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NDA II 2019 Important Questions (Solution)
1. Ans. D.
* Sthanakvasi is a sect of Svetambara Jainism founded by merchant named Lavaji in 1653 AD.
* The sthanakvasi do not believe in idol worship. As such they do not have temples but only sthankas, prayer halls, where they carry on their religious fasts, festivals.
* This is because this sect believes that idol worship is not essential in the path of soul purification and attainment of nirvana/ moksha.
2. Ans. B.
The tribes mentioned in the Rigveda are described as semi-nomadic pastoralists. During the successful in the early power-struggles between the various Aryan and non-Aryan tribes so that they continue to dominate in post-Rigvedic texts.
3. Ans. C.
* Panini is known for his Sanskrit grammar, particularly for his formulation of the 3,959 rules of Sanskrit morphology, syntax and semantics in the grammar known eight chapters, the foundational text of the grammatical branch of the Vedanga, the auxiliary scholarly disciplines of the historical Vedic religion. * The Mahabhasya attributed to Patanjali, is a commentary on selected rules of Sanskrit grammar. * Kashika Vritti of Jayaditya is considered the "fourth great grammar" of Sanskrit, after Pāṇini himself (4th century BC), Patanjali's Mahabhasya (2nd century BC) and Bhartrhari's Vakyapadiya (6th century AD).
4. Ans. C.
Hiuen Tsang (also Xuanzang, Hsuan Tsang) was the celebrated Chinese traveler who visited India in Ancient Times.
5. Ans. C.
· Yaudheya as we know it were an ancient republican city state or tribe of traders and warriors. The name ‘Yudha’ itself means a proficient fighter. Yaudheyas claim that they descended from Yudhishthira. · Yaudheya were the rulers of South-Eastern Punjab and Rajasthan. Like many other tribes they declared their independence after the death of Pushyamitra Sunga in the middle of the second century B.C.E. Yaudheya clan has also been mentioned in Ashtadhyayi of Panini as well as in www.gradeup.co
Ganapatha. They have also been referred inMahabharata, Brihatsamhita, Puranas, Chandravyakarana and Kashika. From about 200 BCE to 400 CE they were at the peak of their power. · The existence of this powerful clan has come to light from their coins and coin-moulds found in large number in Sutlej, Multan, Bhatner, Sirsa, Hansi and Panipat. Most of these coins depicted the god Karttikeya or also known as Brahmanyadeva.
6. Ans. A.
Ashoka refers to himself as "Beloved servant of the Gods" (Devanampiyadasi) The identification of Devanampiyadasi with Ashoka was confirmed by an inscription discovered in 1915 by C. Beadon, a British gold-mining engineer, at Maski, a village in Raichur district of Karnataka. Another minor rock edict is found at the village Gujarra in Datia district of Madhya Pradesh. This also shows the name "Ashoka" in addition to usual "Devanampiyadasi". The inscriptions found in the eastern part of India were written in Magadhi Prakrit using the Brahmi script. These edicts were deciphered by British archaeologist and historian James Prinsep.
7. Ans. A.
Votive inscriptions (2nd century BC) describes about offerings given to super natural forces to get their favour.
8. Ans. B.
The 16 Mahajanapadas of 6th century B.C were described in Buddhist text ‘Anguttara Nikaya, not in Samyukta Nikaya. The list of 16 Mahajanapadas is also found in Jain text Bhagavati Sutra. Hence statement 3 is not correct whereas Mathura was the Capital of Assaka/Asmaka which was not situated on the bank of Godavari.
9. Ans. D.
Mahapajapati Gotami was the Buddha's foster mother, but his real mother was Mahamaya.
10. Ans. A.
• After the decline of the Mauryan Empire, northwest India came under attack from various invaders from Central and West Asia. The Sakas(Shakas or Indo-Scythians) invaded northwest India in the first century BC onwards. They were a group of Iranian nomadic pastoral tribes. www.gradeup.co
• Shakas, had established kingdoms in the north-western and western parts of the subcontinent. They derived revenues from long-distance trade. Rudradaman I was the most famous Shaka ruler.
11. Ans. B.
Shalimar Gardens in Kashmir was built by Mughal Emperor Jahangir for his wife Nur Jahan, in 1619. It is also called the "Crown of Srinagar".
12. Ans. D.
The clashes between Vijayanagara rulers and the Bahmani Sultans in three separate areas which are Tungabhadra Doab, in the Krishna- Godavari delta and in Marathwada country. Region between the rivers Krishna and Tungabhadra is Tungabhadra Doab. This region was rich in resources and topic for rivalry between political powers. The struggle for the region of fertile Krishna-Godavari basin, which account for numerous ports for sea trade of the region was ogten linked with the struggle for Tungabhadra region. Konkan and the surrounding areas was the main conflict for control in the Marathwada region.
13. Ans. A.
* Pilgrim Tax is the tax a person pays who undertakes a journey to a sacred place as an act of religious devotion, which is abolished by akbar in 1563 on Hindus.
* Akbar was the third Mughal emperor, who reigned from 1556 to 1605, he succeeded his father, Humayun, in 1556. The 13-year-old Akbar was enthroned by Bairam Khan and was proclaimed Shehanshah. He spent his youth learning to hunt, run, and fight, which made him a daring, powerful and a brave warrior. The Akbarnama which means 'Book of Akbar', is an official biographical account of Akbar.
14. Ans. B.
Charkh and Falakhoon were the instruments used to throw stones.
Alauddin Khalji introduced branding of horse and payment of salary in cash. Cavalry was given importance under Delhi Sultanate. Smallest unit of cavalry was known as Surkhel.
15. Ans. C.
The Hamzanama narrates the legendary exploits of Amir Hamza, an uncle of the Prophet Muhammad, though most of the stories are extremely fanciful. Most of the characters of the Hamzanama are fictitious. In the West the www.gradeup.co work is best known for the enormous illustrated manuscript commissioned by the Mughal Emperor Akbar in about 1562. Babur ws considered a foreigner by the Rajputs and thus was despised. No Rajput depiction was commissioned to talk about the deeds of Babur.
16. Ans. A.
Subuktagin of Ghazni fought against Jaipur and defeated him.
17. Ans. A.
The red sandstone, red fort, constructed in 1639 by the 5th Mughal emperor Shah Jahan. It is noted for its special buildings diwan-i-aam and diwan-i-khas. It was designated a UNESCO World heritage site in 2007.
18. Ans. B.
Mohammad Bin Tuglaq created a department of Agriculture named as “Diwan-i-Kohi” whose main object was to bring the uncultivated land under cultivation through state financial support.
19. Ans. A.
The peasantry was not a homog enous entity as it consisted of different strata based on economic and social status. The tax collected from the peasantry constitutes the major source of income that sustained the state apparatus of the Mughals. We are already aware that the peasants had to part with a large part of the produce or the income of the produce as cash to the state as land tax.
20. Ans. B.
● Alauddin khilji died in 1316 was the second ruler of the khilji dynasty. He was the most powerful ruler of the khilji dynasty, ruled from 1296 to 1316. Alauddin khilji wished to become the second Alexander. He took the title of sikandar -i-sani , the banned drinking of alcohol in open.
21. Ans. B.
* The Boston Tea Party was a political protest that occurred on December 16, 1773 wherein American colonists, frustrated and angry at Britain for imposing “taxation without representation,” dumped chests of tea, imported by the British East India Company, into the harbor.
* The Boston Tea Party came as a huge shock to the Crown in England and eventually resulted in the bitter conflict between Britain and the thirteen colonies of America which lasted from 1775-1783, culminating in the independent formation of the United States of America. www.gradeup.co
22. Ans. B.
Louis XVI (1754 –1793) was the King of France during the French Revolution, 1789. Louis XVI was sentenced to death by a court on the charge of treason. On 21st January 1793, he was executed publicly at the Place de la Concorde.
23. Ans. C.
China and India are the two countries which was separated by the McMahon line
24. Ans. B.
* Britain was the first country to experience modern industrialization. Britain was geographically isolated from rest of the Europe. Hence, to a great extent, it remained unaffected by battles/feuds between various countries and peace prevailed.
* Britain was politically stable from the seventeenth century, with England, Wales and Scotland united under a monarchy. Therefore, the state had common laws, a single currency and a market that was not fragmented by local authorities taxing goods passing through its territory, thus raising their price.
* By the end of the seventeenth century, the currency was widely used as a medium of exchange. By then a large part of the people received their income in the form of salaries and salaries rather than goods. This gave people a wider choice of ways to spend their earnings and expanded the market for the sale of goods.
* England was fortunate in that coal and iron ore, the main material for mechanization, were plentifully available, as were other minerals - lead, copper, and tin - used in the industry.
* By the end of the nineteenth-century education in basic sciences such as physics or chemistry was extremely limited. Industrialization was driven by immigrant workers from rural areas or by inventors with little knowledge of science. Transformations came in the iron, cotton and steam power sectors, where literacy does not play a major role among the people.
25. Ans. C.
* The Jacobins originated as the Club Breton at Versailles, where the deputies from the National Assembly of 1789 met with deputies from other parts of France to concert their action. Jacobin Club was one of the most famous political group of the French Revolution. The members of the www.gradeup.co
Jacobin club belonged mainly to the less prosperous sections of society. They included small shopkeepers, artisans such as shoemakers, pastry cooks, watch-makers, printers, as well as servants and daily-wage workers. Their leader was Maximilian Robespierre.
* The period from 1793 to 1794, rule of Jacobin Club, is referred to as the Reign of Terror. Robespierre, leader of Jacobins, followed a policy of severe control and punishment. All those whom he saw as being enemies of the republic- ex-nobles and clergy, members of other political parties, even members of his own party who did not agree with his methods- were arrested, imprisoned and then tried by a revolutionary tribunal. If the court found him guilty, he was convicted.
26. Ans. B.
* No taxation without representation" was a slogan of American Revolution which expressed one of the several grievances of the people of America against the British rule.
* Starting with the Stamp Act Congress in 1765, Americans rejected the authority of the British Parliament to tax them because they had no representatives in that governing body.
27. Ans. A.
The Treaty of Yandabo was signed on 24 February 1826. It was signed by General Campbell from the British side and governor of Legaing Maha Min Hla Kyaw Htin from the Burmese side. 250000 pounds sterling in Gold and Silver bullion paid by Burmese as the first installment and also released British Prisoners of war.
28. Ans. A.
· Its residents and merchants traded silk, ivory, gold, silver, paddy rice and other agro-products. · The exploitation of natural resources for direct export was the chief purpose of all French investments, with rice, coal, rare minerals, and later also rubber as the main products. · Not only were rubber plantations, mines, and industrial enterprises in foreign hands—French, where the business was substantial. · Through use of an end-product contract system introduced by the plan, peasant households were permitted to sign contracts with the collective to farm land owned by the collective.
29. Ans. D.
The Bengal Gazette, established by James Augustus Hickey, was an English newspaper published from Kolkata (then Calcutta), India. It was www.gradeup.co the first major newspaper in India that started in 1780. It was published for two years.
30. Ans. A.
S.N. Banerjee founded National Liberal Federation in 1918 at Calcutta.
31. Ans. A.
Mukundrao Patil wrote Din Mitra
32. Ans. A.
Chaudhary rahmat ali coined the never
33. Ans. A.
In satara prati sarkar was setup under nana patil
34. Ans. A.
Jadonang Revolt against Tharo kutti at Manipur in 1917. Later this revolt was leaded Rani Gaidinliu
35. Ans. A.
Sati Pratha was abolished by Lord William Bentick in 1829 by regulation XVII
36. Ans. C.
Follower of Atmasamman movement burn manusmriti.
37. Ans. C.
Guru Arjun compiled Adi Granth which later known as Guru Granth Sahib
38. Ans. A.
Mangaleze was head of East India Company in 1857.
39. Ans. D. www.gradeup.co
Mir Jafar granted free trade right to the company in Bengal Bihar and Orissa.
40. Ans. C.
1) In terms of freedom, lower caste women were more free than higher caste one. Though, higher caste women had more chances to get education. 2) Women were more liberated in south India. In fact, in Kerala, there was matrilineal society, when the most of India had a patriarchal one.
41. Ans. C.
1) Zamindar was expected to pay the Company regularly, failing which his estate could be auctioned to some other person / new Zamindar. 2) The Permanent Settlement, 1793, was made with the rajas and taluqdars of Bengal. They were now classified as zamindars, and they had to pay the revenue demand that was fixed in perpetuity. In terms of this definition, the zamindar was not a landowner in the village, but a revenue Collector of the state. 3) Zamindars had several (sometimes as many as 400) villages under them. In Company calculations the villages within one zamindari formed one revenue estate. The Company fixed the total demand over the entire estate whose revenue the zamindar contracted to pay. The zamindar collected rent from the different villages, paid the revenue to the Company, and retained the difference as his income
42. Ans. D.
Ramakrishna Mission is a Hindu religious and spiritual organization. The mission is named after Indian saint Ramakrishna Paramahamsa. It was founded by its chief disciple Swami Vivekananda. The mission bases its work on the principles of karma yoga, which believes in selfless work dedicated to God.
43. Ans. A.
All India Trade Union Congress in 1920 in Bombay by Lala Lajpat Rai, Jospeh baptista, Diwan Chaman Lall, N.M. Joshi and a few others. It is the oldest trade union federation in India. AITUC is a founder member of World Federation of Trade Unions.
44. Ans. A.
Dadabhai Naoroji is also known as the Grand Old Man of India, was a Parsi intellectual, educator, cotton trader, and an early Indian political and www.gradeup.co social leader. He was a Liberal Party Member of Parliament (MP) in the United Kingdom House of Commons between 1892 and 1895, and the first Indian to be a British MP.
45. Ans. C.
The partition took place on 16 October 1905 and separated the largely Muslim eastern areas from the largely Hindu western areas. The Hindus of West Bengal who dominated Bengal's business and rural life complained that the division would make them a minority in a province that would incorporate the province of Bihar and Orissa. Hindus were outraged at what they recognised as a "divide and rule" policy,where the colonisers turned the native population against itself in order to rule, even though Curzon stressed it would produce administrative efficiency.
46. Ans. A.
* In 1890 Besant met Helena Blavatsky and over the next few years her interest in theosophy grew while her interest in secular matters waned. She became a member of the Theosophical Society and a prominent lecturer on the subject. * As part of her theosophy-related work, she travelled to India. In 1898 she helped establish the Central Hindu College and in 1922 she helped establish the Hyderabad (Sind) National Collegiate Board in Mumbai, India. In 1907 she became president of the Theosophical Society, whose international headquarters were in Adyar, Madras. * When World War I broke out in 1914, she helped launch the Home Rule League to campaign for democracy in India and dominion status within the Empire.
47. Ans. D.
Hail the Soldier, Hail the Farmer or Jai Jawan Jai Kisan was a slogan raised by second Prime Minister of India Lal Bahadur Shastri in 1965 at a public gathering at Ramlila Maidan.
48. Ans. C.
KIRTI KISAN SABHA, a sabha, i.e. society or party, of the kirtis (workers) and kisans (peasants), fostered and, to some extent, funded by the Ghadr Party, was established on 12 April 1928 with a view to organizing small agriculturists and industrial workers and other lowpaid urban labour, for revolutionary activity. The Sabha owed its origin to the Kirti movement started by Bhai Santokh Singh (D. 1927), a Ghadr leader who had spent two years in Moscow "studying Soviet methods of village propagandA. In 1925 Kazi Nazrul Islam, Hemanta Kumar Sarkar, Qutubuddin Ahmad and Shamsuddin Hussain founded the Labour Swaraj Party of the Indian National Congress in Bengal. www.gradeup.co
49. Ans. A.
∗Naujawan Bharat Sabha was founded by Bhagat Singh in March 1926 and was a more public face of the Hindustan Republican Association. ∗Naujawan Bharat Sabha (NBS,)was a left-wing Indian association that sought to foment revolution against the British Raj by gathering together worker and peasant youths.
50. Ans. C.
* Assuming leadership of the Indian National Congress in 1921, Gandhi led nationwide campaigns for easing poverty, expanding women's rights, building religious and ethnic amity, ending untouchability, but above all for achieving Swaraj or self-rule. * Employing nonviolent civil disobedience, Gandhi led India to independence and inspired movements for civil rights and freedom across the world. * Gandhi distinguished between satyagraha and passive resistance in the following letter: “I have drawn the distinction between passive resistance as understood and practised in the West and satyagraha before I had evolved the doctrine of the latter to its full logical and spiritual extent. I often used “passive resistance” and “satyagraha” as synonymous terms: but as the doctrine of satyagraha developed, the expression “passive resistance” ceases even to be synonymous, as passive resistance has admitted of violence as in the case of the suffragettes and has been universally acknowledged to be a weapon of the weak. Moreover, passive resistance does not necessarily involve complete adherence to truth under every circumstance. Therefore it is different from satyagraha in three essentials: Satyagraha is a weapon of the strong; it admits of no violence under any circumstance whatsoever; and it ever insists upon truth. I think I have now made the distinction perfectly clear." * Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi was the preeminent leader of the Indian independence movement in British-ruled India.