Sorani Kurdish Vocabulary

Circumflexed vowels follow uncircumflexed vowels in alphabetization. The furtive i is indicated by italicization, e.g. bâwik ‘father’ but bâwkî ‘his father.’ Abbreviations: adj. = adjective; cond. = conditional; demon. = demonstrative; imprs. = impersonal (verb is always in the 3rd person singular); impt. = imperative; pl. = plural; pron. = pronoun; sing. = singular; subj. = subjunctive; pres. = present; v.i. = verb intransitive; v.p. = verb passive; v.t. = verb transitive (transitive implies that the past tense is formed on the ergative model, not that the verb necessarily takes a direct object either in Kurdish or in English). Generally, compound verbs are listed under the nonverbal element of the com- pound; compounds with frequently-occurring elements like dâ-, hał-, and pe- are listed under the verb. * :habitual verbal prefix (Sulaymani the city; ~ i engaged in, practicing ﺋــــــﻪ -a dialect); see da- ahl i îmân religious, ahl i kher chari- directional suffix on verbs: chûmà table, ahl i kayf hedonistic; ~ la…dâ ـﻪ à- shâr I went to town worthy of: fiłân la rafâqat’dâ zor ahl -a So-and-So is quite worthy of friend ﺋــــﻪدﻩﰉ literature, culture; ~î ﺋــــﻪدﻩب adab literature; ~par- ship ﺋـﻪدﻩﺑـﻴـﺎت literary; ~iyât Ahmad, masc. proper ﺋــــــﻪﲪــــــﻪد patron of literature; be~ Aḥmad ﺋـﻪدﻩﺑـﭙـﻪروﻩر war impo- name ﺋــــﻪدﻩﰉ impolite; be~î ﺋــــﻪدﻩب liberals ﺋﻪﺣﺮار liteness aḥrâr pharmacy ﺋﻪﺟﺰاﺎﻧﻪ litérateur, literary person, ajzâkhâna ﺋـــــﻪدﯾـــــﺐ adîb sing. definite suffix: pyâwaká ـﻪﮐـــــﻪ man of letters -aká gentleman, anyone who the man ﺋــﻪﻓــﻪﻧــﺪی afandî pl. definite suffix: pyâwakân ـﻪﰷن wears western clothes -akân Afrasiab, legendary the men ﺋـﻪﻓـﺮاﺳــﻴـﺎب Afrâsiyâb ﺋــﻪــﻼﰵ morals, ethics; ~î ﺋــﻪــﻼق king of Turan akhlâq Africa moral, ethical ﺋﻪﻓﺮﯾﻘﺎ Afrîqyâ ,ﺋﻪﻓﺮﯾﻘﺎ Afrîqâ German ﺋﻪﻪﻣﺎﱏ officer Ałamânî ﺋﻪﻓﺴﻪر afsar now ﺋﻪﻵن al’ân ﺋــﻪﻓــﺴــﺎﻧــﻪﰃ tale, legend; ~î ﺋــﻪﻓــﺴــﺎﻧــﻪ afsâna electronic ﺋﻪﻟﻴﮑﱰۆﱏ legendary alîktronî (.this (demon. adj ﺋﻪم...ـﻪ alas, alack am …á ﺋﻪﻓﺴﯚس afsos (.this (demon. pron ﺋﻪﻣﻪ v.t. to charm: ama ﺋـﻪﻓـﺴـﻮون ـﺮدن afsûn-kirdin -faith ﺑـﻪﺋـﻪﻣـﻪگ ~goodness; ba ﺋـﻪﻣـﻪگ mâr afsûn dakât he charms snakes amag ﺋـﻪﻣـﻪگ ~fidelity; be ﺑـﻪﺋـﻪﻣـﻪﮔـﯽ even though, ful; ba~î ﺋـﻪﮔـﻪرﭼـﯽ if; ~chî ﺋـﻪﮔـﻪر agar even if unfaithful, faithless amag = ﺋﻪﻣﻪک if not, otherwise amak ﺋﻪﮔﻴﻨﺎ agînâ -~ ;operation (ـــﻪﻣـــﻪل also) ﺋـــﻪﻣـــﻪل inhabitants, civilian popula- amal ﺋــﻪﻫــﺎﱃ ahâlî tion kirdin v.t. to have an operation ﺋــﻪﻣــﻪرــﮑــﯽ America; ~î ﺋــﻪﻣــﻪرــﲀ inhabitant, resident: kâwrâ ahl i amarîk|â ﺋـﻪﻫـﻞ ahl shâr a the gentleman is a resident of American 163 SORANI KURDISH :here is, voici only: arzim kird I said); to petition ﺋﻪﻣﻪ amatâ these (demon. pron.) arzî ba pâshâ kird la shitèk he ﺋﻪﻣﺎﻧﻪ amâna emirate, principality; ~ a petitioned the king for something ﺋـﻪﻣـﺎرﻩت amârat earth, land ﺋﻪرز darabagakân feudal principalities arz2 Erzerum ﺋﻪرزﻩڕۆم now, at this time Arzařom ﺋﻪﳎﺎ amjâ chin, dimple in the chin ﺋﻪرزﯾﻨﮓ pertaining to arzîng ﺋــﻪﻣــﲎ security; ~î ﺋــﻪﻣــﻦ amn tribe ﺋﻪﺷﲑﻩت security ashîrat torture; ~-dân v.t. to ﺋــﻪﺷــﮑــﻪﳒــﻪ today ashkanja ﺋﻪﻣۆ amřo tonight torture; ~-dirân v.p. to be tortured ﺋﻪﻣﺸﻪو amshaw shikaft = ﺋﻪﺷﮑﻪوت ashkawt ﺋـﻪﻣـﻮﺳــﺘـﻪوــﻪ finger; ~aweła ﺋـﻪﻣـﻮﺳـﺖ amust love ﺋﻪﺷﻖ fooled, ashq ﺋـــﻪﻣـــﻮﺳـــــــــﻪﺳــــــﺘـــﻪ ring; ~basta -dignitaries, eminent per ﺋـــــﻪﴍاف tricked ashrâf member- sons ﺋـﻪﻧـﺪاﻣـﯽ member; ~î ﺋـﻪﻧـﺪام andâm wage ﺋﻪﺷﺖ ship asht prisoner ﺋﻪﺳﲑ asîr ﺋـﻪﻧـﺪازﻩ ~measurement; be ﺋـﻪﻧـﺪازﻩ andâza -weapons, arms: ba asla ﺋــﻪﺳــــﻪ untold, limitless aslaḥa engineer ḥawa armed ﺋﻪﻧﺪازر andâzyâr horse ﺋﻪﺳﭗ the Iraqi campaign against asp ﺋـــﻪﻧـــﻔـــﺎل anfâl spinach ﺋﻪﺳﭙﻪغ the Kurds in 1988 aspanâgh spârdin = ﺋﻪﺳﭙﺎردن you aspârdin ﺋﻪﮕﯚ ango stealth; ba ~ stealthily ﺋﻪﺳﭙﺎﱙ amust aspâyî = ﺋﻪﮕﻮﺳﺖ، ﺋﻪﮕﻮس(angus(t louse, mite ﺋﻪﺳﭙ amust aspe = ﺋﻪﮕﻮوس angûs tear ﺋﻪﴎﻦ asrîn ﺋــﻪﳒــﺎم دان end, result; ~-dân ﺋــﻪﳒــﺎم anjâm Istanbul ﺋﻪﺳﺘﻪﻣﻮول v.t. to accomplish, to do; la ~’dâ Astamûl pool ﺋﻪﺳﺘﺮ in the end; la ~ i … awa as a aster ﺋـــﻪﳒـــﺎﻣـــﺪا star ﺋﻪﺳﺘﺮﻩ ineffective, in- astera ﺋــــﻪﳒــــﺎم ~result of; be firefly ﺋﻪﺳﺘﺮۆک consequential asterok ;neck, thick part of the neck ﺋــﻪﺳــــﺘــﯚ council, board asto ﺋﻪﳒﻮﻣﻪن anjuman monkey; wak ‘antar i Lotî girtinà ~ v.t. to assume the burden of ــﻪﻧــﺘــﻪر antar‘ thick ﺋﻪﺳﺘﻮور Sâlih like Loti Salih’s monkey, “like astûr atom: hez i ~ power of the ﺋـــــﻪﺗـــــﯚم an organ grinder’s monkey,” an ob- atom ject of pity and ridicule atom; ~î atomic gall: atrashyân chûbû ﺋــــــﻪــــــﺮﻩش mind, intelligence atrash ﻪﻗﻞ aql‘ arz2 they had lost their gall = ﻪرد ard‘ lover ﺋﻪﭬﻨﺪار yes avîndâr ﺋﻪرێ are -he, she, it (3rd-person sing. pro ﺋـــــﻪو duty, responsibility: ark i aw ﺋــــــﻪرک (ark (1 sar shânima khizmat bikam it’s my noun); that (sing. demon. pron.); ~ duty to serve; (2) trouble, labor: hen- …á that, those (demon. adj.): aw dim ark dâwa nabetawa I’ve caused shitá that thing, aw shitâná those unprecedented trouble things that (demon. pron.); bo ~î in ﺋــــــــﻪوﻩ throne awá ﻪرش arsh‘ archiv- order that; ~ khwâya God willing ﺋـﻪرﺷــﻴـﭭـﯽ archive; ~î ﺋـﻪرﺷــﻴـﭫ arshîv with present verb indicates) ﺋــــــــــﻪوﻩ al awa -petition; ~-kirdin v.t. to say progressive): min awa la birsâ da ﺋـــــــــﻪرز arz1 (self-deprecating, of the 1st person mirim I’m dying of hunger 164 SORANI–ENGLISH VOCABULARY indignity ﺋﺎووﭼﻮون postposition, with preposition ~chûn) ـﻪوﻩ awa- climate ﺋﺎﺑﻮﻫﻪوا la; contracts to -wa after vowels) âbuhawâ subscription ﺋﺎﺑﻮﳕﺎن from âbunmân economy, economic ﺋﺎﺑﯚری first âborî ﺋﻪوﻩل awal -human being; ~zâ(d) hu ﺋــــﺎدﻩﻣــــﯽ so much, thus; ~ i tir so âdamî ﺋـــﻪوﻩﻧـــﺪﻩ awanda much the more; dû ~ twice as much: man being now then ﺋﺎدﻩی min dû awanda’t dadamè I’ll give âday bravo; ~-kirdin la v.t. to ﺋـــﺎﻓـــﻪرـــﻦ you twice as much âfarîn there is, voilà applaud ﺋﻪوﻩ awatâ horizons ﺋﺎﻓﺎق suppose: âfâq ﺋـﻪوا ﻫـﺎت و then; ~ hât u ﺋـﻪوا awâ woman ﺋﺎﻓﺮﻩت awâ hât u kurdèk habû suppose there âfrat aware: ~t l’ aw kârá haya? are ﺋــــﮔــــﺎ was a Kurd who … âgâ -those you aware of that?; (2) awake: khaw ﺋﻪواﻧﻪ they; ~a ﺋﻪوان awân ;?wandering tûa yân ~ya? is he asleep or awake ﻪودال awdâl‘ there, in that ~-bûn la v.i. to be aware of; ~-kirdin وێ ~ ’there; l ﺋــــــــﻪوێ awe ,la aware of ﺋـﮔـﺎدار from there, from v.t. to inform; ~dâr وــــــﻮﻩ place; l’ ~wa ,awareness ﺋـــﮔـــﺎداری that place careful of; ~dârî lover, in care, attention, information ﺋــﻪوﯾــﻨــﺪار love; ~dâr ﺋــﻪوــﻦ awîn fireplace ﺋﮔﺮدان fire; ~dân ﺋﮔﺮ love âgir agha, title of feudal lord ﺋﺎﺎ then, subsequently âghâ ﺋﻪوﺎ awjâ -~ ;entertainment, party ﺋـــﺎﻫـــﻪـــﮓ Euro- âhang ﺋـﻪوروﭘـﺎﱙ Europe; ~î ﺋـﻪوروﭘـﺎ Awrupâ pean geřân to hold a party, give an enter- then, at that time tainment ﺋﻪوﺳﺎ awsâ religious ﺋﺎﺋﲎ religion; ~î ﺋﺎﺋﲔ so much, such a âîn ﺋﻪوﺗﯚ awto end, result: la ~’(d)â in the ﺋــــــــﰷم O (vocative particle); oh; now: ay âkâm ﺋـﻪی ay kay det? who’s coming now? end, finally conduct, morals ﺋﰷر May âkâr ﺋﻪر ayâr earth, grave; exclamation of ﺋـــــــــــﺎخ fear, terror âkh ﻪﯾﺒﻪت aybat‘ September pleasure ﺋﻪﯾﻠﻮول aylûl -conversational, collo ﺋــﺎــﺎوــﻦ eyeglasses âkhâwtin ﻪﯾﻨﻪک aynak‘ dragon, serpent quial ﺋﻪژدﳞﺎ azhdîhâ ,!end; (exclamation) well now ﺋـﺎﺧـﺮ azhdîha âkhir = ﺋﻪژﳞﺎ azhîhâ latter ﺋـــﺎﺧـــﺮوﺋـــﻮﺧـــﺮ after all!; ~ u okhir دﻩﺳــﺘـﻪو ﺋـﻪ ﻧژـﯚ ~-knee; dastaw ﺋـﻪ ﻧژـﯚ azhno grieving, mourning part, near the end: la ~ i pâyiz dâ dear; ~-kirdin v.t. to pamper; toward the end of autumn; ~amîn ــﻪزــﺰ azîz last: awa ~ jâr be pet biłem let ﺋـﺎﺧـﺮﻩﻣـﲔ kiran v.p. to be spoiled; ~kirâw-~ pampered, spoiled this be the last time I tell you; ~î ﻪزﺰﺮاو final, last ﺋﺎﺧﺮی contracted form of the postposition) ا â- v.t. to stuff; hał-~ to stuff ﺋــﺎﺧــــﲔ dâ, q.v.) âkhnîn’ August full, cram full ﺋﺎب âb ah, exclamation of pleasure ﺋﺎﺧﯚ siege; ~-dân v.t. to besiege âkho ﺋﺎﺑﯚﻗﻪ âbłoqa red, flushed ﺋﺎل honor, modesty, shame; ~- âl ﺋــــﺎــــوو âbřû pen; flag, banner ﺋﺎ birdin v.t. to dishonor, shame; ~- âłâ ,v.i. to be twisted ﺋـــــﺎـــــ -âłe ﺋـــــﺎن tikândin v.t. to dishonor; ~bar âłân shameful, dishonorable; wrapped ﺋـــــﺎـــــووﺑـــــﻪر 165 SORANI KURDISH winter quarters ﺋﺎران v.t. to twist ârân ﺋـــﺎــــــﻦ -âłên ﺋـــﺎﻧـــﺪن âłândin direction; ~-kirdin v.t. to ﺋــﺎراﺳــــﺘــﻪ trs.) ârâsta) -tools, implements direct: bînarân datwânin pirsyâra ﺋﺎﻻت âlât forage, fodder kânyân ârâsta i mewân i barnâmaká ﺋﺎﻟﻴﮏ âlîk ,ﺋﺎﮏ âlik -Germany bikan viewers can direct their ques ﺋﺎﳌﺎن Âlmân ;itch tions at the guest of the program ﺋﺎﯚش âłosh steering, guiding ﺋﺎراﺳﺘﻪﮐﻪر ditto; ~kar ﺋـﺎـﻘـﻪرـﺰ ring, knocker; ~rez ﺋـﺎـﻘـﻪ âłqa sawdust ﺋﺎردﻩﻣﺸﺎر flour; ~amshâr ﺋﺎرد rez i dargâ kutân v.t. to knock at a ârd~ archaeology ﺋﺎرﮐﯚﻟﯚژ door ârkolozhiyâ cucumber ﺋﺎروو gold ârû ﺋﺎﺘﻮون âłtûn (ace (cards ﺋﺎس change; ~-kirdin v.t. to âs ﺋـــﺎـــﻮﮔـــﯚڕ âługoř remains ﺋﺎﺳﻪوار change, to alter âsawâr postposition) like: min’îsh khot) ﺋــﺎﺳــﺎ tonsils âsâ ﺋﺎﻮو âłû ready; ~-kirdin v.t. to make âsâ am kârá’m kird I, like you, did ﺋـﺎﻣـﺎدﻩ âmâda ready, prepare this; ~î normal, usual -easy; ~-kirdin v.t. to simpli ﺋــﺎﺳــﺎن trust, safekeeping; ba ~ âsân ﺋــﺎﻣــﺎﻧــﻪت âmânat dânà dast i … v.t. to give into the fy; ~î ease: ba âsânî with ease, easily peace, security ﺋﺎﺳﺎﺶ safekeeping of; ba ~ spârdin ba … âsâyish miller; ~geř ﺋـﺎﺷـﻪوان mill; ~awân ﺋـﺎش v.t. to entrust to âsh water that turns a mill ﺋﺎﺷﮕ target, goal ﺋﺎﻣﺎﱋ âmânj cease-fire ﺋﺎﺷﺒﻪﺗﺘﺎڵ cousin âshbattâł ﺋﺎﻣﯚزا paternal uncle; ~zâ ﺋﺎﻣﯚ âmo -~ ;clear, obvious; public ﺋــﺎﺷــﮑــﺮا v.t. to âshkirâ ﺋــﺎﻣــﯚژﮔــﺎری ــﺮدن âmozhgârî-kirdin advise bûn v.i. to be clear, obvious; to be- instrument, implement, tool come public; ~-kirdin v.t. to make ﺋﺎﻣاز âmřâz yoghurt starter, leaven clear, clarify ﺋﺎﻣﺎن âmyân ;acquainted, friendly; expert ﺋـﺎﺷــﻨـﺎ elbow âshnâ ﺋﺎﻧﺸﮏ ânîshk acquaintance ﺋﺎﺷﻨﺎﯾﻪﰏ on purpose, delib- ~yatî ﺋـﺎﻧـﻘـﻪﺳـﺖ (~ ânqast (la .on good terms; ~-bûnawa v.i ﺋـﺎﺷـﺖ erately âsht -peace, re ﺋـــﺎﺷــــــﱴ paternal uncle to be reconciled; ~î ﺋﺎﭘﯚ âpo -seek ﺋـﺎﺷـــﺨـﻮاز calamity conciliation; ~îkhwâz ﺋﺎﭘﯚر âpor crowd; ~-dân v.t. to crowd: ing reconciliation ﺋــﺎﭘــﯚرﻩ âpora gazelle, deer ﺋﺎﺳﮏ khałkèk i zor la dawr i mizgawt ~yân âsik iron; ~ i sârd kutân to do ﺋــــــﺎﺳــــــﻦ dâwa many people have crowded âsin ﺋـــﺎﺳــــــﻨـــﮕـــﻪر around the mosque something useless; ~gar sweat; ~-kirdinawa blacksmith ﺋـﺎرﻩﻗـﻪ، ﺋـﺎرﻩق (âraq(a Asia ﺋﺎﺳﻴﺎ v.t. to sweat; ~-rishtin v.t. to sweat Âsiyâ sky; ~ i dûr la zawîawa ﺋــــﺎﺳــــﲈن âsmân ﺋــﺎرﻩزووﮐــﻪر wish, hope; ~kar ﺋــﺎرﻩزوو ârazû ,outer space; ~î of the sky, heavenly ﺋـــﺎرﻩزووﻣـــﻪﻧـــﺪ desirous, wishful; ~mand hopeful; ~-kirdin v.t. to wish, desire blue horizon ﺋﺎﺳﯚ calm; ~-girtin v.t. to be still, âso ﺋـــــﺎرام ârâm la ~e kho in spite of oneself :ﺋﺎﺳﺖ patient, calm down; ~ biřrân la(bar) âst -slight: namirdibû u ba âs ﺋــﺎﺳــــﺘــﻪم v.p. to lose patience: wazîr ârâm’î le âstam hałdagîre the vizier loses his pa- tam gyân’î te’dâ mâbû he wasn’t impatient; be~î dead, for there was a slight trace of ﺋــــــــﺎرام ~tience; be :impatience life still in him; ba ~(èk) slightly ﺋﺎراﻣﯽ 166 SORANI–ENGLISH VOCABULARY dastim ba ~èk rûshâwa my hand is warp ﺋـﺎوﺳـﺎﻧـﻪﱙ fable, legend; ~î ﺋـﺎوﺳـﺎﻧـﻪ slightly scratched; (2) difficult to âwsâna cross: Taragha kewèk i ~a Taragha is fabulous, legendary âwis = ﺋﺎووس a difficult mountain to get across âwus (O (vocative particle ﺋﺎی in comfort, comfortable; ây ﺋـــﺎﺳـــﻮودﻩ âsûda interrogative particle ﺋﺎ kirdin v.t. to make comfortable; ~î âyâ-~ religion; ~î traditional; religious ﺋﺎﻦ comfort, prosperity; kawtinà âyin ﺋـﺎﺳـﻮودﻩﱙ mirror ﺋﺎﯾﻨﻪ îawa to become prosperous âyina~ future, coming, next: do ﺋــــﺎﯾــــﻨــــﺪﻩ fire âyinda ﺋﺎﺗﻪر âtar fireworks rozh i âyinda two days later ﺋﺎﺗﻪﺷﺒﺎزی âtashbâzî ﺋـﺎزاﯾـﻪ bravery; ~yatî ﺋـﺎزاﰃ brave; ~î ﺋـﺎزا watery; light blue; âzâ ﺋـــﺎوی water; ~î ﺋـــﺎو âw act of bravery, feat ﰏ sprinkling, spraying ﺋـــﺎوڕﺷــــــﻦ řishen~ ;free; ~-kirdin v.t. to set free ﺋــــــﺎزاد with water âzâd freedom ﺋﺎزادى flourishing ~î ﺋﺎوﻩدان âwadân bravely, courageously ﺋﺎزاﻧﻪ friend, companion âzâna ﺋﺎوﻩڵ âwał -bother, annoyance; pain, mal ﺋـــﺎزار thus; flourishing, prosperous âzâr1 ﺋــــــــــﺎوا âwâ (land); ~-bûn to disappear; to be ady; ~-kirdin v.t. to bother, annoy March ﺋﺎزار gone, over: rozh âwâ be, demà mâł- âzâr2 âzâna = ﺋﺎزاﻧﻪ tân when day is done I’ll come to âzâyâna flocks, herds ﺋﺎژﻩل you; ~-kirdin v.t. to develop; ~dân âzhal commotion, uproar ﺋﺎژاوﻩ flourishing, prosperous; ~î âzhâwa ﺋــــــــــــــﺎوادان provisions, stores ﺋﺎزووﻗﻪ village, settlement; ~kirdinawa âzûqa ﺋـﺎواداﱏ development companion, mate; ~kirâs b- pres. stem of bûn ﺋـــــــــــــﺎواڵ âwâł with enclitic pronouns pre- or) ﺑـــــــــــﻪ women’s trousers ba ﺋﺎواﮑﺮاس -to; by, with (instru (ﭘــ wanderer, vagabond postposed, pe ﺋﺎوارﻩ âwâra desire: ~ i dił the heart’s de- mental); by (with passives): hîchit pe ﺋـــــﺎوات âwât sire; ~-khwâstin bo to wish for, nâkire nothing can be done by you for compound adjectives formed ﺑــــﻪ desirous, ba-1 ﺋـــﺎواﺗـــﻪﺧـــﻮاز desire; ~akhwâz hopeful from ba-, such as barez, bakhabar, reputa- banâwbâng, see next element ﺋــﺎوازﻩ tune, melody; ~a ﺋــﺎواز âwâz pres. stem of birdin ﺑﻪ singer; ~a- ba-2 ﺋــــﺎوازﻩﺧــــﻮان tion; ~akhwân ﺑــﻪدﺑــﻪ unfortunate; ~îﺑــﻪدﺑــﻪﺧــﺖ singer badbakht ﺋﺎوازﻩﺧﻮﻦ khwen misfortune; bo ~î unfortunately ﺧﱴ mirror ﺋﺎوﻨﻪ âwena snow; ~-girtin v.t. for snow toﺑـــﻪﻓـــﺮ swamp bafr ﺋﺎوﮋﻩ âwezha thus, of this sort cover s.th.: bafr girtûyatî it is covered ﺋﺎوﻫﺎ âwhâ the month ﺑـﻪﻓـﺮاﻧـﺒـﺎر fire; pregnant with snow; ~ânbâr ﺋﺎور âwir backward glance; ~-dânawa la of Capricorn (December 22–January ﺋــﺎوڕ âwiř v.t. to look over the shoulder at, to 20) lord, master ﺑﻪگ look back at bag Baghdad ﺑﻪﺪا pregnant Baghdâ ﺋﺎوس âwis ;stingy; jealous; ~î jealousy ﺑـﻪﻏـﻴـﻞ baghîl ﺋـــﺎورـــﺸـــﻤـــﲔ silk; ~în ﺋـــﺎورـــﺸـــﻢ âwrîshim silken, made of silk ~î hâtin la v.i. to be jealous: baghî- honor lî’yân le dahât they were jealous ﺋﺎورو âwru -misun ﺑـﻪﻫـﻪـﻪﺗــﮕـﻪـﺸـﱳ v.i. to swell; to bahałategayshtin ﺋـﺎوﺳـ -âwse ﺋـﺎوﺳـﺎن âwsân 167 SORANI KURDISH derstanding sake of, because of; la ~ …’dâ in spring front of; la ~ …awa to, with, in the ﺑﻪﻫﺎر bahâr benefit, lot; ~-birdin la v.t. presence of: la bar khoyawa gutî he ﺑــﻪﻫــﺮﻩ bahra to derive benefit from said to himself; ~la ~ awaî because; merhorse, a fabulous magi- la ~ kirdin v.t. to put on, wear; la ﺑـﻪﺣـﺮی baḥrî cal horse common in Iranian fairy ~ân i throughout the length and tales breadth of; la ~dam i in front of; la ~ v.t. to drag, dast i …’dâ in the presence of, in ﺑـــﻪﮐــــــﺶ ـــﺮدن bakesh-kirdin haul: ba zor bakesh’î kirdim bo lâ i front of, with; lamaw~ previously, qâzî he hauled me before the judge by before; (2) fruit, produce rug, flat-woven carpet ﺑﻪڕ force bař impt. stem of birdin ﺑﻪر -v.t. to take bar ﺑـــﻪﺧــــــﻮ ـــﺮدن bakhew-kirdin tribe, tribal division ﺑﻪرﻩ care of, to raise (a child) bara1 ,bit; bara-bara little by little ﺑــــﻪرﻩ luck; ~-kirdin v.t. to risk, to bara2 ﺑـﻪﺧـﺖ bakht sacrifice; ~ kirânawa v.p. to have a gradually toward ﺑﻪرﻩی stroke of luck: bakhtî kirâwatawa he bara3 i bař = ﺑﻪڕﻩ has had a stroke of luck; ~awar bařa at dawn ﺑﻪرﻩﺑﻪن lucky; ~iyâr prosperous; ~iyârî pros- barabayân free, unhampered; ~-kirdin ﺑــﻪرﻩ perity barałâ Bakhtak, Anoshar- to set free, turn loose: min barałâ i ﺑــــﻪﺧــــــــﻪک Bakhtak wan’s vizier kołânân dakrem I’ll be turned out into poor, destitute the streets ﺑﻪﮕﺎز balangâz v.i. to ﺑـﻪرﻩـﮕـﺎر ﺑـﻮوﻧـﻪوﻩ but (conj.) barangâr-bûnawa ﺑﻪم bałâm yes fight with, oppose, resist: dayawe ﺑﻪ báłe promise; ~-dân ba v.t. to dastdrezhî’y bikâtà sar bałâm kichá ﺑــــﻪــــــــﻦ bałen make a promise to barangâr’î dabetawa he wants to document; proof violate her, but the girl resists him ﺑﻪﮕﻪ bałga (impt. sing. of bûnawa) ﺑـــــــﻪرﻩوﻩ but, rather barawa ﺑﻪﮑﻪ báłka maybe, perhaps be … again ﺑﻪﮑﻮو báłkû ,ﺑﻪﮑﻮ báłku ;headed down ﺑــــــــﻪرﻩوژــــــــﺮ drawstring (trousers) baraw|zher ﺑﻪﻧﻪﺧﻮن banakhun headed up ﺑﻪرﻩوژوور builder ~zhûr ﺑﻪ banâ ;in the face of, against ﺑـﻪراﻣــﻪر famous, well- barâmbar ﺑـــــــﻪوـــــــﮓ banâwbâng known ~ ba facing v.t. to ﺑــــــﻪراوﻩرد ــــــﺮدن prison, dungeon; joint; magic barâward-kirdin ﺑــﻪﻧــﺪ band spell; dam; ~ hał-witin ba to say a make a comparison boar ﺑﻪراز prisoner; ~îkhâna barâz ﺑــﻪﻧــﺪی spell over; ~î base of the throat; ~-girtin ﺑــﻪرﺑــﲔ prison barbîn ﺑﻪﻧﺪﳜﺎﻧﻪ mountain to grab by the throat ﺑﻪﻧﺪﻩن bandan see châw ﺑﻪرﺎو chest, breast; fore; ~ la before, barchâw ﺑـــــــﻪر bar ;stone: dawr i ~ the Stone Age ﺑــﻪرد pre-; ~-bûn v.i. to get free; ~-bûnawa bard ;pebble, small stone وردﻩﺑـــــــﻪرد ~v.i. to fall; ~-dân v.t. to set free; ~- wirda rocky ﺑﻪردﻩﱏ girtin v.t. to cover, obscure: hawrèk i ~ałânî errand boy; available ﺑﻪردﻩﺳﺖ rash bar i âsmânî girt a black cloud bardast -constant(ly), continu ﺑـﻪردﻩوام obscured the sky; ~-kirdin v.t. to put bardawâm on, wear; ~dam front; la ~ for the al(ly); ~-bûn v.i. to be persistent, 168 SORANI–ENGLISH VOCABULARY steady; ~bûn continuation, continu- tion ,maybe ﺑــﻪﺷــﲂ bashkim , ﺑــﻪﺷــﮑــﻪ ance bashka director, manager; perhaps ﺑــﻪڕــﻮﻩﺑــﻪر bařewabar see under shû ﺑﻪﺷﻮودان administration, di- bashûdân ﺑـﻪڕـﻮﻩﺑـﻪراﯾـﻪﰏ âyatî~ poor, unfortunate ﺑﻪﻣﺎن rectorate basizmân -Baathist, member of Sad ﺑــــﻪﻋــــﴗ see rez ba‘sî ﺑﻪڕﺰ bařez clothes; cover; da ~ girtin dam Hussein’s ruling party in Iraq ﺑــــــــﻪرگ barg poor, wretched ﺑﻪﺳﺘﻪزﻣﺎن bastazmân ﺑــﻪرﮔــﺪروو v.t. to wrap in a cover; ~dirû v.t. to tie, to ﺑـــﻪﺳـــﺖ -bast ﺑـــﻪﺳـــﱳ tailor bast|in ﺑـــﻪﺳـــﱰێ -bastre ﺑـــﻪﺳـــﱰان power, ability; ~-girtin v.t. freeze; ~rân ﺑـــﻪرﮔـــﻪ barga to resist v.p. to be tied, frozen: la tirsân zibânî obstacle bastrâ his tongue was frozen from ﺑﻪرﻫﻪﺴﺖ barhałist v.p. to be tied ﺑـﻪﺳـﱰاﻧـﻪوﻩ fruit, produce; ~-henân fear; ~rânawa ﺑـــﻪرﻫـــﻪم barham v.t. to bear fruit, be productive; ~he- up: la hamû lâyèkawa asp bastrâwa- productive tawa horses were tied up on every ﺑﻪرﻫﻪﻨﻪر nar pocket side ﺑﻪرﮏ barîk ,over, finished; empty; invalid ﺑـﻪڵ Britain batâł ﺑﻪرﯾﺘﺎﻧﻴﺎ Barîtânyâ lamb unemployed: brâyèkim batâła one of ﺑﻪرخ barkh .apron, smock my brothers is out of work; ~-bûn v.i ﺑﻪرﮐﯚش barkosh program to be over, come to an end; ~-kirdin ﺑﻪرﻣﻪ barnâma -collar; ~-bar-dân v.t. to v.t. to stop, cease: har nîwařo batâł ﺑــــــــﻪرۆک barok leave alone, stop pestering; ~-girtin mân kird we stopped just at noon; ~î idleness ﺑﻪﻰ v.t. to pester -v.t. to in ﺑــﻪﰵ ــﺮدﻧــﻪوﻩ responsible, in authority; batâqî-kirdinawa ﺑـﻪرـﺮس barpirs responsible vestigate ﺑﻪرﺮﺳﻴﺎر yâr~ morning ﺑﻪﱏ with the speed of light- bayânî ﺑــﻪرﻗــﺎﺳــﺎ barqâsâ camomile ﺑﻪﯾﺒﻮون ning baybûn ,midst; la ~ i …dâ between ﺑــــﻪــــﻦ high, tall, loud: ba dang i ~ in bayn ﺑــــﻪرز barz -standing, among: l’ aw ~á’dâ at that time, un ﺑــــﻪرزﻩﭘــــ a loud voice; ~ape highness, tallness; der those circumstances; pâsh ~èk ﺑــــﻪرزاﰃ upright; ~âî after a while; ~annahren ﭘــﺎش ﺑــﻪﯾــــــﮏ high place Mesopotamia ﺑﻪﯾﻨﻪﻧﻨﻪﻫﺮﻦ (ﺑﲔ اﳯﺮﻦ) interests ﺑﻪرژﻩوﻩﻧﺪی barzhawandî compassion: bazaî’m pe’dâ ﺑــــﻪزﻩﰃ horse bazaî ﺑﻪرزووﻻخ barzwulâkh enough hât I felt sorry for him ﺑﻪس bas (dry land (opp. to sea ﺑﻪژ adventure bazh ﺑﻪﺳﻪرﻫﺎت basarhât ~-to go/come down; dâ ﺑـــﻪزـــﻦ .aged bazîn v.i ﺑﻪﺳﺎﭼﻮو basâłâchû frightening, terrible to get off, down ﺑﻪﺳﺎم basâm section, share; omen; ~ i … bâ1 hortatory particle (+ subj): bâ ﺑــــــــﻪش bash kirdin v.t. to suffice for …; ~akher biroyn c’mon, let’s go ;handout, charity; ~-kirdin v.t. bâ2 wind; ~-dân for the wind to blow ﺑـﻪﺷـﻪــﺮ ﻫــــــــﯚز whirlwind; ~hoz ﮔــــــــﻪڕ to be enough: aw toza bashim nâkâ ~gař that little bit is not enough for me; whirlwind father ب bâb ﺑـــﻪ participant; ~dârbûn ﺑـــﻪﺷـــﺪار dâr~ -the Sublime Porte, of ﰉ ــﺎﱃ participation; ~dârî-kirdin Bâb i ‘Âlî ﺷـــﺪارﺑـــﻮون -corpora- fice of the grand vizier of the Otto ﺑـﻪﺷـﮑـﯚ v.t. to participate; ~ko 169 SORANI KURDISH load, burden; manner: pewîst-a ر man Empire bâr2 la ~…awa about, concern- aw bârá rûn bikretawa ka khwenakáy :ﺑـــﻪت bâbat ing: la ~ minawa adwân they were tedâ rizhâwa it is necessary for the talking about me; (2) worthy: ama ~ i manner in which his blood was shed to niya this is not worthy of you to be made clear; ~ dâ-girtin v.t. to v.t. to weave pack one’s bags; to unload; ~henân ﻓﲔ bâfîn ;strong, upbringing; la ~ i for, for the sake of ﻫــﯚدار shoulders; ~dâr ﻫــﯚ bâho powerful ~-kirdin v.t. to load; to decamp, ~ ;bill of lading رﻣــــــﻪ garden, orchard; ~ i gishtî leave; ~nâma خ bâkh garden râst-kirdinawa to set straight a ﺧﻪ park; ~cha -breast, armpit, embrace; ~î crooked load, (meta.) to help some ــﻪڵ bâkhał breast, pocket (adj.): daftar i one out, come to someone’s aid: zor ـــــﻪـــــﯽ bâkhałî pocket notebook le-qawmâw bûm, kâkim bârî râst bird kirdimawa I was in bad straits, but ﺪار arm, wing; ~dâr ڵ bâł bâłâ height, stature; ~-kirdin v.t. to my brother helped me out; ~ u dokh burden; situation رودۆخ ;tall, elegant ﺑــــــــــﻪرز get tall; ~barz pres. stem of bârîn ر -something that shows bâr ﻧـــﻮـــﻦ nwen~ time: dû ~ hâtawa he came رﻩ the figure: âwena i bâłânwen full- bâra length mirror back twice; (2) power: am kâr a gurg i ~ experienced, girâná la ~ i minâ niya this heavy :ﻻﻧـﺪﯾـﺪﻩ bâlândîda worldly labor is not within my power; dar~ i (bird about, concerning; la ~ i …(awa ﺪار bâłdâr bird about, concerning ﻨﺪﻩ bâłinda bârgâ = رﻩﮔﺎ pillow bâragâ ﺸﺖ bâłisht ,rain; ~din bâren- v.t. to rain ران pillow bârân ﲔ bâłîn a Kurdish verse form shower; dâ-~ to rain down ﻟﯚرﻩ bâlora baggage, paraphernalia; ~chî رﮔــﻪ ambassador bârga ﻮﺰ bâłwez caravan leader رﮔﻪﭼﯽ aside م ...ـﻪوﻩ bâm la …awa be king’s court; headquarters رﮔﺎ from, not to mention bârgâ size, volume رﺳﺘﺎﰃ âî~ ,رﺳﺖ roof; steppe; ~èka u dû hawâ bârist ن bân v.i. to rain; dâ-~ to ر -bâr رــــــــﻦ there’s a double standard bârîn the month of Taurus rain down ﻧـــــﻪﻣـــــﻪڕ bânamař gunpowder ڕووت April 21– May 21) bâřût) -discussion; ~-kirdin v.t. to dis س cry, shout; ~-kirdin v.t. to bâs ـــــــــﮓ bâng call, summon, invite; ~heshtin invita- cuss good: rozh ~ good day; da ~a ش tion; ~-heshtin-kirdin bo v.t. to in- bâsh vite: dabe bângheshtinèk’it bo bikam that’s enough! upper arm ﺳﮏ bo mâława I must invite you to my bâsik ,occult; châw i ~ inner eye ﺗــــــــﲎ a cry for help, bâtînî ــــﮕــــﻪواز home; ~awâz request for assistance; ~awâz-kirdin sixth sense, the ability to see hidden v.t. to ask for assistance things ,v.i. to become current و ﺑـــﻮون small roof bâw-bûn ﻧﻩ bânîzha bâb customary = پ bâp -belief; ~-kirdin v.t. to be وﻩڕ grandfather bâwař ﭘﲑ bâpîr time, instance (= jâr) lieve ر bâr1 170 SORANI–ENGLISH VOCABULARY -bosom, embrace: hałim- Farhad legendarily carved the moun وﻩش bâwash girt ba ~imawa I grabbed him in my tain for Shirin -anxious, unable to en ﺑــــــﺎﻗــﻪت arms; ~-kirdin ba …’dâ v.t. to em- betâqat brace: bâwash’y pe’dâ kird she em- dure; ~-kirdin v.t. to make anxious: braced him yâd i bâwkî zor betâqatî kird the stepmother memory of his father made him very وﻩژن bâwazhin grandfather anxious وا bâwâ -inno ﺑـــﺎواﱏ innocent; ~î ﺑـــﺎوان father betâwân وک bâwik v.t. to yawn cence وﺷﮏ دان bâwishk-dân widow ﺑﻮﻩژن widow; ~zhin ﺑﻮﻩ price, worth bewa ی bây condescension ﺑﺰ worth, value; ~-dân ba to bez ﯾــــﻪخ bâyakh -biwezh = ﺑﮋ -attach value to, to pay attention to: bezh literature ﺑﮋﻩ hîch bâyakhe ba qsakám nâdâ he bezha v.t. to sift ﺑﮋێ -bezhe ﺑﮋان doesn’t pay any attention to what I bezhân never: ~ ~ nâchimawa ﺑــــــــــــای say bibiřây owl gund I’ll never ever go back to the ﯾﻘﻮوش bâyqûsh village زﮔــــــﻪردان hawk, falcon; ~gardân ز bâz past perf. of bûn) s/he had) ﺑـــــﺒـــــﻮو hawking, making a hawk fly (method bibû of choosing a new king in folktales) been: dawlat a khâwanqudratakân i v.t. to flee in haste dîka ka la shař’dâ peroz bibûn the ز دان bâz-dân la from, to run away in fear from other powerful states that had been city, market victorious in the war ژﺮ bâzher little, small ﮑﯚڵ arm; dappled (horse) bichkoł زگ bâzig small, little ﻮوک bracelet bichûk زﯾﺒﻪﻧﺪ bâzîband widespread; ~-kirdin v.t. to ﺑــــــو be without (for most compounds in biłâw be-, see following element; note that spread, publish, publicize; ~ kirdin- there are a few be- compounds that do awa v.t. to broadcast, publish; ~a- v.t. to disperse, go ﺑـــــوﻩ ـــــﺮدن not occur without the prefix: they are kirdin listed alphabetically); ba ~ awaî (+ away: khałk biłâwayân kird the peo- subj.) without: ba be awaî biybînim ple dispersed nightingale ﺑﺒ without my seeing it biłbił fiery ﺑﺴﻪ be- = biye-, subj. of hâtin biłesa high, exalted ﺑﻠﻨﺪ baby bilind ﺑﭽﻮو bechû ﺑــــﻤـﻪﰏ genius, clever; ~î ﺑــــﻤـﻪت poor, unfortunate biłîmat ﺑﺪﻩرﻩن bedaratân stranger, foreigner cleverness ﺑﮕﺎﻧﻪ begâna reed flute; ~ le-dân to play ﺑــﻠــﻮــﺮ waste of time bilwer ﺑﮕﺎر begâr except for the flute ﺑﺠﮕﻪ bejiga la ;family ﺑــﻨــﻪﻣــﺎڵ (bottom; ~amâł(a ــﻦ limitless, shoreless bin ﺑﮑﻪر bekanâr curious, inquisitive; ~jorî ﺑــﻨــﺠــﯚر subj. of heshtin, for bíheł- ~jor ﺑﻴ -beł nape of the ﺑـــﻤـﻞ curiosity; ~mil ﺑـﻨـﺠـﯚری -subj. of henân, for bíhen ﺑﻦ -ben v.i. to sneeze neck ﺑﻦ benzhîn baggage, belongings ﺑﻨﻪ homeless, bina ﺑــــﺴــﻪروﺷــﻮــﻦ besar-u-shwen foundation; ~ dâ-rishtin to ﺑـﻨـﺎـﻪ destitute binâgha thicket lay a foundation ﺑﺸﮏ beshik mountain skirt, foothill ﺑﻨﺎر Behistun, the site where binâr ﺑــﺴــﺘـﻮون Besitûn 171 SORANI KURDISH ـــﺮﯾـــﻘـــﺎن shiny; ~ân ـــﺮﯾـــﻘـــﻪدار chewing gum birîq|adâr ﺑﻨﺸﺖ binesht v.i. to shine, to sparkle ﺮﯾﻘ -root birîqe ﺑﻨﺞ binj biretî = ﺮﯾﱴ human birîtî ﺑﺎدﻩم binyâdam eyebrow ﺮۆ foundation; ~-nân v.t. to lay biro ﺑـــﺎت binyât passive of ـــــــﺮرێ -birre ـــــــﺮران a foundation, to construct birrân1 bit: biřèk âw’im da give me a bit birdin in all senses; la nâw ~ to be ـــــ biř of water; (2) piece (of wood): dû biř done away with passive of) ــــــرێ -biřre ــــــران dâr bena bring two sticks of wood; biřrân2 (3) group: tûsh i biř a pyâwe bûm I biřîn) (1) to be cut: ba tawir dâraká met a group of men; (4) power, biřrâ the tree was cut with an ax; (2) strength; ~-dân v.t. to flow: am rûbâ- to be finished, to be no more: nânmân ra biř nâdâ this river doesn’t flow; ~- la mâł biřrâ there is no more food in kirdin v.t. to have strength: biř nâ- our house; ~awa to cease: tâwe bârân kam l’ am kefá sar kawim I can’t nábiř-râyawa the rain didn’t cease for make it to the top of this mountain; to a time; dâ-~ to cut off; hał-~ la to be effective: tâ châw ~-kât as far as part from, get separated from: la dos- the eye can see; ~ le-dân v.t. to shuf- takáy hałbiřrâ he parted from his drenched: friend ﺗــــﻪڕوــــ ~ fle (cards); tař u -hun ـﺮﺳــﻴـﻪﰏ hunger; ~iyatî ـﺮﺳـﺎن kirâsakám tař u biř a my shirt’s birs|ân -hungry: birsîma I’m hun ــﺮﳻ drenched; la ~ altogether: bar i am ger; ~î gwezá la biř chand a? how much gry -belief; ~-kirdin ba v.t. to be ــــﺮوا does this walnut tree produce alto- birwâ gether? lieve in; (2) permission; ~-dân v.t. to popularity; ~ paydâ-kirdin allow, let: diłim biřwâ nâdât châwim ــــــﺮﻩو biraw v.t. to be popular ba minâłî bikawe I don’t have the brotherly heart to look at his child; ~nâma ﺮاﻧﻪ brother; ~yâna ﺮا birâ diploma ﺮواﻣﻪ .See biřrân .ان biřân -would that (+ past condition ـــــﺮ v.t., 3rd sing. pres. biryâ) ﺑـــــﻪ -ba ـــــﺮدن birdin dabâ(t); impt. sing. (bi)bara) to take, al): ~ aw kâráy nakirdibâya would to spend (time): that he hadn’t done that ـﺮدﻧـﻪ ﺳـﻪر carry; ~à sar -decision; ~-dân v.t. to de ـــــــر am shawá l’era bibaynà sar let’s biřyâr spend tonight here; dar-~ to endure cide; ~-nân v.t. to decide; la ~ consisting of henânà khwârawa to make one ﺮﱴ biretî la uncooked rice change one’s mind: hîch shitèk la ﺮﱋ birinj copper biřyâr i khoy nayhenâyà khwârawa ﺮﳒﻪ birinja fertile ground; power, abil- nothing could make him change his ـﺷـﺖ biřisht ity mind v.i. to be ـــــــﺮژێ -birzhe ـــــــﺮژان power birzhân ﺳﺖ biřist wounded; roasted ـﺮﯾـﻨـﺪار wound; ~dâr ـﺮـﻦ birîn v.t. to ــﺮژــﻦ -birzhen ــﺮژاﻧــﺪن nurse birzhândin ﺮﯾﻨﭻ pech~ v.t. to cut; dar-~ to dis- roast ـ -biř ـ ـﻦ biřîn eyelash ﺮژاﮓ close, reveal; châw-~ la to be hopeful birzhâng ticket ﺑﺘﺎﻗﻪ of; qsa pe-~ to interrupt: ba tundî bitâqa buzz ﺑﭫ qsakám pe biřî u gutim I quickly biv -pres. subj. of wîstin, with pro) ﺑـﻮێ interrupted him and said biwe 172 SORANI–ENGLISH VOCABULARY pres. stem of bîstin ﺑﺲ -nominal affix, e.g., -im biwe) bîs twenty ﺑﺴﺖ pretext bîst ﺑﻴﺎﻧﻮو biyânû v.t. to hear ﺑﺲ -bîs ﺑﺴﱳ laugh, laughter bîstin ﺰﻩ biza v.p. to be ﺑــﺴـﱰێ -bîstre ﺑــﺴـﱰان v.t. to shake bîstrân ﺰاو -bizâw ﺰاوﻦ bizâwtin v.t. to weed out, heard ـــﮋار ـــﺮدن bizhâr-kirdin to, for; why?, what for?; ~ chi ﺑــــــــــــﯚ eradicate bo v.t. to weed why?, what for?; ~ awaî (+ subj.) in ـﮋـﺮ -bizher ـﮋاردن bizhârdin out, eradicate; hał-~ to select, choose order that v.i. to think, to have an ﺑــﯚﭼــﻮون substance bo-chûn ﮋﯾﻮ bizhîw goat opinion; bochûn opinion ﺰن bizin malodorous plants that animals ﺑـﯚﮔـﻪ v.t. to lose; boga ـﺰرﮐـ -bizirke ـﺰرﰷن bizirk|ân rang hał-~ân to lose color, grow will not eat selfish; ~î selfishness ﺑﯚﺧﯚ pale, bokho رﻩــﮕــﻬــﻪــﱫرﰷو pale; rang-hał~âw roaring, rumbling ﺑﯚﻪﺑﯚڵ white as a sheet” (with fright) bołaboł“ smell; ~-kirdin v.t. to smell, to ﺑــــﯚن nail; ~-kirdin v.t. to nail; ~- bon ـﺰﻣـﺎر bizmâr krân v.p. to be nailed smell bad, to stink cause, pretext; ba ~ i …awa on ﺑـﯚﻧـﻪ v.i. to move, bona ــــﺰوو -bizû ــــﺰووــــﻦ bizûtin budge, stir the occasion of gray ﺑﯚر v.i. to shake bor ــــﺰوێ -bizwe ــــﺰوان bizw|ân wave; ~-khwârdin v.t. to swell ﺑﯚڕ bizwen- boř1 ــﺰواﻧــﺪن int.), quiver; ~ândin) loss (at a game); ~-khwârdin ﺑـــــــﯚڕ boř2 ـﺰوـﻨـﻪر v.t. to shake (trs.); ~enar ـﺰوـﻦ quivering, tremulous v.t. to lose (game): bořit khwârd you :(vowel lost; ~-dân v.t. to beat (at a game ﺰوﻦ bizwen pupil (of the eye): bořim dây(t) I beat you ﺑـﻴـــ bîbîla ,ﺑـــ bîbila ;ignoble; fallow, infertile ﺑــــــــــــــﯚرﻩ la bîbila i châwî pitir khosh dawîst he bora common peron, person ﺑـﯚرﻩﭘـﻴـﺎگ was the apple of his eye ~pyâg breath; ~-keshân v.t. to hold the of no name or consequence ﺑــــﲔ bîn storm ﺑﯚران holding the borân ﺑــــــﻪﮐــــﺸــﯽ breath; ~akeshî mooing of cows; bleating of ﺑــﯚڕان breath bořân viewer sheep ﺑﻪر bînar empty ﺑﯚش v.p. to be bosh ﺑـــﺪرێ -bîndre ﺑـــﺪران bîndrân .bûwata. See bûn = ﺑﯚﺗﻪ seen bota for that reason ﺑﯚﯾﻪ v.t. to see (see also bóya ﺑـــﲔ -bîn ﺑـــﻴــــــﲔ bînîn shoe polish ﺑﯚخ dîn) boyâkh necktie ﺑﯚﯾﺎغ memory, mind; ~-kirdin(awa) la boynbâgh ﺑـﲑ bîr1 birâ = ﺮا to think of; ba ~’dâ hâtin to remem- brâ Britain; ~ yi Kabîr ـــﺮﯾـــﺘـــﺎﻧـــﻴـــﺎ ber: wâm ba bîr’dâ hât ka… I remem- Brîtânyâ Great Britain ﺮﯾﺘﺎﻧﻴﺎی ﮐﻪﺑﲑ -bered that…; ba ~ henânawa to re bundle ﺑﻮﺧﻪ mind; la ~ bûn to remember: awânim bukhcha .slander; ~-kirdin ba v.t ﺑـﻮﺧــﺎن la bîrin I remember them; la ~ chûn bukhtân to forget; la ~ mân to remain in the to slander; ~-rek-khistin bo v.t. to re- make up slander about: ~èk i gawra’y ﺑــﲑﻫــــﻨــﺎﻧــﻪوﻩ memory; ~henânawa thinking (darbâra bo kichaká rek-khist he made up great ﺑـــﲑوڕا minder; ~urâ i about) slander about the girl nightingale ﺑﻮﻟﺒﻮل water well bulbul ﺑﲑ bîr2 173 SORANI KURDISH v.t. to ــﻪﻧــﻪــﻪن ــﺮدن bwârdin chanachan-kirdin = ﺑﻮواردن buwârdin little, small talk at length, chatter ﺑﻮوﮏ bûchik chin ﻪﮔﻪ bride; doll, puppet chanâga ﺑﻮوک bûk ?how much?, how many ــــــﻪﻧــــــﺪ ashes chand ﺑﻮوڵ bûł ~ :(.earthquake (usually followed by indef. sing ﺑﻮوﻣﻪرزﻩ bûmalarza :b- (v.i., past perf. bibû) to be, rozhèk how many days?; few, several ﺑـــــﻮون bûn to become, to happen: agar bet u (+ aw chand rozhá those few days left: dast i ~ left hand ﻪپ subj) if it should happen that…; ~awa chap filthy; ~î filth ﻪﭘﻪڵ to be repeated, happen again: …èk chapał applause; ~-ledân bo v.t. to ـﻪﭘــﻪ nabetawa a unique …; ~awa la to be chapła done with, be finished with; ~ ba to applaud for: khałk chapła’yân bo ledâ become: aw bû ba pâshâ he became the people applauded for him; ~rezân king; ~ u na~ to be almost, not to applause slap; ~-keshân ba sar i ـــﻪﭘـــﯚک quite be: bayânî rozh bûwa u nabûwa chapok in the morning when it was not quite … v.t. to slap on the head /v.i. to sink to ـﻪ -chaqe ـﻪﻗـﺎن daylight; (d)ábe(t) (+ subj.) must: chaqân dabe royshtibe he must have gone into the ground: rîshakân chaqân the ـﻪﻗـﺎﻧـﺪن bûł roots sank into the earth; ~din = ﺑﻮوڕ bûř v.t. to stick into the ــــﻪﻗــــــــﻦ -v.t. to forgive: chaqen ﺑــــﻮور -bûr ﺑــــﻮوردن bûrdin bímbûra excuse me ground: nezay da zawî chaqând he -v.t. to grow, stuck his lance into the ground; hałﺑــﻮوژێ -bûzhe ﺑــﻮوژان bûzhân sprout; ~awa to flourish, enjoy life ~din da to scratch: diřkekî te hałcha- front (military) qândim a thorn scratched me ﺑﻮارﻩ bwâra chaqân = ﻪﻗﲔ v.t. to pass chaqîn ﺑــــﻮــــﺮ -bwer ﺑــــﻮاردن bwârdin knife ﻪﻗﯚ time); râ-~ to spend (time): khosh- chaqo) crank ﻪڕﻪڕﻩ mân râbwârd we had a good time; chařchařa ;wheel; cigarette lighter ـــــــــﻪرخ khosh’î râbwârdûa he enjoyed life; charkh twist ــــﻪرخ و ﺧــــﻮل mâwayèk râbwârd a period of time century; ~-u-khul passed and turn -suffering, hard ـﻪرﻣـﻪﺳـﻪرێ foreign charmasare ﺑﻴﺎﱏ byânî ship sleight-of-hand trick ﻪﴰﻪ weapon, arms; ~badast chashma ـــــــــــــــﻪک chak sort, type; manner: b’ am ــﻪﺷــﻦ armed; be~ chashn ﺑــﻪــﻪﮐــﻪوﻩ armed; ba ~awa unarmed chashná in this way; hama~a of flint, lighter every sort, miscellaneous ﻪﺧﲈخ chakhmâkh highway robber ﻪﺗﻪ boot chata ﻪﳈﻪ chakma fork; a wooden or metal ــــــــــﻪڵ hammer chatâł ﻪﻮش chakush time; galèk ~ân many times fork on which a gun is set for stability ﻪل chal gravel, sand ﻪو quandry, dilemma: tang chaw1 ـﻪـﻪﻣـﻪ chałama châw = ﻪو u ~ i awa’m kawtà bar I was caught chaw2 grease; ~-kirdin v.t. to ـــــــــــــﻪور in a real dilemma chawr river, stream grease, slick down ﻪم cham v.i. to ــﻪوﺳــ -chawse ــﻪوﺳــﺎن v.t. chaws|ân ـﻪﻣــﻦ -chamen ـﻪﻣـﺎﻧـﺪن cham|ândin -chawsen ــــﻪوﺳــــﺎﻧــــﺪن v.i. to suffer; ~ândin ـﻪﻣــﻨـﻪوﻩ to bend, curve; ~înawa v.t. to torment; ~ândinawa ـــﻪوﺳــــــﻦ bend over, bow 174 SORANI–ENGLISH VOCABULARY ;torture, torment, tyranny wit pe hałdene she is envious of you ﻪوﺳﺎﻧﺪﻧﻪوﻩ well ~-hał-takândin v.t. to motion with ﺎ châ .tent the eye and eyebrow; ~-lek-nân v.t ﺎدر châdir good; ~-bûnawa to recover; to close the eyes; ~-qûchândin v.t. to ـــــﺎک châk ~-kirdin to make good, fix, restore; close the eyes; ~-spî-kirdin v.t. to ~a good deed; la ~a darchûn to re- make someone weep (over a death): pay a kindness: tâ mâwim la châkat châwit spî da-kam “you’ll be sorry darnâchim as long as I live I’ll never when I’m dead”; bar~ kawtin to be be able to repay your kindness; ~kir- seen, spotted: pařèk i jwân’î barchâw improvement kawt he spotted a beautiful feather; la ﺎکﺮدﻧﻪوﻩ dinawa jacket bar ~ bûn to be clear, obvious ﮐﻪﺗﻪ châkata spring ﺎوﻩ pit: har kas ~e bo khałkî hał- châwa ـــــــﺎڵ châł -~ ;expectant, waiting ــــــﺎوﻩڕێ kane, bo khoy te dakawe he who digs châwaře v.t. to wait for: ba ــﺎوﻩڕێ ــﺮدن a pit for another falls into it (“hoisted kirdin well je’m hesht ba be awaî châwaře i bâqî ﺎو on his own pitard”); ~âw nimble, quick; useful; i pârakám bikam I left him without ــــــــــــﺎﻻک châlâk effort, effectiveness waiting for my change ﺎﻻﰽ right; ~î v.t. to ـــﺎوﻩڕوان ـــﺮدن tobacco pouch; alarm clock châwařwân-kirdin ﺎﻤﻪ châłma v.t. to plant wait for ﻦ -chen ﺎﻧﺪن chândin expectation ﺎوﻩڕواﱏ print- châwařwânî ـﺎﭘــﺎﻧـﻪ printing; ~khâna ـﺎپ châp person with black ــﺎوﺑــﻪــﻪک ing house, publishing house; la ~ châwbałak drân v.p. to be printed eyes and white skin blindfold, deception ﺎوﺑﻪﺳﺖ châra châwbast = ﺎر châr miserly, stingy ﺎوﭼﯚک help- châwchinok ﺑـــﺎرﻩ ~help, remedy; be ـﺎرﻩ châra evil eye ﺎوﲎ less; ~-kirdin v.t. to remedy; ~sar châwenî view, scenery ﺎوﮔﻪ remedy; ~sar-kirdin v.t. to châwga ــــﺎرﻩﺳــــﻪر eyeglasses ﺎوﯾﻠﮑﻪ remedy châwîlka expectant ﺎوﺑﻪر quarter: ~ saâtèk a quarter châwlabar ـﺎرﻩک chârak hopeful ﺎودوا of an hour châwladwâ interview ﺎوﭘﮑﻪوﻦ chârok châwpekawtin = ﺎرﻩﮐﻪ châraka impudent, bold ﺎوﻗﺎﱘ fate châwqâyim ﺎرﻩﻧﻮوس châranûs -good news, congratu ـﺎورووﱏ woman’s shawl châwrûnî ﺎرۆک chârok eye; expectation; ~ garm kir- lations ـــﺎو châw pessimist ﺎورﮏ din v.t. to take a nap; ~ kawtin ba v.i. châwtârîk -~ ;a lesson learned ـﺎوـﺮﺳــﻦ to see: châwim pey dakawt I used to châwtirsen see him; ~ sûr-kirdinawa la v.t. to kirdin v.t. to teach a lesson watchman ﺎور glare at: kârakar châw’î le sûr kirdi- châwyâr teahouse ﺎﳜﺎﻧﻪ tea; ~khâna ﺎی mawa the servant glared at me; ~- chây ,v.t. to fix, make ﭼــــــ ــــــﺮدن biřîn la v.t. to be hopeful of; ~- che-kirdin gařândin v.t. to look around; ~-geřân build for har chièk) every) ﻫـﻪر ﭼــﮏ châw-gařândin; ~-hał-hâtin la v.i. chek, har = to approve of: châwim hałnâye la kâr thing pres. stem of chândin ﻦ -i wâ nâhaq I don’t approve of such a chen lunch ﺸﺖ dishonest thing; ~-hał-henân ba v.t. chesht pres. stem of chishtin ﮋ -to envy, afflict with the evil eye: châ- chezh 175 SORANI KURDISH v.t. to ﭼـﺮﭘــﻦ -chirpen ﭼـﺮﭘـﺎﻧـﺪن what? (interrogative pronoun); chirpândin چ (chi (1 (2) that which (relative pronoun); (3) whisper ﭼـــ ﺗﺮـــﻪﭼـــﺮت ~noise, sound; ~a ﭼـــﺮت thing: chiyân nâbe they have noth- chirt ing; bo awaî ~ (+ subj.) in order that; commotion, uproar eke October; ~didwâ~ :ﭼـــــــــــــﺮ chi…chi whether…or: chi râst u chi chiryâ diro whether right or wrong November ,v.t. to taste ــــﮋ -chezh ﭼــﺸــﱳ v.i. to drip; to dry up (of a chishtin ﭼـــــﲀن chikân v.t. to experience ﭼــــﲀﻧــــﻪوﻩ well or spring); ~awa (thing (= shit ﭼﺖ thicken (of liquids) chit ?how ﭼﯚ forty chito ﻞ chil chi = ﭼﯽ chił branch, stalk chî generation; wrinkle; China; ~î ــــﲔ v.i.: dâ-~ chîn ــﻪﮐـ -chiłake ــﻪﰷن chiłakân Chinese ﭼﲎ .to be shocked; dâ-~din chiłaken- v.t v.i. to snarl ﺑﻮوﻧﻪوﻩ to shock; râ-~ v.i. to be shocked chîř-bûnawa ــــــۆــــــﻮان story; ~vân ــــــۆک dirty, unclean; dark (cloud) chîřok ﮑﻦ chiłkin how: estâ dazânî rûdâwaká storyteller ــﻠــﯚن chilon hîch i tir): … nabe ~ niya =) ﭼــﱰ chilon bûwa now you know how the chîtir event was is nothing but … knee; ~ dâ-dân v.t. to kneel ﭼـــــﯚک spoon chok ﻪ chimcha v.t. to down ﭼــــــﻦ -chinen ﭼــــﺎﻧــﺪن chinândin desert, wilderness; ~-kirdin ﭼــــــــﯚڵ mend, patch choł (claw, talon v.t. to desert, vacate a place; ~awân(î ﭼﮓ ching ﭼـﯚـﭙـﻪرﺳـﺖ wilderness; ~parist ﭼـﯚـﻪواﱏ fork ﭼﮕﺎڵ chingâł v.t. to weave; to reap; to nomad, desert dweller ﭼــــــــــــﲔ chinîn sparrow ﭼﯚﻪﮐﻪ pick (fruit); to pile up; hał-~ v.t. to chołaka river ﭼﯚم pile up; tang ~ ba to hold tight; to chom ;?how?: chonî how are you ﭼــــــــﯚن squeeze tightly; to squeeze the life of chon out s.th. what sort of: wara bitbînim chon pyâ- whispering wèkî come let me see what kind of ﭼﻪ و ﴎﺗﻪ chipa u sirta :somehow ﭼـــﯚﻧــــــﮏ chirpândin man you are; ~èk = ﭼﺎﻧﺪن chipândin dense (forest): dâristânèk i ~ har chonèk be somehow or other; ~etî ﭼـ (chiř (1 ,manner ﭼـﯚﻧـﻴـﻪﰏ iyatî; ~iyatî~ = ﭼـﯚﻧــﱴ ~ :a dense forest; (2) firm, unyielding darpeya he’s standing firm; (3) steep: (+ inf.) how to: shaw u rozh la marâq shâkhèk i ~ a steep mountain; (4) i chonetî i daskawtin i am kich i shâ i song: ~e bichira sing a song; ~-dân parîâná’dâ bû day and night he was to tie tight: ~î da bâ nakire-tawa tie it wondering how to get hold of this tight so it won’t come loose; ~ u daughter of the king of the peris; ~ka because, since ﭼﯚﮑﻪ châw face: ~ u châwit bisho wash beet ﭼﯚﻧﻪر your face chonar ;v.i. to sizzle ﭼــﯚ -choqe ﭼــﯚﻗــﺎن lamp choqân ﭼﺮا chirâ ﭼـﯚﻗــﻦ -choqen ﭼـﯚﻗـﺎﻧـﺪن v.t. to rip, to tremble; ~din ﭼــﻦ -chiřen ﭼـاﻧـﺪن chiřândin tear; to call out to someone v.t. to heat oil to the sizzling point; to wrinkle: ~ hałhâtûa it’s all tremble ﭼـــــﺮچ chirch ﭼــــﯚڕاﻧــــﻪوﻩ drop, drip; ~ânawa ﭼــــﯚڕ wrinkled choř v.i. to drip, to fall in ﭼـــــــــــﯚڕێ -v.t. to sing choře ﭼﻦ chiřîn 176 SORANI–ENGLISH VOCABULARY she-bear دﻩﻪ ورچ trickle of blood wirch ﭼﯚڕاوﮔﻪ drops; ~âwga exaggeration دﻩﺳﻪ abacus dalasa ﭼﯚرﮑﻪ chortka shelf, trap door دﻩﻻﻗﻪ chûwatà. See chûn. dalâqa = ﭼﯚﺗﻪ chotà reason, reasoning دﻩﻟﻴﻞ fishing rod dalîl ﭼﻮﮐﻪﻗﻮﻻپ chukłaqulâp ,moment; ba ~ …awa while دﻩم chónka dam1 = ﭼﻮﮑﻪ chúnka -nap; ~-dân v.t. to take a nap during: ba ~ pekanînawa while laugh ﭼﻮرت churt ,pinnacle of a mountain; ing; ~e at once; ~èk-a/bû for a while ﭼـــــــــــﻮوک chûk foreskin; small, small amount: ~a zor damèk a/bû for a long time ;mouth; ~-kirdin v.t. to speak دﻩم tawizhmèk a little pressure; boundary dam2 .ch- v.i. to go; ~ ba to pass ~ kut-kirdin v.t. to silence, cut s.o ﭼــــــــﻮون chûn (of time): baynèk’î pe chû some time off; ba ~awa girtin v.t. to mention, passed (for him/her); min darom— speak of; la ~awa dâ-nân v.t. to give chand rozhèk’im pe dache I’m go- birth to; la ~ dân v.t. to embarrass; verbal quarrel; ~ataqe دﻩﻣـﻪﻗـﺎـ ing—I’ll be gone for a few days; ~ la ~aqâłe ;dialogue, conversation دﻩﻣـــــــــﻪﺗـــــــــﻪ to look like: har la kuř a pâshâ’yân ;eloquent, well-spoken دﻩﻣــﺎراو dache he looks just like a prince to ~pârâw دﻩ verbal quarrel; ~tang دﻩﻣـــﻘـــێ them; dar-~ to turn out, come out; to ~qiře narrow-necked; ba sar ~’dâ ﻣــــــﻪـــﮓ ;run off/away; te hał-~ to get started ~à darawa to go out(side) face down; la bar~ i …(’dâ) in front chonka of, before = ﭼﻮوﮑﻪ chûnka دﻩم power; ~-u-dazgâ i dawłatî دﻩم straight line; circle; line, dam3 ﭼـــــــــــــﻮوز chûz -state apparatus, govern و دﻩزﮔـﺎى دﻩوـﻪﰏ queue دﻩم و دوو stinger (insect) ment administration; ~-u-dû ﭼﻮوزﻩ chûza v.i. to power of expression; cleverness ﭼـــــــﻮوزێ -chûze ﭼـــــــﻮوزان chûzân baggy Kurdish دﻩﻣــﻪــﻘــﯚﭘــﺎن burn, sting (as sun-burned skin) damałqopân fourth; trousers ﭼــــــﻮارﻩم four; ~am ﭼــــــﻮار chwâr -vein, root: am bardá, da دﻩﻣـــــــﺎر crosslegged; ~pal damâr ﭼـﻮارﻣـﻪﺷـﻘـﯽ mashqî~ mârî la khâk’dâ ya this rock is firmly ﭼـﻮارﺷـﻪﳑـﻪ quadruped; ~shamma ﭼـﻮارﭘـﻪل broad- rooted in the ground ﭼـــﻮارﺷـــﺎﻧـــﻪ Wednesday; ~shâna otherwise, if not دﻩ shouldered danâ .sound, voice; vote; ~-dân v.t دﻩـﮓ mountain dang ﭼﺎ chyâ to vote; ~-dânawa v.t. to reverberate, ~noise, outcry; be دﻩـﮕـﻪدﻩـﮓ ~particle occurring with imperative echo; ~a دﻩ da1 silence ﺑﺪﻩﮕﯽ silent; be~î ﺑﺪﻩﮓ prep., with pre- or postposed) دﻩ da2 bird’s beak دﻩﻧﻮوک pronominal encl., te) in, into, on danûk minute دﻩﻗﻘﻪ tenth daqîqa دﻩﻫﻪم ten; ~ham دﻩ da3 out; ba ~awa out, outside; ~è دﻩر habitual and progressive verbal dar دﻩ -da outside; hâtinà ~e v.i. to come دﻩرێ prefix steel out, turn out دﻩن dabân ,cmpd. vb. agent, see dar-birîn دﻩر -pot dar دﻩﻓﺮ dafr -~ ;expletive of amazement dar-chûn, dar-henân, dar-kawtin دﻩک dak one taken under protection; kirdin v.t. to put out دﻩﺧــﻞ dakhîl feudal دﻩرﻩﺑـــــــــﻪگ valley; ~bag دﻩرﻩ please, I beg you dara دﻩﺧﻠﱲ itim~ -feudal, feudal pe دﻩرﻩﺑــﻪﮔــﯽ the female of many animals, lord; ~bagî دﻩڵ dał she-demon; ~a- riod دﻩــــﻪدــــﻮ she-; ~adew 177 SORANI KURDISH dastbaje = دﻩﺳﺒﻪﺟ rank, degree dasbaje دﻩرﻩﻪ daraja دﻩﺷــــﺘــﻪﰽ desert, plain; ~akî دﻩﺷــﺖ estranged, foreigner, stran- dasht دﻩرﻩﰽ darakî ger; bûn ba ~ to be “out in the cold” villager -hand, arm (verbal expres دﻩﺳـــــــــﺖ income dast دﻩراﻣﻪت darâmat ;homeless; ~î homel- sions involving dast are given below دﻩرﺑــــــﻪدﻩر darbadar essness for all other compounds, see alphabet- -about, concerning ically); ba ~ henân v.t. to get, ac دﻩررﻩی darbâra i delivered, saved quire; ba ~ gayshtin v.i. to come to ﺑﻪرز darbâz -confession, plain speak- hand, to be received; ~ ba âw gayân ﺑـﻪرـ ـﻦ darbiřîn ing din v.t. to go to the bath-room; ~ bar- to dân la to cease: dastî la kâr bardâ he دﻩرﭼــﻮون ﻗــﺴــﻪی … dar-chûn la qsa i disobey stopped working; ~ biłind-kirdin v.t. pain, trouble; ~-dân ba to give to resist; ~-birdin bo v.t. to fiddle دﻩرد dard trouble to: dardèkî pe dâyn it gave us with, to stretch out the hand for; ~- bizâw-tin v.t. to poke, push; ~ bo دﻩردی ﺳـــــــــﻪر some trouble; dard i sar headache, trouble dam meager existence, hand-to- -dar-henân mouth; ~-dânà …awa v.t. to under = دﻩرﻨﺎن darenân opportunity take, carry out: dastim dâyà payjoîèk i دﻩرﻓﻪت darfat -door; la ~ drân for a knock zortir-awa I carried out more re دﻩرﮔـــــﺎ dargâ to come at a door: la dargâ dadre search; ~drezhî kirdinà sar v.t. to there comes a knock at the door rape, violate; ~ hał-girtin la v.t. to with regard to quit, leave alone: dastim le hałgrin دﻩرﻫﻪق darhaq ,door leave me alone; ~-kawtin v.i. to get دﻩرک dark ;worthy of acquire; ~-kirdin ba v.t. to reach for دﻩرﺧﻮاردی darkhwârd i medicine, remedy; gun- to start (+ inf): dastî kird ba pekanîn دﻩرﻣـــــﺎن darmân pharmacy; ~ he started laughing; ~-kirdinà … to دﻩرﻣـﺎﳔـﺎﻧـﻪ powder; ~khâna knock-out put one’s hand/arm on/around: dastî دﻩرﻣــــﺎﱏ ﺑــــــــﻬــــﯚﳽ i behoshî drops, sleeping potion kirdà mil i bâwikî he put his arm See pařândin. around his father’s neck; ~ la pisht .دﻩرﭘﻪڕاﻧﺪن dar-pařândin -See pařen- dân v.t. to pat on the back, to en .دﻩرﭘــﻪڕــﻨــﺪران dar-pařendrân drân. courage; ~ pân-kirdinawa v.t. to beg; underwear, ~ pe-kirdin (+ inf.) to begin, start دﻩرﭘـــــﯽ darpî ,دﻩرﭘـــــ darpe drawers (do-ing): khwendin i khoy dast pe-kird .lesson; ~-dân v.t. to teach; ~- he began studying; ~ pewa girtin v.t دﻩرس dars khwendin v.t. to study to save, be frugal; ~-nân ba rû…awa .narrow valley; ~yek-girtin la to turn someone away; ~-parzhân v.i دﻩرو daru v.t. to put someone in a tight spot to have an opportunity: dastit dapar- interior, inside zhe kâre-kim bo bikay? do you have دﻩروون darûn ?dervish; ~î of or per- the time to do something for me دﻩروــــــــﺶ darwesh taining to dervishes: jil u barg i dar- dastim nâparzhe I don’t have the weshî dervish costume time, I can’t get to it; ~-qutân to ;crack grope; ~-qûchândin v.t. to be stingy دﻩرز darz1 dars ~ tekał-kirdin lagał to have carnal = دﻩرز darz2 .for all words beginning with relations with; ~ u dił yekî-girtin v.t دﻩس -das das-, see under dast to be at ease, have peace of mind: 178 SORANI–ENGLISH VOCABULARY untouched دﻩﺳﻪﺧﻮردﻩ khałk îtir dast u dił’yân yekî nadagirt dastnakhurda manuscript دﻩﺳﻮوس the people no longer had any peace of dastnûs ablutions; ~-girtin دﻩﺳــــــﻮــﮋ mind; ~-washândin v.t. to wave; la dastnwezh bar ~ i …dâ in front of, in the pres- v.t. to make ablutions (for prayer) masturbation دﻩﺳﻪڕ ence of, with dastpař rich دﻩﺳﺘ for dawast- (see wastân) dastpiř دﻩﺳﺖ -dast poor دﻩﺳﻪﮓ bunch, group, set; ~-u- dasttang دﻩﺳــــــــــﺘـــــﻪ dasta physical prowess دﻩﺳﺘﻮدوو retinue dast-u-dû دﻩﺳﺘﻪ و داﯾﻪرﻩ dâyara constitution دﻩﺳﺘﻮور guarantor dastûr دﻩﺳﺘﻪﺑﻪر dastabar empty-handed دﻩﺳﺘﻮا authority; ~dâr au- dastwâłâ دﻩﺳــــــﺘـــﻪت dastałât bush دﻩوﻩن thority, one in authority; be~î lack of dawan -medicine; ~ u darmân medi دﻩوا authority dawâ tame cation and remedy دﻩﺳﺘﻪﻣﯚ dastamo -v.t. to last, en دﻩوام ـــــﺮدن handkerchief dawâm-kirdin دﻩﺳﺘﻪﺳ dastasiř grieving, be- dure دﻩﺳــــﺘــﻪوﺋــﻪ ﻧژــﯚ dastaw-azhno nomadic tent; tent material دﻩوار reaved dawâr drum دﻩول glove dawl دﻩﺳﺘﻪواﻧﻪ dastawâna rich دﻩوﻪﻣﻪﻧﺪ nearby, next to dawłamand دﻩﺳــــﺘــﺎﻧــﺪﻩﺳــﺖ dastândast دﻩوـــــﻪﰏ wealth; state; ~î دﻩوـــــﻪت one another: gund i ema u gund i ewa dawłat ~in your village and ours are next to state (adj.), governmental era, time; ~bar gařân to go دﻩور each other dawr bathroom, toilet around, about; ~-geřân v.t. to turn دﻩﺳﺘﺎو dastâw from hand to circles; ~ u pisht i around (prep.); ba دﻩﺳــــﺘــﺎودﻩﺳــﺖ dastâwdast hand, from one person to another ~ …dâ around (prep.) -circle; ~-dân v.t. to sur دﻩورﻩ pretext; gift dawra دﻩﺳﺘﺎوﺰ dastâwez immediately, at once round: dawra’yân dâbû they had him دﻩﺳﻪﺟ dastbaje under surveil- surrounded دﻩﺳـــــــــﻪرﺳـــﻪر dastbarsar era, epoch; a long period دﻩوران lance; under guard dawrân hands tied, incapa- of time; circuit, circle; ~-kirdin ba دﻩﺳـــﻪﺳــﺘـﻪ dastbasta ble, unable, total surrender v.t. to take a turn on (a horse) plate دﻩوری idle dawrî دﻩﺳﻪڵ dastbatâł hey, c’mon, look here دﻩی spendthrift day دﻩﺳو dastbiłâw dast: ~baje immediately, at = دﻩز one who fools or plays a daz دﻩﺳــــﺘــ dastbiř apparatus; ~gîrân دﻩزﮔـــــــــــــﺎ trick once; ~gâ fiancé دﻩزﮔﲑان ,aggressive, usurper دﻩﺳــﺘـﺪرـﮋ dastdrezh thread دﻩزو influential dazu -compound verbal prefix, for dâ دا -v.i. to be ac- dâ دﻩﺳــــﺘــﮕــﺮ ﺑــﻮون dastgir-bûn quired: hîchyân das(t)gîr nâbe they kirdin only see alphabetically below; acquire nothing, they wind up with for other compound verbs see under nothing the verbal element: dâ-bazîn, dâ-dân, -wage dâ-diřîn, dâ-gîrân, dâ-hâtin, dâ دﻩﺳﳤﻪق dasthaq -handle, grip; bunch kanin, dâ-khistin, dâ-nawândin, dâ دﻩﺳﺘﮏ dastik -v.p. to be nân, dâ-nîshtin, dâ-mazrândin, dâ دﻩﺳــــﺘــﲀری ــﺮان dastkârî-kiran tampered with rinân, dâ-rizân, dâ-rizhândin postposition with the preposition) دا handwriting ’dâ دﻩﺳﺘﻪت dastkhat 179 SORANI KURDISH la) in, at: l’ewa’dâ there, in that place; to rest, prop (s.th.) on …: ânîshk i l’ aw sa‘âtá’dâ at that time; (’dâ con- râstî dâdâyà sar mezaká he propped tracts to ’á, particularly after nasals) his right elbow on the table; hał-~ (1) la dił i khom’â witim I said to myself to cast up, hurl up; (2) to blossom: -portion, division; ~- shînâwar-dakát hałî dâwa your gar دادﻩش dâbash kirdin v.t. to divide; ~-krânà sar v.p. den has blossomed; hał-~ la sar to intervene on behalf of; hał-~ la to داﺑـﻪ to be divided into; ~udâbir-kirdin v.t. to divide and slice up start (to speak): la jwâbâ hałî dâ he شودا ﺮدن :v.t. to assemble, started to answer; hał-~awa to raise داﺑـــﲔ ـــﺮدن dâbîn-kirdin arrange panjaraká hałdawa raise the sash; le- justice; ~-dân v.t. to give justice; ~ to hit, strike; to throb: diłim ledadâ داد dâd to be just; to work out for: aw dâdî my heart is throbbing; to play (instru- nadâyn it didn’t work out for us ment): zuřnâ-kay zor khosh ledadâ he court: ~ i harabarz supreme played the flute very well; see also دادﮔــﻪ dâdga court alphabetically under le-dân -grain, seed: ganimakám ~’î na دان searing hot, scar; grief; ~- dân2 داغ dâgh kirdin v.t. to sear, brand, scar girtûa my wheat has not set seed; ~ -inclusive of, comprising ba kho …’dâ girtin v.t. to have pa دﮔﺮی dâgir i v.t. to occupy, tience, endure; ~-nahenân ba v.t. to دﮔـــــﲑ ـــــﺮدن dâgîr-kirdin usurp, take by force, oppress; ~kar place no value in: kâwrâ dân ba minâ oppressor, oppressive nâhene the man places no value in me دﮔﲑﮐﻪر (tooth (= didân دان in grief dân3 داﺎن grief; la ~ân داخ dâkh inhabitant داﻧﺸﺘﻮو application dânîshtû داﺧﻮازﯾﻨﺎﻣﻪ dâkhwâzînâma grandmother داﭘﲑ v.t. (1) to start raining: dâpîr دا ـــﺮدن dâ-kirdin ;tree, wood; staff, rod, stick دار bârân dây kird it started raining; (2) dâr to put animals in a stable: ḥaywânakâ- ~kârî-kirdin v.t. to beat with a stick; nim dâ kird I stabled the animals; (3) khistinà zher ~ u falâqawa v.t. to put ;bier دارﻩﺗــــﻪرم to pour grain in a bin: ganimaká’m to the bastinado; ~atarm داردﻩس structure; ~das دارﻩوار dâkird I poured the grain (into the ~awâr -for دارﺳــﺘـﺎن bin) walking stick, staff; ~istân ;made of wood, wooden دارــــﻦ an opened seed pod est; ~în داڵ dâł carpenter دارش apparatus, ~tâsh دام و دﻩزﮔـــﺎ u dazgâ ~ :دام dâm molder, formulator دارﮋﻩر power, authority dârezhar v.t. to hurl (from ﻫـﻪـﺪاﺷـﱳ ~-tribulation dâshtin: hał داﻣﺎوی dâmâwî (skirt; ~-girtin v.t. to beset: a height داﻣــــﻦ dâmen trap; ~ dâ-khistin v.t. to set a داو am bałâya dâmenî girtûm I am beset dâw trap دﻩﺳــــــــــــــﱲ by this disaster; dastim ~it judge; ~î judging داوﻩر I beg you dâwar داﻣﻨﺖ demand; ~-kirdin la v.t. to ask داوا v.t., impt. sing. bídara, dâwâ) دﻩ -da دان dân1 of, demand of (دران pass. dirân ;دﻩ in compounds, da -in داوـــﰽ dâmen; ~pâkî = داوـﻦ to give, pay; ba …awa ~ to bite, dâwen sting: mâr gutî petawa dadam “I’ll nocence, purity volunteer داوﺧﻮاز bite you,” the snake said; mâr pewa’y dâwkhwâz داﯾـــﻪﭘـــﲑﻩ mother; nurse; ~pîra داﯾـــﻪ dâwin they’ve been bitten by a snake; dâya dâ-~ to sharpen (pencil); dâ-~à sar … grandmother 180 SORANI–ENGLISH VOCABULARY ;v.p. passive of dân درێ -dre دران office dirân داﯾﻪرﻩ dâyara mother; la ~ bûn v.i. to be la dargâ ~ for a knock to come at a داــــــﮏ dâyik born door see diřrân دڕان village diřân دێ de dirhem دراو pres. indicative stem of hâtin dirâw دێ -de -~ ;shortcoming درــــﻐــــﯽ، درــــﻎ (daheł-. See heshtin. diregh(î = د -deł dahen-. See henân. kirdin v.t. to be inadequate = دﻦ -den demon درﱋ line dirinj د deř v.t. to rip; dâ-~ to rip دڕ -diř دڕـــــﻦ ancient, old: aw nâwcha diřîn دــــــﺮــــــﻦ derîn shwenawârî a derînâná i Kurdistân (cloth) thorn دڕک the ancient monumental regions of diřik savage, bestial دڕﻧﺪﻩ Kurdistan diřinda v.t. to درﮐــــــﻦ -dirken درﰷﻧـــﺪن demon dirkândin دﻮ dew -tooth confess; to pronounce; disclose, re ددان didân (.heart, interior: la dił i khom’â veal (secret, &c دڵ dił dro = درۆ witim I said to myself; ~-râgirtin to diro v.p. to be ripped دڕان make happy; ~-shikândin v.t. to diřrân .right, correct; ~-kirdin v.t دروﺳـﺖ break the heart: diłmân mashikena dirust don’t break our hearts; ba ~ i kho to to make, build, construct ;v.t. to stitch, sew دروو -dirû دروون dirûn دـــﺒـــﻪﻧـــﺪی one’s heart’s desire; ~band i sweetheart; hał-~ to seam together دـــــــﺪار interested in; ~dâr v.i.: hał-~ to be stitched دروان disheartened, heavy- dirwân دـــــﮕـــــﺮان girân~ contented; ~nyâ together دـﻨـﻪرم hearted; ~narm reaping with sickle دروﻨﻪ sad; dirwena دــــــﺮ la convinced of; ~pir دـــﻨـــﻴـــﺎ crack; ~ i darwâza opening درز cold-hearted; ~sâda dirz دـﺮﻩق angry; ~raq broken- between two double doors دــﺸــﲀو naïve; ~shikâw دــﺴــﺎدﻩ thief; ~î thievery, stealth; ba ~a دز sympathetic; diz دـــــــﺴـــــــﯚز hearted; ~soz sad, lonely; ~tangî stealthily; ba ~ i unbeknownst to دـــــﺘـــــﻪـــــﮓ tang~ -against, vis-à دژ ﺑــــﻪ dizh ba , دژی dizh i دـﺘـﻪڕ sadness, loneliness; ~tař دـﺘـﻪـﮕـﯽ tragedy, vis: gawra-pyâwân i gund dizh i am دـــﺘـــﻪزـــﻦ glad, happy; ~tazen calamity qsâná râdawastân the old men of the ;drop; ~ a khwenèk a drop of village took a stance against this talk دــﯚپ diłop blood farmân’î ba kuřakáy dâ dizh i duzh- scorpion min shař bikâ he ordered his son to دﻣﺎرﻩﮐﯚڵ dimârakoł tooth fight against the enemy دن dinân sight; ba ~ henân v.t. to bring دی world, weather: dinyâ zistân dî1 دﻧـــﻴـــﺎ dinyâ world- about, produce; ba ~ kirdin v.t. to دﻧـﻴـﺎدﯾـﱳ bû it was winter; ~dîtin ly experience notice, to discern; to see, to spy: hîch i for words beginning with dir-, wâ’m tyâ ba dî nakird I didn’t notice) در -dir see also dr-) anything like that wrong with him; pres. stem of dirîn; see also dr- hâtinà ~ to come about, to happen دڕ -diř other; again: bo chandân jâr i dî دی tree dî2 درﻩﺧﺖ dirakht late; ~-bûn v.i. to be late several other times درﻩﮓ dirang interview, meeting دﯾﺪار v.i. to shine dîdâr درﻩوﺷﺎن (dirawshân(awa ,adj.) other; (adv.) any more) دـــﮑـــﻪ lesson, study dîka دراﺳﻪ dirâsa 181 SORANI KURDISH prayer for well-being دوﺎی ﺮ further button; ~ dâ-khistin to دوﮔـــــﻤـــــﻪ prisoner; ba ~ girtin v.t. to take dugma دﯾـــــﻞ dîl prisoner button: ~ i châkatay dâ-khist he but- interpretor toned his jacket دﯾﻠﲈﱋ dîlmânj shop; ~dâr دوﮐـــﲀن dukkân ,دوﰷن aspect, mien dukân دﳝﻪن dîman shopkeeper دوﰷﻧﺪار demography دﳝﻮﮔﺮاﻓﺎ dîmugrâfyâ summit, top of mountain دوﻧﺪ democratic dund دﳝﻮﺮات dîmukrât dinyâ = دوﻧﻴﺎ v.t. to see dunyâ ﺑﲔ -bîn دﻦ dîn middle; large pearl دوڕ legend duř دۆک dîřok dwân = دوان again, once more duwân دﺴﺎن dîsân دوژﻣــــﺎﯾــﻪت enemy; ~âyat دوژﻣــﻦ duzhmin دﯾـــﻪوﻩ v.t. to see; ~awa ﺑـﲔ -bîn دﯾـﱳ dîtin to find enmity second; ~barakî دووﻩم two; ~am دوو side dû دﯾﻮ dîw ,again دوورﻩ enmity; ~bâra دووﺑــــــﻪرﻩﰽ living room دﯾﻮﻩﺎﻧﻪ dîwakhâna ,hesitant دوودڵ assembly hall, court once more; ~dił دﯾﻮان dîwân distrustful دوودڵ wall hesitating; ~dił la دﯾﻮار dîwâr -sec دووﻫــــــــﻪم yoghurt and water beverage of, suspicious of; ~ham دۆ do Monday دووﺷﻪﳑﻪ du‘â ond; ~shamma = دۆﺎ do‘â smokeدوﮐﻪڵ valley dûkał دۆڵ doł the two of them, both of دووــﻴــﺎن v.t. to lose dûkyân دۆڕﻦ -dořen دۆڕاﻧﺪن dořândin v.i. to be at a them دۆش داﻣـــــــــﺎن dosh dâ-mân statement; ~-kirdinawa دووﭘـــــــﺎت loss for words dûpât grape molasses v.t. to make a statement دۆﺷﺎو doshâw scorpion دووﺸﮏ friendly; dûpishk دۆﺳــﺘـﺎﻧـﻪ friend; ~âna دۆﺳـﺖ dost far; la ~awa from afar; ~bîn دوور friendship dûr دۆﺳﺘﺎﯾﻪﰏ âyatî~ telescope, camera دوورﺑﲔ v.t. to search for; to دۆز -doz دۆزــﻦ dozîn dirwân = دوور -dûr دووران to find, recover, dûrân دۆزﯾـــــﻨـــــﻪوﻩ find; ~awa v.t. to gather, harvest دوورﯾﻨﻪوﻩ discover dûrînawa v.p. to be دووررێ -dûrre دوورران for words beginning with dr-, dûrrân) در -dr see also dir-) sewn, stitched up duzhmin = دووژﻣﻦ tree dûzhmin درﻩﺧﺖ drakht :(last (precedes word it modifies دوا dirân dwâ = دران drân neighbor ~ sâł last year, ~ shaw last night; ~ i دراوﺳ drâwse ;(long; ~-bûn v.i. to stretch after (prep); ~ i awaî (ka) after (conj درـــــــــﮋ drezh ;future دوارۆژ last, final; ~rozh دواﰃ î~ درـﮋﻩ دان length; ~a-dân درـﮋاﰃ out; ~âî v.t. to continue ba ~ i …dâ nârdin to send for (s.o.); large la ~î’dâ ka after (conj); l’ am درﺷﺖ drisht lie; ~-kirdin v.t. to lie ~îâná’dâ recently درۆ dro ,la v.i. to speak of دوێ -dwe دوان sign, distinguishing mark dwân درۆﴌ droshm design; brightness, bril- talk about دروﴌ drushm v.t. to speak دوــﻦ -dwen دواﻧــﺪن liance dwândin dirust to, address: mamdwena! don’t speak = دروﺳﺖ drust dûham to me!; daydwândim he was speaking = دوﻩم duam prayer, supplication; ~-kirdin to me دوــــﺎ du‘â yesterday, last night دوﮑﻪ، دوێ (bo v.t. to pray for someone; ~ i kher dwe(ka 182 SORANI–ENGLISH VOCABULARY kindling ﺋﺰﮓ ezing دـــــﻮێ yesterday; ~ sháwe دﯾـــــﯚ dwene last night ﺷﻪوێ pride ﻓﻪﺧﺮ clear, obvious; ~-kirdin v.t. to fakhr در dyâr peasant, farmer ﻓﻪﻻ clarify; ba ~awa bûn v.i. to be visi- falâ -misery, difficulty, mis ﻓـــﻪﻻﮐـــﻪت ble, in view; ba ~î clearly, obviously; falâkat obvious fortune درﮑﺮاو îkirâw~ bastinado ﻓﻪﻻﻗﻪ present, gift falâqa دری dyârî student ﻓﻪ faqe poor; ~î poverty ﻓﻪﻗﲑ è1 variant of the indefinite suffix -èk faqîr- European ﻓﻪرﻩﮕﯽ è2 directional suffix occurring on cer- farangî- v.t. to make ﻓـﻪراﻫـﻪم ـﺮدن upwards, farâham-kirdin ژوورێ tain nouns like zhûrè home- available ﻣــﺎــ outwards, mâłè دﻩرێ darè France ﻓﻪراﺴﻪ wards, and as a variant of the direc- Farânsa abundant, large-scale ﻓﻪراوان tional enclitic à on verbs when the farâwân ﻓـﻪرﻫـﻪـﮓ culture; ~dost ﻓـﻪرﻫـﻪـﮓ complement of the directional is an farhang cultured, culture-loving; ~ok دۆﺳـــــــﺖ enclitic pronoun: náygamè I won’t glossary ﻓﻪرﻫﻪﮕﯚک reach it, shitèk’î dadâtè he’ll give him Farhad, a character in ﻓــــــﻪرﻫــــــﺎد something Farhâd Nizami’s poem who falls in love with ﺋــﺠـﮕـﺎری very, very much; ~î ﺋــﺠـﮕـﺎر ejgâr at all, ever: ~ nâydwenim I don’t ever Shirin order, command; ~ ba je ﻓــﻪرﻣــﺎن speak to him; all at once: ~ bârim farmân kird I got up and left henân v.t. to obey an order, to carry indefinite suffix: pyâwèk a man out an order; ~ i khwâ ba je henân to ﮏ èk- nation, tribe, people obey God’s command, to die; ~-dân ﺋﻞ el -offi ﻓـﻪرﻣـﺎﻧـﺒـﻪر we, us ba v.t. to command; ~bar ﺋﻤﻪ ema here, in this cial ﻟــﺮﻩ(دا) (here; l’~(dâ ﺋــﺮﻩ era ;order, command ﻓــــﻪرﻣــــﺎــــﺶ from here, hence farmâyish ﻟﺮﻩوﻩ place; l’~wa ﻓـﻪرﻣـﺎـﺸــﺘـﻪ t speech; ~t a mift~ ﻓـﻪرﻣـﺎـﺸـﺖ Iranian ﺋﺮاﱏ Iran; ~î ﺋﺮان Erân empty compliment ﻣﻔﺖ Iraqi اﰵ Iraq; ~î اق Eřâq‘ v.t. to ﻓـــﻪرﻣـــﻮو -farmû ﻓـــﻪرﻣـــﻮون jealousy; ~-birdin ba v.t. to farmûn ﺋــــﺮﻩﱙ erayî be jealous of: erayî’yân pe dabird command, to say (polite); (impt.) they were jealous of him please: farmû dânîsha please sit down calamity; sar i … dân ba ﻓـﻪرﻩت head- fatârat ﺳـﻪرـﺸـﻪ pain, ache; sar~a ﺋــﺶ esh ache ~’dâ to bring calamity down on … -fawte ﻓــﻪون loss, death; ~ân ﻓــﻪوت v.t. to keep fawt ﺋــــــﺸـــﮏ ﮔـــﺮـــﻦ eshik-girtin ;v.i. to cease to exist; to be lost ﻓــــــﻪو watch ﻓـﻪوﻧـﺪن esqân to be all in, exhausted; ~ândin = ﺋﺴﮏ esk v.t. to give up, to lose ﻓﻪوﺗﻦ -bone fawten ﺋﺴﻘﺎن esqân fax ﻓﺲ as of now, fâks ﻟــﺴــﺘـﺎوﻩ now; l’~wa ﺋــﺴــﺘـﺎ estâ v.t. to understand ﻓﺎم -fâm ﻓﺎﻣﲔ from now on fâmîn trick; ~-kirdin la v.t. to play a ﻓــــــــــ station feł ﺋﺴﺘﮕﻪ estga ﻓـــﻪ wily; ~bâzî ﻓـــﻪز mule trick on; ~abâz ﺋﺴﱰ estir trickery زی (you (pl ﺋﻮﻩ ewa cool ﻓﺮک evening: ~t bâsh good eve- fenik ﺋــــﻮارﻩ ewâra acquainted; ~-bûn v.i. to learn: la ﻓــﺮ ning fer 183 SORANI KURDISH kwe fer i kurdî bûy? where did you a lot of, much, many: ~ gařân they sociologist ﮔﻪﻟﻨﺎس learn Kurdish?; ~-kirdin v.t. to teach searched a lot; ~nâs space between the legs ﮔﻪڵ free, gratis; ba ~ for free, for gał ﻓــــــــۆ feřo -leaf: wakû gałâ i dâr as numer ﮔــﻪ nothing, for no reason; ba ~ dân v.t. gałâ to squander, waste: bakhtî ba feřo ous as leaves on a tree autumn; the month of ﮔـﻪرـﺰان dâwa he’s wasted his chance gałârezân (so-and-so, dummy name Scorpio (October 23–November 21 ﻓﻼن fiłân the month of Leo (July ﮔـــﻪوـــﺞ fiłe- gałâwej ﻓـــﻘـﺎن flat, squashed; ~ân ﻓـــﻖ fiłeq (v.i. to be mashed, squashed; 23–August 22 ﻓـــﻘـ -qe :space between a dog’s legs ﮔـــﻪـــﯚز v.t. to gałoz ﻓـــﻘــﻦ -fiłeqen ﻓـــﻘـﺎﻧـﺪن ândin~ mash, squash kilkî da gałozî girt (the dog) stuck its cup tail between its legs ﻓﺎن finjân throat ﮔﻪﻮو light, delicate; false gałû ﻓ fiř putrid, evil-smelling ﮔﻪن very, much gan ﻓﺮﻩ fira rotten tree ﮔﻪﻧﺪﻩڵ v.t. to throw away, toss, gandał ﻓـێ دان fiře-dân wheat ﮔﻪﱎ hurl ganim ﮔـﻪﻧـﲔ bad odor, rotten smell; ~n ﮔـﻪﱏ v.t. to make fly, to fly ganî ﻓـــــاﻧـــــﺪن fiř|ândin v.i. to fly v.i. to stink ﻓ -fiř ﻓﻦ away with; ~în treasure ﮔﻪﱋ tear; ~ hał-rishtin v.t. ganj1 ﻓــﺮﻣــــﺴــﮏ firmesk young ﮔﻪﱋ to shed tears ganj2 (.it is necessary (+ subj ﮔﻪرﻩک garak ﻓـۆﮐـﻪـﺎﻧـﻪ airplane; ~khâna ﻓـۆﮐـﻪ fiřoka -quarter (of town), neigh ﮔـــــــﻪڕﻩک airport gařak deception, trick borhood ﻓوﻓ fiřufeł -v.i. to turn, wan ﮔـﻪڕێ -gaře ﮔـﻪڕان v.i. to arrive at an gařân ﻓـﺮ ﮐـﻪوـﻦ firyâ-kawtin opportune moment; to come to some- der, search; ~ ba dwâ i to search for, one’s assistance look for; ~awa to return, come back; ,flabby, soft hał-~ to be changed, transformed ﻓﺶ fish -legal opinion, permission (with colors) to be …ish: sûrhałga ﻓﻮا fitwâ :snivveling řâw reddish; ~ la to quit, leave alone ﻓﻨﮕﻪ fînga wet lem gařen leave me alone; ~ la to ﻓﺲ fîs so-and-so, such-and-such look for: shitèkim gum kirdawa, ley ﻓﺴﺎر fîsâr car- dagařem I’m looking for something I ﻓــﺸـﻪﳇـﻎ cartridge; ~ligh ﻓــﺸـﻪک fîshak tridge belt lost; da sar ~ to get (s.th.) out of v.t. to whinny, neigh one’s head ﻓﺸﲀﻧﺪن fîshkândin dust ﮔﻪرد pride gard ﻓﲒ fîz whirlpool ﮔﻪرداو fire gardâw = ﻓﺮێ fre ;(neck (of an animal, bottle ﮔـﻪردن v.t. to sell gardin ﻓﺮۆش -frosh ﻓﺮۆﺷﱳ froshtin v.t. to ﮔـــــﻪردزاﰃ ـــــﺮدن v.t. to puff up, blow up ~âzâî-kirdin la ﻓــــــــﻮو دان fû-dân (balloon, e.g.) bid farewell to wanderer ﮔﻪڕﯾﺪﻩ gařîda heat: ~ i ﮔـــﻪرﻣـــﺎ warm, hot; ~â ﮔـــﻪرم joint: pâm la ~ chûwa I’ve garm ﮔـــــــــــــــــــﻪ ga warm ﮔـﻪرﻣــﻦ sprained my ankle nîwařo midday heat; ~en warmth ﮔﻪرﻣﯽ plaster region; ~î ﮔﻪچ gach neck, throat: wâ hast dakam ﮔــــﻪروو lagał garû = ﮔﻪڵ gał a lot, garûmî le piř bûwa I feel as though ﮔـﻪﻟـ flock, herd, people; ~è ﮔـﻪل gal 184 SORANI–ENGLISH VOCABULARY ,large stone ﮔــﺎﺷــﻪﺑــﻪرد bard~ ,ﮔــﺎﺷــﻪ my throat is full of it; ba ~ i …’dâ gâsha kirdin v.t. to put down s.o.’s throat, boulder ploughshare ﮔﺎﺳﻦ to feed to gâsin bite; gas; ~-girtin la v.t. to bite ﮔﺎز ring gâz ﮔﻪرزک garzik middle of the back, spine ﮔﺎزﻩرا fiery red; lush gâzarâ ﮔﻪش gash objection, criticism ﮔﺎزﻧﺪﻩ v.t. to sprout up, gâzinda ﮔـﻪﺷـﻪ ـﺮدن gasha-kirdin washerman, bleacher; ~-bûn ﮔـــــﺎزر grow up gâzir trip, tour to be bleached ﮔﻪﺷﺖ gasht quarrel, dispute ﮔﻪڵ v.t. to bite gechał ﮔﻪز -gaz ﮔﻪﺷﱳ gastin v.t. to turn; ~awa ﮔــــێ geře ﮔــــان v.i. to roll over geřân ﮔﻪﭬﺰان gavzân to relate, tell; war-~ to turn ﮔــــــــاﻧــــﻪوﻩ stable ﮔﻪوﻩڕ gawař wisp of cloud; gawâł-gawâł into, to translate; war-~à sar … to ﮔـﻪواڵ gawâł wispy translate into: am ktebáy wargeřâyà stupid sar fârsî he translated this book into ﮔﻪوج gawj Persian ﮔـــﻪورﻩﰃ large, big, great; ~î ﮔـــﻪورﻩ gawra :dizzy, spinning; ~-bûn to spin ﮔــــﮋ elder, dig- gezh ﮔــﻪورﻩﭘــﻴــﺎو greatness; ~pyâw nitary sarî gezh dabe his head will spin; ﮔــﮋاو whirlwind; ~âw ﮔــﮋﻩـﻮوﮐـﻪ gavzân ~ałûka = ﮔﻪوزان gawzân v.t. to whirlpool ﮔـــﻪﯾــــــﻦ -gayen ﮔـــﻪﻧـــﺪن gayândin make reach; kho-~à … to get oneself gh- (for most words beginning with gh-, to: khoy agayenetà nâw shâr he’ll get the Persianate spelling, see normal himself into town; lâwakân khoyân Kurdish spelling under kh-) v.t. to cheat ﻪدر ﺮدن gayândè the young men got thems- ghadir-kirdin la error, mistake ﻪﻪت elves there; râ-~ to make known, ghałat commotion ﻪﭙﻪﻪﭗ publicize ghałpaghałip stranger; ~î exile, being ــــﻪرﯾــــﺐ v.i. to arrive gharîb ﮔﻪ -ga ﮔﻪﯾﲔ gayîn ba v.i. to arrive; away from home ﮔــﻪ -ga ﮔــﻪﺷــﱳ gayshtin someone who knows ــــﻪﯾــــﱫان te-~ to understand; pe-~ to ripen, ma- ghaybzân ture, come of age hidden things, seer, mindreader ghazal, a Persianate poetic ـــﻪزﻩل yard (linear measure) ghazal ﮔﻪز gaz1 pres. stem of gastin form ﮔﻪز gaz-2 khazna = ﻪزﻧﻪ cow ghazna ﮔﺎ gâ v.t. to run ﺎر دان v.t. to stir up ghâr-dân ﮔﺎڵ دان gâł-dan small, little ﮔﮏ energetic labor; ~-kirdin ba to gichik ﮔــﺎــﻪ gâła word; promise; ~-dân ba v.t. to ﮔـﻔـﺖ work furiously at: chon dirwenayèk gift conversation ﮔﻔﺖوﮔﯚ har gâłay pe dakâ he’s working on it promise; ~ugo dirt, mud; birdinà bin ~ to take to ﮔـ fast and furiously gił club the grave ﮔﺎﯚک gâłok complaint; ~-kirdin la v.t. to ﮔــــــــــ joke; ~-kirdin ba v.t. to make gila ﮔـﺎـﺘـﻪ gâłta fun of: gâłtayân pe dakrâ they were complain of v.i. to be thrown: la asp gilâm ﮔـﻼن being made fun of, a joke was being gilân -jok- I was thrown from my horse; to stum ﺑــﻪﮔــﺎــﺘــﻪوﻩ played on them; ba ~wa ingly ble: aspakám gilâ my horse stumbled; ox, buffalo to move, shake, toss and turn; ~din ﮔﺎﻣﻮوش gâmûsh ,v.t. to throw, toss ﮔــﻠــــﻦ -gilen ﮔــﻼﻧــﺪن v.t. to fuck ﮔ -ge ﮔﺎن gân 185 SORANI KURDISH shake this up from the floor; take off: sar i pupil of the eye am sindûqá hałgira take the top off ﮔﻠﻨﻪ gilena -urine; ~-kirdin v.t. to urinate this box; pick out, select: l’ aw kaw ﮔﻤﺰ gimez flame; ~-girtin v.i. to be enflamed shâná jûtèkî hałgira pick out a pair of ﮔ giř giro those shoes; dastim le hałgrin leave = ﮔﺮﻩو giraw -heavy me alone; (2) to hold, keep: am pâra ﮔﺮان girân pile, yám bo hałgira keep this money for ﮔــﺮدۆــﮑــﻪ hill, knoll; ~ołka ﮔــﺮد gird stack of unthreshed grain me; (3) to allow: khwâ hałnâgire God -captive, prisoner; ~-bûn will not allow it; (4) to go out of con ﮔـــﺮﻓــــــﺎر giriftâr v.i. to be captured, taken prisoner; ~î trol: asp hałî girtim the horse ran occupation, anguish away with me; (5) to hold something important up: gâyaká pâshûy hałgirtûa the cow ﮔﺮﮓ giring ,assumption; ~-kirdin v.t. to as- has its leg lifted; râ-~ to protect ﮔــﺮی girî sume maintain; kho râ-~ to control oneself; boom, plop, sound of a large war-~ to take, take up ﮔـــــــﺮم girm v.i. to weep, cry ﮔﺮی -grî ﮔﺮن ditto giryân ﮔﺮموﻫﯚر body falling; ~ u hor رووﮔـﺮژ ~frowning; dejected; rû ﮔـﺮژ twisted, taut; ~-kirdin v.t. girzh ﮔـﺮﻣـﯚ girmola to twist and turn, contort with a frowning expression all; ~î public ﮔﺸﺖ rough, coarse gisht ﮔﱏ giřnî broom; ~-dân v.t. to sweep ﮔﺴﮏ bet; ~-birdinawa la v.t. to win gisk ﮔــــﺮۆ giro mussed, tangled (hair); ~-bûn ﮔــــــﮋ a bet or game) from, come out on top gizh1) of v.i. for the hair to stand on end; ba ~ ~ v.t. to take; to pinch: … hâtin to get entangled with; ba ﮔــﺮ -gir ﮔــﺮــﻦ girtin kawshakám pâm agire my shoes …dâ chûn to have to deal with; ~yân v.i. to be upset, to be mussed (of ﮔــﮋن pinch my feet; to hold, contain: am jawâła shash pût nâgire this sack the hair) ﮔـﮋوﮔـﻴـﺎ tree trunk; plant; ~-u-giyâ ﮔـﮋ won’t hold six pûts; ~ la to find fault gizh2 with, pick on: lem magira don’t pick vegetation anger ﮔﮋ on me; ~à bar to adopt; ~awa la to gizh3 hard, solid ﮔﮋ forbid: l’ aw kârânám girtotawa I gizh4 first rays of dawn ﮔﺰﮓ have forbidden those things; ~awa la gizing v.t. to answer (a ﮔــــــﲑا ــــــﺮدن to reduce, make less: kharjit zora— gîrâ-kirdin ley bigirawa you spend too much— prayer) v.p. to be taken ﮔـــــﲑێ -gîre ﮔـــــﲑان make it less; to catch (disease) from; gîrân ~awa to heal (broken bone): dast a (passive of girtin); kho’y pe (râ)~ to shikâwakát girtûyatawa your broken restrain oneself, control oneself: arm has healed; ba …awa girtin to kho’y pe nâgîre he can’t restrain him- cover oneself with, pull s.th. over self; dâ-gîrân v.p. to be occupied: o.s.: lefay pewa girt he covered him- wilât a dâgîrâwakân the occupied ter- self with a quilt; dâ-~ (1) to bring ritories; te-gîrân v.i. to tangle pocket ﮔﲑﻓﺎن down; (2) to drive crazy by talking: gîrfân infatuated ﮔﲑۆدﻩ wây dâgirtim ba qsa hoshim namâ he gîroda ,v.i. to stop ﮔـــﲑﺳـــ -gîrse ﮔـــﲑﺳـــﺎن drove me so crazy with his talking I gîrsân couldn’t think straight; hał-~ (1) to cease; ~awa to stop, halt; dâ-~ to be lift, pick up: ama la zawî hałgira pick lit, ignited 186 SORANI–ENGLISH VOCABULARY v.t.: dâ- place; hał-~ to lift, raise, draw up ﮔـﲑﺳــﻦ -gîrsen ﮔـﲑﺳـﺎﻧـﺪن gîrsândin -see gir ﮔﺮ -to light, ignite gr ~ ;knot; ~ le-dân v.t. to tie a knot ﮔـــﺮێ ball gre ﮔﯚ go ;celebration ~ shil-kirdin v.t. to untie a knot ﮔﯚﺑﻪﻧﺪ goband tangled knot ﮔﺮﮑﻮﺮ sulphur; match ~kwer ﮔﯚﮔﺮد gogird foot race ﮔﺮﻮﻩﺎر ear, hearing; ~dâr capable of grewaghâr ﮔـــــــــﯚﻩ goh leper; ~-bûn to get leprosy ﮔﻮل hearing: gwechka i gohdâr well- gul ;rose ﮔــﻮــﻪ ﺳــﻮور flower; ~ a sûr ﮔــﻮڵ attuned ear guł sunflower; ~âła ﮔــﻮــﻪﺑــﻪرۆژﻩ knotted; gurj ~abarozha ﮔـــﺮێ و ﮔـــﯚڵ ~ goł (1) gre u rosewater ﮔﻮو red tulip; ~âw ﮔﻮﻪ (nimble, quick; (2 ﮔـــــــﻮرج و ﮔـــــــﯚڵ ~ u bullet ﮔﻮ male dog, ~akar gulla ﮔـﯚـﻪﺳـﻪگ male: ~asag pressure, crumple; ~în ﮔـــــــﻮـــــــﯚف male donkey; (3) goal (soccer); gułof ﮔـﯚـﻪﮐـﻪر ﮔــﻮــﯚﻓــﱳ v.t. to crumple; ~tin ﮔــﻮــﯚﻓــﲔ kirdin la v.t. to score a goal against-~ ;v.t. to squeeze, crumple ﮔــﻮــﯚف -calf; pool, pond; stupid gułof ﮔﯚل gol anemone kho hał-~tin v.t. to hug oneself ﮔﯚﻪ gołâła ﮔـﻮﻣـا lost; ~-bûn to get lost; ~řâ ﮔـﻮم deep, stagnant water; indistinct; gum ﮔـﯚم gom lake, pond; ~âw deep pool lost, deviant doubt, hesitation; ~-birdin ﮔـﻮﻣـﺎن suspicion; ~-kirdin la v.t. gumân ﮔـــﯚﻣـــﺎن gomân to suspect v.t. to doubt; to have, possess: hîch tomato; shitè gumân nâbam I do not possess ﮔـﯚﻧـﻪﺳـﻮورﻩ cheek; ~asûra ﮔـﯚن gon ,(doubtless(ly ﺑــــﮕــﻮﻣــﺎن ~various, anything; be ﮔــﯚﮔــﯚن cheek; ~âgon ﮔــﯚ â~ of all sorts convinced dome ﮔﻮﻣﻪد bat, club gumbad ﮔﯚﭘﺎڵ gopâł testes ﮔﻮن like, manner gun ﮔﯚر gor ,sinner ﮔــــﻮر sin, pity; ~bâr ﮔــــﻮ level, plain (ground); hâtinà gunâ ﮔــﯚڕ (goř (1 ~è to come to the fore, be under dis- transgressor -vil ﮔـﻮﻧـﺪـﺸـﲔ village; ~nishîn ﮔـﻮﻧـﺪ gund ﮔـــﯚڕﺳــــــﺘـــﺎن cussion; (2) grave; ~istân cemetery lager, village-dwelling v.i. to fit, be ﮔــﻮﳒــ -gunje ﮔــﻮﳒــﺎن the Goran division of the gunjân ﮔـــــــــﯚران gorân Kurds; ~î Gorani; song fitting; dagunje biłeyn we may say, it v.t. to change; ~awa is appropriate for us to say ﮔـﯚڕ -goř ﮔـﯚڕـﻦ gořîn wolf; meeting ﮔﻮر ba to exchange for; kho ~ to disguise gur power; flame; threat; ~~ hâtinà ﮔـــﻮڕ change-producing guř ﮔﯚڕﯾﻨﻪر oneself; ~ar ,v.p. to change khwâre to pour down; ba~ powerful ﮔــﯚڕێ -gořre ﮔــﯚڕان gořrân (int.), be changed strong v.i. to have ﮔــــــﻮرێ -gure ﮔــــــﻮران v.t. to suckle a gur|ân ﮔـــــﯚش ـــــﺮدن gosh-kirdin .v.t ﮔــﻮراﻧــﺪن newborn one’s head cut off; ~ândin corner, angle to cut s.o.’s head off ﮔﯚﺷﻪ gosha ;v.i. to roar ﮔــــــﻮڕێ -guře ﮔــــــﻮڕان meat guř|ân ﮔﯚﺷﺖ gosht to ﮔـﻮڕـﻦ v.t. to roar; ~în ﮔـﻮڕاﻧـﺪن łe- v.t. to say ~ândin ﮔﯚﻦ gotin magazine, journal roar ﮔﯚﭬﺎر govâr wolf ﮔﻮرگ see nâz-u-goz) gurg) ﮔﯚز goz rope ﮔﻮرﺲ pot gurîs ﮔﯚزﻩ goza ﺑــــﻪ ﮔــــﻮر quick, soon; ba ~î ﮔــــﻮرج v.t. to keep; gurj ﮔـــــــﯚزێ -goze ﮔـــــــﯚزان gozân -nim ﮔـﻮرج و ﮔـﯚڵ to move from place to quickly, soon; ~ u goł ﮔــــﯚزاﻧــــﻪوﻩ awa~ 187 SORANI KURDISH pres. stem of gwâstin ﮔﻮﺰ -nimbly gwez ﺑﻪ ﮔﻮرج و ﮔﯚﯽ ble; ba ~ u gołî plant ﮔﻴﺎ v.t. to say (see witin): gyâ ــ -łe ﮔــﻮــﻦ gutin ;soul; (following name) dear ﮔـــﻴـــﺎن har b’ aw mabastaî ka gutmân just as gyân we said wa ~ kawtin to escape alive; ~- -lane, passage; area; ~-kir- keshân v.t. to work hard; ~-(a)spâr ﮔــــــﻮزﻩر guzar din ba …(dâ) v.t. to pass by; ~ândin din v.t. to give up the ghost, to die; ;animal, living creature ﮔـــﻴـــﺎﻧـــﺪار v.t. to ~dâr ﮔــــﻮزﻩرــــﻦ -guzaren ﮔــــﻮزﻩراﻧــــﺪن ;moment of death ﮔـﻴـﺎـﮑـﻪـﺸـﺖ spend, pass: hamû zhyân’î lagał ~kanisht alive, living ﮔﻴﺎﻧﺑﻪر mařdârî guzarândûa he has spent his ~labar entire life being a shepherd; zhyân-u- for there to be; haya there ﻫــﻪﺑــﻮون life habûn ژنوﮔﻮزﻩران ân~ excrement, shit is; habû there was; habe u nabe ﮔﻮو gû ”calf “come hell or high water ﮔﻮور gûr week ﻫﻪﻓﻪ hafta ﮔــﻮــﺰ (gwez-(awa ﮔــﻮاﺳــﱳ (gwâstin(awa seventy ﻫﻪﻓﺎ v.t. to move, to relocate; to take a haftâ weekly ﻫﻪﻓﺎﻧﻪ bride to the husband’s house haftâna saddle pack ﻫﻪﮔﺒﻪ as if, as though, you’d say hagba ﮔﻮاﯾﻪ gwâya story, tale; ~khwân ـــــﻪﰷﯾـــــﻪت v.t. to move; = ḥakâyat ﮔـــــــﻮازـــــــﻦ (gwâztin(awa teller of tales, storyteller ﻪﰷﯾﻪﲣﻮان gwâstin physician ﻪﲓ ear; ~-âkhnîn la to ignore; ~- ḥakîm ﮔـــــﻮێ gwe time, turn: la ~ u darfate in ﻫـــــﻪل (bûn la v.i. to hear; ~-dânà … to hal (1 listen to; ~-(râ)girtin la v.t. to listen time, at the right time; la hîch ~ u to marjèk’dâ at no time and under no obedient; aware: wâ gwe- circumstances; (2) opportunity: bo ﮔـﻮـﺒــﺲ gwebîs bîs bûm ka bârân bârîwa I was aware halèk i wâ dagařân they were looking that it had rained for just such an opportunity compound-verbal prefix; for all ﻫــﻪڵ -riverbank hał ﮔﻮﻪم gwecham -ear; ~-dân v.t. to listen; verbs compounded with hał-, see un ﮔـﻮـﭽـﮑـﻪ gwechka ~-girtin v.t. to hear; ~-takândin v.t. der the verbal element -error, mistake; ba ~(dâ) erro ﻫـــﻪـــﻪ to listen hała listener neously ﮔﻮﺪﺮ gweder -haste; ba ~ hurried ﻫـﻪـﻪداوان mule haładâwân ﮔﻮﺪرﮋ gwedrezh listener ly, hastily, in a hurry ﮔﻮﮕﺮ gwegir precipice ﻫﻪﻪت hard of hearing hałat ﮔﻮﮕﺮان gwegirân hał-hâtin = ﻫﻪﻦ handful hałâtin ﮔﻮﻞ gwel ,poem ﻫـﻪـﺒـﻪﺳــﺘـﻪ poet; ~a ﻫـﻪـﺒـﻪﺳـﺖ with hałbast ﮔـﻮـﭙـﭽـ ﮔـﻮـﭙـﭽـ gwepichiř-gwepichiř great difficulty: girtibûyânim, gwe- poetry -election (see bi ﻫـــﻪـــاردن pichiř-gwepichiř rizgârîm hât they hałbizhârdin had captured me, and I was rescued zhârdin) .see hał-wastân (s.v ﻫــﻪــﺪﻩﺳــﺖ -with great difficulty; with alacrity hałdast (attentive wastân ﮔﻮﻘﻮخ gwequłâkh -the prefix hał- with the direc ﻫـــﻪـــ obedient, submissive; hałè ﮔــﻮــﺮاﯾــﻪڵ gwerâyał ~î obedience, submissiveness tional suffix -è; see under hał-hâtin v.t. to draw water ﻫﻪﻨﺎن calf hałenjân ﮔﻮﺮﻩﮐﻪ gweraka type of plant with needle-like ﻫــﻪــﺰ coconut hałiz ﮔﻮﺰﻫﻴﻨﺪ walnut; ~hînd ﮔﻮﺰ gwez 188 SORANI–ENGLISH VOCABULARY v.i. to ـﻪﭘـﻪﺳـ -ḥapase ـﻪﭘـﻪﺳـﺎن leaves ḥapasân chance, accident; ba ~ be astounded, stunned ﻫـﻪـﮑـﻪوت hałkawt tit ﻫـﻪق ﺑـﻪ ﻫـﻪق ~ right; ~ ba ـﻪق، ﻫـﻪق by chance, incidentally; ~û haq ﺑـﻪ ﻫـﻪـﮑـﻪوت nice-looking for tat; ~ bûn ba to be right: haq ba ﻫﻪﮑﻪوﺗﻮو in the ﺑــــــﻪﻫــــــﻪق ~attack; ~-birdin/-dân v.t. to a you’re right; ba ﻫـﻪـﻤـﻪت hałmat in the wrong ﺑﻬﻪق ~to attack right; be wage ﻫﻪﻗﺪﻩﺳﺖ eagle haqdast ﻫﻪﯚ hało truth, reality ﻪﻗﻘﻪت haste ḥaqîqat ﻫﻪﭙﻪ hałpa just ﻫـــﻪرﺋـــﻪوﻩﻧـــﺪﻩ just; ~ awanda ﻫـــﻪر type of Kurdish dance har ﻫﻪﭙﻪڕﮐ hałpařke be- that much; ~ chonè bû somehow or ﻫـﻪـﺴـﻮﮐـﻪوت rising; ~ukawt ﻫـﻪـﺲ hałs ,however much ﻫـﻪرـﻪﻧـﺪ havior, conduct other; ~chand ﻫــﻪرــﻪ contraction no matter how much; ~chanda ﻫـﻪـﺲ -hałss ﻫـﻪـﺴـﺎن hałssân whatever, no ﻫـﻪرﭼـﯽ although; ~chî ﻧـﺪﻩ .of hał-wastân, q.v ﻫــــﻪرﭼــــﯽ a short rest, stop; matter what; ~chîchikânawa ﻫــﻪــﻮــﺴــﺖ (hałwest (1 no matter what they did; ~ka ﭼـــﲀﻧـــﻪوﻩ point of view, standpoint, stance (2) as soon as: har ka châwî pem ﻫــــﻪرﮐــــﻪ ﻫــﻪموﺗــﻪم concern, grief; ~u tam ﻫــﻪم ham1 sorrow and grief kawt as soon as his eyes fell upon me; ;likewise ﻫـــﻪروا wâ~ ,ﻫـــﻪروﻩﻫـــﺎ both…and ~wahâ ﻫﻪم ... ﻫﻪم ham2…ham even more so ﻫﻪروﻩﺮ that very, the aforemen- ~watir ﻫــــﻪﻣــــﺎن hamân threat ﻫﻪڕ و ﮔﻴﻒ (tioned hař u gîf (gîv prefix with superlative) ﻫـــــــــــــــﻪرﻩ -multicolored, of hara ﻫــﻪﻣــﻪرﻩــﮕــﻪ hamaranga exalted, very ﻫــــﻪرﻩﺑــــﻪرز all sorts, varied sense); ~barz once again, all over high, supreme: dâdga i harabarz ﻫــــﻪﻣــــﺪــــﺲ hamdîs very ﻫـــﻪرﻩﮔـــﺮان again supreme court; ~girân again heavy ﻫﻪﻣﺴﺎن hamîsân -landslide, avalanche (con ﻫـــﻪرﻩس always; ~î constant: haras ﻫـــﻪﻣــــــﺸـــﻪ hamîsha khwâst i hamîshaî a wish one has strued with birdin and henân) .threat; ~-kirdin la v.t ﻫـــﻪڕﻩﺷـــﻪ always had hařasha pregnancy: zhinakáy bâr i to threaten ــــﻪﻣــــﻞ ḥaml v.t. to run ﻫﻪڕا ﺮدن hamlî dabe his wife is pregnant hařâ-kirdin out-of-sorts, in a bad ﻫــــﻪراﺳــــﺎن all, every (+ indefinite): ~ harâsân ﻫـــﻪﻣـــﻮو hamû rozhèk every day mood region ﻫﻪرﻢ second wife (relationship to harem ﻫــــﻪﻧــــﻪ hana ﻫـﻪرﮔـﺰاو ~neg) never; ~âw +) ﻫـﻪرﮔـﺰ child of hargiz ﻫـــــــﻪﻧـــــــﻪزا the first wife); ~zâ never ever ﻫﻪرﮔﺰ another wife, step-child adolescent ﻫﻪرزﻩﰷر pomegranate harzakâr ﻫﻪر hanâr in tatters ﻫــــﻪرزﻩڵ ﻫــــﻪرزﻩڵ breath, sigh; ~ hał- harzał-harzał ﻫــــــــﻪﺳــــــــﻪ hanâsa keshân v.t. to breathe a sigh; ~sardî and shreds, useless ـﻪﺳـ...ه ḥase- -awa ـﻪﺳـﺎﻧـﻪوﻩ grief ḥasân|awa ﻫﻪﺳﻪﺳﻪردی ;v.i. to rest, relax, be in repose وﻩ ,a little ﻫـﻪﻧـﺪـﮏ èk~ ,ﻫـﻪﻧـﺪێ è~ :ﻫـﻪﻧـﺪ hand v.t. to let rest, let ــﻪﺳــﺎﻧــﺪﻧــﻪوﻩ a bit, somewhat, rather ~dinawa outside; ~î foreign relax ﻫﻪﻧﺪﻩر handar people, crowd ﻪﺷـﻤﻪت step, pace; ~-nân bo v.t. ḥashîmat ﻫــﻪــﮕــﺎو hangâw feeling; ~-kirdin ba v.t. to ﻫـــﻪﺳـــﺖ to step into hast -honey feel: hast’î ba birsetî kird he felt hun ﻫﻪﮕﻮﻦ hangwen 189 SORANI KURDISH ger; ~yâr (neol.) poet might they not be confusing me with ?somebody else ﻫـــﻪﻫـــﻪﰃ until, even; ~ hatâî ﻫـــﻪ hatâ empty ﻫﺎﯽ forever hâłî earthenware pot ﻫﺎﯚ solar hâło ﻫﻪوى the sun; ~î ﻫﻪو hatâw maternal uncle ﻫﺎﻟﻮ threatening term of address: hâlû ﻫــــــــﻪﰏ hatî bosom, embrace ﻫﺎﻣﺰ hatî! datkuzhim! I’m going to kill hâmez -~ ;motivation, provocation ﻫـــــﺎﻧـــــﻪ you, you devil! hâna orphan dân v.t. to motivate ﻫﻪﺗﲓ hatîm there, take it ﻫﺎ hatîm hâne = ﻫﻪﺗﻴﻮ hatîw shout; ~ i pekanîn peal of ﻫـــــــــــﺎرﻩ first hâra ﻫﻪوﻩﲔ first; ~în ﻫﻪوﻩڵ hawał air, weather laughter ﻫﻪوا hawâ v.i. to be pulverized; ~ndin ﻫـــﺎڕان news hâřâ|n ﻫﻪواڵ hawâł ﻫــــﺎڕاوﻩ v.t. to pulverize; ~wa ﻫــــﺎڕاﻧــــﺪن summer pasture; ~nishîn ﻫـــــــﻪوار hawâr encamped for the summer dust, powder, grist ﻫـــﻪوارـــﺸـــﲔ ;denial; ~-kirdin v.t. to deny ـﺎﺷـﺎ of a nomadic tribe) ḥâshâ) undeniable ﺎﺷﺎﻫﻪﻨﻪﮔﺮ leaven, ferment ~hałnagir ﻫﻪوﻦ hawen marginalia ﺎﺷﻴﻪ toil, effort; ~-dân v.t. to ḥâshiya ﻫــــــــــــــﻪوڵ hawł luck: hâtim niya I don’t have ﻫــــــــﺎت strive, to work hard, to attempt hât ﻫـــــﺎت و ﭼـــــﻮو Arbil, Arbela any luck; ~uchû-kirdin ﻫﻪوﻟﺮ Hawler v.t. to come and go, to frequent ﺮدن cloud ﻫﻪور hawr -pres. subj. be) دێ/ﯾــﻪ -ye-/de ﻫــﺎــﻦ courtyard hâtin ﻫﻪوﺷﻪ hawsha ;v.i. to come (وﻩرﻩ seventy ; impt. sing. wára ﻪو seven; ~â ﻪوت ḥawt (pool (with kas and following subjunctive ﻪوز ḥawz there is, there are; (preceded no one would: kas nâye kârèk i wâ ﻫـــﻪﯾـــﻪ haya by a possessive pronoun) to have: bikât no one would do such a thing; pirsyârekim haya I have a question dâ-~ to be accustomed; hał-~ to run ;impossible away: hât hałè he started to run away ﻫﻪﳞﺎت hayhât desire; ~-kirdin v.t. to desire: râ-~ lagał …dâ to learn from, be ﻫـــــــﻪز haz haz dakam bitbînim I’d like to see taught by, get used to; ~à (+ infini- you tive) to get …: hâtinà kushtin they ~ ;got killed, hâtà girtin he got caught ﻫـﻪژاری poor, unfortunate; ~î ﻫـﻪژار hazhâr poverty, misfortune la to be capable of being: la hałgirtin June (see also huzay- nadahât it couldn’t be picked up ــــﻪزــــﺮان ḥazîrân -v.t. to fre ﻫـــﺎﺗـــﻮﭼـــﯚ ـــﺮدن rân) hâtucho-kirdin (thus quent (a place ﻫﰷ hâkâ prefix) same- (see individual) ﻫـــــﺎو -ruler hâw ﰼ ḥâkim (state, condition; ~ u masala te- words alphabetically ــــﺎڵ ḥâł cry for help; ~-kirdin v.t. to ﻫــﺎوار gayândin v.t. to explain a situation hâwâr to: ~ u masala’y te gayândim he ex- cry for help participant; ~ i … bûn ﻫــﺎوﺑــﻪش plained the situation to me hâwbash -par ﻫـﺎوﺑـﻪﳽ informed; ~-bûn ba to be in- to participate, share in; ~î ﻫـــﺎﻟـــ hâle formed of; ~-bûn ba … la … to be ticipation; ~î-kirdin la …’dâ v.t. to thinking of one thing (ba) instead of participate in grasp ﻫﺎوﮋ another (la), to mistake X (ba) for Y hâwezh pres. stem of hâwîshtin ﻫﺎوﮋ -la): ba kasèk i dîka’m le hâle nabin? hâwezh) 190 SORANI–ENGLISH VOCABULARY … ~ ;so, so much, this much ﻫــﻨـﺪﻩ v.t. to bring henda ﻫﺎور -hâwir ﻫﺎوردن hâwirdin summer tâ so much (so) that: bulbul henda’y ﻫﺎوﻦ hâwîn v.t. to khwend tâ kham’î la hamû diłân ﻫـﺎوـﮋ -hâwezh ﻫـﺎوـﺸـﱳ hâwîshtin throw, toss, shoot; dar-~ to toss out, târand the nightingale sang so much throw away that it drove the sorrow from all colleague; ~î-kirdin lagał hearts ﻫـﺎوﰷر hâwkâr a bit; for a ﻫــــﻨــﺪــﮏ، ﻫــــﻨــﺪێ (v.t. to cooperate with hendè(k synonymous, having while ﻫــــﺎوﻣــــﺎ hâwmânâ v.p. to be ﻫــــــﲊێ -henre ﻫــــــﲊان the same meaning henrân namesake; synonym brought ﻫﺎوو hâwnâw -attack; ~-henân ba to at ﻫــــــــﺮش comrade, companion herish ﻫﺎوڕێ hâwře traveling companion tack; ~-birdinà sar … to attack ﻫﺎوﺳﻪﻓﻪر hâwsafar -attacker, ag ﻫــﺮﺷـﻬــﻨـﻪر neighbor (s.o.); ~henar ﻫﺎوﺳﺎ hâwsâ similar gressor ﻫﺎوﺷﻮﻩ hâwshewa (.marshmallow (bot ﻫﺮۆ sister hero ﻫﺎوﺷﲑﻩ hâwshîra still, yet; ~ (+ neg. past ﻫــــــﺸــــــﺘـــﺎ contemporary, of the heshtâ ﻫـﺎوﺗـﻪﻣـﻪن hâwtaman ,no sooner…than ﻫــﺸــﺘـﺎ ... ﮐـﻪ same age perf.) ka unequalled scarcely…when: heshtâ nanustibû ka ﺑﻬﺎو ~equal; be ﻫﺎو hâwtâ lottery dangèk’î ba gwe gaysht no sooner ﻫﺎﯾﺒﻪﺧﺖ hâybakht ready had he fallen asleep than he heard a ﻫﺎزر hâzir extremely noise ﻫﺠﮕﺎر hejgâr v.t.; subj. often) ﻫــ -heł ﻫــﺸـﱳ pres. stem of heshtin heshtin ﻫ -heł +) v.t. to let go; dâ- beł- for biheł-) to leave, let, allow ﻫـــ -hełe ﻫــن hełân ~à khwârawa to let down, lower: subj): nayânheshtim bem they didn’t pat’yân henâ u dâyânhełâ khwârawa let me come; to turn loose, let go; they brought a rope and lowered him (neg.) not to leave (anyone alive); ba down je ~ to leave alone, leave behind, let egg be, abandon: ba je’y heshtim he left ﻫﻠﮑﻪ helka :slow; ~-kirdin v.t. to slow, me alone; dâ-~ to let down, lower ﻫــــﻤــﻦ hemin slow down: hangâwî hemin kird he patèk’im bo benin u dâmbełinà slowed his pace; ~î slowness: ba khwârawa bring me a rope and lower heminî rû’m da hâwřeakám kird u me down strength, power: ~ i atom the ﻫــــــــــﺰ gutim I slowly turned my face to my hez powerful ﺑﻪﻫﺰ ~companion and said power of the atom; ba valued, valuable, dear ﻫﮋا v.t.; pres. stem hezhâ) ﻫــــﻦ -hen ﻫــــﻨــﺎن henân hakâyat = ﺣﲀﯾﻪت often yen-, as in nâyenim for nâhenim ḥikâyat government ﺣﮑﻮوﻣﻪت I won’t bring it) to bring; ~awa sar ḥikûmat political party ﺣﺰب kho- to bring back to oneself; ba je ~ ḥizb really: hî awa niya bâs bikre it’s ﻫــــــﯽ to execute, carry out (an order); dar-~ hî (darenân) to put out, pull out, take not really anything that can be talked off, extract: châwîlkaká’m la châw about neg.) nothing: ~ i tir nothing +) ﻫـﻴـﭻ darenâbû I had taken off my glasses; hîch nobody ﻫﻴﭻ ﮐﻪﺳﮏ dâ-~ to comb the hair down; râ-~ to else; ~ kasèk -tired; ~î tiredness, exhaus ﻫـــﻴـــﻼک teach, to get into shape; to tame hîlâk India tion ﻫﻨﺪ Hend 191 SORANI KURDISH office ادارﻩ peal of laughter; ~ândin idâra ﺣــــــﻠـــﮑـــﻪ ḥîlk|a anymore ﺋﻴﺪی v.t. to laugh îdî ﺣﻠﲀﻧﺪن positive ﺋﻴﺎﰉ v.i. to learn îjâbî ﻫﲔ ﺑﻮون hîn-bûn ,old, aged: rîshim spî bû اﺧــــﻴــﺎر dry ikhtiyâr ﻫﺸﮏ hîshk hope: hîwâ i zhyân’î le nada- tawâw ~ bûwim my beard is white: I ﻫـــﻴـــﻮا hîwâ kirâ there was no hope of his surviv- have become old kilîl = ﳇﻴﻞ without hope, in iklîl ﻫــﻴــﻮاــاو ing; ~biřrâw e-mail ﺋـﻤﻪﯾﻞ despair; îmayl ﻫـــﻴـــﻮاـــاوی despair; ~biřrâwî empire: ~ i ‘usmânî ﺋـﻴــﺮاﺗـﯚری hopeful împirâtorî ﻫﻴﻮادار dâr~ skein, leather bag for oil, cheese, the Ottoman Empire ﻫــﲒ hîz -imperialist: nata ﺋـــﻤــﺮﻟــﺴـﺖ c. împiryâlîst& reason wa gawra ~akân the great imperialist ﻫﯚ ho campsite nations ﻫﯚﺑﻪ hoba today اﻣۆ room imřo ﻫﯚدﻩ hoda tonight اﻣﺸﻪو v.t. to spin (thread), com- imshaw ﻫــــﯚﻧــــﲔ hon|în the English, the British ﺋــــــﮕــﻠــــﺲ v.t. to string, înglîs ﻫـﯚﻧـﺪن pose (poetry); ~din (wo- (coll.); ~î English (person, language ﻫــﯚﻧــﺪراو to weave together; ~drâw then, next ﺋﺎ ven together, threaded together; ~râw injâ human being اﺴﺎن hondrâw insân = ﻫﯚﺮاو Iraqi ﻋﺮاﰵ Iraq; ~î ﻋﺮاق boom, big noise ‘Irâq ﻫﯚر hor -colonialism, imperial اﺳــــﺘــﻌــﲈر sack isti‘mâr ﻫﯚڕ hoř imperialist اﺳﺘﻌﲈری ugly baby ism; ~î ﻫﻮرﮏ hortik .work, labor, deed; ~-kirdin v.t ﺋــــﺶ consciousness; hâtinawa ~ îsh ﻫـــــــﯚش hosh -~ ;hardworking ﺋــﺸـﮑـﻪر kho- to regain consciousness; la ~ (i to work; ~kar business ﺋﺶ و ﰷر kho) chûn to lose consciousness; be~ u-kâr enclitic, after vowels ’sh and) ـــــــﺶ unconscious; be~-bûn v.i. to -îsh ﺑــــــﻬـــﯚش faint, pass out, lose consciousness ’ysh) too, also, either motion; sign ﺋﺸﺎرﻩت tribe, people, population îshârat ﻫﯚز hoz Islam; ~î Islamic ﺋﺴﻼم hatâ îslâm = ﻫﺘﺎ htâ v.t. to ﺋــﺴــﺘـﻪرﻩم ـﺮدن îstaram-kirdin la ﻫــﻮﻣــــﺪــاو hope; ~biřrâw ﻫــﻮﻣــــﺪ humed hopeless, in despair beg, plead with again, another time ﺋﻴﱰ art, craft, skill; ~mand îtir ﻫـــــــﻮﻧـــــــﻪر hunar permission; ba ~ i khwâ by ﺋــــــــــــﲒن îzn ﺑــﻪﻫــﻮﻧــﻪر ~artist, artisan; ba ﻫــﻮﻧــﻪرﻣــﻪﻧــﺪ skilled God’s leave wishtir = ﺣﻮﺷﱰ ḥushtir (v.t. to tie (animals ــﻪ ــﺮدن June jala-kirdin ﺣﻮزﻩﺮان ḥuzayrân hîn-bûn together in a herd = ﻫﻮون ﺑﻮون hûn-bûn executioner ﻠﻼد hissing jallâd ﻫﻮوﺷﻪ و ﻓﺸﻪ hûsha u fîsha generality, crowd; ~ i ـﻪﻣــﻮورﻩ jambûra ordinary people ﻪﻣﻮورﻩى ﻪ initial i and î are intermingled in alpha- khałk) -excellency: khałk i gunda ــــﻪب betization; the distinction between janâb initial i and î is not always main- kámân châwařwân i janâbitin the in- people of our village are waiting for اﯾـــ and ﺋـــــ tained; initial î is spelled discriminately) your excellency; janâb i pâshâ his elementary majesty, your majesty اﺑﺘﺪاﰃ ibtidâî 192 SORANI–ENGLISH VOCABULARY ;child ﺟـﮕـﻪرﮔـﯚﺷـﻪ funeral child to death; ~gosha ﻪزﻩ janâza consoler ﺟﮕﻪرﺳﯚز war, battle ~soz ﻪﮓ jang cigarette; ~-keshân to ﺟـــــــﮕـــــــﻪرﻩ highway robber jigara ﻪردﻩ jarda liver, heart (metaphorical) smoke cigarettes ﻪرگ jarg grief, sorrow ﺟﻐﺎر surgeon jighâr ﻪڕاح jarrâḥ clothes, togs; ~-nân to put on ـــــــــــﻞ leather water bag jil ﻪوﻩﻧﺪﻩ jawanda large sack or saddlebag, clothes ـــــــــــﻪواڵ jawâł usually one of a pair on either side of jila octopus reins ﻪو a donkey or horse jiław v.i. to move ﰖ -jim ﲨﲔ jewels jimîn ﻪواﻫﲑ jawâhîr insult; ~-dân ba to curse at ﺟﻮ festival, celebration jinew ﻪژن jazhn genii ﺟﯚﮐﻪ then, therefore jinoka ﺎ jâ south ﺟﻮوب road, street jinûb ﺎدﻩ jâda .rip; ~-dân v.t. to rip; ~-hâtin v.i ﺟــــ jiř ـﺎدووﮔـﻪر magic, sorcery; ~gar ـﺎدوو jâdû magician, sorcerer to have difficulty, be sad (cooing (of doves ﺟﺮﯾﻮﻩ spider jirîwa ﺎﺎﻮوﮐﻪ jâłjâłûka noble, race ﺟﺴﻦ mirror, glass, pane; bowl jisin ﺎم jâm ﺟـــﻮاﻧـــﻪﻣـــﻪرگ young; ~amarg ﺟـــﻮان animal jiwân ﺎﻧﻪوﻩر jânawar adolescent ﺟﻮاﮑﻪ police died young; ~ka ﺎﻧﺪارم jândârm boot ﺟﺰﻣﻪ satchel jizma ﺎﻧﺘﺎ jântâ -world ﺟــﳱــﺎﻧــﺒــﲔ world; ~bîn ﺟــﳱــﺎن time, instance: dû hafta ~èk once jîhân ـﺎر jâr olden seeing, all-seeing ـــــــــــﺎران every two weeks; ~ân genocide ﺟﻨﯚﺳﺎﯾﺪ once; jînosâyd ــــﺎرــــﮏ times, past times; ~èk ــﲑﻩﺧــﯚر salary, stipend; ~khor ــﲑﻩ once, one time; ba ~e jîra ـﺎرـﮑــﺎن èkyân~ oc- salaried ــﺎرور all at once; ~ u bâr ﺑــﻪــﺎرێ stream ﺟﯚﮔﻪ casionally, from time to time joga weaver ﺟﯚ proclamation; ~-dân la v.t. to jołâ ـــــــــﺎڕ jâř sort, kind; manner: b’ aw jorá in ﺟـﯚر proclaim, to broadcast; ~-keshân v.t. jor ~ba~ ,ﺟــــــﯚراﺟــــــﯚر ~to proclaim, make a proclamation; that manner; ~âw of all sorts, various ﺟﯚرﺑﻪﺟﯚر herald ﺎڕﭼﯽ chî~ sock ﺟﯚراو v.t. to chew jorâw ﺎوﻦ jâwîn bag, saddlebag ﺟﯚڕک place; la ~gâ i instead of; ba ~ jořik ﺟــــــــــ je the month of Gemini ﺟﯚزﻩردان mân v.i. to be left behind; ba ~ jozardân Friday ﺟﻮﻣﻌﻪ heshtin v.t. to leave, leave behind, jum‘a to move, to ﺟــــــﻮوــــــﻪ ــــــﺮدن abandon; ~-mân v.i. to be left behind; jûł|a-kirdin v.i. to ﺟــﻮوﻟــ -jûłe ﺟــﻮوﻻن place, budge; ~ân ﺟــﮕـﺎ place, bed; ~gâ ﺟــﮕـﻪ ga~ heir-appar- move ﺟــــــﺸــﲔ position; ~nishîn farmer ﺟﻮوﺗﻴﺎر pair; ~yâr ﺟﻮوت ent, successor jût answer, reply; ~-dân v.t. to ﺟـــــﻮاب v.t. to finish jwâb ﺟــــﺒــﻪﺟــ ــﺮدن jebaje-kirdin off, to polish off reply ﺟـــــــﻮاﱏ pretty, beautiful; ~î ﺟـــــــﻮان aside from, except for; jwân ﺟــــــﮕــــــﻪ jiga la aside beauty ﺟـــﮕـــﻪ وﻩى without; jiga l’ awaî -sepa ﺟــﺎواز separate, apart; ~wâz ﺟــﺎ from the fact that, in addition to the jyâ -distinguishing fea ﺟــﺎوازی fact that rate; ~wâzî liver, child; ~-sûtân to lose a ture ﺟـﮕـﻪر jigar 193 SORANI KURDISH instead of hał-~ to pull up, uproot, dig ﺟﺎﰏ jyât i ~-v.i. to laugh; pe ﮐـﻪن -kan- ﮐـﻪﻧـﲔ kanîn other, else: hîch i ~’m nâwe I to laugh ﮐــــــــــــﻪ ka1 girl, daughter ﮐﻪﻧﺸﮏ don’t want anything else kanîshk donkey, ass ﮐﻪر when (conj); that (subordinating kar ﮐـــــﻪ ka2 karista = ﮐﻪرﻩﺳﻪ conj.) karasa .See karrat .ﮐﻪڕﻩت pres. stem of kirdin kařat ﮐﻪ -ka ,raw material; instrument ﮐـﻪرﺳــﺘـﻪ bald, mangy karista ﮐﻪﻪڵ kachał but, on the other hand tool, means; feature ﮐﻪﭼﯽ kachî Kirkuk ﮐﻪرﻮوک kawtin Karkûk = ﮐﻪف -kaf ﮐﻪﻓﱳ kaftin time, instance: aw ~á’sh ﮐــــــﻪڕﻩت mountain pass; broken (of karrat ﮐـــــــــــــــﻪل kal odds and ends that time too; la mezhû i kurd’dâ bo ﮐﻪلوﭘﻪل teeth); ~-u-pal rooster hawałîn ~ for the first time in the ﮐﻪب kalabâb pile; ~ a bard pile of rocks history of the Kurds ﮐﻪﻪک kałak large clod ﮐﻪرﺳﻪک mountain ram karsak ﮐﻪﻪﮐﻮی kałakewî kawreshik = ﮐﻪروﺸﮏ paraphernalia, baggage karweshik ﮐﻪﭘﯚڕ kalapoř -anybody; ~-u ﮐـﻪﺳـ person; ~è ﮐـﻪس tradition; ~î traditional kas ﮐﻪﭘﻮور kalapûr people, relatives; ~âyatî ﮐـﻪس و ﰷر rooster kâr ﮐﻪﻪﺷﺮ kałasher relationship ﮐﻪﺳﺎﯾﻪﰏ ruin, a ruined building ﮐﻪﻻوﻩ kalâwa livelihood: bâwkim kâr ﮐـﻪﺳـﺎﺑـﻪت use, benefit: kałkî nabû it was kasâbat ﮐـﻪـﮏ kałk useless; ~ war-girtin la to derive u ~î chi bû? What did my father do ben- for a living?; ~-kirdin v.t. to make a ﮐـﻪـﮑــﻪﺧـﺶ benefit from; ~bakhsh useful, beneficial; living ﺑــﻪﮐــﻪــﮏ ~eficial; ba distressed; ~î distress ﮐﻪﺳﺎس useless, worthless kasâs ﺑﮑﻪﮏ ~be stormcloud ﮐﻪش wish, desire for kash ﮐﻪﮑﻪﻪی kałkała i boat, ship ﮐﻪﺷﱴ head kashtî ﮐﻪﻟـ kalla see kas ﮐﻪﺳﻮﰷر culture kasukâr ﮐﻪﻟﺘﻮر kaltur -insult; ~-kirdin ba v.t. to in ﮐــﻪــﻦ kalapoř katin = ﮐﻪﻟﻮﭘﻪل kalupal sult: katinèk i gawra’y pe kirdûm he ﮐــﻪﻣــــﻴــﻨــﺎ little, little bit; ~bînâ ﮐــﻪم kam weak-sighted, unable to see well; has insulted me greatly sieve with large holes ﮐﻪو kaw ﮐـﻪ unproductive; ~tir ﮐـﻪـﻪوـﻦ hawen~ pres. stem of kawtin ﮐﻪو -less; ~ u zor more or less; ~tâkur- kaw ﻣـﱰ herds and flocks; ~~ spread ﮐـــﻪواڵ tè(k) more or less kawâł cliff out ﮐﻪﻣﻪرﲔ kamarchîn then, therefore, in that case ﮐﻪواﺗﻪ pres. stem of kanîn and kanin kawâta ﮐﻪن -kan roasted meat ﮐﻪواو channel (television) kawâw ﮐﻪڵ kanâł spoon ﮐﻪوﮏ edge of ravine kawchik ﮐﻪﻧﺪﻩن kandałân skin (of an animal); ~-kirdin ﮐـــﻪوڵ hill kawł ﮐﻪﻧﺪاڵ kandâł (see kanin to skin (an animal ﮐﻪﻧﺪن kandin old, ancient ﮐﻪورا old; ~ârâ ﮐﻪون v.p. to be pulled up, to kawn ﮐـــﻪﻧـــﺪران kandrân rabbit, hare ﮐﻪورﺸﮏ be dug up; hał-~ to be pulled out, to kawreshik shoe ﮐﻪوش be wrenched out kawsh ;v.i. to fall, befall ﮐـﻪو -kaw ﮐـﻪوـﻦ when?, what time? kawtin ﮐﻪﮕ kange ~-to dar-~ to go outside, to appear; dâ ﮐــﻪن -kan (ﮐــﻪﻧــﺪن kandin) ﮐــﻪــﻦ kanin pull up, off, dig up; dâ-~ to pull off; to fall away; dûr ~awa to get far 194 SORANI–ENGLISH VOCABULARY effective; mortal: birîn i ﰷرــﮕــﻪر away; ~à … (+ inf.) to start to, fall to: kârîgar kawtînà qsa kirdin we started talking; ~ mortal wound factory ﰷرﺎﻧﻪ hał-~ la to be situated in kârkhâna affairs, busines ﰷرور when? kâr-u-bâr ﮐﻪی kay -cara ﰷرواـﯽ caravan; ~chî ﰷروان lady kârwân ﮐﻪﯾﺒﺎﻧﻮو kaybânû -caravanse ﰷرواــﺴــﻪرا enjoyment; ~ u safâ kirdin van leader; ~sarâ ﮐـــﻪﯾـــﻒ kayf lagał v.t. to enjoy oneself (sexually) rai dizzy; faint ﰷس with kâs cassette ﰷﺳﺖ Kay-Kaus, shah of kâset ﮐــــﻪــــﲀوس Kaykâwis -merchant, trader, shopkeep ﰷﺳـــﺐ Iran kâsib trade, commerce ﰷﺳﱮ mountain er; ~î ﮐﻪژ kazh ;time: l’ aw ~á’dâ at that time ﰷت khazâł kât1 = ﮐﻪژال kazhâl -when (temporal con ﰷﺗــــﮏ، ﰷ (straw ~è(k ﰷ kâ man, gentleman junction); la ~èk’dâ while, during, at ﰷﺮا kâbrâ pool a time when ﰷچ kâch back of the neck ﰷت paper kât2 ﰷﻪز kâghaz cud; ~-kirdin v.t. to chew ﰷوــــﮋ lettuce kâwezh ﰷﻫﻮو kâhû sir the cud ﮐﻪ elder brother; ~a ﰷک kâk kâbrâ = ﰷورا spider kâwrâ ﮐﻪﻣﻮوﺷﺎن kâkłamûshân playing field ﰷﯾﻪﮔﺎ game; ~gâ ﰷﯾﻪ raw; unripe, immature; light kâya ﰷڵ kâł ?who ﮐ color); faded ke) race, competition ﮐﺒﻪرﮐ cloth, commercial goods kebarke ﰷ kâłâ mountain; cave ﮐﻒ scabbord kef ﰷﻻن kâlân tombstone ﮐﻞ which?, which one? kel ﰷم kâm v.t. to plow ﮐ -keł ﮐن mineral kełân ﰷﺰا mine; ~zâ ﰷن kân the black fabric of which tents ﮐــــــﻦ waterspring ken ﰷﻧﻴﺎو spring; ~âw ﰷﱏ kânî i yekam December; ~ i are made ~ : ﰷﻧـــﻮون kânûn penis ﮐﺮ dûham January ker knife ﮐﺮد work, thing (intangible): nâtwâ- kerd ﰷر kâr -dispute; ~ i … chârasar ﮐــــــﺸـــﻪ nîn am ~á bikayn we can’t do this kesha thing; ~-kirdin v.t. to work, to do kirdin v.t. to deal with ,v.t. to pull ﮐــــــﺶ -kesh ﮐــــــﺸـــﺎن something; ba ~ henrân v.p. to be keshân used, be put to use; ~ ba sarawa bûn draw; râ-~ to draw, pull, select; see v.i. to have a responsibility, have also râ-kishân mountain ﮐﻮ something to do: îdî kâr’it ba sarawa kew pres. stem of khistin ﻪ nabe you have nothing else to do, kha news; awareness; ~bazen ــﻪﺑــﻪر there is nothing further you have to khabar ﺑـﻪـﻪﺑـﻪ ~ba ,ـﻪﺑـﻪردار spy; ~dâr ـﻪﺑـﻪرﺑـﻪزـﻦ ﺑــﲀری unemployed; be~î ﺑــﲀر ~do; be awake, aware, informed; ~-bûnawa ر unemployment ,electricity v.i. to wake up; ~-dân v.t. to report ﰷرﻩ kârabâ worker, servant give news ﰷرﻩﮐﻪر kârakar danger ﻪر catastrophe khabâr ﰷرﻩﺳﺎت kârasât struggle; ~-kirdin v.t. to ـــــﻪت official khabât ﰷرﺑﻪدﻩﺳﺖ kârbadast struggler ﻪﮑﻪر underground water channel; struggle; ~kar ﰷرــــﺰ kârez ;undistinguished family ـــــــﻪﻓـــــــﻪ kârez digger khafa ﰷرﺰﮐﻪن kan~ 195 SORANI KURDISH weak flame; ~-kirdin v.t. to choke, bûn to be busy: ~ i dars-khwendinîn strangle; to lower (flame) we’re busy studying map ﻪرﯾﺘﻪ sor- kharîta ـﻪﻓـﻪﺗـﺒـﺎر sorrow; ~bâr ـﻪﻓـﻪت khafat -outlay, expenditure; ~-kir ــــــﻪرج rowful; ~-khwârdin v.t. to grieve kharj (curse; mistake; deception din v.t. to spend (money ﻪﻪت khałat haystack, threshing ــــــﻪرﻣــــــﺎن v.i. to be kharmân ـﻪـﻪ -khałate ـﻪـﻪن khałatân ;halo around the moon ـﻪرﻣـﺎﻧـﻪ deceived, tricked floor; ~a the month of Virgo ــــــــﻪرﻣــــــــﺎن v.t. to deceive, ~ân ــــﻪــــﻪﻧــــﺪن khałatândin trick (August 23–September 22) estimate, guess; ~ândin ــــــــــﻪرس reward; ~-kirdin v.t. to re- khars ــﻪت khałât .v.t. to estimate; ~-kirdin v.t ـﻪرﺳـﺎﻧـﺪن ward beehive to estimate ﻪﻒ khałef thick woolen carpet ﻪرﺳﻪک people kharsak ﻪﮏ khałk mustard ﻪرﺗﻪ khałk khartala = ﻪﻖ khałq v.t. to ـﻪﺳــﻦ -khasen ـﻪﺳـﺎﻧـﺪن wallowing, floundering; ~ khasândin ـﻪـﺘـﺎن khałtân weltering in emasculate; to prune ـــﻪـــﺘـــﺎﱏ ﺧـــﻮـــﻦ i khwen loss ﻪﺳﺎرﻩت blood khasârat ـــــــﻪﴎﻩو ﭘـــــــﻪروـــــــﺰ Khasraw Parwez ـــﻪﻣــــــﺎر worry, sorrow; ~bâr ـــﻪم kham griev- Chosroës Parvez, Sassanian shah of ـﻪﻣـﮕـ ﺗﺮـﻮو sorrow-raining; ~girtû sorrowful, sad; Iran ــﻪﻣــﮕــﲔ ing, sad; ~gîn mother-in-law, son’s ــــــــﻪﺳــــــــﻮو sympathetic, consoler; khasû ـــﻪﳐـــﯚر khor~ sad wife’s mother ﻪﻣﺎک nâk~ line ﻪت v.i. to be khat ـﻪﻣــ -khamłe ـﻪﻣـن khamłân circumcision; ~sûrân ــــﻪﺗــــﻪﻧــــﻪ decorated, embellished khatana circumcision celebration ﻪﺗﻪﻧﻪﺳﻮوران large vat ﻪﻣﻩ khamřa grave, serious ﻪﺗﻪر wink khatar ﻪﻣﺰﻩ khamza sleep, dream; ~yân le kawt ـــــــــﻪو henna khaw ﻪﻧﻪ khana -ditch they fell asleep; pres. stem of khaw ﻪﻧﺪﻩک khandak ;sleepy-head ــــــــــﻪوــــــــــﻪوی dagger; dânà bar ~ v.t. tin; ~~î ـــﻪﳒـــﻪر khanjar drowsiness ﻪوﻩﻧﻮوﭼﮑﻪ to stab, cut with a knife ~anûchka dream; ~-dîtin v.t. to ــــــــــــــﻪون imperative stem of khistin): khawin) ـــــﻪر -khar bíkhara (impt. sing) throw! dream v.i. to lie ـــــﻪو -khaw ـــــﻪوـــــﻦ ditch, cesspool khawtin ﻪرﻩﻧﺪ kharand bad, out of order, broken down; to sleep: khawtûa he’s asleep ﻪراب kharâb ;idea, thought; imagination ــﻪڵ graceful, walking khayâł ــــــﻪراﻣــــــﺎن kharâmân stately ba ~ i …dâ hâtin to occur to the khirâp mind of = ﻪراپ kharâp cucumber ﻪر khayâr ــﻪراوﻩﮐــﻪ kharâb; ~akar = ــﻪراو kharâw -the month of Scor ـــﻪزﻩـــﻮﻩر robber; ~-witin v.t. khazałwar ــــﻪراوﻩﰷر akâr~ ,ر to curse pio (October 23–November 21) gazelle ﻪزاڵ large measure of weight, khazâł ــﻪرر kharbâr khazân = ﻪزام kilos khazâm 300 autumn ﻪزان kharîk khazân = ﻪرﮏ kharek treasury ﻪزﻨﻪ stranger khazena ﻪرﯾﺐ kharîb treasury; pool in public ـــــﻪ ﻧزـــــﻪ busy, occupied; kharîk- khazna ـــﻪرـــﮏ kharîk 196 SORANI–ENGLISH VOCABULARY the Far East دوور treasurer ﻪزﻧﻪدار bath; ~dâr clean, tidy ﺎوﻦ anger khâwen ﻪزر khazr ـــﺎﯾـــﻪرۆن egg; testicle; ~ron ـــﺎﯾـــﻪ father-in-law, son’s khâya ــــــــﻪزوور (khazûr(a wife’s father fried egg habit, custom ﺧ cross khe ﺎچ khâch good; ba ~ well: ba ~ bît be ــــــــــﺮ earth, dust; ~âwî dusty, dirty kher ﺎک khâk Aries (March 21– well; qsa i ~ kirdin bo to put in a ــﮐــﻪﻟــــﻮﻩ khâkalewa April 20) good word for: qsayèk i kherî bo uncle bikirdîtâya she could have put in a ــﺎــﯚ maternal uncle; ~o ــﺎڵ khâł1 (maternal) good word for you ﺑــــﻪ quick, soon, fast; ba ~î ــــــــﺮا spot, mole (on skin); tattoo; ~ kherâ ـــﺎڵ khâł2 quickly, rapidly ﺮاﱙ colors on neck and ــــﺎڵ و ﻣــــــــﻞ u mîl -v.t. to wel ــــﺮاــﻦ ــﺮدن breast of partridge, (meta.) beauty of kherâtin-kirdin the beloved; ~-kutân v.t. to tattoo come v.t. to turn ــــﺴــﻪ ــﺮدن raw khesa-kirdin la ﺎم khâm pencil, pen away from ﺎﻣﻪ khâma owner, lord ﺧﻮ quiet, peaceful; silent; khew ــﺎﻣــﯚش khâmosh khew = ﺧﻮﻩﻧﺪ kirdin v.t. to extinguish; ~î quiet- khewand-~ tent; ~ hał-dân v.t. to ﺧــــــــــﻮﻩت ness khewat lady pitch a tent ﺎﱎ khan, chief; ~im ﺎن khân1 -members of a family, de ــــــﺰان innkeeper khezân ﺎﯽ inn; ~chî ﺎن khân2 man with ــــــــــﺰاﻧـــــﺪار un- pendents; ~dâr ـﺎﻧـﻪﺧـﺮاپ house; ~khirâp ـﺎﻧـﻪ khâna many mouths to feed ـﺎﻧـﻪﻗـﺎ host; ~qâ ـﺎﻧـﻪﺧـﻮێ lucky; ~khwe custom, manner ﺪﻩ khanaqah, dervish hostel; ~wâda khida rolling; ~-kirdinawa v.t. to roll ـــﻞ family, wealthy family khil ﺎﻧﻪوادﻩ family, home; be~ down: bardèkim khil kirdawa I rolled ــــــﺎﻧــــــﻮﻻن khânulân ,rolling ــــــــــــــﻞ ~homeless; be~-kirdin v.t. to a stone down; ~a ﺑــــــﺎﻧــﻮﻻن home- bouncing ﺑـــﺎﻧـﻮﻻﱏ render homeless; be~î v.t. to trick, deceive ﻓﺎﻧﺪن lessness khiłâfândin (molar (tooth ﻠﻨﻪ house khilena ﺎﻧﻮو khânû slippery, slimy; ~a ــــﻠــــــــﺴــــﮏ v.t. to ruin, khilîsk ـــﺎﭘـــﻮور ـــﺮدن khâpûr-kirdin ـﻠــﺴـﲀ slippery place; ~âne ـﻠــﺴـﮑـﻪ destroy ـﻠــﺴـﮑـﲔ în~/ ـﻠــﺴـﲀن good ice-skating; ~ân ﺎس khâs (especially v.i. to slip (on ice ﺎﺳﻪﺗﻪن khâsatan v.i. to ﺧــــــﮑـــ -khinke ﺧــــــﲀن poppy khinkân ﺎﺷﺎش khâshkhâsh for the sake choke; to drown ــﺎــﺮی mind; ~ i ــﺎــﺮ khâtir round: top i zawî khiřa the ﺧــــــــــــ with mind at ease, khiř1 ـــﺎـــﺮـــﻪم of; ~jam in love earth is round; ~-bûnawa v.i. to ﺎﺮﺧﻮا reassured; ~khwâ khâm; = khaw; ~-bûnawa gather: la chî khiř bûnawa what did = ـــﺎو khâw v.i. to lose patience; ~ u khezân they gather for?; ~ dâ-khistin v.t. to ﺧـــ و ـــﺎـــﯽ all the members of a family shut tight, slam; ~ u khâłî ﺎووﺰان pretty ﺧ و ﺧﯚڵ toll empty; ~ u khoł ﺎوﻩ khâwa too big, too large ﺧ owner, possessor; ~shiko khiř2 ــﺎوﻩن khâwan .displeasing; ~î-kirdin ba v.t ﺧـــــﺮا lord, master khirâ ﺎوﻩﺸﮑﯚ to be angry with, displeased by: agar ـﺎوﻩرى east, orient; ~ i dûr ـﺎوﻩر khâwar 197 SORANI KURDISH aw kârá nakan, khirâî’tân pe dakam nim dâkhist I pulled down the tree if you don’t do it, I’ll be angry with branches, la khajâłatî sarî dâkhist he you lowered his head in shame; (4) to v.p. passive of store, put up (food): âzûqam dâkhist I ﺧـــﺮێ -khire ﺧـــﺮان khirân khistin; râ-~ to grow, sprout put up provisions tickle; ~-dân v.t. to ﺧــــــــــﻮوﮐـــــﻪ bad, awful, wrong: ~ te- khitûka ﺧــــــــﺮاپ khirâp gayshtûy you’ve misunderstood; ~ tickle ,v.i. to slip ﺧـــــــﺰێ -khize ﺧـــــــﺰان geřânawa la bâra i …dâ v.i. to khizân bad deed; ~akâr crawl; ~ la to draw near to; râ-~ to ﺧــﺮاﭘــﻪ speak ill of; ~a evil-doer, maleficent; ~akârî sprout ﺧـــﺮاﭘـــﻪﰷر family ﺧـﺰﻣـﺎﯾـﻪﰏ family; ~âyatî ﺧـﺰم evil, maleficence khizm ﺧﺮاﭘﻪﰷری ditto relationship ﺧﮐﻪﺑﻪرد pebble; ~bard ﺧﮐﻪ khiřka ﺧــﺰﻣــﻪــﲀر service; ~kâr ﺧــﺰﻣــﻪت v.i. khizmat ﺧـﺮۆﺷـ -khiroshe ﺧـﺮۆﺷـﺎن khiroshân to be in turmoil, commotion servant; ~-kirdin v.t. to serve; gayshtin ba ~ i to meet, see ﺧـﺮتوـﺮت cylindrical; ~ u pirt ﺧـﺮت khirt (honorific) ﺧــــــ ﺗﺮــــــﻪک junk, worthless things; ~ak foundation; race, origin ﺧﲓ roller (for a chair, bed, &c.) khîm bravery, manly honor ﲑﻩت v.i. to khîrat ﺧــــﺸــــ -khishe ﺧــــﺸــــﺎن khish|ân sand, sandy patch ﲒﻩن khîzałân ﺧـﺸــﻦ -khishen ﺧـﺸـﺎﻧـﺪن crawl; ~ândin self (normally kho refers to the ﺧـــــﯚ kho ﺧـــﺸـــﲔ v.t. to drag on the ground; ~în v.i. to creep, crawl subject of the verb of the clause in ornament which it occurs: kho’y kusht he killed ﺧﺸ khishił creeping himself; with a pron. encl. it also ﺧـﺸـﮑـﻪوـﺸـﮑـﻪ khishka u pishka and crawling functions as a stressed pronoun: kâb- skewer; brick, slab of râ kuřaká’y kusht u amjâr hařasha i ﺧـــــــﺸـــــــﺖ khisht baked clay awa’y le kird ka kho’ysh’î bikuzhe the -level; la ~ birdin v.t. to man killed her son and then he threat ﺧــﺸــــﺘــﻪ khishta level, ruin, destroy, (meta.) to have ened to kill her too); la ~awa by one- illicit relations with, to corrupt self; la ~’râ by oneself; ~-dâ-girtin .v.t., impt. sing. v.t. to lurk in ambush; ~-dâ-kutân v.t) ـــﻪ -kha ﺧـــﺴـــﱳ khistin bikhara; pass. khirân) to throw, put; to take root; ~-dâ-nân v.t. to sacrifice ~à … to throw into: pâdshâ awânî oneself, lay down one’s life; ~-girtin khistà bandîkhâna the king threw v.t. to have patience, be stable; to be them into prison; ~awa to build, success-ful; ~-keshânawa v.t. to make; ~à …awa to pour s.th. into …: withdraw, secede; ~-khurândin v.t. daykhamà kupałayèk i damtangawa to scratch oneself; to participate in I’ll pour it into a jar with a narrow charitable affairs; ~-khwârdinawa -my ﺧــــــﯚم neck; ~à sar to fulfill a wish, to help v.t. to suffer in silence; ~m someone accomplish a goal; dar-~ to self; ~-pârâstin v.t. to defend oneself; express; dâ-~ (1) to shut, close: dar- ~t yourself; ~y him/herself pride, self-satisfaction ﺧﯚﰃ gây dâkhist he shut the door; dalâ- khobâî xenophile, enemy to ﺧـــــﯚﺧـــــﯚر qaká’y la sar dâkhistinawa he shut khokhor the trap door over them; (2) to spread: one’s one people: kurd’îsh chi kurd bařakam dâkhist I spread out the rug; a? mîłat i khokhora pekawa / bo gyân (3) to pull down, lower: likadârakâ- u mâł i yektirî simkoł dakan la khoł 198 SORANI–ENGLISH VOCABULARY ﻧـﻪﺧـﯚش ~Malâ Mârif) And what are the the British didn’t like him; na) Kurds? A self-destructive nation alto- ill, sick ﺧــﯚﺷــﻪ ear of grain; ~chîn ﺧــﯚﺷــﻪ gether stomping their hooves in the khosha gleaner ﲔ dust to get at each other’s lives and cheers, bon appetit ﺧﯚﺷﻪﺎن property khoshajân beloved, dear; ~î ﺧـﯚﺷـﻪوـﺴـﺖ natural, not artificial khoshawîst ﺧﯚﺮد khokird dust; ~ i mirdû ba sar’dâ love ﺧـــــــــــﯚڵ khoł dried fruit soaked in ﺧـــــﯚﺷـــــﺎو kirân to be in mourning: khałkakáy khoshâw dałey khoł i mirdû’yân ba sar’dâ water optimistic ﺧﯚﺷﺒﲔ kirâwa you’d think the people were in khoshbîn -good-tasting, de ﺧـﯚﺷـــﮋﻩ mourning; ~akawa ashes; ~amesh khoshchezha gray licious ﺧﻮﻪﻣﺸﯽ ashes; ~ameshî ﺧﯚﻪﻣﺶ happy, in a ﺧــــﯚﺷــــﺪﻩﻣــــﺎخ domestic, personal, own: khoshdamâkh ﺧـﯚﻣـﺎـﯽ khomâłî zimân i ~ mother tongue good mood happy, pleased ﺧﯚﴮﺎل selfish khoshḥâl ﺧﯚﭘﻪرﺳﺖ khoparist pleasure, fun; la ~ân’dâ ﺧـــﯚﳽ self-satisfied, egotis- khoshî ﺧـﯚﭘـﻪﺳــﻨـﺪ khopasind in joy and happiness ﺧﯚﺷﻴﺎﻧﺪا tical ﺧـﯚﺷـﮑــﲎ humble; ~î ﺧـﯚﺷـﮑــﻦ self-defense khoshken ﺧﯚﭘﺎرﺰی khopârezî east, sun- humility ﺧـــﯚرﻩت sun; ~ałât ﺧـــﯚر khor tannery ﺧﯚﺷﺎﻧﻪ khoshkhâna ﺧــــﯚراوا sun; ~âwâ ﺧــــﯚرﻩو rise; ~atâw pretty ﺧﯚﺷﮑﯚک east; khoshkok ﺧـــــﯚرﻫـــــﻪت west, sunset; ~hałât -well-dressed, dan ﺧـﯚﺷـﻠـﻴـﺒـﺎس west(ern); ~wazân khoshlîbâs ﺧـــﯚرـــﺸـــﲔ nishîn~ east dy ﺧﯚروﻩزان delicious ﺧﯚﴰﻪزﻩ suffix meaning eating, con- khoshmaza ﺧـــــــﯚر khor- renowned ﺧﯚﺷﻨﺎو suming khoshnâw calligrapher; ~î ﺧـــﯚﺷــــــﻨـــﻮوس blood; fast flowing of water khoshnûs ﺧﯚڕ khoř calligraphy ﺧﯚﺷﻨﻮوﳻ free, gratis ﺧﯚراﰃ khorâî well-dressed ﺧﯚﺷﭙﯚش dictator khoshposh ﺧﯚڕاﰃ khořâî electric razor ﺧﯚش food khotâsh ﺧﯚراک khorâk sweat, dew ﺧﯚی natural color, colorfast khoy ﺧﯚڕﻩﮓ khořang would that (+ irrealis ﺧـــــــﯚزﮔـــــــﻪ stubborn, intractable khozga ﺧﯚڕا khořâ wild, uncultivated mood): khozga ahâtî would that you ﺧﯚرﺳﺖ khorist -~ ;young, youth had come; ~-birdin v.t. to wish ﺧﯚرت khort good, well; khwârdin v.t. to wish ﺧــﻮﻩش khwash ,ﺧــﯚش khosh God; ~î divine, God-given ﺧﻮدا râ-bwârdin v.t. to have a good khudâ ~ turn, revolution; ~-dân v.t. to ﺧــــﻮل time, enjoy: l’ awe khoshmân râ- khul bwârd we had a good time there; ~- revolve; ~-khwardin v.t. to revolve, .v.i ﺧــﻮﻟــ -khule ﺧــﻮﻻن bûn ba to be happy with, pleased by: spin (int.); ~ân pem khosh bû hâtî I’m glad you to spin, turn wish, desire, daydream ﺧﻮﻟﻴﺎ came; ~-kirdin v.t. to be nice: hawâ khulyâ bud ﺧﻮﻪ khoshî kird the weather turned nice; khuncha ;sudden rush of water, in flood ﺧـﻮڕ to fan a flame; to make ready, to im- khuř hemorrhage ﺧﻮﻦوﺧﻮڕ ~ prove; ~-kirdinawa v.t. to make up, khwen u ;v.i. to itch ﺧــﻮرێ -khure ﺧــﻮران make peace; ~-wîstin v.t. to love, to khurân1 v.t. to ﺧـــﻮرـــﻦ -khuren ﺧـــﻮراﻧـــﺪن like: înglîsîakân khoshyân nawîstûa ~din 199 SORANI KURDISH south; hâtinà ~e to come ﺧـــــــــــــــﻮاروو scratch .v.p. passive down, get down; khistinà ~awa v.t ﺧـﻮرێ -khure ﺧـﯚران khurân2 of khwârdin to throw down .v.t., pass) ﺧـــــﯚ -kho ﺧـــــﻮاردن khwârdin ﺧــــﻮردﻩ food; small, tiny; ~a ﺧــــﻮرد khurd carper, khurân) to eat; ~awa to drink ﺧـــﻮردﻩﮔـــﲑ small change; ~agîr (bare (foot, head ﺧﻮاس caviler khwâs request; ~-kirdin v.t. to ﺧــﻮاﺳــﺖ wool khwâst ﺧﻮری khurî v.t. to yell, shout, neigh, request ﺧــــﻮڕــــﻦ khuřîn v.t. to ﺧــــﻮاز -khwâz ﺧــــﻮاﺳــــﱳ whinny; te-~ to yell at, shout at khwâstin saddlebag want, desire ﺧﻮرج khurj ,proposal of marriage ﺧـﻮازﺑــﲎ date khwâzbenî ﺧﻮرﻣﺎ khurmâ scream, yell; ~ân engagement ceremony; ~ i X kirdin ﺧـــــــــــــــﻮرۆش khurosh -v.i. to la Y v.t. to ask Y for X’s hand in mar ﺧـــﻮرۆﺷـــ -khuroshe ﺧـــﻮرۆﺷـــﺎن scream, to yell riage: khwâzbenî i kichá la âshawân powerful, strong dakâ he asks the miller for the girl’s ﺧﻮرت khurt -suit ﺧـﻮازﺑــــﮑـﻪر pox, pockmark hand in marriage; ~kar ﺧﻮرووﮐﻪ khurûka sorrow or ﺧﻮﺳﻪ khusa khwâstin = ﺧﻮازﻦ for no good khwâztin ﺧـــﻮﺗـــﻮﺧـــﯚڕاﰃ khut-u-khořâî ـــﺎﻧـــﻪﺧـــﻮێ ~owner: khâna ﺧـــﻮێ reason, for no reason at all khwe1 ;v.t. to show, householder, home-owner, host ﺧــــــﻮ ــــــﺮدن khuyâ-kirdin avenger, seeking ﺧـﻮاـﻨـﻪﺧـﻮێ ~make obvious khwena custom; ~-girtin v.t. to become retaliation ﺧــﻮو khû salt ﺧﻮێ accustomed khwe2 ﺧــﻮــﻨــﻪﺧــﻮێ blood; ~akhwe ﺧــﻮــﻦ pig khwen ﺧﻮوگ khûg -dâku~ ,ﺧـــﻮـــــــــﻪﺳـــﺖ v.i. to get soft in water; avenger; ~bast ﺧـــﻮوﺳـــﺎن khûsân ;cease-fire ﺧــــﻮــــﻨــــﺪــــﻮژاﻧــــﺪن v.t. to zhândin ﺧـﻮوﺳــﻦ -khûsen ﺧـﻮوﺳـﺎﻧـﺪن din~ hot-blooded; ~gir ﺧـــﻮـــﻨـــﮕـــﻪرم soften in water ~garm -immediate member of a mur ﺧــﻮــﻨــﮕــﺮ hunchbacked ﺧﻮوژ khûzh sun dered man’s family; ~jimmân ﺧﻮﻩر khwar ﺧـﻮـﻨـﮑـﻪر blood pressure; ~kar ﺧـﻮـﻨـﺠـﻤـﲈن khosh = ﺧﻮﻩش khwash ;bloodthirsty ﺧـﻮـﻨـﺨـﻮا sister murderer; ~khwâ ﺧﻮﻩﺸﮏ khwayshk mortal enemy; ~rizh ﺧـﻮـﻨـﺨـﻮار God: khwâ yek a u nâbe ba ~khwâr ﺧـــــــﻮا khwâ1 bloodshedder, murderer; ~tâł ﺧــــﻮــــﲊژ ,dû God is one and is not two (an oath dull, sluggish ﺧﻮﺎڵ by God almighty”); ~bakhshîw the“ v.t. to ﺧــﻮــﻦ -khwen ﺧــﻮــﻨــﺪن late (for a deceased person); ~ḥâfîz khwen|din ;literate ﺧـﻮـﻨـﺪﻩوار good-bye; ~ḥâfîzî kirdin la call; to read; ~dawâr ﺧــﻮاــﺎﻓــﲒ illiterate; ~ar ﻧــﻪﺧــﻮــﻨــﺪﻩوار v.t. to say good-bye to; ~leykhoshbû na~dawâr reader ﺧﻮﻨﻪر ﺧـﻮاﭘـﻪ the late; ~parist ﺧـﻮا ﻟــﯽ ﺧـﯚﺷــﺒـﻮو free, at no cost ﺧﻮاﰃ God-fearing khweřâî رﺳﺖ ﺧـــﻮﺷـــﮑـــﻪزا sister; ~azâ ﺧـــﻮﺷـــﮏ whether: ~ bitawe yân natawe khwishk ﺧـﻮا khwâ2 -sis ﺧــﻮﺷــﲀﯾــﻪﰏ whether you want to or not nephew, niece; ~âyatî eager, impatient; ~ i terhood ﺧـــﻮاﺧـــﻮا khwâkhwâ girl, daughter ﮐﭻ impatient for kich winding sheet, shroud; ~ u difn ﮐـﻔـﻦ dining table kifn ﺧﻮان khwân v.t. to shroud and ﮐـﻔـﻦودﻓـﻦ ـﺮدن down; ~û kirdin ﺧــــﻮارێ down; ~è ﺧــــﻮار khwâr 200 SORANI–ENGLISH VOCABULARY bury ridden ;v.i. to crawl up ـﺸـ -kishe ـﺸـﺎن hat: ~yân chû sare “they were kish|ân ﮐـو kiłâw to ـــﺸـــﺎﻧـــﻪوﻩ window, to pass quickly; ~ân-awa ﮐـــو ﻧڕۆژـــﻪ fooled”; ~řozhina skylight draw back, go backwards, stretch: corpse; bin ~ i … chûn wak lâstîk la bar yek dakishetawa it ﮐــــــﺸــﻪ kiłesha v.i. to deceive, dupe stretches like rubber; râ-~ân to ــــﺸــــﺎﻧــــﺪن key stretch out, crawl; ~ândin ﮐ kiłeł ,ﳇﻴﻞ kilîl v.t. to drag on the ــــــﺸــــــــــــﻦ -finger; tail; pen kishen ﳇﮏ kilk -ground; to stretch; to weigh; ~ândin ﮐــــﯚ lump, clod, clump; ~ qand ﮐــــﯚ kiło to pull back; to reweigh ﺸﺎﻧﺪﻧﻪوﻩ mud awa ﮐــــﯚ ﮔــ lump of sugar, ~ gił ﻗــﻪﻧــﺪ agriculture ﺸﺘﻮﰷڵ clod kishtukâł limp, thin, light; despondent; ~î ﮐــــــﺰ manner, way: ba hîch ~èk in kiz ﳇــــــﯚج kiloj no way whatsoever despondency cold dry wind ﮐﺰﻩ wretched kizabâ ﮐﯚڵ kiłoł v.t. to cringe ﮐﺰۆﻪ ﺮدن hollow kizoła-kirdin ﳇﯚر kilor kilogram ﻴﻠﯚ commissioner kîlo ﳈﺴﻪر kimîsar young girl ﮐۆﻪ side, by the side of kîzhoła ﻦ kin collection, assembly; ~-bûnawa la ﮐـﯚ ko ﮐــــﭗوﮐــــﻪڕ deaf; silent; ~ u kař ﮐــــﭗ kip deaf: gwem kip u kara my ear’s deaf; v.i. to assemble, gather around s.o.; ~-kirdin v.t. to silence, shut up: kip- ~(wa)-kirdin v.t. to gather, collect; mân kirdin we shut them up ~bûnawa (n.) meeting, assembly -~ ;decampment, migration ﮐـــــــــﯚچ v.p. passive of kir- koch ـــﺮێ -kire ـــﺮان kirân din; ~awa to be opened: bakhtî kirâ- kirdin v.t. to leave, depart, decamp; ~ watawa he has had a stroke of luck i dwâî kirdin v.t. to pass away, die; ﮐـﯚﭼـﻰ migrant, migratory; ~î ﮐـﯚـﻪر shirt ~ar ﺮاس kirâs upripe, immature (year) of the Hegira ﺮچ kirch wooden milk bowl; concave ﮐﯚد act kod ﺮدﻩ kirda back of the neck, middle of the ﮐـــــﯚڵ behavior, act, deed koł ﺮدﻩوﻩ kirdawa v.t., passive kirân) to shoulders; burden, load; ~-dânawa) ﮐـﻪ -ka ـﺮدن kirdin do (for -kirdin compounds, see first v.t. to lay down a burden, to give up; element); ~à …awa to put s.th. in/on: ba ~’dâ dân v.t. to sling something daykamà dawrîyèk i pânawa I’ll put it over one’s shoulder: kalupalakáy ko on a flat plate; ~awa to open; ~ ba kirdawa u ba kolî’dâ dâ u wa re kawt …dâ to pick up, take away; ~ da to he gathered his things, slung them set on, put to: râwchî tânjî’yân te kird over his shoulder, and went on his u kushtyân the hunters set their dogs way; la ~ kawtin v.i. to disappear; la on it, and they killed it; hał-~ to pass ~ kirdin v.t. to throw over the shoul- porter; ~wâna ﮐـــﯚـــﮑــــــﺶ one’s life; to roll up (sleeves, pant der; ~kesh sack, back-pack ﮐﯚﻮاﻧﻪ -legs); to light (fire); hał-~awa to at column ﮐﯚﻪﮐﻪ tack kołaka lane ﮐﯚن wage kołân ﺮێ kire v.i. to boil; ~awa ﮐــــﯚڵ -koł ﮐــــﯚــــﲔ blizzard kołîn ﮐﻮﻩ kiřewa -v.t. to investigate, research; le ﮐـﯚـﻴـﻨـﻪوﻩ laborer, worker ﺮﲀر kirekâr to assemble; le~awa ﻟــــﮑــﯚﻟــﻴــﻨــﻪوﻩ křîn ~awa = ﮐﻦ kiřîn assembly, council ﻟﮑﯚﻴﻨﻪوﻩ -wormy, worm ـﺮﻣـﯚڵ worm; ~oł ـﺮم kirm 201 SORANI KURDISH ingratitude; curse ﻮﻓﺮ imperfect, pseudo- (precedes kufr ﮐـﯚـﮑـﻪ kołka eye, sight ﻮل word it modifies): ~malâ pseudo- kul -boiling, raging grief, over ـــــــــــــﻮڵ mulla, ~shekh pseudo-sheykh, ~pyâw kuł1 half-baked guy whelming sorrow; hâtinà ~ to come :society, organization; to a boil; ~ u ko raging, boiling ﮐـــــــﯚﻣـــــــﻪڵ komał ;societal, social; ~ga kułuko dâmird it went up in flames ﮐــﯚﻣــﻪﯾــﻪﰏ âyatî~ v.i. to boil; ~ândin ـﻮـ -kułe ـﻮن society ~ân ﮐﯚﻣﻪﮕﺎ gâ~ ,ﮐﯚﻣﻪﮕﻪ v.t. to boil ﻮﻦ -kułen ﻮﻧﺪن tribe, nation, republic ﮐﯚﻣﺎر komâr short ﮐﯚڵ aged, old in kuł2 ﮐــﯚﻧــﻪﺳــﺎڵ old; ~asâł ﮐــﯚن kon1 hole, lair, nest; ~-kirdin to ـــــــــــــﻮن years kun ;hole ــــــــﻮ tent make a hole, to pierce; ~â ﮐﯚن kon2 anthill ﻮﻣﻮری miserable; ~âmurî ﮐــﯚرﻩوﻩر blind; ~awar ﮐــﯚر kor owl ﻮﻧﺪﻩﺑﻮ misery kundabu ﮐﯚری î~ water sack ﻮﻧﻨﻪ gathering place, meeting place; kunna ﮐــــﯚڕ koř jar, jug ﻮﭘﻪﻪ society; group, delegation: ~èk i am- kupała boy, son ﻮڕ rîkâî châwpekawtinèkyân lagał aw kuř the ــــــﻮردﻩواری Kurd; ~awârî ــــــﻮرد ḥâkimá bûwa an American delegation kurd ;Kurdishness ــــﻮرداﯾــــﻪﰏ has had an interview with that ruler; Kurds; ~âyatî ــﻮردی Kurdistan; ~î ــﻮردﺳــــﺘــﺎن bastin v.t. to meet, hold a meeting ~istân-~ Kurdsat, the ـــــﻮردﺳـــــﺎت newborn Kurdish; ~sât ﮐﯚرﭘﻪ korpa apron Kurdish satellite broadcast network ﺑﻪرﮐﯚش ~lap; bar ﮐﯚش kosh palpitating ﻮرﮐﻪﻮرﮐ attempt, endeavor kurkakurke ﮐﯚﺷﺶ koshish ;in short ﺑـــﻪ ـــﻮرﰏ short; ba ~î ـــﻮرت v.i. to strive; te- kurt ﮐـﯚش -kosh ﮐـﯚﺷـﲔ koshîn ﭘــﺎش ــﻮ ﺗرــﻪ وــﺎﻧــــﻚ to attempt, strive pâsh ~a wichânèk ~ kiosk, pavilion; palace after a short pause ﮐﯚﺷﮏ koshk v.t. to ـــﻮرووﺷـــﮑـــﻪ ـــﺮدن hill, difficulty: ba be ~ u kurûshka-kirdin ﮐـــــﯚﺳـــــﭗ kosp kand leaving no stone unturned curl up v.t. to kill ﻮژ -kuzh ﻮﺷﱳ shackles and kushtin ﮐــــــﯚت و زﳒــــــﲑ kot u zinjîr piece; ~-kirdin v.t. to chop into ـــﻮت fetters kut ـﻮتوﻣـﺖ ﭼـﻮون pieces; ~ u mit chûn la ﮐــﯚﺗــﻪرﻩدار tree trunk; ~dâr ﮐــﯚﺗــﻪرﻩ kotara ـــﻮت tree trunk v.i. to look exactly like; ~ u piř (sudden(ly و -end; ~-henân ba v.t. to con ﮐـــﯚﰃ kotâî strike, blow; ~ pyâ mâłîn ــــﻮﺗــــﻪک clude, put an end to kutak a wooden bowl v.t. to strike: kutakèk’î pyâ mâłî he ﮐﯚﮏ kotik dove struck him ﮐﯚﺮ kotir ;v.t. to beat, strike ــﻮ -kute ــﻮن ko-kirdin kutân = ﮐﯚوﻩ ﺮدن kowa-kirdin kirân dâ-~ to drive into the ground: aw = ﺮێ -kre ﺮان krân v.t. to scratch; singá’m dâkutâ I drove that stake into ـﺮـﻦ -kren ـﺮاﻧـﺪن krândin hał-~ to scratch the ground; hał-~à sar to attack; te-~ v.t. to buy to hit, strike, poke ﮐ -kř ﮐﻦ křîn kutak = ﻮﮏ v.t.; dâ-~ to kutik ـﺮۆژ -krozh ـﺮۆﺷـﱳ kroshtin see kishtin, kuzhân ﻮژ -crunch with the teeth kuzh ,v.i. to go out ــﻮژێ -kuzhe ــﻮژان student; ~khâna kuzhân ﮐـﺘـﺎوی book; ~î ﮐـﺘـﺎو ktâw to be ــــﻮژاﻧــــﻪوﻩ library be extinguished; ~awa ﮐﺘﺎوﺎﻧﻪ ktâw extinguished, be silenced = ﮐﺘﻮ ktew 202 SORANI–ENGLISH VOCABULARY v.t. to vicious, spiteful ــﻮژــﻦ -kuzhen ــﻮژاﻧــﺪن kuzhândin stately walk, grace; ~-u-lâr ﳒـــــــﻪ extinguish; dâ-~ to extinguish, put lanja out stately, graceful walk ,loose; ~-kirdin v.t. to loosen ق lane laq ﻮوﻪ kûcha jar shake loose; shwen ~-kirdin ba to ﻮوﭘﻪ vat; ~ala ﻮوپ kûp deep, steep dislodge, displace: b’ aw hîwâyáî ﻮوڕ kûř goods, wares shwen’yân pe laq nakâ in hopes that ﻮوڵ kûtâł kuzh- he wouldn’t displace them = ﻮوژ -kûzh title, nickname ﻗﻪب where is…? laqab ﻮا kwâ laqab = ﻗﻪم where?: la ~ya? where is it? laqam ﻮێ kwe ;v.t. to shake ﻗــﻦ -laqen ﻗـﺎﻧـﺪن ken, (2) = kwe laqândin = ﻮﻦ (kwen (1 mis- sar-~ to shake the head ـــﻮـــﺮﻩوﻩر blind; ~awar ـــﻮـــﺮ kwer stork ﻗق misery; laqlaq ـــــــﻮـــــــﺮﻩوﻩری erable; ~awarî puny ڕ semi-literacy; ~âî lař ـﻮـﺮﻩﺳـﻪواد asawâd~ v.i. to shake; ~-awa to ر -lar رــﻦ blindness larîn ﻮﺮاﰃ mountainous region tremble, quiver ﻮﺴﺘﺎن kwestân to shake, tremble; ~ok رزـــــﻦ .larz|în v.i trembling: ba dangèk i ~ pey رزۆک ,la (with encl. pronouns, le) in, at from; la …-awa from; la …-dâ in, at wit he said to him in a trembling for the sake of, because of; ~ voice; zawî la zher pey’dâ dalarzî the ﺑـــﻪر labar awaî because, since, inasmuch as; ~ ground shook under his foot body ش dast i …dâ in front of, in the pres- lash army; ~-keshân v.t. to ﺷـــــﮑـــــﺮ ence of, with lashkir instead of mobilize an army ﰏ labât i piece, bit; ~-kirdin v.t. to cut ت with; ~ awaî ka (conj.) de- lat ﮔـــــــﻪڵ lagał spite the fact that, in addition to the into pieces; ~-u-pat bûn to be fact that shattered into bits; ~-u-pat kirdin to tunnel tear to pieces ﻪم lagham pasture وﻩڕﮔﺎ soldered lawařgâ ﺣـﻤﮑﺮاو laḥîmkrâw ,v.t. to pasture وﻩڕاﻧــــــــــــﺪن lawař|ândin ﮐـــﻪ spot, stain, blemish; ~dâr ﮐـــﻪ laka to pasture وﻩڕﻦ stained, spotted; ~-kirdin v.t. to graze; ~în دار ,for, in the opinion of ﻻی side; ~ i ﻻ stain lâ self-satisfied next to, near: lâ i ewâra bû it was ﺧﯚرازێ lakhorâzî -labar near evening; to: am râzá’y lâ dir = ﻣﻪڕ lamař ~ ;previously; kând he disclosed this secret to him ﻣـــﻪوﺑـــﻪر bar~ :ﻣـــﻪو lamaw at least; ~-chûn v.i. to ﻻی ﮐــــــﻪم henceforth, hereafter i kam ﻣﻪوﭘﺎش pâsh~ see mezh get away, go aside: lâ cho! get out of ﻣﮋﯾﻨﻪ lamezhîna ;obstacle here!; ~-dân v.t. to shove, push aside ﻣﻪر lampar London to remove; to take up residence: la ﻧﺪﻩن Landan anchor; balance; ~-girtin pař i shârawa lâ’yân dâ khânèk they ـــﮕـــﻪر langar v.t. to balance oneself: chona l’ am took up residence in a house on the sar dîwâr a bârîká langarî girtûa? edge of the city; to be a guest; to de- how has he kept his balance atop this viate; ~-dirân v.p. to be removed; ba between; ~t wâ ﺑــﻪ ﻻی ...هوﻩ narrow wall? ~ i …awa …don’t think that ﻻت وا ﻧﻪ nabe ﺑـــﻪﳒـــﺒـــﺎز viciousness, spite; ~bâz ﱋ lanj 203 SORANI KURDISH :boast; ~-dân v.t. to boast together; ~-dânawa v.t. to interpret ﻻف lâf flood ba shûm bo khoyân lek dâyawa they ﻻﻓﺎو lâfâw village; ~î villager interpreted it as an ill omen; ~-hâtin ﻻﮔﻪ lâga v.i. to beg, v.i. to go well together: makhmar u ﻻﻟـــــ -lâłe ﻻﻧـــــﻪوﻩ lâłân-awa beseech konadawâr lek nadahât velvet and decentralization old tent material would not go well ﻻﻣﻪرﮐﻪزی lâmarkazî at least together; ~-nân to close, put together ﻻﱏ ﮐﻪم extent; ~ i kam ﻻن lân -poor, helpless, lost the two parts of something: châwa ﻻﻧﻪواز lânawâz -cradle kânim lek-nâ I closed my eyes, kteba ﻻﮏ lânik page ká’m lek nâ I shut the book; ~birrâw ﻻﭘﻪڕﻩ lâpařa separated ﻟﮑاو leg ﻻق lâq assembler, collector ﻟﮑﯚر lekolar ﻻر و ﭘـــــﺎل crooked; ~ u pâl kawtin ﻻر lâr -assembly, collec ﻟــــﮑــﯚﻟــﻴــﻨــﻪوﻩ to fall in a heap lekolînawa ﻛﻪوﻦ disobe- tion; investigation ﻻﺳـﺎرى disobedient; ~î ﻻﺳـﺎر lâsâr v.t. to sully, muddy ﻟ ﺮدن dience leł-kirdin -interrogation, in ﻟـــﺮﺳـــﻪوﻩ corpse lepirsînawa ﻻﺷﻪ lâsha poor, wretched; punk; ~-u-lût vestigation; khistinà bar ~ v.t. to ﻻت lât ruffian, hooligan interrogate ﻻتوﻟﻮوت grief-stricken (see ﻟــــــﻘـــﻪوﻣـــﺎو out of the corner of one’s eyes: leqawmâw ﻻﺗــﲑ lâtîr ~ twâshây kirdim he looked at me out qawmân) forest ﻟ of the corner of his eyes leř downpour ﻟﺸﺎو youth, young man leshâw ﻻو lâw lip ﻟﻮ foreign lew ﻻوﻩﰽ lâwakî tree ـــﮑـــﻪدار branch, limb; ~adâr ـــﮏ skinny lik ﻻواز lâwâz handful branch ﻻوﭻ lâwech lik = ﻟﻖ partisan liq ﻻﯾﻪﮕﺮ lâyangir (roar (of a flood, oven ﻟﺮﻓﻪ، ﻟﺮف (appropriate lirf(a ﻻﯾﻪق lâyaq cloying ﻟﻴﻨﺞ necessary lînj ﻻزم lâzim lira, pound ﻟﲑﻩ see la lîra ﻟ le mud, mire ﻟﻴﺘﻪ v.t. to hit, strike, play lîta ﻟــــــــــــﺪان le: ~-dân drinking glass ﻟﻴﻮان musical instrument); to up and…: lîwân) beads strung on a string ﻟﲒﮔﻪ mâlâwâîy kird u leydâ u roysht he lîzga committee ﻟﻧﻪ said goodbye and upped and left; ~- lîzhna rumor ﻟﯚﻪت kirdin to separate, take away; ~- loghat celebration, rejoicing ﻟﯚﺎن kirdinawa to separate; pick (fruit); ~- loghân cotton ﻟﯚﮐﻪ nân bo v.t. to fix (food) for: shorbâm loka beginning of certain Kurdish ﻟـــــﯚﻟـــــﯚ bo le-nâwa I’ve fixed soup for him lolo łe- pres. stem of witin songs -a professional singer and enter ﻟــــﯚﰏ quilt lotî ﻟﻔﻪ lefa worthy, considerable tainer ﻟﻬﺎﺗﻮو lehâtû pearl ﻟﻮﻟﻮ apart, from one another; ~-bir- lulu ﻟــــﮏ lek continual ﻟـﻮورﻩﻟـﻮور growl; ~lûr ﻟـﻮورﻩ rân v.p. to be separated; ~-bûn v.i. to lûra resemble each other; to be separated; growling ,v.t. to swallow ﻟــــﻮوش ــــﺮدن bûn-awa v.i. to break into pieces; lûsh-kirdin-~ to end (hostilities); ~-dân v.t. to mix gulp down 204 SORANI–ENGLISH VOCABULARY nose; ~ ba bar kho hâtinawa without cause ﻟـــــﻮوت lût miłâz = ﻣﻪس to regret; ~ ba kho dâ hâtinawa to małâs area, region ﻣﻪﺒﻪد be humiliated; ~-chûzânawa v.i. to małband babe in ﻣـﻪﻟـﯚـﮑـﻪ malotka , ﻣـﻪﻟـﯚـﮏ be disappointed; ~-girtin v.t. to hold malotik the nose; ~-hał-kirdin v.t. to get swaddling clothes breast ﻣﻪﻣﮏ angry; ~-shikân v.i. to be disap- mamik country, realm ﻣﻪﻣﮐﻪت pointed, ashamed; ~-shikândin v.t. to mamlakat pot ﻣﻪﳒﻪڵ disappoint, to chastize; ~barz haugh- manjał stopping place, destination ﻣﻪﺰل ty, nose in the air; dast ba ~awa manzil station ﻣﻪﻗﺎم girtin to hold one’s nose maqâm sheep ﻣﻪڕ mař state, condition ﻣﻪرﻩد neg. imperative prefix: máro marad ﻣـــــــــــﻪ -má wishing, wondering; la ~ i ﻣــــﻪراق don’t go marâq neg. impt. sing. of bûn) don’t …dâ bûn v.i. to wonder about) ﻣـﻪﺑـﻪ mába ﻣــــﻪ mashed, squashed; ~în ﻣــــﻪرچ be march ;v.i. to be mashed, squashed رـــــــــــــﲔ aim, goal ﻣﻪﺑﻪس mabas v.t. to mash, squash ﻣﻪرﺎﻧﺪن mabas ~ândin = ﻣﻪﺑﻪﺳﺖ mabast ﻣــﻪرــﺰــﺎﻧــﻪ sick, ill; ~khâna ﻣــﻪرــﺰ principle marezﻣﻪﺑﺪﻩء ’mabda arm infirmary ﻣﻪﻪک machak death ﻣﻪرگ introduces an affirma- marg ﻣـــﻪﮔـــﻪر (magar (1 the late ﻣﻪرﺣﻮوم tive question to which a negative an- marḥûm promise, condition; b’ aw ~áî ﻣـﻪرج swer is expected: magar dazânî? you marj ,subj.) on condition that +) ﺑـﻪو ﻣـﻪرـﻪی don’t know, do you?; (2) introduces a negative question to which an affir- provided that center ﻣﻪرﮐﻪز mative answer is expected: magar markaz time, instance; degree ﻣﻪڕﺗﻪﺑﻪ namgut? didn’t I say so?, (3) unless: mařtaba affair, question, object ﻣﻪﺳﻪ magar bimirim, danâ daykam unless I masala battle ﻣﻪﺳﺎف die—otherwise I’ll do it masâf ﺳــﻪرﻣــﻪ ~exercise, drill; sar ﻣــﻪﺷــﻖ fly mashq ﻣﻪﮔﻪز magaz lesson ﺷﻖ magar = ﻣﻪﮔﲔ magîn -constitution; ~a ﻣــــــﻪﴍووﺗــــــﻪ Mahmud, masc. proper mashrût|a ﻣـﻪﲪـﻮود Maḥmûd ;constitutionalist ﻣـــﴩووﺗـــﻪﺧـــﻮاز name khwâz the Constitutional ﻣـــﻪﴍووﺗـــﻴـــﻪت tools, stuff, ~iyat ﺷـﺖوﻣـﻪک ~-shit-u :ﻣـﻪک mak paraphernalia Movement in Iran -drunk; ~î drunkenness, ine ﻣــﻪﺳــﺖ place mast ﻣﻪﰷن makân velvet briation ﻣﻪﲬﻪر makhmar riddle; ~-zândrân v.p. for a ﻣــﻪﺗــﻪڵ a crowded place, gathering, matał ﻣـــﻪﮐـــﯚ mako cluster riddle to be figured out to crouch on the ﻣـــــــــــــــﻪ دان bird matâ-dân ﻣﻪل mal swimming; ~-kirdin v.t. to ground in expectation, ambush ﻣــــــــــﻪ mala (edge, tip (of sword); (2 ﻣـﻪودا (swimmer mawdâ (1 ﻣﻪوان swim; ~wân mulla, religious period (of time); (3) distance: gundèk ﻣــــــﻪ małâ ,ﻣــــــﻪﻻ malâ authority i dîka habû ka mawdây la mâl i najâr dawn zor bû there was another village, the ﻣﻪﻻﮕﺪان malâbângdân -reason, cause; be~ distance of which from the carpen ﻣــــــﻪﻣــــــﻪت małâmat 205 SORANI KURDISH ter’s house was great; (4) opportunity, negotiate with, bargain with chicken ﻣﺎﻣﺮ chance: mawdâm niya biyânbînim I mâmir (uncle (paternal ﻣﺎﻣﯚ won’t have a chance to see them; la ~ mâmo teacher ﻣﺎﻣﯚﺳﺘﺎ i through, by means of mâmostâ ,.v.i. to remain; (neg ﻣــــﻦ -men ﻣــﺎن metrical, having poetic mân ﻣــﻪوزوون mawzûn meter namân) to cease to exist, to be no field, arena more; ~-awa v.i. to stay behind, be ﻣﻪﯾﺪان maydân ,grief left behind; dâ-~ to be flabbergasted ﻣﻪﯾﻨﻪﰏ maynatî possible; ~-kirdin v.t. to perplexed; râ-~ to pause, to stop and ﻣـﻪـﺴـﻪر maysar make possible, carry out think meaning, significance; ~dâr ﻣـــــــﺎ groom mânâ ﻣﻪﯾﺘﻪر maytar significant ﻣﺎدار auction, sale ﻣﻪزات mazât tired; ~-bûn v.i. to be ﻣـــــــﺎﻧـــــــﺪوو great, huge mândû ﻣﻪزن mazin mazinda tired; ~-kirdin v.t. to tire out: zorî = ﻣﻪزﻧﻪ mazina ;guess, estimate; ~-kirdin mândû kirdim it made me very tired ﻣـﻪ ﻧزـﺪﻩ mazinda ;tiredness, exhaustion ﻣــــــــﺎﻧــــــــﺪووﱙ ba v.t. to estimate at ~î farm ~nabûn kirdin la v.t. to greet ﻣﻪزرا mazrâ v.i. to stay, someone who is working ﻣـﻪزرێ -mazre ﻣـﻪزران mazrân tiredness, exhaustion ﻣﺎﻧﺪوﱴ dwell, be established; dâ-~ to be set mândwetî ﻣــﺎــﮕــﺎﻧــﻪ moon, month; ~âna ﻣــﺎــﮓ up (tent), be established, be appointed mâng ,monthly ﻣــــﺎــــﮕــــﯽ v.t.: monthly salary; ~î ﻣـﻪزرـﻦ -mazren ﻣـﻪزراﻧـﺪن mazrândin dâ-~ ba to set up (tent), appoint as, lunar cow ﻣﺎﮕﺎ establish mângâ obstinate ﻣﺎﮕﺮ kiss; ~-kirdin v.t. to kiss mângir ﻣﺎچ mâch snake ﻣﺎر as long as mâr ﻣﺎدام mâdâm marriage; ~-kirdin la v.t. to ﻣـــــــﺎرﻩ carpet mâra ﻣﺎﻓﻮور mâfûr like give in marriage to: kichaká i khoy le ﻣــــﺎــــﻪﰽ house, home; ~akî ﻣــــﺎڵ mâł family, a member of the household; mâra kird he gave him his daughter in wedding gift ﻣﺎرﻩﰃ marriage; ~î ﻣــﺎــﻪﮐــﯚڵ possessions; ~lakoł ﻣــﺎت ât~ scorpion ﻣﺎرﻩﻮڵ nomadic, vagrant, wanderer; ~werânî mârakuł autombile, car ﻣﺎﺷﻦ destruction, devastation; mâshen ﻣـــــﺎـــــﻮـــــﺮاﱏ fish; ~-girtin v.t. to fish; ~gir ﻣـــﺎﳻ chûnà ~è v.i. to go home mâsî fisherman ﻣﺎﺳﻴﮕﺮ .goodbye; ~î-kirdin la v.t ﻣــــﺎوا mâłâwâ yoghurt ﻣﺎﺳﺖ to say goodbye to mâst sinew ﻣﺎﺳﻮوﮑﻪ v.t. to strike, hit; to rub: ronî mâsûlka ﻣــﺎــﲔ mâłîn ;silent; stunned into silence ﻣـــــــــــﺎت pyâ bimâla rub some oil on it; to mât sweep; dâ-~ to take off, throw off: jil grief-stricken; shorter than others: aw i pâshâî’y la bar khoy dâmâlî she bardânaî da regat girtûa yekyân ~a threw off her regal garb; râ-~ to one of those stones you have lined up sweep away, drive off, repel; ~awa to is shorter than the others; ~î stunned take everything away, to clear; to pol- silence; perplexity; sorrow; ~-kirdin ish to checkmate; to stun into silence ﻣـﺎﺗـﻪﻣـﺰﻩدﻩ bereavement; ~zada ﻣـﺎﺗـﻪم paternal uncle mâtam ﻣﺎم mâm transaction, interaction; bereaved, grieving, mourning ﻣــﺎﻣــﻪــﻪ mâmała ,period (of time): dwâ i ~yek ﻣــــﺎوﻩ kirdin lagał v.t. to interact with; to mâwa-~ 206 SORANI–ENGLISH VOCABULARY pâsh ~yèk after a while; mâwayèk râ- ground nation ﻣﻠت bwârd a period of time passed millat ,happy, felicitous ﳑــــــﺒــــــﺎرﻩک mare mimbârak ﻣﺎﻦ mâyin female blessed ﻣ me I, me ﻣﻦ min ﻣــﮕـﻪ flock, herd; ~ a mař ﻣــﮕـﻪل megal grateful for ﻣﻪﺗﺒﺎری flock of sheep minatbâr i ﻣﻪڕ childish; ~î ﻣــﺎﻧـﻪ child; ~âna ﻣــﺎڵ calamity, catastrophe minâł ﻣﻤﻞ memil small ﻣــﺎـﯚﭼـﮑـﻪ childhood; ~ochka ﻣــﺎـﯽ man, husband ﻣﺮد merd meadow child, baby ﻣﺮگ merg tower, minaret ﻣﺎرﻩ minâra ﻣــــﺸــﻮو fly, honeybee; ~ûla ﻣــــﺶ mesh minâl = ﻣﺪاڵ mosquito mindâł snort: mingayèkî lewa dahât ﻣــﮕـﻪ brain, mind; skull minga ﻣﺸﮏ meshik mosquito u wa dar dakawt he snorted and left ﻣﺸﻮو meshûla ,yelling, screaming ﻣـــﻘـــﯚﻣـــﻘـــﯚ marma- miqomqo ﻣــــﻮﻩرۆن fruit; ~ron ﻣــــﻮﻩ mewa lade: wak mewaron labar dast i uproar duck; ~îshk ﻣـــــــﺮاوی hen; ~âwî ﻣـــــــﺮ dawlata khâwan zordârân-dâ bûn mir chicken ﻣﺮﺸﮏ they were like putty in the hands of -satiated, sated: awanda’y khwâr ﻣــ powerful nations miř host; dûa miř bûa he ate his fill ﻣــــﻮاﻧــﺪار guest; ~dâr ﻣــــﻮان mewân fight, quarrel ﻣ و ﻣﺸﺖ v.t. to host miř-u-misht ﻣﻮاﻧﺪاری ﺮدن dârî-kirdin~ frowning ﻣﯚچ raisins moch ﻣﻮژ mewizh v.t. to cause ﻣـﺮـﻦ -miren ﻣـﺮاﻧـﺪن table, desk mirândin ﻣﺰ mez turban to die; kho- ~ to play dead ﻣﺰﻩر mezar pearl ﻣﺮاری long time; la ~-a for a long mirârî ﻣــــــــــﮋ mezh ﻣـﺮﭼـﻘــﻦ -mirchqen ﻣـﺮﭼـﻘـﺎﻧـﺪن time, (+ neg. pres. perf.) it’s been a mirchqândin long time since: la ~a namdîtûyta it’s v.t. to crumple carrion ﻣﺮدار been a long time since I saw you, I mirdâr v.i. to die ﻣﺮ -mir ﻣﺮدن haven’t seen you for a long time; mirdin man ﻣﺮدۆڤ ancient, very old mirdov ﻣﮋﯾﻨﻪ la~îna dead; ba ~î dead ﻣﺮدوو his- mirdû ﻣــﮋووﻧـﻮوس history; ~nûs ﻣــﮋوو mezhû chicken ﻣﺮﺸﮏ torian mirîshk -v.i. to subside; dâ-~ to set ﻣــﺮﰷن kitchen mirkân ﻣﺪﺑﻪق midbaq Miḥimid tle down: bo chi nâmirkî why don’t ,ﶊـﺪ Miḥmid ,ﳏـﻪﻣـﻪد Miḥamad ,Mohammed, masc. proper name you settle down?; to die down (flame ﶊﺪ box, chest fire): âgir dâmirkâwa the fire has died ﳎﺮی mijrî neck; ~-nân la v.t. to head for; down; dâ-mirkândin mirken- v.t. to ﻣـــــــﻞ mil tough, bully; charlatan; quieten down ﻣــــﻠــــﻬــــﻮڕ huř~ passion, lust ﻣﺮخ obedient, subservient; la mirkh ﻣـﻠـﮑـﻪچ kach~ -man, person, one: ~èk i feu ﻣـﺮۆڤ dân v.t. to behead mirov ~ sniff; ~-kirdin v.t. to sniff; ~-u- dâl u pûldâr bûwa he was a feudal ﻣـــــ mił v.t. to sniff and wealthy man ﻣــــ و ﻣــــﯚ ــــﺮدن mo kirdin mirârî = ﻣﺮواری around looking for food mirwârî frequent ﻣﺸﻪ kho ~-dânawa v.t. to misha : ﻣــــــــــــــــز miłâz mouse ﻣﺸﮏ crouch on the ground in ambush: khoy mishik -insured; ~ kirdin to in ﻣـﺴـﯚﮔـﻪر le miłâz dâwa he crouched on the misogar 207 SORANI KURDISH bankrupt, impoverished ﻣﻮﻓﻠﺲ sure muflîs -miracle; ~yek i pâsha ﻣــــﻮﲺــــﲒﻩ fist; palm (of the hand), hand- mu‘jîza ﻣـﺴـﺖ mist ful; ~-washândin v.t. to box, hit, rozh a latter-day miracle of the Mukri region ﻣﻮﺮﱏ strike with the fist mukriyânî -Muslim; ~î Muslim ﻣــﻮﺳــﻮﳌﺎن study, contemplation musulmân ﻣﺎ mitâłâ safe, secure (ba) in, trust- ism, Islam ﻣـﻧـﻪ mitmâna accused ﻣﻮﺗﻪﻫﻪم ing (ba) in mutaham -temporary, provi ﻣـــــــﻮﻩﻗـــــــﻪت wage; expense muwaqat ﻣﺰﻩ miza -mosque sional: hikûmatèk i muwaqat i Kurdis ﻣﺰﮔﻪوت mizgawt good news tân a provisional government of ﻣﺰﮔﻦ mizgen mizgawt Kurdistan = ﻣﺰﮔﺖ mizgit depilatory ﻣﻮوﺧﯚر hair; ~khor ﻣﻮو inhaling; ~-dân v.t. to inhale: mû ﻣـــــــﮋ mizh ﻣــﻮوــﻪ wrist, ankle; ~awâna ﻣــﻮوچ èk i qûlî la jigarakáy dâ he took a mûch~ bracelet واﻧﻪ deep drag on his cigarette portion; wage; one-family ﻣــﻮوــﻪ good news mûcha ﻣﮋدﻩ mizhda -salaried, wage ﻣـﻮوـﻪﺧـﯚر brain farm; ~khor ﻣﮋی mizhî v.t. to suck earner: kâkim ~ i dawlata my brother ﻣﮋ -mizh ﻣﮋﻦ mizhîn deprived, destitute is salaried by the government ﻣﺰﻣﻪﺣﻞ mizmaḥîl .v.t ﻣـﻮوــﻦ -mûchen ﻣـﻮوـﺎﻧـﺪن roof mûchândin ﻣﭻ mîch (media to bend; dâ-~ to turn up (cuff, hem ﻣﺪ mîdyâ v.t. to ﻣـﻮوﻧــﻦ -mûnen ﻣـﻮوﻧـﺪن stripe (in cloth) mûnândin ﻣﻞ mîl (national spin (thread ﻣﻠﰏ nation; ~î ﻣﻠت mîll|at nasality, talking through the ﻣــﻨـﮕـﻪ mînga no ﻧﻪ nose na negative subjunctive prefix ﻧﻪ -legacy, heritage ná ﻣﲑات mîrât weak, feeble ﻧﻪﺑﻪﮔﻪ governmental nabaga ﻣﲑی mîrî animal that spurns its own ﻧـــــــﻪن ant nabân ﻣﲑوو mîrûla meter young; not on speaking terms: kâkim ﻣﱰ mîtr guest lemân ~a, nâmândwene my brother’s ﻣﻮان mîwân brain, marrow; ~-keshân v.t. not on speaking terms with us, he ﻣـــﯚخ mokh to bother, annoy doesn’t speak to us; ~-kirdin v.t. to staring: châwî ba molaq spurn, to disown; to turn away from ﻣـــــــــﯚق molaq pulse ﻧﻪﺰ wastâ he stood staring into space nabz oil, petroleum ﻧﻪﻓﺖ respite naft ﻣﯚﻪت mołat calamity; unlucky ﻧﻪﮔﺒﻪت candle nagbat ﻣﯚم mom ;stubborn, badly behaved ﻧــﻪﮔــﺮــﺲ frowning; hard stare; ~-bûn- nagrîs ﻣــــــــﯚڕ moř awa la to stare at mean, evil unspoken: ~ la jwâbakám ﻧــﻪﮔــﻮﺗــﻪ violet; virgin; seal; ant; ash; ~ naguta ﻣــــــﻮر mor kirdin to seal te gaysht he understood my unspoken crack in a mud wall; game answer ﻣـــــــــﯚرﻩ mora aristocratic ﻧﻪﺟﱫادﻩ piece najîbzâda carpenter; ~î carpentry ﻧﻪﺎر sorrow, worry najâr ﻣﻮ mu and not: ~ pechawânakáy and ﻧـــــﻪک shiver, shudder nak ﻣﻮﭼﮐﻪ muchiřka ,auspiciousness, good not vice-versa; dû jâr’it le birdawa ﻣــــﻮﻓــــﻪڕک mufařik omen nak se you’ve beat him twice, not 208 SORANI–ENGLISH VOCABULARY three times; ba râstî awaî tyâ chûa courage; to trip, stumble type, sort ﻧﻪوع ‘minim, nak aw really the one who naw grandchild ﻧﻪوﻩ was lost was I, not he nawa fall planting ﻧﻪوﻩﻧﺪﻩ ill, patient; kho ~- nawanda ﻧـــــــﻪﺧـــــــﯚش nakhosh v.i. to bend over ﻧﻪو -naw ﻧﻪوان khistin v.t. to pretend to be ill; ~î nawân v.t. to ﻧـــﻪوـــﻦ -nawen ﻧـــﻪواﻧـــﺪن nawândin ﻧــﻪﺧــﯚﺷــــﺎﻧــﻪ illness; ~khâna ﻧــﻪﺧــﯚﳽ hospital lower; dâ-~ to lower, bring down v.i. to cave in: bânakáy ﻧـــــــﻪوـــــــﻦ role: ~ i daraja dû yâ sey nawîn ﻧــﻪﺧــﺶ nakhsh haya it has a secondary or tertiary nawîbû his roof had caved in the vernal equinox ﻧﻪورۆز nawroz ـــ ﻧـــﻪﺧـــﺶو ﻧـــﻴـــﮕـــﺎر role; piř ~ u nîgâr poet ﻧﻪوﺷﻪﰷر poetry; ~kâr ﻧﻪوﺷﻪ beautiful nawsha ,Anosharwan ﻧــــــﻪوﺷــــــﲑوان map, plan; ~-dâ-nân v.t. Nawshîrwân ﻧـﻪﺧـﺸـﻪ nakhsha to lay a plan; ~-keshân v.t. to lay a Sassanian shah of Iran race, lineage ﻧﻪژاد plot; ~-keshânawa v.t. to draw maps, nazhâd short story ﻧﻪزﯾ make plans nazîla poetry ﻧﻪزم nazm ﻧـــﻪ -nakhshen ﻧـــﻪﺧـــﺸـــﺎﻧـــﺪن nakhshândin v.t. to draw nâ no, oh no ﺧﺸﻦ unusual, unaccustomed ﺋﺎﺳﺎﰃ a bit, a lit- nââsâî ﻧـﻪﺧـــﮏ (bit; ~è(k ﻧـﻪﺧـﺖ nakht disbelief وﻩڕی nâbâwařî ﻧــﻪﺧــﺖو ﭘــﻮﺧــﺖ tle, a while; ~-u-pukht helpless, there was nothing ـــﺎر completely: qsaká’y ~ la bardam’dâ nâchâr nâ he had his say completely he could do invisible, unseen در especially nâdyâr ﻧﻪﺧﻮازا nakhwâzâ navel ف illiterate nâf ﻧﻪﺧﻮﻨﺪﻩوار nakhwendawâr -destitute, poverty ﮔـــــــــــــﻮزوور accursed nâguzûr ﻧﻪﻻﻣﻪت nalâmat sapling stricken ﻧﻪﻣﺎم namâm ~ dishonest, unrightful; ba ــــﻪق v.t. to have nâḥaq ﻧــــﻪﻣــــﺎم ــــﺮدن namâm-kirdin unjustly ﺑﻪ ﻪق someone walled up: khân kâwrâyèkî ugly; enemy ﻪز namâm kird the khan had a man nâḥaz suddenly, all of a ﰷو walled up nâkâw, la mân sudden → ﻧﻪﻣﺎن namân depth, interior: la ~ i âkh’dâ خ grandmother nâkh ﻧﻪﻧﻪ nana disguise: la ~ in dis- inside the earth, in the grave ﻧــﻪﺳــــﻴــﻮی nanâsîwî -no; ba ~ i gyânim unwill ﻧــﻪــــﺮ guise, in secret; kho la ~ dân la v.t. nâkher to be secretly in favor of ingly ﺧـــــﯚﳽ unpleasant; ~î ﺧـــــﯚش v.t. to nâkhosh ﻧـــﻪﻗــــــﻦ -naqen ﻧـــﻪﻗـــﺎﻧـــﺪن naqândin choose, select unpleasantness horse ﺪار horseshoe; ~dâr ڵ v.t. to roar, nâł ﻧـﻪڕـﻦ -nařen ﻧـﻪڕاﻧـﺪن nařândin ,sad ر scream nâla wail, lament; ~bâr ladder, staircase lamentable ﻧﻪردﯾﻮان nardîwân -v.t. to be ﻟــــــﻦ -nâlen ﻻﻧـــﺪن narcissus nâlândin ﻧﻪرﮔﺰ nargiz custom, manner moan ﻧﻪرﯾﺖ narît pamphlet ﻣﻠﮑﻪ letter; ~îlka ﻣﻪ eglantine nâm|a ﻧﻪﺳﺘﻪڕﻦ nastařin stranger, foreign ﻣﯚ nation: ~ yekgirtûakân the nâmo ﻧــﻪﺗــﻪوﻩ natawa ,bread, food; ~-khwârdin to eat ن national nân ﻧﻪﺗﻪوﻩﰃ United Nations; ~î dry crust of ﻧـﻪرﻩق courage; ~-birdin v.t. to lose have a meal; ~araq ﺗــﻪــﺮﻩ natra 209 SORANI KURDISH deficient, incomplete; ~î ﺗــﻪواو nâtawâw ﻧـــﻪزگ baker; ~azig ﻧـــﻪوا bread; ~awâ someone who works for his board; deficiency -~ ;in despair, desperate ﺋــﻮﻣــــﺪ breadmaker, baker nâumed ﻧﻪﮐﻪر kar~ :ne- (v.t., pass. nirân nre-) to kirdin v.t. to dash someone’s hopes ن nân put, place; dâ-~ to put down, set hîwâdârim nâumedmân nakay I hope down, to compose, put together you won’t dash our hopes; ~î despair ;midst, middle; among, between و book): ktebèkî dânâwa he has writ- nâw1) ten a book; râ-~ v.t. to exhibit, show; la ~ birdin v.t. to eradicate, get rid of; le-~ bo to fix food for: shorbâm bo la ~ chûn v.i. to disappear, cease to middle; ~arok وﻩڕاﺳــــﺖ le-nâwa I’ve fixed soup for him; pe- exist; ~ařâst ;center وﻩ ﻧرـــــﺪ contents; ~and وﻩرۆک à to make it to: agar aw shawá~ وـــــﺎو central; ~châw وﻩﻧـــــﺪی bimâbâya, pemân danâyà rozh i sha- ~andî waist; ~râst وﻗـــــــــــﻪد sham if he had remained that night, forehead; ~qad -middle, center; ~châw-tur وراﺳـــــــﺖ we would have made it to the sixth v.t. to frown وﺎو ﺗﻮرﺷﺎﻧﺪن day; sar-~awa to lay one’s head shândin -fame, re وــــــﮓ name; ~bâng و down (to sleep) nâw2 renowned; ba~bâng ودار unclean, filthy nown; ~dâr ﭘﺎک nâpâk famous, well-known ﺑﻪوﮓ -unhappiness, dissatisfac ڕﻩزاﰃ nâřazâ|î at an unusual وﻩﺧــــــــــــﺎ ditto nâwakhtâ, la ڕازاﯾﻪﰏ tion; ~yatî unreadable time, unexpectedly ڕﻩوا nâřawâ -administra ﻧــﻮـﻪ newcha ,وـﻪ indirect nâwcha راﺳﺘﻪوﺧﯚ nârâstawkho unhappy, dissatisfied tive region رازی nârâzî pit: ~ a khurmâ date pit وک v.t. to send nâwik ﻧﺮ -ner ردن nârdin dial. var. for nâheł- (see ﯾــــــــــــﻪڵ -ladder nâyeł ردﯾﻮان nârdîwân (v.p. to be heshtin ردرێ -nârdre ردران nârdrân see henân ﯾﻪن -sent nâyen ;dear, cute زدار coquetry; ~dâr ز v.t. to nâz ﺳــــــﻦ -nâsen ﺳـــﺎﻧـــﺪن nâsândin introduce, make known ba ~-u-goz bakhew-kirdin v.t. to (it’s not right, it’s not proper, spoil (a child ﺷـــ nâshe tender shoot زﻻو shouldn’t nâzlâw nickname, nom de plume زو v.t. to bury in the nâznâw ﻧــﮋ -nezh ﺷـﱳ nâshtin ground, plant in the ground ne pres. stem of nân prey ﻧﲑ fine, thin nechîr ﺳﮏ nâsik negative ﻧﮕﻪﺗﭫ v.t. to know, be ac- negatîv س -nâs ﺳــﲔ nâs|în male; ~îna male ﻧﺮ quainted with, recognize; ~înawa ner nârdîwân = ﻧﺮدﯾﻮان to recognize: nâynâsîtawa nerdîwân ﺳــــــــــــﻪوﻩ nerrân = ﻧﺮدران don’t you recognize him?; ~rân v.p. nerdrân passive of) ﻧــــــﺮرێ -nerre ﻧــــــﺮران to be known, recognized; ~rân nerrân ﴎان v.p. to be known as; ~râw nârdin) to be sent ﴎان ﺑـــﻪ ba nâw, nâwcha = ﻧﻮ new ﺳــﻴـﺎر well-known, famous; ~yâr ﴎاو contents ﻧﻮﻩرۆک acquainted; newarok ﺳــﻴـﺎو acquaintance; ~yâw forehead, brow ﻧﻮﺎوان unacquainted: nanâs- newchâwân ﻧـﻪﺳــﻴـﺎو na~yâw pres. stem of nâshtin ﻧﮋ -yâwèk biydîbân if someone who nezh nagrîs = ﮕﺮﺲ didn’t know them were to see them nigrîs -secret, hidden; ~î secret, hid ﳖــــﻦ an infected sore, gangrene nihen ﺳﯚر nâsor 210 SORANI–ENGLISH VOCABULARY chickpea ﻧـــــﯚﰷو chickpea; ~âw ﻧـــــﯚک den thing; ba ~î in secret, secretly nok floor, story soup ﳖﯚم nihom ﻧـــﯚﮐـــﻪراﯾـــﻪﰏ servant; ~âyatî ﻧـــﯚﮐـــﻪر ingrate, un- nokar ﳕــﻪــﺒــﻪــﻪرام nimakbaḥarâm grateful servitude, service nouveau riche ﻧﯚﮐﺴﻪ example, sample; ~ nî- nokîsa ﳕـــــﻮوﻧـــــﻪ nimûna soft: zhûshik ba bechû i khoy ﻧــــــــــﯚڵ shân-dân v.t. to give as an example noł v.p. passive of nân dałe okhay roła narm u nołakám the ﺮێ -nre ﺮان nirân rumble, rumbling sound porcupine says to its baby, “O my ﺮﮐﻪ nirka ”v.t. to soft little one ــﺮﮐــــﻦ -nirken ــﺮﰷﻧــﺪن nirkândin colt ﻧﯚﻣﺎ grunt, to make a rumbling sound nomâ newly wed ﻧﯚﻣﺎڵ valu- nomâł ـﺮـﺪار value, worth; ~dâr ـﺮخ nirkh turn ﻧﯚرﻩ worthwhile, valuable; nora ﺑــﻪــﺮخ ~able; ba i gyân cheers, bon appetit ~ :ﻧﯚش v.t. to evalu- nosh ـﺮــﻦ -en~ ـﺮـﺎﻧـﺪن ândin~ v.t. to drink ﻧﯚش -nosh ﻧﯚﺷﺎن ate (ba as) noshân bleach ﻧﯚﺷﺎﺮ nîshân noshâtir = ﺸﺎن nishân nose ﻧﻮﻓﺖ inscription nuft ﻧﻮﺷﺘﻪ niwishta v.t. to ﻧـﻮـﺮـﻦ -nukren ﻧـﻮـﺮاﻧـﺪن need; desire nukrândin ﻧﻴﺎز niyâz (water exuded from anything carve (on wood or stone ﺰاو nizâw joke, pleasantry ﻧﻮﮐﺘﻪ low: ba dang i ~ in a low nukta ــــــــــــــﺰم nizim v.i. to disappear, be ﻧــﻮﰴ ﺑــﻮون lowliness nuqim-bûn ﺰﻣﺎﰃ voice; ~âî near; la khoy ~ khistinawa lost ـــﺰـــﮏ nizîk point ﻧﻮﻗﻪ v.t. to seat s.o. near oneself nuqta v.i.: ~awa to ﻧــﻮﺷــ -nushe ﻧــﻮﺷــﺎن fingernail nushân ﻧﯚک nînok ﻧــﻮﺷــﺎﻧــﺪﻧــﻪوﻩ April bend, be folded; ~dinawa ﻧﺴﺎن nîsân v.t. to bend, fold ﻧﻮﺷﻦ -pres. stem of nîshtin nushen ﻧﺶ -nîsh manuscript, copy ﻧﻮﲯﻪ target; trace, sign; ~-dân nuskha ﻧــــــﺸـــﺎن nîshân v.i. to sleep, go to ﻧـــﻮ -nu ﻧـــﻮﺳـــﱳ v.t. to show, give forth; ~-shikândin nustin v.t. to practice archery; ~shiken sleep tip, point: nûk a chaqo point ﻧــــــﻮوک sharpshooter nûk ﻧﺸﺎﺸﮑﻦ sign, mark; ~-girtin la of a knife; beak; whimper ﻧــــــﺸـــﺎﻧـــﻪ nîshâna now, at that time ﻧﻮوﮐﻪ to take aim at nûka ﻧﺸﺎﻧﻪ ﮔﺮﻦ whimper: am ~á la ﻧــﻮوﮐــﻪﻧــﻮوک successor nûkanûk ﻧﺸﺘﻪﺟ nîshtaje ?country, homeland; ~î chiya? what’s this whimpering for ﻧــﺸــن nîshtimân nûka = ﻧﻮوﰷ nûkâ ﻧــﺸــﻧـﭙـﻪروﻩر national; ~parwar ﻧــﺸــﱏ ﻧـﻮو -nûqe ﻧـﻮوﻗـﺎن dunked; ~ân ﻧـﻮوق patriot nûq ﻧـــــﻮوﻗـــــﺎﻧـــــﺪن v.i. to sit; dâ~ to v.i. to be dunked; ~ândin ﻧــﺶ -nîsh ـﺸــﻴـﱳ nîshtin v.t. to dunk ﻧﻮوﻗﻦ -sit down, to dwell nûqen v.t. to close, shut: châwit ﻧــــﻮوﻗــــﲔ noon, mid- nûqîn ﻧـﻴـﻮﻩڕۆ half, mid-; ~ařo ﻧـﻴـﻮ nîw midnight binûqe shut your eyes ﻧﻴﻮﻩﺷﻪو day; ~ashaw writer, author; ~ândin ﻧــــــﻮوﺳــــــﻪر Nizami (1141–1209), a nûs|ar ﻧـــــﲒاﻣـــــﯽ Nîzâmî v.t. to write ﻧﻮوﺳﻦ -nûsên ﻧﻮوﺳﺎﻧﺪن very well-known Persian poet v.t. to write; ~ânawa ﻧــــﻮوﺳــــــــﻦ -nizîk nûs|en = ﻧﲒﮏ nîzîk .v.t ﻧـﻮوس -nûs ﻧـﻮوﺳـﲔ copy; ~în ﻧـﻮوﺳـﺎﻧـﻪوﻩ ninth ﻧﯚﻫﻪم، ﻧﯚﻩم nine; ~(h)am ﻧﯚ no ,v.t. to copy ﻧـﻮوﺳـــﻪوﻩ turn; ba ~ by turn to write; ~înawa ﻧﯚﺑﻪ noba turn to transcribe; literature ﻧﯚﮔﻪ noga 211 SORANI KURDISH ba v.i. to stick grab, snatch, attack ﻧـﻮوﺳـ -nûse ﻧـﻮوﺳـﺎن nûsân eyelid ﭘﻪـﮓ to, to be stuck to, in pałg tress, leaf, branch; ~ i châw ﭘـــﻪـــﮏ ba v.t. to palk ﻧـﻮوﺳــﻦ nûsen ﻧـﻮوﺳـﺎﻧـﺪن nûsândin tress ﭘﻪﮑﻪ eyelid; ~a ﭘﻪﮑﯽ ﺎو clutch at a type of plane tree ﭘﻪـﮏ office pałk ﻧﻮوﺳﮕﻪ nûsînga v.t. to pick ﭘــﻪــﮑــــﺶ ــﺮدن heavy darkness palkesh-kirdin ﻧﻮوﺗﻪک nûtak moan up ﻧﻮوزﻩ nûza endurance: palupoy pichiřâ ﭘـﻪﻟـﻮﭘـﯚ v.t. to repre- palupo ﻧــﻮــﻦ -nwen ﻧــﻮاﻧــﺪن nwândin sent, look like; kho ~ to show oneself he couldn't take it any longer; la ~ new; ~-kirdinawa v.t. to re- kawtin to come to the end of one’s ﻧـــــــــﻮێ nwe new, to renovate endurance cotton ﭘﻪﻣﻪ bedclothes, sheets pama ﻧﻮﻦ nwen -~ ;shelter, refuge, asylum ﭘــــــــــــﻪ pres. stem of nwândin panâ ﻧﻮێ -nwen representative birdin ba v.t. to take refuge in; ~bar ﻧﻮﻨﻪر nwenar refugee ﭘﻪﺑﻪر rennet ﻧﻮﺸﮏ nweshk advice ﭘﻪﻧﺪ prayer (one of the five daily pand ﻧــﻮــﮋ nwezh cheese ﭘﻪﻧﺮ Muslim prayers); ~-khwendin v.t. to paner v.t. to be ﭘـــﻪـــﮓ ﺧـــﻮاردن perform prayer; ~-kirdin v.t. to pray pang-khwârdin pent up wonderful, rare, strange ﭘﻪﳖﺎن journey, good omen for a panhân ﺋــــــﯚﻏــــــﺮ oghir .hand; claw; ~-dân lagał v.t ﭘــﻪﳒــﻪ journey: oghrit kher bet bon voyage panja organ to fight with, contend with; ~ i kho ﺋﯚرﮔﺎن orgân -rest, calm gastin v.t. to bite one’s fingers, to ex ﺋﯚﺧﮋن okhizhn campsite press surprise ﺋﯚردووﮔﺎ camp; ~gâ ﺋﯚردوو ordû window ﭘﻪﳒﻪرﻩ autonomy panjara ﺋﯚﺗﯚﻧﯚﻣﯽ otonomî claw ﭘﻪﳒﯚﻪ panjoła papka-bastin v.t. to coil: ﭘـــﻪـــﮑـــﻪ ﺑـــﻪﺳـــﱳ pak need, necessity; amazing mârakân papkayân bast the snakes ﭘﻪک pakhsh dispersal; ~-bûn v.i. to coiled up ﭘـــــﻪﺧـــــﺶ spread out, to be dispersed pař1 side, direction: aw~ i on the ﭘــــــــــﻪڕ pakhsha publication other side of, past ﭘﻪﺧﺸﻪ pakhshân prose; dispersed; ~- pař2 feather ﭘـــﻪﺧـــﺸـــﺎن ﭘﻪڕ bûn v.i. to be dispersed, to spread pařa petal: ~ i gul rose petal ﭘﻪڕﻩ -~ ;out; ~-kirdin v.t. to scatter parasandin v.i. to be in gen- ﭘــﻪرﻩﺳــﻪﻧــﺪن kirdinawa v.t. to distribute eral use pala haste; ~-kirdin v.t. to hurry; ba pařawâza wandering, homeless ﭘــﻪ ﭘﻪڕﻩوازﻩ in haste, hurriedly ~ pařândin pařen- v.t. to ﺑﻪ ﭘﻪ ﭘــــﻪڕــــﻦ ﭘــــﻪڕاﻧــــﺪن pała1 field, farm make leap, jump; to cause to flee; to ﭘﻪﻪ pała2 stain, spot cut off part of something: am liká ﭘﻪﻪ pałahawr bird bipařena cut off this limb; to leave ﭘﻪﻪﻫﻪور palapalî confusion out: la khwendinawa’dâ khatèkit ﭘﻪﭘﻪﱃ palaqâzhe flailing the hands and pařând you left out a line in your ﭘـﻪﻗـﺎژێ feet reading; to remove: lamparim pařând palawar , palawir bird :I removed the obstacle; ~awa to save ﭘﻪور ﭘﻪوﻩر palâmâr attack; ~-dân v.t. to ;pařândûtimawa you've saved me ﭘـــــــﻪﻻﻣـــــــﺎر 212 SORANI–ENGLISH VOCABULARY dar-~ la to drive away from, to chase against the wall -regretful, sorry; ~-kir ﭘـﻪﺷــن out of; dâ-~ to shake: la dârakáwa pashîmân am sewâná’m dâpařândà khwâr I dinawa to dissuade .v.i ﭘـﻪﺷـﯚﮐـ -pashoke ﭘـﻪﺷـﯚﰷن shook these apples down from the pashok|ân ﭘـــﻪﺷـــﯚﰷو tree; râ-~ to wake up, roust out of to get upset, be terrified; ~âw terror ﭘﻪﺷﯚﰷوی sleep terrified; ~âwî approval ﭘﻪﺳﻨﺪ notebook pasind ﭘﻪڕاو pařâw -dejec ﭘـﻪﺳــﱴ low, dejected; ~î ﭘـﻪﺳـﺖ past ﭘــﻪراوــﺰێ -parâweze ﭘــﻪراوــﺰان parâwezân dejectedly ﺑﻪ ﭘﻪﺳﻪوﻩ v.t. to edit tion; ba ~îawa v.t. to stuff, cram; to ﭘـﻪﺳــﺘـﺎوـﻦ bangs pastâwtin ﭘﻪرﻪم parcham v.t. to pound beat with the feet, kick ﭘـــﻪرچ داﻧـــﻪوﻩ parch-dânawa rope, cord: pat i hîwâ kawtà ﭘـــــــــﻪت the head of a nail) flat pat1) ,cheap, insignificant bârîk the thread of hope wore thin ﭘﻪرﭼﯽ parchî glass, tumbler there was not much hope left ﭘﻪرداخ pardâkh see lat-u-pat ﭘﻪت day before yesterday pat2 ﭘﻪرێ pare potato ﭘﻪﺗﻪ v.p. passive of pa- patâta ﭘــﻪڕــﻨــﺪران pařendrân paydâ = ﭘﻪ řândin payâ message; ~-nârdin to send a ﭘـﻪم place for harvested grain payâm ﭘﻪرﺰ parez v.t. to message ﭘــــﻪرﺳــــﺖ -parist ﭘــــﻪرﺳــــﱳ paristin visible, found; ~-bûn v.i. to ﭘــﻪﯾــﺪا serve, adore, worship paydâ peri, fairy happen, to become visible; ~-kirdin ﭘﻪری parî v.i. to leap, jump; te- v.t. to find ﭘـﻪڕ -pař ﭘـﻪڕـﻦ pařîn ;investigator, researcher ﭘــﻪﳚــﯚر (la to pass by/through payjo(r ~ v.t. to rely ~î investigation, research ﭘـﻪرﻣـ -parme ﭘـﻪرﻣـﻮون parmûn promise; ~-bastin lagał ﭘــــﻪﳝــــﺎن on oneself; râ-~ to consider worthy, paymân to find s.o. capable (+ subj.) of doing v.t. to make a promise to someone -constantly, contin ﭘـﻪﯾـﺘـﺎ ﭘـﻪﯾـﺘـﺎ something paytâ-paytâ scattered; ~ u bilâw kirdin- uously ﭘــﻪرش parsh connection, relation ﭘﻪﯾﻮﻩﻧﺪ v.t. to scatter, let paywand ﭘـﻪرش و ﺑـﻼو ـﺮدﻧـﻪوﻩ awa sheep ﭘﻪز loose: kichá qizh’î parsh u bilâw paz sorrow, worry ﭘﻪژارﻩ kirdawa the girl let her hair fly loose pazhâra v.t. to pound; dâ-~ to split ﭘـــﺎـــﲔ answer, response pâchîn ﭘﻪرﺳﭫ parsiv book from top to bottom ﭘﻪرﺗﻮک partuk -reward; ~-dânawa to re ﭘـﺎداﺷـﺖ v.t. to pâdâsht ﭘــــــﻪروﻩردﻩ ــــــﺮدن parwarda-kirdin raise, rear (flocks, herds) ward pure, clean; ~-kirdin v.t. to ﭘـــــــــــﺎک opportunity pâk ﭘﻪرژ parzh broadcast, widespread clean ﭘﻪڕژ pařzh side; back; inside: la ~ khoy’dâ ﭘــــــﺎڵ relation; business pâł ﭘﻪرژﻦ parzhîn v.i. to be tûřaya he’s angry inwardly; ~-dân ﭘـــﻪرژێ -parzhe ﭘـــﻪرژان parzhân busy v.t. to push: nâbizue: wara dagalmân to be pleas- pâl da it won’t budge: come push ﭘـﻪﺳـﻪﻧـﺪ ﺑـﻮون pasand-bûn la ing to with us; ~-dânawa v.t. to lean back, :v.t.: hał-~ rest; ~-dân ba v.t. to lean against ﭘـﻪﺳــﺮ -paser ﭘـﻪﺳـﺎردن pasârdin ba ...awa to lean against: bel ba ~im ba dîwârawa dâ I leaned against dîwârawa hałpasera lean the shovel the wall; ~-kawtin v.i. to lie down; ~ 213 SORANI KURDISH pewa nân v.t. to push; la ~ a kho’dâ portune; ba ~ i in account of; ~ pewa for one’s own part, on one’s own be- nân v.t. to get a move on, to hightail half it out; dang i ~yek the sound of a -champion, hero; ~etî footstep; ~ la kawsh’(d)â bûn to in ﭘـــــﺎـــــﻪوان pâławân heroism sist, to be firm: peyèkit la kawsh’â bet ﭘﺎﻪواﻧﻴﻪﰏ iyatî~ , ﭘﺎﻪواﻧﱴ pelâw u aw pekát nakirdibe ba jey bela be = ﭘﺎ pâłâ backing, support firmly resolved, stick to your guns ﭘﺎﺸﱴ pâłpishtî postposition) see ba; ~… wâ) ﭘــــــــــ overcoat pe3 ﭘﺎﺘﺎو pâłtâw :wide, broad, shallow bûn to think, be of the opinion that ﭘﺎن pân last year pem wâ bû I thought so; pey wâ bû ﭘﺎر pâr money diz u regirin he thought they were ﭘﺎرﻩ pâra v.i. to beg, be- robbers and brigands ﭘـــــﺎڕێ -pâře ﭘـــــﺎڕان pâřân -cmpd. vb. element, see under ver ﭘـ seech pe4 ,la v.t. to bal element: pe-gayshtin, pe-kanîn ﭘـــﺎرـــﺰ -pârez ﭘـــﺎراﺳـــﱳ pârâstin protect from, keep pe-wîstin see under chûn ba ﭘﭽﻮون pârastin pe-chûn = ﭘﺎرازﻦ pârâztin :v.t. to force, oblige ﭘــــــــﮑــــﺮدن avoidance, abstaining; am- pe-kirdin ﭘــــﺎرــــﺰ pârez bush; ~-birdin v.t. to ambush; ~-chûn pe’yân kirdim aw kârá bikam they v.i. to wait in ambush; ~-kirdin v.t. to forced me to do it; to fool; to light (v.p. to be pro- (fire); dast ~ (+ inf.) to begin (doing ﭘــــﺎرــــﺰران abstain; ~rân reverse, opposite; ba ﭘـــﻪواﻧـﻪ defender, pro- pechawâna ﭘـﺎرـﺰﻩر tected, kept; ~ar on the contrary ﺑﻪ ﭘﻪواﻧﻪوﻩ wa~ ﭘـــﺎرـــﺰﮔـــﺎر tector, defence lawyer; ~gâr ;v.t. to fold, wrap ﭘــﭻ -pech ﭘـــﺎن protection; ~î- pechân ﭘــــــﺎرــــــﺰی protector; ~î v.t. to protect hał-~ v.t. to roll up ﭘﺎرﺰی ﺮدن kirdin v.p. to be ﭘــﭽـﺮێ -pechre ﭘــﭽـﺮان morsel pechrân ﭘﺎروو pârû guard; ~î surveillance wrapped ﭘﺎﺳﻪوان pâsawân piedmont plain ﭘﺪﻩﺷﺖ after (prep); ~-kawtin to fall pedasht ﭘــــــﺎش pâsh paydâ = ﭘﺪا behind, be backward; ~-khistin v.t. to pedâ pewîst = ﭘﺪاوﺴﺖ delay; to neglect, ignore; ~ awaî (ka) pedâwîst prophet ﭘﻐﻪﻣﻪر after (conj.); la ~’â afterwards; ~a- peghamar together, in order; ~-ânîn v.t. to ﭘــﮏ pek ﭘـﺎﺷـﮑـﻪوﺗـﻮو future; ~kawtû ﭘـﺎﺷـﻪرۆژ rozh left-over; la- accomplish, to reconcile; ~-biřrân ﭘـﺎﴰـﻪﻧـﻪ backward; ~mana henceforth v.i. to be suitable: to u aw kirâsá ﻣﻪوﭘﺎش ~maw back of the skirt; hind leg daley pek biřrâwin it’s as though you ﭘﺎﺷﻪڵ pâshał king, prince and that shirt were made for each ﭘﺎﺷﺎ pâshâ leg (of an animal) other; ~-gayshtin v.i. to meet, see ﭘﺎﺷﻮ pâshu rank each other; ~-hâtin v.i. to agree, get ﭘﺎﯾﻪ pâya -~ ;(autumn along together; to consist (la of ﭘﺎﺰ pâyiz ,portion, section; document henân v.t. to put together, produce ﭘﺎژ pâzh ﭘــﮑـﻪوﻩ adj.) (1) fasting: min amřo peyim accomplish; to reconcile; ~awa) ﭘـ pe1 I’m fasting today; (2) on hand: pûl’it together; ~awa-nân v.t. to shut, close peya? do you have any money on (book, eyes), to stick together; rek u ordered, arranged رﮏوﭘﮏ ~ hand?; (3) lit (fire): âgir peya the v.i. to laugh ﭘﮑﻪﻧﲔ fire’s lit pe-kanîn v.t. to hit with an ﭘــﮑـ -peke ﭘــﲀن foot; ~-dâ-girtin v.t. to insist, im- pekân ﭘـ pe2 214 SORANI–ENGLISH VOCABULARY ~ ;dân see ba …awa dân ~ :ﭘــــــﻮﻩ arrow or bullet, hit the mark pewa shoes girtin see ba …awa girtin ﭘو pełâw -contact, link; ~-girtin la ﭘــــﻮﻩﻧــﺪ eyelid pewand ﭘﯚ peło identity, identity card gał v.t. to form a link with ﭘﺎس penâs v.t. to measure ﭘﻮ -pew ﭘﻮان la ~ i ...’dâ for, for the sake pewân :ﭘـــﺎو penâw unseen, invisible ﭘﻮار of: la penâw i âzâdî’dâ khom bakht pewâr measure, rule ﭘﻮدان akam I’ll risk my life for the sake of pewdân -ne ﭘــﻮـﺴــﱴ necessary; ~î ﭘــﻮـﺴـﺖ freedom pewîst fifth; ~sham- cessity ﭘــــﻪم five; ~am ﭘـــﺞ penj pe2 = ﭘﯽ Thursday pey ﭘﺠﺸﻪﳑﻪ ma .v.t ﭘـﭽــﻦ -pichiřen ﭘـﭽـاﻧـﺪن pedestrian; sidewalk; pro- pichiřândin ﭘــــــــﻩو peřaw gram to break, break apart ,v.t. to break ﭘــﭽــ -pichiř ﭘــﭽــ ــﻦ pare pichiřîn = ﭘﺮێ pere :before, ahead; ~ awaî (ka) be- cut; ~-awa la to sever relations with ﭘــﺶ pesh fore (conj); ~-girtin ba v.t. to kâkim la ema pichiřîwatawa, hâtu- prevent: la chûn pesh’yân pe girtim chû’mân nâkâ my brother has severed they prevented me from going; ~- relations with us—he doesn’t come to girtin la v.t. to stand in front of; ~- see us; hał-~ to force a cover off v.p. to be ﭘـﭽـێ -pichiřre ﭘـﭽـان kawtin v.i. to advance, go forward, pichiřrân get ahead of: peshmân kawtûn they broken, snapped little, tiny ﭘﭽﯚک have gotten ahead of us; dânà ~ to pichok puff; ~-kirdin v.t. to puff, blow ﭘﻒ drive forward pif finger, toe ﭘﻞ foreword pil ﭘﺸﻪک peshak plan ﭘﻼن leader pilân ﭘﺸﻪوا peshawâ pilaf, cooked rice ﭘو piłâw ﭘــﺸــﻴـــﺎن former, olden; ~îân ﭘــﺸـﲔ peshîn tiger ﭘﻠﻨﮓ the ancients, ancestors, forefathers piling ,v.i. to be mashed ﭘـــﺸـﺎﻧـﻪوﻩ present, gift; ~-kirdin piłîshâ|nawa ﭘــﺸـﮑـﻪش peshkash v.t. to ﭘـــﺸـﺎﻧـﺪﻧـﻪوﻩ ba v.t. to present to; ~-krân v.p. to be squashed; ~ndinawa presented squash eyelid ﭘﻠﮏ advanced, progres- pilk ﭘــﺸـﮑـﻪوﺗـﻮو peshkawtû full; for compounds, see next ــــــــــــ sive piř la , ــــﲀ la ~èk’á , ــ ~ guerilla, freedom element; la ﭘــــﺸــﻤــﻪرﮔــﻪ peshmarga suddenly, all at once; ~ la ــــــدا fighter ~dâ proposed, suggested; …awa full of; ~-bûn la to be angry ﭘــــﺸــﲊاو peshnirâw proposal with: let piřim: mamdwena I’m angry suggestion; ~-kirdin with you: don’t speak to me; ~’î ﭘــــﺸــــــﺎر peshnyâr v.t. to suggest pe’dâ kirdin v.t. to snatch away; ~âî midst, middle: la piřâî i âwakádâ ــاﰃ suggestion; ~-kirdin ﭘــــﺸــــــﺎز peshnyâz v.t. to suggest in the middle of the water; majority: early, untimely piřâî i khałkaká hât the majority of ﭘﺸﻮﻩﺧﺖ peshwakht greeting: hât ba peshwâz the people came ﭘــﺸـﻮاز peshwâz bridge ﺮد i merdakáyawa she came to greet her pird whinny, snivel ﻣﻪ husband; ~î kirdin v.t. to receive piřma ray ﺮﺷﻨﮓ skin pirshing ﭘﺴﺖ pest la v.t. to ask ﺮس -pirs ﺮﺳﲔ capital pirsîn ﭘﻪﺧﺖ petakht 215 SORANI KURDISH old age; the act of going out to ﭘـــــــﲑی .question; ~-kirdin la v.t ـﺮﺳــﻴـﺎر pirsyâr to ask s.o. greet a superior; ba ~î i …awa hâtin haste; ba ~ hâtin to rush to come/go out to greet و piřtâw Piranshahr, a town in ﭘــﲑاــﺸــﺎر piece Pîrânshâr ﺮﺗﻮک pirtuk small sack Iranian Kurdistan ﺮﺳﮑﻪ piryâska happy, blessed, auspicious ﭘﲑۆز v.i. to be scattered, sprin- pîroz ـــــژان piřzhân ﭘــــﺲ ﮔــﺎل dirty, filthy; ~ gâl-dân ﭘــــﺲ kled; hał-~ to grapple; to squirt: pe’m pîs v.t. to stir up filth; dil ~-kirdin la دان le nâ, quř u lîta’m pe hałpirzhâ I put my foot in it and mud squirted up all v.t. to suspect the worst of trade, craft ﭘﺸﻪ over me pîsha trace; ~-dân v.t. to show ﭘﺸﺎن v.t. to pîshân ـژـﻦ -piřzhen ـژاﻧـﺪن piřzhândin letter of the alphabet ﭘﺖ scatter, sprinkle, squirt pît bit, little bit ﭘﺖ و ت v.i. to break, snap pît u lat ﺴﺎن pisân onion ﭘﻴﻮاز kitten pîwâz ﺸﻴ cat; ~la ﺸﯽ pishî weft ﭘﯚ v.t. to po ـﺸـﮑـﻦ -pishkin ـﺸـﮑــﲔ pishkinîn (flock (of birds ﭘﯚل examine pol -grade: la pol i penjam i ibtidâ ﭘــــــﯚڵ back; reliance; generation; ~ poł ــﺸــﺖ pisht ba khwâ for God’s sake; ~ bastin ba î’dâ in the fifth grade of elementary v.t. to click on; ~-dân v.t. to run school; group, squadron steel ﭘﯚ away; ~-dân-awa v.t. to calm down: połâ ~-cock’s comb, forelock; lik-u ﭘـــﯚپ biro ~ i khot’î le bidawa go calm pop branches and twigs ﮏوﭘﯚپ ~ ;down; ~-girtin v.t. to help, protect ;hair (on the head); partridge ﭘــــــــــﯚڕ hał-kirdin v.t. to turn away in anger; poř wide, broad ﭘﺎنوﭘﯚڕ ~ kirdin ba v.t. to rely on; ~ te-kir- pân u-~ v.t. to wear, put ﭘـﯚش -posh ﭘـﯚﺷـﲔ din v.t. to turn the back on, ignore; ~- poshîn behind; ~î on ـﺸــﱴ astûr complacent; ~ i chic; happy; ~-kirdinawa ﭘـﯚﺷــﺘـﻪ solid, firm, poshta ﺑــﻪــﺸــﺖ ~bolster; ba ــﺸــــﱴ strong v.t. to dress in fine clothes .skin, peel; ~-girtinawa v.t ﭘـــﯚﺳـــﺖ gunpowder sack; type of post1 ـﺸــﺘـﺎو pishtâw pistol to peel: post i am khayârá bigirawa stable peel this cucumber ﺸﺘﺮ pishter post, mail; ~ i alîktronî ﭘــــــﯚﺳــــــﺖ breath; ~-dân v.t. to take a post2 ــــﺸــــﻮو pishû e-mail ﭘﯚﺳﱴ ﺋﻪﻟﻴﮑﱰۆﱏ breath remains of a decayed ــــــﺮووﺳــــــﮏ expert prûsk ﺴﭙﯚڕ pispoř feeling corpse ﺴﻮو pisû v.t. to nibble ﺮووﺷﻪ ﺮدن strong, firm prûsha-kirdin ﭘﺘﻪو pitaw the month of Cancer ﭘﻮﺷﭙﻪڕ earlier; more pushpař ﭘﱰ pitir money ﭘﻮوڵ doctor, physician pûł ﮋﺸﮏ pizhîshk v.t. to store ﭘﻮوڕ ﺮدن sneeze pûř-kirdin ﮋﻣﻪ pizhma skin ﭘﻮوس v.i. to sneeze pûs ﮋم -pizhm ﮋﻣﲔ pizhmîn dried grass ﭘﻮوش pizhîshk pûsh = ﺰﺸﮏ pizîshk weight equal to sixteen kilos ﭘﻮوت pilân pût = ﭘﻴﻼن pîlân pe’(d)â = ﭘﻴﺎ woman, pyâ ﭘـــــــﲑﻩک old, aged; ~ak ﭘـــــــﲑ pîr cup ﭘﻴﺎﻪ old man; ~azhin pyâła ﭘـﲑﻩﻣــﺮد wife; ~amerd walk, stroll; ~-kirdin v.t. to ﭘــﻴــﺎﺳــﻪ old woman; ~î pyâsa ﭘـــﲑـــﮋن ezhin~ ,ﭘـــﲑﻩژن 216 SORANI–ENGLISH VOCABULARY grave, tomb ﻗﻪور take a stroll, go for a walk qawr scissors ﻗﻪﯽ manhood, qaychî ﭘـــﻴـــﺎوﻩﰏ man; ~atî ﭘـــﻴـــﺎو pyâw ;(impediment; link (in a chain ﻗــﻪﯾــﺪ manliness, generosity; ~ a gawrakân qayd dignitaries ~e nâkâ never mind, it doesn’t matter judgeship, judiciary ﻗﻪزاوﻩت onion qazâwat ﭘﻴﺎز pyâz leg; har ~èk kirdin ba duân ﻗــــــﺎچ qâch thick v.t. to run as fast as one can: kichá har ﻗﻪﺑﻪ qaba acceptance; ~-bûn v.i. to be qâchèkî dakâ ba duân the girl runs as ﻗـﻪﺑـﻮوڵ qabûł acceptable; ~-kirdin v.t. to accept, fast as her legs will carry her; ~ khis- agree to tinà sar … v.t. to step on; ~ râ- mountainside keshân v.t. to stretch out the legs ﻗﻪدﭘﺎل qadpâl ;smuggling, contraband ﻗـــﺎـــﺎخ closet, storeroom qâchâkh ﻗﻪﻓﻪزﻩ qafaza smuggler ﻗﺎﺎﺧﭽﯽ crowd ~chî ﻗﻪﻪﻟﻎ qałabâłigh carpet ﻗﺎﱃ pen qâlî ﻗﻪﻪم qałam finger, finger joint ﻗﺎﻣﮏ velar- qâmik ﻻﱉ ﻗــﻪــﻪو ~ fat; lâm i ﻗــﻪــﻪو qaław qe- v.i.: hał-~ da to get stuck ﻗـــﺎن ized l qân fortress on: dâwenim d’ aw bizmârá hałqâ my ﻗﻪﻪ fort; ~ycha ﻗﻪ qałâ extermination skirt got stuck on that nail ﻗﻪﻻﭼﯚ qalâcho dish ﻗﺎپ chain of rocks on a moun- qâp ﻗــﻪــﺒــﻪز qałbaz shell, hollow shell ﻗﺎﭘﻠﮏ waterfall qâpelk ﻗﻪﺒﻪزﻩ tain; ~a door, gate ﻗﺎﭘﯽ v.i. to split, crack qâpî ﻗﻪﻟﺸﲔ qalishîn paper ﻗﺎﻗﻪز crack, split qâqaz ﻗﻪﻟﺸﺖ qalisht heroism ﻗﺎرﻩﻣﺎﱏ hero; ~î ﻗﺎرﻩﻣﺎن gallows qâramân ﻗﻪرﻩ qanâra -mush ﻗـﺎرـﮏ mushroom; ~ik ﻗـﺎرچ hał-~ v.t. to uproot, dig qârch :ﻗــــﻪﻧــــﺪن qandin up, get out room saddlehorn ﻗﺎرﭘﯚز hał-~ qârpoz :ﻗــﻪﻧــﺪرێ -qandre ﻗــﻪﻧــﺪران qandrân melon; lampshade ﻗﺎرﭘﻮز v.p. to be uprooted, dug up qârpuz time: hazâr ~ jwântir a thousand ﻗـﺎت nearness, vicinity; kho nadân qât ﻗـــﻪرﻩ qara la ~ i … not to get anywhere near times more beautiful rumor; ~ dâ-khistin v.t. to ﻗـــــــــــــﺎو qalabâligh qâw1 = ﻗﻪرﻩﺦ qarabâłikh edge, outskirts spread a rumor ﻗﻪراخ qarâkh dish, plate, container ﻗﺎو butcher qâw2 ﻗﻪﺳﺎب qasâb coffee ﻗﺎوﻩ intention; la ~ intentionally qâwa ﻗﻪﺳﺖ qast meat fried in small ﻗـــــــﺎورﻣـــــــﻪ absolutely qâwirma ﻗﻪت qat murder pieces ﻗﻪﺗﻞ qatl v.i. to agree to ﻗﺎﯾﻞ ﺑﻮون ﺑﻪ phonograph record; ~- qâyil-bûn ba ﻗـــــــــــــﻪوان qawân ba ~ quick, fast, hard : ﻗﺎﱘ khwendinà gwe i … v.t. to harp on qâyim ﻗـﺎزاﻧـﻪﺳـﻪر pot, cauldron; ~asar ﻗـﺎزان the same theme to, to keep repeating qâzân into s.o.’s ear bogey man profit; ~-kirdin v.t. to make ﻗــﺎزاﱋ accepted, acceptable qâzânj ﻗﻪوﯾﻞ qawîl v.i. la to a profit ﻗــﻪوﻣــ -qawme ﻗــﻪوﻣــﺎن qawmân cadi, Islamic judge ﻗﺎزی have something wrong or bad happen qâzî -revulsion: ba ~ u bezawa with re ﻗــﺰ to: wak ley naqawmâbe wâ bû it was qez as though nothing bad had happened pugnance small fortress, castle ﻗﻪ to him qiłâycha 217 SORANI KURDISH nonsense ﻗﯚڕ v.i. to split; qoř ﻗـــﺶ -qiłîsh ﻗـــﺸـﺎن qiłîshân rumble, rumbling sound ﻗﯚڕﻩ dâ-~ to split from top to bottom qořa v.t.; ~awa to snatch ﻗـﯚز -qoz ﻗـﯚزـﻦ v.t. qoztin ﻗـــﺸــﻦ -qiłîshen ﻗـــﺸـﺎﻧـﺪن qiłîshândin to split, be split; dâ-~ to be split from out of the air: topaká’m hałdâ, la ha- top to bottom wâ qoztîawa I threw the ball up and waterpipe, long-stemmed he caught it in mid air ﻗـــﻠـــﻴـــﺎن qilyân words, speech, story; ~-pe-birîn ﻗـﺴـﻪ smoking pipe qsa buttocks v.t. to interrupt: ba tundî qsaká’m pe ﻗﮓ qing upright, upturned biřî u gutim I quickly interrupted him ﻗﺞ qinj patience and said; ~-kirdin v.t. to speak, to tell ﻗﻴﺎت qinyât sound of cracking, splinter- a story ﻗــﺮــﻪ qircha ing; ~-kirdin v.t. to splinter qtâw = qutâb qabûl = ﻗﻮﺑﻮوڵ v.i. to melt (fat over fire); qubûł ﻗــﺮــﺎن qirchân mountain peak ﻗﻮ awa to sting, hurt; hał-~ to be qula-~ (.crane (zoo ﻗﻮﻪﮓ heated over fire, sizzle, shrivel up qułang ~sensitive (of the ear); gwe ﻗـﻮخ v.t. to qułâkh ﻗـﺮــﻦ -qirchen ﻗـﺮـﺎﻧـﺪن qirchândin heat fat, grease; to make something bûnawa v.i. to listen attentively lock; ~-kirdin v.t. to lock ﻗﻮﻒ shrivel up over heat; ~-awa to cau- qułf draught, drink: ~e âw a drink of ﻗـﻮم terize qum a shout for joy water ﻗﺮﯾﻮﻩ qirîwa mud; ba ~ girtin v.t. to seal with ﻗـﻮڕ peep, chirp quř ﻗﺮﺗﻪﻗﺮت qirtaqirt v.t. to cut mud: mâlit ba quř gîre “may your ﻗـ ﺗﺮــﻦ -qirten ﻗـﺮﻧـﺪن qirtândin (with scissors), to tear with the teeth; house be mudded up,” damn you -sacrifice; (vocative) qúr ﻗـــﻮرن to crack (seeds with the teeth) qurbân crab bân sir, sire; ~î-kirdin labar pe i ﻗﺮژاﮓ qirzhâng cute …dâ v.t. to sacrifice for the sake of ﻗﺸﺖ qisht .v.t ﻗـﻮرــﻦ -qurchen ﻗـﻮرـﺎﻧـﺪن v.t. to eliminate qurchândin ﻗﺖ ﺮدن qit-kirdin hair (on the head) to swallow; dâ-~ to swallow, gulp ﻗﮋ qizh the kiblah, the direction of Is- down ﻗــﺒـ qîbla throat ﻗﻮرگ lamic prayer qurg piastre ﻗﻮرۆش spite qurosh ﻗﲔ qîn (lead (metal ﻗﻮڕﻗﻮﴌ tar, pitch; ~rezhî-kirdin v.t. to quřqushim ﻗــــــــﲑ qîr heavy, weighty ﻗﻮرس cover with tar qurs footstool of a throne ﻗﻮرش erect, in order; kho ~-kirdin v.t. qursh ﻗــﺖ qît frog ﻗﻮرواق to put oneself in order, straighten one- qurwâq short, brief ﻗﻮت stylish; ~ u qut ﻗــــــﺖوزﯾـــﺖ self up; ~ u zît ;student ﻗـــــــﻮﰉ book; ~î ﻗـــــــﻮب tall and elegant qutâb ﻗﺖوﻗﯚز qoz school ﻗﻮﲞﺎﻧﻪ qî- ~khâna ﻗـــاﻧـــﺪن cry, scream; ~ândin ﻗـــ qîzh ,v.t. to beat, strike ﻗــﻮ -qute ﻗــﻮن v.t. to scream qutân ﻗﻦ -zhen arm, sleeve; ~ hał-mâlân v.t. to hit ﻗــــﯚل qol small box; small lamp ﻗﻮﺗﻴ roll up one’s sleeves, get to work in qutîla = ﻗــﻮوــــﻦ -qûchen ﻗــﻮوــﺎﻧــﺪن earnest qûchândin qonâkh qûjândin = ﻗﯚغ qonâgh v.t. to ﻗــﻮوــــﻦ -qûjen ﻗــﻮوــﺎﻧــﺪن lodging, place to stay the qûjândin ﻗـــــﯚخ qonâkh night; historical event close together (eyes, fingers) 218 SORANI–ENGLISH VOCABULARY v.t. to rouse رﻩت داﻧﻪوﻩ depth: la ~ i rat-dânawa ﻗــــﻮوﰃ deep; ~âî ﻗــــﻮوڵ qûł nomad رﻩوﻩﻧﺪ dilawa kâr’î kirdûa he labored from rawand v.t. to allow رﻩوا دﯾﱳ depth rawâ-dîtin ﻗﻮوﯽ the bottom of his heart; ~î herd: ~ a asp herd of horses رﻩوگ fruit basket rawg ﻗﻮوﻴﻨﻪ qûłîna manner رﻩوﺷﺖ rawisht ﻗـﻮوﱏ ﻗـﻪم anus, butt; ~ i qalam ﻗـﻮون qûn v.i. to shy, run away رﻩوﻦ stub of a pencil rawîn -face, mien, aspect; ~girân dul رﻩزا Constanti- razâ ﻗــﻮوﺳــــﺘــﻪﻧــﺘــﻪﻧــﻴــﻪ Qûstantaniya nople lard -agreement, accept رﻩزاﻣــﻪﻧــﺪی razâmandî root; ~-birînawa v.t. ance رﻩــﻪــﻪک rachałak -the month of Libra (Sep رﻩزﺑــــــﻪر to uproot, eradicate razbar (observation; ~-kirdin v.t. tember 23–October 22 رﻩــــﺎو rachâw -stingy, tightfisted; ~î stingi رﻩزﯾــــــﻞ to observe razîl friend, comrade ness رﻩﻓﻖ rafîq view, opinion را vein, root râ رﻩگ rag -cmpd. vb. agent; see under the ver را -râ زﻩﮔـﻪزاﯾـﻪﰏ origin, race; ~âyatî رﻩﮔـﻪز ragaz racism bal element: râ-bwârdin, râ-girtin, râ- wanderer, nomad hâtin, râ-henân, râ-keshân, râ-wastân رﻩﻫﻪﻧﺪﻩ rahanda to be awakened, roused; la راﺑـﻮون v.i. to râ-bûn رﻩﺧــﺴــ -rakhse رﻩﺧــﺴــﺎن rakhsân come into existence khaw ~ to be roused from sleep last, past: rozh i shamma راـــﺮدوو râbirdû رﻩﺧـﺴــﻦ -rakhsen رﻩﺧـﺴـﺎﻧـﺪن rakhsândin v.t. to bring about accidentally i ~ last Saturday; la chand sada i ~’dâ herd; ~kî common, ordinary over the last several centuries رﻩﻣـــــﻪ rama râbirdû = راﺑﻮردوو people), of the common herd râburdû) to wake ـﻪو راـﻪﻧـﲔ color; ~-dân da/la to hap- râ-chanîn, la khaw رﻩـــــــﮓ rang1 pen to; ~-dânawa to bleed (as color from sleep with a start ,v.t. to choose راـــﺎو ـــﺮدن onto a fabric); ~dânawa i … bûn v.i. râchâw-kirdin to be in accordance with; ~-hałbizir- select, elect degree, extent: tâ ~yèk to an رادﻩ kân v.i. to lose color, go pale; ~hałbi- râda ?pale, “white as a extent; tâ chi ~yèk to what extent رﻩــﮓﻫــﻪــﱫرﰷو zirkâw communications رﮔﻪﻧﺪن colorful râgayândin رﻩﮕﲔ sheet” (with fright); ~în comfortable راﻫﻪت râhat +) رﻩــﮕــﻪ ﮐــﻪ possible; ~ a ka رﻩــﮓ rang2 solution; salvation راﻫﯽ subj.) it’s possible that râhî v.t. to run رﺮدن pain, suffering; ~-dân to take râ-kirdin رﻩﱋ ranj ;shepherd, herdsman راﻣــــــــــــــــﺎر pains; to go to trouble; to suffer râmyâr stiff; ~ hał-hâtin v.i. to be statesman, politician رﻩق raq herd ران frozen stiff; ~-kirdin v.t. to freeze; ~- rân1 leg, thigh ران madness rân2 رﻩقوﻫﺸﮑﯽ ﺳﻪر u-hîshk i sar v.t. to drive; to رــــــﻦ -ren راﻧــــــﺪن hard, stoney ground rândin رﻩﻗﻪن raqan (pure, pure-blooded throw (stones رﻩﺳﻪن rasan errand, charge راﺳﭙﺎردﻩ dust storm; râspârda رﻩﺷـــﻪ black; ~abâ رﻩش rash charge, commission راﺳﭙﺮی black tent, nomadic tent; râsperî رﻩﺷــــﲈڵ mâl~ right, correct, true; ~-bûnawa راﺳـﺖ clad in black râst رﻩﺷﭙﯚش posh~ ;the month of Pisces to get up; ~-bûnawa la to loom over رﻩﺷـــــﻪﻣـــــﻪ rashama truth: ~y bo darkawt راﺳــﺘـﻪﻗــﻨـﻪ February 20– March 20) ~aqîna) 219 SORANI KURDISH wayfarer رـﺒﻮار the truth dawned on him; ~awkho rebwâr marmalade رﺎر rechâr ,رﺎڵ straight, direct: ~ biro go rechâł راﺳــــــﺘـــﻪوﺧـــﯚ ;path of a swarm of insects رـﭽـﮑـﻪ actually, rechka ﺑــﻪراﺳــــﱴ straight ahead; ba ~î really, frankly; dast i ~ right hand; ~î ~-bastin v.t. to swarm (of insects); ~ truth hał-kirdin v.t. to send out a swarm راﺳﱴ -~ ;road, way; la ~ i…awa via رـﮕـﻪ salary, stipend: ~ dadre ba rega راﺗـــــــــﺐ râtib darskhwen u kârkar i dawlat stipends girtin ba v.t. to stop, make halt: pâsa- are given to students and government wân rega’yân pe girt the guards workers stopped him; ~-kutân v.t. to travel; ;road; ~ i âsin railroad رﮕﺎ theological student’s stipend regâ راﺗﻮ (râtu(a highway robber, bandit رﮕﺮ v.t. to explain regir راوﻩ ﺮدن râva-kirdin -~ ;smooth, organized, correct رــــﮏ prey, hunt; ~-kirdin v.t. to hunt; rek راو râw ~-nân v.t. to hunt down, track down: kawtin v.i. to go well, to be smoothly; polîs râwî nây the police tracked you ~-kawtin lagał v.i. to arrange with; ~- -khistin v.t. to rub together; to organ راوﻩڕـﻮی ﻫــﻨـﺎن down; ~ařewî-henân bo -~ ;v.t. to foxhunt; to sidetrack; ~ashaw ize; to make up; to make a truce ﺑـﯚ -hunter, kirdin v.t. to smooth, arrange; ~kew راوﭼـــﯽ night hunt; ~chî راوﻩﺷـــﻪو hunter; ~- u- tin arrangement, agreement; ~-u-pek راوﮐــــﻪر out hunting; ~kar arranged, in order رﮏوﭘﮏ hunting راووﺷﲀر shikâr ~ chance, accident: ba رــــﮑــــﻪوت speaking (lagał with), man- rekawt راوـﮋ râwezh ner of speaking by chance, by accident leader; ~î-kirdin v.t. to رـــﻨـــﻮـــﻦ idea, plan renwen رای rây rug lead راﯾﻪخ râyakh ~ crossroads; chance: ba رـــــــــﻩو conversation; story reřaw راز râz v.i. to be embel- tûshî bûm I met him by chance رازێ -râze رازان râz|ân wound, wounded رﺶ v.t. resh رازــﻦ -râzen رازاﻧــﺪن lished; ~ândin way رێ و ﺷﻮﻦ to reushwen رازاﻧـــﺪﻧـــﻪوﻩ to embellish; ~ândinawa guide رﻮان adorn, embellish rewân fox رﻮی embellished, decorated rewî رازاوﻩ râzâwa rîz = رﺰ satisfied, content; lakho~ rez1 رازی râzî respect; ~-girtin la v.t. to show رــــﺰ self-satisfied rez2 ﺧﯚڕازی -re رــــﺰﻟــــــــﮕــــﲑاو way, road; ~-dân v.t. to admit, respect for; ~legîrâw رێ re respected, eminent ﺑﻪرﺰ ~allow in; ~-girtin v.t. to commit high- spected; ba pres. stem of ristin رﺰ way robbery; ~-kawtin la to chance rez-3 bit, little bit; la ~ i ...dâ equal رـــــﺰﻩ upon: ~m l’ aw jegâyá kawt I chanced reza upon that place; ~ te-chûn to be pos- to: kichim la reza i kuř i aw’dâya my sible; ba ~ kirdin v.t. to escort out/ daughter is equal to his son pres. stem of rishtin رﮋ -away; ba ~wa birdin v.t. to lead, rezh -gram رـﺰﻣـﺎﱏ grammar; ~î رـﺰﻣـﺎن manage, administer; ba ~wa kawtin rezmân to get under way, hit the road; birdi- matical elder ردﺴﭙﯽ nà ba ~wa to carry out, execute; la ~ i ridenspî shelf رف by way of, through, via rif رﻰ rif = رﲿﻪ the month of Aquarius rifḥa رـﺒـﻪﻧـﺪان rebandân stirrup رﮐﻒ January 21– February 19) rikef) spear رم leader, guide rim رـﺒﻪر rebar 220 SORANI–ENGLISH VOCABULARY line, rank: rîz i lashkir i duzhmin رــﺰ v.t. to rîz2 رﻣــــــــﻦ -rimen رﻣــــﺎﻧــــﺪن rimândin destroy enemy army ranks; ~-kirdin v.t. to dâ-~ v.t. to shed (skin, line up, arrange :رن rinân rozh = رۆ clothes) ro window, skylight: ~akán رۆﭼــــــﻦ v.t. to scratch with the finger- rochin ﻧرـــــﲔ rinîn nails; ~-awa ditto; qizh-~awa to pull bikaynawa let’s open the windows child رۆﻪ the hair out roła story رۆﻣﺎن român رﻗــــﻪﺑــــﻪر spite, spitefulness; ~abar رق riq oil, grease, fat رۆن ron رﻗـــﻪﺑـــﻪراﯾـــﻪﰏ spiteful rival; ~abarâyatî -intel رۆﺷــــﻨــــﲑ bright; ~bîr رۆﺷــﻦ spiteful rivalry roshin butt of a joke lectual, enlightened; ~-kirdin v.t. to رﺷﻘﻪﳒﺎر rishqanjâr (v.t. to pour; ~awa light, turn on, start (machines رــﮋ -rezh رﺷــﱳ rishtin Rustam, the legendary رۆﺳــــﺘــﻪم to pour, cast (metal), to stir up Rostam رﺷــــــﻪوﻩ trouble; dâ-~ = dâ-rizhândin; hał-~ champion of Iran ,v.i. to go (away رۆ -ro رۆــﺸــﱳ to shed (tears) royshtin line, dog collar off), leave رﺳﺖ rist daily; ~(h)alât رۆژاﻧــﻪ day; ~âna رۆژ noodle; sentence rozh رﺳﺘﻪ rista east, orient, dawn: rozhałât i رۆژﻫـــﻪت (v.t. to spin (thread رﺰ -rez رﺳﱳ ristin v.i. to be green (of a field) nâwrâst the Middle East; ~hałâtnâs روان riwân رۆژاوا orientalist; ~âwâ روژﻫـــــﻪﺗـــــﻨـــــﺎس mien رواﻪت riwâłat -one day; ~nâ رۆژــﮑــــﺎن v.i. to rot; dâ-~ to be over- west; ~èkyân رزان rizân newspaper; ~nâmanûs رۆژﻣـــــــــــﻪ cooked; to rot and fall to pieces ma journalist رۆژﻣﻪﻧﻮوس /v.t. to make رزــﻦ -rizen رزاﻧــﺪن rizândin days, time: la ~ân i رۆژﮔــــــــــــــﺎر let rot rozhgâr saved, rescued; ~-bûn v.i. to kon’dâ in olden times; fate رزﮔـﺎر rizgâr fasting; ~-girtin to fast رۆژوو be saved, to escape: rizgâryân bû they rozhû v.i. to روﺧـــــــــ -rukhe روـــــــــﺎن were saved, they escaped; ~-kirdin rukhân v.t. to rescue, to save: tanyâ to dat- collapse v.t. to روــﻦ -rukhen روـﺎﻧـﺪن wânî l’ am balâyá rizgârmân bikay rukhândin only you can save us from this catas- destroy, pull down .permission; ~-dân v.t روﺧــﺴــﻪت trophe; ~î salvation, liberation, res- rukhsat .liberationist; to give permission; ~-khwâstin la v.t رزﮔــــﺎرﳜــــﻮاز cue; ~îkhwâz rescuer, savior to request permission of رزﮔﺎرﮐﻪر kar~ face روﺧﺴﺎر v.i. to pour out, be poured rukhsâr رژان rizhân rûnâk = روک out; dâ-~ to pour down, fall down runâk ;obviousness; hypocrisy رواــــﻪت v.t. to pour ruwâłat رژـﻦ -rizhen رژاﻧـﺪن rizhândin out; dâ-~ to pour, mold; lay (founda- ba ~ obviously face, aspect, mien; ~-dân v.t. to روو tion) rû miserliness, stinginess happen, occur; ~-dân ba yek v.t. to رژدی rizhdî ,rishtin frown; ~-kirdin rwaw v.t. to face = رژﻦ rizhtin ,tape recorder turn toward; ~-kirdinà … to face رﮑﯚردﻩر rîkordar bird droppings head for (s.o., s.th.); ~ ba ~ i face to رﯾﻘﻪ rîqna beard; ~-tâshîn v.t. to shave face with, opposite; ~ i dam kirdinà رﺶ rîsh root … v.t. to turn to face …; ba ~ kho’dâ رﺸﻪ rîsha small, tiny henân to reveal; khistinà ~ v.t. to رﺰ rîz1 221 SORANI KURDISH v.t. to ﺳــﻪﮔــﻪﺳــﻪﮔــﻪ ــﺮدن bring to light, to reveal; l’ am ~áwa sagasaga-kirdin in this respect play ’possum مرووﻩوﻩ confused, perplexed; ~î ﺳــﻪــت river saghlat روور rûbâr confusion ﺳﻪﰏ event روودڕاو rûdiřâw field ﺳﻪﺣﺮا event, incident saḥrâ رووداو rûdâw hard, difficult ﺳﻪﺧﺖ frowning sakht رووﮔﺮژ rûgirzh bench ﺳﻪﮐﯚ v.t. to sako رووﮐــــــﻦ -rûken رووﰷﻧـــﺪن rûkândin heart attack; ~-kirdin v.t. to ﺳـﻪﮐـﺘـﻪ scratch sakta cover have a heart attack رووﰷر rûkâr رۆى ﺳـــــﻪ ~ resurrection; ro i ﺳـــــﻪ cheerful; ~î cheerful- sałâ رووﺧـــــﯚش rûkhosh ness doomsday healthy; ~î health; ba ﺳـــﻪﻻﻣـــﻪت cheek salâmat رووﻣﻪت rûmat bright, clear; ~-kirdin v.t. to ~î in good health روون rûn v.t. to ﺳـﻪـﻤــﻦ -sałmen ﺳـﻪـﲈﻧـﺪن explain sałmândin intel- prove, to accept رووـــﺒـــﲑ bright; ~bîr رووک rûnâk ﺳـﻪـﻤــﲊێ -sałmenre ﺳـﻪـﻤــﲊان brightness sałmenrân رووﰽ lectual; ~î page v.p. to be proven رووﭘﻪڕ rûpař -salpen ﺳـﻪـﭙـﺎﻧـﺪن oar; ~ândin ﺳـﻪـﭗ v.i. to be scratched; ~din sałp رووﺷـــﺎن rûshân v.t. to row ﺳﻪﭙﻦ v.t. to scratch رووﺷﻦ -rûshen رووﺷﺎﻧﺪن single, unmarried; ~azalâm ﺳــــﻪــــﺖ naked; ~alî sałt رووﺗـــــــﻪل naked; ~al رووت rût a solitary traveler on foot ﺳﻪﺘﻪزﻩﻻم nakedness رووﺗﻪﱃ fruit ﺳﻪﻣﻪر frowning, with a sour samar رووڵ rûtâł amazing: shitèk i sayr u ﺳــﻪﻣــﻪرﻩ expression samara wasteland, desert ~ya it’s something amazing; toil رووﺗﻪن rûtan dance; ~-kirdin v.t. to dance ﺳﻪﻣﺎ toward samâ روﻩو rwaw patient, calm ﺳﻪﻣﺎس v.i. to grow, sprout: samâs روێ -rwe روان rwân samovar ﺳﻪﻣﺎوﻩر tokaî chândim rwâ the seed I planted samâwar v.t. to take, take ﺳــــﻦ -sen ﺳــﻪﻧــﺪن standpoint, view- sandin رواــﮕــﻪ sprouted; ~ga point hold of, get, buy v.i. to ﺳـــﻪـــﮕـــ -sange ﺳـــﻪـــﮕـــﺎن v.t. to look; ~à ... to look sangân رواﻧــــــﲔ rwânîn ﺳـﻪـﮕــﻦ -sangen ﺳـﻪـﮕـﺎﻧـﺪن at: rwânîyânà min they looked at me; weigh; ~din hał-~ ba to look something over from v.t. to weigh, evalute; hał-~din to top to bottom, to give s.o. the “once- evaluate, assess heavy ﺳﻪﮕﲔ over” sangîn chair ﺳﻪﻧﻨﻪﱃ sannalî ;v.i. to be imposed, forced ﺳـــﻪﭘـــﺎن sag sapân = ﺳﻪ sa -v.t. to im ﺳـﻪﭘــﻦ -sapen ﺳـﻪﭘـﺎﻧـﺪن hour, clock, o’clock: la ~ (i) ~din ﺳـﻪـﺎت sa‘ât chwâr-dâ at four o’clock pose dangerous: pyâwèk i saqat ﺳــﻪﻗــﻪت concerning, about, saqat ﺳـﻪرﻩت ﺑـﻪ sabârat ba in terms of a— nâwerim bichimà lây he’s a dan- tobacco pipe gerous man—I don’t dare go near him ﺳﻪﺑﻴﻞ sabîl Saqqez, a town in Iranian ﻗــــــﻪﻗــــــﺰ hundred; ~a century Saqiz ﺳﻪد sad trip; ~-kirdin v.t. to travel Kurdistan ﺳﻪﻓﻪر safar watercarrier, waterseller ﺳﻪﻗﺎ dog; ~ i pe-sûtâw wandering saqâ ﺳــــــﻪگ sag -head (verbal expressions involv ﺳـﻪر aimlessly sar 222 SORANI–ENGLISH VOCABULARY ing sar are given below; for all other shâr it has come to my mind to go to compounds, see alphabetically): ~ âw town beginning of spring ﺳﻪرﻩﺑﻪﻫﺎر chûnawa v.i. to go to the bathroom; ~ sarabahâr :head, chief, president ﺳــــــــــــﻪرﻩک bilind-kirdinawa v.t. to rebel; ~ dâ- sarak nwândin ba to bow the head to; la ~ sarak wazîrân prime minister; ~î main, chief ﺳﻪرﻩﰽ dân v.t. to decapitate; ~ dar-henân in the end, finally ﺳﻪرﺋﻪﳒﺎم v.t. to appear: gyâ sar’î darhenâwa sar’anjâm in addition to ﺳﻪرﻩڕای the plants have appeared; to stick the sarařâ i headstrong ﺳﻪرﻩڕۆ head out: sar’î la panjara darhenâ sarařo beginning ﺳﻪرﻩ she stuck her head out of the window; saratâ upward ﺳﻪرﻩوﻩ kho hâtin v.i. to recover; ~ la far- sarawa ~ (guardian (of a child ﺳﻪرﻩوﮔﺮد mân i … hał-pechân to disobey; ~ la sarawgird headed down ﺳﻪرﻩوﺧﻮار re dân v.t. to disappoint: sar’mân la sarawkhwâr headed down ﺳﻪرﻩوژﺮ re’t dâya you’ve disappointed us; ~- sarawzher headed up ﺳﻪرﻩوژوور birdin v.t. to spend (time); ~ cha- sarawzhûr government building ﺳﻪرا mândin v.t. to lower the head, to give sarâ -from head to foot, com ﺳـــــﻪراﭘـــــﺎ up, submit; ~-dar-chûn la v.i. to sarâpâ understand: sarim le darnâche I don’t pletely spring ﺳﻪراو understand; ~-dâ-nawândin v.t. to sarâw ,well-known ﺳــــﻪرﺑــــﻪدﻩرﻩوﻩ lower the head; ~-dân la v.t. to visit, sarbadarawa go to see; ~-gum-kirdin v.t. to get famous -independent; ~î inde ﺳـﻪرﺑـﻪﺧـﯚ excited; ~-hał-girtin v.t. to break the sarbakho reins; ~-keshân v.t. to peek; ~ khis- pendence headed ﺳـﻪرﺑـﻪرﻩوژـﺮ(ه) (tinà ~ v.t. to tease: saryân khistà sar- sarbaraw|zher(a headed ﺳـــﻪرﺑـــﻪرﻩوژوورﻩ (mân they teased us; ~-khulânawa v.i. down; ~zhûr(a to be dizzy; kirdinà ~… v.t. to im- up ,honorable, respected ﺳــــﻪرﺑــــﻪرز pose on, charge with: pâshâ dakâtà sarbarz sar âshawân kichaká’y bidâtè the with one’s head held high free, independent; ~î ﺳـــﻪرﺑـــﻪﺳـــﺖ king forces the miller to give him his sarbast daughter; ba ~ kirdinawa v.t. to visit; freedom, independence roof ﺳﻪرن le-shewân v.i. to be helpless, in dis- sarbân ~ soldier; ~î military ﺑﻪرز tress; ~-nânawa v.t. to lay one’s head sarbâz proud ﺳﻪرﺑﻠﻨﺪ down (to sleep): dabûâya sarî be sarbilind shortcut: ~ royshtim, zû ﺳــــــﻪرــــــ shew binetawa he would have had to sarbiř lay his head down without supper; gayshtim I took a shortcut and got ~pechî-kirdin v.t. to be obstinate; ~- here early adventure ﺳﻪرﺑﻮرد spârdin ba v.t. to rely totaly upon: sarburd adventure ﺳﻪرﺑﻮوری sar’im pe daspere she relies totally sarbûrî -~ ;source, spring ﺳــــــﻪرــــــﺎوﻩ upon me; ~-tâshîn v.t. to have a hair- sarchâwa cut; ~udar dar-kirdin la v.t. to un- girtin la v.t. to originate with leadership of a ring ﺳـــﻪرﭼـــﯚﭘـــﯽ derstand: l’ am kârá sarudar darnâ- sarchopî kam I don’t understand this; ba ~ dance ﺳـﻪردﻩﻣــﮏ (moment; ~è(k ﺳـﻪردﻩم hâtin v.i. to happen; birdinà ~ v.t. to sardam temporary ﺳﻪردﻩﻣﯽ spend (time); hâtinà ~ v.i. to think, to all at once; ~î ﺳـﻪردﻩﺳــﺘـﻪﰽ sleeve; ~akî ﺳـﻪردﻩﺳـﺖ come to mind: hâtûtà sarim bichim bo sardast 223 SORANI KURDISH desultory, superficial ﺳﻪرﭘﯚت standing (doing something normally sarpot lid ﺳﻪرﻗﺎپ done seated or lying down): ~ tifang’î sarqâp caravan leader ﺳﻪرﻗﺎﻓﭼ hâwîsht he fired the rifle standing sarqâfilachî stubborn ﺳﻪررﻩق visit to sarraq ﺳﻪرداﱏ sardân i in addition; by the by; on the ﺳـﻪررا leader, chief sarrâ ﺳﻪرر sardâr lifetime way ﺳﻪرﻦ saren expertise ﺳﻪررﺷﺘﻪ head- sarrishta ﺳـﻪرـﺸـﺎن sareshân ,ﺳـﻪرـﺸـﻪ saresha bareheaded, schoolchild ﺳﻪررووت ache sarrût flighty, empty-headed ﺳﻪرﺳﻪری perplexity sarsarî ﺳﻪرﮔﻪرداﱏ sargardânî perplexed, dumbfounded ﺳﻪرﺳﺎم amusing sarsâm ﺳﻪرﮔﻪرﻣﮑﻪر sargarmkar humiliated ﺳﻪرﺷﯚڕ lazy, drunk sarshoř ﺳﻪرﮔﺮان sargirân amazement: ba ﺳـــﻪرﺳـــﻮڕﻣـــﺎن adventure sarsuřmân ﺳﻪرﮔﻮروﺷﺘﻪ sargurushta event sarsuřmânawa gutim I said with ﺳﻪرﻫﺎت sarhât scrutiny, investigation; ~- amazement ﺳــــــﻪرﱋ sarinj ﺳـــــــﻪ barber; ~khâna ﺳـــــــﻪرش dân la to scrutinize, investigate close- sartâsh barbershop رﺷﺎﻧﻪ -ly; ~ râ-keshan v.t. to attract the at unrivaled (in beauty or ﺳــــﻪ ﺗرــــﯚپ attractive sartop ﺳﻪرﳒﺮﮐﺶ tention; ~râkesh pillow bravery): l’ am nâwá’dâ ~a he is ﺳﻪرﻦ sarîn collection, ensemble, al- unrivaled in these parts ﺳــﻪرــﻪم sarjam form, shape ﺳﻪروﮔﻮﻼک sarugwelâk ﺳـــﻪ together; ba ~ together with; ~gal leader; ~î leadership ﺳﻪروﻩر community sarwar رﻪﻣﮕﻪل altogether ﺳﻪرﯾﻪک successful, having saryek ﺳـــﻪرﮐـــﻪوﺗـــﻮو sarkawtû earth, land ﺳﻪرزﻩوی attained one’s desire, having made an sarzawî all talk and no action ﺳﻪرزارﻩﰽ trium- sarzârakî ﺳـﻪرﮐـﻪوﺗـﻮواﻧـﻪ achievement; ~âna talk, speech ﺳﻪرزاری phantly sarzârî census ﺳﻪرژﻣﺎری drunk sarzhimârî ﺳﻪرﺧﯚش sarkhosh basket ﺳﻪوﻩ commander, leader; ~aî sawa ﺳـﻪرـﺮدﻩ sarkird|a -commerce, trade; love; ec ﺳــــﻪودا leadership, command; ~âyatî sawdâ ﺳـﻪرـﺮدﻩﰃ -afflicted with ecze ﺳـــــــﻪوداﰃ leadership zema; ~î ﺳﻪرﺮداﯾﻪﰏ president ma; violently in love ﺳﻪرﮐﯚﻣﺎر sarkomâr slowly: ~ qsa bika speak ﺳــــــــــــﻪور reproach, rebuke sawr ﺳﻪرﮐﯚﻧﻪ sarkona stupid slowly ﺳﻪرﻮﺮ sarkwer green ﺳﻪۆز distressed sawz ﺳﻪرﻟﺸﻮاو sarleshewâw sag = ﺳﻪی lesson; hâtinà ~ to say ﺳــﻪرﻣــﻪﺷــﻖ sarmashq automobile ﺳﻪرﻩ serve as an example sayâra hunter ﺳﻪﯾﺪﻩوان cold, coldness; ~-khwârdin saydawân ﺳـﻪرﻣـﺎ sarmâ -sayyid, title borne by descen ﺳـﻪﯾـﺪ v.t. to catch cold sayid the month of Sagit- dants of the Prophet Muhammad ﺳـــﻪرﻣـــﺎوﻩز sarmâwaz -~ ;strange, odd: ~a that’s odd ﺳـﻪـﺮ tarius (November 22–December 21) sayr famous, well-known kirdin v.t. to look: sayr i amá ka look ﺳﻪرس sarnâs !at this ﺳـــﻪرۆﰷﯾـــﻪﰏ leader; ~âyatî ﺳـــﻪرۆک sarok ﺳـﻪـﺮاـﮕـﻪر outing, trip; ~gar ﺳـﻪـﺮان leadership sayrân chief, head excursioner, tourist ﺳﻪرﭘﻪرﺷﺖ sarparisht then, so ﺳﺎ obstinate, refractory sâ1 ﺳﻪرﭘﭻ sarpech shadow; na bikay na bikhoy, har ﺳـــــﺎ brimful sâ2 ﺳﻪر sarpiř 224 SORANI–ENGLISH VOCABULARY ﺳـــ و دوو tamâshâ i sâ i gardinî bikay you waffle; be seudû lekirdin without hesitation ﻟﮑﺮدن wouldn’t be able to do anything or eat shadow ﺳﻪر anything, you’d just look at the shad- sebar gallows ﺳﺪارﻩ ow of her neck (an expression for be- sedâra flood, deluge ﺳو ing mesmerized by beauty) sełâw apple ﺳﻮ soap sew ﺳﺎﺑﻮون sâbûn .dawn; ~-dân v.t. imprs ﺷــــﻪﺑــــﻪق simple shabaq ﺳﺎدﻩ sâda -for dawn to break: wirda wirda sha ﺳـــﺎﻏـــﯽ whole, hail, healthy; ~î ﺳـــﺎغ sâgh health; ~-bûnawa to reach a conclu- baqî dadâ little by little dawn was sion, come to an end breaking tired; ~î exhaustion ﺷﻪﮐﻪت straightforward shakat ﺳﰷر sâkâr -shikând = ﺷﻪﰷﻧﺪ -fabricated, false shakând ﺳﺎﺧﻪ sâkhta person, personage ﺷﻪﺧﺲ building shakhs ﺳﺎﺧن sâkhtimân ~ steeped; la khwen ﺷــــــــــــــــــﻪڵ year; ~gâr a long period of time shałâł ﺳﺎڵ sâł fear: sâm’î le nîsht he was steeped in blood ﺳــــــــــــــﺎم sâm match ﺷﻪﻣﻪ frightful; shamcha ﺳـﺎﻣــﺎک gripped by fear; ~nâk Saturday ﺷﻪﳑﻪ shamma ــﺳــﺎم ~fearful, terrible; piř ﺑــﻪﺳــﺎم ~ba ﺷـﻪﻣـﺸـﻪ bat; ~kwera ﺷـﻪﻣـﺸـﻪﻣـﻪ fearful, frightful shamshama bat ﻣﻪﻮﺮﻩ (clear (sky, weather ﺳﺎﻣﺎڵ sâmâł winnowing ﺷﻪن sitândin shan = ﺳﻦ -sen ﺳﺎﻧﺪن sândin slap ﺷﻪپ tree trunk shap ﺳﺎﻗﻪﺗﻪ sâqata wave ﺷﻪﭘﯚڵ cold; ~î coldness; ~î u garmî i shapoł ﺳــﺎرد sârd slap, kick; ~ hał-dân ba to ﺷــــــــﻪق zhyân dîtin to have much experience shaq in life kick; ba ~ pe-kirdin to kick around: bandage ba shaq tarâten i hawshaká’yân pe ﺳﺎرﻏﯽ sârghî healed; ~-bûn v.i. to heal kirdim they kicked me all around the ﺳـــﺎڕـــﮋ sâřezh (wound) courtyard; ~-birdin v.t. to crack, split; Sassanian to go to pieces, to fly into a rage ﺳﺎﺳﺎﱏ Sâsânî flutter, sound of a bird’s ﺷــــــﻪﻗــــــﻪ time, moment; la dwâ ~ i aw shaqa ﺳــــــــﺎت sât rozhá in the aftermath of that day wing in flight; dân la ~ i bâl v.t. to v.t. to rub, wear flap the wings ﺳــــﺎو -sâw ﺳــــﺎوان sâwân street ﺷﻪﻗﺎم down shaqâm big step ﺷﻪﻗﺎو poor, beggarly shaqâw ﺳﺎوﯾﻠﮑﻪ sâwîlka shaqa = ﺷﻪﻗﻘﻪ because shaqqa ﺳـﺎﯾـﻪى shadow; la ~ i ﺳـﺎﯾـﻪ sâya -~ ;fight; ~-kirdin v.t. to fight ﺷــــﻪڕ of, on account of shař -musical instrument; happy; nânawa v.t. to stir up war; ~ajwen ﺳـــــــــــــﺎز sâz .v.t ﺷــﻪڕﻩﺟــﻮــﻦ ــﺮدن دﻩﮔــﻪڵ kirdin dagal ﺳــ ﻧﺎزــﺪﻩ wealthy; ready; baggage; ~inda ﺷـــﻪ musician; ~-kirdin v.t. to construct; to exchange curses with; ~agařak ,war between city quarters ڕﻩﮔـــــــــﻪڕﻩک krân la v.p. to be constructed of-~ hostile ﺷﻪڕاﱏ civil war; ~ânî ﺑـﯚ ﺳــﺒـﻪﯾـ tomorrow; bo ~e ﺳــﺒـﻪﯾـﲎ sbayn|î :shame, embarrassment ﺷــــــــــــﻪرم the next morning, tomorrow morning sharm ;sbaynî sharm girtimî I was embarrassed = ﺳﺒ sbene embarrassed ﺷﻪرﻣﻪزار third; ~sham- ~azâr ﺳـــﻬـﻪم three; ~ham ﺳـ se pants, trousers ﺷﻪرواڵ Tuesday; ~-u-dû-(le) kir- sharwâł ﺳــﺸـﻪﳑـﻪ ma sixth ﺷﻪﺷﻪم six; ~am ﺷﻪش to hesitate, shash ﺳــ و دوو (ﻟــ) ــﺮدن .din v.t 225 SORANI KURDISH dialect ﺷﻮﻩزوان to tie up tight ~zwân ﺷﻪﺗﻪک دان shatak-dân very small valley ﺷﻮﻩﻪ tonight; shewała ﺋـــﻪﻣـــﺸـــﻪو ~night; am ﺷـــﻪو shaw v.i. to be in ﺷـــﻮێ -shewe ﺷـــﻮان by shewân ﺷــﻪوێ banquet; ~è ﺷــﻪوــﻪرﻩ chara~ ﺷـــﻮـﻦ -shewen ﺷـــﻮاﻧـﺪن all night long distress; ~din ﺷﻪوﮔﺎر night; ~gâr Satan, the devil v.t. to cause distress ﺷﻪﯾﺘﺎن shaytân shîwâz = ﺷﻮاز capital; ~rag shewâz ﺷـﺎـﺸـﲔ king; ~nishîn ﺷـﺎ shâ cave ﺷﮑﻪﻓﺖ artery shikaft ﺷﺎرﻩگ v.i. to break ﺷﮑ -shke ﺷﲀن wing feather shikân ﺷﺎڵ shâbâł v.t. to ﺷــﮑــــﻦ -shken ﺷــﲀﻧــﺪن happy; ~î joy, rejoicing; ~-bûn shikândin ﺷــﺎد shâd v.i. to rejoice at seeing someone from break, to vanquish, to dishonor hunting ﺷﲀر whom one has been separated shikâr mountain crag ﺷﮑ gaity, joy shikeř ﺷﺎدﻣﺎﱏ shâdimânî matches ﺷﺎﺗﻪ overjoyed, about to shikhâta ﺷـﮔـﻪﺷـﮑـﻪ shâgashka shikaft = ﺷﮑﻔﺖ faint from joy shikift defeat; ~-henân v.t. to ﺷـــﮑـــﺴـــﺖ witness shikist ﺷﺎﻫﻴﺪ shâhîd mountain; horn defeat; ~-khwârdin v.t. to be defeated ﺷﺎخ shâkh -loose, weak, flabby; wet, wa ﺷــــــــﻞ a square of woolen cloth shil ﺷﺎﻴﻨﻪ shâłîna I wish (+ past cond.) shâłłâ tery; ~-kirdin v.t. to loosen, untie (a ﺷــﺎــ shâłłâ bíhâtîtâya I wish you had come knot); ~~-kutân v.t. to beat to a pulp: shoulder; ~-dânà bar v.t. to shilshil kutâyânim they beat me to a ﺷـــــــﺎن shân undertake pulp v.i. to ﺷــﻪژێ -shiłazhe ﺷــﻪژان v.t. to show shiłazhân ﺷﺎن دان shân-dân stage get confused ﺷﺎﻧﯚ shâno splash ﺷپ pride; ~-kirdin ba v.t. to shiłâp ﺷــﺎزی shânâzî a type of tulip ﺷﻠﻠﺮ take pride in shiller splat, splash; (meta.) very ﺷــــــﭙـــﻪ urbane, citi- shiłpa ﺷــــﺎرﻩزا city; ~azâ ﺷــــﺎر shâr fied; ~azâ la knowledgeable, expert greasy pilaf belongings ﴰﻪک world traveler; shimak ﺷــــﺎراــــﮕــــﻪڕ in; ~ângař hawk ﴰﻘﺎر exiled, driven from shimqâr ﺷــــﺎرﺑــــﻪدﻩر badar~ sword ﴰﺸﺮ civiliza- shimsher ﺷـﺎرﺳــﺘـﺎﻧـﻴـﻪﰏ town; ~istâniyatî huffing and puffing ﺷﻨﻪﺷﻦ shinashin ﺷــﺎرۆﭼــﮑــﻪ urban; ~ochka ﺷــﺎری tion; ~î -v.t. to bestir one ﺷــــﻨــﮕــ دان town shingił-dân ﺷﺎرۆﮐﻪ town; ~oka awa v.t. to self-~ :ﺷـــﺎر -shâr ﺷـــﺎردن shârdin v.i. to blow (wind); ~awa to ﺷــﻨـﲔ hide, conceal shinîn (a sheaf of reaped wheat blow (in the wind ﺷﺎرۆ shâro scattered, distracted ﺷﺮزﻩ bragging shipirza ﺷﺎت و ﺷﻮوت shât u shût to be ﺷــــــــ و وڕ ﺑــــــــﻮون shâdî; ~ u zamâwand kir- shiř-u-wiř-bûn = ﺷـــﺎﱙ shâyî din lagał to get married to ripped: kirâsakám shiřuwiřbûwa my breeze; ~î patience, stealth shirt is ripped and torn ﺷﻪ shena ﴍﳜــﻦ -shirîkhen ﴍﳜـﺎﻧـﺪن cancer shirîkhândin ﺷﺮﭘﻪﳒﻪ lion; ~panja ﺷﺮ sher crazy; ~-bûn v.i. to go crazy; v.t. to roar ﺷــــﺖ shet thing ﺷﺖ insane asylum shit ﺷﺎﻧﻪ khâna~ .v.t.; 3rd sing. pres) ﺷـــﯚ -sho ﺷـــﱳ dinner, evening meal shitin ﺷﻮ shew1 shîw shwâ) to wash; ~awa to wash again = ﺷﻮ shew2 juice ﺷﻴ style, manner; dialect; shîla ﺷـــــــــــــــﻮﻩ shewa 226 SORANI–ENGLISH VOCABULARY city wall ﺷﻮورﻩ dark blue, dark green; ~-bûn shûra ﺷـــــﲔ shîn1 shame, disgrace ﺷﻮورﻩﰃ to become green (plants); ~-bûnawa shûraî glass; ~band windshield ﺷﻮوﺷﻪ la v.i. (1) to importune, pester: to bo shûsha -third sing. pres. of shi) ﺷــــﻮا(ت) (la min shîn bûyawa u das bar nâday? shwâ(t why are you pestering me so inces- tin) shepherd ﺷﻮان santly?; (2) to turn blue from laughter: shwân -place; ~ a gishtîakân pub ﺷــﻮــﻦ la pekanîn shîn bûmawa I died laugh- shwen ing lic places; ~ … kawtin v.i. to follow, wail, lament pursue, chase: shwen kilâw i bâbirdû ﺷﲔ shîn2 ;shînaward kawtûa he’s on a wild goose chase = ﺷﻪﰏ shînatî ba ~ regâ i …dâ gařân to look for a ﺷــــــﻪورد shînawird/ﺷــــــﻪوﻩرد shînaward ,remain ﺷــــﻮــــﻨــــﻪوار summer garden way to …; ~awâr ﺷــــﻮــــﻨــــﻪواری milk; sword monument, ruin; ~awârî ﺷﲑ shîr sweet, nice monumental ﺷﲑﻦ shîrîn ;faithful ﺑـﻪﺳـﻔـﻪت ~fidelity; ba ﺳـﻔـﻪت Shirin, Armenian princess sifat ﺷـــﲑـــﻦ Shîrîn ﺳــﻔــﻪﰏ unfaithful; be~î ﺳــﻔــﻪت ~and wife of the Sassanian Chosroës be Parvez infidelity red ﲭﻪ bot- sija ﺷــﺸـﻪ skewer, stake; ~a ﺷــﺶ shîsh belly, womb; ~-dâ-nân v.t. to ﺳــــــﮏ tle; skewer sik -narrow valley give birth; ~-kirdin v.t. to get preg ﺷﻴﻮ shîw appearance, form nant ﺷﻴﻮاز shîwâz coin ﺳﮑﻪ without sika ﺑــﺸـﯚ ~limit, boundary; be ﺷـﯚ sho complaint ﺳﲀ limit sikâłâ secretary ﺳﮑ ﺗﺮﺮ pres. stem of shitin sikirter ﺷﯚ -sho .v.t ﲰــﮑــﯚل ــﺮدن hoof; ~kol-kirdin ﰟ graceful, beautiful; jokester; sim ﺷـــﯚخ shokh beautiful, en- to stomp the hooves on the ground ﺷــﯚخ و ﺷــﻪــﮓ u shang ~ side ﲰﺖ chanting simt box ﺳﻨﺪووق trace; ~gîrî-kirdin v.t. to pur- sindûq ﺷــﯚن shon stake, peg ﺳﻨﮓ sue, look for sing class ﺳﻨﻒ v.t. to let sinif ﺷـــﯚڕ ـــﺮدﻧـــﻪوﻩ (shoř-kirdin(awa chest, trunk ﺳﻨﻮوق sinûq ,ﺳﻨﯚق down, lower; mil ~-kirdin to bend the sinoq boundary, border ﺳﻨﻮور neck, submit; sar ~-kirdin to bow the sinûr u sâgh hail ~ ﺳـﭗ و ﺳـﺎغ ;perfect ﺳـﭗ head sip soup, broth and hearty ﺷﯚر shorbâ army ﺳﭙﺎ uprising, rebelion sipâ ﺷﯚرش shorish unfaithful; ~î infidelity ﺳﭙﻪ plow; ~-kirdin v.t. to plow sipła ﺷﻮ shu v.i. to ﴎﻩوێ -sirawe ﴎﻩوان February siraw|ân ﺷﻮت shubât gratitude become calm, be at rest ﺷﻮﺮ shukir ﴎﻩوــﻦ -sirawen ﺳــﻬــﺮﻩواﻧــﺪن v.t. to wash sirawândin ﺷﻮر -shur ﺷﻮردن shurdin husband; ~-kirdin v.t. to marry: v.t. to make calm; to strike; kho-~ la ﺷـﻮو shû khwayshkim shûy-kird my sister got to hit against, collide with sarinj = ﴎﱋ married; ba ~ dân v.t. to marry (a sirinj v.t. to wipe clean ﺳﯾﻨﻪوﻩ girl) off: dagâtà taman i bashûdân siřînawa v.t. to ﴎﮐــــــﻦ -sirken ﴎﰷﻧـــﺪن she is reaching a marriageable age sirkândin ill-omened, gloomy mutter ﺷﻮوم shûm 227 SORANI KURDISH whisper ten, to bleach ﴎﺗﻪ sirta beggar ﺳﻮاﮑﻪر v.t. to suâlkar ﺗﴎــــــــﻦ -sirten ﴎﻧــــﺪن sirtândin sija = ﺳﻮﻪ whisper suja sok = ﺳﻮک nature suk ﴎوﺷﺖ sirusht sultan, ruler ﺳﻮﺘﺎن anthem sułtân ﴎوود sirûd army ﺳﻮﭘﺎ breeze supâ ﴎوﻩ sirwa spâs = ﺳﻮﭘﺎس bad, grievous: châkbûnaway supâs ﺳــﺘـﻪم sitam sorâgh = ﺳﻮراخ zor ~a prospects for his recovery are surâkh sirusht = ﺳﻮرﺷﺖ very slim surisht corner ﺳﻮوچ v.t. to get, sûch ﺳــﺘــﻦ -siten ﺳــﺘـﺎﻧـﺪن sitândin profit, benefit ﺳﻮود take, buy; hał-~ to flush (animals) out sûd -Sudaba, wife of Kay ﺳـــــﻮوداﺑـــــﻪ of their holes, lairs, &c. Sûdâba politics; ~atmadâr Kaus and step-mother of Siyawush ﺳــــــﻴـــﺎﺳـــﻪت siyâs|at ,light in weight; deprecation ﺳـــــﻮوک political sûk ﺳﻴﺎﳻ politician; ~î ﺳﻴﺎﺳﻪﲤﻪدار -Siyawush, son of the contempt: khałk ba sûkawa ley da ﺳــــــﻴـــﺎوش Siyâwish Iranian shah Kay-Kaus řwânîn the people were looking at gizzard him with contempt; ~-kirdin v.t. to ﺳﻴﮑﻪﺗﯚرﻩ sîkatora -mouse- lighten (a weight), thin out; to depre ﺳــﻴـﻼﻣــﺶ hole; ~mîsh ﺳــﻴـﻼ sîlâ hole cate red; ~-kirdin-awa v.t. to ﺳــــــــﻮور (breast sûr (1 ﺳﮓ sîng -~ tray fry, saute; gul a ~ rose; châw ﺳﲎ sînî withered; ~-bûn to wither kirdinawa la v.t. to glare at: kârakar ﺳﺲ sîs greetings; ~-kirdin la v.t. to châw’î le sûr kirdimawa the servant ﺳــــــو słâw greet; ~-sandinawa v.t. to acknowl- glared at me; (2) insistent, deter- edge a greeting: slâw’yân nasandîna- mined; ~ lasar determined to; ~âî redness ﺳﻮوراﰃ wa they did not acknowledge our ~ spin; ~-mân to spin: sarî ﺳـــــــــــﻮوڕ greeting sûř doubtless(ly) damene his head is spinning ﺑﺴﯚ ~doubt; be ﺳﯚ so v.i. to turn ﺳـــــﻮوڕێ -sûře ﺳـــــﻮوڕان light, lightweight: ~ u hâsân sûřân ﺳــــــﯚک sok easy: zhyân boy sok u hâ- around, to circle around; ~-awa to ﺳــﯚکوﻫــﺎﺳــﺎن sân bû life was easy for him walk about, stroll; hał-~ to spin, be reason; la ~ i because of moved; to evolve ﺳﯚﮕﻪ songa v.t. to ﺳــﻮوڕــﻦ -sûřen ﺳــﻮوڕاﻧــﺪن trace; ~-kirdin v.t. to look sûřândin ﺳـــﯚراغ sorâgh for, search out; hâtinà ~ v.i. to come turn, spin; hał-~ to turn, spin, accom- after, to come looking for: hâtà sorâ- plish (a task) v.i. to burn ﺳﻮو -sûte ﺳﻮون ghim dâwâ i qarzaká’y kird he came sûtân v.t. to ﺳــﻮوﺗــــﻦ -sûten ﺳــﻮوﻧــﺪن looking for me to ask for his loan sûtândin back; ~ i … pirsîn la to ask (s.o.) the burn v.i./t. to burn ﺳﻮوز -sûz ﺳﻮوزن lost, sûzyân ﺑــــــﺴـــﯚراغ ~whereabouts of …; be pottery ﺳﻮاﻪت disappeared without a trace swâłat v.t. to rub ﺳﻮێ -swe ﺳﻮان sorâgh swân = ﺳﯚراخ sorâkh … horseman, mounted; ~ i ﺳــــــــﻮار sipâ swâr = ﺳﭙﺎ spâ v.t. to entrust bûn to get in, ride in/on (vehicle); ~ i ﺳﭙﺮ -sper ﺳﭙﺎردن spârdin thanks; ~-kirdin v.t. to thank … kirdin v.t. to mount on, let into (a ﺳﭙﺎس spâs white; ~-kirdinawa v.t. to whi- vehicle): swâr i karèkyân kird they ﺳــﭙـﯽ spî 228 SORANI–ENGLISH VOCABULARY telephone ﺗﻪﻓﯚن put him on a donkey talafon -~ ;talisman, magic spell ﺗـــــــﻪﰟ longing, yearning, regret; ~- talasm ﺳـــــــﻮێ swe bûnawa to yearn for someone, to pine khwendin ba sar …dâ v.t. to cast a oath; ~-khwârdin v.t. to spell over ﺳـــﻮـــﻨـــﺪ swend v.i. to walk ﺗــــﻪﺗــــﻪل ﭼــــﻮون take an oath, to swear: swend’im bo talatal-chûn dakhoy beytawa? do you swear to me very quietly television ﺗﻪﭬﺰﯾﯚن you’ll come back? talavizyon -divorce; ~-dân v.t. to di ﺗــــــــــــﻪق dregs, swill tałâq ﺳﻮﻨﮑﻪ swenka Switzerland; ~î Swiss vorce: ~’î dâwim he has divorced me ﺳﻮﺲ Swîs hall, room in an upper story ﺗﻪﻻر talâr talasm = ﺗﻪﻟﺴﻢ platter talîsm ﺗﻪﺑﻪق tabaq -dust; mist, fog; puff on a ciga ﺗـــــــﻪم preparations; ~-kirdin tam ﺗـــــﻪدارﻩک tadârak v.t. to prepare: ~ i safar’im bo âmâda rette; ~-rândin v.t. to bury age: la ~ i mindâlî i khoydâ ﺗـﻪﻣـﻪن bikan let them prepare for me the par- taman aphernalia for a journey during one’s childhood hurly-burly ﺗﻪﻣﻪرﻩ difference tamara ﺗﻪﻓﺎوﻩت tafâwat -de ﺑـﻪ ﺗـﻪﻣـﺎى desire, greed; ba ~ i ﺗـﻪﻣـﺎ wheel (of cart, carriage) tamâ ﺗﻪﮔﻪرﻩ tagara greedy ﺗﻪﻣﰷر plan, plot sirous of; ~kâr ﺗﻪﮔﺒﲑ tagbîr tamâkâr = ﺗﻪﻣﺎﺣﲀر near, next to, opposite tamâḥkâr ﺗﻪک tak tobacco ﺗﻪﻣﮐﯚ motion; ~-dân v.t. to shake; tamâko ﺗــــﻪﰷن takân spectacle; ~-kirdin v.t. to ﺗـﻪﻣـﺎﺷـﺎ khwârdin v.t. to move, budge: tamâshâ-~ pyâwaká takân’î nakhwârd the man look at; to watch (a performance), to theater ﺗﻪﻣﺎﺷﺎﺎﻧﻪ didn’t budge see (a sight); ~khâna tomato ﺗﻪﻣﺎﺗﻪ v.t. to tamâta ﺗـــﻪﮐــــــﻦ -taken ﺗـــﻪﰷﻧـــﺪن takândin lazy ﺗﻪﻣﻪڵ shake; hał-~ ditto; râ-~ ditto tambał -admonition; ~-kirdin to ad ﺗــــﻪﻣــــ v.i. to avoid tame ﺗﻪﻴﻨﻪوﻩ takîn-awa la smooth, flat; throne, bed; ~- monish, to instruct ﺗــﻪﺧــﺖ takht clean ﺗﻪﻣﺰ kirdin v.t. to flatten; ~ i zawî kirdin tamez July ﺗﻪﳑﻮوز v.t. to flatten to the ground; to wipe tammûz healthy ﺗﻪﻧﺪروﺳﺖ body; ~drust ﺗﻪن throne and tan ﺗــــــﻪﺧــــــﺖوﱋ out; ~ u tânj tin, tin can ﺗﻪﻧﻪﮐﻪ crown; la sar ~ dâ-nân v.t. to seat on tanaka rope ﺗﻪف the throne, to enthrone tanâf especially ﺗﻪﻧﻪ(ت) (board, slab; ~-bûn v.i. to be tanâna(t ﺗـﻪﺧــﻪ takhta oven; ~-dâ-khistin v.t. to ﺗـﻪﻧـﺪوور boarded shut: bâzâr ~ ya the market’s tandûr boarded shut; ~-kirdin v.t. to board light an oven tight, narrow; saddle strap; ba ﺗـﻪـﮓ up: dukânakáy ~ kirâwa his shop has tang awa bûn v.i. to belong to, to be… ~ ﺗـــــﻪﺧــــــــــﻪرﻩش been boarded up; ~rash hectic ﺗـﻪـﮕـﻪو blackboard encompassed by; ~atâw v.t. to ﺗــﻪــﮕــﻪو ن affirmation; ~-kirdinawa pressure; ~atâw-nân ﺗــﻪــﮑــــﺪ ta’kîd narrow ﺗــﻪــﮕــﺎﻧــﻪ lasar to reaffirm put pressure on; ~âna ﺗــــﻪــــﮕــــﺎو pass, strait; dire straits; ~âw ﺗــــﻪ ordered, organized; ~î ﺗــــﻪــــﻮوز takûz orderliness, organization under pressure, in dire straits; ~dast ﻮوزى ﺗـﻪـﮓوـﻪـﻪ poor; ~ u chałama ﺗـﻪـﮕـﺪﻩﺳـﺖ trap, snare; ~-nânawa v.t. to lay ﺗـﻪـﻪ tała difficulty ﻣﻪ a trap only; alone; ~î loneliness ﺗﻪﳖﺎ student tanhâ ﺗﻪﻪﺑﻪ tałaba 229 SORANI KURDISH beside, next to house they had set aside for him ﺗﻪﻧﺸﺖ tanîsht tarragon ﺗﻪرﺧﻮن commercial goods; in- tarkhun ﺗــــﻪﳔــــﻮا tankhwâ body, corpse ﺗﻪرم vestment capital tarm reversed, upside down ﺗﻪرﺳﻪ alone, only; following a neg. tarsa ﺗــﻪﻧــﻴــﺎ tanyâ hail ﺗﻪرزﻩ clause, tanyâ…nabe nothing/nobody tarza v.t. to heal, to ﺗـﻪﺷـﻪ ـﺮدن but: kasim niya, tanyâ dâyk a pîrèk tashanâ-kirdin nabe I have no one but an old mother; heal over ﺗــﻪﴍﯾــﲎ ﯾــﻪﻛــﻪم i yekam ~ :ﺗــﻪﴍــﻦ kam yân zor roysht kasèk nâzâne tashrîn -No ﺗـﻪﴍﯾـﲎ دووﻫـﻪم tanyâ Khwâ nabe how far he went October; ~ i dûham solitude, vember ﺗــــﻪﻧــــﻴــــﺎﱙ only God knows; ~î narrow ﺗﻪﺳﮏ alone, forlorn task ﺗﻪﻧﻴﺎڵ loneliness; ~bâł trust in God ﺗﻪوﻩﻮل v.t. to stuff, tawakul ﺗـﻪﭘــﻦ -tapen ﺗـﻪﭘـﺎﻧـﺪن tapândin aim ﺗﻪوﻩر cram; to kick, beat with the hands tawar tafâwat = ﺗﻪواﻓﻪت v.i. to collapse tawâfat ﺗﻪﭘﲔ tapîn agreement, co-operation ﺗﻪواﻓﻖ plate tawâfiq ﺗﻪﴗ tapsî pistol ﺗﻪواﻪ thump, thud, sound of a heavy tawâncha ﺗــﻪﻗــﻪ taqa v.t. to fold ﺗﻪوﻦ -tawen ﺗﻪواﻧﺪن thing falling tawândin complete; ~-bûn v.i. to be ﺗـــــــﻪواو stitch; ~-dân v.t. to stitch; ~ tawâw ﺗـــﻪﻗـــﻪڵ taqał le-dân v.t. to stitch; ~ hał-dân la to finished; ~-kirdin v.t. to finish; ba ~î take a stitch in completely pressure ﺗﻪوژم attempt; ~-kirdin v.t. to try, tawizhm ﺗــﻪﻗــﺎﻻ taqâlâ top of ﺗــﻪوﻗــﻪﺳــﻪر ring; ~ a sar ﺗــﻪوق attempt tawq the head: ba ~ i sarîawa on top of his ﺗـﻪﻗــﻨـﻪ v.i. to burst; ~înawa ba ﺗـﻪﻗـﲔ taq|în to break out in, burst out into; ~a- head وﻩ ﺑـﻪ taunt ﺗﻪوس explosive material taws ﺗﻪﻗﻪﻣﻪﱏ manî tame, trained ﺗﻪی elo- tay ﺗـﻪڕدﻩم moist, wet; nice; ~dam ﺗـﻪڕ tař v.t. to traverse ﺗﻪی ﺮدن expert, dextrous tay-kirdin ﺗﻪڕدﻩﺳﺖ quent; ~dast ready ﺗﻪر in exile tayâr ﺗﻪرﻩ tara airplane ﺗﻪرﻩ advancement, progress; tayâra ﺗــــــــــﻪرﻩﰵ taraqî progressive: koř i tâ1 (1) to, up to: l’ erawa tâ awe from ﺗــﻪرﻩﻗــــﺨــﻮاز khwâz~ yekiyatî u taraqîkhwâzî i kurd Society here to there; (2) by the time: tâ min for the Unity and Advancement of gayshtim namâ by the time I arrived Kurds he wasn’t there any longer; (3) until prancing of a (conj. + neg. subj.): tâ nayey, nâyem I ﺗــــﻪراﺗــــــــﻦ، ﺗــــﻪرات (tarât(en horse up and down the field won’t come until you do; until (intro- all around (prep) ducing final clause + indicative) min ﺗﻪراﺗﲎ tarâten i tarîq l’ era bot dâdanem tâ deytawa I’ll put = ﺗﻪرﻖ tareq ;lost it here for you until you come back ﺗﻪرﻓﻪﻧﻪ tarfana -shy; ~î shyness (4) (prep.) until tâ sa’ât i penj châ ﺗﻪرﯾﻖ tarîq special, devoted (ba/bo wařwânit dakam I’ll wait for you until ﺗـــﻪرـــﺎن tarkhân to); exempt from taxes and imposts; five o’clock; (5) the longer, to keep on ~-kirdin bo v.t. to give someone ex- (getting …er): ~ dahât as time went clusive use of something: îtir la nâw by, the longer (a situation pertained): aw khânûá bo’yân tarkhân kirdibû, tâ dahât, girântir dabû as time went nadagunjâ he no longer fit in the by, the heavier it got; tâ de, rangî 230 SORANI–ENGLISH VOCABULARY for a وــﮏ (period of time; ~è(k و zard u lâwâz dabe he keeps on getting tâw1 ;so that, in while ــــﻮو paler and thinner; ~kû -heat, burning, fever, long (1) و order that (+ subj.) tâw2 tâ2 fever ing, grieving: la ~ i dûrî i kuřakáy har tâ3 fold; ~-kirdin v.t. to fold: kâghaza- dû châwî kwer bûbû both his eyes had ká tâ bika fold the paper gone blind from grieving over separa- crown tion from his son; (2) downpour (of ج tâj sole, solitary, alone; ~-u-tanyâ rain): ~ i bârân nabiřrâyawa the ک tâk ,downpour has not ceased; (3) turn ک (all by oneself; ~-u-tarâ(k کوﺗـﻪﻧـﻴـﺎ miscellaneous charge, gallop; ~-dân v.t. to make (a وﺗﻪرا(ک) subj.) in order that; (prep.) horse) gallop; ~-girtin v.t. to work +) ــــﻮو tâkû until: ~ estâ until now assiduously; ~-kirdin v.t. to trick s.o. bitter into believing; ~ sandin v.t. for heat ڵ tâł plunder; ~-kirdin v.t. to to become intense ن tâłân ;reward; fault, guilt, crime وان pillage, plunder tâwân1 ;blameworthy, guilty واﻧـــــــﺒـــــــﺎر taste; ~-kirdin v.t. to taste ~bâr م tâm -eager, ~bâr-kirdin v.t. to blame; ~ rek ﻣـــﺎزرۆ tâmâzro ,ﻣـــﻪزرۆ tâmazro eagerness, craving khistin v.t. to accuse falsely ﻣﻪزرۆﰃ craving; ~î v.i. to melt; ~din وێ -tâwe وان warp (weaving) tâwân2 ن tân v.t. to melt وﻦ -tâwen واﻧﺪن taunt; ~ le-dân v.t. to taunt ﻧﻪ tâna tent وڵ tâj tâwił = ﱋ tânj summer وﺳﺘﺎن hunting dog tâwistân ﳒﯽ tânjî wire basket spun to heat وﻣـــﻪ taunt, abuse tâwlama ﻧﻮوت tânût ghost, apparition charcoal ﭘﯚ tâpo v.i. to suffer وﺗﻮێ ﺮان sole, only: ~ a kuřèkî dabe he tâwtwe-kirân ق tâq personal, special, devoted ﯾــﺒــﻪت has only one son; odd, not even tâybat ;especially ﺑـــــﻪﯾـــــﺒـــــﻪﰏ anxious, (ba to); ba ~î ﺑـــﺎﻗـﻪت ~energy; be ﻗـﻪت tâqat characteristic ﺒﻪﲤﻪﻧﺪی sad ~mandî -adoles زﻩﻻو new, fresh; ~lâw زﻩ only child tâza ﻗﺎﻧﻪ tâqâna group cent ﰴ tâqim whip, lash ژان test, trial; ~-kirdinawa v.t. to tâzhân ﰵ tâqî hunting dog ژی try, to test tâzhî Arabic زی Tehran tâzî ران Târân whip زﻧﻪ v.t. to drive tâziyâna رــﻦ -târen راﻧــﺪن târândin away forever te see da; ~-birdin (v.t., = birdin da) description: la ~ nâye it can’t to put something inside something رﯾــﻒ târîf be described, it is beyond description else; ~-chûn (v.i., = chûn da) to suf- dark fer loss; to cost a lot: mâlakám zorî te رﮏ târîk -~ ;history chûwa my house has cost me a lot رﱗ târîkh ,v.i. to choke, be gayândin v.t. to make understand ﺳــــ -tâse ﺳــــﺎن tâsân -v.t. explain to: hâl u masala’y te gayân ﺳــﻦ -tâsen ﺳـﺎﻧـﺪن strangled; ~din to choke, strangle dim he explained the situation to me; gayshtin v.i. to understand; ~-girtin-~ ﺷــﻪﺑــﻪ big slab of rock; ~abard ش tâsh ditto v.t. to take aim at: bardî te bigra aim رد -~ ;v.t. to shave at the rock; ~-gîrân v.i. to tangle ش -tâsh ﺷﲔ tâshîn 231 SORANI KURDISH kishân v.t. to pass quickly: b’ era dâ ing had enough sleep; ~-khwârdin la hât u tekishâ he came there and to eat one’s fill of large saddlebag ﺗﺮ quickly passed by; ~-kirdin v.t. = ter2 pile, heap; ~-kirdin v.t. to ﺗــــــﺸـــﻮ kirdin da to pour onto: âwî te ka pour teshu some water on it; to make ready: sabîl make a pile; to have breakfast tîshk = ﺗﺴﮑﻪ te ka get the pipe ready; ~-mân v.i. to teska -spit; ~-kirdin v.t. to spit; ~-kir ﺗــــــﻒ be bewildered tif -tife ﺗـــﻔـــﺎن te- cmpd. vb. agent; see te-gayshtin, dinawa v.t. to spit out; ~ân ﺗـﻔـﺎﻧـﻪ دﻩم ﯾـﻪ v.i. to spit; ~ânà dam yek ﺗـﻔـ te hał-chûn, te-kutân to plot, conspire ک lit, burning; ~-bûn v.i. to be ﺗــــــﻪر tebar rifle, shotgun; ~-hâwîshtin ﺗـﻔـﻪـﮓ lit (fire), to burn; ~-dân v.t. to light tifang (fire): âgirî tebar dâ he lit a fire; to set v.t. to fire a rifle ,v.t. to drip ــﮑــــﻦ -tiken ــﲀﻧــﺪن a dog on tikândin :observation cause to drip; âbřû-~ to dishonor ﺗﲎ tebînî together; ~-bar-bûn v.i. to fight; âbřû’y tikândim he dishonored me ﺗــﮏ tek provisions ﺗﻔﺎق birdin v.t. to throw things together; tifâq-~ mouth-puckeringly sweet ﺗﻔﺖ chûn v.i. to change, lose one’s com- tift-~ ,stretched out on the ground ﲣــــ posure, to get mixed up; ~-chûn la to tikheł be mistaken, be the wrong person: prone, prostrate near; ~ i ... kawtin to get ﲣــــــــﻮن lem tek chûy I thought you were tikhun someone else; ~-chûn lagał to dis- near: tikhun i âgir nakawî you agree with; ~-dân v.t. to spoil, mix shouldn’t get near the fire -v.i. to be sha ﺗــﻪﮐـ -tiłake ﺗــﻪﰷن up; ~-hał-dân v.t. to kick; to lock tiłakân horns; ~-khirân v.p. to get tied to- ken; râ-~ to be shaken up (as liquid in gether; ~-khistin v.t. to tie together; a bottle); râ-tiłakândin tiłaken- v.t. ~-kirdinawa v.t. to break someone’s to shake up tiłakân = ﺗﻪﻗﺎن bones in a fight: lashyân hamû tek tiłaqân ;v.i. to toss and turn ﺗـــﻠـــ -tile ﺗـــﻼن kirdawa they beat him to a pulp; ~- tilân ;v.t. to toss; to juggle ﺗـﻼﻧـﺪﻧـﻪوﻩ shikân v.i. to collapse ~dinawa (with, along with; bo ~ ba to deal (ba with ﺗــــــــﮑــــﻪڵ tekał drenched, sopping wet; ~ân ﺗـــﻠــــــﺲ together with; ~-pekał all mixed up, tilîs ;v.i. to get drenched ﺗـﻠــﺴـ -tilîse ﺗـﻠــﺴـﺎن jumbled; ~-dân v.t. to stir: shîraká v.t. to ﺗـﻠــﺴــﻦ -tilîsen ﺗـﻠــﺴـﺎﻧـﺪن tekał da stir the milk; dast ~-kirdin ~ândin lagał v.t. to have carnal relations with: wet ~ ~ ripped, torn: kirâsakám ﺗـــــــــﺶ damawe lagałim rek bikawî u dast’im tiłîsh lagał tekał bikay I want you to lie bû my shirt was ripped to shreds; ~- with me and have sex with me birdin v.t. to split: dâr tilîshî bird the .v.i ﺗـــﺸـ -tilîshe ﺗـــﺸـﺎن to tree split; ~ân ﺗــــﮑــﯚﺷــ -koshe- ﺗــــﮑــﯚﺷــﺎن te-koshân ﺗـــﺸــﻦ -tilîshen ﺗـــﺸـﺎﻧـﺪن strive, to struggle to split; ~ândin altogether; ba ~î in general, v.t. to split ﺗــــﮑــﺮا tekrâ tiryâk = ﺗﻠﻴﺎک generally tilyâk v.t. to leave, allow ﺗ -tiłe ﺗﻴﺎن bûn ba sar …dâ v.i. (for tiłyân-~ :ﺗــــــﻪر tepar -other; hîch i ~ nothing else: nama ــﺮ time) to pass after …; ~-kirdin la v.t. tir to exceed, surpass twânî hîch i tir bikam I couldn’t have hav- done anything else; yek~ each other ﺗــﺮـﻪو full, satiated; ~khaw ﺗــﺮ ter1 232 SORANI–ENGLISH VOCABULARY -v.i. to go to pieces; ~ la pe dakan he thought they were mak ـــــــــﺮازان tirâzân shwen kho to be unrecognizable ing fun of him v.t. to make fun ﺗــﲒ ــﺮدن ﺑــﻪ grapes tîz-kirdin ba ﺮێ tire ,v.t. to disgrace, to of; ~-kirdin ba ...awa v.t. to poke ــــۆ ــــﺮدن tiřo-kirdin drive away in disgrace poke fun at -sharp, hot, spicy; fast, quick; in ﺗـــ tîzh ـﺮﭘـﻪى of a footfall; ~ i pe ـﺮﭘـﻪ tirpa sound footstep sistent ﭘ ,request; ~-kirdin v.t. to request ـــــﲀ fear tkâ ﺮس tirs la v.i. to be beg: tkâ akam please ــــﺮﺳــــ -tirse ــــﺮﺳــــﺎن tirsân (.you (sing ﺗﯚ afraid of, fear to sack ﺗﯚﺮﻩ v.t. to tobra ــﺮﺳــــﻦ -tirsen ــﺮﺳــﺎﻧــﺪن tirsândin -blizzard, del ﺗــﯚﻓــﺎن blizzard; ~ân ﺗــﯚف frightening, tof ـــﺮﺳـــــــــﻪر scare; tirsenar scary uge tree bark ﺗﯚک bitter; khoshit be u ~it be tok ـــــــــــــﺮش tirsh revenge; ~ i … kirdinawa v.t. to ﺗـﯚـﻪ whether you like it or not toła opi- take revenge for: biřyâr’yân dâ toła i ـﺮکﮐــﺶ opium; ~kesh ـﺮک tiryâk -opium addict am âbřûchûnáyân bikanawa they de ﺮﰽ um smoker; ~î fart (noiseless); ~-dân v.t. to fart; cided to take revenge for this outrage ـــﺲ tis farter, “old fart,” idler; ~în against their dignity ــــﺴــــﻦ in~ -seed, grain; tom ﺗـــــــﯚﻣـــــــﻪ، ﺗـــــــﯚم (v.i. to fart tom(a ﺴﲔ v.i. to collect (liquid), washândin v.t. to sow, scatter seed ـﺰێ -tize ـﺰان tizân record, document; ~-kirdin ﺗــﯚﻣــﺎر well up: dastim khwenî te tizâwa tomâr blood has collected in my hand; fir- v.t. to record ;round ﺗــــﯚﭘــــﺎل ball; big lie; ~al ﺗــــﯚپ mesk la châwim tizâ tears welled up top cannoneer; liar ﺗﯚﭘﭽﯽ in my eyes ~chî -v.i. to die (of an ani ﺗـﯚپ -top ﺗـﯚﭘـﲔ blade topîn ﺗﻴﻎ tîgh bit, piece mal); hał-~ to drop dead ﺗﻴﮑﻪ tîka ﺗـﯚﭘـﻼـﻪ piled up; ~a-kirdin ﺗـﯚﭘـﻼخ v.t. to care for the toplâkh ﺗــر ــﺮدن tîmâr-kirdin v.t. to pile up: payn u qur ba sar ـــــﺮدن ill power, force; ba ~awa powerful- yekâ toplâkhay kirdûa he’s piled up ﺗـــﲔ tîn powerless, weak dung and mud on top of each other ﺑﲔ ~ly; be top: bardèkî la ~ i sarim dâ he ﺗــــــﯚق thirsty: ~ma I’m thirsty; ~wetî toq ﺗـــﻮو tîn|û thirst threw a stone on top of my head ﺗﻮﱴ patch: ~ a tûtiřikèk a patch of ﺗـﯚﻗـﻪڵ group, contingent; team toqał ﺗﭗ tîp arrow wild strawberries ﺗﲑ tîr tom; ~ i mirîshik egg = ﺗﯚو clan, family branch, subdivision tow ﺗــﲑﻩ tîra ;dust; ~-kirdin v.t. to stir up dust ﺗـــﯚز of a hoz toz a little bit ﺗﯚزﮏ èk~ , ﺗﯚزێ frost that ~e ﺗــــﺸــﻪــ sprout; ~biř ﺗــــﺸــﻪ tîsha researcher, investigator ﺗﯚژﻩر kills young sprouts tozhar v.i. to go to ــــــﺮازێ trâze ــــــﺮازان ray trâzân ﺗﺸﮏ tîshk clump of hair; bunch of pieces, fall apart; kâr la kâr ~ to be ﺗــــــــــﺴـــــﮏ tîsk grapes; long-haired: mařèk i ~ long- all over v.t. to ــﺮــﮑــــﻦ -trîken ــﺮــﲀﻧــﺪن haired sheep trîkândin joke; ~-kirdin ba v.t. to make scream ﺗــــــﺎڵ tîtâł -v.i. to guf ـﺮﯾـﻘـ -trîqe ـﺮﯾـﻘـﺎﻧـﻪوﻩ fun of, play a joke on: pey wâ bû tîtâlî trîqânawa 233 SORANI KURDISH faw, laugh out loud ness of character; ~-kirdin v.t. imprs. :(lightning to be cold and rainy (of the weather ﺮﺸﻘﻪ trîshqa v.i. = topîn hawâkay tûsh kird the weather turned ﺮۆﭘﲔ tropîn bad weather ﺗﻮوﳽ trumbîl bad; ~î = ﺮۆﻣﻞ trombel wild strawberry ﺗﻮوک automobile tûtiřik ﺮوﻣﻴﻞ trumbîl = v.t. to want; ~awa ﺗـــﻮێ -twe ﺗـــﻮان v.i. to twân ـﺮوﺷـﮑـ -trushke ـﺮوﺷـﲀن trushkân squat; hał-~ to squat down tâwân ability: hargiz la twânâm’â ﺗـــــــﻮا v.i. to blink: twânâ ـﺮووﮐـ -trûke ـﺮووﰷن trûkân la châw trûkânèk’dâ in the twinkling niya it will never be within my ability, trûken- ba pe i ~ inasfar as possible ـــــــﺮووﰷﻧـــــــﺪن of an eye; ~din +) v.t. to be able ﺗـﻮان -twân ﺗـﻮاﻧـﲔ v.t. to blink twânîn ﺮووﮐﻦ (subj ـﺮووﺳـﮑـﻪ shine, gleam; ~a ـﺮووﺳـﮏ trûsk disapprobation; ~-girtin da to ﺗـﻮاﱋ faint twânj ـــــﺮووﺳـــــﲀﰃ glimmer, gleam; ~âî find fault with ـﺮووﮐـ -trûske ـﺮووﺳـﲀن glimmer; ~ân -tamâshâ = ﺗــــﻮاﺷــــﺎ ــــﺮدن v.i. to shine, to gleam twâshâ-kirdin v.i. to fall to pieces kirdin ﺗـــــﻮﻧـــــﻪوﻩ tułân-awa :v.t. to rip to shreds ﺗــﻮێ ــﺮدن from being cooked too much): gosh- twe-kirdin) taká hend kulîwa tulâwatawa the bulbul ka garm i naghmaya âgir da- meat has been so overcooked it’s kâtawa / khuncha hazîna, jarg u dilî fallen to pieces bo dakâ twe (Nâlî) the nightingale, wouldn’t you know? hot with song, bursts into flame; the ﺗﻮﻣﻪرز tumaz tomâr bud is saddened and rips her heart to = ﺗﻮﻣﺎر tumâr tight; fast, swift; hot, spicy; ~- shreds for him ﺗــﻮﻧــﺪ tund forehead ﺗﻮ kirdin v.t. to hold tight, to make fast tweł tey(d)â in it; ~-birdin v.t. to do = ﺗــﻴــﺎ bag, sack tyâ ﺗﻮرﺑﻦ turben Turcoman away with, to eliminate; ~-chûn v.i. to ﺗﻮرﮐﲈن turkmân .go away, disappear; ~ râ-mândin v.i ﺗـــــﻮرﺷـــــﺎﻧـــــﺪن sour; ~ândin ﺗـــــﻮرش tursh v.t. to make sour to be perplexed, confused; to ponder ﺗﻮرﺷﻦ -turshen ﺗــﻴــﺎــﺮۆــﺎﻧــﻪ theater; ~khâna ﺗــﻴــﺎــﺮۆ tobacco tyâtro ﺗﻮﻦ tutin hair on the theater ﺗـﻮوﮐـﻪﺳـﻪر hair; ~asar ﺗـﻮوک tûk head and و a small hunting dog u ﺗﻮو tûla desperate, in ﺋـﻮﻣــﺪ ~hope; nâ ﺋـﻮﻣــﺪ anger: umed ﺗــــﻮوڕﻩﱙ angry, mad; ~î ﺗــــﻮوڕﻩ tûřa ba tûřaîawa rû’y le kirdim he turned despair Europe ﻮرووﭘﺎ away from me in anger urûpâ automobile ﺋﻮﺮوﻣﻴﻞ sack, bag utrumbîl ﺗﻮورﻩﮐﻪ tûraka Turan, the traditional ﺗـــــــــــــــﻮوران Tûrân ba: wakhabar = bakhabar, wa = وﻩ Transoxanian enemy of Iran wa1 meeting, involved; ~-bûn v.i. re = ba re; wadast = ba dast ﺗـﻮوش tûsh1 and وﻩ to meet, come across: dwene la sha- wa2 offshoot, offspring وﻩچ qâm’dâ tûshî bûm I met him in the wach -promise; ~-dân v.t. to prom وﻩـــــﺪ street yesterday; ~-kirdin v.t. to get wa‘d someone involved: to tûshit kirdim ise ba dast = وﻩدﻩﺳﺖ you got me involved wadast death; ~-kirdin v.t. to die وﻩﻓﺎت cold, rainy weather; mean- wafât ﺗـــــــﻮوش tûsh2 234 SORANI–ENGLISH VOCABULARY delegation shaken out: jilakát dâwashâ your وﻩﻓﺪ wafd male offspring; ~kwer clothes have been shaken out; râ-~ to وﻩـــــــــﺎخ wajâkh -childless be shaken; to waste away (from ill وﻩﺎخﻮﺮ like; ~ yek alike, all the same; ness): lashî dâwashâwa his body has وﻩک wak ~î ka on the other hand wasted away; ~-awa la to be suitable -time: l’ aw ~á’dâ at that for, proper for: am kârá la to nâwa وﻩﺧــــــــﺖ wakht time; ~ bû, ~â bû nearly, almost (+ shetawa this is not suitable for you, subj.) wakht bû bizîqene he almost am jilá la to dawashetawa these screamed; wakht-a la birsân bimirim clothes suit you v.t. to وﻩﺷــﻦ -washen وﻩﺷـﺎﻧـﺪن I’m about to die of hunger; ~ basar washândin birdin ba v.t. to while away time by; shake, scatter; dâ-~ to bend down and -temporary shake: dârèkî bo dâwashând barî na وﻩﺧﱴ î~ as though (+ subj.): ~ shitèk’î kawt he bent down a tree and shook it وﻩـﻮو wakû bîr kawtibetawa as though he remem- but the fruit didn’t fall; hał-~ to rip bered something open, rip apart; râ-~ to shake violent- answer, response; ~-dân v.t. ly وﻩم wałâm hidden وﻩﺷﺎرﺗﻮو to answer washârtû master, professor وﻩﺳﺘﺎ wakht wastâ = وﻩﻗﺖ waqt wastân = وﻩس -wass وﻩﺳــــــــــــــﺎن come!, come on! (impt. sing. wassân وﻩرﻩ wára of hâtin) wast- .v.i., pres) وﻩﺳــﺖ -wast وﻩﺳــــﺘــﺎن v.i. to fall; to writhe; hał-~ wastân وﻩران warân to fall down tense often contracted to dast- for dawast-) to stand, stop; ~ la to be وﻩرﮔــــــان translator; ~ân وﻩرﮔــــــ wargeř translation tired of: wastâwim la kâr I’m tired of v.t. to translate; ~à working; ~awa la to confront: ley وﻩرﮔــــــــان war-geřân sar ... to translate into: am ktebáy wastâmawa shaqèkim te hałdâ I con- wargeřâyà sar fârsî he translated this fronted him and gave him a kick; hał- book into Persian; ba pishtè ~ to ~ to get up, stand up; ba pe i … hał-~ knock (s.o.) over on his back, to to carry out, execute; râ-~ to stand up, knock down stop, stay .v.t وﻩﺳــﺘــﻦ -wasten وﻩﺳــﺘـﺎﻧـﺪن come!, come on! (impt. pl. wastândin وﻩرن wárin of hâtin) to stop; (2) to tire out; (3) to take fed up, exasperated back, to get back: dabe aw qarzáy le وﻩڕﺳﺖ (wařis(t v.i. to bark: sa i hîch darkèk wastenim I have to get that loan back وﻩڕـــﻦ wařîn pet nâwaře “you’re a stranger at no from him bride, daughter-in-law وﻩوی door”; hał-~ = hał-warân wawî down وﻩز bored waz وﻩڕس wařs situation وﻩزع ‘tall (= barz); season of plant- waz وﻩرز warz ~-v.t.: dâ وﻩزـﻦ -wazen وﻩزاﻧـﺪن ing and harvesting wazândin (height, promontory, hill to let out/off (of vehicle وﻩرزﻩ warza ministry: ~ i darawa وﻩزارﻩت sports, exercise wazârat وﻩرزش warzish will and testament; ~-kir- ministry of the interior وﻩﺳــــﺖ waset pain, hurt, annoyance وﻩزن din v.t. to make one’s last will wazin v.i. to blow (wind); dâ-~ to وﻩزــــﻦ v.i. to be wazîn وﻩﺷـــــ -washe وﻩﺷـــــﺎن washân shaken, to be scattered; dâ-~ to be get out/off (of a vehicle), to come 235 SORANI KURDISH after a short pause وﺎﻧﮏ down; (2) to lose (game); hał-~ to beast of burden وخ jump up wiłâkh walâm = وم vizier, minister: sarak ~ân wiłâm وﻩزـــــــﺮ wazîr country, state; homeland: ~ a وت prime minister wiłât thus yekgirtûakân i Amerikâ the United وا wâ appointed time, usual time States of America وادﻩ wâda lost; ~-bûn v.i. to be lost; la ون mind, brain: ~im wiř-mâ my win واق wâq brain spun châw ~-bûn v.i. to disappear from actuality, reality: la ~ i zhyân sight: tâ la châw win nabet until it واﻗــــﻊ ‘wâqi zor ba dûrin they are far from the disappears from view; ~-kirdin v.t. to reality of life lose dizzy; ~-bûn/mân v.i. to spin, be وڕ raining wiř وارﺷﺖ wârisht i.e., that is to say dizzy; ~-kirdin v.t. to make dizzy واﺗﻪ wâta bear ورچ v.t. to leave, wirch واز ﻫــــــﻨـــﺎن wâz-henân la little وردﻩ وردﻩ little, tiny; ~a ~a ورد abandon; to dissuade, persuade … not wird to: zor hawl dadâ bâwkî l’ am kalkalá by little, slowly; ~-bûnawa v.i. to i zhin henâná wâzbene he is trying investigate, examine closely; ~ u v.t. to ورد و ـــــﺎش ـــــﺮدن hard to dissuade his father from his khâsh-kirdin -investi وردﻩﰷر wish to take a wife crush, smash; ~akâr وردﻩ vocabu- gator; ordered, regular; ~akârî واژﻩﮔـــــــﻪل word; ~gal واژﻩ wâzha investigation; order, regularity ﰷری lary -v.t. to talk non وڕـﻨـﻪ ـﺮدن lighted, afire: âgir weya the fire’s wiřena-kirdin وێ we lit; ~-kawtin v.t. to try: we kawa bizâ- sense, to talk in one’s sleep tripe ورگ na la kweya try to find out where it is; wirg -~ ;childish begging, whining وڕک kirdin v.t. to light: âgiraká we ka wiřk-~ light the fire; ~-rizân v.t. to bother, girtin la v.t. to pester destroyed, damaged ورم annoy: wem darize dastim le bar nâdâ wirm brightness, glitter; ~dâr ورﺷــــــــــﻪ he annoys me constantly wirsha bright, loud in color ورﺷﻪدار -loose, wandering, stray; mis وـــــــــ weł clever; observant: wiryây ba ور aimed, misfired; ~-bûn v.i. to search wiryâ (ba dwâ i …dâ for); ~-kirdin v.t. to observe it carefully v.i. to be excited (of a ورووژان let go, turn loose, cease wirûzhân (flock, crowd وـــﻨـــﻪﮔـــﺮ picture, image; ~gir وـــﻨـــﻪ wena v.i. to be quiet: wis ba وس ﺑــــﻮون photographer wis-bûn !along with be quiet!, shut up وﺮای werâ i dictionary وﺷﻪدان word; ~dân وﺷﻪ destroyed, ruined wisha وﺮان werân dry; ~-bûn to stop dead in وﺷـــــﮏ v.t. + subj.) to wishk) وـــﺮێ -were وـــﺮان werân dare: nayawerâ bibizûetawa he didn’t one’s tracks: la je i khom wishk bûm I dare budge was glued to the spot camel وﺷﱰ ambush, sneak attack wishtir وﺰﻩ weza awake; ~-bûnawa v.i. to وﺷــــﻴــﺎر v.t. to speak, wishyâr وــﮋێ -wezhe وــﮋان wezh|ân speak- wake up, be awake وـﮋﻩر literature; ~ar وـﮋﻩ say; ~a -lan وت و وـــــﮋ speech; ~-u-wezh وت literary wit وﮋوان er, announcer; ~wân guage, speech, talk; ~-u-wezh-kirdin وـــــــﺎن ~rest, pause; be وـــــــﺎن wichân ,word وﺗــــــــــﻪ v.t. to talk, to discuss; ~a ﭘـﺎش ـﻮ ﺗرـﻪ without rest; pâsh kurta ~èk 236 SORANI–ENGLISH VOCABULARY speech, article man ور speech; ~âr ;one: ~e l’ awân one of them ﯾــــــــﻪک ba v.t. to say to, tell: yek ــــــ -łe وــــــﻦ witin pe’m wit I told him; ~awa to repeat ~èkyân one of them; each other; dânà v.p. to be said; ~ v.t. to throw together; har ~ay each وـــﺮێ -witre وـــﺮان witrân ~ ba to be called: Hama’y pe dawitre one of them; hâtinà ~ to collapse, to he is called Hama go to pieces; ~-girtin v.i. to unite; ~ la :iron; ~-kirdin v.t. to iron; ~chî dwâ i ~ one after another, successive وﺗــﻮو witû rizhem a yekladwâiyekakân i ‘erâq وﺗـﻮوـﺮاو ironer, cleaner; ~kirâw ﮐـﺘـﻮوﭼـﯽ ironed successive regimes in Iraq; ~-khistin power, ability v.t. to unite وزﻩ wiza - = (indef. encl. after vowels) ﯾـــــﻪک charm, incantation; ~-khwen- -yèk وــــﺮد wîrd din to recite an incantation èk union: yekatî i sovyet the ﯾــــﻪﮐــــﻪﰏ will yekatî وﺴﺖ wîst v.t., pres. tense Soviet Union) وێ -we وــــــﺴــــــﱳ wîstin (unanimous(ly ﯾﻪﮐﺪﻩرﮓ d)atawe, yekdang) دﻩﺗـــــﻪوێ ,d)amawe) دﻩﻣـــــﻪوێ la one of ﯾﻪﮐ it yekè- ـﺖ دﻩوێ ,im (d)awe- ـﻢ دﻩوێ c., or& +) someone, anyone who ﯾــﻪﮐــــﮏ d)awe, &c.) to want; pe-~ to be yekèk) necessary subj) yekatî = ﯾﻪﮐﱴ wird yeketî = وورد wurd -united: natawa yekgir ﯾـﻪﮐـﮕـ ﺗﺮـﻮو yekgirtû ووﺗـﻮوـﮋ ـﺮدن ﮔـﻪڵ wutuwezh-kirdin lagał v.t. to converse, hold talks with tûakân the United Nations ,at once, altogether; ~î last ﯾـﻪــﺎر witin yekjâr = ووﻦ wutin witû final = ووﺗﻮو wutû unification ﯾﻪﺨﺴﱳ yekkhistin immediately, right away ﯾﻪﺴﻪر collar: dastyân dâyà yakha i yeksar ﯾــﻪــﻪ yakha -alike, identical; ~î identi ﯾــﻪــﺴــﺎن yek they grabbed each other by the yeksân v.t. to lay cality ﯾـــﻪـــﻪ ﮔـــﺮـــﻦ collar; ~-girtin Sunday ﯾﻪﺸﻪﳑﻪ hands on, get hold of, trap: ~’y girtim yekshamma each other, one another ﯾﻪﮐﱰ she trapped me yektir -without pause, straight ﯾـــﻪـــﻮدوو yakha yekudû = ﯾﻪﻗﻪ yaqa to away ﻫــــــﻨـــﺎﻧـــﻪ د ~ memory; henânà د yâd see henân ﯾﻦ -yen دﻩﮔــــﺎر call to mind, remember; ~agâr :v.i.&t.) to hurt) ﯾــﺶ -yesh ﯾــﺸـﺎن memory, souvenir, memento; ~âwar yeshân reminder sarim ayeshâ I had a headache داوﻩر or ﺧﻮد yâkhud huge, enormous زﻩﺑﻪﻻح or zabalâḥ ن yân blow, force, strength زﻩﺮ club zabr ﻧﻪ yâna miserable, helpless; ~î زﻩﺑــــــــــــﻮون friend zabûn ر yâr misery, helplessness زﻩﺑﻮوﱏ potato رﻩﲈﳻ yârałmâsî trouble, difficulty زﻩﲪﻪت zaḥmat ری ــــﺮدن play, game; ~-kirdin ری yârî the ﻻﱉ زﻩﻋــﻴــﻒ ~ thin; lâm i زﻩﻋــﻴــﻒ player za’îf رﮑﻪر v.t. to play; ~kar help, assistance liquid l رﯾﺪﻩ yârîda big, large; fellow زﻩﻻم v.t. zalâm رﻣـﻪﰏ دان help; ~-dân رﻣـﻪﰏ yârmatî wretched, downcast زﻩﻟﻴﻞ to help zalîl time زﻩﻣﺎن police- zamân ﺳـﺎول law, statute; ~wil ﺳـﺎ yâsâ 237 SORANI KURDISH i ~ Ministry of Education زﻩﻣــــﺎوﻩﻧــــﺪ zamâwand , زﻩﻣــــﺎون zamâwin mouth: zârim bû ba tala i taqîw زار wedding; ~-kirdin v.t. to wed zâr1 دﻩم و ~-ornament I was left speechless; dam-u زﻩﻣﻪر zambar mouth زار earth, globe زﻩﻣﲔ zamîn miserable; la ~î in misery زار forearm zâr2 زﻩﻧﺪ zand accent, dialect; zârawagal زاراوﻩ bell zârâwa زﻩﮓ zang dialect bundle زاراوﻩﮔﻪل zargal = زﻩﮕﻪڵ zangał dialect, accent زارﻩوۆک black zârawok زﻩﮕﯽ zangî mouth, opening زارک rich zârik زﻩﮕﲔ zangîn child زارۆ outstanding zârola زﻩق zaq -being, personage; courage, dar زات gold; ~angar goldsmith zât زﻩڕ zař -agriculture ing; ~ i … bûn to dare to (do some زﻩراﻪت zarâ’at thing): ley datirsân u zât i nizzîk زﻩردﻩوا yellow, blond; ~awâla زﻩرد zard bûnawayân nabû they were afraid of زﻩردﻫــﻪــﮕــﻪڕاو wasp, hornet; ~hałgařâw yellowed him and didn’t dare get near -husband, in-law; father’s sis زاوا smile; ~-girtin, - zâwâ زﻩردﻩـــﻪﻧـــﻪ zardakhana kirdin v.t. to smile ter’s husband; daughter’s husband; leggings sister’s husband زﻩرﮔﻪڵ zargał echo زاﯾﻪﻪ wasp zâyała زﻩڕﻦ zařîn lost; ~-bûn to be lost زاﯾﻪ jaundice, hepatitis zâye زﻩرﰽ zarkî A.D.: sada i زاﯾــــــﲎ zâyînî , زاﯾـــﲎ glitter, glimmer; ~î glittering, zâyinî زﻩرق zarq bright nozdaham i ~ the 19th century A.D. marsh زﻠﲀو particle, atom zelkâw زﻩررﻩ zarra golden زﻦ gold; ~în ز earth, ground, floor zeř زﻩوی، زﻩوﻦ (zawî(n -poison ژﻩﻫـﺮاوی poison; ~âwî ژﻩﻫـﺮ angry; ~ bûn la to be angry zhahr زﻩوــــﺮ zawîr with ous; ~âwî-kirdin v.t. to poison meal ژﻩم happiness zham زﻩوﰵ taste; ~î زﻩوق zawq sustenance ژﻩﻣﻪن v.t. to usurp zhaman زﻩوت ﺮدن zawt-kirdin v.t. to rub, stick (s.th. into ژﻩﻧــﺪن v.i. to be born; to be col- zhandin زێ -ze زان zân lected (liquid), to well up: châwim s.th. else); hał-~ ditto: har dû dast’î firmeskî te zâ tears welled up in my hałzhandà khwen i azhdîhâká’dâ she eyes; âw zâyà dammân we’re drool- rubbed both hands in the dragon’s ing (in anticipation) blood .rust, verdigris; ~ le-dân v.t ژﻩــﮓ knowledge, zhang زاـﺴـﺖ learned; ~ist زا zân|â to rust, get rusty زاـﺴــﺘـﮕـﺎ istgâ~ ,زاـﺴــﺘـﮕـﻪ learning; ~istga pain, illness; ~-kirdin v.t. to ژان teaching, in- zhân زاـــﺴــــــﱴ university; ~istî -head ژاﻧــــﻪﺳــــﻪر v.t. to hurt, be painful; ~asar زان -zân زاﻧــــــــــــــﲔ struction; ~în know: wâ bizânim as I believe, I think ache v.t.: râ-~ to ژــــــﻦ -zhen ژاﻧــــــﺪن so); wâ’m zânî gâlta’m dagal dakâ I zhândin) thought he was joking with me; ~în shake, rock Japan ژاﻧﭙﯚن zhânpon زاـــﺮان zân- ba v.t. to consider as; ~rân poor, miserable; poison; ~-dân ژار v.p. to be known, discov- zhâr زاــﺮێ -zânre discovery, finding; v.t. to poison زاــــــــﺮاو ered; ~râw under, beneath; la ~ …awa ژـــــــــــﺮ learned, erudite; ~yârî zher زاﻧـــــــﻴـــــــﺎر yâr~ knowledge, education: wazârat from beneath, secretly; la ~ …dâ زاﻧـﻴـﺎری 238 SORANI–ENGLISH VOCABULARY ,animation ﻧزـﺪﻩﮔـﺎﱏ under back to life; ~agânî -animal, liv ﻧزــــــﺪﻩوﻩر number, issue liveliness; ~awar ژﻣﺎرﻩ zhimâra v.t. to ing creature ژﻣــــــــﺮ -zhimer ژﻣــــﺎردن zhimârdin chain زﳒﲑ count; ~ ba to consider as zinjîr زڕـــــﺮا barren tree; fart; step-; ~birâ زڕ v.p. to be counted, ziř ژﻣــــــــــﺮران zhimerrân -step زڕﺧـﻮﺷـﮏ reckoned step-brother; ~khwishk woman, wife; ~-henân v.t. to sister ژن zhin knee زراﱏ get married (of a man), to take a wife; zirânî زراوﺗــﯚﻗــﲔ gall, courage; ~toqîn زراو wo- zirâw ژﱏ wife’s brother; ~î ﻧژـــــــــﱪا brâ~ manhood galling ;v.i to ring زرـﮕـ -ziringe زرـﮕـﺎن v.t. to hear, ziringân ﻧژـﻪو -zhinaw ﻧژـﻪوـﻦ zhinawtin to reverberate زرﮕﺎﻧﻪوﻩ listen to ~awa explosion, blast زرﻣﻪ cute, darling zirma ژﮑﻪﻪ zhîkała crooked old man زرﺗﻪﺑﯚز ember under ashes zirtaboz ژﯾ(ﻣﯚ) (zhîla(mo winter زﺳﺘﺎن life zistân ژﯾﻨﻪژان life; ~azhân ژﻦ zhîn zimân = زوان hedgehog ziwân ژﺸﮏ zhîshik more زـــﺮ much, more; ~tir la ز room; upward direction; la ziyâ ژوور zhûr inside; than ژوورێ inside; ~è ژوورﻩوﻩ awa~ much; ~î increase; ~tir la زد on the other ziyâd ﺑـــــــــــﻪرﻩوژوور baraw~ la side of more than; ~-kirdin v.t. to add banquet زﻓﻪت north ziyâfat ژووروو zhûrû damage, loss زن hedgehog ziyân ژووژوو zhûzhû zhîlamo = زﯾﻣﯚ meeting place zîlamo ژواﮕﻪ zhwânga clever زﯾﺖ love of zît ژﻧــﺪۆﺳــــﱴ life; ~dostî ژن zhyân saddle زﻦ life zîn alive, living thing زﯾﻨﻪوﻩر v.i. to live; bízhî … zînawar ژی -zhî ژن zhyân -see zind زﯾﻨﺪ -long live … zînd prison زﯾﻨﺪان urban life zîndân ژر zhyâr zindû = زﯾﻨﺪوو zimân zîndû = زن zibân v.t. to زﯾـــﻘــــــﻦ -zîqen زﯾـــﻘـــﺎﻧـــﺪن rough, coarse zîqândin زﺮ zibr sik scream = زگ zig clever زﺮﻩک congenital, native: zwân i zîrak زﮔــــﲈک zigmâk unhappy, angry زﺰ im my native language zîz~ zabân = زﻣﺎن sik zmân1 = زک zik zimân = زﻣﺎن zigmâk zmân2 = زﮐﲈک zikmâk bastard زۆڵ large in body, huge zoł زل zil force; ~-henân bo v.t. to apply زۆر zalâm zor1 = زﻻم zilâm slap; ~-sirawândin v.t. to slap force to; ~-kirdin la kho- v.t. to force ز zilla ;(.oneself, try hard (+ subj., to do s.th زﻣـﺎﻧـﺒـﻪد tongue, language; ~bad زﻣـﺎن zimân -forceful, cruel, oppres زۆردار foul-mouthed, ill-speaking; ~wân ~dâr -cruelty, oppres زۆرداری linguist sive; ~dârî زﻣﺎﻧﻮان strong, forceful زۆر ~prison sion; piř زﻧﺪاﻧﻪ zindâna ~ very; a lot, much; …èk i زۆر alive: zor2 ﺑــﻪ ﻧزــﺪووﰃ alive; ba ~ûî ﻧزــﺪوو zind|û ba zindûî darhenrâ he was taken out many: shitèk i zor many things; ~’î pe alive; ba ~ heshtinawa v.t. to bring nachû before long, it wasn’t long be- 239 SORANI KURDISH clarion زوڕ fore zuřnâ circumstances زورووف wrestling; ~-girtin v.t. to zurûf زۆران zorân early, soon; ba ~î quickly, fast زوو wrestle zû rough, coarse زوور large quantity; majority; ~ i zûr زۆرﺑــــﻪ zorba ;zimân tongue, language = زوان zor i the vast majority of zwân1 -lin زواﻧـﻨـﺎﳻ linguist; ~nâsî زواﻧـﻨـﺎس clever; ~î cleverness ~nâs زۆرزان zorzân ﺷــــــﻮﻩزوان ~mountainous region, sum- guistic, linguistics; shewa زۆزان zozân mer pasturage dialect time: b’ am ~á at this time زوان zimân zwân2 = زون zubân garbage زوﻞ zwel زوﱂ injustice, tyranny; ~lekrâw زوﱂ zulm angry زوﺮ oppressed zwer ﻟﮑﺮاو zwer = زوﺮ corn zwîr زوڕات zuřât zorba = زورﺑﻪ zurba

240 General Index

‘Able, be’ §21 §12.1 Adjectives, attributive §5; compara- Orthographic peculiarities §41 tive §13; with definite nouns §8; Participles, past passive §34.1; per- superlative §13; synopsis §9 fect active §28 Alphabet, pp. 4–7 Phonology, pp. 1–3 Bîr §22 Possession §6 Calendar §12.3 Postpositions §14 Circumpositions §14 Prepositions §14, preposed pronom- Conditionals §19(5), §32(a), §33 inal prepositional complements Conjunctions, subordinating §38 §14.1; possessive pronouns dis- Copulas §15 placed by preposed prepositional complements §27.4 Days of the week §12.2 Pronouns, agent affixes §27, as Demonstratives §4 logical objects of past transitive Directionals §40 verbs §27.2; personal §10; pos- -è §40 sessive §10.1; preposed pronom- Ergativity §27, §27.1 inal complements §14.1; preposi- ‘Have’ §16 tional complements with agent af- -îsh §11 fixes §27.3; possessive pronouns displaced by preposed preposi- Izâfa §6, §7 tional complements §27.4; pro- Months §12.3 nominal objects of verbs §23 Moods, irrealis §32 Relative clauses §39 Noun, absolute state §1; definite ‘Remember’ §22 state §3; indefinite state §2; plural nouns with attributive adjectives South Sorani §27.1 §8; postposed verbal comple- Stress, p. 3 ments §35; synopsis of states §9 Temporal duration §37 Numbers, cardinal §12, ordinal Twânîn §21

163 SORANI KURDISH Verbs, factitive §36; imperative perfect tense §29, §29.1; present §24; irrealis mood §32; in -awa subjunctive §19; simple past §25; §18; passive voice §34; past con- §27 ditional §33; past habitual/pro- Vowel contractions §42 gressive (intransitive) §26; past ‘Want’ §20 passive participle §34.1; past per- Wîstin §20 fect tense §30, §30.1; present ha- bitual/progressive §17; present -yatî §15, §29.1

164