Developing a 21St Century Neuroscience Workforce: Workshop Summary
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Happy Holidays
December 2006 VOL. 54, No. 9 S eason’s greetings Happy Holidays Send Address change and returns to the IEEE MONITOR, c/o Membership services, IEEE Service Center, PO Box 1331, Periodical Piscataway, NJ 08855 (ISSN 0164-9205) Time Sensitive Material NY Monitor Vol. 54 No. 9 — December 2006 OFFICERS The Monitor SECTION CHAIR – Kenneth E. Vought VICE CHAIR, OPERATIONS – Stanley Karoly Postmaster: Send Address change and returns to the VICE CHAIR, ACTIVITIES – David M. Weiss IEEE MONITOR, c/o Membership services, IEEE Service TREASURER – Warner W. Johnston Center, PO Box 1331, Piscataway, NJ 08855 - (ISSN SECRETARY – David K. Horn 0164-9205) Please note, the Editor cannot change/remove COMMITTEE CHAIRS addresses. AWARDS CHAIR – Amelie Gong Published monthly, except for June, July and August, by BY-LAW S – William Coyne the New York Section of the Institute of Electrical and CHAPTER ORGANIZATION CHAIR – Bertil C. Lindberg Electronics Engineers, Inc., IEEE Corporate Office, 3 Park EDUCATION – Henry Bertoni Avenue, 17th Floor, New York, NY 10016 -5997 HISTORIAN – Melvin Olken All communications concerning the LONG RANGE PLANNING – William Perlman NY IEEE MONITOR should be addressed to: MEMBERSHIP DEVELOPMENT – Leon Katz NY IEEE MONITOR P.A.C.E. CHAIR – Matt Nissen c/o: Victor Butler, PUBLICATIONS CHAIR – Frank E. Schink 7 Beacon Ct., PUBLICITY & PR – Joern Fellenberg Brooklyn, NY 11229 SPECIAL EVENTS – Ralph Tapino Phone: (718) 968-5199 Fax (216) 927-1235 STUDENT ACTIVITIES – Balvinder Blah E-mail: [email protected] TAPPEN ZEE SUBSECTION – Robert M. Pellegrino Annual subscription: $4.00 per member per year W EBMASTER – Harold Ruchelman (included in annual dues) for each member of the New EDITORIAL STAFF York Section: $10.00 per year for non -IEEE members. -
A Boltzmann Machine Implementation for the D-Wave
A Boltzmann Machine Implementation for the D-Wave John E. Dorband Ph.D. Dept. of Computer Science and Electrical Engineering University of Maryland, Baltimore County Baltimore, Maryland 21250, USA [email protected] Abstract—The D-Wave is an adiabatic quantum computer. It is an understatement to say that it is not a traditional computer. It can be viewed as a computational accelerator or more precisely a computational oracle, where one asks it a relevant question and it returns a useful answer. The question is how do you ask a relevant question and how do you use the answer it returns. This paper addresses these issues in a way that is pertinent to machine learning. A Boltzmann machine is implemented with the D-Wave since the D-Wave is merely a hardware instantiation of a partially connected Boltzmann machine. This paper presents a prototype implementation of a 3-layered neural network where the D-Wave is used as the middle (hidden) layer of the neural network. This paper also explains how the D-Wave can be utilized in a multi-layer neural network (more than 3 layers) and one in which each layer may be multiple times the size of the D- Wave being used. Keywords-component; quantum computing; D-Wave; neural network; Boltzmann machine; chimera graph; MNIST; I. INTRODUCTION The D-Wave is an adiabatic quantum computer [1][2]. Its Figure 1. Nine cells of a chimera graph. Each cell contains 8 qubits. function is to determine a set of ones and zeros (qubits) that minimize the objective function, equation (1). -
Spring 2013 Mapping (CBAM)
UBATOR http://inc.uscd.edu/ In this Issue: UCSD Creates Center for Brain Activity Mapping On the Cover UCSD Creates Responding to President Barack Obama’s “grand challenge” to chart Center for Brain the function of the human brain in unprecedented detail, the University Activity Mapping of California, San Diego has established the Center for Brain Activity Spring 2013 Mapping (CBAM). The new center, under the aegis of the interdisciplinary Kavli Institute for Brain and Sejnowski Elected to Mind, will tackle the technological and biological challenge of developing a new American Academy generation of tools to enable recording of neuronal activity throughout the brain. It of Arts and Sciences will also conduct brain-mapping experiments and analyze the collected data. Pg 3 Ralph Greenspan–one of the original architects of a visionary proposal that eventually led to the national BRAIN Initiative launched by President Obama in April–has been named CBAM’s founding director. (cont on page 2) Faculty Spotlight: Garrison W. Cottrell Pg 4 Faculty Spotlight: Patricia Gorospe Pg 7 INC Events Pg 9 INC at a glance Pg 10 From left, Nick Spitzer, Ralph Greenspan, and Terry Sejnowski. (Photos by Erik Jepsen/UC San Diego Publications) 1 INSTITUTE FOR NEURAL COMPUTATION Brain Activity Mapping, cont from page 1 UC San Diego Chancellor Pradeep K. Khosla, who attended Obama’s unveiling of the BRAIN Initiative, said: “I am pleased to announce the launch of the Spring 2013 Center for Brain Activity Mapping. This new center will require the type of in-depth and impactful research that we are so good at producing at UC San Diego. -
SFR27 13 Harris Et Al.Indd
From “The Neocortex,” edited by W. Singer, T. J. Sejnowski and P. Rakic. Strüngmann Forum Reports, vol. 27, J. R. Lupp, series editor. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. ISBN 978-0-262-04324-3 13 Functional Properties of Circuits, Cellular Populations, and Areas Kenneth D. Harris, Jennifer M. Groh, James DiCarlo, Pascal Fries, Matthias Kaschube, Gilles Laurent, Jason N. MacLean, David A. McCormick, Gordon Pipa, John H. Reynolds, Andrew B. Schwartz, Terrence J. Sejnowski, Wolf Singer, and Martin Vinck Abstract A central goal of systems neuroscience is to understand how the brain represents and processes information to guide behavior (broadly defi ned as encompassing perception, cognition, and observable outcomes of those mental states through action). These con- cepts have been central to research in this fi eld for at least sixty years, and research efforts have taken a variety of approaches. At this Forum, our discussions focused on what is meant by “functional” and “inter-areal,” what new concepts have emerged over the last several decades, and how we need to update and refresh these concepts and ap- proaches for the coming decade. In this chapter, we consider some of the historical conceptual frameworks that have shaped consideration of neural coding and brain function, with an eye toward what aspects have held up well, what aspects need to be revised, and what new concepts may foster future work. Conceptual frameworks need to be revised periodically lest they become counter- productive and actually blind us to the signifi cance of novel discoveries. -
Cold Spring Harbor Symposia on Quantitative Biology, Volume LXXIX: Cognition
This is a free sample of content from Cold Spring Harbor Symposia on Quantitative Biology, Volume LXXIX: Cognition. Click here for more information on how to buy the book. COLD SPRING HARBOR SYMPOSIA ON QUANTITATIVE BIOLOGY VOLUME LXXIX Cognition symposium.cshlp.org Symposium organizers and Proceedings editors: Cori Bargmann (The Rockefeller University), Daphne Bavelier (University of Geneva, Switzerland, and University of Rochester), Terrence Sejnowski (The Salk Institute for Biological Studies), and David Stewart and Bruce Stillman (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) COLD SPRING HARBOR LABORATORY PRESS 2014 © 2014 by Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press. All rights reserved. This is a free sample of content from Cold Spring Harbor Symposia on Quantitative Biology, Volume LXXIX: Cognition. Click here for more information on how to buy the book. COLD SPRING HARBOR SYMPOSIA ON QUANTITATIVE BIOLOGY VOLUME LXXIX # 2014 by Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press International Standard Book Number 978-1-621821-26-7 (cloth) International Standard Book Number 978-1-621821-27-4 (paper) International Standard Serial Number 0091-7451 Library of Congress Catalog Card Number 34-8174 Printed in the United States of America All rights reserved COLD SPRING HARBOR SYMPOSIA ON QUANTITATIVE BIOLOGY Founded in 1933 by REGINALD G. HARRIS Director of the Biological Laboratory 1924 to 1936 Previous Symposia Volumes I (1933) Surface Phenomena XXXIX (1974) Tumor Viruses II (1934) Aspects of Growth XL (1975) The Synapse III (1935) Photochemical Reactions XLI (1976) Origins -
Breakthroughs in Brain Research with High Performance Computing 1 High Performance Computing Case Study
Breakthroughs in Brain Research with High Performance Computing 1 High Performance Computing Case Study. Breakthroughs in Brain Research with High Performance Computing Breakthroughs in Brain Research with High Performance Computing This publication may not be reproduced, in whole or in part, in any form be- yond copying permitted by sections 107 and 108 of the U.S. copyright law and excerpts by reviewers for the public press, without written permission from the publishers. The Council on Competitiveness is a nonprofit, 501 (c) (3) organization as recognized by the U.S. Internal Revenue Service. The Council’s activities are funded by contributions from its members, foundations, and project contributions. To learn more about the Council on Competitiveness, visit us at www.compete.org. Copyright © 2008 Council on Competitiveness Design: Soulellis Studio This work was supported by The National Science Foundation under grant award #0456129. Printed in the United States of America Breakthroughs in Brain Research with High Performance Computing 1 Breakthroughs in Brain Research with High Performance Computing Researchers at the Salk Institute are using supercomputers at the nearby NSF-funded San Diego Supercomputer Center to investigate how the synapses of the brain work. Their research has the potential to help people suffering from mental disorders such as Alzheimer’s, schizophrenia and manic depressive disorders. In addition, the use of supercomputers is helping to change the very nature of biology – from a science that has relied primarily on observation to a science that relies on high performance computing to achieve previously impossible in-depth quantitative results. To paraphrase Yogi Berra, You can see a lot just by like those in a muscle or gland. -
In the Beginning Please Turn to Page 28
FROM THE EDITOR Mariette DiChristina is editor in chief of Scientific American. Follow her on Twitter @mdichristina sounds so harsh have been beneficial, you ask? To find out, In the Beginning please turn to page 28. The sun’s rays provided vitality for this world. Seeing them There was light. But then what happened? dim temporarily, as they do during a solar eclipse, is aweinspir How did life arise on the third rocky planet orbiting the un ing. It’s been nearly a century since a total solar eclipse has remarkable star at the center of our solar system? Humans crossed the U.S. from coast to coast. Starting on page 54, you’ll have been wondering about the answer to that question prob find that “The Great Solar Eclipse of 2017,” by Jay M. Pasachoff, ably almost as long as we’ve been able to wonder. In recent tells you everything you need to know about this rare event. And decades scientists have made some a companion piece, “1,000 Years of gains in understanding the conceiv Solar Eclipses,” by senior editor Mark able mechanisms, gradually settling Fischetti, with illustrations by senior on a possible picture of our origins graphics editor Jen Christiansen and in the oceans. The idea was that designer Jan Willem Tulp, tells you hydrothermal vents at the bottom of what you will need to know as well. I the seas, protected from cataclysms like to think that the readers of Scien - rending the surface four billion tific American,which turns 172 this years ago, delivered the necessary month, will be enjoying the solar energy and could have sustained the shows well into the future. -
Layered Reward Signalling Through Octopamine and Dopamine in Drosophila: a Dissertation
University of Massachusetts Medical School eScholarship@UMMS GSBS Dissertations and Theses Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences 2013-05-10 Layered Reward Signalling Through Octopamine and Dopamine in Drosophila: A Dissertation Christopher J. Burke University of Massachusetts Medical School Let us know how access to this document benefits ou.y Follow this and additional works at: https://escholarship.umassmed.edu/gsbs_diss Part of the Neuroscience and Neurobiology Commons Repository Citation Burke CJ. (2013). Layered Reward Signalling Through Octopamine and Dopamine in Drosophila: A Dissertation. GSBS Dissertations and Theses. https://doi.org/10.13028/M2S309. Retrieved from https://escholarship.umassmed.edu/gsbs_diss/657 This material is brought to you by eScholarship@UMMS. It has been accepted for inclusion in GSBS Dissertations and Theses by an authorized administrator of eScholarship@UMMS. For more information, please contact [email protected]. LAYERED REWARD SIGNALLING THROUGH OCTOPAMINE AND DOPAMINE IN DROSOPHILA A Dissertation Presented By Christopher J. Burke Submitted to the Faculty of the University of Massachusetts Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Worcester in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Friday, The Tenth of May, 2013 Program in Neuroscience LAYERED REWARD SIGNALLING THROUGH OCTOPAMINE AND DOPAMINE IN DROSOPHILA A Dissertation Presented By Christopher J. Burke The signatures of the Dissertation Defense Committee signifies completion and approval as to style and -
Curriculum Vitae 1/2021
CURRICULUM VITAE 1/2021 John G. Hildebrand Department of Neuroscience Telephone: (520) 621-6626 College of Science, School of Mind, Brain & Behavior Fax: (520) 621-8282 University of Arizona Email: [email protected] PO Box 210077 Website: https://neurosci.arizona.edu/person/john-hildebrand-phd Tucson AZ 85721-0077 Spouse: Gail D. Burd, Ph.D. Education 1964 A.B. Harvard University (Biology – mentors: John Law & Konrad Bloch) 1966 Harvard Medical School, summer training program in general pathology 1969 Ph.D. Rockefeller University (Bio-organic chemistry – mentors: Leonard Spector & Fritz Lipmann) 1969-71 Postdoctoral Fellow, Harvard Medical School, Department of Neurobiology (mentor: Edward Kravitz) 1977 Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory course, Methods in Cellular Neurophysiology 1993 DNA Methods Course, University of Arizona Division of Biotechnology Employment Present Positions 2014-now Foreign Secretary, U.S. National Academy of Sciences 2010-now Honors Professor, University of Arizona 1989-now Regents Professor, University of Arizona 1985-now Professor of Neuroscience, Chemistry & Biochemistry, Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, Entomology, and Molecular & Cellular Biology, University of Arizona Previous Positions 2009-13 founding Head, Dept. of Neuroscience (formerly ARL Div. Neurobiology), Univ. of Arizona 2010-12 Chairman, Executive Committee, UA School of Mind, Brain and Behavior 1986-97 Chairman, UA Committee on Neuroscience, University of Arizona 1985-2009 founding Director, Arizona Research Laboratories Division of Neurobiology, -
The Effects of Serotonin and 5-Carboxamidotryptamine on Aggressive Behavior in Crayfish Pair Interactions
THE EFFECTS OF SEROTONIN AND 5-CARBOXAMIDOTRYPTAMINE ON AGGRESSIVE BEHAVIOR IN CRAYFISH PAIR INTERACTIONS LISA MANGIAMELE Introduction Agonistic interactions between decapod crustaceans consist of a series of bouts characterized by combative use of the claws to strike, grasp, and restrain the opponent. The antennae may also be used as weapons to tap or whip the body of another individual. Fights that escalate in intensity often involve one animal pulling or lifting its opponent above the substrate, and those battles that reach the highest level of intensity may result in individuals attempting to violently break off the appendages of the opponent. These aggressive behaviors are highly stereotyped, and usually interactions result in a clear winner and loser (Bruski and Dunham 1987; Huber and Kravitz 1995). Changes in behavior during these interactions, where winning appears to reinforce aggressive behavior while losing appears to inhibit aggression, aid in the formation of a dominance hierarchy (Issa et al 1999). The neurohormone serotonin [5-hydroxytryptamine (5HT)] has been linked to agonistic behavior and aggressive posturing in lobsters and crayfish (Livingstone et al. 1980; Antonsen and Paul 1997; Huber et al. 1997). Crayfish treated with 5HT show increased intensity of aggressive response to conspecifics, and are more likely to continue fighting in situations that would normally evoke a retreat (Huber et al. 1997). The similarity of this response to the increased aggression exhibited by dominant animals suggests a role for endogenous serotonin in fighting behavior and the maintenance of social status. In addition, amine injection has been found to elicit characteristic postures in the absence of external stimuli. -
Alumni Director Cover Page.Pub
Harvard University Program in Neuroscience History of Enrollment in The Program in Neuroscience July 2018 Updated each July Nicholas Spitzer, M.D./Ph.D. B.A., Harvard College Entered 1966 * Defended May 14, 1969 Advisor: David Poer A Physiological and Histological Invesgaon of the Intercellular Transfer of Small Molecules _____________ Professor of Neurobiology University of California at San Diego Eric Frank, Ph.D. B.A., Reed College Entered 1967 * Defended January 17, 1972 Advisor: Edwin J. Furshpan The Control of Facilitaon at the Neuromuscular Juncon of the Lobster _______________ Professor Emeritus of Physiology Tus University School of Medicine Albert Hudspeth, M.D./Ph.D. B.A., Harvard College Entered 1967 * Defended April 30, 1973 Advisor: David Poer Intercellular Juncons in Epithelia _______________ Professor of Neuroscience The Rockefeller University David Van Essen, Ph.D. B.S., California Instute of Technology Entered 1967 * Defended October 22, 1971 Advisor: John Nicholls Effects of an Electronic Pump on Signaling by Leech Sensory Neurons ______________ Professor of Anatomy and Neurobiology Washington University David Van Essen, Eric Frank, and Albert Hudspeth At the 50th Anniversary celebraon for the creaon of the Harvard Department of Neurobiology October 7, 2016 Richard Mains, Ph.D. Sc.B., M.S., Brown University Entered 1968 * Defended April 24, 1973 Advisor: David Poer Tissue Culture of Dissociated Primary Rat Sympathec Neurons: Studies of Growth, Neurotransmier Metabolism, and Maturaon _______________ Professor of Neuroscience University of Conneccut Health Center Peter MacLeish, Ph.D. B.E.Sc., University of Western Ontario Entered 1969 * Defended December 29, 1976 Advisor: David Poer Synapse Formaon in Cultures of Dissociated Rat Sympathec Neurons Grown on Dissociated Rat Heart Cells _______________ Professor and Director of the Neuroscience Instute Morehouse School of Medicine Peter Sargent, Ph.D. -
Studies in Physics, Brain Science Earn $1 Million Awards 2 June 2016, by Malcolm Ritter
Studies in physics, brain science earn $1 million awards 2 June 2016, by Malcolm Ritter Nine scientists will share three $1 million prizes for More information: Kavli Prizes: discoveries in how the brain can change over time, www.kavliprize.org how to move individual atoms around and how Albert Einstein was right again about the universe. © 2016 The Associated Press. All rights reserved. The Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters in Oslo on Thursday announced the winners of the Kavli Prizes, which are bestowed once every two years. The prize for astrophysics is shared by Ronald Drever and Kip Thorne of the California Institute of Technology and Rainer Weiss of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. They were cited for the first direct detection of gravity waves, tiny ripples that spread through the universe. Einstein had predicted a century ago that the waves exist; the announcement that they'd been observed made headlines in February. The neuroscience prize is shared by Eve Marder of Brandeis University in Waltham, Massachusetts, Michael Merzenich of the University of California, San Francisco, and Carla Shatz of Stanford University. They were honored for discoveries in showing how the brain changes during learning and development, even as it keeps some basic stability over time. The prize for nanoscience—the study of structures smaller than bacteria for example—goes to Gerd Binnig of the IBM Zurich Research Laboratory in Switzerland, Christoph Gerber of the University of Basel in Switzerland and Calvin Quate of Stanford. They were honored for atomic force microscopy, a technique now widely used that can reveal the arrangement of individual atoms on a surface and remove, add or rearrange them.