THE AMERICAN 20c • DECEMBER

LEGIONMAGAZINE

HowToMakelton Less Fuel This Winter

A LOOK AT CHRISTMA

WOULD SOME OTHER COUNTRY LIKE TO HOST THE U.N. ?

MARK TWAIN AND HIS INVESTMENTS !

T^erth sends you its ^estfor the Holidays

We do not have much snow in Perth. It is said that we gave it to America to make your Holi- days brighter.

Along with the snow go our best wishes . . . and our good whisky. We don't miss the snow. And we always keep enough Dewar's "White Label" over here to toast a few friends of our own. The season would be mighty cold without that

yluthentic. DEWARS "White Label' Dewar's never varies.

~—^-^.^^

BLENDED SCOTCH WHISKY • 86.8 PROOF • ©SCHENLEY IMPORTS CO., N.Y., N.Y. . :

The American

DECEMBER 1973 Volume 95, Number 6

National Commander LEGION Robert E. L. Eaton CHANGE OF ADDRESS Subscribers, please notify Circulation Dept., P. O. Box 1954, Indianapolis, Ind. 46206 using Form 3578 which is available at your Magazine local post office. Attach old address label and give old and new addresses with ZIP Code number and current membership card num- ber. Also, notify your Post Adjutant or other officer charged with such responsibilities.

Contents for December 1973 The American Legion Maguzine Editorial & Advertising Offices 1345 Avenue of the Americas New York, New York 10019 Publisher^ James F. O'Neil HOW TO MAKE IT ON LESS FUEL THIS WINTER 4 Editor Robert B. Pitkin BY R. P. DAILLE Assistant to Publisher A rundown of various ways to save every drop of fuel John Andreola we can this winter, hopefully without freezing to death. Art Editor Waiter H. Boll Assistant Editor James S. Swartz Associate Editor A LOOK AT CAROLS 8 Roy Miller Production Manager BY MALCOLM G. POMEROY Art Bretzfield A brief review of some of our familiar Christmas songs, Copy Editor Grail S. ilanford with some of the stories and history behind them. Circulation Manager Dean B. Nelson Indianapolis, Ind. Advertising Sales WOULD SOME OTHER COUNTRY LIKE TO HOST Robert Redden Associates, Inc. 121 Cedar Lane THE ? 10 Teaneck, N.J. 07666 201-836-5755 BY THOMAS A. HOGE

An account of the running battle between the U.N., as an The American Legion unwilling guest, and N.Y. City, as a reluctant host. Magazine Commission:

Benjamin B. Truskoski, Bristol, Conn.

(Chairman) : Milford A. Forrester, Green-

ville, S.C . ( J' ice Chairman ) ; James R. Kel- ( National MARK TWAIN AND HIS INVESTMENTS 16 ley . Radnor, Pa. Commander's Representative ); Lang Armstrong, Spokane, BY PEGGY ROBBINS Wash.; Norman Biebel, Belleville, III.; Charles E. Booth, Huntington, W. Va.; Bremer. Winona, Minn. The sad tale of Sam Clemens who made hundreds of thousands Adolph ; Raymond Fields. Oklahoma City, Okla.; Chris Hern- as Mark Twain only to squander most of them on get-rlch- andez, Savannah, Ga. ; James V, Kissner, quick inventions and investments. Palatine, III.; Mylio S. Kraja. Youngstown,

Ohio ; Russell H. Laird, Des Moines, Iowa',

Frank C. Love, Syracuse, N , Y ; Arthur Fla. Loyd Mc- MacCarthy, Tallahassee, ; Dermott, Benton, Ark.; Morris Meyer, SHOULD THE U.S. PULL OUT OF THE Starkville, Miss.; J. H. Morris, Baton Rouge, La. ; Frank W. Nay lor, Jr., Kansas City, UNITED NATIONS? 22 Kans.; Harry H. SchaiTer, Pittsburgh, Pa.;

George Sinoi)oli, Fresno, Calif. ; Wayne L. Two Sides Of A National Question Talbert, Delphi, Ind.; Robert H. Wilder, Dadeville, Ala.; Edward McSweeney. New PRO: SEN. JESSE HELMS (R-N.C.) York, N.Y. (Consultant); George Zanos, CON: SEN. GALE W. McGEE (D-WYO.) Wellsburg, W. Va. (Consultant). The American Legion Magazine is owned and published monthly by The American Legion. Copyright 1973 by The American Legion. Second class postage paid at Indianapolis, CLARKE COVER DRAWING BY BOB Ind., 46204 and additional mailing offices.

Price : single copy, 20 cents; yearly sub- scription, S2.00. Direct inquiries regarding circulation to: Circulation Department, P. 0. Departments Box 1954, Indianapolis, Ind. 46206.

LEHERS 2 VETERANS NEWSLETTER 27 Send editorial and advertising material to The American Legion Magazine, 1315 Avenue of the Americas, New York, N.Y. 10019. PERSONAL 3 NEWS OF THE AMERICAN LEGION . .29

DATELINE WASHINGTON 21 LEGION SHOPPER 47 NON-MEMBER SUBSCRIPTIONS Send name and address, including ZIP LIFE IN THE OUTDOORS 26 PARTING SHOTS 48 number, with $2 check or money order to Circulation Dept., P.O. Box 1954, Indianapolis, Ind. 46206.

Manuscripts, orlwork, cartoons submitted for consideration will not be returned unless a self-ad- dressed, stamped envelope is included. This magazine ossumes no responsibility for unsolicited material. POSTMASTER: If undeliverable, please send Form 3579 to P. O. Box 1954. Indianapolis, Ind. 46206.

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • DECEMBER 1973 1 WW2 BATTLESHIPS LETTERS TO THE EDITOR sir: Congratulations on "U.S. Battle- ships in World War 2" (Sept.). I was on the Colorado for two years. Some discrepancies, however. We received Letters published do not necessarily ex- in the September issue, I want to press the policy of The American Legion. our 22 direct hits off Tinian, not Guam. short. and address must say it is one of the most complete Keep letters Name And the Maryland was torpedoed off be furnished. E.vpressions of opinion and articles I have read on the subject requests for personal service are appreci- Saipan, not Guam. cannot be acknowledged or of saving gas. ated, but they But what about the Wyoming? I answered, due to lack of maga-ine staff for I took a 6,000-mile trip in my car these purposes. Requests for personal serv- did not hear of any campaign with this summer and learned these hints ices which may be legitimately asked of her involved, even at Okinawa, where The American Legion should be made to from experience. I kept the idea in your Post Service Officer or your state almost all of our capital ships were in mind that I might not find a gas (Department) American Legion Hq. Send the vicinity. letters to the editor to: Letters, The station open at the next town. American Legion Magazine. 1345 Avenue Robert M. Thornton Thanks for the information. We all of the Americas, New York, N.Y. 10019. St. Cloud, Minn. should try to conserve a little more energy's sake. PIE TOO THIN for Greg Smith sir: My Macadamia nut pie, follow- Jackson, Miss. The Wyoming served as an antiair- ing the Hawaiian Village recipe on craft training ship, 19Jfl-45. During your October "Letters" page, came this time, numerous AA crews were out too thin. I froze it and saved the sir: I would like to shake the hand trained on hoard; new AA gunnery day, because it was delicious. But of author Malcolm G. Pomeroy for control equipment was tested; and why didn't it come out right as an his article on how saving gas saves new defense methods developed, es- unfrozen pie filling? cars and lives too. He really tells pecially against the attacks. Mrs. John Reynolds how the other guy feels about driv- Milwaukee, Wise. ing with speedsters and tailgaters around him. But what can we do sir: Three big cheers to H. Allen Because the recipe didn't specify about getting some kind of action Perry for his story about our bat- that the final mixture should he taken against them? They need to be tleships. It was most interesting and stirred over heat, which the chef taken off the road before they take brought back a few memories. With- took for granted. us off the road. out our battlewagons, our island- Thumbs up to smooth, gas-saving, hopping successes would have been life-saving driving and thumbs down next to impossible. Thanks again, Mr. SAVING GAS, CARS AND LIVES to tailgaters and speedsters. Perry, for a great story.

SIR : Concerning your article, "Sav- SuziE Moore H. Buck ing Gas Saves Cars and Lives Too," Marshalltown, Iowa Niagara Falls, N.Y.

THE STORY YOU NEVER THE SOLDIER THAT NEVER SAW ON TV. MADE THE PAPERS.

THE NOVEL THAT WON THE PUTNAM AWARD. BODY COUNT BY WILLIAM TURNER HUGGETT

This is the whole story. The novel of Viet Nam.

Told the way it really was. The dope. The sex. The blood.

If you were there,

this IS yoLir story.

2 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • DECEMBER 1973 —

PERSONAL states are now in the happy position of cutting taxes back. Real estate and ECONOMICS & HOME INSURANCE. personal income levies usually are the first to be reduced. Incidentally, NEW PENSION LEGISLATION? the metropolitan areas with the low- est property taxes currently are New LOCAL GARAGE SALE LAWS. Orleans, San Antonio, Louisville and Looking ahead to 1974, most econo- • Prohibiting unduly long entrance Tampa-St. Petersburg. At the other mists see another year of growth in requirements. end of the line are San Francisco, Bos- the output of our goods and services • "Vesting" employees at an accel- ton and Los Angeles. although maybe not at the same high erated rate—i.e., giving employees the GROUP INSURANCE: If you want pace that characterized 1973. There right to some money at an early date, to transfer ownership of your group will be two trouble spots, however: or if they change jobs. life insurance policy to somebody else • Inflation will continue to be • Stopping risky investment of pen- to get the proceeds out of your estate, bothersome—a problem that's not sion money. it's now possible in the great majority unique to the United States; every • Allowing individuals to set up of states, after a rash of new legisla- major industrial nation has the same their own nest eggs—if their employ- tion. The only remaining holdouts are worry. ers don't have a plan—with a tax in- the District of Columbia. , Dela- • Residential construction will be centive to do so. ware, Montana, Pennsylvania and off considerably, a trend that already Why is Congress so concerned about Washington. has started. Tight money, of course, is a matter that's heretofore been con- GARAGE SALES: This phenomenon a major reason. sidered strictly private? Because if has become so popular as a means of Inflation and a drop in construction employees aren't adequately taken disposing of unwanted furniture and are good reasons why you should re- care of in their old age—or not taken bric-a-brac (and picking up a little view your home insurance policy, care of at all—that puts pressure on side money in the process) that more which usually covers fire, theft and the government to raise Social Se- and more municipalities are passing liability. curity payments to far higher levels laws governing advertising, collection Is your protection sufficient? If your than at present. of sales taxes and frequency of sales. house was built in the last ten years, It's a good idea to check these points replacement costs now would be up at Notes of the month: out before you start your profitable least 70%; if it was built 20 years ago, TAXES: Because of hefty yields housecleaning. replacement costs would be double or from prior tax hikes, more and more By Edgar A. Grunwald more. Meantime, the replacement cost of personal property has gone up even faster than that. Home insurance policies have a number of options, which your insur- Why pay an answering ance man can best explain to you. Suf- fice it to say that adequate coverage service when you can is desirable, not only because the structure itself should be well pro- own your own? tected, but also your personal prop- erty (whose coverage normally goes Dictaphone has a machine hand-in-hand with protection of the to sure never home). make you lose If higher coverage begins to pinch another cent through a your pocketbook, ask the insurer about missed phone call or a gar- sensible deductions that might give bled message. In fact, we you some offset. have a whole line of them. They're called Ansafone Telephone Answer- If you're employed in any type of private industry, no matter how large ing Systems. You can buy one outright or possi- or small, you may want to keep an bly lease it for about what you're paying your

eye on legislation now brewing in answering service now. And it works for you 24 Congress over pension systems. hours a day, 7 days a week. About half the employees in the For a free brochure describing how much an private sector of the U.S. economy currently are in pension plans—all of Ansafone can help you, mail this coupon now. which are voluntary setups. That's raising two questions; What about the 50% who aren't covered? And how ©Dictaphone I adequately are those in the plans pro- Box L-12-139, 120 Old Post Road, Rye, New York 10580 I tected? ' Please send me full details of the Ansafone line. So Congress is thinking about en- I Name acting one or more of the following Company Phone proposals: I • Insuring the plans, to prevent _ Address

financial loss in case of a collapse City_ State _Zip Code (which has happened); or if a com-

pany goes out of business. Ansafone and Dictaphone are registered trademarks of Dictaphone Corp.

THE AMERICAN LEGION (MAGAZINE • DECEMBER 1973 3 How To Make It on Less Fuel This Winter

The people can do far more than the government to see the country through a heating fuel pinch.

interested in stretching his fuel as dows open or ajar in cold weather. far as he can. The fact is that if each Make sure every window has a storm and every one of us who has any window. Before we're through we'll control over fuel consumption would offer most of the obvious and not so cut corners on energy consumption, obvious ways to save energy, and the total national fuel saving could fuel bills, just by taking more pains go a long way to make any cold than usual. weather crisis evaporate. But it might also pay you to un- How do Mr. and Mrs. John Q. derstand a bit of the science of keep- Public go about saving energy, given ing warm. You can feel warm in a the desire to make a serious effort? room at 70 degrees and cold in a We are not dealing with an at- room at 78 degrees. The reasons why tempt to conserve only heat, but to have a bearing on how you can man- save the total national energy supply. age to keep the thermostat down Economizing on gasoline consump- with comfort. tion in your car will free more pe- Air temperature is only one factor troleum for heat. Conserving electric in feeling warm or cold. Radiation light in your home or office saves plays a bigger role than most of us fuel down at the power plant, and imagine. Solid objects radiate heat heating back and forth. If they are the By R. P. DAILLE liberates more energy for same purposes. temperature, the give and take is WHATEVER the government and So the trick to get the nation about equal. If your furniture and the fuel industries are going to through a potentially cold winter is walls are warm, you radiate body do about the threatened critical to save energy in any form possible. heat to them, but they only absorb shortage of fuel this winter, it is Fortunately, this will also keep our a little of it and bounce some back to vi^ithin the power of John Q. Public fuel, utility and gasoline bills down. you. But if they are cold, they gob- and his wife to strike an enormous There are many ways by which ble up your radiations and you feel blow to make their fuel supply and one can save his and the nation's fuel much colder in the same air tem- the nation's stretch, and perhaps right around home without actually perature. avoid the sort of frigid austerity that suffering. Most of them are entirely Now if someone jams the thermo- many have been predicting. obvious. Don't leave lights on when stat down to about 50 degrees over- Talking with fuel oil men this fall, they aren't needed. Look for cracks night and goes to bed bundled up, we know that the customers have around windows and doors where this seems like a great fuel saving gotten the word and are out to act on little icy fingers of cold air come in, on the face of it. But what is likely their own behalf. The early evidence and weatherstrip them. Don't care- to happen is that next morning, when is that families which buy and burn lessly overheat roomspace if you can the air is reheated to about 72 de- their own fuel oil no longer wait for control it, and don't keep unused grees, it feels as cold as ice. Someone automatic deliveries. As soon as space very warm. Learn how much is going to force the air temperature there is room at the top of the tank, you can comfortably turn the ther- up to about 80 and lose the fuel sav- many have been calling their oil mostat down overnight. Keep driv- ings of the night before. All solid companies to come and fill her up ing your car in the gas-saving ways objects are so cold that they are again. This is natural. If rationing that were well publicized last sum- stealing radiation heat from the hu- should begni on December 19 or Jan- mer, when the problem wasn't cold mans, who suddenly want the air uary 8, everyone wants to start with weather but a possible gasoline hotter than usual m order to feel a full tank. shortage. Don't leave doors and win- comfortable. And it takes hours to One also assumes that everyone is DRAWINGS BY BOB CLARKE reheat the walls and furniture, dur-

4 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • DECEMBER 1973 ing all of which time everyone feels more. If you have a clock-controlled and make a cool house feel warmer, cold in 72-degree air. thermostat, you can cut the heat by managing the drapes over your This human factor, related to radi- back by much more than five degrees windows not as drapes but as in- ation, has led fuel experts to suggest at about 11 p.m. and set it to come sulation and reflectors. General cold that you should turn the thermostat on at about 65 degrees long about weather rule: If the sun isn't hitting down about five degrees overnight, 4 : 30 a.m. It will then have more time the window, keep the drapes drawn. and no more. Normally, this would to warm up the cold walls and fur- Both the conduction of heat and the mean 72 degrees in the daytime and niture before people are up and radiation of heat through the win- 67 at night. However, if we watch about, and you can raise it to 68 or dow will be greatly reduced. But if our radiation factors around the so on arising. As a clock-thermostat, the sun is hitting the window, open house, we can probably all be com- properly used, is a great fuel saver the drapes. Old Sol will radiate heat fortable with the house at 68 or 69 anytime, smart people in cold cli- into the room, even in very cold in the daytime and about 64 at night. mates can't hurt themselves by in- weather. If we all should settle for roomspace stalling clock thermostats as a The direct leakage of warm air that's about three degrees colder than matter of long-range principle. (and intrusion of cold air) around usual this winter, the fuel savings There is no truth at all in the old small cracks in doors and windows would be enormous. Different ex- argument that it takes more fuel to can, in extreme cases, result in the perts give different figures, but all reheat a cold house than to keep it expenditure of from 15% to 30% of are agreed that, if we all voluntarily warm all night. It always takes less your fuel to "heat the whole out- cut back three degrees of house- to reheat it than to keep it warm. doors," as my mother used to say. hold warmth all winter, it would be The only problem is the human need Almost any man—and I suspect like finding a new oil field for the na- to want it warmer than usual in the many women—can easily apply tion. The expert figures are that if morning to combat the radiation loss weather-stripping or caulking to you keep your living space one de- to cold solids. such cracks. The initiative needed is gree cooler than usual all winter, Liberal use of drapes as wall hang- to go hunting for these openings that you will cut fuel consumption for ings reduces the sense of chill by let drafts in and keep after them. A heating by from 3% to 5%. Making radiation. The radiation loss through government bulletin says that if a out on two degrees less will cut con- glass windows (either single or dou- light fog forms on a window on the sumption by from 4% to 7% or 8%. ble) in winter is much greater than downwind side in cold weather, the Government figures have guessti- it is to cold walls and furniture. Thus window is probably draft-free. mated that we absolutely need a 10% you can save a great deal of heat, A window without a double sheet fuel saving to make it this winter. of glass (thermopane or a storm Homes aren't the only fuel users, window) is, on the face of it, "heat- but if every home made out on just ing the whole outdoors." A river of three degrees less heat around the chilled air whose heat has passed to clock, it would come close to saving the outdoors flows down it and across a half of the total national sav- your floor. ing which is said to be absolutely Your heating plant will need a lot necessary. Much more can be saved more fuel to heat your house if its by policing sheer waste of heat and heat-exchangers are dirty, or if the energy. burner is not finely tuned. An annual It is a pity that there are hardly overhaul and cleaning is nothing to any clock-regulated thermostats any- shrug off. It really does keep fuel bills down. In a hot air system, a heating plant's efficiency increases if you make sure to keep the air filters clean. Insulation in your walls and house- top can save fuel two ways. If your dwelling is well insulated, your walls will not leak as much heat to the out- doors to keep your heating unit working overtime. The interior wall surfaces will also be warmer, so they will not steal as much radiation from your body. Hence a well insulated house not only conserves heat, it lets its occupants feel comfortable at a lower temperature. Moral, if there is anything you can do on short order to improve the in- sulation of your dwelling, it will pay for itself many times over in fuel saved. The experts point out that existing homes may or may not be easy to insulate, or to insulate better, on short notice. The best wall insulation is installed at the time of construc- tion. But since it always pays home- Gaps around doors and windows can sometimes waste 15% or more of heating fuel in severe weather. Weatherstripping and caulking are thus obvious fuel savers. (Continued on next page)

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • DECEMBER 1973 Open drapes when sun hits windows, keep them drawn at other times in cold weather. CONTINUED How to Make It on Less Fuel yours. I didn't ask any dealers if they would welcome your queries, owners to have the best wall insula- the irritation from fine particles of and the K factor isn't exact. But you tion—fuel shortage or not—this fiberglass that is common to handlers may be sure that a dealer who has would be a good time to have a trust- of this insulation. long given you automatic deliveries worthy insulation man see how good If you are in a winter climate, knows full well if your house con- yours is and see what is involved in with a garage built into the house, sumes much more fuel than the gen- improving it. you can save a lot of fuel if you will eral average for similar homes and When it comes to the garrets or keep that garage door closed on cold families. If he can spare time in this attics over many homes which are days whenever you are not driving (for him) hectic winter to tell you, simply airspaces, it is no great trick your car in or out. If you let the full the information will be more accu- to see that they are better insulated. blast of winter into your garage, it rate than your comparing notes with The experts say that you should have will needlessly chill every interior neighbors on fuel bills. And if your at least six inches of insulation be- wall that borders on the garage and K factor is a real baddie, you ought tween ceiling and garret. If you have work your heating unit overtime. But to take steps to find out why and less, it may be simple to buy some with the garage door closed, even a correct it. Poor insulation or heat- batts and lay them down. Put some cold garage is a sort of dead-air- wasting habits in the household are over the trapdoor to the garret, too, space insulator for the rooms that the usual reasons. and make sure the edges of the trap- adjoin it. Give a think to hot water waste. door are weatherstripped. The warm- If you are a homeowner on a fuel You burn fuel, remember, to heat est air in your house may be pushing oil contract, with automatic delivery, water—be it by gas, fuel oil or elec- its way through cracks around the it is just possible that your fuel oil tricity. A dishwasher will use just as trapdoor, if you have one to an attic company can give you a general idea much hot water to clean a few dishes airspace. An attic door or trapdoor if your house is a heatburner, com- as it will to wash a full load. The is the most important to weather- pared to similar homes. In normal same general principle applies to strip. times, your fuel oil dealer has given dishpan use of hot water. The ex- There is much more heat lost your house a "K factor." This, com- perts say: "Save fuel by washing a through poor ceiling insulation than bined with how cold the weather has lot of dishes at once." "They counsel through poor wall insulation, due to been as measured in "degree days," the usual household to wash dishes the tendency of the warmest air to is what has always told him when in a dishwasher once a day. The rise to the ceiling. A quarter of the you have needed a new delivery of same principle applies to laundry. heat loss of one-family dwellings is oil. The "K factor" reveals, in rela- Don't run small loads through your said to be lost through the ceiUng. tive terms, if your house is a heavy washer. Warning: If you do lay down some fuel user or a light fuel user. Maybe A hot water tap that drips is a fiberglass batts in your garret, wear you will drive your dealer crazy if silent thief. The lost water itself can gloves and put some surgical gauze you ask him if your K factor is out run up quite a bill if you are on a over your mouth and nose to avoid of line for a house and family like water meter. But letting hot water

6 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • DECEMBER 1973 drip away is like pouring petroleum situation as the customers conserv- winter, which could result in serious

down the drain. Fix it ! Why heat the ing the existing supply all they can unemployment. General Motors has sewers? by eliminating every bit of energy already warned that the possible Need I suggest that all other hot waste possible and settling for shutdown of some of its Midwestern water use should be managed a bit slightly cooler homes before any real suppliers, which haven't yet been to avoid heat waste, without my crisis arises. able to contract for needed winter cataloguing everything? Except that we are on the thin fuel, could cause a chain reaction of Excessively dry air in your home edge this winter, nobody really shutdowns throughout its operations. is like radiation heat loss in that it knows how serious the situation may These are more serious reasons for gives a sense of chill to warm air. be. An exceptionally warm winter conserving all the fuel we can than is Maintaining a fair level of winter- would be a blessing. An exception- the prospect of being unusually time humidity in your home is not ally cold one could put us to real chilly. only healthful, but makes a cooler hardship. A cold winter in Europe There's one thing I don't particu- home feel more comfortable. could divert expected imports of oil larly like about all these suggestions If you feel it is necessary to air from our shores and give us a hard to do this, don't do that, avoid this out a room in cold weather by open- time without a cold winter here. Mid- and that, etc. to save fuel. ing the windows, just air that room. east politics have already started We aren't really all that stupid. It Close it off from the rest of the to reduce our petroleum supply from isn't really nearly so necessary to tell house, and especially from the room the area, from which people by the numbers how to save with the thermostat, so that the fur- we presently import about 6% of our energy as it is to persuade them that nace doesn't go chugging away national supply. Fuel industry, rail this is a job that they can do and pumping heat out that open window. or shipping strikes could undermine that needs doing. If we, the people, If there are unused rooms in your our winter oil supply—and a major make up our minds that we want to house, do whatever is necessary to disaster to one of our large refineries save fuel, starting today, we can keep them cooler than the other could bring on something worse than probably do a better job than all the rooms. If you must sleep with a win- a mere fuel oil pinch. editorials and PR releases can tell us dow slightly open, close the bedroom Of course homeowners can really to do. We can figure ways that no- off from the other rooms so that that make out on far less fuel than usual, body else could have foreseen, while open window doesn't chill more than just by bundling up and living cold it is obvious that a lot of us cannot your igloo bedroom. —as most generations of our ances- follow all the handouts. What can If there is a fireplace in your tors did. But there are consequences apartment dwellers do about the house, you should keep the chimney of a fuel shortage that are more seri- heating plants and insulation in their damper closed when there's no fire ous than just living like Spartans for buildings? Enormous wastes of en- in the fireplace. Warm air in your a few months. Many industrial plants ergy are engineered into many of the rooms will make a vertical stream up in this country may be threatened buildings we occupy—from the glass- the chimney to the great outdoors, with fuel-shortage shutdowns this (Continued on page 46) and rush it up faster the colder the weather. Need I add, do not forget to open the flue if you build a fire in the fireplace? People whose furnaces and water heaters are already on natural gas have no grounds for feeling smug about their position vis-a-vis those on fuel oil this winter. Many a nat- ural gas supplier has no idea how it will be able to keep its customers supplied with gas this winter. Con- sider the warning issued in October to gas customers of Public Service Gas and Electric of New Jersey. It starts by advising that the firm will not take on any new gas customers. It then says that it does not know how well it can supply existing gas customers. It then explains what few customers realize—that in the win- ter it usually has to manufacture up to 25% of its gas from guess what? Chiefly petroleum products, which it isn't sure it can get in adequate amounts. It then goes on to say the federal government may reallocate its gas supply according to national needs, without respect to its existing contracts with customers in New Jersey. In short, the natural gas supply this winter is on just as much of a thin edge as the fuel oil supply, and At least six inches of insulation over ceilings will cut fuel consumption radi- nothing will as certainly ease the cally. About 25% of heat loss from one-family houses passes out through ceilings.

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • DECEMBER 1973 J —

in Portugal, where the earliest Fran- a LOOK AT ciscan forms were well preserved. It has been attributed to St. Bonaven- tura, whose life overlapped that of CHRISTMAS St. Francis. CAROLS The 1928 Oxford Book of Carols is one of the best collections of carols, No Other Songs now Sung are so Old but it can seem very stuffy, since its chief concern is with English carols. It neither published nor mentioned OF THE "Silent Night," ONE purest joys of Christ- ties." Its songs were sacred and sung possibly because it mas is beyond corruption by piously. But St. Francis, who had a originated in Austria and was first commercialization or professionalism. strong sense of theater and a robust popular in America. Its origin is in- We can still gather unto ourselves singing voice of his own, resolved to teresting. In 1818, the church organ- ist at Oberndorf and, without regard to the market- bring the church closer to the people. , Austria, told the vicar place or the quality of our voices, join He installed a life-size creche—the that the organ was kaput and the re- in carolling—for better or worse familiar —as an annex pairman couldn't make it through a without benefit of instruments, prac- to his church, and had the young in blizzard from Zillerthal until after tice or talent. to sing and dance around it. It was a Christmas. The vicar and the organist There is a joy in carolling that is real stable, with living animals, and conspired to write a new and simple perhaps the best surviving relic of living people to represent the Christ song that the two of them could sing what Christmas used to be around the Child, Mary, Joseph and the three at Christmas services to guitar ac- house and neighborhood, before it be- wise kings of Orient with their gifts companiment, along with a young came such a year-end merchandising of gold, myrrh and frankincense. soprano as the Virgin Mary. orgy. The uncommercialized carolling Vicar Josef Mohr wrote the words spirit is fairly well represented by THIS BIT OF theater humanized the to "Stille Nacht, Heilige Nacht" (Si- Norman Rockwell's old Saturday church immensely, let the festive lent Night, Holy Night) and organist Evening Post cover of Dec. 8, 1923, spirit in, gave reality to the Nativity, Franz Gruber, who was also the vil- shown on the opposite page. and called for livelier sacred music. lage schoolmaster, wrote the music. The Christmas songs are located so Nothing was more popular. Before Later, the repairman got through and close to the heart—a blend of the long there were carols for Easter and took a copy of "Stille Nacht" back to spiritual and the festive—that they every saint's day. By the 1300's, carols Zillerthal where he showed it to some have survived centuries of change in and less pretentious creches spread all Tyrolean singers who were about to all other things—even banishment in over Europe and took a firm hold in tour America. Michael Haydn, Cromwell's England. New carols have England. The Encyclopaedia Britan- brother of the great composer Franz been written continuously for at least nica cites an English carol of about Josef Haydn, arranged it for four 600 years, and some from each cen- 1350 whose main refrain is wholly Tyrolean singers. They popularized it tury have survived. There is no other festive: in America, and it slowly made its family of music with so many differ- Honnd by honnd we schuUe ous take way back to Europe. Because a ent songs now popular whose origins And joye and blisse shuUe we make. Haydn arranged it, "Silent Night" are lost so deep in time. Read honnd as "hand" and it is all was later often wrongly attributed to It is hard to say what a carol is. It clear. It was sung to a sort of ring- Franz Josef Haydn. is for certain a song for a holiday. around-the-rosy dance tune, most cer- There are carols for many holidays, tainly around a creche. Over the span MANY VERY OLD CAROLS that we though today carols are largely of six centuries we can still see them still sing were preserved by the Christmas songs. dancing and singing, though we have Lutherans in a publication of 1582 A carol is not a hymn, though many no idea of the music. called Piae Cantiones (Holy Songs.) hymns are carols. It is not just a fes- Among the many carols of today An old Swedish copy is in the British tive song, though many carols are which may go back 600 years or more Museum. Martin Luther wrote carols festive. A carol is, in fact, a wedding is "Adeste Fideles." The English verse himself. "Away in a Manger" was of the religious and the festive. It (Oh, Come All Ye Faithful) was originally a lullaby composed by him may be almost purely sacred, though translated in 1841 by English clergy- for his infant son, written before always with a sense of celebration. It man Frederick Oakley. The earliest 1550. Many of the songs collected by may be almost wholly festive as in known printing of the music is in a his followers in Piae Cantiones may the case of "Twelve Days of Christ- 1751 collection of hymns by J. F. go back to Franciscan times. The mas" (originally a New Year's song) Wade. Wade attributed it to John music to "" is and numerous songs. Consider Reading, an English minister of the one of these, and various carols have "We Wish You a Merry Christmas." 1600's, but no music scholar believes been composed to its refrain. In the The only thing sacred is the occasion, it. It has the stamp of old Latin middle of the last century, English- and the entire burden is, "We wish carols. If the tempo is increased man translated you a merry Christmas and a happy slightly, the air is clearly no hymn, some of the Piae Cantiones songs, and New Year." but dance music, undoubtedly a composed new verses in English for Both carols and choruses were orig- church creche dance. The words ex- others. inally songs whose singers danced. press adoration, but the music is what His "Good King Wenceslas" cele- The carol's accepted history begins English music historian Percy Dear- brates the generosity of Wenceslas with a deliberate wedding of the sa- mer once called "hilarious," in the the Holy to the poor on St. Stephen's cred, the festive and the dance by St. sense of being full of primitive joy, Day (Dec. 26). The day is still an im- Francis of Assisi, at Greccio, Italy, in almost as evocative of physical ex- portant Christmas occasion in Cen- 1223. pression as a military march. Some tral Europe. Wenceslas ruled Bohemia The Roman church at that time al- say that "Adeste Fideles" was for in the 900's. In Neale's song, Wen- lowed no dancing or other "vulgari- centuries a familiar, unwritten tune ceslas' doubting servant finds warmth

8 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • DECEMBER 1973 THES

Norman Rockwell Saturday Evening Post cover of 50 years ago, reprinted by permission of the Curtis Publishing Company. and strength following in his master's What irked the editors was that very floral or suggestive of spring. tracks in the snow while distributing England had long had a springtime But to the Oxford editors it wasn't largesse to the poor. carol to the same tune, right out of cricket to move the "Flower Carol" The editors of the 1928 Oxford Piae Cantiones. Its Latin name was out of season, nor to plant it in Bo- Book of Carols had no use at all for Tempus adest floridum (The Time of hemia. However, for all we know the "Wenceslas." They called it "dog- Flowers is Here). As the traditional Bohemians may long have had such gerel," and gladly quoted critics who English "Flower Carol," it began a carol in their own language. On the said it is "poor" and "commonplace." "Spring has now unwrapped the flow- feast of Stephen they had carolled in ." They hoped it would die an early ers, day is fast reviving. . . Sing it Wenceslas' name, perhaps to the same death. Neale's English "Wenceslas" to the same air as "Good King Wen- tune, for centuries. Neale may have was then 75 years old. It has now sur- ceslas looked out on the feast of known what he was doing. ." vived another 45 years and seems in Stephen . . and it ought to strike In the Elizabethan Age (1500's) good health. you that its vigor and rapidity aren't (Continued on page 45)

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • DECEMBER 1973 9 Would Some Other Country Like to Host the United Nations ?

that there is little chance at this time According to Many, the U.N. Is the Reluctant Guest to win majority approval for a new of an Unwilling Host. Should it Move? If so, Where? site. More important—no foreign government has yet stepped forward with concrete offer to to By THOMAS A. HOGE not. New Yorkers are captive hosts a play host to this unwieldly conglomerate of the world forum. EVERY YEAR OF SO a chorus of more than 130 nations. Dissatisfied But this does not still the chorus United Nations diplomats loudly U.N. diplomats may sound ofi year of complaints against New York as proclaim in the debating councils of after year about what they consider the host city; a chorus that usually their plush East River headquarters reaches a crescendo after some inci- that they have had it with New York dent involving the diplomatic colony. City. No more protest demonstra- In 1966, a clamor arose after a group tions, they cry, no more sugar in gas of young Zionists broke into the Sy- tanks and no more city policemen rian mission. In 1971, it erupted again to offer them parking tickets. when snipers fired into an 11th floor "It is deplorable that we are here apartment at the Soviet mission. On in , a jungle without other occasions, African diplomats leopards and tigers, but with human have received letters addressing them beings with lurking daggers that are as "niggers" and telling them to go worse than the teeth of any lion," back home. The letters were signed Saudi Arabia's veteran ambassador, "Ku Klux Klan," and the Federal Bu- Jamil M. Baroody, told the closing Jamil Baroody, of Saudi Arabia, reau of Investigation looked into the session of the 1972 U.N. General As- making one of liis speeches on wliat matter. But the author was never a poor host New Yori< is. Baroody sembly. Then, having had his say, he discovered, so far as is known. also often scolds the U.N. for not added with a shrug; "but we are living up to its responsibilities. Such incidents occasionally bring chained to the city, whether we like the running dispute between host and it or not." the hardships of living in New York, guest to the public's attention. But A good many Americans who have but they know full well that to aban- the question has existed continually come to regard the United Nation's don the United Nations' $100 million ever since the UN's founders decided presence as a doubtful asset, would Manhattan headquarters for a new to locate the headquarters site in probably say amen to Baroody's last home would have such far-reaching New York. Back in 1945, an Arab comment. For whether they like it or political and financial implications move to substitute Europe for the United States in a preparatory reso- lution lost by only three votes. Hostility against New York be- came more intense after the huge Asian-African bloc of nations became the dominating factor in U.N. deci- sions. Many diplomats from the non- white countries complained of inci- dents where they were allegedly subjected to humiliating treatment because of their color. Some asserted that they had been discriminated against by real estate agents and landlords, cab drivers, doormen and virtually every other New York citi- zen. The Arabs, on the other hand, com- plained that it was difficult for the United Nations to deal with the ex- plosive problems of the Middle East in the heart of a city with a large Jewish population. The Soviet bloc was originally one of the key backers of New York as the headquarters site. But even be- there A Jewish Defense League anti-Soviet demonstration. U.N. personnel claim that fore the 1971 sniping incident at the are too many people in New York who heckle it, threaten It. New York in turn com- Russian mission, it was echoing plains at the responsibilities that the U.N. has forced upon its police department.

10 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • DECEMBER 1973

CONTINUED FROM PAGE 10 playing host to VIPs. One costly Would Some Other Country Like to Host the U.N.? problem involves the cranks, crack- pots and other psychotics who are at- Asian-African suggestions for a Alvin M. Owsley, of Dallas, Tex., tracted to the U.N. like moths to a transfer of the United Nations to former U.S. Minister to Denmark and flame. Europe. When the 1971 sniping did a Past National Commander of The Under the terms of the agreement the occur, the Russians did another flip- American Legion, declared in a between United Nations and the U.S. government, the U.N. has sole flop and issued bUstering attacks speech, "Send the United Nations to jurisdiction over its 17-acre domain and against New York and the United Geneva. Let them speak and resolute the area is inviolable to New York States in general, but with no men- forever. Save hundreds of millions to police or any other outside law enforce- tion of moving away from American our taxpayers." Owsley was speaking ment agency. Patrolling the area is the job of the U.N.'s Security and Safety shores. for himself. Legion The has adopted section which includes a legion of The prospect of having the United numerous resolutions about the U.N. blue-uniformed guards and plain- Nations guest does not to as a seem but never one on where it should be clothcsmen. However, Security and have appealed to any foreign nation. located. Safety is not a police power. If a crime This became clear in 1966 when Saudi is committed within the U.N. head- It has long been a disputed ques- Arabia's Ambassador Baroody devoted quarters and the criminal is appre- most of an hour-long speech to propos- tion just how much the role of host hended, he is immediately turned over ing that the U.N. pack and move to a does cost the United States, which to the New York City police, unless new site in Switzerland, Austria, the has always been the biggest financial the offense is of a federal nature—in south of France, Turkey or Cyprus. which case federal authorities take contributor to His omnibus proposal met with almost the organization. For- over. total silence. eign delegates have claimed that the Few people realize how many psy- The United States has tried to keep city takes in about $135 million a chos, terrorists and outright criminals out of the controversy as much as year money spent by the United do get into the U.N. during each As- ; Na- sembly session and stir up trouble. possible, but congressmen and other tions itself, by visiting diplomats and Everyone heard about it when about 60 public figures have had their say and by members of the secretariat staff supporters of the late Congolese pre- not all of it was complimentary to who live the year round in Manhat- mier Patrice Lumumba got into the the world forum. tan or its environs. building with the connivance of some delegation that apparently handed Some years ago. Sen. Pat McCar- But the city fathers themselves them all passes during a Congo debate ran commented with feeling, "I will have complained bitterly about the in the Security Council. Equipped with regret to my dying day that I ever cost of playing host. In an average brass knuckles and bicycle chains, this voted for the United Nations char- year it is estimated that city police gang of thugs injured 18 guards before they were finally subdued and handed ter." protection for U.N. missions costs over to New York police. Others have been even more out- $2.5 million. Some years the bill But not many knew about it when spoken, like the Citizens Committee runs much higher. The city disclosed the late Nikita Khrushchev visited the U.N. in 1960 guards in- to Abolish the United Nations which that it spent $4 million over a three- and caught an truder who clambered over the U.N. declared: "They (the U.N.) have oc- month period in 1970 providing se- wall equipped with a fire bomb with cupied a beachhead on our soil. Land curity for visiting chiefs of state who which he apparently intended to greet surrounded by America, we are told, came to New York to observe the the Soviet leader. New York police no longer belongs to America. They forum's 25th anniversary. For that received that troublemaker, too. have flooded our shores with spies, single operation, more than 1,500 po- Not only do the city police have the communists, Zionists and others of licemen were mobilized to aid in pro- task of dealing with these cranks, the 'hate' America ilk." tecting the visiting dignitaries. And but they keep constant vigil to head On another occasion, the late Hon. that is only a fraction of the cost of off any trouble for the city or the

WIDE WORLD U.N. PHOTO

New York was firmed up as U.N. Hq when Rockefeller money assured conversion of old site into modern U.N. home (right).

12 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • DECEMBER 1973 The N.Y. Daily News featured this 1966 photo of a car with DPL plates (diplomat) blocking a fire hydrant. The immunity of U.N. personnel to local laws has galled the host city over the years, especially as the privilege has often been abused.

United Nations. When Yugoslavia's If no one else wanted to become New York had its opponents, too. President Tito came to the United international den mother, there was Baroody and others contended that the city was too dirty, too noisy, too ex- Nations in the 1960's, York po- a wild scramble by American com- New pensive and too full of pressure groups, lice sent the Security and Safety sec- munities in 1945-46 when the ques- prejudice, crime and sex. These objec- tion photographs of 60 known trou- tion of a permanent site came under tions vanished after John D. Rocke- blemakers. All this takes time and consideration. feller, Jr., offered the U.N. a gift of a 17-acre tract in the Turtle Bay area costs money. Twenty-two separate invitations were worth $8.5 million at that time. The received from various parts of the In fact, a study in the 1960's by U.S. government clinched the matter United States. They included such by providing an interest-free loan of Prof. John G. Stoessinger of the metropolitan areas as San Francisco, $65 million to finance the building of Brookings Institute estimated that Boston and Chicago. Other entries were the headquarters. secluded areas like the Black Hills of at best, New York City breaks about The stench of the slaughterhouses South Dakota; Monterey, Calif.; Sault even in terms of U.N. receipts and no longer hovers over the area. More Ste. Marie on the Michigan-Canadian than two decades ago, workmen razed expenditures. border, and Chancellorsville, Va. them along with the breweries and thing is clear, the One United Na- San Francisco seemed ideal at first, tenements that cluttered the area. In tions has never been enough of a but it was voted down because so many their place was erected the thin, 38- moneymaking proposition to encour- delegates would have another 3,000 story, blue-gray shaft of marble and miles to travel across the U.S. conti- age any other government to take the steel, plus a complex of smaller build- nent. This was when most people still ings, costing a total of about $100 organization its under wing. This was rode trains. million. never spelled out in so many words, To the U.S. government and the Wide world but the U.N. founders concurred in city fell the monumental task of San Francisco that the world organi- helping some 20,000 U.N. people, zation should be based in America. many from hostile nations, handle Claiming that this would draw the the problems of everyday living in a United States closer into the inter- strange city. national arena, the founders noted New Yorkers may have felt hon- that America had refused to join the ored at first with the role of host city old League of Nations and said they to a colony of envoys from around did not want this to happen again. the world, but they have been sorely But over the past two decades, the tried over the years with the respon- United States has become so deeply sibility to keep these thousands involved in U.N. affairs that such an U.S. gov't order quickly freed Argentina's reasonably happy and help them ad- Rodolfo Munoz, when N.J. cops arrested argument is no longer valid, if it ever just to unfamiliar ways. him after he spit in a turnpike officer's was. face when stopped for traffic violation. Americans inside the United Na-

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • DECEMBER 1973 13 CONTINUED FROM PAGE 13 courts. They can break a lease, and Would Some Other Country Like to Host the U.N.? they cannot be held for damage done to an apartment, the landlords com- tions secretariat and on the outside seem to be trying to cover up their plain. an arrogant manner," soon learned that to entertain diplo- background with This abuse of the diplomatic role said one American hostess. "And some mats steeped in the complexities of is prime reason wives are so withdrawn that it is pain- a why many New protocol was a very different thing fully difficult to keep up a conversa- Yorkers find their foreign visitors from entertaining fellow country- tion." pretty hard to take. They resent en- husbands pose a men. The wives of U.S. officials try- Sometimes the voys who glide by in limousines with problem. Many delegates say they feel visitors at their ing to put the foreign the isolation, despite the pressure of DPL plates that make them immune ease had some traumatic experiences their work and daily contact with to ordinary laws that native New before learning which diplomats diplomats of a similar background. Yorkers must obey. And some envoys of unpleasant contacts mixed well and which did not. There Some complain do not stop at breaking leases. with color-conscious landlords and were some basic guides. Don't invite snooty headwaiters. Swathed in a protective mantle of anyone from Israel to a party that "You want a taxi, and they just look diplomatic privilege, these foreigners includes Arab guests. Never ask a at you and off they go," said one dele- can, if they choose, assault U.S. citi- representative of the white minority gate. "I guess the drivers don't feel like zens, spy on U.S. defenses and flout

taking you becaiise they are afraid. . . . regime of South Africa to a recep- traffic laws without fear of prosecu- They don't want to have to go up to tion that is being attended by black Harlem." tion. The worst threat they face is Africans. And it's a good idea not to Nagao Yoshida, a Japanese delegate, expulsion from the country and that mix Indians and Pakistanis who go said that whenever he asked questions is rarely invoked except in blatant to war with each other every few he got brusque replies. Landlords, he cases of espionage. said, told tenants to take it or leave it. years. Americans still recall the case of In many cases, diplomats have ob- the Latin American delegate who viously come to New York with DIPLOMATS and their fami- spat in a New Jersey cop's face dur- MANY preconceived notions and are only lies have made it plain that ing an argument over a traffic viola- too ready to interpret the imperson- they are not happy with life in and tion. The policeman dragged his ality of New Yorkers as a slight to around New York. Many new arri- assailant off to the station house, but their race or nation. This has not vals, especially young wives, feel before he could book the envoy, the been lost on Mrs. John L. Loeb, the isolated at first; especially those State Department stepped in and the dynamic niece of the late Sen. Her- transplanted from a tribal village to a Law had to settle for an apology. A bert H. Lehman who, as Mayor John huge, strange city, sealed off by a popular theme of the striped pants V. Lindsay's New York City com- strange language and culture. set is the plaint that their families missioner to the U.N., tries to make "These girls rattle around in a big are unsafe on New York streets and new delegates and their kin feel at apartment with no friends or rela- the often expressed fear that their home. tives to talk to while their husbands missions and official residences might "Some of these new arrivals fail are occupied day and night at the become bomb or sniper targets. to realize that the rude doorman or United Nations," said a secretariat "I can walk at midnight in Athens, offensive taxi driver acts the same staff member who herself had spent but I wouldn't try it in New York," toward me or anyone else," said Mrs. several years adjusting. an Israeli commented at a party Loeb. "Some cannot afford baby sitters recently. He failed to mention the As for discrimination, New York to enable them to attend U.N. social constant danger of terrorist attack has laws against such practices and functions with their husbands. Others in his own homeland. its Human Rights Commission stands are too shy to venture into an alien Young members of the colony see ready to enforce them. But accusing social life, even if they could," she New York with kinder eyes. It is an a landlord of racial bias and proving added. ironic fact that the thought of vio- it are two very different things. Most Through the U.N. Hospitality Com- lence which seems to obsess so many landlords who have barred U.N. mittee and other such groups, diplomats of the male members has been personnel insist that they do so and their families are often invited to shrugged off by a number of women New York homes for a social evening. because they have found that some who live alone in the city. Many guests seem to enjoy the contact envoys hide behind the shield of but it is often rough going for the Miss Bertha Vega, an attorney from diplomatic immunity thus keep Americans. and Peru and member of the General As- "Those from more primitive societies beyond the reach of American sembly's Legal Committee politely

14 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • DECEMBER 1973 WIDE WORLD PHOTOS charred black. It seems that the family cooked their meals over a campfire because they could not fathom the mysteries of an electric stove. On the whole, delegates and mem- bers of the secretariat staff have be- come attached to American pleasures like watching television, seeing American plays, eating hot dogs and using U.S. electrical gadgets. This moved former U.N. Under Secretary Hernane Tavares de Sa to comment in his book "The Play Within The Play" that the world's top diplomats would not be so eager to attend the General Assembly sessions each year "if they were not encountering the ." lights of Broadway . . As one American connected with the United Nations privately noted, life cannot be too bad for anyone enjoying tax exemptions, apartments Hungarians massing near the U.N. Secretariat building in 1960 to protest tlie in fashionable neighborhoods and visit of Ktirushcliev to the U.S., despite strenuous gov't efforts to avoid scenes. parking privileges virtually without limit. In fact, he said, most of these people never had it so good back home, which explains why so many really do not want to go back. "If they really had to leave, they'd be clinging to this place by their fingernails," said a former advisor for public affairs at the U.S. mission. "There wasn't a week that went by that someone who was being trans- ferred from New York didn't call me to ask for a job. At the bottom line, they want to stay." But some who have stayed on re- portedly found life less desirable once they lost that magic diplomatic status. Ironically, the diplomats who en- joy the fewest privileges are the Americans living and working in their own homeland. No tax exemp- tions for them; no duty-free ciga- rettes or liquor, and no special license plates with which to flout traffic laws. In fact, trying to live on a diplomat's salary and entertain in the bargain Anti-Castro demonstrators raised hell in General Assembly gallery last September when Cuban Ambassador Alarcon accused President Nixon of planning Chile revolt. is a definite hardship for all Ameri- cans below the ambassadorial level. turned down offers of an escort after Veteran diplomats have noted that As a result, many junior U.S. diplo- an evening session, taking the subway Baroody, despite his speeches criti- mats have been forced to live in the home alone. Although less than five cizing New^ York, has managed to suburbs and commute considerable feet tall, she said she always traveled unescorted. live here for about 25 years, has an distances to work because they can- Mrs. Emilia C. de Barish, Costa American wife and rarely leaves the not afford to live on the scale of their Rica's alternate delegate and a widow, New York area, even to visit his foreign colleagues. commuted 40 minutes by car from homeland. Apparently what the delegates Westchester where she lived with her say two sons. Most foreign visitors in fact adjust publicly and the opinions they ex- "When I think about drugs and to life in New York even if they press in private vary a good deal. In young people, I worry, of course I do," sometimes do it in odd ways. One 1966, Louis Harris Associates Inc., she said. "But I would have this worry young African wife kept her children conducted a private survey of U.N. everywhere." during particularly delegations. interviewed high Sitting in an East Side apartment, out of school a They 77 Mrs. Amusa Mwanamwambwa, wife of snowy winter for fear that they ranking diplomats in this confidential a Zambian representative, said she would perish in the elements. A New poll and found out a strange thing. often told newcomers from Africa, Yorker who sublet his apartment to There were a number of complaints, "Don't listen to all the bad things you an ambassador from the Far East, mostly about petty matters such as will hear about New York. Make later cabbies. friends. Remember, the door opens both discovered to his horror that rude But the two groups that ways." the floor of his kitchen had been (Continued on page 38)

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • DECEMBER 1973 15 Mark Twain and His Investments

1847, before Sam, who'd been born Besides his Literature, Mark Twain Left us a Legacy on Nov. 30, 1835, was 12 years old. The dying man's last words of Warnings for Amateur Investors and Inventors. were muttered assurances to his wife Jane and his four children—Orion, Pam- By PEGGY ROBBINS ela, Sam and Henry—that the oft- discussed land he owned back in Twain wrote many of his MARK Tennessee would in time bring them works right out of the pages a vast fortune. of his life. His experiences as a boy Sam long believed that the tract of on the Mississippi River, as a printer, 70,000 acres in East Tennessee his as a Mississippi steamboat pilot, as father had bought in 1827 would indeed a semi-comic three-week volunteer make them all rich. It contained copper, iron, coal, timber and oil. But nothing in the Confederate army, as a Nevada came of it while the Clemenses owned miner and newsman and as a world it. Orion, ten years older than Sam, traveler provided the substance of finally sold it off piece by piece for many of his short stories, essays, negligible sums. Only as one of the stage properties of a book and a play novels and critiques. was it of real benefit to anyone. Mark Another theme crops up in his Twain earned $20,000 from the two- writings—-that of people whose lives volume novel "The Gilded Age" and are warped, twisted and even wrecked $75,000 from the play based on it, "Colonel Sellers." Both included the delusions of coming by dreams and Tennessee land wealth dreams he'd into enormous wealth. heard of so often in boyhood. This too is tragically true to his Clemens liked to remark that he'd own life. Both sides of his family had been "a millionaire on paper for ten dreams of wealth by inheritance or whole days" while he was silver min- speculation. His mother's family had ing in Nevada Territory in 1861. He possible claims to an English earl- got his first taste of "sweet money in dom. His father expected millions considerable sums" while he was from land speculation. Nothing came lecturing in California and Nevada of them, and his family lost their in the early 1860's. He adopted the dreams. But he too inherited the name Mark Twain in 1862 as a disease of get-rich-quick delusions $25-a-week reporter for the Virginia and it cost him more than dreams. City, Nev., Territorial Enterprise; He was aware of his folly, for the and it was as Mark Twain that he theme appears repeatedly in such of Sam Clemens (Mark Twain) inherited the lectured. By 1866 his lectures were his writings as "The American Claim- disease of dreaming of enormous riches bringing in as much as $1,600 in a by investing in speculative inventions. ant," "The Gilded Age," "The $30,000 single night. Bequest," and the play "Colonel Sel- These earnings fell on Sam Clem- vices. He invented self-adjusting vest lers." ens out of a clear sky. He had straps, a perpetual calendar watch Yet awareness of a compulsion does bounced around as a journeyman charm, and an assortment of miscel- not cure it. While Mark Twain made printer, switched trades to Missis- laneous contrivances. He devised a money hand-over-fist from his writ- sippi River pilot, and once even shirt requiring no studs, a waistcoat ing and lecturing, his other self, started out to make his fortune pick- designed so as to eliminate the need Samuel Langhorne Clemens, blew ing wild cocoa beans along the of suspenders, a method of casting most of it trying to make it even Amazon (but never got there). Then brass dies for stamping book covers, faster. he'd come to the Nevada mining and a patented scrapbook which he No man wanted to be a multimillion- fields with his brother, Orion, who called, "the only rational scrapbook aire more than Sam Clemens—the was secretary to the territorial gov- Hannibal, Mo., boy who adopted the the world has ever seen." He failed ernor. He mined without luck, then pen name of Mark Twain from the call to profit from any of his inventions. wrote amusing items for the Enter- of the steamboat leadsman announcing He put the scrapbook in the hands of two fathoms of water as being "by the prise. The humorist, Artemus Ward, a friend who was to produce it. mark, twain!" visited the area, talked with Clemens If Sam had been content with Mark When the friend's firm failed, Sam and encouraged him to exploit his Twain's earnings and the quarter of a had to pay $3,000 on a note he'd natural talents as a funnyman. million his bride inherited, he might signed. He have been worth well over a million. began giving humorous lectures. Clemens, all his life, envisioned But Sam Clemens had an obsession for Listeners howled, saying he was speculating in new business ventures, ventures that would furnish "money funnier than Ward. He moved to especially in developing inventions. It in great masses." His father, John California (having gotten into a led him into many troubled years. Marshall Clemens, was a respected Finally, a typesetting machine and his ridiculous quarrel in Nevada involv- lawyer. He was also a chronic and own publishing company led him to ing a duel) and there lectured and disaster—financial, physical and emo- visionary business failure as trader, tional. storekeeper, farmer and land specu- Mark Tw/ain in his later years, after he'd Nothing fascinated Sam more than lator. John Clemens died at the age been through bankruptcy. An A. F. Brad- gadgets, fads, experiments, new de- of 49 in Hannibal, Mo., in March ley photo from Bettmann Archive. >

16 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • DECEMBER 1973

— . .., .,,., "' :;: , :: ,.

CONTINUED FROM PAGE 16 earned since 1866. He seems to have he'd had in mind for himself, though had so little that he thought of himself Investments he wrote to his family that he in- Mark Twain's as being in tight circumstances when he tended to married, though cash was coming in support Livy in the manner papers. wrote wrote for local He fast as sales of "The Innocents Abroad" to which she was accustomed by his "The Celebrated Jumping Frog of soared. He had not yet developed a own efforts. This became difficult expensive living in fact it Calaveras County." When news- habit of — when Jervis Langdon died in August was in association with the Langdons papers reprinted it all over the coun- 1870, six months after the wedding, known. that he got his first impressive look at try, he became nationally people freely spending large sums for and Livy inherited her quarter mil- A California paper sent him to personal pleasure and comfort, and for lion dollars. Hawaii to write travelogue any way civic and charitable purposes. We know Both Livy and Youth were thor- where some of his earnings had gone. he pleased. His accounts delighted oughly unhappy in Buffalo. Generous to a fault, he'd been supply- By March readers. His income and amused ing money to his mother, sister and 1871, they sold their home and Sam's always abetted by lectures that brother, and he'd probably passed out interest in the Express at a loss, and packed houses with laughing people more to speculators and to acquaint- moved to the Langdon family's ances with hard luck stories. —soai'ed. His paper next sent him Quarry Farm near Elmira. It was an In any event, some months before on an around-the-world trip, which unhappy time. On top of Jervis' the wedding, it was agreed that Jervis he shortened to a cruise of the death, a sickly, premature son, Lang- Langdon would lend him $25,000 to Mediterranean and the Holy Land. don, had been born. He was destined Readers were delighted, charmed to die before he was two. A friend and absorbed by his exaggerated dis- of Livy's died of typhoid in the patches about distant places, spiced Clemens' home. Livy was almost in with humor and satire as well as ad- shock. miration. On the ship he met young In the fall of 1871, they moved to Charles Langdon, of Elmira, N.Y., Hartford, Conn., home of a group of who showed him a photo of his sister, writers and publishers whom Sam Olivia. Clemens fell in love with the knew well. He leased a fine house in picture, went to Elmira and fell in the secluded Nook Farm community, love with the girl. While courting where lived prominent political and her—largely by mail—from 1868 to Congregational figures and "social 1870, he wrote "The Innocents progressives," as well as Charles Abroad," based on his recent travels. Dudley Warner, Harriet Beecher It was an instant best seller. Stowe, and two of Mrs. Stowe's sis- There is not the slightest suspicion ters, Mary Beecher Perkins and that Sam married Olivia Langdon in Isabella Beecher Hooker. Isabella's February 1870 (when she was 24 daughter, Alice Day, had long been and he 34) for the quarter million Livy's closest friend. dollars she would someday inherit Before long Livy bought five acres from her father, Jervis Langdon, a of Nook Farm land for $31,000. An wealthy mine owner and coal dealer. architect drew plans for an imposing It was love then, and their love en- Victorian mansion. When completed in 1874 it cost over $70,000—possibly half dured—though it domesticated Sam. ARK .IWAir. ^cRAP a million 1973 dollars. It was three It seems in fact that a quarter |00K. stories high, with varicolored brick million dollars in 1870 money (how patterns inlaid in the outer walls. To- day, it is in good, restored condition. The upper floors swept like boat decks United States Patent OFFICE. r.:^"^;ra?-""' DIRECTIONS MARK TWAIN'S MEMORY-BOILDEB. SAMUEL h. CLEMEN'S, OF HAUTFOED, COXXF-CTICUT. A Came for Acquirino and ReTAtNiNC All Sorts of FACTS a«d DATES* IMPROVEMENT IN ADJUSTABLE AND DETACHABLE STRAPS FOR GARMENTS.

• — : : Speclflcatton forDiing puit of J^tttiti PitU-nt Ko. V2l,V.H, dnled DewmbL-r 19. 1071. 26 : 76 ; '^TioH 77°'° Sttles. 2: : : : ; 27 ; : : : : „ 62 ; ; ° ° 3 ::!iT'I'°'° 2#ii"fi~: ^8°" lii M°iT many millions today?) was hardly become a part owner and one of the il ittV,'~' 2§i tttt "f9° I ft worth marrying for. The kind of editors of the Buffalo Express. ° ° 6 1 °i fiflr' h^iWrl I 80 tl money Sam dreamed of you didn't The newlyweds went to Buffalo on °' a ; I ;iiT"° 31 : : : ; : 'M'ltt count, you measured it by the freight a special train with an assortment of 32 : : : : ; M~Vt t car. called her "Livy," un- relatives and friends along. To Sam's Sam 8 ; : : : : 38 : : ; : ; 88 : : 88"; f ; in doubtedly it rhymes with divvy. She surprise, the couple was installed 84 : ; ; : : 6& i::

always called him "Youth," about as a luxurious home, completely fur- 86 : : : : : 60 : ; 85 ; : s ; :

i i 36° ° pet a name as you can imagine for a nished and staffed with servants, it : : : : T7^ ; : : ; 0 ~Mi"l I 86 ; ; • - red-mustached man ten years her all being Jervis Langdon's wedding 12 : s : ; : 37 ; : . 62 ; ; Mfff

18° ° • senior, tumbled, red, curly hair. gift. : : : ; 38 ; : ; : 88 lilt: with °" 39° 89° ft^fi I ; : : : J 64 ; ; S ; ; Livy was a beautiful fragile creature Sam had had more modest plans. il : ; : 65 90° with dark hair and eyes and a calm, "I had made my household arrange- '.tt ; : ; s ;

16 : : : : : „ 41 : : ; : : . 66 : : ; ; : 91 cameo face. "Youth" had quite a ments through a friend," he said. "I \ lit 'ii I'l I :~rr^ : : : : : 67 ; : : : ; 92llltt , reputation as a hard-drinl<:ing, hard- had instructed him to find a board- 1 18 „ 43 : : : ; s 68 lltlt . 93 ; : swearing, quick-tempered Westerner, ing-house of as respectable a charac- i9'!iiTH""' 44 s ; 2 : : „ 9i tit who smoked a dozen cigars a day. He ter as my light salary as editor would 20 : ; : : ; 48 ; : ? : : 70 : 2 ; ; ; „ 95 tint often drawled that he limited himself command." A« O o u U 1 •>1 O » 0 • . . 0 . objection to to one cigar at a time. But Clemens had no Some of Twain's speculations, There is little known about what an attempted transition from poor inventions and patents—on Sam had done with the money he'd man to rich man. It was just what most of wliich tie lost money.

18 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • DECEMBER 1973 in their lives raising mules at a big profit. They blew the proceeds on a sugar speculation, bankrupting them- selves and their families. "The Gilded Age" was in part family history, but it also proved to be personal proph- ecy. In the next quarter century, Sam Clemens' extravagance, gener- osity, folly, speculation and mis- management separated him from more money than Mark Twain's fictitious characters ever owned. Sam simply could not keep pace with his developing "needs." He con- tinued to live beyond his means and to dream of "cascading millions of golden dollars." Olivia Susan, Sam's favorite daughter "Susy," was born in 1872, and Clara Langdon was born in 1874. Clemens had taken over the major responsibility of supporting his mother, widowed sister Pamela, brother Orion and Orion's wife. (Sam's younger brother Henry had been killed in a steamboat explosion in 1858.) He settled his relatives in the East for a time. His mother and sister and the sister's children lived in Fredonia, N.Y., for several years, supported largely by him. Later, he moved them back to the Mississippi valley. In 1875 and 1876 he sank $6,000 into a poultry farm for Orion, only to have Orion abandon the ven- ture just as he had several previous ones. Later, Sam bought his mother a house in Keokuk, Iowa, which she shared with Orion. For the remainder Clemens paid an inventor to develop an efficient steam engine. The man spent more than he paid him on whiskey, Sam said, while a teapot could beat the engine. of their lives, he sent his mother and Orion each a monthly check for $100. from the stairwell in the formal front Twain portrayed them as generous She lived until 1890, Orion until 1897. hall. house had 19 large rooms, five The but foolish, misguided people whose These pressures coincided with the baths, a music room, billiard room, weaknesses were preyed upon by most productive period of the author's porches, balconies, gables and towers. life. By the early 1880's, Mark Twain There was much carved woodwork, shrewder operators. Some had noth- made ever larger sums from his lec- and almost every room had a marble ing to invest, but wasted their lives tui-es. articles and books. In 1876, "The fireplace. About $22,000 went into its hoping to fall into riches. Some, like Adventures of Tom Sawyer" was pub- ornate furnishings, which included the Clemens, sent good money after bad. lished. In 1880, "A Tramp Abroad" most expensive of everything, from came out, and in 1881 "The Prince and grand piano to Tiffany glass. The The Colonel and the Judge, for in- the Pauper." In 1883, he published money to build, furnish, landscape and stance, made the only honest fortune "Life on the Mississippi" and in 1885, maintain the estate and to staff it with "The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn." seven servants came partially from Mark Twain's books and lectures and As Twain's money rolled in, Sam- inheritance. MAHK TWAIN'S FAIIiTTBE. partially from Livy's uel Clemens "invested" it in schemes Talk time Tvi^ain re- of the Street—Some Bumora Set he expected to turn into mil- At no had Mark Klgh.t. him a laxed from his lectures and writing. The announcement In yesterday's lionaire many times over. Literature "The Innocents Abroad," published "Courant" of the assignment of Mark was more and more a source of in- in 1869, was bringing Twain $1,400 Twain's publishing house of Charles L. vestment capital for inventions that a month by 1870. Through the years Webster & Co., caused a great deal of would spout "rivers of silver." Sam talk about town, yesterday. The ex- it earned him $300,000. "Roughing never denied that he was "carried pres§!lons of sympathy and regret are It"—a travelogue of the West written universal, for Mr. Clemens, as a citizen away by gold's glitter." He said he from memory—came out in 1872 and of Hartford, has made a host of friends did not wish to write any book "un- here, and his hospitality, has been pro- was immediately successful. verbial. less there is money in it, and a great "The Gilded Age," written in col- So many idle and unfounded stories deal of money." were in circulation that it seems proper laboration with Charles Dudley War- to say, by authority, that the beautiful His speculative ventures ranged ner, was published in 1873. It is family residence of the Clemenses on from vineyards to the manufacture Farmlngton avenue, in this city, is and entirely characters of history in the almost about who always has been the property of Mrs. games. He invested behaved toward investments just as Clemens. The land was bought and the development of patents varying from hou^e built out of the private fortune Sam did. These include Colonel Sel- grape scissors to a spiral hat pin. In which was her own inheritance. lers, Judge Hawkins, Washington 1881, he handled an income of about Hawkins, Brierly and several in an era with no income Henry The Hartford Courant notes the failure $105,000 lesser characters. Without fail, Mark of Twain's publishing venture in 1894. tax. Some $5,000 went into conserva-

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • DECEMBER 1973 19 —

When Clemens brought some prospective wealthy inves- had broken it down into hundreds of parts. Clemens tors to see his typesetting machine work, inventor Paige went into a chronic rage as the investors departed.

CONTINUED FROM PAGE 19 a man I had long detested and whose pulled was $32,000 out of his pocket. Some other "foolproof schemes that Mark Twain's Investments family I desired to ruin." turned out to be just foolish" were in- Clemens kept Charlie Webster on volved in a new method of marine tive investments. About $30,000 went as a sort of business manager, and in telegraphy, a new-type cash register, for remodeling the Hartford home. 1885 formed the Charles L. Webster and an insurance business he helped "The house is full of carpenters and Publishing Company, mainly for the underwrite. He lost $23,000 on the last alone. decorators; whereas, what we really purpose of publishing the Mark need here is an incendiary," Sam Twain books. Sam later bitterly re- There was one important specula- commented in a letter. "Most of the gretted putting Charlie, who was to- tion that Sam successfully resisted household expenses and entertain- tally inexperienced in publishing, in or so he said. He claimed that on a ment" were taken care of with charge of the new company. day when he lent an acquaintance into that $24,000. About $46,000 went Soon, Clemens bought another pat- $5,000 on a scheme went broke "doubtful investments." ent. In eight months he lost $10,000 on in three days, he turned down an The major investment of 1881 was it. He went on to finance a steam agent who tried to press him into Kaolotype, a chalk engraving proc- generator which, according to its in- buying stock in a thing called the tel- ventor, "would get out 99 percent of ess. Clemens bought the patent for eplaone, developed by a fellow named all the steam energy that was in a $15,000, and then spent $500 a pound of coal." Clemens wrote later, Alexander Graham Bell. Clemens month trying to develop it. He hired "I hired the inventor to build the ma- was the first person in the world to his 28-year-old nephew-by-marriage, chine on a salary of $35 a week, I to have a telephone in a private home, pay all expenses. It took him a good Charles L. Webster, to take charge of but he said he saw nothing in it as a many weeks to build the thing. He Kaolotype at a salary of $1,500 a visited me every few days to report moneymaker. year, and moved Webster from Fre- progress and I early noticed by his A dry-goods clerk in Hartford did donia to New York City, where ef- breath and gait that he was spending buy some of the telephone stock, $36 a week on whisky, and I couldn't forts to perfect the engraving process Sam noted, investing his entire for- ever find out where he got the other were going on. Charlie Webster, the dollar." tune of $5,000. The Clemenses went husband of Sam's sister's daughter Sam abandoned the generator after to Europe in April 1878. Sam said Annie, had been a sort of jack-of- he had sunk $5,000 in it. "It did save that the first thing he saw on their one percent of the steam that was in a all-trades in Fredonia. He threw all return 14 months later was "that pound of coal but . . . you could do that his energies into his new job, but with a teakettle." clerk driving around in a sumptuous couldn't make the Kaolotype process Now Clemens bought stock in a barouche with liveried servants all Hartford steam pulley company that work effectively, much less pay off. over it—and his telephone stock was would "revolutionize everything." He Clemens lost emptying greenbacks into his prem- When Sam had $42,000 later admitted that what the pulley on Kaolotype, he gave the patent "to Drawings by James Flora (Continued on page 41)

20 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • DECEMBER 1973 . , .

Dateline Washington

PRESIDENT'S "EMERGENCY LAWS." MORE MEN HEAD PUBLIC SCHOOLS. HOME-PLAYGROUND HAZARDS.

In the midst of the perennial-and current As Americans moved to the suburbs , their —battle between Congress and the President demand for backyard playgrounds grew, over their respective constitutional powers which, in turn, created a new list of perils and prerogatives sight has been lost of the for children at home. fact that over the past 40 years the Chief Latest survey by the U.S. Consumer Product Executive has some 470 laws he can Invoke in Safety Commission indicates that some 53,000 time of "emergency." kids were hurt by home playground equipment Rediscovery of the immense authority to act over the past year. The leading villains of under a state of national emergency, which the outdoor recreational accidents are has accumulated to the Vfhlte House beginning swings and swing sets, according to the with the Administration of Franklin Delano Commission, accounting for seven out of ten Roosevelt in 1933, was made by a special injury-causing mishaps. Slides, climbing Senate subcommittee. apparatus and seesaws are involved in most After a year's intensive study the sub- of the other disabling Incidents. committee concluded that among other laws, The typical accident victim in the home the United States is operating under national playground, an analysis of the statistics emergency statutes which confer almost shows, is a youngster of five to nine. Most of dictatorial power to the Presidency, of the injuries affect the child' s neck or head. which only a few have been put into effect Some of the accidents have brought about The subcommittee called on Congress to scrap permanent injury and even death. Main cause the emergency laws in order to prevent the of the mishaps are horseplay, standing too possibility of some future President trying near rides in motion, and pushing and shov- to place the United States under authoritar- ing. ian rule. PEOPLE & QUOTES KISSINGER ON PEACE FBI REACTS

". . . . . will strive . Peace we "Let's be honest with our- not just for a pragmatic solu- selves. Most of the substan- Public school j obs, once predominately tion . . . but to recognize that tive changes we have made filled by women, are increasingly being America has never been true as a profession in recent dec- taken over by men, especially at the higher to itself unless it meant some- ades have been dictated by thing beyond itself." Henry administration levels, according to a survey external pressures." Clarence Kissinger, Sec'y of State. Kelley, FBI Director. made public here by the National Education UNEQUAL MONEY Association. "All money income in- UP TO CONGRESS It used to be, in the 50' s, that in the creases are commonly re- "The future of the country elementary schools, some 56% of the princi- garded as barely suiScient to lies with Congress—and in keep pace . . . just desserts, many ways it could do a lot pal's posts were held by women. Today, 80% ." whereas price increases tend better job. . . Sen. William of these administrative jobs are filled by to be regarded as extortions. B. Saxbe, (Ohio).

. . ." Herbert Stein, Presi- men, although the teachers are 85% females. JUDICIAL ROAD In the high schools, the principals have dential Economic Advisor. DOUBTS FOOD DOOMSDAY "If we want to improve the long been drawn from the male educators. administration of justice in "Scare predictions that this country, we must try Even so, over the past two decades, the per- agriculture cannot adequately some things that some law- centage of women principals fell from 6% to produce enough food and yers and judges may not find 2% fiber for expanding world convenient or agreeable. . . . demand continue to be One reason for the loss of woman-power in Chief Justice Warren E, Bur- wrong." J. Phil Campbell, ger. public education is the closing down over Agriculture Under Sec'y- the last 15 years of some 60,000 small rural SPACE COMMONPLACE ENERGY ETHIC elementary schools, traditionally run by "It's not that this nation "Energy: waste not, want women. The survey suggests that bias against has become blase. . . . It's just not. We Americans need to women, despite the legal ban against such that space has become com- engrave that message on our monplace—like the automo- consciousness forever." John discrimination, is another key factor in the bile." Christopher Kraft, di- K. Tabor, Commerce Under low percentage. rector, Johnson Space Center. Sec'y.

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • DECEMBER 1973 21 WASHINGTON Opposing Views by Congressmen on Tlie Question . . PRO & CON •

SHOULD THE U. S. PULL

BELIEVE that the United States should withdraw an organization, we abdi- I from the United Nations. cate our responsibility in Over the years, there have been many reasons world leadership. By be- cited on behalf of withdrawal. I could point to the ing the majority financial disproportionate expense borne by the United supporter, we are indulg- States, both in mandatory dues, and in voluntary ing in masochism. But contributions, over the years. I could point to the worst of all, we are pre- disproportionate power wielded by the Soviet and paring the way for even Socialist countries as against that of the free world. greater absurdities, great- I could point to the disproportionate influence of er insults and greater the mini-nations that all have one vote in the Gen- flight from reality. eral Assembly, just as good as ours. I could point to As Americans, we be- Sen. Jesse Helms the three votes granted to the U.S.S.R. in the Gen- lieve in One Nation, Un- (R-N.C.) eral Assembly, three times as good as ours. der God. It is a principle But 1 will point to none of these things. that is contradictory to the concept of many nations I could get indignant at the massive incapacity of under the delusion that peace is achieved in the the U.N. to act when India invaded Goa. I could be- Tower of Babel. Diverse moral, social, economic, come disturbed over the U.N.'s failure to abide by and philosophical opinions cannot be united on the the World Court decision on South West Africa. I basis of one nation one vote. Man cannot be made could wax wroth over the U.N.'s attempt to deny perfect. It would be far better to recognize our limi- independence to Rhodesia. tations and pull out of the U.N. at once. The day But these are symptoms of a deeper and more ma- when we could cling to outdated illusions about "the lignant malaise. Parliament of Man" is long since gone. It is time to We get closer to the truth when we observe the recognize the complexities of the modern world and replacement of Free China by Red China in this act fairly and faithfully according to the high ideals body of allegedly peace-loving nations. An organi- of our sovereign independence. zation which would do so has no principles of con- sistency or sincerity. It flows not in the stream of history, but in the falling tide of freedom. The principle that every nation is as important as every other nation is so far from reason and com- mon sense that it threatens the quality of our lead- ership. It is an utterly grotesque distortion of inter- national power relationships when the U.N. dares to intervene in the domestic affairs of the United States by convening a Security Council meeting in Panama City to demand the surrender of U.S. sov- ereignty in the Canal Zone. By participating in such

If you wish to let your Congressman or one of your Senators know how you feel on this

22 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • DECEMBER 1973 OUT OF THE UNITED NATIONS ? "NO" dwindling natural resources and find ourselves in THE ANSWER is 3 defi- nite and unequivocal the midst of an energy crisis. "No." The advocates of With the U.N. serving as a catalyst, the world has YTWk - such an effort are engag- come to recognize that if our planet is to survive, ing in a very irresponsi- there must be broad international cooperation in ble and simple view of a solving the problems of environmental degradation, complex and much-need- inefficient use of our resources, hunger, poverty, ed international institu- illiteracy, overpopulation and inadequate food pro- tion. As a Senate delegate duction. This spirit of international cooperation is to the 27th U.N. General beginning to produce positive results. Assembly, I gained a We are presently in an era of widespread cyni- greater appreciation for cism about all institutions. If, indeed, the U.N. is also Sen. Gale W. McGee the object of this cynicism, it is no more so than the (D-Wyo.) the institution, as well as a more sophisticated rec- U.S. Congress, the U. S. government, or any govern- ment, for that matter. point is this: to ognition of its weaknesses. Yet, I am firmly con- My We have vinced that the U.N. must be made more effective devote our efforts to making all our institutions and the United States must play an active and con- work more effectively, be it the Congress, our gov- structive role in this process. ernment or the U.N. So, rather than call for the dis- solution of the United Nations, or a of The crucial point is that the United States cannot withdrawal live in isolation from the rest of the world. The in- U.S. participation, all of us have to shoulder our re- ternational community has become too interdepen- sponsibilities and dedicate our efforts to making all dent for us to survive a withdrawal from participa- our institutions more effective. tion in solving major economic, political and social In conclusion, criticism of our institutions is in- problems of the world. We have found these prob- deed healthy, especially when constructive alterna- tives are offered. However, the critics of the United lems affect us all. We also have found that we need a viable supranational institution to deal with these Nations have yet to propose such an alternative, and problems, and the U.N. represents the key in these therein lies the weakness of their claims. efforts. All too often we read about the failures of the U.N. Yet, the organization's positive accomplish- ments provide the foundation for the future stabil- ity and prosperity of the world. For example, the U.N. Development Program surveys have turned up mineral deposits of over $13 billion in value, most of which have been discovered in the developing nations. The United States has a direct national in-

terest in this program as we are confronted with I have read in The American Legion Magazine for De- cember the arguments in PRO & CON: Should The U.S. Pull Out Of The United Nations?

IN MY OPINION THE ANSWER TO THIS QUESTION IS: YES NO

SIGNED issue, fill out the "ballot" and mail it to him. ^ ADDRESS

TOWN STATE_

You can address any Representative c/o U.S. House of Representatives, Wash- ington, D.C. 20515; any Senator c/o U.S. Senate, Washington, D.C. 20510.

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • DECEMBER 1973 23 Good NewsFrom Your American NOW LEGIONNAIRES CAN

Now your American Legion Life Insurance Plan offers you that no benefit is payable for death as a result of war, or any , a lifetime of protection! Not just until you're 65, 70 or even act of war, if the cause of death occurs while serving, ori 75— but real lifetime protection. within six months after termination of service, in the military, As a concerned family man, you have a responsibility to naval or air forces of any country or combination of your loved ones to give them the best protection you can af- countries. ford. But the high cost of supporting your family comfortably HOW YOU CAN QUALIFY: You are eligible to apply for up may not leave much money to devote to insurance needs. to FOUR Units of protection, as shown at right, if you are a So you have to carefully choose the best protection you can Legionnaire in good standing and under the age of 70. Just t get for your insurance dollar. fill out the Enrollment Form at right, and mail it with the That's why The American Legion Life Insurance Plan proper premium. Subject to satisfactory health and In- makes such good sense. For only $24 per unit per year. surance Company approval, your protection begins the first Legionnaire protection can increase your life in- Add-On of the month following the date your Enrollment Form is surance estate by up to $40,000, depending on your age. It received by the Administrator. You'll automatically get could mean a college education for your kids, or save your renewal notices before the end of each year to remind you family's home by protecting your mortgage. But no matter to continue your valuable protection. how the benefits are used, it helps provide solid protection FOR A LIMITED PERIOD FORMER PLAN MEMBERS for your family when they need it most. OVER AGE 75 MAY APPLY LIFETIME BENEFITS: Since the Plan's inception in 1958, Legionnaire families FOR If your coverage terminated for no reason other than attain- have collected nearly $15 million in benefits. The Plan ment of age 75, you may now apply for life-time benefits. currently pays out nearly $2 million a year to families like But you must apply before February 28, 1974. You may ap- your own. And now protection can last a lifetime— and at the ply for only as many units as previously held. Details of same cost of $24 per unit per year. you any medical treatment for certain illnesses you have had in It all adds up to big money peace of mind for only pennies the past three years will requested. a day. Check the benefits below to see how the plan can be work for you. Of course, you must still be a member in good standing of The American Legion. Mail the coupon at right for a special ITS AN ADD-ON PLAN: The American Legion Life In- enrollment application. surance Plan pays in addition to any life insurance you now have: it is not meant to replace any of your existing policies. ATTENTION CURRENT PLAN MEMBERS: Effective Your American Legion Life Insurance Plan protects you fully January 1, 1974, protection under the Plan no longer ceases even when flying in commercial or military aircraft and while at age 75—coverage may be carried for life as long as you on active duty with the Armed Forces. The only restriction is pay your premiums.

HERE ARE YOUR AMERICAN LEGION LIFE INSURANCE PLAN BENEFITS Amount paid determined by age at death

FOUR UNITS THREE UNITS TWO UNITS ONE UNIT HALF UNIT Age at Death (Total Coverage (Total Coverage (Total Coverage (Total Coverage (Total Coverage D'.ring 1974) During 1974) During 1974) During 1974) During 1974)

through Age 29 $40,000 $30,000 $20,000 $10,000 $5,000 30-34 32,000 24,000 16,000 8,000 4,000 35-44 18,000 13,500 9,000 4,500 2,250 45-54 8,800 6,600 4,400 2,200 1,100 55-59 4,800 3,600 2,400 1,200 600 60-64 3,200 2,400 1,600 800 400 65-69 2,000 1,500 1,000 500 250 * 70-74 1,320 990 660 330 165 *75-over 1,000 750 500 250 125

* No persons, age 70 or over (including those already insured) will be accepted for new insurance.

Legionnaires who were terminated for no reason other than attainment of age 75 nnay apply for a limited time only. See details above.

24 THE Af^ERICAN LEGION IVIAGAZINE • DECEMBER 1973 Legion Life Insurance Plan CONTINUE THEIR PROTECTION THE OFFICIAL AMERICAN LEGION FOR UFE! LIFE INSURANCE PLAN

IMPORTANT FEATURES

*• • All Legion Members under age 70 may apply Choose any number of units ... up to 4 full units • Once you qualify, coverage under the Plan may be continued for life . . . regardless of changes

in your health . . . unless the group policy terminates or you cease to be a member in good standing

• This is the only life insurance plan offically approved by The American Legion in all states.

HOW TO ENROLL ENROLLMENT CARD FOR YEARLY RENEWABLE TERM LIFE INSURANCE FOR MEMBERS OF THE AMERICAN LEGION 1. Type or print required information on Enroltment Form. Be sure to answer all Full Name Birth Date questions and Indicate the number of Last First Middle Mo. Day Year Units desired by checking the ap- propriate box. Permanent Residence Street No. City State Zip

2. See chart for amount of premium to Name of Beneficiary_ Relationship. send with your enrollment. Make check Example: Print "Helen Louise Jones," Not "Mrs. H. L. Jones" or money order payable to: The American Legion Life Insurance Plan. Membership Card No- Year Post No._ State_

1 apply for the amount of insurance indicated below, (check appropriate box or boxes). 3. IF YOU LIVE IN FLA., ILL. N.J., N.Y.. 4 Units 3 Units 2 Units 1 Unit Vz Unit N.C., O,, P R., TEX., or Wl. or if you are applying as a previously insured mem- ber who was terminated only because The following representations shall form a basis for the Insurance Company's approval or rejection of this of attainment of age 75, mail the enrollment: Answer all questions. coupon for special Enrollment/Ap- 1. Present occupation? Are you now actively working? plication form. Benefit and policy

Yes No, give reason . provisions may vary slightly in these No If areas. 2. Have you been confined in a hospital within the last year? No Yes If Yes, give date. length of stay and cause. 4. If you live in Idaho, this offer does not apply; mail coupon for special 3. During the last five years, have you ever had heart disease, circulatory disease, kidney disease, liver brochure. disease, lung disease, diabetes, or cancer, or have you received treatment or medication for high blood

pressure or alcoholism? No Yes If yes, give details 5. Mail the Enrollment and Premium to: The American Legion Life Insurace

Plan, P. O. Box 6609, Chicago. ILL, I represent that, to the best of my knowledge, all statements and answers recorded on this enrollment card 60680. are true and complete. I agree that this enrollment card shall be a part of any insurance granted upon it

under the policy. I authorize any physician or other person who has attended or examined me, or who may attend or examine me, to disclose or to testify to any knowledge thus acquired. Legionnaires who already own one, two or three units may apply for additional Signature of units to mal

Legionnaires who were terminated for no reason other than attainment of age 75 may apply for a limited time only.

Amount of Premium to Mail with your Enrollment Please send me an enrollment/application form for Month AMOUNTS TO BE REMITT::D FOR: Enrollment The American Legion Life Insurance Plan. Card Signed 4 Units 3 Units 2 Units 1 Unit Vi Unit

January $88 $66 $44 $22 $11 name- -age- February 80 60 40 20 10 address- March 72 54 36 18 9 city -state- -zip. April 64 48 32 16 8

May 56 42 28 14 7 If you are over age 75, and are applying for the new June 48 36 24 12 6 lifetime benefits, please include your old policy or cer- I tificate number: , July 40 30 20 10 5 August 32 I 24 16 8 4 Mail to: The American Legion Life Insurance Plan September 24 18 12 6 3 P.O. Box 5609 Chicago, Illinois 60680 I October 16 12 8 4 2 November 8 6 4 2 1 DO NOT SEND MONEY WITH THIS COUPON I December 96 72 43 24 12 1273 J

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • DECEMBER 1973 25 LIFE IN THE OUTDOORS or it might suddenly become serious. First they determine the allergen causing it by using various tests, and Outdoor Allergies then in most cases they can immunize you to it by injecting you with small doses of it. Or you can take the easiest ALLERGIES are common afflictions. Sta- in autumn not only from ragweed and way out; just avoid coming in contact that over two-thirds of goldenrod but also from thistle tistics show and with the allergen, unless it is airborne suffer from them in (in the West) from tumbleweed. our population A in which case it might be impossible mold allergy is varying degrees. And the outdoors- similar to hay fever. to avoid. For temporary relief, there man is included. In fact, on his hunt- But both, if not treated medically, can are drugs which will relieve the symp- ing, fishing and camping junkets he is lead to asthma which is considerably toms to make you more comfortable; exposed to more causes of allergies more dangerous. they're called anti-histamines and (substances called allergens) than he Allergens in animals are called there are many kinds including pills would be if he'd stayed at home. And danders. These are tiny airborne parti- and sprays. The two commonest are some of these are quite unique. An cles which come from the animal's pyribenzamine and henadryl. angler on a trout stream suddenly skin and from its dried saliva after it (For further information consult Al- starts sneezing, his eyes water, his has licked itself. They can also be lergy Foundation of America, 801 nose runs. Hay fever? No, he's allergic acquired by contact and their effect Second Ave., N.Y., N.Y. 10017.) to the caddis fly or May fly. A bird is similar to hay fever. They may shooter leaves his pointer at home and cause you to be allergic not only to FOR DRY FEET this winter, wear a shoots over his friend's Labrador specific breeds of dogs (and cats) but pair of nylon socks under an outer retriever, develops the same symp- also to horses, chickens, skunks or pair of woolen socks, suggests E. Sim- toms. Not hay fever, he's allergic to even to those quail in your game bag mons of Chicago, 111. Perspiration will Labradors but not pointers. The or that big deer on your car top. You pass through the nylon and be ab- chemicals in the rubber of a pair of can be allergic to black files but not sorbed by the wool, leaving the nylon waders may cause hives on an angler's mosquitoes, or vice-versa. In defense dry against your skin. Will keep your legs. The treated leather in a hunter's you might use a bug repellent and be feet warmer, too. new boots may cause a rash on his allergic to that, too. You can be al- feet and, amazingly, also give him the lergic to dyes; you might be able to A CHILD'S toy rake in your camping symptoms of hay fever. wear a red hunting shirt without gear will make it easier and quicker Outdoor allergies reveal themselves getting a body rash but not a brown to clean up your campsite, reports Pat in many ways—rashes, sneezing, itch- one. If you're allergic to penicillin, you Juenemann of Clements, Minn. Or ing, stomach pains, sometimes even can grasp a boat rod that has previ- use a regular rake and cut the handle swelling of the bronchial tubes. Com- ously been used by an angler who had down to size for easy packing. mon causes are the airborne allergens taken a penicillin pill or used the such as molds (when you're fishing or ointment, and your hands will itch BOTHERED with mice and woods hunting in damp, humid areas such as like fury and blow up like ballons. rats around your camp? H. W. Will- swamps or marshes) and pollen. Hay The situation isn't as gloomy as it hoite of Portland, Ore., has the solu- fever is not seasonal. On an ice-fishing may appear, however. Nobody is al- tion. He covers a couple of slices of trip you might get it from the pollen lergic to everything. Hay fever is the bread with peanut butter and pegs of fir or cedar trees; on a spring trout most common affliction. But if you them down about twenty-five feet stream from the pollen of oak, maple, notice you have a recurring allergy, away. He says they draw the critters birch and other trees; in a woodchuck no matter how simple, doctors advise like bees to honey. meadow from grass and flower pollen; you to have it attended to immediately WHEN scaling fish, Conrad Fiorillo of Brooklyn, N.Y., slips an old pair of nylon stockings over his arms and sleeves. Then the dried scales come off easily; all he has to do is remove the stockings.

TO BOIL eggs and brew coffee at the same time for her camp breakfast, Mrs. S. Clark of Bradenton, Fla., puts the eggs in a plastic bag and hangs them in the coffee pot. When the eggs are done, she just lifts out the bag.

BOAT noises scare fish. Ben Tiedtke of Saugerties, N.Y. recommends cover- ing the floor of your boat or canoe with a section of indoor-outdoor carpet- ing. It will muffle most sounds.

WE'RE reminded by Stephen Clayton of Louisville, Ky., of an important fact to remember when traveling. All East- West highways of the U. S. Interstate Highway System are even numbered, such as U.S. 42. North-South highways are odd-numbered, such as U.S. 65.

If you have a helpful idea for this feature send it in. If we can use it we'll pay you $5.00. However, we cannot acknowledge, re- turn, or enter into correspondence concern- ing contributions. Address: Outdoor Editor, The American Legion Magazine, 1345 Ave- nue of the Americas, New York, N.Y. 10019.

26 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • DECEMBER 1973 A DIGEST OF EVENTS WHICH VETERANS NEWSLETTER ARE OF PERSONAL INTEREST TO YOU

DECEMBER 1973

LEGION CALLS FOR ACTION ON For example, California with a well- VETERANS PENSION LEGISLATION: developed public higher education system her Though Congress had not taken action as (free or low cost) attracted 37% of veterans to college while New Jersey with of presstime on legislation to improve veterans disability and death pension and a poorly developed (not at all low cost) public education system attracted only 17% Die paid to dependent parents. Legion . . conclusion is legislative workers were hopeful for some of her veterans. The obvious: veteran can make it through action this month before the Christmas A college (or other higher education) if his recess. . . At last report the lawmakers available dollars come close to paying the were still divided as to how the pension freight. . . Otherwise, forget it. . . Thus, laws should be improved. . . The Senate side though both vets fought in the same war, was seeking a 10% across-the-board increase an accident of geographic dispersion pre- plus a $400 boost in income limitations. . . vents one from getting the same end-benefit The House version calls for a $13.00 raise as the other. to each group of pensioners but no increase As Cmdr Eaton concluded in his letter to in income limits. . . The Legion's position the Veterans Affairs Committee: "The cost is that increases in income limits are of veterans education is an investment in necessary in that they help keep pensioners the future that experience shows will be somewhere near the survival level which is repaid many times in the next two decades. constantly changing due to inflation. . . Vietnam Era veterans have given important The upcoming Social Security increase years of their lives in honorable service in 1974 alone will cause new crises for some to their country. A tangible expression of pensioners. . . A boost in income limits for this service will help mitigate that effect. our Nation's gratitude will be to provide them with full oppor- LEGION PRESSES FOR TUITION PAYMENTS, tunity to obtain the education and training INCREASED SUBSISTENCE AND A LOAN necessary for them to become productive PROGRAM FOR COLLEGE BOUND VIET VETS: and contributing members of our society." The Legion's continuing quest for educational bene- LEGION URGES STRONG NAT'L DEFENSE IN increased and equitable TESTIMONY TO CONGRESSIONAL COMMITTEE: fits for Vietnam Era veterans was given new impetus in a recent letter from Nat'l The brief flare-up of U.S. -Soviet Cmdr Robert E. L. Eaton to the members of the tensions during the Middle East Conflict

House Veterans Affairs Committee. . . In and the ensuing world-wide alert to it Cmdr Eaton reiterated the Legion's call American armed forces in late October for payment of tuition up to $1,000 for pointed up the Legion's policy on national Viet era vets, plus an increase in sub- security as exemplified in testimony made sistence allowance and institution of a just a few days earlier before the Sub- program of VA insured and direct student committee on Defense of the House Committee loans. . . Said the Cmdr: "The Vietnam on Appropriations. . . At that time, Legion veteran should receive educational as- Nat'l Security Director James R. Wilson, sistance comparable with the veterans of Jr., presented 24 resolutions adopted at prior wars. Anything less is a breach of the Legion's 55th National Convention faith with these young veterans who have which served as the base of Legion national suffered so much as a result of service to security and defense policy. . . Said Mr. their country." Wilson: "While we applaud responsible moves Comparatively speaking, today's vets toward a more peaceful world, we are also receive total federal educational benefits realists who know that an American position roughly equal to only the monthly sub- of strength is the only atmosphere in which sistence payments of their WW2 counter- these steps can genuinely achieve peace. parts. . . The disparity in current The military balance is at best precariously educational benefits based on subsistence poised at this time. To visibly and uni- alone is even more pronounced when the laterally reduce our defense posture at veteran resident of a state with a poorly this critical period in our nation' s history developed state system of colleges figures would be a step backward in our mutual out how short a distance his available goal of a lasting world peace." . . . The education dollars take him as contrasted Soviet troop-movement-to-Egypt threat gave with that of his brother veteran in a state new emphasis to those words. with a good community college system. . . Main points covered in the Legion testi-

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • DECEMBER 1973 27 ,

CONTINUED VETERANS NEWSLETTER

mony urged the appropriation of sufficient EDUCATIONAL BENEFITS PROVIDED funds to expedite the development of the FOR CHILDREN OF POW-MIA'S AT B-1 bomber, the Minuteman III missiles, STATE INSTITUTIONS IN 36 STATES the Trident system, and air The Nat'l POW-MIA Scholarship Program superiority fighters for the Air Force and reports that 36 states now have legislation Navy. subsidizing in various degrees tuition in Nat'l Cmdr Robert E. L. Eaton also sent state schools for the children of telegrams to the Senate Armed Services Prisoners-of-War and Missing-in-Action

Committee and other key members of the servicemen. . . They are: Ala., Alaska, Senate urging their support for the Ark., Colo., Conn., Fla. , Ga., Idaho, Cal., National Security mandates. . . The main 111., Ind., Iowa, Kans., Ky. , La., Maine, core of Legion policy in this area is that Md., Mass., Miss., Neb., Nev. , N.H., N.Y. America's greatest safeguard to freedom N.C., N.D., Ohio, Okla. , Penn., R.I., S.C., is a strong national defense. . . Only by S.D., Tenn. , Tex., Va. , Wash., and Wyo. retaining our position as the world's lead- The following states have not yet acted: ing military power can we remain free and Del., Hawaii, Minn., Mont., N.M., Ore., safe from nuclear attack. . . The Legion's Utah, Vt., W. Va., and Wis. belief is that "parity" in national defense Legislation is pending in Ariz., Mich., is not enough. Mo., N.J., and the District of Columbia.

THIRTEEN STATES, ONE TERRITORY NOW VETERAN OFFER BONUSES TO VIETNAM ERA VETS: POPULATION OVER 29 MILLION: The Veterans Administration reports There are now 13 states and one territory there are more than 29 million living which have authorized bonus payments to veterans in the civilian population. . . its Vietnam Era veterans. . . Iowa and With dependents and survivors, they com- the Territory of Guam are the newest. . . In prise nearly half of the U. S. popula- Iowa, up to $500 will be paid service tion. . . The largest segment of the veteran personnel who were legal residents of the population is the 14 million WW2 group of state at least six months prior to duty ex-servicemen and women, . . Until now, over and who served in the Vietnam area between 43 million veterans have participated in July 1958 and June 1973. . . They 1, 30, America's wars. must also have earned the Vietnam Service Medal or the Armed Forces Expeditionary POSTAL RATE RELIEF VITAL FOR THIS Medal. . . Up to $300 will be paid those who served between Aug. 5, 1964 and June 30, MAGAZINE AND OTHER NON-PROFIT MAILERS: 1973 who did not earn either of those Legislation to amend the Postal Re- medals. . . lowans must also have had at organization Act of 1970 to provide least 120 days of honorable duty during relief from skyrocketing second-class those periods. . . Survivors of deceased postal rates for non-profit publications service members may also be eligible for (including this magazine) was still benefits. . . Those interested should con- stalled in Congress as this issue went . . tact a local Legion service officer. to press. . . In addition, a temporary For the Guam bonus, individuals must have rate increase of 38% was about to be served on active duty more than 90 days imposed in January 1974, if confirmed by of between Aug. 5, 1964 and the stated end the Postal Rate Commission. . . Unless the Vietnam War, and must have been a Guam legislative relief is afforded by resident immediately prior to active Congress the future of this magazine, duty. . . Top payment of $720 has been other Legion and Auxiliary publications authorized and the bonus is payable to and those of many non-profit mailers is next of kin. threatened . . . During the recent meetings The list of states offering bonus pay- at Nat'l Hq (see pp 29,30,31) Dep't ments: Conn., Del., 111., Ind., Iowa, La., Cmdrs, Adjutants and Nat'l Executive Mass., Minn., N. Dak., Pa., S. Dak., Vt., Committeemen sent telegrams to their Wash., and Territory of Guam. senators urging postal relief for non-

profit organizations. . . You can help MEMORIAL DAY MOVES BACK too ! . . . Write the Senate Post Office and TO MAY 30TH IN ILLINOIS: Civil Service Committee, Wash., D.C., Effective in 1974 the State of Illinois or your own Senator and urge passage of has moved Memorial Day back to its S1395, introduced by Sen. Jennings

traditional May 30th date. . . This is the Randolph (W.Va.) and designed to help

second "Monday" type of holiday to revert non-profit mailers. . . This bill or back to traditional dates of observance in amendments to other bills that will

that state. . . The other: Veterans Day, permit survival of non-profit publica- Nov. 11. tions is vital.

28 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • DECEMBER 1973 AMERICAN LEGION NEWS AND VETERANS AFFAIRS DECEMBER, 1973

Vietnam Era Cutoff Date For Nat'l Membershi|: Bulletin Legion Eligibility Is Urged As of Oct. 30, Legion nai membership for the 1973-74• year was 1,041,446 as companid to National Executive Committee recommends Aug. 15, 1973 993,385 for the same date aI year as closing date for Legion membership of Vietnam Era ago—the first time in h istory that the miUion mark was r vets; urges Mideast Conflict ceasefire but backs Israel ed before Nov. 1. and condemns Arab nations oil cutoff threats to U.S. to the Legion's National Internal Af- The date of August 15, 1973 has been U.S. should provide Israel with arms fairs Commission for the following recommended as the closing date for sufficient to guarantee its survival and reasons: (1) the SAL National Con- membership eligibility in The American (5) notified Middle East oil-producing stitution has been completely revised Legion as it applies to Vietnam Era nations that the U.S. will not be coerced so that there is now a fully functioning veterans. into abandoning Israel under threat of National SAL Organization including The mandate, one of 27 adopted at oil delivery cutbacks to the U.S. National Officers and a National Ex- the fall National Executive Committee In addition, the National Executive ecutive Committee (2) the SAL has meeting, Oct. 17-18, at National Head- Committee opposed the granting of held two National Conventions (3) quarters in Indianapolis, Ind., under most-favored-nation trading status to there are now 17 fully organized SAL the chairmanship of National Com- the U.S.S.R. until it "shall give con- Detachments (state organizations) (4) mander Robert E. L. Eaton (Md.), vincing demonstration of its will to membership has grown from 16,636 emanated from a Special Committee work for and help in enforcing peace in 1968 to about 20,000 for 1973 and created last March following the end throughout the world and to honor past (5) all members now receive the quar- of U.S. participation in the Vietnam treaties and conventions to which it is terly publication, "SALutations," fi- War. The committee was appointed to a signatory." nanced through an increase in national study the "Agreement on Ending the Other mandates adopted by the Com- per capita dues. War and Restoring Peace in Vietnam" mittee called for legislation to increase Other items of general interest re- and other documents and then render G.I. Bill home loan guaranty limits ported at Nat'l Hq: an opinion on a Vietnam War terminat- from $12,500 to $15,000 and to im- • The National Convention Commis- ing date for membership eligibility in prove the VA mobile home loan financ- sion listed the following tentative rec- the Legion. Its unanimous recom- ing program. ommendations for future national mendation was largely based on legisla- The Committee abolished the Na- Conventions: Miami Beach, Fla., Aug. tion adopted by Congress this past tional Sons of The American Legion 16-22, 1974; Minneapolis, Minn., Aug. summer which ceased the funding of Committee and transferred its duties 15-21, 1975; Seattle, Wash., Aug. 20- U.S. activities in Southeast Asia as of Aug. 15, 1973. Because a constitutional amendment Legion and Auxiliary Leaders Pledge ''Mutual Helpfulness will be required to make this date effective, the resolution must be cir- culated to all Legion departments prior to the next National Convention (Miami Beach, Aug. 16-22, 1974) and then presented to the convention dele- gates for their consideration. If the resolution is adopted by the

Convention it will mean that those veterans whose military service began after Aug. 15, 1973 will not be eligible for Legion membership. The limiting date would not affect the eligibility of servicemen whose service began before that date. With the Middle East War as back- drop for its actions, the Committee adopted resolutions which (1) sup- ported U.S. efforts to secure an im- mediate ceasefire (2) called for a halt in the flow of all arms into that region (3) urged the U.S.S.R. to join with U.S. efforts to halt the conflict (4) Nat'l Cmdr Eaton and National Auxiliary President Mrs. B. M. Jarrett (N. C.) set the urged, if international cooperation is annual friendly membership wager and pledge "mutual helpfulness" in achieving lacking in ceasefire efforts, that the Legion /Auxiliary goals for the coming year at Nat'l Executive Committee meeting.

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • DECEMBER 1973 29 EWS 26. 1976; Denver. Colo., Aug. 19-25, Nat'l Commission Changes Rep. Dorn Addresses Legion 1977 and New Orleans, La., Aug. 18- The National Executive Committee 24. 1978. appointed chairmen and members to fill • The 1974 National High School vacancies on 1973-74 national policy Oratorical Contest Finals are scheduled bodies. Here is a list of the national to be held at Lincoln High School, chairmen whose appointments were ap- Sioux Falls, S. Dak., April 2^5, 1974. proved. COMMISSIONS are in capital • The 1974 American Legion World letters with committees and other divi- Series Finals will be held at Roseburg, sions of commissions printed in italics. Ore., Aug. 22-27. AMERICANISM: Daniel J. O'Con- • toll-free tele- The Legion's national nor, N.Y.; Counter-Subversive Activi- number for its "Be Counted phone ties, J. E. Martie, Nev.; Americanism 800-424-8834. .Again" program is Vet- Council, Albert H. Woessner, N.Y. erans seeking a Legion post to join can AMERICAN LEGION MAGA- the area in which get information on ZINE: Benjamin B. Truskoski, Conn. they are interested by dialing that CHILDREN & YOUTH: Earl D. number. Franklin, Jr., Colo.; New England Area, • Future national meeting dates: The Mrs. Lillian M. Jennings, N.H.; Middle Midwinter Washington Conference will Atlantic Area, Edward J. Osowiecki, be held Mar. 4-8 with the National Pa.; Southern Area, Emil Verdi, Fla.; Commander's Banquet to the Congress Midwestern Area, Mrs. Lois M. Rand, scheduled for March 6. The National Wis.; Western Area, Harry H. Kretzler, Commander's presentation of Legion Wash. mandates to the Committees on 'Vet- CONVENTION: Lawrence E. Hoff- erans Affairs of both Houses of Con- man, Fla.; Contests Supervisory, Dem- Rep. W. J. Bryan Dorn, House Veterans gress will take place March 5. ing Smith, S.D.; Distinguished Guests, Affairs Committee Chmn, addressed Ban- quet for Nat'l • The spring 1974 meeting of the William J. Rogers, Me. Executive Committee dur- ing the meetings. He lauded the Legion Nat'l Executive Committee will be held ECONOMIC: Clarence S. Campbell, for Its practical approach to veterans at Nat'l 1-2, preceded by Hq May Vt.; Employment, Walter M. Rapp, problems and for Its cooperation with meetings of national commissions and Okla;. Veterans Preference, A. B. Fen- Congress to reach workable solutions. committees on April 29-30. nell, S.C. • The fall 1974 meeting of the Nat'l FINANCE: Churchill T. Williams, Smith, Mich.; Constitution & By-Laws, Executive Committee will be held Oct. Iowa; Life Insurance & Trust, Albert V. Francis L. Giordano, N.Y.; Member- 9-10, with commissions, committees LaBiche, La.; Emblem, Clayton C. ship & Post Activities, William F. Gorm- and Department Commanders & Ad- Schlick, Iowa; Overseas Graves Decora- ley, Pa.; Resolutions Assignment, Alex jutants meetings set for Oct. 7-8. tion Trust, Nat'l Cmdr Robert E. L. M. Geiger, S.C; Trophies, Awards & Following this story is a list of Eaton, Md. Ceremonials, Daniel A. Drew, Pa. chairmen appointed to head national FOREIGN RELATIONS: Robert P. LEGISLATIVE: Clarence C. Hor- commissions and committees and a Foster, Mo.; Foreign Relations Coun- ton, Ala. Digest of Resolutions adopted by the cil, Martin T. Jansen, Wis. NATIONAL SECURITY: Emmett National Executive Committee. INTERNAL AFFAIRS: Donald J. G. Lenihan, Wash.; Aerospace, Joseph L. Hodges, Va.; Civil Defense, Stacey National Commander Tours U.S. Far East installations A. Garner, Tenn.; Law & Order, Paul S. Kinsey, Ohio; Merchant Marine, Al Olenberger, N.D.; Military Affairs, Francis P. Kane, 111.; Naval Affairs, John J. Wrenn, Mass.; Nat'l Security Council, Granville S. Ridley, Tenn. PUBLIC RELATIONS: C. D. De- Loach, D.C. VETERANS AFFAIRS & REHA- BILITATION: W. F. Lenker, S.D.; Area A, John P. Waller, Me.; Area B, Arthur L. Haines, Md.; Area C, A. V. Akin, Ga.; Area D, Charles D. Mac- Laughlin, N.D.; Area E, Dean C. Hall, Utah; Nat'l Cemetery, Carl L. Lund- gren, Minn. Spirit of '76 Committee: John W. Sloan, Md. Digest of Resolutions

Here is a digest of resolutions adopted at the fall 1973 meeting of the Legion's National Executive Committee. Identi- fying numbers are in parentheses. • Seeks to amend Legion Constitution so as Nat'l Cmdr Robert E. L. Eaton pauses during recent 10-day Far East Briefing Tour to to close off membership for Vietnam Era veterans as of Aug. 15, 1973 (26) visit patient In S. in . Commander's fact-finding trip took U. Army Hospital The • Urges ceasefire in the Middle East War, him to Tokyo, Japan, Seoul, , Okinawa, Taipei, Formosa and the Philippines. urges the U.S.S.R. to join in agreement to

30 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • DECEMBER 1973 nations and take competitive advantage in awarding of halt flow of arms to the warring 75, once insured, to continue their cov- urges the U. S. to provide arms to Israel contracts for the manufacture of Legion until a peaceful solution to the conflict is caps. (24) erage as long as premiums are paid. found. (16) • National High School Oratorical Contest The life-time • Calls upon the President to inform oil- rule change. (25) new benefit provision • Authorizes a national one-year his- producing Middle East nations that the U. S. post applies to two classes of Legion insured will not be coerced by international threats tory contest for 1974. (22) to cut off oil supplies because of its friend- • Authorizes a national Department History members: those who were formerly in- with the nation of Israel. (28) contest for 1974. (23) ship sured prior to age 75 but for • most favored nation trade status • Legion Baseball rule change. (19) whom Opposes • Nominates the Legion's Canadian Friend- for the U.S.S.R. (17) coverage terminated because of age (not ship Award to Joseph J. Savage. (13) • Authorizes expenditure of $27,000 annual- • Reimburses The American Legion for Life illness), and those who are presently ly to award $500 scholarships to each De- Insurance Trust Contest Fund expenses. (9) partment Oratorical winner who • Abolishes the Legion's Nat'l Sons of The insured but are approaching age 75. participates at the regional level with prizes American Legion Committee and transfers coming from American Legion Life Insur- Thus, effective January pro- its duties to the National Internal Affairs 1, 1974, ance Trust Fund. (8) Commission. (15) tection under the plan no longer ceases • Authorizes use of American Legion Life • Changes Legion National Convention re- Insurance Trust Funds to provide for pro- quirements to include those of the Sons of at age 75. It will continue as long as motion and administrative expenses of the The American Legion. (27) Legion's National Oratorical Contest. (10) • Rescinds Nat'l Internal Affairs Commis- premiums are paid and the insured re- Sanguine • Endorses U. S. Navy Project sion non-legislative policy resolutions. (14) mains a Legion member. to improve communication systems with sub- • Rescinds Nat'l Children & Youth Commis- merged . (2) sion non-legislative policy resolutions. (11) However, renewal applications must • Supports modernization of the U. S. • Rescinds National Americanism program be made before February 28, 1974 Army. (3) non-legislative policy resolutions. (7) and • Urges employers to support National • Authorizes renewal contract with Robert only as many units as were previously Guard and Armed Forces Reserve employ- Redden Associates to act as advertising sales ment and participation practices. (4) representative for The American Legion held can be renewed. • Supports concepts of cargo-sharing for Magazine. (1) American Merchant Marine. (5) For those over 75 it is a way to • Commends U. S. Air Force for encourag- ing personnel to join private organizations maintain level benefits without paying such as the Legion and others. (12) Improved Life Insurance Plan increases in premium rates. • Supports enactment of legislation to as- sure the Constitutional Oath of office be At the 55th National Convention in Currently, there are 92,261 Legion- taken in good faith. (18) • Supports legislation to increase the max- Hawaii, the National Executive Com- naires insured with 139,277 units in imum guaranty on VA home loans to $15,000. mittee adopted a resolution amending force. For full particulars and applica- (20) • Supports Legislation to improve VA mo- The American Legion Life Insurance tion card or enrollment form, see pages bile home loan financing. (21) • Allows National Emblem Sales Division to Plan to permit Legionnaires over age 24-25.

Homecoming Celebration for National Commander Eaton at Baltimore, Md.

The official Homecoming Observance for National Com- the motor vessel Port Welcome from which they saw a mock mander Robert E. L. Eaton was held at the Hunt Valley battle at Ft. McHenry recreating the circumstances which Inn near Baltimore, Md., Oct. 12-14. Legion leaders in caused Francis Scott Key to write "The Star Spangled

attendance were treated to a tour of the U.S. Frigate Con- Banner." A banquet attended by over 1 ,000 guests and state stellation, the world's oldest floating warship, and a trip down and local officials completed the Homecoming before Legion Chesapeake Bay to the Naval Academy at Annapolis aboard leaders left to attend meetings at National Headquarters.

Legion visitors salute Constellation colors before sailing past Ft. McHenry where they saw mock battle and 13-star Old Glory.

Middies parade at Annapolis. In photo right, Cmdr Eaton is flanked by Sen. J. Glenn Beall, Jr., (I) and Md. Gov. Marvin Mandel.

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • DECEMBER 1973 31 Department Commanders, 1973-74

The American Legion Depart- ment Commanders and National Executive Committeemen for tiie 1973-74 term are shown on these facing pages. The Commanders were elected by Department Conventions in the late spring or summer of 1973 and serve for one year. The Committeemen are elected in the same manner but serve for two years. The Nation- al Commander, the five National Vice Commanders and the Na-

Angus Marquis C. Clay Davis William Mager William W. Craig Thomas G Walters Canada Colorado Connecticut Delaware Dist. Columbia

Gaylord N. Sheline Indiana

Carlo Fantacci Lloyd Perrill Patrick J. Rachford Arthur Webb, Jr. Dominic A. Bruno Robert Ford Ernest B. Montrond Leslie Wilkinson Italy Kansas Kentucky Louisiana Maine Maryland Massachusetts Mexico

Charles McBride Wyoming

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • DECEMBER 1973 National Executive Committeemen, 1973-74

tional Chaplain are also mem- bers of the policy-making body with the Commander serving as Chairman. In addition, living Past National Commanders are life members of the Committee with a voice but no vote. The 58 Legion Departments include the 50 states, the District of Columbia, the Common- wealth of Puerto Rico, the Pan- ama Canal Zone, Mexico, Canada, the Philippines, Italy and France.

John J. Adams Florida

Frank C. Bottigliero Italy

Miles S. Ansbaugh Glenn Dornfeld Ralph M. Godwin Jerome P. Dobel, Jr. Earle M. Angell Jerome N. Henn Charles F. Lang Laurence R. Spaulding Michigan Minnesota Mississippi Missouri Montana Nebraska Nevada New Hampshire

Clayton Mann Quinn Plowman Leo E. Wright Thomas J. Gear Joe Feldman Charles E. Forsythe Vernon K. Grosenick Norman J Guster Texas Utah Vermont Virginia Washington West Virginia Wisconsin Wyoming THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • DECEMBER? 1973 33 NEWS

Legion "Day" at Kings Point Okla., Past Cmdr Post 1; Leonard ing the last week. The campaign em- Piasecki, of Detroit, Mich., Dep't Public phasized the need for veterans to have Relations Director; Hugh Graham, of their discharges recorded in the county Hartford, Conn., Dep't Adjutant; Ray- where they now live and work. mond Novak, of Aberdeen, S. Dakota, Post 24 Americanism Officer; John The Worcester County Council (Mass.) Martinez, of Albuquerque, N. Mexico, of the Legion presented a plaque in Dep't Adjutant; and Frank Momsen, of memory of the late Morris C. Broder St. Paul Minn., Dep't Adjutant. to the Jewish Home for the Aged, "in memory of the many joyous hours Legion Baseball Grads Star given to veterans by 'Murray' Broder." Sixty-two of the 100 baseball players The Legionnaires also made a donation who were eligible for the National to the Murray Broder Memorial Fund League and American League divisional of the Jewish Home for the Aged. Ed- playoffs are graduates of The American ward Bryce, County Sr. VCmdr, and Legion Baseball program. In the Na- Norman Stewart, alternate Nat'l Execu- tional League playoff between the Cin- tive Committeeman, made the presenta- cinnati Reds and the New York Mets, tion. In the photo, Bryce (white hat) 30 players, 16 on the Reds roster and presents a check to Manuel Sigel, presi- 14 Mets, are former Legion Baseball dent of the JHA, who holds the plaque. players. In the American League playoff Mrs. Bessie Broder, Murray's widow, between the Baltimore Orioles and Oak- stands between them. At left are Viola Merchant Marine gives Legion a "Day." land Athletics, 32 players, 16 Orioles LaBelle, assistant chaplain, Worcester 16 County, and Edward LaBelle, Sr., American Legion Day at the U.S. and on the Athletics roster, are of Merchant Marine Academy at Kings graduates Legion baseball. On the Point, N.Y., featured Post 1242 Cmdr Reds and Mets rosters combined there were 20 eligible Lester Dutcher as guest inspecting offi- players who did not cer during a formal review of the Acade- participate in Legion Baseball, but seven of them foreign my's Regiment of Midshipmen. The full were born and did not have such complement of Midshipmen at the an opportunity. On the side there Academy, in dress white uniforms, stood American League were 18 eligible players did at parade dress while Cmdr Dutcher who not play Legion ball and seven of them were foreign To one who gave many joyous hours. . . (rt. in photo) and Rear Adm. Arthur born. Engel, USCG (Ret., left), "trooped the County Finance Officer; at right is line." The regiment then passed in re- BRIEFLY NOTED Stewart. In the background is George view before the officers of various Demens, County Hospital chairman. Nassau County Legion organizations. IN The morning activities were then fol- POSTS ACTION lowed by a special luncheon for the Post 3, Guadalajara, Mexico, and Unit visiting Legionnaires, who remained for 3 sponsored a reception for former the afternoon football game between Consul General Terrance Leonhardy Kings Point and Lafayette College. The and Marcelo Hernandez. Several months Merchant Marine Academy at Kings ago Leonhardy was the victim of a kid- Point is part of the Maritime Adminis- napping. The president of Mexico re- tration of the U.S. Dep't of Commerce. leased 29 political prisoners, who were A Strong urging from Ohio District 12 flown to Cuba, and paid a ransom of Youth Project Served one million pesos ($80,000) for Leon- Spurred by the St. Louis fire that de- hardy's release. Hernandez, a Mexican The Nat'l Teen Ager Pageant, based stroyed countless service records, Ohio's citizen, served with distinction in the in Rockton, III., holds a pageant in each 12th Legion District launched a cam- U. S. Army. On his return to his home of the 50 states and D.C. and chooses paign to persuade veterans to record town, he found a corrupt police force one winner from each state to compete their discharge certificates with the running the city. In the face of death in the Nat'l Finals in Atlanta, Ga. The county recorder, and thus preserve them threats, he called a public meeting which pageant is open to all girls (13-17) re- for any future emergency. Under Ohio brought about the State Police moving gardless of race, creed or color. Contest- law this service is free, and the veteran in and restoring law and order. Both ants are judged on scholastic achieve- gets his original back along with a free PHOTOS BY PEDRO VALDOVINOS ments, civic contributions, poise, per- copy. Legionnaire Lytle Zuber was ap- sonality and appearance. pointed chairman of a special committee Serving as judges in the Pageant this by District Cmdr Elden Bohn. Procla- past year have been the following Le- mations of Veterans Discharge Record- gionnaires (they judged the essays sub- ing Week were issued by Gov. John mitted by the contestants on "What's Gilligan and Columbus Mayor Tom Right About America"): Jesse DeBord, Moody. Local TV stations pictured the Jr., of Kettering, Ohio, Post 598 Cmdr; signings and Zuber's explanation. Sev- Howard McClimans, of Dayton, Ohio, eral billboards carried the message for Past District Cmdr; Fred Heinle, of two months. The result: The Franklin Milwaukee, Wis., Dept Service Officer; County recorder said recordings of dis- Ron Dreeszen, of Tigard, Ore., Dep't charges zoomed from an average of 25 Adjutant. a month to 143 during the special week Also, Howard Shannon, of Tulsa, and to a rate of almost 200 a week dur- Ex-Consul Gen. Leonhardy honored.

34 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • DECEMBER 1973 rules to all those teams who have re- tation, recipient of the Bill of Rights sponded. Any high school rifle teams Gold Medal Award annually presented are asked to write to DPMS, Box 5067, by WaU Street Post 1217. The program Tennessee Technological University, was staged on the steps of a historic site, Cookeville, Tenn. 38501, Phone: 615- the Federal Hall Nat'l Memorial, in the 528-3283. In the photo, at the home of shadow of Wall Street. Present were Mrs. Alvin C. York in Pall Mall, Tenn., representatives of the County and State Mrs. York grants use of her late hus- organizations of the Legion. PPCmdr band's name in staging the rifle match. Oliver Troster presided. The Nat'l or- From the left are Post Cmdr Pat ganization was represented by Past Nat'l McDermott (who is also known as Lt. Cmdr James F. O'Neil. Awards also Col. Francis P. McDermott, Ass't Cmdt were presented to Troster from the Bill of the Military Science Dep't at Ten- of Rights Commemorative Society and nessee Tech. Univ.); Mrs. Gracie York; to Post Cmdr Arthur F. Acito, for the Larry Graham, coach of the Post 46 post's Americanism program, from the high school rifle team; and Maj. John Nat'l Sojourners. Williams, Post Americanism chairman Army hero Hernandez responds. and a life-long friend and neighbor of Bernt Balchen Dies the York family. men were given the Legion Award of Bernt Balchen, 73, distinguished avi- Valor for their courageous service to the ator and WW2 hero, who was chief United States. The presentation was pilot on Admiral Byrd's first flight over made by Dep't Cmdr Leslie Wilkinson. the South Pole in 1929, has been laid to Approximately 400 Mexican and U.S. rest in Arlington Nat'l Cemetery. He citizens attended the ceremony con- was an active Legionnaire and four ducted in both Spanish and English. In times was elected commander of Air the photo on page 34, holding the scroll Service Post 501, New York. His death and wearing the Medal of Valor is occurred at Mt. Kisco, N.Y., on Oc- birth- Leonhardy; Cmdr Wilkinson is at left; tober 18, within days of his 74th Hudson Rose, Dep't 1st VCmdr, is at day. Military services were held at the right. In the above photo, Hernandez Protestant Chapel at Kennedy Inter- thanks the group for "the distinguished national Airport on Veteran's Day, Oct. Sgt. York high school rifle competition honor conferred on me." 22. Cmdr Arthur Ward headed the Post 501 delegation and Past Nat'l Cmdr and publisher of The American Legion Post 46, Cookeville, Tenn., is sponsoring Legionnaire Maybelle Arthur, of Post Magazine, James F. O'Neil, represented the first Sgt. Alvin C. York Memorial 20, Dillon, Mont., a former WAC, the Nat'l Organization. Lowell Thomas Postal Match for high schools. (Sgt. challenged to enroll a new Legion mem- delivered the eulogy and E. Egil Ny- York was a celebrated WWl hero noted ber during a tour behind the Iron Cur- gaard, Consul General of Norway, and for his skill with a rifle.) "We want tain, did just that. She came up with Berent Friele, Chairman of the Board every high school rifle team in the two new Legionnaires, William Kirk, of of Scandinavian Airlines, spoke. country to know about the match Whittier, Calif., and Helen Busche, of (scheduled for some time in January Milwaukee, Wis., signed up on the Other deaths: 1974)," writes Post Cmdr Pat McDer- banks of Lake Baikal, the deepest lake Gaylor McKim Brown, 77, of Whiting, mott. "A postal match does not require in the world, in Southern Siberia. The Iowa, Past Nat'l Vice Commander travel to the meet. As the sponsoring acceptances were obtained after a 6,000- (1956-57), Past Nat'l Executive Com- post, we would send targets and match mile (roughly) flight from the Black Sea mitteeman (1945-49), and Past Dep't during which Maybelle got in her Le- Cmdr (1936-37). gion pitch. COMRADES IN DISTRESS William M. York, 76, of Greensboro, Readers who can help these veterans are PEOPLE IN THE NEWS urged to do so. Usually a statement is needed N.C. Past Dep't Cmdr (1946-47). in support of a VA claim. Robert J. DeSanctis, assistant Notices are run only at the request of to New American Legion Service Officers represent- York's Mayor John V. Lindsay and ing claimants, using Search For Witness James P. Logan, 77, of Denver, Colo., Forms available only from State Legion Serv- Special Advisor on Veterans Affairs, Past Nat'l Executive Committeeman ice Officers. and the Legion Natl Cmdr's Represent- (1940-41) and Past Dep't Cmdr (1937- 703rd Ord, MSR Rd53 (out of Seoul, Korea, in ative on Veterans Affairs and Rehabili- support of 65th Inf, March 1, 1952)—Need 38). information from Mashburn, Hambrick and Boss and any other comrades who recall that Carl McGaha suffered from "nerves Joseph F. Healey, 74, of New York, going bad and could keep nothing on stom- ach." Write "CD199, American Legion Mag- N.Y., a former reporter for The Phila- azine, 1345 Ave. of the Americas, New York, N.Y. 10019" delphia Inquirer and The Catholic 14th Arm'd Div, 47th Tank Bn, Serv Co (Hat- News, who attended the Legion's St. ten, France, with invasion force Jan. 13-20, 1945)—Need information from 1st Sgt Kalb, Louis Caucus. Capt Orsini, Supply Sgt Friedt and any other comrades who recall that Henry J.M. Armijo injured his back while lifting gaso- Mrs. Louis J. (Enid) Lemstra, of Clin- line cans to the refuel tanks. Write "CD200, American Legion Magazine, 1345 Ave. of ton, Ind., Past Nat'l President of The the Americas, New York, N.Y. 10019" American Legion Auxiliary, who served 504th Gun Bn AAA, Bat B (Okinawa, March or April 1945)—Need information from in 1940-41. Captain Ore and from the doctor of HQ Bat and any other comrades who recall that Harold E. Wagner fell on a log and NEW POSTS injured left side of back while running to the tractor head. Write "CD201, Amer- The American Legion has recently ican Legion Magazine, 1345 Ave. of the Americas, New York, N.Y. 10019" Cmdr Acito, DeSanctis, Chmn Troster. chartered the following new posts:

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • DECEMBER 1973 35 Bessemer Post 344, Bessemer, Ala.; 131st Ord Maint Bn— (Sept.) Albert Irwin, 3014th Ord Co— (Aug.) Henry Rolf, 5734 W. Mound City, Kans. 66056 44th St., Parma, Ohio 44134 George Johnson Post 355, Cuba, Ala.; 135th Arm'd Ord Maint Bn (WW2)— (Aug.) 3357th Truck Co (WW2)— (July) Horace L.H. Cooley, 6402 Ellsworth Ave., Dallas, Grissom, 9813 Thacker La., Richmond, Va. Madison Hts. Post 254, Madison Hts., Texas 75214 23228 Mich.; Audubon American Legion Post 142nd AAA, Bat A— (July) Robert Winland, Nat'l Counter Intel Corps— (Aug.) William 801 Neal St.. Parkersburg, W. Va. 26101 Hartnett, 2816 Ponce de Leon Blvd., Coral 339, Audubon, Minn.; Leisure Village 159th MP Bn (CBI, WW2)— (Feb.) Earl Cul- Gables, Fla. 33134 lum, 3624 Princess La., Dallas. Texas 75229 Officer Candidate Class 9A— (May) Alan Post 1880, Ridge, N.Y,; San Antonio 194th Field Art'y Bn— (Sept.) Albert Blancke, Brister, P.O. Box 9307, Charlotte. N.C. 1713 5th St., Rock Island, 111. 28205 Post 63 1 , San Antonio, Texas. 203rd Gen Hosp (WW2)— (July) Archie Mc- Sparrin, 309 Keystone Dr., New Kensing- NAVY ton, Pa. 15068 240th Field Art'y Bn— (Aug.) John Richards, 24th Seabees— (Aug) Hersel Dumbauld, 815 444 W. Williams. Delaware, Ohio 43015 Zahn St., Huntington, Ind. 46750 254th Field Art'y Bn— (Sept.) Robert Chap- 29th Seabees— (Aug.) Bill Mast, Box #29, man, 73 Highgrove Blvd, Akron, Ohio 44312 Lee, HI. 60530 305th Eng Bn— (Aug.) R.L. Winter, R 1, Rock- 41st Special Seabees (15th & 19th First Sec- ford. Ohio 45882 tions)— (Aug.) Theodore Lyse, Box 101, 315th Inf Reg't (WW2)— (Aug.) Francis Davenport, Wa. 99122 Oczko, 144 N. 6th St., New Hyde Park, N.Y. eoth Seabees (WW2)— (Aug.) Steve WemhofC, 332nd Inf— (Aug.) Evan Thomas, 2215 Oak- RR 2, Norfolk, Nebr. 68701 wood Ave., Youngstown, Ohio 44509 LST 395— (Aug.) Frank Gaeta, 218 N. Chest- 339th Field Art'y Bat D— (Sept.) Lena Miller. nut, Olathe, Kans. 66061 727 E. McLane, Osceola, la. 50213 LST 702— (Aug.) Wallace Butler, 2612 E. 109th 339th Inf Reg't (WW2)— (July) Charles Isely, Ave., Tampa. Fla. 33612 Jr., P.O. Box 3312, Clearwater Beach, Fla. Submarine Veterans— (June) Mose Ramich. 351st Eng, Gen Serv Reg't, Hq & Serv Co— Rt. 3 Box 175D, Windsor. Va. 23487 (Aug.) D. K. Johnson, 313 S. 26th Ave., USNTC, Co 39 (Bainbridge, Md. 1951)— (Aug.) Bellwood, 111. 60104 James Fermihough, P.O. Box 102. Reno. 352nd Ord Maint Co, AA— (July) James Ohio 45773 Jackson, 925 Windsor Ave., Annapolis, Md. WASP CV7— (July) Scoop Wainscott. Box 21403 14518, Albuquerque, N.M. 87111 379th AAA Bn— (Aug.) Elmer Stone, Rt. 4, USS ABSD#1— (July) W.G. Herman. Green at prayer Statue of George Washington Hillsville. Va. Acres Court, Rt. 1. Lot K, Clinton. Mo. looks down on 35 teachers sent to Free- 478th AAA AW Bn— (July) Joseph Morell, 64735 Forge, Pa., by 518 Center St., Rochester, Pa. 15074 USS Albert W. Grant (DD 649, WW2)— (Aug) doms Foundation at Valley Nick Demarco, took 508th Engr (WW2)— (Aug.) M. W. Sipe, 2299 303 Vine St., Charleston, California posts, districts. Group Mt. Zion Rd., York, Pa. 17402 West Va. 25302 part in historic tours, lectures as aid to 517th Pcht Inf— (Aug.) Mel Edwards, 2117 USS Alcor (AD34)— (Sept.) George Taylor, teaching Americanism. Two Legionnaires 67th St., Lubbock, Texas 79412 1219 Bell Run Rd., Fairmont, W.V. 26554 529th Field Art'y Bn— (Aug.) Frank Wor- USS Attu (CVE 102)— (Aug.) J.M. Perazzo, 29th Dist., Dean are Howard Thorne, & then, 1881 Cowden Ave., Memphis, Tenn. Rd #2, Chester Springs, Pa. 19425 Witty, 22nd D., Dep't Chmn V. Forge. 38104 USS Chandeleur (AVIO)— ( Aug.) Mrs. Ken- 567th AAA AW Bn— (July) Floyd Shelton, neth Boyd, R. 4. Box 145, Culpeper, Va. Box 566, Newberry, S.C. 29108 22701 OUTFIT REUNIONS 585th Motor Ambulance Co— (May) S.D. USS Daly (DD519)— ( June) Ralph Ferraioli, Richmond, 1512 Chester Dr., Tracy, Calif. 307 Chestnut St., Kearny. N.J. 07032 will be held in month indicated. Reunion 95376 USS Henley (DD391)— ( July) Roy Anglen, write person whose address For particulars 605th Tank Dest Bn— (Sept.) Ted Brush, Box PO Box 198, Hume, 111. 61932 is given. 20, Swartswood, N.J. 07877 USS North Carolina— (June) Sidney Wel- Notices accepted on official forms only. For vang, Jr., 4600 630th Tank Dest ( Laurel Grove Ave., Studio addressed return enve- Bn— July) Alex Spark, Box form send stamped, 225 Floreffe. Pa. 15039. City, Ca. 91604 lope to O. R. Form, American Legion Maga- 692nd Tank Dest Bn. Co B, 3rd Plal^(July) USS O'Bannon (DD450)— ( Aug.) Marland 1345 Avenue of the Americas, New zine. Don Crawford, Millville, Rd #2, Pa. 17846 Zeigler, 118 E. Middle St., Gettysburg, Pa. N.Y. 10019. Notices should be received York, 724th Rwy Bn— (Aug.) Ed Zimel. 4311 How- USS Razorback (SS394, WW2, crew)— (Aug.) at least five months before scheduled re- land St.. Philadelphia, 19124 Jason Miller, 146 Birch St.. Dover, N.J. necessary to get Pa. union. No written letter 729th Rwy Oper Bn Albert USS Ticonderoga (CV-CVA-CVS Crew & Of- form. (WW2)— (Aug.) Colello. 4251 4th Ave., Altoona, Pa. 16602 ficers)— (May) Elton Whitney, 2408 W. Earliest submission favored when volume Azalea Dr.. 752nd ROB, Co C (WW2)— (May) E. Sheridan, New Port Richey. Fla. 33552 of requests is too great to print all. 231 Hall Ave. Michigan Center, Mich. 49254 832nd Avn Eng Bn— (July) J, Balentine, 3133 AIR ARMY June Dr., Charlotte, N.C. 28205 7th Bomb Gp, H ( July) 838th Ord— (Aug.) Bernard Kersting, 450 (WW2)— R. H. Stock- ton, 19 W. St.. 2nd Div— (July) Lawrence Chermak, P.O. Bower Hill Cedar Alexandria. Va. 22301 Rd., Pittsburgh, Pa. 15228 8th Air Force, Box 42262, Los Angeles, Calif. 90042 841st Eng Avn Bn (WW2)— (Aug) Thomas AA Mach Gun School (No. 5th Medical Bn (WW2)— (Aug.) Raymond Farrow, Ireland)— (Sept.) Eugene Ratajczak, 656 700 Worthington Ave. McKeesport, Freeland Ave., Carlson, 1137 Kay Pkwy., Ann Arbor, Mich. Pa. 15132 Calumet City, 111. 60409 6th Med Bn, Co A— (March) John Lofgren, 10th Recon Gp, Hq & Attached Sqdns- Rt. 23, Hopkins, Minn. 55343 (June) Harold Green, 3309 Cawein Way. Louisville, Ky. 40220 7th Arm'd Div— (Aug.) Irving Osias, Box 6, American Legion Life Insurance Spring Glen, N.Y. 12483 20th Air Force (All veterans & families of 10th Arm'd Div— (Aug.) James Revell, 10433 Month Ending Sept. 30, 1973 WW2)— (Feb. & Aug.) 20th Air p'orce As- S.W. 99th Terr., Miami, Fla. 33156 soc., P.O. Box 5534, Washington, D.C. 20016 10th Inf (Prior to Dec. 1947)— (Aug.) W.W. Benefits paid Jan. 1-Sept. 30, 1973. .$ 1,397,794 58th Bomb Wng (40th, 444th, 462nd, 468th Stratton, P.O. Box 494, Williamsburg, Va. Benefits paid since April 1958 15,013,108 Gps)— (Aug.) John Kavulich. 143 N. 5th 11th Inf Reg't— (Sept.) R.D. Barry, 4835 Basic units in force (number) .... 139,277 St., Indiana, Pa. 15701 69th Round Lake Rd., Apt. C, Indianapolis, Ind. New Applications approved since Bomb Sqdn— (Aug.) Lou Kieran. Box 15th 1835, Pittsburgh, Pa. 15230 Constabulary Sqdn— (Sept.) Jimmy Jan. 1, 1973 7,859 70th Serv Gp— (Aug.) Joe Miner, 3215 Kim- McLees, 9155 W. Park Hill Ave., Milwaukee, New Applications declined Wis. 53226 1,260 berly Dr., Champaign, 111. 61820 16th Arm'd Div— (Aug.) Glenn Gregg, 250 New Applications suspended 302nd Airdrome Sqdn— (Aug.) Vincent Pe- Ramsey, N.E., Cleveland, Tenn. 37311 (applicant failed to return trella. 120 Hemlock, Dover, Ohio 44622 18th Eng Rwy— (Jan.) Alan Williams, 1540 health form) 944 312th Bomb Gp— (Aug) Paul Stickel. 1136 Avonrea Rd., San Marino, Ca. 91108 Gray Ave., Greenville, O. 45331 20th Inf, Co I— (Sept.) Glen Wolfe, RR 3, American Legion Life Insurance is an official Macon, Mo. 63552 program of The American Legion, adopted 31st Chem Co— (July) Harold Owen, 630 by the National Executive Committee, 1958. Fla. Adams Ave., Cape Canaveral, 32920 It is decreasing term insurance, issued on 37th Div— (Aug.) Jack Wander, 21 W. Broad application to paid-up members of The St., Rm. 1101, Columbus. Ohio 43215 39th Combat Eng (WW2)— (Sept.) Thomas American Legion subject to approval based Sweares, Sr., 122 Southlane Dr., New on health and employment statement. Death Whiteland, Ind. 46184 benefits range from $40,000 (four full units 40th Inf Div (Korea)— (Sept.) Ed Lown, May- up through age 29) (25 in Ohio) in decreasing brook. N.Y. 12543 steps with age to termination of insurance 82nd Airborne Div— (Aug.) Carl Davis, 159 at end of year in which 75th birthday occurs. Gibson Ave.. Mansfield, Ohio 44907 84th Div— (Aug.) William Johnson, P.O. Box Available up to four full units at a flat rate 297, Fort Myers, Fla. 33902 of $24 per unit a year on a calendar year 103rd Div (WW2)— (July) Harvey Ellsworth, basis, pro-rated during the first year at $2 a P.O. Box 207, Holt, Mich. 48842 month per unit for insurance approved after 104th Inf Keg't^(April) Robert Sandri, 37 January 1. Underwritten by two commercial Hemlock St.. Clifton. N.J. 07013 life insurance companies, the Occidental Life 107th AAA, Bat B— (June) Boyd Holtzclaw, Insurance Co. of California 411 N. Broad St., Clinton, S.C. 29325 and United States 110th Inf, Co C (WWl)— (July) Ivan Lambert, Life Insurance Co. in the City of New York. 120 E. Race St., Somerset, Pa. 15501 American Legion Insurance Trust Fund is 110th Inf, Co K (WWl)— (Sept.) Glancy managed by trustees operating under the Elmo Thoni, Post Smith, 644 Huffman St., Waynesburg, Pa. laws of Missouri. No other insurance may 16, Murfreesboro, 121st Inf. Co ( B— July) Roy Green, 110 Quail- use the full words "American Legion." Ad- Tenn.; gets plaque and cash award from wood Dr., Athens, Ga. 30601 ministered by The American Legion Insur- Post Cmdr James Shipp in recognition of 125th AAA Gun Bn, Mobile— (July ) Joseph Bauknecht, 1273 Ramona Ave., Lakewood, ance Division, P.O. Box 5609, Chicago, Illinois over 7,500 hours in 5 years as a VAVS Ohio 44107 60680, to which write for more details. worker in the VA printing clinic.

36 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • DECEMBER 1973 365th Ftr Gp (WW2)— ( July) Tillson Gorsuch, Frank Bruzzese (1973) Post 1860, Great 948 Spencer St., Longmont, Colo. 80501 River. N.Y. 391st Bomb Gp (WW2 England, France)— Thurston Berzelius, Joseph Andreacchio, (Sept.) W.W. Fry, 3830 Castle Cr., Lincoln, Gerard Trippe, Arthur DePresca and Daniel Neb. 68524 A. Johnson (all 1973) Post 1873, Brooklyn, 586th Bomb Sqdn (WW2)— (Aug.) Joe Silk, N.Y. 139 Point Circle, Jupiter, Fla. 33458 Walter F. Pferffer, Robert B. Prinz, Everett Quintrell, George Remple and 803rd Chem Co, AO (Aug.) William Danna- Temple Riddle — (all 1974) Post 89, Dayton, O. ker, 701 Selma Rd., Springfield, Ohio 45505 Charles Ritchie, Glenn Case, Vernor Court- Victorville Flying School— (Feb.) BiU AAF ney, Charles Schultz and Charles Eudaily (all Young, 342371/2 Ave. F, Yucaipa, Ca. 92399 1973) Post 7, Blackwell, Okla. Wm. Hayden (1973), Elmer R. Burgess (1968), Lester L. Davis (1971) and Wm. B. LIFE MEMBERSHIPS Davis (1967) Post 13, Oklahoma City, Okla. Elsie M. Williams (1973) Post 161, Eugene, The award of a life membership to a Le- Ore. gionnaire by his Post is a testimonial by those Kounstant Wasilewski (1973) Post 350, who know him best that he has served The Nanticoke, Pa. American Legion well. David G. Dougherty (1973) Post 498, Roch- Below are listed some of the previously un- Gstcr p3 published life membership Post awards that Charles K. Etter, Joseph W. Evans, Earl H. Flack, Robert E. Fraser and Henry B. Free- have been reported to the editors. They are Michigan Dep't Cmdr Charles Larson and arranged by States or Departments. man (all 1972) Post 507, Norwood, Pa. Pres. Helen Hodges present check for John L. Carman, Clarence E. Cooper, John $3,652 to Muscular Dystrophy children W. Cunningham (all 1968) and Margaret Jessie J. Speaks and P.H. Cole (both 1974) White (1972) Post Aston, Pa. Darrel Ayers, with 926, Post 123, Jonesboro, Ark. Amy Van Gilder and Julius J. Anderson, T.R. Brown, Cecil J. Marion A. Willis (1973) Post 262, Fontana Dennis Wholey of AM Detroit Show on Creech, Henry F. Gunnells and Bellinger Calif. WXYZ-TV. Later donations raised Legion Halford (all 1970) Post 46, Barnwell, S. C. Benton F. Adams (1963) Post 516, Los An- James A. Hamilton, Sr. (1973) Post 77, Auxiliary total to geles, Calif. & $4,182. Check was Graniteville, S.C. Floyd Bonino (1958), Raphaeo Buon-Cristi- presented during Jerry Lewis Telethon. E.S. Kennedy, (1973) Post 517, Quinlan, Tex. ani (1952), Guy Giacopuzzi (1958), George Grayson L. Burruss, Frank J. Dymacek and Giambastiani (1959) and Albert Gordon (1941- Thomas M. Waldrop (all 1973) Post 90, Bea- 42) Post 570, Los Angeles, Calif. Carrol Quynn, Louis Ragusa, Joseph Riotto, verdam. Va. Raymond Kehl, Conrad Houle, Frank Un- Ermino Scutari and Vincent Sferruzzo (all Wm H. Hill, S.E. Mear, Guy L. Hodson, Carl (all ger, Samuel Macaluso and Alex Bonnar 1973) Post 573, Brooklyn, N.Y. Meyer and Kurt H. Hubrich (all 1972) Post 1973) Post 13, Plainfield, 111. Edwin Budden Hangen, Joel C. Olear, Clar- 173, Whitewater, Wis. Earl W. Gasthoff, Calvin A. Gordon, Leslie ence N. Pitts and Stephen W. Zeh (all 1973) Harry O. Johnson, Herbert Latimer, Free- C. Hahne, Howard W. Hannum and Carl S. Post 685, Port Jervis, N.Y. man Morris, Greg Martino and Ben C. Hen- Hearrington, Sr. (all 1969) Post 210, Danville, Edw. L. Mossack, Paul G. Werschin, Al- derson (all 1973) Post 246, Genoa, Wis. 111. phonse Koenig and Louis F. Rich (all 1973) George W. Vinnedge and Harvey G. Minas Post 735, West Seneca, N.Y. (both 1973) Post 20, Crown Point, Ind. Robert C. Bindrim (1973) Post 871, Bronx, Life Memberships are accepted for publica- Louis D. Heck, Columbus Jones, Fred E. N.Y. tion only on an official form which we pro- LeMaster, P.M. LePage and Walter McNeal Earl Maynard (1971) and Wayne K. Good- vide. Reports received only from Command- (all 1973) Post 91, Washington, Kans. ermote (1973) Post 937, Berhn, N.Y. er, Adjutant or Finance Officer of Post which Edwin R. Elliott, Harvey H. Hutchinson, John J. Murphy (1972), Thomas A. Brown, awarded the life membership. Sr., Sam P. Jones, Purser I. Lillard and Leroy Robert J. Cornish, Martin J. Mather and They may get form by sending stamped, Milton (all 1973) Post 187, Kentwood, La. Donald H. Schultz (all 1973) Post 1361, Syra- self-addressed return envelope to: Alvey M. Norwood, and Lawrence C. Wil- cuse, N. Y. "L.M. Form, American Legion Magazine, lard (both 1973) Post 11, Frederick, Md. John F. Scalisi (1973) Post 1672, Swormville, 1345 Avenue of the Americas, New York, Robert Ames (1973) Post 275, Glenarden, N.Y. N.Y. 10019." Md. Paul E. Haney and Angelo J. Mokinari On a corner of the return envelope write Lawrence V. White (1973) Post 70, Nor- (both 1973) Post 1790, Rochester, N.Y. the number of names you wish to report. No wood, Mass. Joseph Kahn (1972) Post 1858, Jamaica, N.Y. written letter necessary to get forms. Frank P. Maryon, Thaddeus Strelczuk, Raymond W. Frank and Maurice E. Claer- hout (all 1973) Post 357, Detroit, Mich. George E. Jahnke (1973) Post 345, Minne- apolis, Minn. Rene De la Torre (1972) Post 40, St. Louis, STATEMENT OF OWNERSHIP, MANAGEMENT AND CIRCULATION Mo. Paul G. Rozier and Jesse H. Eddleman (both (Act of August 12, 1970: Section 3685. Title 39. United States Code) 1973) Post 133, Perryville, Mo. Albert McBride, Louis J. Moore and Stanly 1. Title of Publication: THE AMERICAN LE- The American Legion, 700 North Pennsylvania, F. Roman (all 1973) Post 66, Maple Shade, N.J. GION MAGAZINE. Indianapolis, Indiana 46206. Joseph Makowski and Edward Makowski 2. Date of filing: September, 1973. 8. Known bondholders, mortgagees, and other (both 1972) Post 155, Whippany, N.J. security holders owning or holding 1 percent or Francis Pesaresi (1973) Post 446, Alpha, N.J. 3. Frequency of issue: Monthly. more of total amount of bonds, mortgages or Amel B. Elder (1973) Post 46, Hurley, N. 4. Location of known office of publication: 700 other securities: None. Mexico North Pennsylvania Street, Indianapolis, In- Irwin R. Sanders (1973) Post 22, New York, diana 46206 (Marion County). 9. For optional completion by publishers mailing N.Y. 5. Location of the headquarters or general busi- at the regular rates (Section 132.121, Postal A. Clark, Leonard Fred John Compo, W. ness offices of the publishers: 1345 Avenue of Service Manual) Willis C. Hoffman William Getbehead, and the Americas, New York, New York 10019. F. Huschle (all 1973) Post 24, Rome, N.Y. 39 U.S.C. 3626 provides in pertinent part: "No Albert E. Gordon Smith (1973) Post 148, 6. Names and addresses of publisher, editor, person who would have been entitled to mail Silver Creek, N.Y. and managing editor: matter under former section 4359 of this title Publisher: James F. O'Neil, 1345 Avenue of shall mail such matter at the rates provided un- the Americas, New York, New York 10019. der this subsection unless he files annually with the Postal Service a written request for permis- Editor: Robert B. Pitkin, 1345 Avenue of the sion to mail matter at such rates." Americas, New York, New York 10019. Managing Editor: None. In accordance with the provisions of this statute, I hereby request permission to mail the publica- 7. Owner (If owned by a corporation, its name tion named in item 1 at the reduced postage rates and address must be stated and also immediately presently authorized by 39 U.S.C. 3626. thereunder the names and addresses of stock- James F. O'Neil, Publisher holders owning or holding I percent or more of total amount of stock. If not owned by a corpora- 10. For completion by nonprofit organizations tion, the names and addresses of the individual authorized to mail at special rates (Section owners must be given. If owned by a partnership 132.122, Postal Manual). The purpose, function, or other imincorporated firm, its name and ad- and nonprofit status of this organization and the dress, as well as that of each individual must be exempt status for Federal income tax purposes given.) have not changed during preceding 12 months.

Average Actual Number No. Copies of Copies of Each Issue During Single Issue Preceding Published Nearest 12 Months To Filing Date 11. EXTENT AND NATURE OF CIRCULATION A. Total No. Copies Printed (Net Press Run) 2,682,913 2,696,166 B. Paid Circulation 1. Sales Through Dealers and Carriers, Street Vendors and Counter Sales None None 2. Mail Subscriptions 2,654.405 2,670,469 C. Total Paid Circulation 2i654!405 2,670,469 D. Free Distribution by Mail, Carrier or Other Means 1. Samples, Complimentary, and other free copies. Nat'l Executive Committeeman Edward 8,667 5,158 2. Copies Distributed to News Agents, But Not Sold None None Denis (R.I.) was given a Life iVlembership E. Total Distribution (sum of C and D) 2,663,072 2,675,627 in Branch 28 of the Royal Canadian F. Office Use, Left-over, Unaccounted, Spoiled After Printing Legion, recognizing his great coopera- 19,841 20,539 G. Total (sum of E & F—should equal net press tion with that group. At L. with Denis is run shown in A) 2,682,913 2,696,166 Edward Gerrior, RCL Membership Chmn. I certify that the statements made by me above are correct and complete. James F. O'Neil

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • DECEMBER 1973 37 CONTINUED FROM PAGE 15 ORDER Would Some Other Country Like to Host the U.N.?

DIRECT would generally suffer most from conditions, more leisure and greater from discrimination, the Asians and Afri- serenity. cans, were the most vocal in giving If Baroody's proposal generated any New York a favorable rating. "This interest, it cooled off when delegates began considering the stumbling blocks would indicate a real desire to see to moving out of the United States. beyond the myriad inconveniences to First they would have to find a site Sind Today For the wealth of knowledge and culture that was suitable and located in a F they can find in this city," the survey country that was willing to accept the headquarters. Then they would have to MONROE said. Catalog dig up the millions of dollars that would That same year, however, after be needed to erect new headquarters THE MONROE COMPANY young Zionists broke into the Syrian buildings. Baroody suggested that 69 Church St., CoKax, Iowa 50054 mission, there were rumblings in the money be raised by renting or selling the New York headquarters. But either U.N. corridors which indicated sub- way the forum risked a heavy financial stantial sentiment in favor of aban- loss that no one could afford in this >:1:li:H:1llR doning the New York headquarters. near bankrupt organization. The tremendous expansion of the Huge savings on tiny, all-in- Finally, Baroody brought the rum- ear, eye- United Nations has ruled out most of the-ear, behind the blings into the open with a lengthy glass and body models. New the sites that once might have been space age models are so tiny speech in the General Assembly's and well concealed your clos- deemed suitable. Only a few places in est friends may never even budgetary committee. the world have the facilities such as notice. FREE HOME TRIAL. hotels, housing, restaurants, communi- Low as $10 monthly. Money The Saudi Arabian envoy insisted cations and accessibility now required back guarantee. If your doctor that he was not just making a nuis- recommends you use a hearing by the thousands of delegates, staffs aid. ask him about Prestige aids. ance proposal as an Arab and that and secretariat members. Write today for free catalog and confidential booklet. PRESTIGE, Dept. D-91, Box 10947, Houston, Tex. 77018. this move had not been influenced by Diplomatic feathers were ruffled the Syrian mission incident. Baroody again in 1967 when the New York then enumerated most of the old Traffic Commission, trying to clear I WANT EVERY READER complaints and added a few new the city's clogged streets, extended .^1^, of this Paper to have my big red touches. He said the city was too its midtown towaway program to in- ffl ^ EARLIANA TOMATO crowded with too many buildings and clude the cars of diplomats and con- KING OF THE EARLIES" too little breathing space. And there sular oflScials. Within the first 24 Big solid, scarlet fruit, disease resistant, heavy yielder. Ideal for were too many organized groups op- hours, 22 diplomatic or foreign con- table or canning. Send 15c for big posed to the Russians, the Arabs or sular cars had been hauled off to the packet or 2Bc for 2 packets ^•^^pDFF and copy of Seed and Nursery Catalog. some other foreign bloc, he went on. 34th street "pound." H. SEEDSMAN R. SHUMWAY "It is too costly a place to live, As it turned out, the striped pants Dept. 303 ROCKFORD. ILLINOIS 61101 especially for delegates of the less fraternity was exempted from the prosperous nations," he declared. $40 penalty—$25 for towing and a On the other hand, Baroody con- $15 fine—that ordinary American tinued, a small neutral country in citizens had to pay. Nevertheless, the Europe would offer cheaper living foreign missions set up a hue and cry. Train quicklv in 8 short weeks at Toledo for a brlRht fQturo with security in the vital meat business. Bisr pay. fuM-time iobs— HAVE A PROFITABLE MARKET OFYOUR Diplo- OWN ! Time payment p)an available. help. Thousands of suc- , ma given. Job cessful Kfaduates. OUR 60th YEARl Send Now for bie new illustrated FREE catalog. No obligation. G.l. approved. No. 019JT ^'^ NATIONAL SCHOOL OF MEAT CUTTING Dept. A-7.3. Tolcfio. Ohio 4.3604

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38 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • DECEMBER 1973 accusing police of illegal seizure of The Soviet bloc quickly joined in their property, violating their dip- the attack, with Poland leading off. lomatic immunity and ignoring the PoUsh delegate Zdislaw Ludiczak 1947 United Nations agreement. accused the United States TV, press Again there were mutterings of dis- and other media of funneling out satisfaction over New York as the propaganda hostile to the United headquarters site. Nations. The city attempted to soothe the "It is regrettable," he said, "that aroused diplomats after a special the freedom of speech and freedom committee on host-country relations of the news media, on which such had petitioned Mayor Lindsay for a great store is set in the United moratorium. A program was worked States, are only exercised in a one- out to eliminate the towing away of sided manner and are not used by diplomatic vehicles. The scheme in- the competent authorities of that cluded plans to supply the envoys country or by influential circles in ." with more parking places and a support of the United Nations. . . promise to chase "squatters" out of D.N. Kolsnik of the Soviet delega- areas already reserved for diplomats. tion blasted the New York Times for The headquarters issue came to a carrying an interview with an official head again in the fall of 1971 after of the "Jewish Defense League" the Soviet mission came under sniper whom Kolsnik accused of making attack. Already aroused over the in- threats against Soviet statesmen. infuri- to cident, the Russians became "I hope you're paroled soon. The Russian said he wished make ated by the release on bail of a youth Ronald needs a father's guidance." an official protest to the U.S. mission held in connection with the attack. THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE "about the inadmissibility of publish- Soviet officials denounced the move ing such threats in the press." as another example of what they certain state or federal authorities Kolsnik 's remarks brought a swift termed the policy of U.S. authorities which have either openly expressed retort from U.S. Ambassador W. hostility toward the Organization or blind eye" to such acts. Tapley Bennett, who reminded the to "turn a certain missions or have not made As their rage mounted, the Russians serious attempts to check the activities Russian envoy that the suppression had the whole question of diplomatic of certain organized hostile groups." that he was suggesting was not in security placed on the agenda of the Muhammad then suggested that "it keeping with the principles of de- would be desirable for highly placed General Assembly. mocracy. persons to refrain from expressing The issue was dumped into the lap opinions which might tend to under- "It has been asserted that individ- of the Assembly's legal committee, mine the prestige of the United Nations uals must be prevented from making unleashing a torrent of speeches on and the missions." derogatory or threatening statements Turning his attention to the media, injustices in New York and the to diplomats," Bennett said. "How- the Muhammad asserted that "the enor- advisability of moving elsewhere. mous media of mass communications ever, free assembly and free speech Representatives of countries as dif- which are available should be used to are fundamental tenets of the United ferent as Franco's Spain and com- publicize the work of the United Na- States constitutional system." tions and explain that the privileges munist Mongolia insisted that the Then, in a slap at the Soviet habit and immunities of the missions are U.S. government do something to necessary for the performance of their of confining citizens whose views improve the lot of the diplomat. functions." differ with those of the Kremlin, A number of delegates demanded In short, Muhammad was proposing Bennett declared that the U.S. ad- that the U.S. news media be used as an that "high Washington officials" stop ministration did not wish to see instrument to try to justify the use of criticizing the United Nations. They diplomatic immunity and privilege. established in the United States "the also insisted that the U.S. news media tone down coverage of criminals and radical groups. Both officials and the press, the delegates asserted, en- couraged unruly people to act against foreign diplomats. Instead, said the angry envoys, politicians should say nice things about the United Nations, and the press, radio and television should launch an education campaign to change American attitudes. Ap- parently these delegates were not aware that in a democracy free speech and freedom of the press were cherished and thought control was frowned upon. India's V.A. Seyid Muhammad spearheaded the attack on critics of the United Nations. Many representa- tives, he said, were concerned "about a growing undertone of hostility in New York against the United Nations and the members of certain mis- sions." "They attribute that phenomenon," he declared, "mainly to the attitude of CONTINUED FROM PAGE 39 Would Some Other Country Like to Host the U.N.?

practice of certain countries which by New York were "very satisfac- or commit to insane asylums tory." FOR PERMANENT imprison those whose views are unacceptable "In my view, transferring United FUND RAISING f to their governments." A parade of Nations headquarters is not the an- Easy way to raise money for your Organization delegates used the debate to press swer," he said. because everyone has fun playing BINGO! Ttiouscnds of Organizations are making up to their perennial demands that the Several diplomats said privately $500.00 per week using"BINGO KING" supplies United Nations be pulled out of New that they prefer to operate in New and FREE Idea Bulletins. Write for fREE catalog York. The drive was spearheaded by York, because the United Nations jfeE: and details on raising money for your Orgoniza- Ib tion. Ambassador Ricardo Alarcon Ques- gets more public attention than would PLEASE GIVE NAME OF ORGANIZATION. ada of Cuba, whose country has been be possible anywhere else. That, they carrying on a running battle against said, is essential for the prestige of DEPT. 887, BOX 178, ENGLEWOOD, COLO. 80110 the United States in the U.N. debates the organization. "Besides, we are ever since Fidel Castro seized power. not here for the comfort of dele- For under $90.00 a month per couple enjoy a lifetime of sunshine on the Mex- Charging that U.S. authorities gates," said one veteran envoy. ico Border. Good Fishing ^— Boating — were protecting various political In June 1972, U.S. Ambassador Golf — Hunting ^—-New beautifully fur- movements hostile to Cuba and other Christopher H. Phillips spoke up, nished air conditioned apartments with governments, Alarcon Quesada said after listening for weeks to a drum- maid service. For Information Call or Write: MAPUS RENTALS that the only solution would be to fire of complaints by envoys about 2200 Saunders, Laredo, Texas 78040 "transfer the headquarters of the working and living conditions in Telephone 723-9906 United Nations to another country New York. Phillips pointed out that which could provide conditions for some of these diplomats used too Big prof- Big opportunities. permanent missions enabling them to much tax-free liquor and tobacco, its. Earn quickly. Full or part time. Learn at home, carry out their work normally." not to mention the fact that they it's easy. Do real jobs: All To the surprise of many, Spanish blithely violated the city's parking T.^ lAIIM WHILE Tools — Materials Sup- Ambassador Don Jaime de Pinies TOO IIARN plied. Accredited member regulations. Q echoed this view, although he did so NHSC. Lie. State of NJ- Sand for Eleven months later, in May 1973, lin^ Appd. for Vet. Send name without the invective used by Cuba and IIB FREE BOOK it and address for FREE book, other members of the Red camp. the United States made plain that locksmittiing Institute, Dept. 1221-123 u , nuu Gendegin Nyamdoo of Mongolia, a it was going to take a tougher stand. Div. Technical Home Study Schools, Little Falls, N.J. D/4Z* minor member of the Soviet bloc, It publicly rebuked envoys for not echoed the cry for a new home for the paying rent, loans, charge accounts United Nations. Any proposal to move, mi and other bills. It also that imm said, fully justified, warned he would be "if the FLUSHES UP United States does not meet the re- these defaulters might henceforth be to sewer or septic tank quirements of the member states of subjected to the embarrassment of the United Nations regarding the pro- no digging up floors. being identified in front of their col- tection of their missions and diplomatic WRITE , . . Mcpherson, inc agents." leagues. of African states BOX 15133 TAW! PA, FLA. 33614 A number and Arab This surprising shift from the joined in the chorus, including Yemen, customary U.S. policy of trying to Ivory Coast and Tanzania. settle outstanding debts of foreign Some other delegates, however, envoys through confidential negotia- took issue with the demand for a tions was announced at a meeting of Why delay? Receive 4 WILL FORMS and 64-p9. move and said they saw no reason to the 15-nation U.N. committee that book, "What Everyone Should Know About leave New York. Wills," written by a prominent attorney. FREE— deals with relations between the Personal Assets Record, Duties of Executor, and Colombia's ambassador, Antonio Valuable Papers Folder. Complete KIT, $2.00, United States and the diplomatic 2 for $3.50, Add 250 for postage and handling. Bayona Ortiz, noted that many dele- colony in New York. HANLEY'S, Dept. A-163, Orchard Lake Rd., gates were basing their demands for P. O. Box 554, Farmington, Michigan 48024. a move on incidents of violence that had occurred in New York. "It is only fair," he said, "to recog- If You Served nize that such offenses do not occur only in New York." in Your Country War Bayona Ortiz said his delegation did not go along with the idea of a BE COUNTED AGAIN move, adding pointedly "particularly By Working In in view of the financial crisis of this organization." THE AlVIERICAN LEGIOI^ Malaysian delegate F. Arulanan- dom declared that facilities afforded FIND BURIED TREASURE Find buried gold, silver, coins, treasures with powerful new electronic detector. Most powerful made. Ultra sensitive. Penetrates deep into earth. Works through mud, beach ^i|^qir ^^aiB^^^ sand, rock, wood, etc. Signals ^^jI^'' (f l^^^s. when object is detected.

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40 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • DECEMBER 1973 "Delegates have left New York," laws. He said parking violations by spired vandalism against vehicles Schaufele, Jr., of cars with plates posed such declared William E. DPL a owned by diplomats. the U.S. delegation, "leaving strings of problem that henceforth all excuses Constantin unpaid bills, unpaid loans, unpaid credit from payment of fines would have to A. Stavropoulos, the card accounts and unpaid medical bills. be signed by the chief of mission rather U.N. legal counsel, also objected to I am not exaggerating when I say than by subordinate members as in the the idea of supplying the committee frankly that the situation is most seri- past. He declared that on the average with lists pinpointing those default- ous and cannot continue." night 20 DPL cars were left parked in Schaufele said that henceforth when front of fire hydrants until the follow- ing on their debts. Such a practice, debts remained unsettled, the United ing morning. he complained, would make the issue States would start identifying delega- As for running up bills, Schaufele "public gossip." tions that were running up debts. said that one delegation was seven And so the practice continues. Schaufele dropped his bombshell months behind on office rent and that during a session at which the committee another had not paid either telephone Diplomats enjoy special privileges, of 15 listened to the usual charges that or Telex bills for seven months. flout U.S. law^s, hide behind the cover the United States was not doing enough As expected, Schaufele's remarks of immunity, then complain about to protect diplomats in New York. touched some raw^ nerves. Russia's their unhappy life in York. Much of the session had been taken up New by Sergei N. Smirnov of the Soviet Smirnov said that U.S. criticism of One wonders what they would do if Union, who claimed that Russian per- parking violations in the past had the United States suddenly agreed to sonnel were being harassed by what not helped the reputation of the dip- their demands for a transfer and told they called "Zionist hooligans." lomatic community. Rather, he said, the United Nations to pull up stakes. Schaufele also had some words to say about flouting of New York traffic the unfavorable publicity had in- Or who would take it? end.

CONTINUED FROM PAGE 20 er Orion about the typesetter: ical, infernal nightmare thing" and Mark Twain's Investments "All the other wonderful inven- "the maddening, murderous, money- tions of the human brain sink pretty eating monster." ises at such a rate that he had to nearly into commonplace contrasted He first heard of the Paige Type- handle them with a shovel. It is with this mechanical miracle. Tele- setter in 1880 over the billiard table strange the way the ignorant and in- phones, telegraphs, locomotives, cot- of his Hartford home. A visitor de- experienced so often and so unde- ton gins, sewing machines, Babbage scribed a "fantastic typesetting ma- servedly succeed when the informed calculators, Jacquard looms, perfect- chine with limitless possibilities" and the experienced fail." ing presses, Arkwright's frames—all that was being "perfected" by its in- So went the many-faceted life of mere toys, simplicities! The Paige ventor, James W. Paige, in the Colt Samuel Clemens-Mark Twain. But Compositor marches alone and far in Arms factory in Hartford. According the disastrous climax came with his the lead of human inventions." to a reliable report, it could already involvement with the Paige Typeset- Many sad years later, Sam Clem- set six-point type at the rate of about ter. Sam Clemens wrote to his broth- ens called it "that damnable, diabol- 3,000 ems an hour, and when per- FREE 1974 EMBLEM CATALOG

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THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • DECEMBER 1973 41 CONTINUED FROM PAGE 41 me. There was a machine really set- that the "almost human machine" Mark Twain's Investments ting type, and doing it with swift- was "now almost flawless" and would ness and accuracy. Moreover, it was "soon be in perfect working order." fected should set 8,000 or more an automatically distributing its case at In February 1885, Mark Twain, as hour. Sam, in his youth an itinerant the same time. The machine was al- the Charles L. Webster Company, printer, recalled that 3,000 ems an most a complete compositor; it became a publisher with the release hour was nearly four times his best lacked but one feature—it did not of "The Adventures of Huckleberry speed. He bought $2,000 worth of 'justify' the lines [make them flush Finn." With advance orders for 50,- stock sight unseen. on the right hand side]. That was 000 copies, the new company was off But he did so, he said, "promising done by the operator's assistant. I to a fine start. Before the end of Feb- myself nothing ... I was always tak- saw the operator set at the rate of ruary, Clemens scored a tremendous

ing little chances like that." Right at 3,000 ems an hour, which . . . was coup by signing a contract with Gen- first he "held the opinion that a but little short of four casemen's eral Ulysses S. Grant to publish his successful typesetting machine was work." "Personal Memoirs," a manuscript an impossibility, for the reason that The machine then had many thou- sought by many pubflshers. The a machine cannot be made to sand separate parts, although not yet bankrupt General, very iU with can- think. ..." the 20,000, including 800 shaft bear- cer in his New York home, was la- When Sam saw the typesetter, he ings, that it would have in its most boring to complete it as a source of fell under the spell of it and its in- advanced stage. income for his faimily. Grant did ventor. James Paige was an attrac- William Hamersley, the Hartford complete the "Memoirs" before his city attorney, beside as he tive, persuasive young man who, it stood Sam death on July 23, 1885, and the Web- looked at the typesetter in operation was said, "had a way of smooth talk ster Company had a best seller. The for the first time. Hamersley said he that could become almost hypnotic." owned some stock in it and was going first royalty check Clemens paid Mrs. He had gotten a patent in December to buy all he could afford. Sam promptly Grant was for $200,000—the largest 1874, and had moved the following invested another $3,000. royalty payment in the history of In October 1881, Sam wrote Charles from Rochester to Hartford, that time. In all, the August Webster that the typesetter was "very publishing up to attracted by that city's abundance of much" his best investment and he Grant family realized over $450,000 investment capital and skilled me- hoped for "an opportunity to add to it." from the "Memoirs" and Clemens 1882 chanics. He had been working ever He left Hartford in mid-April of made a profit of over $150,000. for a long-planned trip on the Missis- since on his machine. It wasn't his certainly had a place for the sippi River to collect new material for Sam goal, Paige said, to make it "just the latter half of "Life On the Missis- money—the typesetter. He turned work." He was determined to make sippi." his attention from the publishing leaving, Clemens wrote it "a thing of perfection." Before Web- company to Paige's efforts to perfect ster that Hamersley would call on Sam Clemens now said that the the machine. Clemens convinced him- Charlie in New York to seek help in thing did think. "The performance I finding a contractor to invest $300,000 self at first that there was no similar witnessed did most thoroughly amaze in the machine. There'd be an initial machine in existence, and later that world sale of 100,000 of the typesetters, any competing machine would fall and the contractor would surely clear into oblivion in comparison with 2 million dollars on his investment You owe it to within five years. Paige's finished product. There is no evidence that the con- Actually, the Pianotype had set type yourself to try tractor-investor was located. Paige commercially as early as 1842. Several typesetting machines had been kept taking the machine apart and other developed and then discarded. Ottmar it together, and Sam kept this new pipe! putting Mergenthaler's Linotype, a fast-work- stating throughout 1883 and 1884 ing machine which cast fresh type in

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42 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • DECEMBER 1973 — .

single slugs of a line's length, had been the world, because he had such faith in Paige's top estimate. In October 1889, completed in 1884 and patented in 1885. it." he wrote Howells that he'd spent "perfect- Mergenthaler, a German-born watch- Meanwhile, Paige kept on $3,000 a month on the "infernal ap- working as a repairman of filed maker ing" his machine. In 1887, he a paratus" during the preceding 44 government clocks in Washington, was patent application which contained ten years later than Paige finishing months, and that it still wasn't ready 275 sheets of complicated drawings construction of his first machine, but for the market. Some years later he quit "tinkering toward perfection" and 123 pages of specifications. It Howells wrote that Clemens had put quite a long time before Paige. In 1884, years. It was was pending for eight total of into the type- backers of- a $300,000 Mergenthaler's financial a very complex machine, capable by fered to exchange a half interest in the setter. in the hands of a specially Linotype for a half interest in the 1890, Sam was putting the income from trained operator, of setting 12,000 Paige Typesetter, but Clemens and the Mark Twain books, the profit of Paige scornfully refused. At about that ems an hour, as against 8,000 ems by ma- the Webster Publishing Company, his time, Sam referred to the Paige the Linotype. But the Paige Typeset- chine as "a cunning creature that does wife's money, and money he bor- extremely delicate and re- everything but smoke, swear and go on ter was rowed from his in-laws, including it worked strike." peatedly broke down. When $10,000 from Livy's mother, into the it was indeed the "noble, beautiful On Aug. 20, 1885, Clemens wrote Paige machine. He remarked that his miracle" Sam Clemens said it was in his notebook that to date he had fortune and Livy's were being "in- but it very seldom worked. Sam's paid Paige $13,000—not too great an terred in the eternal thing." "mil- close friend, William Dean Howells, investment since he foresaw In he wrote elatedly the prominent literary figure, agreed January 1889, lions in it." Later that year, about that the typesetter was "finished," and that the machine did seem miracu- the time Sam knew the typesetter he scrawled in his notebook, "EURE- lous. But he warned Sam that Paige I line of movable type, was "practically perfected," Paige KA! have seen a was attempting to bring the typeset- spaced and justified by machinery! it and began building a new discarded is the first time in the history of ter "to a perfection so expensive that This one with a mechanical justifier. The the world that this amazing thing has it is practically impracticable." Sam inventor assured Sam that all ex- ever been done." Hours later he wrote wouldn't listen. penses connected with the new proj- his brother Orion a description of "the Clemens wrote his sister in Decem- immense historical birth" of the type- ect would not exceed $30,000 and ber 1887 that the typesetter had long setter and of its "superfine intelli- offered him half interest in the new gence." He inserted examples of the cost him $2,000 a month, and that machine if he would underwrite that machine's work in his notebook, in- month. amount. had now risen to $3,000 a cluding "the first proper name ever set on and on, but the typesetter by this new keyboard." The name was Clemens agreed. In February 1886, "We go Shakespeare it mis- goes on forever," he complained. The William and was he signed a contract by which he'd spelled. The next week, while European machine by that time had already have half interest and Hamersley a newspapers were reporting that "Mark cost Sam over $20,000 more than toil" with the tenth interest in the machine. One Twain's patient type- clause of the contract provided that it would be Sam's responsibility to "LIZZIE BORDEN TOOK AN AXE AND capitalize the project commercially, If you're big on GAVE HER MOTHER 40 WHACKS" to manufacture the machine and to Circus side shows, you'll promote it. Clemens' friend and busi- "When she saw what she had done, she ness adviser, Franklin G. Whitmore, love this just book. gave her father 41." warned him that that clause could The original ANOMALIES AND CURIOSITIES OF MEDICINE, an encyclopedia of rare and ex- This is only one of ruin him and pleaded with him not traordinary cases of abnormalities of medicine and hundreds of fascinat- to sign the contract, but Sam wouldn't surgery was first published in 1896. ing police cases of Today it's being published again in its entirety the last 150 years de- listen. He had several "fine schemes — 295 illustrations, 968 pages of text. Most of the scribed in A Pictorial ' photographs in this book were too frightening to History Of Crime by for the typesetter business." The *; show; and we sin- s Julian Symons—one of I main one involved capitalizing a par- cerely did not want the world's foremost to offend* anyone. authorities on crime. ent company at $1 million with sub- But without a doubt, In about 750 pictures England this is one of the and 80,000 words of text sidiaries in America and most interesting and are the authenticated to manufacture, as a beginning, 1,000 fascinating books cases of Jesse James, I we've ever come Jack tlie Ripper, Bonnie & Clyde, Sacco & Vanzetti, machines, and then rent them for across. AI Capone, Dutcli Scliultz, Dillinger, Ma Barlter, each year and he was anx- Never has one "Baby Face" Nelson,"Pretty Boy" FIoyd,"Tlie Scotts- $2,500 a — book on the subject boro Boys," Leopold and Loeb, The Lonely Hearts ious for Paige to get to work on the of human curiosi- Murders, Caryl Chessman, Christine Keeler, The ties contained so Assassination of JFK, the Great Train Robbery, new machine. much! Abnormal plus hundreds more! Even includes chapters on po- pregnancies. De- lice methods, detection, punishment, and corruption. Mark Twain had no book published formities, Sexual This hard covered, oversized (SVi" x IV/2"), fas- from the 1885 appearance of "Huckle- abnormalities. Hu- cinating volume is only $5.95 (plus post, and hand.) berry Finn" until the 1889 release of man monstrosities, and is sold with a full moneyback guarantee. Orig. Abnormal skin pub. at $10. Please use this coupon and print clearly. "A Connecticut Yankee in King Ar- growths and dis- thur's Court." He was for years too eases. Perverted ap- BROADWAY BOOKFINDERS, DEPT. AP 4 completely absorbed with the typeset- petites. Abnormal bone developments, 1966 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, N.Y. 10023 ter to do much writing for publication. Contortionists. following books marked be- He juggled figures and made plans and Such famous cases of human abnormalities as the Please RUSH me the is plus postage grotesque "Elephant-Man," the green "Alligator- low. Each book only $5.95 60^ and projected ever bigger schemes. is full money-back guar- Boy," the "Elastic Skin-Man," the famous "Siamese handling and sold with a as we'll post- Katy Leary, who started work Twins," Eng and Chang, plus hundreds and hun- antee. *Order 2 or more books and pay Mrs. Clemens' maid in 1880 and stayed dreds of others. age & handling. years, re- High as the entertainment value of this book how on with the family for 30 book price may be, it is really a very serious book. It was ported, "I'll tell about the type- many? you written by two doctors, giving in-depth medical ex- Pictorial History of Crime setting machine. . . . Mr. Clemens' planation of each abnormality covered. heart was just set on that, he believed Anomalies & Curiosities of Medicine WARNING: THIS BOOK IS NOT FOR THE SQUEAMISH! in it so. He was expecting such wonder- Postage and handling for one book .60 ful things from it. Why, he thought he To be honest with you, when we first saw this TOTAL ENCLOSED book, everyone at the office (Broadway Bookfinders) could buy all New York. He was asking Make check/M.O. payable to Broadway Bookfinders said, "Ugh." But once we got over the shock, we how much it would take to buy all the couldn't put the book down. Anyway, we felt we name railroads in New York, and all the had to include this book in our catalog. For those who enjoy this kind of reading and have a strong address newspapers, too . . . buy everything on stomach, you'll find this book fascinating, unusual account of the typesetting machine. guarantee. and very freaky! Only $5.95.moneyback . ziP- He thought he'd make millions and own THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • DECEMBER 1973 43 CONTINUED FROM PAGE 43 1888 that Webster resigned. Thereafter Sam blamed his nephew for all his Mark Twain's Investments financial difficulties. Webster died in 1891 at the age of 40, but Clemens' setter finally "been crowned with had wrath toward him still did not abate. taking the thing success," Paige was "I have never hated any creature," that because apart again. Whether was Sam wrote, "with a one hundred further work or because the it needed thousandth fraction of the hatred I not let well enough man simply could bear that human louse." told Clemens alone is not known. Paige Sam put Webster's untalented his purpose was "to work the stiffness in out of the machine's joints." By Sep- assistant charge of the failing pub- tember the machine was back together lishing company. In 1889, "A Con- again—and two months later it was necticut Yankee in King Arthur's again in parts, while Paige "corrected Court" saved the firm temporarily, a trifling defect." but siphoned the earnings In December 1889, Sam signed a Sam from new agreement with Paige by which the book into the typesetter, and the company remained in peril. Clemens would have all rights in the In the panic of 1893-94, when machine in return for manufacturing banks demanded payment on Webster it and for paying Paige $160,000 plus Company notes, Livy put the last of $25,000 yearly for 17 years. Clemens her inherited fortune, into had great hopes that he could get an $65,000, the company. Yet the firm went into old friend, John Percival Jones, the bankruptcy in April its millionaire U.S. Senator from Ne- 1894, unpay- able debts totalling $94,000. Sam vada, to invest in the typesetter. He clung wildly to the hope that the type- got pledges from Elmira bankers setter might yet be his salvation. contingent on Jones' participation. "You sure you want to go out?" But, in a test in the plant of the Chi- In April 1890, Senator Jones and THE AMERICAN LEGION jVIAGAZINE cago Times-Herald, it broke down some wealthy friends came to Hart- and failed completely. It never went ford to witness a demonstration of the pig-headed lunatic, its inventor, into production and was abandoned the typesetter, which Paige was sup- dies, it will instantly be capitalized late in 1894. Later, the Mergenthaler posed to have "in readiness." Clem- and make the Clemens children rich." Company, to clear complicated pat- ens wined and dined the potential This was an echo of his father's ents, bought from Paige his two mod- investors, and then took them to the deathbed words that the Tennessee els and all his rights and patents for Pratt and Whitney machine shop, lands would make Jiis children rich. $20,000. The Paige Typesetter, in- where for some years Paige and his In early of the summer 1891, Clem- volving total expenditure of 2 million assistants had worked. There before enses closed their Hartforcl home and dollars, has been called the costliest them, instead of a mechanical marvel went to Europe "to save on expenses." unworkable machine ever invented. ready for demonstration, was a jum- During the next two years Sam made several trips back to the United States So, Clemens bank- gears, Samuel was a ble of wheels, springs, screws, in desperate efforts to "shore up" the rupt before his 59th birthday. Even keys, cams, cogs, plates and levers. Webster Publishing Company and "feed his home and the copyrights to his The visitors caught the first train Paige's monster." The Webster Com- pany had gone downhill after publica- books were imperiled by the bank- back to New York, as Sam sank from tion of Grant's "Memoirs." Clemens ruptcy proceedings. He bitterly re- monumental rage into serious de- blamed it on Webster's inability to sented his ill fortune. He claimed that pression. secure any authors but Mark Twain all in God and mankind had singled him "The little bright-eyed . . . inven- whom the public was interested. The quarrel reached out for suffering. He was particularly tor," he wrote "is a most extraordi- had such a peak by nary compound of veracity and falsehood; of fidelity and treachery; of nobility and baseness; of pluck and cowardice; of towering genius ." and trivial ambitions. . . Paige and his assistants, Sam wrote more than once in his notebook, were "frauds and liars." Paige was a "microbe." Clemens got Senator Jones to re- turn in August 1890. The machine was assembled, it did work. The Sen- ator was impressed enough to acquire a six-month option to organize a company to manufacture and market it. Sam's spirits soared again. But on the day the option ran out, Jones wrote Clemens that conditions were unfavorable for such a venture. Several of the wealthy men he approached had already invested heavily in Mergenthaler's Linotype. Jones, Sam said, was a "penny- worshipping humbug and shuffler," a low member of "the whole damned human race." Strangely, his faith in the typesetter held strong. "It's worth millions," he wrote Orion, "and when

44 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • DECEMBER 1973 :

resentful against several of his old occupied many of his thoughts and his friends who had escaped financial private, unpublished writings. Daugh- ter Susy died in 1896, aged 24. After disaster. piled invective on Wil- He that Livy did not want to set foot in liam Hamersley, who had withdrawn the Hartford home again, and they sold from the typesetter promotion in it in 1902. Livy died in 1904. Daughter time to escape failure. Jean died at 29 in 1909. Mark Twain continued to write and to lecture until One of the country's biggest corpo- his death in 1910, aged 74 still widely rate and financial operators of the — sought as a speaker. He could still turn time, Henry H. Rogers, so dearly loved on his old humor for audiences, despite Mark Twain's writings that he had his growing sadness and bitterness. made it a point to meet him, and they And he never lost his enthusiasm for became close friends. Rogers now took gadgetry. Only the firm hand of Rogers charge of Clemens' financial affairs. kept him from getting deeply involved He managed to save the family home in new ventures among them the pro- and preserve the copyrights. At the end — motion of an Austrian machine for of the bankruptcy proceedings, Clemens weaving carpet patterns, and Plasmon, was free of legal debt, but he swore he a skimmed milk panacea for all human would pay every penny back to his ills. In spite of Rogers, Clemens did creditors within five years, as a moral sink in debt. $25,000 Plasmon. But he could Livy and daughter Clara accompanied still joke about having inherited his Sam on a year-long lecture tour of the father's "heavy curse of prospective world, starting in May 1895. Rogers wealth." Before he went to his grave continued to handle his finances. Be- in Elmira beside Livy, Susy and Jean, tween new books that he produced and a white-haired Mark Twain drawled his lectures, Clemens paid back every "There are two times in a man's life cent within three years. when he should not speculate, and The rest of his life was downhill. that's when he can't afford it, and when Bitterness and pity for the human race he can." end.

CONTINUED FROM PAGE 9 Americans have composed not a Christmas Carols few favorites. Both the words and music of "We Three Kings of Orient Christmas in England became more Are" are the work of Rev. J. H. Hop- and more boisterous. The festive ele- kins, of Williamsport, Pa., written ment virtually drove the sacred ele- about 1857. Phillips Brooks (1835- ment underground. It was a great age 1893), a famous clergyman of his for singing carols, chiefly about feasts "I DON'T BELIEVE IT! time, wrote "Oh Little Town of and great plates with boars' heads, " for his Philadelphia Sun- This new and songs dedicated to day school class in the Christmas thing actually turns your drinking to the season's joy. season of 1868. It was set to music of hand into a vacuum cleaner." A reaction set in with the Puritan Lewis Redner, about whom most his- Did you ever hear of such a thing? You put rebellion of Oliver Cromwell. It cost this thing in the palm of your hand—and tories are vague. Brooks was later wherever you place your hand it picks up the king his head in 1649, and almost Episcopal Bishop of Massachusetts. dirt, lint, crumbs just like a regular vacuum wiped out the old carols. Before he cleaner. Actually turns your hand into a Edmund Sears, a Massachusetts vacuum cleaner. Perfect new appliance for was through, Cromwell, as Lord Pro- picking dirt on sofas, drapes, car seats, Unitarian minister, wrote the words up tector of England, abolished the cele- desk tops—does a fantastic job crumbing to "It Came Upon a Midnight Clear" the dinner table. Great for billiard table. bration of Christmas entirely and in 1849. He set it to music written by Weighs about 10 ounces. Works like a reg- made it a fast day. Though the crown ular sized vacuum cleaner. Has a brush to of his, a friend but later a Massachu- pick up dirt. Good suction. No Ijag to empty was ultimately restored, the gloomy setts organist, Richard S. Willis —just remove top—and empty, the way you temper of the land took a long time would an ashtray. (1819-1900) composed the tune by to vanish. According to the Oxford Works on two regular batteries, which are which we know the carol today. included. A beautifully built appliance, in of Carols, most of the old carols Book Felix Mendelssohn, Martin Luther, bright orange. You'll wonder how you only survived in English because they passed (Monday without it. Money back if Charles Wesley and Phillips Brooks not pleased. $9.95 complete. were kept alive in Wales, Cornwall are not the only well-known person- and various remote rural areas. It ages of music, religion or verse who was almost 200 years well into the SlfilCE 19ZZ\^ t> — have written words or music to fa- last century—before the original Westmoreland Avenue, White Plains, N.Y. 10606 miliar carols, or who have borrowed { H M MAIL NO-RISK COUPON TODAY h tm wedding performed by St. Francis in m from them. Shakespeare and Ben WALLACE BROWN, Dept. TVC-5 0 1223 was restored in London and "I Johnson wrote carols that are still Westmoreland Ave., While Plains, N.Y. 10606 other English cities. The carols re- Please send me the following Hand Vacuum published and sung. Adolphe Adam Cleaner(s) with full money-back guarantee if I turned, not as boisterous as in Eliza- I I (1803-1856), one of the most prolific am not delighted. n bethan times but more decently I One for $9.95 Two for $18.95 I of French light opera composers, balanced between the sacred and the I Add $1.00 postage and handling for each. ' wrote "O Holy Night." Bach wrote New York State residents please add festive. I | magnificent . His appropriate sales tax. - The Wesleys of the English church, I Enclosed is Check for $ ' "Christmas Oratorio" is hardly a who founded the Methodist Church, I Money Order for $ I carol, but "How Brightly Beams the or charge my Master Charge contributed greatly to the store of I | BankAmericard American Express _ Morning Star" is among the loveliest songs that were on hand when carol- of carols. Another Bach carol is "A Card Number Exp. Date ling in English blossomed anew in I | Child is Born in Bethlehem." Interbank (Master Charge only) the 1800's. John Wesley's brother, I # | George Frederick Handel (1685- Signature Charles, wrote verses for about 6,500 I I 1759) composed "," hymns in the 1700's. Many of them I Name (please print) I is using verses of Isaac Watts, an Eng- have become carols. One "Hark the I Address Apt. No ' Herald Angels Sing," set to music of lish clergyman of Handel's time who I City state Zip ' Felix Mendelssohn's. (Continued on next page) b H a DIVISION OF BEVIS INDUSTRIES, INC. H H J

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • DECEMBER 1973 45 .

CONTINUED Heard on High" (French), and no end Christmas Carols of others. $ Standi Among modern popular songs, Irv- wrote more hymns than sermons. ing Berlin's "White Christmas" Handel, a German musical prodigy, comes close to having the status of spent years in Italy, then became a a 20th century carol. As a Jewish British citizen. He borrowed freely composer, Berlin, of course, could from ancient Italian airs. A part of not write of the Nativity. Instead, he America his famous oratorio "The Messiah" is wrote of Christmas snow and glisten- based on an Italian carol of unknown ing trees, of children listening for As America approaches her origin. "In Bethlehem was Born the sleighbells, of Christmas cards and bicentennial, Americans have Holy Child." days that are merry and bright. much to be proud of. By far the most carols are so old "White Christmas" is a prime ex- These beautiful items cele- that their authors are unknown, and ample of how the spirit if not the they are simply called "traditional." letter of the traditional Christmas brate America's 200th birthday. "The First Noel" is sometimes said season, as St. Francis envisioned it, They're ideal for gifts, prizes, to be French, sometimes English. No- has been caught and expressed in or for yourself. body knows. Numerous traditional song by artists to whose religion the carols are called "Greensleeves" or sacred meaning of the Christmas holi- Liberty Bell

"Greensleaves." "Deck the Hall," one day is alien. In the winter of 1944-45, Necklace . . . of the most rollicking of carols, is a group of homesick GI's in a jungle Available with gold traditional and said to be Welsh. theater in New Guinea made Berlin or silver finish, each "Oh ," under the sing "White Christmas" over and with flag in color and name of Tannenbaum," is tradi- over, though his voice was tired and "O matching chain. Bell tional German, and of course provides cracked. One can imagine St. Francis nieasures 2% in. x 2". the tune for "Maryland, My Mary- with his arm around Berlin, saying: 29 in. chain. land." Other traditionals include "I "We are not as different as our faiths Saw Three Ships," "God Rest you make us seem, and you are welcome $2.48 ea. Merry, Gentlemen," "Here We Come to my creche, anytime." Declaration of a-Wassailing," "Angels We have MALCOLM G. POMEROY. Independence

Plaque . . CONTINUED FROM PAGE 7 homes and in their private lives. Engraved brass Make It on Less Fuel I agree with a Wall Street Journal plate editorial of Oct. 25, that with less mounted walled office buildings to houses that paternalism and fewer "guidelines," on mahogany frame. were built shy of insulation to keep but with more challenge to individual Flags are the initial cost down and hang the initiative, we can really save our fuel in color. Self upkeep cost to the occupant. this winter. Let the leadership (said contained stand folds Industry is actually the biggest the Journal) "appeal to Americans in for wall mounting. fuel waster in the land, office build- to use their own initiative in finding llVi

in. wide x 15Vi . ings are probably next. In both, the ways to use less fuel." Amen! I $16.00 ea. waste is so thoroughly engineered know that, from my typewriter, I in. high. into the design that to get it out may not even be able to guess what Solid Brass would take years. A crash program, ingenious fuel saving you may con- short range, is almost entirely up to trive, based on the circumstances of Bicentennial the ingenuity of the people in their your own home, life and family, end Desk Set . . .

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THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • DECEMBER 1973 47 WELCOME QUERY

What is my age? I'm glad you asked. I was mumbledy-mumble This last birthday past. PARTING SHOTS Betiie Creemer Feist

THE WAY IT IS Some friends are like blisters, never show up until after the work is done. George E. Bergman THE UN-FAIR SEX Girls talk earlier than boys, A truth we all have found; It gives women a head start, And they never do lose ground. John W. Loveland WRITE ON! Correspondence nut: Letter bug. S. S. BiDDLE OUT OF PRACTICE My TV set Is on the blink; At last I've got A chance to think.

So what a shock. To find that now It seems I can't Remember how. F. O. Walsh

. pizza?" "Oops, sorry, man . . was that your FORGETFUL BOSSIE give milk of am- THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE Absent-minded cows nesia.

J. C. Salak LATE NIGHT TRIBUTE NOT FOR HIM TO CRITICIZE Eveiy night a pledge I make. Not to eat that last piece of cake. At a recent Sunday morning sermon, our minister emphasized that I also make a solemn vow. most people are guilty of neglect in regular Bible study. To illustrate, he Not to nibble on that chunk of cow. told a story about one of his fellow students at the seminary. Their pro- But no bond, oath, promise or guarantee fessor, a graying, staunchly religious, old ex-minister had been giving Can ever make me forego my late night tv. the same final test to his classes for years. It consisted of one question; Maryls Tennyson Binger "Name the Biblical kings of Israel." The classmate had studied the names until he knew them thoroughly, and on test day, he anxiously awaited the question to be written on the blackboard. A wry smile wreathed the professor's wrinkled old face as he wrote on the board; "Criticize the character of Moses." As thoughts became words and pens hit paper, the student with the memory for names was still pondering the question. After the test, our minister told us, he asked his classmate what he had written. The classmate replied, "I simply wrote Tar be it for me to criticize the character of such a holy man as Moses, but here are the " Biblical kings of Israel!' George E. Whittaker

BROKEN BY THE COFFEE BREAK

"I hear ySii're leaving the company next week," said one office girl to another when they met at the drinking fountain. "What's the matter, don't you like working here?"

"Oh, I like the job, the other girl answered. "It's the best one I ever had."

"Well, it surely can't be because of the benefits we get," the first girl remarked. "Why, they give us more benefits here than at any other place I've ever worked." "You tell me what the world's com- "That's the whole problem," said the girl who was quitting. "We get ing to when a fella gets mugged so many coffee breaks that I can't get to sleep at night." in a dark corridor of the church!" F. G. Kernan THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE

48 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • DECEMBER 1973 ShareAmerica's Whiskey.

When you head out for a Christmas party in the country, sometimes you find the roads aren't plowed. Sometimes you find there aren't any roads. But no matter. A little snow won't hold you back. Not when the lodge is i just around the bend. Where the fire is crackling, and a turkey's turning on the spit. It's a time when old friends make new friends, and everyone shares the joy of the season. It's a time when all over America, people share the friendly taste of Seagram's 7 Crown. Not only as a gift, but in the holiday drinks they serve. Seagram's 7 is America's favorite whiskey. Especially for America's favorite time of year. Give Seagram's 7 Crown. It's America's favorite.

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