Learning Multiple Variable-Speed Sequences in Striatum Via Cortical Tutoring
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Opportunities for US-Israeli Collaborations in Computational Neuroscience
Opportunities for US-Israeli Collaborations in Computational Neuroscience Report of a Binational Workshop* Larry Abbott and Naftali Tishby Introduction Both Israel and the United States have played and continue to play leading roles in the rapidly developing field of computational neuroscience, and both countries have strong interests in fostering collaboration in emerging research areas. A workshop was convened by the US-Israel Binational Science Foundation and the US National Science Foundation to discuss opportunities to encourage and support interdisciplinary collaborations among scientists from the US and Israel, centered around computational neuroscience. Seven leading experts from Israel and six from the US (Appendix 2) met in Jerusalem on November 14, 2012, to evaluate and characterize such research opportunities, and to generate suggestions and ideas about how best to proceed. The participants were asked to characterize the potential scientific opportunities that could be expected from collaborations between the US and Israel in computational neuroscience, and to discuss associated opportunities for training, applications, and other broader impacts, as well as practical considerations for maximizing success. Computational Neuroscience in the United States and Israel The computational research communities in the United States and Israel have both contributed significantly to the foundations of and advances in applying mathematical analysis and computational approaches to the study of neural circuits and behavior. This shared intellectual commitment has led to productive collaborations between US and Israeli researchers, and strong ties between a number of institutions in Israel and the US. These scientific collaborations are built on over 30 years of visits and joint publications and the results have been extremely influential. -
Cold Spring Harbor Symposia on Quantitative Biology, Volume LXXIX: Cognition
This is a free sample of content from Cold Spring Harbor Symposia on Quantitative Biology, Volume LXXIX: Cognition. Click here for more information on how to buy the book. COLD SPRING HARBOR SYMPOSIA ON QUANTITATIVE BIOLOGY VOLUME LXXIX Cognition symposium.cshlp.org Symposium organizers and Proceedings editors: Cori Bargmann (The Rockefeller University), Daphne Bavelier (University of Geneva, Switzerland, and University of Rochester), Terrence Sejnowski (The Salk Institute for Biological Studies), and David Stewart and Bruce Stillman (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) COLD SPRING HARBOR LABORATORY PRESS 2014 © 2014 by Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press. All rights reserved. This is a free sample of content from Cold Spring Harbor Symposia on Quantitative Biology, Volume LXXIX: Cognition. Click here for more information on how to buy the book. COLD SPRING HARBOR SYMPOSIA ON QUANTITATIVE BIOLOGY VOLUME LXXIX # 2014 by Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press International Standard Book Number 978-1-621821-26-7 (cloth) International Standard Book Number 978-1-621821-27-4 (paper) International Standard Serial Number 0091-7451 Library of Congress Catalog Card Number 34-8174 Printed in the United States of America All rights reserved COLD SPRING HARBOR SYMPOSIA ON QUANTITATIVE BIOLOGY Founded in 1933 by REGINALD G. HARRIS Director of the Biological Laboratory 1924 to 1936 Previous Symposia Volumes I (1933) Surface Phenomena XXXIX (1974) Tumor Viruses II (1934) Aspects of Growth XL (1975) The Synapse III (1935) Photochemical Reactions XLI (1976) Origins -
CV Cocuzza, DH Schultz, MW Cole
Guangyu Robert Yang Computational Neuroscientist "What I cannot create, I do not understand." – Richard Feynman Last updated on June 22, 2020 Professional Position 2018- Postdoctoral Research Scientist, Center for Theoretical Neuroscience, Columbia University. 2019- Co-organizer, Computational and Cognitive Neuroscience Summer School. 2017 Software Engineering Intern, Google Brain, Mountain View, CA. Host: David Sussillo 2013–2017 Research Assistant, Center for Neural Science, New York University. 2011 Visiting Student Researcher, Department of Neurobiology, Yale University. Education 2013–2018 Doctor of Philosophy, Center for Neural Science, New York University. Thesis: Neural circuit mechanisms of cognitive flexibility Advisor: Xiao-Jing Wang 2012–2013 Doctoral Study, Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, Yale University. Rotation Advisors: Daeyeol Lee and Mark Laubach 2008–2012 Bachelor of Science, School of Physics, Peking University. Thesis: Controlling Chaos in Random Recurrent Neural Networks Advisor: Junren Shi. 2010 Computational and Cognitive Neurobiology Summer School, Cold Spring Har- bor Asia. Selected Awards 2018-2021 Junior Fellow, Simons Society of Fellows 2019 CCN 2019 Trainee Travel Award 2018 Dean’s Outstanding Dissertation Award in the Sciences, New York University 2016 Samuel J. and Joan B. Williamson Fellowship, New York University 2013-2016 MacCracken Fellowship, New York University 2011 Benz Scholarship, Peking University 2010 National Scholarship of China, China B [email protected], [email protected] 1/4 2009 University Scholarship, Peking University 2007 Silver Medal, Chinese Physics Olympiad, China Ongoing work presented at conferences *=equal contributions 2020 GR Yang*, PY Wang*, Y Sun, A Litwin-Kumar, R Axel, LF Abbott. Evolving the Olfactory System. CCN 2019 Oral, Cosyne 2020. 2020 S Minni*, L Ji-An*, T Moskovitz, G Lindsay, K Miller, M Dipoppa, GR Yang. -
Dynamics of Memory Engrams
G Model NSR-4275; No. of Pages 5 ARTICLE IN PRESS Neuroscience Research xxx (2019) xxx–xxx Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Neuroscience Research jo urnal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/neures Update Article Dynamics of memory engrams ∗ Shogo Takamiya, Shoko Yuki, Junya Hirokawa, Hiroyuki Manabe, Yoshio Sakurai Laboratory of Neural Information, Graduate School of Brain Science, Doshisha University, Kyotanabe 610-0394, Kyoto, Japan a r t i c l e i n f o a b s t r a c t Article history: In this update article, we focus on “memory engrams”, which are traces of long-term memory in the brain, Received 21 February 2019 and emphasizes that they are not static but dynamic. We first introduce the major findings in neuroscience Received in revised form 18 March 2019 and psychology reporting that memory engrams are sometimes diffuse and unstable, indicating that Accepted 27 March 2019 they are dynamically modified processes of consolidation and reconsolidation. Second, we introduce and Available online xxx discuss the concepts of cell assembly and engram cell, the former has been investigated by psychological experiments and behavioral electrophysiology and the latter is defined by recent combination of activity- Keywords: dependent cell labelling with optogenetics to show causal relationships between cell population activity Memory engram and behavioral changes. Third, we discuss the similarities and differences between the cell assembly and Memory reconsolidation engram cell concepts to reveal the dynamics of memory engrams. We also discuss the advantages and Cell assembly Engram cell problems of live-cell imaging, which has recently been developed to visualize multineuronal activities. -
Neural Dynamics and the Geometry of Population Activity
Neural Dynamics and the Geometry of Population Activity Abigail A. Russo Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy under the Executive Committee of the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY 2019 © 2019 Abigail A. Russo All Rights Reserved Abstract Neural Dynamics and the Geometry of Population Activity Abigail A. Russo A growing body of research indicates that much of the brain’s computation is invisible from the activity of individual neurons, but instead instantiated via population-level dynamics. According to this ‘dynamical systems hypothesis’, population-level neural activity evolves according to underlying dynamics that are shaped by network connectivity. While these dynamics are not directly observable in empirical data, they can be inferred by studying the structure of population trajectories. Quantification of this structure, the ‘trajectory geometry’, can then guide thinking on the underlying computation. Alternatively, modeling neural populations as dynamical systems can predict trajectory geometries appropriate for particular tasks. This approach of characterizing and interpreting trajectory geometry is providing new insights in many cortical areas, including regions involved in motor control and areas that mediate cognitive processes such as decision-making. In this thesis, I advance the characterization of population structure by introducing hypothesis-guided metrics for the quantification of trajectory geometry. These metrics, trajectory tangling in primary motor cortex and trajectory divergence in the Supplementary Motor Area, abstract away from task- specific solutions and toward underlying computations and network constraints that drive trajectory geometry. Primate motor cortex (M1) projects to spinal interneurons and motoneurons, suggesting that motor cortex activity may be dominated by muscle-like commands. -
On the Trail of the Hippocampal Engram
Physiological Psychology 1980, Vol. 8 (2),229-238 On the trail of the hippocampal engram JOHN O'KEEFE and DULCIE H. CONWAY Cerebral Functions Group, Anatomy Department and Centre/or Neuroscience University College London, London WCIE 6BT, England Recent ideas about hippocampal function in animals suggest that it may be involved in memory. A new test for rat memory is described (the despatch task). It has several properties which make it well suited for the study of one-trial, long-term memory. The information about the location of the goal is given to the rat when it is in the startbox. The memory formed is long lasting (> 30 min), and the animals are remembering the location of the goal and not the response to be made to reach that goal. The spatial relations of the cues within the environ ment can be manipulated to bias the animals towards selection of a place hypothesis or a guidance hypothesis. The latter does not seem to support long-term memory formation in the way that the former does. Fornix lesions selectively disrupt performance of the place-biased task, a finding that is predicted by the cognitive map theory but not by other ideas about hippocampal involvement in memory. Since 1957, when Scoville and Milner (1957) reported is little interference between different place representa that bilateral removal of the mesial temporal lobes in tions. Consequently, the mapping system should be man resulted in a profound global amnesia, it has gener capable of supporting high levels of performance in tests ally been accepted that the hippocampus plays an of animal memory, such as the delayed reaction task important role in human memory (but see Horel, 1978, of Hunter (1913)- for an important paper questioning this dogma). -
Searching for the Memory New Research Sheds Light—Literally—On Recall Mechanisms by Christof Koch
(consciousness redux) Searching for the Memory New research sheds light—literally—on recall mechanisms BY CHRISTOF KOCH The difference between false gion as far as learning is concerned. page 76], and you will not be able to memories and true ones is the The most singular feature of science form new explicit memories, whereas same as for jewels: it is always the that distinguishes it from other human losses of large swaths of visual cortex false ones that look the most real, activities, such as art or religion, and leave the subjects blind but without the most brilliant. gives it a dynamics of its own, is prog- memory impairments. Yet percepts and memo- THIS QUOTE by surrealist ries are not born of brain re- painter Salvador Dalí comes gions but arise within intri- to mind when pondering the cate networks of neurons, latest wizardry coming out of connected by synapses. Neu- two neurobiology laborato- rons, rather than chunks of ries. Before we come to that, brain, are the atoms of however, let us remember thoughts, consciousness and that ever since Plato and Aris- remembering. totle first likened memories to impressions made onto wax Implanting a False tablets, philosophers and nat- Memory in Mice ural scientists have searched If you have ever been the for the physical substrate of victim of a mugging in a des- memories. In the first half of olate parking garage, you the 20th-century psycholo- may carry that occurrence gists carried out carefully with you to the end of your controlled experiments to days. Worse, whenever you look for the so-called memo- walk into a parking struc- ry engram in the brain. -
Studies in Physics, Brain Science Earn $1 Million Awards 2 June 2016, by Malcolm Ritter
Studies in physics, brain science earn $1 million awards 2 June 2016, by Malcolm Ritter Nine scientists will share three $1 million prizes for More information: Kavli Prizes: discoveries in how the brain can change over time, www.kavliprize.org how to move individual atoms around and how Albert Einstein was right again about the universe. © 2016 The Associated Press. All rights reserved. The Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters in Oslo on Thursday announced the winners of the Kavli Prizes, which are bestowed once every two years. The prize for astrophysics is shared by Ronald Drever and Kip Thorne of the California Institute of Technology and Rainer Weiss of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. They were cited for the first direct detection of gravity waves, tiny ripples that spread through the universe. Einstein had predicted a century ago that the waves exist; the announcement that they'd been observed made headlines in February. The neuroscience prize is shared by Eve Marder of Brandeis University in Waltham, Massachusetts, Michael Merzenich of the University of California, San Francisco, and Carla Shatz of Stanford University. They were honored for discoveries in showing how the brain changes during learning and development, even as it keeps some basic stability over time. The prize for nanoscience—the study of structures smaller than bacteria for example—goes to Gerd Binnig of the IBM Zurich Research Laboratory in Switzerland, Christoph Gerber of the University of Basel in Switzerland and Calvin Quate of Stanford. They were honored for atomic force microscopy, a technique now widely used that can reveal the arrangement of individual atoms on a surface and remove, add or rearrange them. -
The IBRO Simons Computational Neuroscience Imbizo
IBRO Simons IBRO Simons Imbizo Imbizo 2019 The IBRO Simons Computational Neuroscience Imbizo Muizenberg, South Africa 2017 - 2019 im’bi-zo | Xhosa - Zulu A gathering of the people to share knowledge. HTTP://IMBIZO.AFRICA IN BRIEF, the Imbizo was conceived in 2016, to bring together and connect those interested in Neuroscience, Africa, and African Neuroscience. To share knowledge and create a pan-continental and international community of scientists. With the generous support from the Simons Foundation and the International Brain Research Organisation (IBRO), the Imbizo became a wild success. As a summer school for computational and systems neuroscience, it’s quickly becoming an established force in African Neuroscience. Here, we review and assess the first three years and discuss future plans. DIRECTORS Professor Peter Latham, Gatsby Computational Neuroscience Unit, Sainsbury Wellcome Centre, 25 Howland Street London W1T 4JG, United Kingdom, Email: [email protected] Dr Joseph Raimondo, Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Anzio Road, Cape Town, 7925, South Africa, Email: [email protected] Professor Tim Vogels CNCB, Tinsley Building, Mansfield Road Oxford University, OX1 3SR, United Kingdom, Email: [email protected] LOCAL ORGANIZERS Alexander Antrobus, Gatsby Computational Neuroscience Unit, Sainsbury Wellcome Centre, 25 Howland Street London W1T 4JG, United Kingdom, Email: [email protected] (2017) Jenni Jones, Pie Managment, 17 Riverside Rd., Pinelands, Cape Town Tel: +27 21 530 6060 Email: [email protected] -
Universal Memory Mechanism for Familiarity Recognition and Identification
The Journal of Neuroscience, January 2, 2008 • 28(1):239–248 • 239 Behavioral/Systems/Cognitive Universal Memory Mechanism for Familiarity Recognition and Identification Volodya Yakovlev,1 Daniel J. Amit,2,3† Sandro Romani,4 and Shaul Hochstein1 1Life Sciences Institute & Neural Computation Center and 2Racah Institute of Physics, Hebrew University, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, and 3Department of Physics and 4Doctoral Program in Neurophysiology, Department of Human Physiology, University of Rome “La Sapienza,” 00185 Rome, Italy Macaque monkeys were tested on a delayed-match-to-multiple-sample task, with either a limited set of well trained images (in random- ized sequence) or with never-before-seen images. They performed much better with novel images. False positives were mostly limited to catch-trial image repetitions from the preceding trial. This result implies extremely effective one-shot learning, resembling Standing’s finding that people detect familiarity for 10,000 once-seen pictures (with 80% accuracy) (Standing, 1973). Familiarity memory may differ essentially from identification, which embeds and generates contextual information. When encountering another person, we can say immediately whether his or her face is familiar. However, it may be difficult for us to identify the same person. To accompany the psychophysical findings, we present a generic neural network model reproducing these behaviors, based on the same conservative Hebbian synaptic plasticity that generates delay activity identification memory. Familiarity becomes the first step toward establishing identification. Adding an inter-trial reset mechanism limits false positives for previous-trial images. The model, unlike previous propos- als, relates repetition–recognition with enhanced neural activity, as recently observed experimentally in 92% of differential cells in prefrontal cortex, an area directly involved in familiarity recognition. -
Memory Engram Storage and Retrieval
Available online at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect Memory engram storage and retrieval 1,2 1 1 Susumu Tonegawa , Michele Pignatelli , Dheeraj S Roy and 1,2 Toma´ s J Ryan A great deal of experimental investment is directed towards likely distributed nature of a memory engram throughout questions regarding the mechanisms of memory storage. Such the brain [6 ]. Here we review recent experimental stud- studies have traditionally been restricted to investigation of the ies on the identification of memory engram cells, with a anatomical structures, physiological processes, and molecular focus on the mechanisms of memory storage. A more pathways necessary for the capacity of memory storage, and comprehensive review of recent memory engram studies have avoided the question of how individual memories are is available elsewhere [7 ]. stored in the brain. Memory engram technology allows the labeling and subsequent manipulation of components of Memory function and the hippocampus specific memory engrams in particular brain regions, and it has The medial temporal lobe (MTL), in particular the hip- been established that cell ensembles labeled by this method are both sufficient and necessary for memory recall. Recent pocampus, was implicated in memory of events or episodes research has employed this technology to probe fundamental by neurological studies of human clinical patients, where questions of memory consolidation, differentiating between its direct electrophysiological stimulation evoked the recall mechanisms of memory retrieval from the -
Nine Scientists Win Kavli Prizes Totaling $3 Million
http://nyti.ms/1RStw1M SCIENCE Nine Scientists Win Kavli Prizes Totaling $3 Million By NICHOLAS ST. FLEUR JUNE 2, 2016 Nine scientists have won this year’s Kavli Prizes for work that detected the echoes of colliding black holes, revealed how adaptable the nervous system is, and created a technique for sculpting structures on the nanoscale. The announcement was made on Thursday by the Norwegian Academy of Science Letters in Oslo, and was live-streamed to a watching party in New York as a part of the World Science Festival. The three prizes, each worth $1 million and split among the recipients, are awarded in astrophysics, nanoscience and neuroscience every two years. They are named for Fred Kavli, a Norwegian- American inventor, businessman and philanthropist who started the awards in 2008 and died in 2013. The astrophysics prize went to Rainer Weiss from Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Ronald W.P. Drever from the California Institute of Technology and Kip S. Thorne, also from Caltech, for directly detecting gravitational waves. While using the Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory (LIGO) in September of last year, they observed wiggles in space-time that were first theorized by Albert Einstein in 1916, opening a new window on the universe. “The real credit for this goes to the whole LIGO team,” said Dr. Thorne, who attended the viewing party in New York with Dr. Weiss. “I wouldn’t be here without the people who started it, and it would not have succeeded without this team of a thousand people who made it happen.” The winners of the nanoscience prize are Gerd Binnig, formerly a member of the IBM Zurich Research Laboratory in Switzerland; Christoph Gerber from the University of Basel in Switzerland; and Calvin Quate from Stanford.