Untersuchungen Zur Methodik Und Effizienz Der Tastaturbasierten Eingabeverfahren Verschiedener Schriftsysteme Der Welt

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Untersuchungen Zur Methodik Und Effizienz Der Tastaturbasierten Eingabeverfahren Verschiedener Schriftsysteme Der Welt Untersuchungen zur Methodik und Effizienz der tastaturbasierten Eingabeverfahren verschiedener Schriftsysteme der Welt INAUGURAL-DISSERTATION zur Erlangung des Doktorgrades der Philosophie des Fachbereichs 05 – Sprache, Literatur & Kultur der Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen vorgelegt von: WANG Kai Fontanestr. 3 35606 Solms März 2019 I Dekan: 1. Gutachter: Prof. Dr. Henning Lobin 2. Gutachter: Prof. Dr. Thomas Gloning Tag der Disputation: 13.02.2019 II Erklärung zur Dissertation Ich habe die vorgelegte Dissertation selbständig und nur mit den Hilfen angefertigt, die ich in der Dissertation angegeben habe. Alle Textstellen, die wörtlich oder sinngemäß aus veröffentlichten oder nicht veröffentlichten Schriften entnommen sind, und alle Angaben, die auf mündlichen Auskünften beruhen, sind als solche kenntlich gemacht. WANG Kai (王铠) Solms, 28.03.2019 III IV Inhalt Vorwort ................................................................................................................................................ IX 0 Einleitung....................................................................................................................................... 1 1 Hintergrund für tastaturbasierte Eingabeverfahren verschiedener Schriftsysteme .............. 7 1.1 Überblick von tastaturbasierten Eingabeverfahren ....................................................... 7 1.2 Schreiben und Textverarbeitung ................................................................................. 10 1.2.1 Definition, Funktionalitäten und Konventionen des Schreibens .............................................. 11 1.2.2 Entwicklung der Schreibtechnologie .................................................................................... 13 1.2.3 Funktionalitäten und Arbeitsprozess der Textverarbeitung mit Computer ................................ 16 1.3 Schrift, Schriftsystem, Schriftzeichen und Schriftrichtung .......................................... 19 1.3.1 Definitionen über Schrift, Schriftzeichen und Schriftsystem ................................................... 19 1.3.2 Klassifikation von unterschiedlichen Schriften und Schriftsystemen ....................................... 21 1.3.3 Allgemeine Entwicklung der Schriften und der allgemeine Zusammenhang zwischen grammatischem Sprachbau und Schrifttyp........................................................................................... 26 1.3.4 Fünf größte Schriftkreise, ihre kulturelle Verankerung und Transkriptionen ............................ 28 1.3.5 Analyse der Grundeinheit verschiedener Schriftsysteme ........................................................ 33 1.3.6 Schriftrichtungen – Horizontale und Vertikale ...................................................................... 36 1.4 Techniken zur Verarbeitung der Schriftzeichen .......................................................... 41 1.4.1 Definition von Zeichen, Glyphe und Font und der Zusammenhang zwischen den drei Begriffen 41 1.4.2 Vereinheitlichte Austauschcodierungen ................................................................................ 46 1.4.3 Zeichen-Tasten-Repräsentation und Inputcodierung .............................................................. 51 1.4.4 Techniken zur typographischen Zeichenausgabe ................................................................... 54 1.4.5 Allgemeine Zusammenhänge zwischen Computerlinguistik, Eingabeverfahren und Textverarbeitung ............................................................................................................................... 56 2 Eingabeverfahren der alphabetischen Schriftsysteme ........................................................... 59 2.1 Eingabeverfahren des deutschen Schriftsystems .......................................................... 59 2.1.1 Untersuchung des deutschen Schriftsystems ......................................................................... 60 2.1.2 Zeichen-Tasten-Repräsentation des deutschen Tastaturlayouts ............................................... 64 2.1.3 Verarbeitung von Sonderbuchstaben mit diakritischen Zeichen .............................................. 71 2.1.4 Untersuchung der Tastenbelegung der 26 lateinischen Grundbuchstaben verschiedener Schriftsysteme .................................................................................................................................. 74 2.2 Eingabeverfahren des vietnamesischen Schriftsystems ................................................ 77 2.2.1 Allgemeines über die vietnamesische Sprache und ihr Schriftsystem ...................................... 78 2.2.2 Zeicheninventar des vietnamesischen alphabetischen Schriftsystems ...................................... 79 2.2.3 Zeichencodierung und Eingabeverfahren des vietnamesischen Schriftsystems ......................... 82 2.2.4 Eingabemöglichkeiten eines alphabetischen Schriftsystems ................................................... 85 2.3 Textverarbeitung der Devanagari ................................................................................ 87 V 2.3.1 Allgemeines über die alphasyllabischen Schriften und die drei verschiedenen Modelle der Zeichencodierung ............................................................................................................................. 87 2.3.2 Einführung zur Devanagari-Textverarbeitung mit Beispielswort ............................................. 89 2.3.3 Zeicheninventar der Devanagari .......................................................................................... 91 2.3.4 Zeichencodierung und Zusammensetzung der Schriftzeichen in einer Silbe ............................. 97 2.3.5 Hindi-Tastaturlayout und die Reihenfolge der einzugebenden Zeichen .................................... 99 2.3.6 Fazit zur Textverarbeitung der Devanagari ......................................................................... 101 2.4 Koreanische Textverarbeitung .................................................................................... 101 2.4.1 Hangul – Unterschiede zu alphasyllabischen Schriften und allgemeine Übersicht .................. 102 2.4.2 Simples sowie komplexes Jamo und Syllabarbildung........................................................... 104 2.4.3 Analyse der koreanischen Textverarbeitung ........................................................................ 107 2.4.4 Argumente für Silbenzeichencodierungen ........................................................................... 111 2.5 Arabische Textverarbeitung ....................................................................................... 114 2.5.1 Zeicheninventar des arabischen Schriftsystems ................................................................... 114 2.5.2 Schwierigkeiten der arabischen Textverarbeitung und allgemeiner Eingabeprozess ................ 122 2.5.3 Decodierungen und Algorithmen der Schriftrichtung ........................................................... 126 2.6 Zusammenfassung der alphabetischen Eingabeverfahren und Textverarbeitungen ... 128 3 Linguistische Perspektiven zur chinesischen Schrift ........................................................... 133 3.1 Verwendungszweck, Schrifttyp, Ursprung und Entwicklung ...................................... 133 3.1.1 Verwendungszweck .......................................................................................................... 133 3.1.2 Schrifttyp ......................................................................................................................... 135 3.1.3 Historische Entwicklung ................................................................................................... 137 3.2 Orthographie, Zeicheninventar und Codierung .......................................................... 139 3.2.1 Orthographie und Standardisierung in verschiedenen Regionen ............................................ 140 3.2.2 Zeichengebrauchs- und Zeichencodierungsstandards in CJK-Regionen ................................. 142 3.2.3 Vereinheitlichte Austauschcodierung in Unicode ................................................................ 145 3.3 Graphischer Aufbau und Konstruktionsprinzipien der Schriftzeichen ....................... 146 3.3.1 Verschiedene Perspektiven über den Aufbau....................................................................... 147 3.3.2 Die sechs Schriften ........................................................................................................... 148 3.3.3 Strich, Strichmerkmal, -ordnung und -zahl.......................................................................... 155 3.3.4 Komponenten der Sinogramme .......................................................................................... 157 3.3.5 Geometrische Konstellationen ........................................................................................... 161 3.4 Einführung in Inputcodierungsentwurf und Phonetik des Chinesischen..................... 162 3.4.1 Allgemeine Zusammenhänge zwischen Zeichenform, -sinninhalt und -aussprache ................. 162 3.4.2 Grundlegende Eigenschaften der Phonetik des Chinesischen ................................................ 165 3.4.3 Transkriptionen des chinesischen Schriftsystems ................................................................. 167 3.5 Einführung und weitere Entwicklung im japanischen und koreanischen Schriftsystem 171 3.5.1 Grundlagen der weiteren Entwicklung ................................................................................ 171 3.5.2 Kontrastive
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