www.gradeup.co NDA II 2019 Important Questions (Solution) 1. Ans. D. * Sthanakvasi is a sect of Svetambara Jainism founded by merchant named Lavaji in 1653 AD. * The sthanakvasi do not believe in idol worship. As such they do not have temples but only sthankas, prayer halls, where they carry on their religious fasts, festivals. * This is because this sect believes that idol worship is not essential in the path of soul purification and attainment of nirvana/ moksha. 2. Ans. B. The tribes mentioned in the Rigveda are described as semi-nomadic pastoralists. During the successful in the early power-struggles between the various Aryan and non-Aryan tribes so that they continue to dominate in post-Rigvedic texts. 3. Ans. C. * Panini is known for his Sanskrit grammar, particularly for his formulation of the 3,959 rules of Sanskrit morphology, syntax and semantics in the grammar known eight chapters, the foundational text of the grammatical branch of the Vedanga, the auxiliary scholarly disciplines of the historical Vedic religion. * The Mahabhasya attributed to Patanjali, is a commentary on selected rules of Sanskrit grammar. * Kashika Vritti of Jayaditya is considered the "fourth great grammar" of Sanskrit, after Pāṇini himself (4th century BC), Patanjali's Mahabhasya (2nd century BC) and Bhartrhari's Vakyapadiya (6th century AD). 4. Ans. C. Hiuen Tsang (also Xuanzang, Hsuan Tsang) was the celebrated Chinese traveler who visited India in Ancient Times. 5. Ans. C. · Yaudheya as we know it were an ancient republican city state or tribe of traders and warriors. The name ‘Yudha’ itself means a proficient fighter. Yaudheyas claim that they descended from Yudhishthira. · Yaudheya were the rulers of South-Eastern Punjab and Rajasthan. Like many other tribes they declared their independence after the death of Pushyamitra Sunga in the middle of the second century B.C.E. Yaudheya clan has also been mentioned in Ashtadhyayi of Panini as well as in www.gradeup.co Ganapatha. They have also been referred inMahabharata, Brihatsamhita, Puranas, Chandravyakarana and Kashika. From about 200 BCE to 400 CE they were at the peak of their power. · The existence of this powerful clan has come to light from their coins and coin-moulds found in large number in Sutlej, Multan, Bhatner, Sirsa, Hansi and Panipat. Most of these coins depicted the god Karttikeya or also known as Brahmanyadeva. 6. Ans. A. Ashoka refers to himself as "Beloved servant of the Gods" (Devanampiyadasi) The identification of Devanampiyadasi with Ashoka was confirmed by an inscription discovered in 1915 by C. Beadon, a British gold-mining engineer, at Maski, a village in Raichur district of Karnataka. Another minor rock edict is found at the village Gujarra in Datia district of Madhya Pradesh. This also shows the name "Ashoka" in addition to usual "Devanampiyadasi". The inscriptions found in the eastern part of India were written in Magadhi Prakrit using the Brahmi script. These edicts were deciphered by British archaeologist and historian James Prinsep. 7. Ans. A. Votive inscriptions (2nd century BC) describes about offerings given to super natural forces to get their favour. 8. Ans. B. The 16 Mahajanapadas of 6th century B.C were described in Buddhist text ‘Anguttara Nikaya, not in Samyukta Nikaya. The list of 16 Mahajanapadas is also found in Jain text Bhagavati Sutra. Hence statement 3 is not correct whereas Mathura was the Capital of Assaka/Asmaka which was not situated on the bank of Godavari. 9. Ans. D. Mahapajapati Gotami was the Buddha's foster mother, but his real mother was Mahamaya. 10. Ans. A. • After the decline of the Mauryan Empire, northwest India came under attack from various invaders from Central and West Asia. The Sakas(Shakas or Indo-Scythians) invaded northwest India in the first century BC onwards. They were a group of Iranian nomadic pastoral tribes. www.gradeup.co • Shakas, had established kingdoms in the north-western and western parts of the subcontinent. They derived revenues from long-distance trade. Rudradaman I was the most famous Shaka ruler. 11. Ans. B. Shalimar Gardens in Kashmir was built by Mughal Emperor Jahangir for his wife Nur Jahan, in 1619. It is also called the "Crown of Srinagar". 12. Ans. D. The clashes between Vijayanagara rulers and the Bahmani Sultans in three separate areas which are Tungabhadra Doab, in the Krishna- Godavari delta and in Marathwada country. Region between the rivers Krishna and Tungabhadra is Tungabhadra Doab. This region was rich in resources and topic for rivalry between political powers. The struggle for the region of fertile Krishna-Godavari basin, which account for numerous ports for sea trade of the region was ogten linked with the struggle for Tungabhadra region. Konkan and the surrounding areas was the main conflict for control in the Marathwada region. 13. Ans. A. * Pilgrim Tax is the tax a person pays who undertakes a journey to a sacred place as an act of religious devotion, which is abolished by akbar in 1563 on Hindus. * Akbar was the third Mughal emperor, who reigned from 1556 to 1605, he succeeded his father, Humayun, in 1556. The 13-year-old Akbar was enthroned by Bairam Khan and was proclaimed Shehanshah. He spent his youth learning to hunt, run, and fight, which made him a daring, powerful and a brave warrior. The Akbarnama which means 'Book of Akbar', is an official biographical account of Akbar. 14. Ans. B. Charkh and Falakhoon were the instruments used to throw stones. Alauddin Khalji introduced branding of horse and payment of salary in cash. Cavalry was given importance under Delhi Sultanate. Smallest unit of cavalry was known as Surkhel. 15. Ans. C. The Hamzanama narrates the legendary exploits of Amir Hamza, an uncle of the Prophet Muhammad, though most of the stories are extremely fanciful. Most of the characters of the Hamzanama are fictitious. In the West the www.gradeup.co work is best known for the enormous illustrated manuscript commissioned by the Mughal Emperor Akbar in about 1562. Babur ws considered a foreigner by the Rajputs and thus was despised. No Rajput depiction was commissioned to talk about the deeds of Babur. 16. Ans. A. Subuktagin of Ghazni fought against Jaipur and defeated him. 17. Ans. A. The red sandstone, red fort, constructed in 1639 by the 5th Mughal emperor Shah Jahan. It is noted for its special buildings diwan-i-aam and diwan-i-khas. It was designated a UNESCO World heritage site in 2007. 18. Ans. B. Mohammad Bin Tuglaq created a department of Agriculture named as “Diwan-i-Kohi” whose main object was to bring the uncultivated land under cultivation through state financial support. 19. Ans. A. The peasantry was not a homog enous entity as it consisted of different strata based on economic and social status. The tax collected from the peasantry constitutes the major source of income that sustained the state apparatus of the Mughals. We are already aware that the peasants had to part with a large part of the produce or the income of the produce as cash to the state as land tax. 20. Ans. B. ● Alauddin khilji died in 1316 was the second ruler of the khilji dynasty. He was the most powerful ruler of the khilji dynasty, ruled from 1296 to 1316. Alauddin khilji wished to become the second Alexander. He took the title of sikandar -i-sani , the banned drinking of alcohol in open. 21. Ans. B. * The Boston Tea Party was a political protest that occurred on December 16, 1773 wherein American colonists, frustrated and angry at Britain for imposing “taxation without representation,” dumped chests of tea, imported by the British East India Company, into the harbor. * The Boston Tea Party came as a huge shock to the Crown in England and eventually resulted in the bitter conflict between Britain and the thirteen colonies of America which lasted from 1775-1783, culminating in the independent formation of the United States of America. www.gradeup.co 22. Ans. B. Louis XVI (1754 –1793) was the King of France during the French Revolution, 1789. Louis XVI was sentenced to death by a court on the charge of treason. On 21st January 1793, he was executed publicly at the Place de la Concorde. 23. Ans. C. China and India are the two countries which was separated by the McMahon line 24. Ans. B. * Britain was the first country to experience modern industrialization. Britain was geographically isolated from rest of the Europe. Hence, to a great extent, it remained unaffected by battles/feuds between various countries and peace prevailed. * Britain was politically stable from the seventeenth century, with England, Wales and Scotland united under a monarchy. Therefore, the state had common laws, a single currency and a market that was not fragmented by local authorities taxing goods passing through its territory, thus raising their price. * By the end of the seventeenth century, the currency was widely used as a medium of exchange. By then a large part of the people received their income in the form of salaries and salaries rather than goods. This gave people a wider choice of ways to spend their earnings and expanded the market for the sale of goods. * England was fortunate in that coal and iron ore, the main material for mechanization, were plentifully available, as were other minerals - lead, copper, and tin - used in the industry. * By the end of the nineteenth-century education in basic sciences such as physics or chemistry was extremely limited. Industrialization was driven by immigrant workers from rural areas or by inventors with little knowledge of science. Transformations came in the iron, cotton and steam power sectors, where literacy does not play a major role among the people.