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Integrating Civil Affairs CIVIL AFFAIRS ISSUE PAPERS VOLUME 6, 2019–2020 Integrating Civil Affairs 2019 CIVIL AFFAIRS SYMPOSIUM WORKSHOP REPORT Integrating Civil Affairs in Convergent Multi-Domain and Information Operations Environments Across the Competition Continuum by Colonel Dennis J. Cahill, USA, Ret., & Colonel Christopher Holshek, USA, Ret. ISSUE PAPER ISSUE PAPER Civil Affairs as a Function of Smart Power Changing the Business Model Part II: by Captains Kevin Chapla, James P. Micciche Integrating Civil Affairs as a Compass for & Kyle Staron Expeditionary Diplomacy by Robert Schafer & Lieutenant Colonel Shafi ISSUE PAPER Saiduddin Private-Sector Developed Capabilities, Not Readiness, is the Key to Civil Affairs’ Future ISSUE PAPER by Major Giancarlo Newsome, Colonel Bradford Integrating Civil Affairs Through the Hughes & Colonel Douglas R. Hurst Application of Battlefield-Relevant Civil Information Management ISSUE PAPER by Major Brian J. Hancock, Dr. Timothy P. Darr, Civil Knowledge Battalion: Integrating Civil Riannon Hazell & Peter Grazaitis Affairs with the Information Environment by Major Ian Duke Integrating Civil Affairs CIVIL AFFAIRS ISSUE PAPERS, VOLUME 6, 2019–2020 THE CIVIL AFFAIRS ASSOCIATION ASSOCIATION OF THE UNITED STATES ARMY Integrating Civil Affairs CIVIL AFFAIRS ISSUE PAPERS, VOLUME 6, 2019–2020 PRESENTED BY The Civil Affairs Association AND THE Association of the United States Army IN COORDINATION WITH THE U.S. Army John F. Kennedy Special Warfare Center and School/ Special Operations Center of Excellence, the Reserve Officers Association, the Foreign Area Officers Association, the Alliance for Peacebuilding, AND THE U.S. Global Leadership Coalition EDITED BY Christopher Holshek COPY EDITED BY Larry Rubini These papers represent the opinions of the authors and should not be taken to represent the views of the Department of the Army, the Depart- ment of Defense, the United States government, the Civil Affairs Asso- ciation, the Association of the United States Army or their members. 1 Foreword by Colonel Joseph P. Kirlin III, USA, Ret. 5 Executive Summary by Colonel Christopher Holshek, USA, Ret. 2019 CIVIL AFFAIRS SYMPOSIUM WORKSHOP REPORT 13 Integrating Civil Affairs in Convergent Multi-Domain and Information Operations Environments Across the Competition Continuum by Colonel Dennis J. Cahill, USA, Ret., & Colonel Christopher Holshek, USA, Ret. CIVIL AFFAIRS ISSUE PAPERS 21 Civil Affairs as a Function of Smart Power by Captains Kevin Chapla, James P. Micciche & Kyle Staron 31 Private-Sector Developed Capabilities, Not Readiness, is the Key to Civil Affairs’ Future by Major Giancarlo Newsome, Colonel Bradford Hughes & Colonel Douglas R. Hurst 41 Civil Knowledge Battalion: Integrating Civil Affairs with the Information Environment by Major Ian Duke 49 Changing the Business Model Part II: Integrating Civil Affairs as a Compass for Expeditionary Diplomacy by Robert Schafer & Lieutenant Colonel Shafi Saiduddin 57 Integrating Civil Affairs Through the Application of Battlefield- Relevant Civil Information Management by Major Brian J. Hancock, Dr. Timothy P. Darr, Riannon Hazell & Peter Grazaitis Foreword The 2019 Civil Affairs (CA) Symposium in Tampa, Florida, was the most substantive and productive we’ve had so far. The 120 members of the expanded CA family beyond the CA Corps—representing a highly-diverse community of operators, leaders, entrepreneurs and thinkers, which included participants from Canada, the United Kingdom, Germany, Hungary, Nigeria and the Pacific Basin—found energized consensus about integrating CA well beyond as well as within the CA Corps. The emerging realization was that CA can find better integration, more than as a mere force multiplier, as a force for influence, collaboration and competition in a world of convergent threats and challenges. But there was also a reality check from Major General Darrel Guthrie, Commanding General of the U.S. Army Civil Affairs and Psychological Operations Command (Airborne) [USACAPOC(A)]: “We must become an adaptable, agile learning organization or we will be replaced by one that is.” He also called for “harnessing collective influence” in making CA a greater force for in- fluence and collaboration in convergent multi-domain and information operations (IO) envi- ronments across the whole of the competition continuum. The Corps must first draw on and reinforce its core competencies and capabilities, making them better known and understood to its supported commands and agencies by more aggressively “telling the civil affairs story” with the strategic narrative emerging from our platforms. In addition to ensuring that the Symposium’s many insights, ideas and recommendations are integrated in the CA Force Modernization Assessment, we must get the Army Futures Com- mand and other major service institutions more involved in our established CA force devel- opment deliberations and leveraging the Civil Affairs Issue Papers, One CA Podcasts and the many articles we have posted in the Small Wars Journal and other publications. The Corps must also seize opportunities for greater impact on influence operations through national strategic initiatives. One is the 2018 Stabilization Assistance Review, in which CA can realize its role as the force of choice for DoD in U.S. interagency stabilization across compe- tition and the full range of operations; this is a contemporary example of how CA can “secure the victory.” Fortunately, the Symposia and Roundtables have provided unique platforms for dialogue on civil-military integration for stabilization operations. Whether at the tactical, oper- ational or strategic levels, CA becomes more effective working by, with and through interorga- nizational partners in consolidation and competition. Another strategic opportunity is through the State Department’s Global Engagement Cen- ter (GEC). We were most fortunate to have Special Envoy and GEC Coordinator Lea Gabrielle for our keynote presentation, “Civil Affairs and America’s Global Influence through Local En- gagement.” She recognized how the GEC and CA are natural partners in winning the global competition for influence because of CA’s longstanding role as the military’s primary civil reconnaissance and engagement capability and as an instrument of “expeditionary diploma- cy” for well over a century. These “warrior-diplomats,” however, also stand to gain much by leveraging the GEC for strategic information and guidance to win the battle of the narrative in especially irregular and hybrid warfare. Special Envoy Gabrielle stands ready to advocate CA to national leadership. FOREWORD 1 The other good news is that the Corps and its extended family are well-positioned to heed the warnings as well as seize the opportunities before them. Progress is already being made, for example, in forward-looking thinking, as reflected in the “Civil Affairs Operations: 2025 and Beyond” white paper, the 2019 Marine Corps Concept for Civil Affairs and in the revitalization of the 38G functional specialist program. USACAPOC(A) has already grabbed the bull by the horns on integrating its CA, psychological operations (PSYOP) and IO capabilities as part of its seven-year force development strategy—which we can learn a lot about from the Marines and our allies. The Association, in turn, has continued to build on established platforms and tools for intel- lectual capitalization for force development, to help tell the CA story and to assist in generating a universal narrative that advocates and identifies CA’s many strategic as well as operational values. We must work to make them better known to Army, Marine and joint commanders, as well as interagency and interorganizational leadership and policymakers, to include members of Congress and the public and media at large. The Issue Papers form the Association’s capstone to deepen and broaden the formal pro- cesses for CA force development along the lines of policy, doctrine, organization, training, ma- teriel, leadership and education, personnel and facilities (DOTMLPF-P). Now in their seventh year of advancing a more strategic, comprehensive understanding of CA, they also contribute to fostering a learning organization that must go beyond military command structures and the CA Corps, including allies and counterpart civil-military organizations and interorganizational partners. While the findings, opinions and recommendations of this singular semi-formal source document are representative of the extended family of the CA Corps, they do not represent official opinion of any kind. This document enables operator input to the CA service proponent offices, on force development and doctrinal issues, giving voice to those with the greatest stake in the future of their force. These papers are also increasingly read at major service, joint com- mand and defense policy levels. Thanks to the Association of the United States Army (AUSA), this will become even more possible. Because more of the papers than the five printed here were very worthy of publication and contained insightful ideas, the Association now offers options for publication of paper-based articles in its brand-new Eunomia Journal online, as well as in the Small Wars Journal and professional journals, with the assistance of the Publication Advisory Board. While one goal is to mainstream CA into the larger discussions of the Army and Marines, the joint force and na- tional security issues, the other is to help improve CA writing skills as a function of intellectual readiness and building human capital. At this
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