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Reservation System in India: Pros and Cons High Technology Letters ISSN NO : 1006-6748 Reservation System in India: Pros and Cons C. Kalprajsinh BBA Student, IFIM College, Bangalore [email protected] Avaiya Akshit BBA Student, IFIM College, Bangalore [email protected] Avaiya Samip BBA Student, IFIM College, Bangalore [email protected] Prof. S. Prabhakar Assistant Professor, IFIM College [email protected] Prof. Namrata Nanda* Research Mentor, Accendere Knowledge Management Services, Bangalore [email protected] Volume 26, Issue 5, 2020 522 http://www.gjstx-e.cn/ High Technology Letters ISSN NO : 1006-6748 Abstract Purpose: This research article analyses the reservation policy based on the cast system and discusses the categories that are eligible based on government research data. This study covers all benefits and disadvantage of the reservation system, effect of the reservation policy on the society, contribution to the socio-economic development of the nation. To reflect the effects of the reservation policy on the general caste category and then loathe towards the government for not making any changes in the policy even after decades. Methodology: Secondary analysis of conceptual paper is the method for the study. Many articles related to the topic is analyzed and the study is concluded. Originality: India is the developing country and facing to many challenges and the reservationsystem is one of them.15% of the government jobs and 15% of the students admitted to collegeand universities must be from Scheduled castes and for the scheduled communities there is reservation of about 7.5% and the state government also follow their own reservation policyaccording to the population structure of each. Findings: It is very much suitable that everyone has to try to elevate themself on the basis of merit and performance not by using caste based shortcuts in employment as well as in education. Eventually, admissions and recruitment should be based on merit not base on reservation particularly in higher education.. Keywords: Reservation, Discrimination, Social Justice, Constitution, Backward Community, Untouchables, Clauses of Reservation. Volume 26, Issue 5, 2020 523 http://www.gjstx-e.cn/ High Technology Letters ISSN NO : 1006-6748 Introduction Recently, reservation in our country is one of the burning issues. Behind the reservation game, the clauses of reservation in our constitution put by the politicians for SC, ST, OBC depending on conditions of those days when people were discriminated based on the caste. In the current scenario, the youth is facing discrimination due to the reservation system as the general caste candidates are getting less vacancies as compared to SC, ST, OBC in the higher education as well as public sector jobs. There was a decade when SC, ST, OBC faced inequality, discrimination in the Indian society due to false beliefs, rituals, orthodox mindset of the people but today India has achieved a position where the citizens are more educated and have modernized and changed the mindset and as a result the people under SC , ST, OBC have achieved equal position in the society and most of them are not facing any discrimination. Whereas the Reservation system in India seems unjust to the general castes, resulting into less importance to the talented and hardworking candidates. As a result, most of the students are opting for higher studies in foreign countries, as well as for the better opportunity of jobs abroad. In India, in almost every field there is 49% reservation. We have 95% government officers/ teachers belong from reservations. India attained independence on 15th August 1947. In that time Indian National Congress party decided to make it democratic country. The authority to make the constitution was given to Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar (PhD) by Mr. Gandhi and Mr. Nehru. In that time Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar made reservation for 10 year for the progress of poor fellows in India. After the completion of 10 years SC and ST fought for reservation to be extended as they enjoyed their reservations. And till date there is reservation in India. The article 15(4) of Indian Constitution, provides the constitutional basis for education reservation. Reservation denotes the affirmative or positive action, it gives certain preferences to certain groups of castes over the others. Reservation system has been able to uplift the living conditions of the backward people of the society. For fighting the ignorance and bringing the long-lasting social change most powerful tool is ‘Education’. The level of education measures the country’s progress. The universal right to education, which is the basic element for the quality of life, is being denied to the underprivileged classes and Scheduled caste’s community especially. To raise the economic conditions and the social status of SC/ST’s what has greatly helped is the Reservation System. In India, there is a massive demand for the higher studies. But on the contrary it is under-provided for the required Volume 26, Issue 5, 2020 524 http://www.gjstx-e.cn/ High Technology Letters ISSN NO : 1006-6748 education quality. Constituently, in the top institutions for admission seats particularly there is a stern rationing. The reservation is not the issue here, but how to obtain the best results for the current social circumstances by the application of the reservation system. The above article is to bring to the notice of the government about the loopholes of the Indian reservation system, which seems unjust for the general caste, as the quota for the candidates belonging to general caste is very less and the number of candidates belonging to the general caste is very huge. For example, a person born in a middleclass family which belongs to general caste, who is good in studies, hard working as well as talented whereas a person enjoying the reservation quota although being an average candidate gets preference over the general caste candidate. In every field, whether it be education or job in the public sector unit. This discourages the general caste candidates. The Indian youth is very smart and talented, they do not encourage their efforts being exploited and as a result the youth is raising their voices towards the system. Recently in Gujarat, India there were movements by the ‘Patidars ’ which caused a great disturbance for the government and also the destruction of public property causing crores of loss to the government. So, to stop any further violence and hindrances in the economy the government should take a look into the matter and bring equality for the general caste as well as SC/ST/OBC. Thus, encouraging pure hard work. Every capable candidate should be given equal opportunities to chase his/her dreams and contribute towards the development of the Indian economy and society. Literature Review N Shahab et al (2018) has studied about Policy Perspectives in Special Education in India aiming with the objectives. This research study involves the perceptions and current policies in relation with the individuals requires specific needs. Based on the theoretical method of the study and it was found that the education is foreseeable for which different barriers viz. social, environmental, attitudinal and instructional must be surmounted and there is an important requirement to change and effect the policies without any delay. For future research achieving the rights of the disabled, total comprehensive education is certain for which different barriers like social, environmental, attitudinal, and instructional has to be overcome and there is an immediate requirement to review and implement the policies on time. Vyas Dipika et al (2018) analyzed the topic Reservation: The Reason behind the Degrading Education Quality of India, targeting with the objectives to know about present reservation system Volume 26, Issue 5, 2020 525 http://www.gjstx-e.cn/ High Technology Letters ISSN NO : 1006-6748 from the point of view of students with the help of open ended questionnaire, on the basis of the Empirical method of the study and found out that 95% students believes that the present reservation system needs to be altered as they feel that the seats of deserving students are being stole by the one who are enjoying the system advantages. For Future Research, SC & ST are capable enough represent themselves equally then this reservation policy is pulling them down without giving them the opportunity to learn to fight for their own self with their own capabilities. Mr. S. Yesu Suresh Raj et al (2015) analyzed the Reservation system in India targeting with the objectives to explain provision and impact of reservation system of Indian constitution on the basis of the Empirical method of the study and found out that now if any changes in the reservation system are made, they will suffer as the 33% of the total voting belongs to SC & ST. For Future Research The reservation policy was only for 10 years but it is continuing till now for upliftment of SC and ST and no step has been taken by anyone to stop it. Parasuram Aishwarya et al (2015) analyzed the topic Social Network Analysis of the Caste-Based Reservation System in India, targeting with the objectives to analyze the different cluster formation that takes place in the Indian society, and as a result he finds large due effect of caste- based homophily, on the basis of Theoretical method of the study and found out that because of the reservation system the social capital of the backward class has significantly improved. For Future Research, we will study the social structure for further information in the Indian subcontinent and reach certain percentage of reservation, which we identify as the Ideal/Optimum Number, which if applicable, will soon make the most advancement. Neeraj (2018) analyzed role of reservation in development of scheduled caste population in India with objectives of impact of reservation on the Scheduled Caste population of India and based on empirical and he found out that even after fifty-nine years of Independence, the reservation status of SCs in all Government branches has been unsatisfactory and the reservation policy has been underutilized.
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