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Laurence Bergreen D D Rio De La Plata Rio De La Plata Cape of Good Hope,Cape of Good Hope, O O N N I I C C Mocha Is

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Laurence Bergreen D D Rio De La Plata Rio De La Plata Cape of Good Hope,Cape of Good Hope, O O N N I I C C Mocha Is 90˚ 105˚90˚ 120˚105˚ 135˚ 120˚150˚ 135˚ 165˚150˚ 180˚ 165˚165˚ 180˚ 150˚165˚ 135˚150˚ 120˚135˚ 120˚ 90˚ 75˚ 90˚ 60˚75˚ 45˚ 60˚30˚ 45˚ 15˚ 30˚0˚ 15˚ 15˚ 0˚30˚ 15˚ 45˚ 30˚60˚ 45˚ 60˚ 75˚ 75˚ 75˚ 75˚ 70˚ 70˚FranFrancis Drciaks Dre’sake’s 70˚ 70˚ CircumCircnaumviganativiongation of thofe Wotherl Wod rld ARCTIC CIRCLE ARCTIC CIRCLE Nov. 15No77v.–S 15ep77t.–S 15ep80t. 1580 60˚ 60˚ 60˚ 60˚ ENGLAND ENGLAND NORTH NORTH EUROPE EUROPE Plymouth, Sept. Plymouth,26, 1580 Sept. 26, 1580 Nov. 15, 1577 Nov. 15, 1577 45˚ 45˚ Terceira, Azores Terceira, Azores 45˚ 45˚ ASIA ASIA Sept. 11, 1580 Sept. 11, 1580 New Albion New Albion AMERICA AMERICAA A June–July 1579 June–July 1579 t l t l a n a n t t i c i c Mogador Is. MoCapegador Cantin Is. Cape Cantin 30˚ 30˚ O O 30˚ 30˚ c c e e a a n n Cape Barbas Cape Barbas In Search of a CapeKingdom Verde IslandsCape Verde Islands 15˚ 15˚ Philippines Philippines 15˚ 15˚ ? ? PANAMA PANAMA AFRICA AFRICA Guatulco Guatulco SIERRA SIERRA Mindanao Mindanao Equator crossed Equator crossed LEONE LEONE Palau, Sept. 30, Pa1579lau, Sept. 30, 1579 P a c P a c i f i i f i Caño Is. Caño Is. FrAncisFeb. 20, 1578 Fe b.DrAke, 20, 1578 elizAbeth i, AnD the c c March 16, 1579 March 16, 1579 0˚ 0˚ Ternate Ternate O O EQUATOR 0˚ EQUATOR 0˚ c e c e Sumatra Sumatra a a Fernando de NoronhFernaando de Noronha n n Paita Paita Perilous birth oF the british emPire Java Java PERU SOPEUTRUH SOUTH March 26, 1580 March 26, 1580 Lima, El Callao Lima, El CallaoAMERICA AMERICA n n 15˚ 15˚ 15˚ 15˚ a a e e Henderson Is. Henderson Is. c c O O I I Todos os Santos Todos os Santos 30˚ n 30˚ n Coquimbo CoquimboApril 5, 1578 April 5, 1578 30˚ 30˚ d d n n i i Valparaíso, Dec. Va5, lp1578araíso, Dec. 5, 1578 a a a a i i n n lAurence bergreen d d Rio de la Plata Rio de la Plata Cape of Good Hope,Cape of Good Hope, O O n n I I c c Mocha Is. Mocha Is. June 15, 1580 June 15, 1580 e e a a 45˚ 45˚ n n 45˚ 45˚ Port Saint Julian Port Saint Julian Strait of Magellan,Strai Aug.t of 20, M 1578agellan, Aug. 20, 1578 Elizabeth Island, Oct.Elizab 28,eth 1578 Island, Oct. 28, 1578 60˚ 60˚ 60˚ 60˚ ANTARCTIC CIRCLEANTARCTIC CIRCLE 70˚ 70˚ 70˚ 70˚ 0 Miles 0 1500Miles 15003000 3000 0 Kilometers 0 Kilometer3000s 3000 75˚ 75˚ Scale at Equator Scale at Equator 75˚ 75˚ © 2020 Jeffrey L. W ©ar 2020d Jeffrey L. Ward 90˚ 105˚90˚ 120˚105˚ 135˚ 120˚150˚ 135˚ 165˚150˚ 180˚165˚ 165˚ 180˚ 150˚ 165˚135˚ 150˚ 120˚135˚ 120˚ 90˚ 75˚ 90˚60˚ 75˚ 45˚ 60˚30˚ 45˚ 15˚ 30˚ 0˚15˚ 15˚ 0˚30˚ 15˚ 45˚ 30˚ 60˚ 45˚ 60˚ InSearchofaKingdom_9780062875358_Final_CL1218_CC19.indd 4 12/18/20 InSearchofaKingdom_9780062875358_Final_CL1218_CC19.indd 12:30 PM 5 12/18/20 12:30 PM in search of a kingdom. Copyright © 2021 by Laurence Bergreen. All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America. No part of this book may be used or reproduced in any manner whatsoever without written permis- sion except in the case of brief quotations embodied in critical articles and reviews. For information, address HarperCollins Publishers, 195 Broadway, New York, NY 10007. HarperCollins books may be purchased for educational, business, or sales promotional use. For information, please email the Special Markets Depart- ment at [email protected]. first edition Maps by Jeffrey L. Ward Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Names: Bergreen, Laurence, author. Title: In search of a kingdom : Francis Drake, Elizabeth I, and the perilous birth of the British Empire / Laurence Bergreen. Other titles: Francis Drake, Elizabeth I, and the perilous birth of the British Empire Description: First edition. | New York, NY : Custom House, [2021] | Includes bibliographical references and index. Identifiers: LCCN 2020039354 (print) | LCCN 2020039355 (ebook) | ISBN 9780062875358 (hardcover) | ISBN 9780062875365 (trade paperback) | ISBN 9780063062979 | ISBN 9780062875389 (ebook) Subjects: LCSH: Drake, Francis, approximately 1540-1596. | Elizabeth I, Queen of England, 1533-1603. | Privateering—History—16th century. | Voyages around the world—History—16th century. | Explorers—Great Britain—Biography. | Admirals—Great Britain—Biography. | Great Britain—History, Naval—Tudors, 1485-1603. | Great Britain—History—Elizabeth, 1558-1603. Classification: LCC E129.D7 B47 2021 (print) | LCC E129.D7 (ebook) | DDC 942.05/50922 [B]—dc23 LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2020039354 LC ebook record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2020039355 ISBN 978-0-06-287535-8 21 22 23 24 25 lsc 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 2 InSearchofaKingdom_9780062875358_FinalREV_CC19.indd 6 12/23/20 11:32 AM 90˚ 105˚90˚ 120˚105˚ 135˚ 120˚150˚ 135˚ 165˚150˚ 180˚ 165˚165˚ 180˚ 150˚165˚ 135˚150˚ 120˚135˚ 120˚ 90˚ 75˚90˚ 60˚75˚ 45˚60˚30˚ 45˚ 15˚30˚0˚ 15˚ 15˚0˚30˚ 15˚ 45˚30˚60˚ 45˚ 60˚ 75˚ 75˚ 75˚ 75˚ 70˚ 70˚ FranFrancis Drcisak Dre’aks e’s 70˚ 70˚ CircCiumrcnaumvinagavitigaontion of thofe thWoerl Wodrld ARCTIC CIRCLE ARCTIC CIRCLE Nov. 15No77v.–S 15ep77t.–S 15ep80t. 1580 60˚ 60˚ 60˚ 60˚ ENGLAND ENGLAND NORTH NORTH EUROPE EUROPE Plymouth, Sept.Plymouth, 26, 1580 Sept. 26, 1580 Nov. 15, 1577 Nov. 15, 1577 45˚ 45˚ Terceira, AzoresTerceira, Azores 45˚ 45˚ ASIA ASIA Sept. 11, 1580 Sept. 11, 1580 New Albion New Albion AMERICA AMERICA A A June–July 1579June–July 1579 t l t l a n a n t t i c i c Mogador Is. MoCapegador Cantin Is. Cape Cantin 30˚ 30˚ O O 30˚ 30˚ c c e e a a n n Cape Barbas Cape Barbas Cape Verde IslanCadspe Verde Islands 15˚ 15˚ Philippines Philippines 15˚ 15˚ ? ? PANAMA PANAMA AFRICA AFRICA Guatulco Guatulco SIERRA SIERRA Mindanao Mindanao Equator crossedEquator crossed LEONE LEONE Palau, Sept. 30,Pa 1579lau, Sept. 30, 1579 P a c P a c i f i i f i Caño Is. Caño Is. Feb. 20, 1578 Feb. 20, 1578 c c March 16, 1579March 16, 1579 0˚ 0˚ Ternate Ternate O O EQUATOR 0˚EQUATOR 0˚ c e c e Sumatra Sumatra a a Fernando de NoFeronhrnanda o de Noronha n n Paita Paita Java Java PERU SOPEUTRU H SOUTH March 26, 1580March 26, 1580 Lima, El CallaoLima, El CallaoAMERICA AMERICA n n 15˚ 15˚ 15˚ 15˚ a a e e Henderson Is. Henderson Is. c c O O I I Todos os Santos Todos os Santos 30˚ n 30˚ n Coquimbo CoquimboApril 5, 1578 April 5, 1578 30˚ 30˚ d d n n i i Valparaíso, Dec.Va 5,lp 1578araíso, Dec. 5, 1578 a a a a i i n n d d Rio de la Plata Rio de la Plata Cape of Good HCaope,pe of Good Hope, O O n n I I c c Mocha Is. Mocha Is. June 15, 1580 June 15, 1580 e e a a 45˚ 45˚ n n 45˚ 45˚ Port Saint JulianPort Saint Julian Strait of MagellaStrain, Aut g.of 20,Magel 1578lan, Aug. 20, 1578 Elizabeth Island,Eliz Oct.ab 28,eth Is1578land, Oct. 28, 1578 60˚ 60˚ 60˚ 60˚ ANTARCTIC CIRCANLETARCTIC CIRCLE 70˚ 70˚ 70˚ 70˚ 0 Miles 0 M1500iles 1500 3000 3000 0 Kilometers 0 Kilometer3000s 3000 75˚ 75˚ Scale at EquatorScale at Equator 75˚ 75˚ © 2020 Jeffrey L. ©W 2020ard Jeffrey L. Ward 90˚ 105˚90˚ 120˚105˚ 135˚ 120˚150˚ 135˚ 165˚150˚ 180˚165˚ 165˚ 180˚ 150˚ 165˚135˚ 150˚ 120˚135˚ 120˚ 90˚ 75˚90˚60˚ 75˚ 45˚60˚30˚ 45˚ 15˚30˚ 0˚15˚ 15˚0˚30˚ 15˚ 45˚30˚ 60˚45˚ 60˚ 3 InSearchofaKingdom_9780062875358_Final_CL1218_CC19.indd 8 12/18/20 12:30InSearchofaKingdom_9780062875358_Final_CL1218_CC19.indd PM 9 12/18/20 12:30 PM 10˚ 10˚ 5˚ 5˚ Shetland IslandsShetland5˚ Islands 5˚ 10˚ 10˚ 15˚ 15˚ Aug. 21 Aug. 21 NORWAYNORWAY 0˚ 0˚ RouteRo uteof of s s de de Orkney Orkney ri ri Islands Islands The ThRaide Raid on Cá ondi Cáz diz Aug. 24 Aug.eb 24 eb The ThSpean Spisanh ish H H r r e e t t APRIL 29APR–MIL AY29 1,–M 15AY87 1, 1587 u u ArmaArdamada O O SWEDEN SWEDEN May–SeMay–pt. Se15pt88. 1588 SCOTLASCNDOTLAND El Puerto deEl Puerto de B B Santa Maria Santa Marialaete River alete River a a uad uad y y G G 20˚ 20˚ 15˚ 15˚ North SeaNorth Sea o f o f Edinburgh Edinburgh C C á á DEN MARDEKN MARK d d Aug. 12 Aug. 12 i z i z Newcastle Newcastle Dublin Dublin CÁDIZ CÁDIZ 50˚ 50˚ IRELANIRELAND D Puerto Real Puerto Real WALES WAENGLANLES ENGLAND D S S 0 Miles 0 Miles 300 300 D D HOLY HOLY N N London London A A 300 300 L L 0 Kilometers 0 Kilometers Dover Dover R R ROMANROMAN Plymouth Plymouth E E Scilly Islands Scilly Islands Dunkirk H Dunkirk H Calais TCalais T n n E E EMPIREEMPIRE ——— July ———23–Aug. July 7——— 23–Aug. 7———N N a a July 19 July 19 e e c c Sept. 20 Sept. 20 O O Brest Brest c c i i n n Paris Paris t t a a n n 45˚ 45˚ e e a a c Sept. 17c Sept. 17 l l t t O O FRANCEFRANCE A A SWISS SWISS c c CONF. CONF. i i Isla de CádiIszla de Cádiz 15˚ t 15˚ t n n a a Venice Venice l l VENICE VENICE June 14 June 14 0 Miles 0 Miles 2 2 t t La Coruña La CoruñaGijón Gijón Sept.
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