C ONT E NT S

P R E FA C E pag e v n

H E E I S NO N A T UR A L E L I I O s e rie s a & b a bo u t 1 88 T R R G N , [ 7 ]

A LL E L I G I O S A R E ONE [ab ou t 1 7 88] R N _

S O NG S OF I N N O C E N C E 1 7 89

T H E BOOK OF T H E L 1 7 89

V I S I O NS OF T H E D A UG H T E R S OF A L B I O N 1 7 93

T H E M A RR I A G E O F H E A V E N A N D H E L L and A S O NG O F L I BE RT Y [about 1 7 90—93]

AM E R I C A a P R O P H E C Y 1 7 93

O H E PUBL I C c tob e r I O 1 T T O , 7 93

S O NG S O F I N N O C E N C E A ND O F E ! P E R I E N C E 1 7 89—94

T H E FI R S T BOOK OF UR I Z E N 1 7 94

E UR O P E a P R O P H E C Y 1 7 94

[A SM A L L BOOK O F D E S I G N S] 1 7 94— 96

[A L A RG E BOOK OF D E S I G N S about 1 7 95]

T H E S O N G O F L O S 1 7 95

T H E BOOK O F A H A N I A [about 1 7 95]

T H E BOOK O F L O S 1 7 95

M I L T O N 1 8 04 — 1 8 08]

J E R US A L EM 1 804 — 1 8 1 8]

’ O N H OM E R S P O E TR Y [an d] O N V I R G I L [about 1 8 1 8— 2 2]

T H E G H O S T O F A BE L 1 8 2 2

I ND E ! I LLUST R AT I ONS

America te 6 , pla h R in t e n . n n Of n from a proof Lessi g J ose wald Collectio , Library Co gress , h Was ing ton (see p . 43)

‘ ’ S on s o E x erience The T e r g f p , yg

' corrected version from copy P in the possession of Mrs Fran ces W hite

n . 6 1 Emerso ( see pp 53, )

‘ ’ S on s o E x er ience A D n e I m a e g f p , ivi g

d in o n of ff n . rejecte plate , from a proof the p ssessio Geo rey Key es ( see p 54)

E uro e t e 2 p , pla

d n of n n i n early state , before the ad itio e graved li es , from a proof the P n w n Ne o . ierpo t Morga Library, Y rk ( see p 7 7 )

A S mall Book o Desi ns t t e- e 1 6 f g , i l pag , 7 9

n in ss s n of ff n from a colour pri t the po e sio Geo rey Key es ( see p . 85)

A Lar e Boo/f o Desi n s t e 8 g f g , pla

of d Amer ica o o in in part a rejecte plate , probably from , fr m a c lour pr t the R n w n s n . n s n n . Les i g J ose ald Collectio , Library of Co gres , Washi g to ( see p

Milton t e a , pla

s R n d in n . n n from copy D the Les i g J ose wal Collectio , Library of Co gress ,

Washin gton ( see p . 1 02 )

le e 8 . er usa m t y , pla 37

in n of ff n . 1 0 early state , from a proof the possessio Geo rey Key es ( see p 7 ) PR E FA C E

’ ‘ ’ A C E N S US of Blake s I ll u min a te d B ook s w as i n cl ud e d as Sec t i on E in my Yo Biblio r a h o Blake r n te for the G ro e r C u Ne w r in 1 2 1 . g p y f , p i d li l b Of k 9 I comm en t e d t h en on th e fac t t hat t o c ompl e t e th e t a s k of t rac i n g all th e e x s t n co e s w as c e r oss e S n ce n u er of t e we re c ert n i i g p i l a ly imp ibl , i a mb h m ai t o have b e en t e mporar ily l os t t o vi e w an d w ou ld on ly appe a r agai n too late oo I the t rt - t wo e rs t t e e se n ce th e f or in cl u s i on in my b k . n hi y y a ha hav lap d Si M n ore Bibliogr aphy w as i ss u e d t hi s s u gge st i on h as be en fu lly c on fi rm e d . a y m co e s of th e oo s e c o e t o t an d as t e t tr c te n ot ce in pi b k hav m ligh , h y a a d my i priva te han d s or pas sed t h rou gh t h e s al e room s I hav e l os t n o opport un i ty of

n u e scr t on s of t e an d of recor n t e r ro en n ce . I e maki g f ll d ip i h m , di g h i p v a hav

so een e t o re-e x n e ot ers or s e e t e se f or th e rs t t e al b abl ami h , h m my lf fi im , it w as n ur n s ts e t o th e n t e St tes of A er c . E en SO d i g vi i mad U i d a m i a v plai , w en I or e the ro ect of n re s on of th e cen su s t t I cou n ot h f m d p j maki g a vi i , ha ld d o t s s t s ctor un e s s I an e x ert co or tor in th e n t e St t e s hi a i fa ily l had p llab a U i d a , w a r r w as Si nce SO larg e a proport i on of th e b ooks had foun d t h e i r y ove th e e . I t h e re fore e x ce e di n gly fort un at e in b e in g abl e t o in t eres t E d w i n Wolf 2n d in the matt er an d t o pe rs u ad e him t o un d ert ake w i t h m e th e w ork of re vi s i on r o w as re by d ealin g w i t h th e books on his s id e of th e At l an t ic . M W lf al ady a Blak e sch olar by vi rt u e of th e w ork h e had d on e in prepar i n g th e c at al og u e of th e re t e e x t on e in e in 1 w ere h e th e g a Blak hibi i h ld Philad lphia 939, h had gre at advan t ag e of be i n g abl e to compare s e v e ral c opi e s of man y of the books . H e al so pos ses sed th rough h iS n at u ral in s t i n cts an d h is profes s i on a mi n d

r Th e re r t on of t s n e w at t un e d t o t he n ice t i e s of acc ur at e bibli og aphy . p pa a i hi

’ c en s u s of e s w or h as occu e n u er e rs ot Mr Wo an d Blak k pi d a mb Of y a , b h lf

I n ot er occu t on s w c c ou n ot b e en e h e as oo s e er an d havi g h pa i hi h ld d i d , a b k ll

I as s ur eon b u t t s n ot s t ur m e S n ce I n ew ro on e x er en c e a g ; hi did di b , i k f m l g p i

The recor w t hat n o bibli ographi c al w or k w ill gai n by b e i n g h u rr i ed . d ill

w s b e ore n e r co e te t h e on er it t es an d SO it h as ro e t o al ay m a ly mpl l g ak , p v d b e in th e re s en t n s t c e I n re r n t n t s s ec t on th e o r as p i an . p i i g hi i Of Bibli g aphy a separat e pu bli c at i on it h as al so se e m e d t o b e w ort h whil e t o in c l ud e in vii a re vis ed form the i n t rod uc t i on w hic h appe a re d as part of the Bibli og raphi c al

re c e in P fa 1 92 1 .

’ Ne a rly all Blake s w ri t i n g s we re pu bli s h e d in a form w hi ch w as d e ve l ope d

‘ an d rs t u s e ou t t he r H e c e h e roc s fi d by him ab y e a 1 7 88 . all d t p e s I ll u min a t ed

’ r n t n an d t s n e w e n c te s i s c r r he oo ar o o t c t e . T s e c n P i i g , hi am ll i di a ha a b k mm ly

‘ ’ re e rre to as the en r e oo s b u t t s is n cc u r te as the roc e ss is f d g av d b k , hi i a a , p s s t on of re n T . r e en e e e tc . . S t en of the e ially li f hi g J mi h , a f i d Blak family , re te s t t e la ha Blak , after deeply perple x in g h imself as to the mode ofaccomplishi n g the publication of his illus trated

n w h n t o x n - h is h R so gs , ithout t eir bei g subject the e pe se of letter press , brot er obert stood

h im in on e of n n n and SO d h im in in before his visio ary imagi atio s , decide ly directed the way h e h w n which ought to proceed , t at he immediately followed his advice , by riti g his poetry , and drawi n g his margi n al subjects Of embellishmen ts in outli n e upon the co pper-plate with an

a nd h n n th e n h on impervious liquid , t e eati g plai parts or lig ts away with aquafortis c siderably 1 n o . below them , so that the outli es were left as a stere type

’ Robe rt di e d in 1 7 8 7 ; b u t the id e a w as probably in William Blake s mi n d so me

e rs e ore t s f or s s e in An I sla n d in the Moon w r tten ou t 1 8 y a b f hi , a pa ag , i ab 7 4 ,

‘ ’ o h h e r r of th s is e vid en t ly re fers t t e I ll u mi n at e d Pr i n t i n g . T fi s t pa t e pa s age t mfort un atel ss n ro th e n u scr t an d it e n s ru t as o ow s y mi i g f m ma ip , b gi ab p ly f ll

‘ ’ n n h e n . t hus Illumi ati g t Ma uscript . ‘ ’ ‘ ’

A s h e x n . y, said , that would be e celle t ‘ ’ ‘ h n I n n d n of P n 8: T e , said he , would have all the writi g E grave i stead ri ted , at every other leaf a high-fi n ishd pri n t ;— all in three Volumes folio— 8L sell them a h un d red poun ds

’

n off . apiece . They would pri t two thousand

I t is ow e e r u t e os s e t t th e fi rs t e w as s u e s t e to e , h v , q i p ibl ha id a gg d Blak by s o eon e e s e an d in t s c on n e x on it is of re t n te re s t t o fi n d t t he w as m l , hi i g a i ha t o s o e e x ten t a nt c t e G e or e C u er n w ho w rote to his rot e r m i ipa d by g mb la d , b h Ric ha rd e a rly in 1 7 84 as foll ow s

The occasion of my writi n g to-d ay is to se n d you t he enclosed Specimen of my n e w mode of Pri n ti n g— it is th e amusemen t of an eve n i n g an d is ca pable of prin ti ng 2 000 if I w an ted them— you see here on e page which is e x ecuted as easily as writin g an d the Cost is trifli n g for your Copper is worth at any rate n ear as much as it cost besides you are n ot obliged ' n an h n ou n on e n n in to pri t y more t a y wa t at time , so that if the do t take you have oth g to

1 Nollekens a n d [1 15 Times 1 8 28 6 1 . , , ii , 4 viii Pref ace

— to th e a n it . n n 2 000 do but cut Copper to pieces or cle But if it does , you may pri t 4 editio s , ,

a w h n ot ffi . n d th en sell the Plates as well . All this ould be much if t ere was some di culty A work [thus] pri n ted c an on ly be read with the help of 21 looki n g Glass as th e letters are in n n c an r . . 20 eversed however we have a remedy for this defect also , for pri ti g we have 20 more right by on ly takin g off th e impression while wet— in fact this is on ly etchi n g words n n n h as h n of the i stead of La dscapes , but obody yet thought of the utility of it t at I k ow ; w h h x n of n n h . n e pe se this page is without recko i g time , was ever yet wort much to aut ors , I n n x and k an d th e Copper is worth agai n when cut up . my e t I will tell you more ma e you 1 an n n . also e graver of this sort , till whe keep it to yourself

’ I t is n ot n own w en e rs t e C u e r n s c u n t n ce b u t his k h Blak fi mad mb la d a q ai a , e r es t e tter t o is te 6 Dece er 1 an d th e an n er of re s s in a li l him da d mb 7 95 , m add T ere is t hi s l etter make s it probabl e tha t t h e y had m e t som e t im e b e fore thi s . h n o evid en ce that e i th e r of the C u mberlan d s at ten d e d th e salons in Rat hb on e Place at th e ouse of Mrs M t e w w ose u e s ts are s u os e to e e en , h a h , h g pp d hav b s t r ze e in An I slan d in the Moon b u t it is w t n th e oun s of a i i d by Blak , i hi b d

oss t the ss e ro t s wor re u ote w t its re e ren c e t o p ibili y ; pa ag f m hi k al ady q d , i h f

‘ ’ th e en grave d w ri t i n g (t h ou gh it w as re ally etched ) an d th e pr i n t i n g off of 2000 co e s w e e e en se on c on ers t on s c on cern n C u e r pi , may ll hav b ba d v a i i g mb

’ h e n u sc r t is lan d s d iscove ry h e ard by Blake at on e of t h e s e gath e ri n gs . T ma ip

’ e e e t o e on t o 1 8 t he s e e r as C u er an s e tter t o his b li v d b l g 7 4 , am y a mb l d l

ro er b th . At w hat e ver date it may have be en t hat Blake fi rs t t h ou ght of his n e w For et o of oo ro uc t on it is c e r t t h e n ot u s e it e ore 1 88 . m h d b k p d i , l a ha did b f 7 thi s w e have th e au th ori ty of his own s t at e men t in t h e c ol oph on t o The Ghost

‘ ’ o Abel ss u e in 1 8 22 : e s Or n St ere ot e w as I t is s t f , i d Blak igi al yp ill un ce rt ain w h eth er t hi s re fe rs t o th e fi rs t plat e s of th e S ongs of I n nocence or t o

s o tu al Reli ion I t is ro e t t e w rot e ou t th e plat e f There is No Na r g . p babl ha Blak

u e scr t on of t s an d ot er t ec n c roc e s se s n en t e f or h e a f ll d ip i hi h h i al p i v d by him ,

‘ re ers t o an ccoun t of r ou s I n en t on s in Art f or w c I e ro f a my va i v i , hi h hav p

’ c ure u s er in e tter t o G eor e Cu er n t e 1 Dece er d a P bli h a l g mb la d , da d 9 mb 1 808 b u t th e w or se e s n e e r t o e e en c o e te an d is n ot n ow n to , k m v hav b mpl d k o have s u rvive d in an y f rm .

1 k n : ek r — e n 8 . Th umberlan d Le tters n n Se e 1 1 2 . 1 1 C , edited by Cleme ti a Blac , Lo do , 9 , pp 3 7 Cumber ’ h i at e v V 8 n his h Of h n in S n n M s N w Review ol . I 1 la d also described met od etc i g a ort article He ry y , , 7 4 , ’ i e lake Se n L o B 1 2 . 1 8 . . 1 8 . e n p 3 Mo a Wilso s f f , 9 7 , p 3

ix ’ The e s s ence of Blake s proce s s w as t h e re v e rs al of th e ordi n a ry i n t agli o

e t o u s e C u e r n t he w t e s e n e tc e n s t e of th e r s s o m h d d by mb la d , hi b i g h d i ad da k , t t a s oo ou t on t h e te in re e as s t e re ot e The ha t h e t e x t n d d e s ign s t d pla li f a yp . t e x t o o S t w as w r t t en on t h e e t an d t h e e s n s cc r n t . T . , a di g J mi h , i m al d ig

r wn on it w t ru s w t s o e e u e r ou s t o c . C u e r n d a i h a b h i h m m di m imp vi a id mb la d ,

e n on an t e ur e n r e r an d e tc e r s e s in h is e sc r t on of h av in b i g ly ama g av h , p ak d i p i g t o u se rror t o re t h e r n t t t is h e w r t t e n th e t e x t on t he c o e r a mi ad p i , ha had i pp i o w o r n e t h e ro e s s on w ou be n the r n r a . On the t e di a y y h ha d Blak , p f i al , ld

r c t s e in t he art of w r t n c w r s on th e c o e r s o t t t he r n t p a i d i i g ba k a d pp , ha p i w w N e rt e e s s th e ou r of w r t in ou t ou ld com e ou t the righ t ay rou n d . e v h l lab i g t he t e x t of on oe s uc as er usa lem in t s w a w ou be en s e an d a l g p m h j hi y ld imm , it h as b e en s u gge s t e d m ore t han on ce t hat t h e w ri t in g may have b e en d on e in

’ t he fi rs t plac e on pape r an d t h en t r an s fe rre d w hil e S t ill w e t t o th e coppe r by

re s s n th Th e e x c t c o os t on th e flu t t p i g e pape r on t o it s s u rface . a mp i i Of id ha

e u se is n ot n own b u t it w as re s u s o e n of s to n -ou t Blak d k , p mably m ki d ppi g

T w h r e st oo s nc u n There is No rn s . s e t o as u s e in t e e va i h hi m h d d a li b k , i l di g

Na tural Reli ion S on s o I n nocence a n d o E x erience Thel an d The Il/I arria e g , g f f p , , g

H eaven a d w r e o e o c t on o n H ell . 1 o e e e f By 7 93, h v , Blak had v lv d a m difi a i Of

‘ ’ his or n roc es s w c h e se c e w oo —c u t t n on c o e r an d igi al p hi h him lf all d d i g pp , t hi s he u s e d in conjun c t i on w i th th e fi rs t m e t h od in m os t of the w orks i s s u e d

’ t e r t s t e h o is e s t e scr e in e s ow n w or s . T e sec on e t af hi da d m h d b d ib d Blak d , t aken from s om e m e mor an da w ri t t en on page 1 0 of th e Not e book ( Ros s e tt i MS .

IVI em ora n d am

V V h oodc u t o o h e 8L n . n To n Pewter . lay a groun d n t Plate smoke it as for Etchi g t e trace your l outli n es an d begi nn in g with the Spots of ligh t on each object with an oval po in ted n eedle

o ff n n h n n h t he n scrape the grou d , as a directio for your graver t e proceed to gravi g wit grou d on the plate bei n g as careful as possible n ot to h urt th e grou n d because it bei ng black w ill shew perfectly what is w a nted .

Ill emora n d um

TO c of in th e on n h n & . n Copper . Lay a grou d as for Etc i g , trace , , i stead Etch g h in . blacks etch the W ites , bite it

1 Mr John Buck lan d \'V righ t poin ts ou t to me that this i n str umen t is th e French echoppe used by ‘ ( a t l m n t he n n ca n n in n of a n n in an d h llo By u i g poi t li es be broade ed imitatio e graved l e , w ites cleared away . Thi s proce s s di ff e rs from the fi rs t in t ha t th e pla te w as fi rs t c ov e re d w i th

roun an d t en th e rt s t o b e e tc e t t is t o s a th e w te re s an d a g d , h pa h d , ha y hi a a

n e s of th e e s n s w e re s c r e Off w t o n t e n s t ru en t th e re li d ig , ap d i h a p i d i m ; a a i n ten d e d f or t h e t e x t w as t h en d en ud e d of g rou n d an d th e t e x t w ri t t e n on t h e

r r s rre t o i a r r n t h w o w a m e t al (o t an fe d t ) s al e ady d e sc ib e d . Fi ally e h l e pla te s he c o o f w e tc h e d w i t h ac id . T mbi n at i n o th e t o m e t h od s w as u s e d in America

an d in E uro e an d so in th e t er oo s Milton an d er alem h us . I t e e s p , al la b k , y f pag

’ of an un col ou re d c opy of jerusalem b e c l ose ly e x amin e d it w ill b e fou n d q u i te e asy t o di st i n gu i sh by th e q u ali ty of the ou tlin e s t h os e d e s ign s that w e re d rawn ‘ — w i t h a bru s h from t h os e tha t w e re d on e by th e m e th od of w ood c u t t i n g on

’ ‘ ’ r The roce ss c e e w oo —c u n co e . t t on e w t er w c pp p all d by Blak d i g p , hi h

e en e on th e u s e of r e r n s te of an e tch n w t an c w as d p d d a g av i ad i g i h a id , occ s on u se in th e u n t e oo s s e e a i ally d Ill mi a d B k ( p . it is al s o b e li e v e d t o

e e en u se f or t he ro s e Little Tom the Sailor an d in t h e r n t hav b d b ad id , , p i

‘ ’ ’ n own as Th e Man Sw e e n th e n t e r ret e r s r ou r k pi g I p Pa l .

Th e t es of th e u n t e oo s w e re r n t e in an or n r re ss b u t pla ill mi a d b k p i d di a y p , it w as n o ou t s ow an d or ou s roce s s as w as rs t o n te ou t John d b a l lab i p , fi p i d by

‘ ’ c son in his Treatise on Wood E n ravin AS it w as ffi J . d i cult h e w r t e s a k g g , i ,

‘ ’ cc or n t o e s roce s s t o c orro e the r e w t e rt s t o e t a di g Blak p , d la g hi pa a d p h s u ffi c i en t t o pre v en t t h e i r b e in g t ou ch e d by th e dau ber or ball in t h e proce s s of n n an d t u s re s en t n s o e e r n ce in th e re s s on h e w as i ki g , h p i g a il d app a a imp i , ’ 1 ccu sto e t o w e th e ink ou t w ere it t ouc e in th e o ow T s a m d ip h had h d h ll s . hi w as ot ow e e r his r r n n e c t c e . I t is u t e e en t f or n st nce in , h v , i va iabl p a i q i vid , i a , som e copi e s of jer usalem t hat h e Obt ai n e d his high- light s by w ipin g ou t part on of th e o ow s s o t t r n u t e e ff ect n r t on of t s ly h ll , ha a g a la d , givi g a g ada i ligh ,

a I i w s obt ain ed from th e re main d er . t s al so c e rt ai n t hat h e s om e t im e s g ou ge d ou t th e m e t al from th e larg er h oll ow s SO t hat n o ink from t h e m w ou ld re ac h

Non e of t h e or th e er . n c o er te s h as s ur e t o t h e res en t pap igi al pp pla viv d p day , e x ce t f or s r en t b u t S x t e en of th e t e s f or th e Son s o I n p a mall f agm , i pla g f n ocence an d of E xperience w e re in e x i s t en c e in 1 863 an d e l ectrotyp e s w ere

’ e ro t e f or th e rst e t o of T e s e mad f m h m fi di i n Gilchr i s t s Lif e . h e l ectrot ypes are st in th e osse ss on of t h e r n t e rs Me ssrs C an d Son of un as ill p i p i , lay B gay ,

1 k n an d h t e W J Tr atise on ood E n ravin 1 8 . 1 6 . ac so C at o , g g , 39, p 7

x i w as rs t s co e re t h e t e L u re n c e n on an d u c te s e t s e e en fi di v d by la a Bi y , d pli a hav b 1 ’ e for m e T e s e are e x c t re ro uc t on of mad . h a p d i s Blake s pla t es an d it is q u i te

r w o c l e a h e re Blake u s e d th e g ug e . I t is plai n t ha t Blake al s o u s e d h is g rav e r e x t e n s ive ly on t he pla te s aft e r

T s c an be e te c t o w t h e y had be e n e tc h e d . hi d e d n a f e pla t e s of w hic h t h e re are

‘ ’ s or x I t is s o di ff e re n t s ta t e f e ami n a t i on . al c on spi c u ou s in the pla t e s for t he

S on s in w c e h as a e t he r e r t o t e n t h e e ff ec t in t he Son s g , hi h Blak ppli d g av ligh g

I n ocence b u t h as e t t h e e s n s rs a d e i h S n n n t e on s o E x erience . of , l f d ig ha h h avy g f p The re li e f e tc hi n g w as u se d in all th e ill u mi n a t e d books w i t h t he e x ce pt i on of t w o The Book o Los an d The E OO/f o Aha n ia in t e se the t e x t is e x ec u te , f f ; h d by th e ordi n a ry p roce s s of e tc hi n g . The w h ol e n u mb er Of e tc h e d pla t e s t ha t Blake acc u m u la te d m u s t hav e be e n c on s e r e f or th e r n t n t h e r ou s oo s w as on e at in t e r s o e r id abl , p i i g Of va i b k d val v

on e r o of e rs an d it is ro e t t os t the w o e s toc w as in th e a l g p i d y a , p babl ha alm h l k

’ os s s s o e s w ow f or s e r r r i rs e oe s p e i n Of Blak id ve al ye a s aft e h s d e a t h . M Blak d

’ n ot s e e t o e e u se of t e b u t w e n at h e r e t e s s toc s m hav mad h m , h d a h Blak k

s s e n t o t he e e n of re e r c T t s e e r of t h e s e ts of t e s pa d i k pi g F d i k a ham , v al pla w w e re t e n ou t an d f e re s s on s e ro t e . os t u ou s c o e s ak a imp i mad f m h m P h m pi , as w be s e en of t h e S on s o I n n ocence a nd o E x erience E uro e America ill , g f f p , p , ,

w w Th e te s an d erusalem e re r n te ou t 1 8 2 an d are rec or e e o . y all p i d ab 3 , d d b l pla are s t en t o e e e n s t o e n an d s o as e t an d t e r u e ro aid h hav b l ld Old m al , h i val f m

w w h e on re c of th e or n t hi s p oi n t of vi e as n o d ou b t c on s id erabl e . T ly li igi al w Rosen w o ec t on c o e r te s t t I e s e en n o in t h e Le s s n . C pp pla ha hav , i g J ald ll i , L r r of C on re s s W s n t on is r en t of te of America th e ib a y g , a hi g , a f agm pla a , 2 r I t w as oun in an old e n r n c n e t fi rs t of th e t h e e c an ce ll ed pla t e s . f d g avi g abi 3 on ce th e ro ert of oun u t t s t o w o e en e ou re t o t e c p p y y g B , h m Blak had d av d a h th e e e en t s en r n an d h as c ru e en r n the u on th e l m Of g avi g , a d g avi g by p pil oth er s id e of th e c opp e r . I t is of i n t e re s t t o n ot i c e t ha t Blak e re d uc e d at on ce the b u lk a nd e x pen se Of T s is s own t h e re s ence on th e pla te s by e tc hi n g e ac h on b ot h s id e s . hi h by p a

1 On e O h n ow in the F n an . f t ese sets is itzwilliam Museum , Cambridge , E gl d 2 D e in th e h h xh n a talo ue 1 n o . 68 . escrib d P iladelp ia E ibitio C g , 939, 3 — 8 an d an in th e Con A h of S Kirk u Rossetti Pa e s 1 0 . 1 sc ool fellow eymour p ; see p r , 9 3, p 7 , article i seur n o of no s 1 0 . . , 9 7 ( by a sister Mrs Butts

x ii ’ n u e r of r n ts of th e te- e r s r w c w as re s u s t e mb p i pla mak ma k , hi h p mably amp d

o o e of h o I the c o e s of th e oo s s n n e s id t e pla te n ly . n pi b k i s ue d by Blake him

se t s r h as u s u e en o te r te the c o ou r n b u t in CO ie s lf hi ma k ally b bli a d by l i g , p w c w ere un co oure or w e re r n t e te r h is e t it is s o e t e s c e r hi h l d , p i d af d a h , m im l a ly d s e en an d c an b e ec e re as : ones a n Pon ti ex No. Shoe La ne Lon don , d iph d j f , 47 , ,

fi rm re re se te un re en r 8c So s n t c t Me ss s H . on t e x n L te a p d il ly by P if , imi d ,

E n n e ers S oe L n e . gi , 43 h a

rs t r ts of t re e of th e S on s o I n n ocence are o of A Fi d af h g f f un d in th e MS . n

I slan d in the Moon an d of s e r of th e Son s o E x erience i the N e n ote oo . , v al g f p b k O th erw i se n on e of th e origi n al te x ts of an y of th e I ll u mi n a te d B ooks is kn own t o r e s f or so e of th e e or ar have s u vive d . Id a m d c at i on s e sc atte re d th rough th e e s f h e N o t ote oo . x o f he Four Z a w E n t on f the MS . o T o s n o in th e pag b k ami a i ,

M n u scr t De rt en t of th e r t s Mu s e u s ow s t t e re s e an d a ip pa m B i i h m , h ha Blak vi d al t ere d his compos i t i on s a gre at d e al ; b u t on c e h e had c ommi tt ed th e te x t to copp er plate s it w as e x tre m e ly difficu l t t o make an y furth er al te rat i on oth e r t n er su re f w or r A n or t e r o a ha a o d s o li n e s . mi al at i n h s be en d etec ted on ‘ te of er usalem w ere h e h as c n e ale t o blue re o n rts of pla 37 j , h ha g d p by m vi g pa e t ters ro re l f m th e stere otype . Any m o e x t en s iv e al terat i on c ou ld on ly b e

on e n n ot er te an d t s h e w en h e re—e tc e t re e te s d by maki g a h pla , hi did h h d h pla

A a cc s o r of of meric . O a i n ally pa t a plate w as mas ke d by b e in g cov e re d w i t h er w en it w as e n r n t e as w as on e f or t e 2 in s o e c o e s of pap h b i g p i d , d pla m p i

America an d t on s w ere e r w t e n e s as in E u e en n ro . , addi i mad by g avi g hi li , p

O t en ow e er e r e th e con s t t u t on of oo in ff eren t c o e s f , h v , Blak va i d i i a b k di pi , plate s b e in g adde d or su btracte d at di ff eren t per i od s or the ord er be in g

T u s th e on o I n e d chan ge d . h S gs f n oc nce a n of E xperience un d erw en t a s e r i e s of c n es e tw een 1 8 an d 1 1 ot in c on st t u t o rr n 8 8 n an d e en t . ha g b 7 9 , b h i i a a g m Plat e 4 of Urizen w as i ncl u d e d in on ly t hre e of th e s e ven c op i e s kn own ; fi v e plate s of Milton are fou n d in on ly tw o of th e four c opi es kn ow n ; plat e iii of E uro e is o i o w o of w w N o p f un d n n ly t the t e lve c op i es kno n . o d u b t Blake had his re son s so e t e s n o on er t o b e sco e re f or t u s t er n h is oo s a , m im l g di v d , h al i g b k ,

‘ ’ an d it is c l e ar that th e ordin ary s t an dard s of t echn ic al p erfect i on can n ot b e

e t o s uc n u r uc appli d h i divid al p od t i on s . Al so th e col ou r in g of th e b ooks w as

on e at n t er s s o e t e s of n e rs an d is n e e r u t e th e s e in an d i val , m im ma y y a , v q i am y

x iii w o c o s H e re n t e r a b o t pi e . agai h e c n e n d e fi n i te s t a n da rd of m e ri t ; the e s t ima t on of t s us t e en on th e t s t e of t h e o s e r e r i hi m d p d a b v .

I t o ow s ro t h e ore o n re r s t t in t te t n o r c f ll f m f g i g ma k ha , a mp i g a bibli g aphi al

e sc r t on of the I u n t e oo s it w as u s e e s s ere t o e e t s of d i p i ll mi a d B k , l m ly giv d ail e c oo ro s o e on e c o t t en e t o b e re Not n a h b k f m m py ha happ d adily availabl e . hi g l e s s s u ff ic e d t ha n a page- by- page d e sc ript i on of an id e al c opy s u ppos ed t o c on t n th e te s t o e t e r w t u e t s of e e r e x s t n c o t t ai all pla , g h i h f ll d ail v y i i g py ha c ou b e t r c e an d in t h e o ow n e s t s n h as e en u rs u e as f ar ld a d , f ll i g pag hi pla b p d a o Th e n ce t on of t s s w as s p s s ibl e . i p i hi t a k d u e t o a s u gge s t i on mad e t o m e in 1 1 I th e te Dr Jo n S s on of L e r oo n e rs t who se 9 by la h amp iv p l U iv i y , had him lf mad e a be gi n n i n g by d e sc ribi n g in d e t ail s om e of th e c opi e s of th e S ongs of

I n n ce ce an d o x e ience in i o n E r h s e t on of th e Poetical Works 1 0 . Th e f p di i , 9 5 approx imate c ompl e t i on of th e t a s k h e re at t ai n e d h as on ly b e e n mad e pos s ibl e

the e of Mr W o an d th e n r e cou rte s of t he o wn e rs of the by h lp lf, by i va iabl y

oo s r a b k b ot h in G e a t B ri t ai n n d Am eri c a . Th e ga th e ri n g of t h e se d e t ail s con ce rn i n g th e I ll u mi n a t e d B ooks is n ot on ly of u e t o th e c o ec tor and c on n o s s e u r b u t eco e s of c on s e r e im val ll i , b m id abl

’ ort n c i uc h e t t - ow c s e s I t is ro p a e n e l ida t in g t li l e kn n fa t of Blak life . p babl e

’ t hat Blake s bi og raph e rs hav e i n s i s te d t oo m uc h on h is pov e rty an d h an d-to

c e the c s w r o it w as n t u r or ot en m ou t h e x i s te n c e . Si n fa t e e n t availabl e a ally f g t t hat th e Ill u mi n a te d B ook s m u s t hav e be en a s l ow b u t s t e ady s ou rc e of i n c om e . I n the foll ow i n g page s are c oll ec t e d d e t ail s of n e a rly 1 60 Copi e s Of th e vari ous

oo s w c w ere s o at r ce s r n ro on e t o t en u n e s b k , hi h ld by him p i va yi g f m g i a ; d u ri n g th e 1 60 y e ars t hat have e laps e d Si n ce Blake b e gan to prod uce t h e m s o e c o e s e n o ou t e en e s tro e an d ot ers e n ot e t co e t o m pi hav d b b d y d , h hav y m

re w r e r for his oo s w as c e rt n n ot ro ligh t . The a d that Blak ec e iv e d b k ai ly p

ort ion at e t o the en u s an d ou r e x en e u on t e b u t t e e e p g i lab p d d p h m , h y h lp d , n e e rt e e s s t o ro e w t t h e e ns of s u s s t en c e a nd c rr n on v h l , p vid him i h m a b i Of a yi g

’ h is w or T re e s ts e s w or s w t t e r r c e s e c o e own to u s k . h li Of Blak k i h h i p i hav m d , s o t ha t t h ere is d e fi n i te e vid en c e as t o t h e m on e y h e re c e iv e d for th e b ooks at

f T e s e r c e s are u ot e in th e o ow n e s on t h e dif e ren t p eri od s . h p i q d f ll i g pag am g T e are t o b e n ote s on e c oo s o t t th e s t s n e e n ot b e re r n te e re . a h b k , ha li d p i d h h y

in e t t e r t o D w son foun d in th e Prospectus of 1 0 Oc tob e r 1 7 93 (se e p . a l a

x iv Preface

T u rn e r t e J un e 1 8 1 8 an d in e t te r t o G e or e C u e r n t e da d 9 , a l g mb la d da d

’ r I rs ro e s s t te s 1 2 Ap il 1 8 2 7 . t appe a f m Blak a m en t in th e s econ d of th e s e l e tte rs that at t hat da te h e had di s p ose d of his w h ol e s t oc k of books al re ady

r n t e w t the e x ce t on of his c o oure c o Of er usalem b u t t t h e w as p i d i h p i l d py f , ha

s t re t o re re Co e s w en e n te or ere c u s o ill ady p pa pi h d fi i ly d d by a t me r . I n s u mma r i zi n g th e d e t ail s ga t h e re d c on c e rn i n g e ac h book c e rt ai n ge n e rali zat ion s c an b e e w c are s o e t es of e in s s n n te t o an mad , hi h m im h lp a ig i g a da y

rt c u r c o For t e s e re e ren c e u st b e e t o th e ot . n e s r n t e in pa i la py h , f m mad p i d

th e o w I o so e s ro r es o n . n t n t e r n c e s I pag f ll i g addi i m ill b ad p i ipl e me rg e . t is e vid en t t hat Blake n e v e r pri n t e d m ore t han a s mall n u mber of c opi e s of an y

oo at t e f or h e r e th e rou n t n t in w c the te s we re r n t e b k a im , va i d g d i hi h pla p i d

alm os t as m uc h as h e did th e s u bs eq u en t ill u mi n at i on . H e u se d vari ou s Shad e s

of rown e ow se re en ue re or c s o e t es th e c o ou r b , y ll , pia , g , bl , g y , bla k ; m im l may

u va ry am on g th e c on s t i tu en t pla te s of on e c opy . U s ally th e pri n t i n g w as d on e in mon oc h rom e ; b u t s om e of th e plate s of the s mall d ogmat i c w orks on Nat ural

Re o r n te in ore t o e c o r ligi n app e ar t o hav e b een p i d m han n l ou . Blake al so

e x er en t e w t ore e or te or of c o ou r r n t n u s n t c p im d i h a m lab a f m l p i i g , i g hi k

u e en t s ro uc n r n u t e e ff ect w en th e e r w as u e o ff Opaq pigm , p d i g a g a la d h pap p ll d

th e Th e re s u n r n ts w ere t en u s u wor e u w t w e r- plat e . l ti g p i h ally k d p i h at c ol our

w s e s i o A f ew c o e s of th e S on s o E x erience an d th e r t i a h n addi t i n . pi g f p p i n s n

w a I n on e oo e o the Books o Desi ns w ere on e in t s . Th S n o Los f g d hi y b k , g f ,

h e c on n e se e n t re t o th e o u e e u th e e x c t co os t on fi d him lf i ly paq m di m , a mp i i of w w t o it n ot c on t oil c re n s t mk n o n u n . hi h mai , h gh did ai

’ Gilc h ri s t make s s u c h prec i se s t at e m en ts ab ou t Blak e s u s e of w a te r—c ol ou rs

’ that it m u s t b e s u ppos e d h e had fi rs t- h an d i n format i on from th e art i s t s fri en d s : He groun d an d mi x ed his water-c olours himself on a piece of statuary marble after a ’ own w n n w h e n the method ofhis , ith commo carpe ter s glue diluted , hich had fou d out , as early h n n n . d n I talia s had do e before him , to be a good bi der Josep , the sacre carpe ter , had appeared

h e d in n and tha t h im . an : n visio revealed secret to The colours used were few Simple i digo ,

n n k — n h n ot cobalt , gamboge , vermilio , Fra fort black freely , ultramari e rarely , c rome at all . ’ 1 — h h h he h n ot . These he applied with a camel s air brush , wit a sable , w ic disliked

’ e s u s e of w t e r—c o ou rs in his I u n t e oo s is n e e w ort of Blak a l ll mi a d B k , i d d , hy

c re u s t u b u t it c an on b e r e fl c on s ere e re . er s th e ost a f l dy , ly b i y id d h P hap m

1 Li e 1 880 . 0 . f , , i , p 7

! V c o mpre h e n s ive vi e w c o u ld b e o b t ai n e d by a s u rv e y Of t he c ol ou r i n g in t he

Son s o I n n ocence a n d o E x erience e n n n w t t h e s e r t e ss u e s of th e g f f p , b gi i g i h pa a i

S on s o I n n ocence s n c e e c o e t e ore c o e s of t e s e t n of an g f , i Blak mpl d m pi h ha y

ot e r oo an d w or a o e r r c o h b k ke d t t h e m v e r a l on ge r pe ri od . Th e a li e pi e s are

’ c o ou re w t e x t re e s c t b u t as th e e rs s s e e s t s te for l d i h m impli i y , y a pa d Blak a

e or t on re w t he c o e s on e t e r t h e e r o en n ou t 1 8 00 e in lab a i g , pi d af p i d di g ab b g

uc ore c re u n s e t n t os e o w m h m a f lly fi i h d ha h d n e e a rli e r . I t as c hi e fly from 1 8 1 5

un t the en d h is e t t he e t e n e t h e e ff e c w h s o Th e il Of lif ha h igh d t i t h t e u e Of g ld . u t of th e c o ou r n in th e I u n t e oo s r e s as uc as t h e e t od q ali y l i g ll mi a d B k va i m h m h , a nd w h en t he q u ali ty is p oor t h e re h as be en a t en d en cy t o a sc rib e it t o th e

n of rs s is s r o ha d M Blake . Thi n ece s a ily c nje c t u ral an d is pe rhaps un fai r t o t h e

e or of e o w c r s t re e rs t o he r s r i h w m m y a d v te d ife . Gil h i f ha e n t e ork s e v e ral

‘ t s I th c ou rs f his r im e . n e e o re ma k s on th e S ongs of I n nocence h e w ri te s : H e

e t u t Mrs e t o t e off t he re s s on s w t c re an d e c c [Blak ] a gh Blak ak imp i i h a d li a y , whi c h s uc h pla t e s s ign ally n ee d e d ; an d al s o t o h elp in t in t i n g t h e m from his ’ 1 r w n w r r s c A n in e scr n he c o s s e d a i gs i t h igh t a t i t i fe e li n g . gai d ibi g t mbi n e d i u

‘ ’ of th e S on s h e s s : Th e e r low— rice c o es — Flax m an s for n s t n c e g , ay a ly , p d pi , i a t ou s t e r in co our oss es s e c c of e e n re s n e s s of e x ecu t on h gh ligh l , p a d li a y f li g , a f h i ,

t en os t in th e r c e r ore ou re e x e s e s ec in t os e n s e Of l i h , m lab d ampl , p ially h fi i h d

’ i w w On e of the t t e r r t e r th e rt s t s e t h s o . I e n ot ce e af a i d a h by id la hav i d , v y

u an d e in c o ou r the t n t s on w t s t ron an d n sc r n t n f ll h avy l , i laid i h a g i di imi a i g ’ 2 H e h ad s e en Mrs e at w or an d w rot e t o L t ouch . William ayl y Blak k ady

‘ H e s et in J u 1 802 the oo w o n n ot on oe s t he w or of th e k h ly , g d ma ly d all k

’ H ou s e b u t sh e e en e s th e re t e r rt of h e r H u s n s re s s an d , v mak g a p a ba d d , ’ 3 r T ere c an t ere ore b e n o ou t t t Mrs e s s s t s in his A t . a i him h , h f , d b ha Blak did s o e t e s e an in th e c o ou r n of th e oo s t ou it is os s e m im hav a h d l i g b k , h gh imp ibl w e rt t o id en t ify h er w ork i t h a ny c ain ty . I n a s s ign i n g dat e s t o th e va ri ou s c opi e s of th e books it h as be en of g re a t a s s i s t a nce to rec ord c are fully t h e w at e rmark s fou nd in t he pape r on w hi c h

I n c o e s n o w t e r r c a n b e s e en as it h as e en c u t t e are r n te . n h y p i d ma y pi a ma k , b

Off w ith t h e r n rt s of th e e e s or ren e re n s e t he co ou r n ma gi al pa l av , d d i vi ibl by l i g ,

1 2 Li e . 0 . . . 1 2 2 . f , p 7 Ibid p ’ 3 h Bl ke s H a le h 1 1 . 2 . Morc ard Bis op , a y y , 95 , p 7 9

n c t on s s u e t he w te r r s th e rr n e e n t an d c on s t t u t on of i di a i ppli d by a ma k , a a g m i i t he oo s th e c r c te r of t e r c o ou r n an d t e r e rs on ssoc t on s b k , ha a h i l i g , h i p al a ia i , hav e mad e it pos s ibl e t o a s s ign an appro x ima t e da te t o alm os t e ve ry on e of

’ Blake s I ll u mi n a t e d B ooks of w hi c h w e hav e be en abl e to obt ai n a d e t ail e d

e s r o I t is ro e t as e scr on s are o c t n . t t t n e of oo s w c d ip i p babl ha , d ip i b ai d b k hi h are at re s en t un t r ce or u t e un n own s t re te r cc u r c in t n p a d q i k , ill g a a a y da i g c o s w b e Mr T o s Ba s o e t t n e . l t n re n s m e ow e e r t t n o pi ill a ai d h ma mi d , h v , ha da te o th e r t han 1 7 94 w as u s e d in pape r mad e by t he fi rm Of Wha t ma n u n t il

t e r 1 800 an d t t n o e r e e ore 1 h as an a te t . At af , ha pap mad b f 7 94 y da all a

t e r e r o th e t e w as c n e f or e c e r in w c t h e e r w as e la p i d da ha g d a h y a hi h pap mad , b u t c a u t i on m u st al w ay s b e u se d in maki n g u se of w a t e rma rks for t he da t i n g of th e oo s c on n n t b k t ai i g h e m . Th ere is n o record of th e origi n al own ers hip of a g re a t ma n y of the Copi e s of t he I u n te oo s b u t s uc c t s as e e en t e re s ow t t on ll mi a d B k , h fa hav b ga h d h ha am g

’ ’ e s e s t c u s t o e rs for t e w e re T o s u t ts I s c D I s rae li G e or e Blak b m h m h ma B , aa , g

C u er n an d Jo n L n n e . O t es e u t ts C u e r n an d L n n e mb la d , h i ll f h , B , mb la d , i ll ,

’ e n on e s c ose s t r en s n t u r ou t Co e s of os t of his b i g am g Blak l f i d , a ally b gh pi m

’ Th e ss oc o w ra w w or s . t n t D I s eli o e er is c u r ou s f or h e e n o k a ia i i h , h v , i , mad re e ren ce to e in his w r t n s t ou h e e t en ou n t e re s t in f Blak i i g , al h gh f l gh i him

ou th e e r 1 t o b u f h i wor s Th e S on s o I n n ocence a d o ab t y a 7 94 y s ix o s k . g f n f

E x erience w as e en t f ar the os t o u r an d it s e e s t o e p vid ly by m p p la , m hav

’ r ct e n c u s t o e rs w h o n ot b u c o e s of r w s at t a d ma y m did y p i Blake s ot h e ork .

Soon t e r h is e t an d ou t th e e of th e n n e t e e n t c en t u r t e re af d a h , ab middl i h y , h

’ r s e r e e r c ors of e oo s appe a ed v e al ag oll ect Blak s b k . William B e c kford acq u i re d

’ of t e n c u n os t of C u e r n s c o s n e . en n D s r e ma y h m , i l di g m mb la d pi B jami i a li

’ h i r r r i n h e ri t e d s fa t h e r s an d may have ac q u i e d ot h e rs . F e d e i ck Loc ke r

o ou w r r r n c s r w a Lamp s n b gh t a n u mbe r for t he Ro fan t Lib a y . F a i Palg ave s t he own e r of s e e r n ow in th e r t s Mu s e u an d s n c n t c o ect on w as v al B i i h m , a ig ifi a ll i

Th e os t ort n t c o ec t on of w a form e d by Th omas Gai s ford . m imp a ll i all s t ha t

t e re R c r Mon c ton M n e s rs t Lor H ou t on w ho c u re ga h d by i ha d k il , fi d gh , a q i d

on ot e rs s e e r of h e u t t s c o e s w en t e s e w e re s o in I n am g h v al t B p i h h ld 1 85 2 .

ore re c en t e rs Mac e or e of s ow rou t t o e t e r n ot e m y a B . B . g g Gla g b gh g h a abl

’ o Th e e r e s t A e r c n c o e c t or t o t e an n t e re s t in e c oll ec t i n . a li m i a ll ak i Blak s books

x viii o os o H e w as o ow in c ron o o o r w as H o e r of t n . e c e r E . W . p B f ll d h l gi al d by

te r 0 a w o A . te of e Ro e rt H oe wh o e n u n s on 1 8 9 n d W . W N b b ga b yi g af , by hi York who from th e t urn of t he c e n t u ry on w a rd s form e d th e la rg e s t c oll ec t i on

’ w te t oo u n t e of th e d is of Blak e s orks t ha t h as b e e n mad e . Whi k f ll adva ag

ers of the Mon c ton M n e s oo s th e E r of C re w e in 1 9 03 an d h is p al k il b k by a l , c oll ec t i on w as re ma rkabl e in c on tai n i n g m ore t han on e c opy of s e ve ral of the

’ oo s so t e e r r o s of c ou r n w e r re r s e e T s t s f en t e e e n t . b k , ha Blak dif p i d ol i g p d hi

’ co ec t on w as r e s e rse ter W t e s e t t ou s o e of th e oo s ll i la g ly di p d af hi d a h , h gh m b k

e re n e in th e osse ss on of his c ren os t of t e e on n t o his hav mai d p i hild , m h m b l gi g

u t e r rs r I n th e rs t u rte r of t s c e n t u r M an ce s W t e E ers on . da gh , F hi m fi q a hi y w fin e se r e s e re c o ec H en r E . H un t n to d e r on or n te n an . t M i ll d by y i g J Pi p ga , an d s oo te r ot r w r u r E w r New t on an d ro e s s or n af h e s e e acq i e d by A . d a d P f

T n e r e os en w a c o C un c e . h s r l r L s s n . R e th e e s t ha y B i k . M i g J ald mad la g

ect on n ow in A e r c w c h e h as en to the L r r of C on re s s an d l i m i a , hi h giv ib a y g ,

Mrs L n o K r a r r u o T o e h s o t n t o . T e re are n o r e c l a d n . h n an imp a g p h p iva t ect on s in G re t r t n w c c an r t e s e b u t oo s e r e s c an b e s e en l i a B i ai hi h ival h , a g d i in th e r t s Mu s D r r a Dr w so eu e t en t of n ts n d n s . T ere is B i i h m , p a m P i a i g h al n ot e c o ect on in th e t zw Mu s e u C r e w ere th e e s t a abl ll i Fi illiam m , amb idg , h b

’ of t ose oo s or er e on n t o e s r en Jo n L n n e are t o b e h b k f m ly b l gi g Blak f i d , h i ll , w ’ se en . T es e e re w h o n s e u e t e T . H . R c es n rr e L n e h b q a h d by i h , , havi g ma i d i ll

r n u te r c u re t e at th e L n n e s e in 1 1 8 . g a dda gh , a q i d h m i ll al 9 Thi s re vi s i on of th e c en s u s h as en t ail e d a rec on s id er at i on of th e c hron o

o c or er w e rs ere ore o b e ss n e l gi al d in g of th e c opi e s . Ne l e tt have th f had t a ig d t o n co es b u t th e old e tt e rs e w s e en e in s u re r c e t s ma y p i , l hav al ay b add d q a b a k ,

SO t t n o c on u s o r e C o e s of ort - t re e oo s t t w e re n ot ha f i n n e e d a i s . p i f y h b k ha recor e in th e c en s u s of 1 2 1 e s ter s s e t o t e r e tt e rs an d th e d d 9 hav a i k add d h i l , e scr t on s o o d ip i f m an y ot h ers have b e en re vi s e d an d c mpl e t e d . E w n Wo an d I w s to recor ou r r t t u e t o th e own ers r r n s an d d i lf i h d g a i d , lib a ia b ooks ell ers wh o have d on e all in t he i r pow e r t o as s i s t u s in t h e c o mp ilat i on of thi s cen s u s . G EO F F R E Y K E Y N E S

T H E RE I S NO NAT U R A L RE LI G I ON s er i e s a an d b [abou t 1 7 88 ]

a . Th ere I is No I Natu ral Re ligion

D E s 0 R I PT I 0 N — A s I ls . n t r n l . P o o n I V 6 on u on 1 . 1 0 Title , fro ispiece , gume t , 3 p , r p sitio s , p , C cl si , pl plates , x - i w o . n n n o d ab ut 5 4 cm , relief etchi g , pri ted three colours , some plates t uche ith water

col ou r .

C O N T E N T S

- h is a tura n 1 . . ere No N l Reli io on t d oo s u s in Title page T g , a Go hic r , with mall fig re - - x 1 . n iches . 5 3 4 cm Ol 2 . Fron tispiece . An d m an an d a woman are s eated at the left ben eath the bran ches of

t an on n d h s n in n of t . a ree which st ds the right ; two u e yout s ta d fro t hem Lettered below ,

in reversed writing : The Author 65 Prin ter W Blake . 5 4 x 4 5 cm . The Ar umen t Man has no notion o moral tness but rom ducation Natu a 3 . g f fi f E r lly — he is onl a natu ral or an sub ect to Sense. A o s d on y g j m ther , eate am g trees , reads from a

t o two n on e n d n o n n ot o s . 2 x . book childre , sta i g , the ther recli i g , b h with b ok 5 4 3 cm tur - hr u h h s ura d l t na all ceive t t o i nat l or bo i or ans . . Man can no Per bu An 4 I. y g y g aged

m an lean s on a s taff ben eath a t ree ; his d og is at his feet . 5 2 x 43 cm . " hi reason n ower can onl com are 69 ud e o what h h a r d . a s 5 . II M n by I i g p y I p j g f e as l ea y I ’

A n d s r r d . erceiv d . n an p k eeli g wom hol s a child , which t etches out its arms afte a bir (cf ’

n Ni ht hou hts . s an on . x 1 . You g s g T g , pl a tree t ds the left 5 4 cm From a erce tion o onl senses or ele men ts none could de duce a ourth or 6 . III . p p f y 3 3 f A n m an s on n n n s on an d un fif th . ude is eated the grou d be eath a vi e which rise the right r s - x . across th e top ; a win ged b oy s tand s at his side . 5 3 8 cm None could have other than natural or or anic thou hts he ha d none but or anic 7 . IV. g g if g n in n erce tions . on n t o p p A shepherd is seated the grou d the left pipi g ; trees the backgrou d ,

8 x . bird s overhead . 4 4 cm desi es are limited b his erce ti ons none can de sire which he has not 8 . . Mans V r y p p , A ou t his h and d an on r r on perceivd . boy stretches s towar s a sw the wate ; a t ee the left

x . arches over the tex t . 4 8 3 5 cm he desires Ed erce ti —ons ma n untau ht b a n thin but or ans o sense 9 . VI . T p p of g y y g g f

An old m an n in n ss r in . All m us t be limited I to objects of sense . recli es lo g gra ead g a book (cf - 6 x . h e x . Reli ions are One . r on t g , pl a t ee right arches over the te t 3 4 4 cm ’ w t r t o ti or Pr hetic cha acter the hil h 69 l o . it ere no o he P e c o P o so ic 1 0 . Conc us i n If f p r p ° E x erimen -tal would soon be at the ratio all thin s 69 stand still unable to do other than p I of g , - N i n . x o ur 2 . repeat the same d ull round over a gain . fig ed decorat o 5 5 4 cm ’ Blake s Illuminat ed Books

b T e re is No N t u r Re ion [ . h a al lig ]

D E s c R 1 P T 1 o N — A n ls . P n 1 v i 1 ls . 2 1 1 n 2 ls . r Title , fro tispiece , p , opositio s , 7 p , pplicatio , p plates , about - - h n n in on e ed r c . 6 x . 4 cm , relief etc i g , pri ted three colours , or more plates touch with wate olour

C O NT E N T S

- n ot n n . a . 1 . [Title page k ow Presumably the same as for series ] A n ts m an n . c n 2 . Fro tispiece robed figure sta ds with his left arm ou tret hed over a ude , ’ h - - Ni t ho hts . x . n n on th e n . n u who is half recli i g grou d (cf You g s g T g , pl 5 3 3 9 cm

Ma ns erce ti —ons are not boun d -cd b o ans o e ce tion he er ceives mo e 3 . I . p p y rg f p r p p r ’

An m an o un . than sense ( tho ever so ac ute) ca n discover . old reads recli n ing n the gro d

! C11 1

Reas on or the ra tio o a ll we have a l ead kn own is not the same tha t it sha ll 4 . II . f r y

A fi n on o nd . x . be when we know m ore . gure lies pro e the gr u 59 4 4 cm No n 1 1 1 d 5 . [ copy of Propositio appears to have survive ] oathed b it os -ses or The sa me d ull oun d even o a unive s e The bounded is l s s . 6 . IV. y p ] r f r[ ] h x would I soon become a mill wit complica ted wheels . Small decoration s . 6 4 4 3 cm . ' I the m an be come the sa me as the ew when os sess d Mo e ! Mo e ! is the 7 . V . f y I f , p , r r

- - cr a mis taken soul less than All cannot sati Man . S n . 8 x . y of , I sfy mall decoratio s 5 4 cm h n h lot I a n could de si e w at he is in ca able o osses si des ai m us t be is ete nal . 8 . VI f y r p f p g , p r r | - - Uri . x 2 . A n on un in an . zen ude figure is seated the gro d attitude of despair (cf , pl 5 5 4 cm “ h d si Ma n bein I nite the ossession is n n ite £9 him se n n ite . . T e e e 9 VII . r of g nfi p I fi lf I fi h x 6 2 . A n ude fi gure with outstretc ed arms rises out of cloud s . 4 cm the t a h d H e who sees the Ratio A lication H e who sees I n ni e in ll t in s sees Go . 1 0 . pp [fi g l m an as on ly sees himself on ly . An o d kn eels on the groun d an d draws with a pair of comp ses u d o - in n N n . n o e an (cf fro tispiece to E r p c lour pr ted drawi g of ewto , both of which have the

x 1 . symbol Of the compass used similarly) . 5 4 cm h h e e God be omes as we are that we ma be as e is . n i 1 1 . er o c A T f r l , y ude figure w th a halo

6 1 x 6 . lies supi n e on the groun d ; vin e ten dril s run in th e te x t . 4 cm N O T E n n own o th e d o o Very little is defi itely k ab ut actual ate of these brief phil s phical tractates , ' but it is gen erally s upposed that they were the first books to be prod uced by Blake s - w d un n e w h n . A t l o th e s n e an method of relief etc i g rtis ical y , the books Sh w defect of a ‘ an d R o n s on n an d x n a familiar medium , ussell c mme t their somewhat te tative e perime t l ’ NO x of aspect . e istin g copy correspon ds in con stitution or arran gemen t with ei ther the two or d C n of o s d o . an series , a b , escribed ab ve Thus copies A , B , co sist eight plates fr m serie a

an d n in n . three from series b , although copy C co sisted orig ally of o ly eight plates altogether ten ; on e n h as Other copies vary from eight to plates each (G) , rece tly made up , twelve and an h a N h s d n n . other ( L) fourtee , though four are at prese t separated from it evert ele s 1 can d there be little oubt that Blake h ad i n tended the plates to take the form set ou t above .

1 5105 3 an d The P o hetic lV ritin s 1 2 6 1 1 the n al of . Wallis , r p g , 9 , i , 4 , place b as fi plate series a

9 There is No Natural R e ligion

n 1 886 two A an d C the n n h n n n and U til the copies were o ly o es t at were ge erally k ow , n w d in n n n . h h the se te ces ere usually pri ted as they are fou copy A About t at time , owever ,

n d n n n a I O b 2 b 6— 1 0 and h William Muir obtai e pri ts of seve additio al plates , , , , wit these

’ fill n n n n n n f e n n to the gaps Blake s origi al i te tio became evide t , si ce the dif re t styles of letteri g made it possible to separate the plates i n to two series . Muir i ncorporated the n e w plates in s 1 886 a n n the x h his admirable fac imile of , arr gi g plates almost e actly as above , alt ough

of a d n n n d not h . h plate 5 series b was still missi g , has , i dee , yet come to lig t Associated wit ’ was n h n h h he - n Muir s set a ot er pri t , w ic used as a title page for series b , but was certai ly n nd - w All Reli io r O n n ns a e ne . i te ed by Blake to be the title page of a compa io ork , g (see p ’ of th e n n n n n h n o h n Muir s set origi al pri ts , i cludi g seve plates of whic ot er impressio s are n wn d for an and on n in 1 . k o , disappeare m y years ly appeared agai 953 (see Copy L) This set proves to have con sisted of fourteen plates an d to be pri n ted in green on larger paper th an an t I b 1 i co S y o her with watermark TAYLOR ( used y Blake about 7 94) as n py B . ome of the n in n of in wn h ove r rin t in s smaller sets have plates pri ted gree , but most them are bro wit p g i w w - n o or . S n he dark br n black ome are lightly touched with ater colours or eutral washes . T n o x in and an d paper used has watermark e cept for TAYLOR sets B L , two or three figures of in n 1 8 1 1 in H . s n n the date three sets , , I , J Thi variatio is peculiar relatio to the u iformity, x in set of the n n o o n an d s wh h h x e cept L , pri ti g , c l uri g ize , ich suggests t at t ey were e ecuted o s h n o on n n th e an ab ut the ame time . Yet the facts t at there is c temporary me tio of book d of n o n n n an that the early history copy is k ow , imply that Blake ever sold or gave away y copy in h h f was n in 1 6 is . s o n n 8 2 lifetime There are record that a batc Sheets sold to Mo ckto Mil es ,

P . f o an d R . . n and another pile bought by Stop ord A . Bro ke A otts The situatio is complicated by the recen t d i scovery that Muir made use of a rough-surfaced laid paper with watermark 1 1 8 1 1 f or o of h is s s n o n WHATMAN pr ofs fac imile , but these are easily disti guished fr m origi als - H ow Re x n n of . . if they are put side by side . e ami atio the T J Wise copy ( ) Sh s that it is un d oubtedly an origin al set in spite of the watermark .

’ x a wo n un s s in th e s of m an and Te tu lly , the rk e ciate Blake belief my tic character the s on of as os d eificat ion of son an d n n illu i ary character matter opp ed to the rea ature (he ce , here is No l Reli ion s n P n and in in n T Natura g ) , upported by his frie ds , ai e Godw , accorda ce I n s ow f with the phiIOSOphic propositi on s Of Loc ke an d H artley. n feeli g they h the in luen ce of S d n of s New s an d we e borg, a member who e Church of Jeru alem Blake was at the time , ’ s o th e an s w os w n in till m re of Germ my tic , Jakob Boehme , h e riti gs he had read Law s ’ d o A ho isms d l un n s n . I n n tra latio form they are modelle Lavater s p r , a book he value high y , der lin in g an d an n otatin g his copy of the 1 7 8 8 edition for which he had engraved a fron tispiece A of s n d th e after Fuseli . third series imilar plates , appare tly produce at same time , is described under th e n ex t en t ry. C O P I E S d - n wn d P n in an . A 1 N w . 1 on 1 1 s . o plates leave atermark ri te olive gree , bro black The — b — an d s o w . an n : a a a first la t plates t uched ith water colours Arr geme t 3, 3, 5 9, 4 , - b ow on s x 1 . n i b 1 1 a S : 1 x 1 1 . n un 2 n 2 . 4 , , ize 3 5 cm , mo ted leave 4 7 5 cm Bou d

o o . e m r cco , g . ’ P R o s n b in 1 8 8 n . F . T . Palgrave s c py, pre e ted y him 7 to the British Museum ri t oom

A Blake ’ s Illuminated Books

d o wn 1 1 on 1 1 . on on e . P in d in a f plates leaves Watermark TAYLOR , leaf r te sh es bro an d n c n e w -c o r to d grey . Fro tispie e pai t d with simple ater lours ; the othe plates uche up w — — - x b 1 1 b . S 1 . o n d in n t . Ar n n : a 2 : 1 0 ith eu ral wash ra geme t 9 , , 3 4 ize 3 5 5 cm B u

ln on n . e . t russia , g . , wi h the Mi es crest fro t cover ‘ ’ ' in a S 2 1 86 2 lot 1 Fifty pr ts with some duplic tes were sold at otheby s , 9 April ( 97 , R n n n h i o an d of x in . Mo ckto Mil es , from whic th s c py , probably several the e ist g h was in th e n of Ri d n n ln r sets , were made up . T is set possessio char Mo ckto Mi es , Lo d

’ H n an d d son S 0 ar oughto , was sol by his , the Earl of Crewe , at otheby s , 3 M ch o itc h w as b l i an d in ed 1 0 l t 1 0 uar red . 9 3 ( , Q , I t acqui y Wi liam A Wh te , obta in 1 2 d n o d in 1 1 r nn n 9 7 by his aughter , Mrs William Emerso , who s l it 94 th ough Ga o f for 2 1 00 t o P n “ as h in ton . . 8 aul Mello , g , D C

o 8 P i d 1 n o . . x hib : 1 0 n . E . Grolier Club , 9 5 , 3 ; h la elphia , 939, 4

o No n d n a d w n 1 1 n 1 1 . . P in an n . plates leaves watermark ri te gree , bl ck bro Fro tispiece - and two n n s . d in n n ot followi g plates simply pai ted with water colour Foliate pe cil ,

— — 1 - b b b x . i l . : a S : 1 1 0 b n n 1 1 1 a 6 a 8 . y Blake Arra geme t 5 , 4 , , 3, , 9 ize 3 3 5 cm , t t e b n . o n d in n n oc . e . d d . page i laid B u gree leva t mor co , gilt , g , y F . Be for ’ oc -Lam son s co his o - an d n n s him on Frederick L ker p py, wi th b ok plate , pe cil ote by fl - s n - an d s t wo w b on the y leave , stati g that the title page la t leaves ere added y him - h 6 I m o . I I G . n f fl d s . K 2 July 1 8 7 8 . the co er a y leaf is stampe M P C ER N Bought wit ’ - w b C b t o c Lam son s Ro fan t d d d an d o . an d Lo ker p Library y Do , Mea , y them sold

on 1 . S of h i n William A . White 2 7 April 905 old with much the W i te Collect o to w No e . R w l e o of R s n in 1 2 . in n n d n r r n o e bach 9 9 the L ssi g J ose a Coll cti , Lib a y Co gress ,

ash n n DC . W i gto , h 6 n o . 1 P i d 1 n o. . x ib. : 1 8 0 E 7 , 3 ; h la elphia , 939, 5

w - on No P d wn . on s s . r . n in n an 9 plates 9 leave ate mark ri ted olive gree , black bro Fr ti - w r . h a k n ot b n ed s Pl. s n in in piece lightly pai t ith water colou a 5 a ote , y Blake , lake S a — — b x in W . B . ons s s of 1 2 a b 1 1 . S z : 1 1 1 . r oun C i t , 5 9, 3, i e 4 cm Forme ly b d w o d s n o un o n and in s . b ar ; b u d matted , ca e

in th e l o of . H f . b his r o n . o n n F rmerly co lecti E W ooper , Bosto I herited y daughte , b H ard Mrs S . an d in 1 1 n in o of h er r ar Greely Curtis , 94 give y her mem ry fathe to v

C ollege Library .

h . : o . P 1 n 6 . x ib os n s of in A s 1 8 1 n o . E B to Mu eum F e rt , 9 , 9; hiladelphia , 939,

w o No a . P n e in n . in ed 8 plates n 8 leaves . waterm rk ri t d light bro Lightly pa t with - f 21 — a — s ls a an d a . n s o 8 . 2 an 2 water colour , p 4 more elaborately th the rest Co sist 4 , 9 , b — b - S : 1 x 1 . . o . 1 1 . 1 n in e 3 4 , ize 4 5 cm , u cut L ose wrapp rs P t s an s f wh . . in o s on of Sto ord A . o o R Formerly the p sses i p Bro ke , with A ot m y year a o s of he e is No Natur a l Reli ion in o in E d n u g bought a pile of leave T r g a sh p i b rgh , S d r r from which this an d other copies were put together . ol with the Brooke lib a y at ’ S 2 1 1 1 Tre as kis c ed b Fr n Rind r an d otheby s , 7 July 9 7 (lot 7 9 , g , A quir y a k e , n ow n s i the posse si on of Mrs Rin der .

Blake ’ s Illuminated Books

' in an x - d of h i e 1 86 n d in t w o to large quarto size e tra illustrate copy Gilc rist s Lf , 3, bou d re . e . not an 1 8 0 . volumes , morocco , gilt , g , made later th 7 s n ot n wn on e of th e b b n n Early hi tory k o , but probably from piles ought y Mo ckto n o r . 1 0 n R. wn an d n Mil es Brooke Bought from Weyhe about 93 by Alla Bro , give by in 1 in H 2 nn . him 94 to Tr ity College , artford , Co ecticut E x hib z h h 1 n o . . P iladelp ia , 939, 9

8 o n 8 . P n h . d plates leaves No watermark ri te in s ades of brow n. The first three plates n d - h d d n n s s of pai te lightly with water colours , the rest s a e with eutral wash . Co si t — — b — - - a a 8 b 1 1 . S x 2 : 1 1 0 . n in an x 4 , 9, 3 4 , ize 3 5 5 I laid to large quarto size e tra

’ r s Li e 1 8 6 n in n illustrated copy of Gilch i t s f , 3, bou d two volumes , crimso morocco , d nl a n n . e . gilt i aid with gree morocco , g

n n wn in s n of o . Early history u k o , see copy I above . Formerly the pos essio Ge rge C - S Jr . and P m 2 1 8 lot 6 S mit h , , sold with his library at arke Be et , November 93 ( 5 , essler , in th e s n R n of . . s Now pos essio of Charles J ose bloom , Pitt burgh

1 on in n 1 . o in 4 plates 4 leaves Watermark I TAYLOR n two leaves . Pr ted gree with n - n in o d w - n brow over pri t g n some an ater colours in addition . There are four frami g

n in ink on x a a d of a 1 a a a 8 a 1 o a 8 . n li es grey each plate e cept 3, 4 , Co siste , 3, 4 , , ,

b — b 6— 1 1 P n n b — a — b wn 2 . n a 1 2 1 0 b 6 1 1 in 4 , rese t arra geme t , 4 , , 9, bro paper w d and a a a 8 b 1 0 . an rappers , 3, 4 , , as separate leaves All have the top edges gilt most n in in k - n S x are umbered irregularly at the top right hand cor er . ize appro imately x 3 1 5 2 3 cm .

h th e n and n n n T is is largest seque ce of plates so far recorded , co tai s seve plates , — w w in 1 0 b 2 b 6 1 0 of n o on n n . a , , , hich other impressi s are k o They were formerly the

s s on of e who s d for of 1 886 w po ses i the lat William Muir , u e them his facsimile , but ere

’ n ot heard of agai n un til they were offered for sale at Sotheby s from a n an onymous t e n un in wn source on 2 1 July 1 953 . The n leaves which had bee bo d by Muir bro paper wrappers with a pen cil n ote about the mi s sin g plate II I were ca talogued as a facsimile 6 S w n n s in lot 0 ( lot 4 9, ch artz , The remai i g four leave were sold separately ( 4 7 ,

2 an d n ow in on ff n . Abbot , £ 4 ) are the collecti of Geo rey Key es They were associated

’ o of s a 2 a — a n on with five pr ofs Muir facsimile ( , 5 7 , 9) pri ted rough laid paper with 1 1 8 1 1 and n n o n n n of watermark WHATMAN , with the o ly k w origi al impressio the title i r One page to All Rel gions a e (see p .

’ ‘ - I n a nd n x on n . n Eleve small stamped water coloured desig s , with ma ims religio , e tc —6 n n x n in 1 8 6 b n os . 0 three frame s . Len t to the Burli gto Club e hibitio 7 y Mrs Tulk ( 3 4 in poss ibly to be iden tified with copy A abov e ]

1 86 I I R E FR O DUOT I O N S : P n 1 886 1 1 d ; , 8 , FA C S M L E ickeri g , , plates , coloure William Muir ‘ c E Y 1 1 1 H r d coloured ( from three imperfe t iii , plates ; a var College Library,

1 8 o . 94 , coloured , c py D

1 ith E Y is here used th roughout as the accepted abbreviation of The Works of IV iIlia m Blake . . w

Y . 1 8 . B. e . litho a hs the I llus t ated P o h tic Books . . J . an d , , gr p of r r p , ed E Ellis W eats 3 vols 93

6 A LL R E LI G I O N S l are ON E [abou t 1 7 88 ]

D E S C R I PT I O N — n Ar ument ls . n 1 ls . 1 0 s nn Title , fro tispiece , g , 3 p , Pri ciples 7 , 7 p plate , u umbered ,

x n x an d s n s . about 5 5 4 cm . ; relief etchi g with te t small pictorial de ig C O N T E N T S - A L R NS are ONE n on n t 1 . . L Title page ELIGIO , i scribed a sto e ablet , held from behind by an angel ; to the right is seated an aged m an with an open book on his kn ee .

5 2 x 34 c m . hn n d x 2 . n . Fro tispiece A youthful figure , perhaps Jo the Baptist , u e e cept for a cloak

on e n on n h e n n n . over k ee , is seated a rock be eath trees ; is poi ti g with both ha ds to the right - - h V o n r n n th W d r s x . Below is i n scribed : T e oice f o e c yi g i e il e ne s . 4 6 4 2 cm h r um n t A th true meth 0d o knowl d is ex eri n t the t ue ult o 3 . T e A g e s e f e ge p me r f ac y f u h ult wh h x r n his a lt tr at o knowin m st be t e ac ic e e ie ces cu e . g f y p , T f y I f Below is a figure - h r a tura l li on n on n o n d on on e and . e e is No N Re i full le gth the grou d , supp rti g his hea h (cf T g , - 8 x . pl . a 4 3 cm PR NC PL 1 st ha t the Poetic enius is the true Man an d that the bod or 4 . I I E ] T G , I y ik w tha t th r a ll outward f orm of Man is derived f rom the Poetic Genius . L e ise I e f o ms of ’ ’ thin s are derived rom their enius which b the Ancien ts was call d a n An el 69 S i it g f G , y g p r " m n A s of Urizen his ou t 59 De o . bove is a eated figure with arms stretched upon clouds - - x in America . x 8 . ( e actly as , pl 5 4 3 cm

PR N PL d As all men are alik n utward rm S a nd w th th am e . 2 e i o o o i e s 5 I CI E f , ( n t ar et a ll ar al k n th t th e infi i e v i y) e i e i e Poe ic Gen ius . Above two figures half Sit on groun d an d w o of s on and n o gaze up ards ; bel w , a flock heep grazes ; a tree rises the left bra ches ver x - to the right . 5 4 5 cm . NC d N ma a r 6 . PR PL o n c n think write o s eak rom his heart but he m us t I I E 3 p f I , r hus all se ts h l h r in tend t uth . T c of P i osop y a e f rom the Poetic Genius adapted to the w ak er d e nesses ev in ivid ual. of old m en on e wr n of y Above are the seated figures two , iti g - h e . x in oo t n 8 . a b k , other readi g 5 4 cm R N L o r . A n 7 P I CIP E 4 s ne by t ave ling over known lan ds can fi nd out the unknown . So rom alread ac uir d knowl d an u u ther a n un iv a l f y q e e ge M co ld not ac q ire m ore . e f ore ers

Poetic Genius ex ists . ates o Pa adi e o his s ff r t . s Ab ve , a traveller with ta moves to the igh (cf G f r , - x . pl . 5 2 3 cm

8 . PR INCIPLE 5 The Religions of a ll Na ti ons are derived f rom each | Na tions difieren t ’ rece tion o the t h p f Poe ic Genius whic is every where call d the Spi rit of Prophecy . Above w t in n s d h n s o of d n ; i h a te t a eate figure , perhaps C rist , i tructs a gr up chil re below is the n ude figure of a m an runn ing with l on g s trides from right t o left ; in his h an d s he holds - x - a harp . 5 7 4 2 cm . ’ Bla ke s Illuminated Books

9 . PR INCIPL E 6 The jewish {5 Chris tia n Testa me n ts are An origina l derivat i on om the Poetic G this is ne essar om the on d a u r n . f r e n ius . c y f r c fi ne n t e of bodily sensatio Above a -Urizen in d n s are the tablets of the Law ; below , a dr ped figure (Jehovah ) gropes ark e s

x - toward the right with outs tretched arms . 55 3 7 cm . ’ r 1 0 . PRINCIP LE 7 th As all me n a e alike ( tho infinitely var i ous ) So all Religions 653 as a ll sim h h a ilors ave one source ] T e true M n is the source he being the Poetic Gen ius . A n on n on and d s in bove , two figures recli e the grou d either side , a thir appear to them the - n h x . h t d . ce tre wit outs retc ed arms ; below , a bird flies over ark waters 5 5 3 4 cm N O T E This work is similar in character to the tw o series of plates with the title There is No

Na tu a l li i n w Re o n n n n c ed . r g already described , but it is k o o ly by the si gle copy re ord below It is assig n ed to about the year 1 7 88 for the same reas on s as have already bee n men ti on ed x h t a i n co n wn x has s m in conn e ion with T ere is No Na ur l Rel gion . The o ly py k o to e ist the a e - d n n b S n 1 1 . x x title page as this work , but it is evi e t , as was first poi ted out y ampso ( 9 3, p viii) , that the plate reprod uced by William Muir as the title-page of series b of The re is No Nat ural Reli ion n d All Re li ions are One in r t in n e t o be g , beari g the wor s g , was eali y te d d by Blake the - S title page of the presen t w ork an d it is accord i ngly restored to this position . ampson furt her ’ d d n d r suggests that the copy here escribe was pri te by Tatham afte Blake s death , but the t n d on was not u d b a r 1 a h s s n fact hat it is pri te paper which se y Blake fte 7 94 , m kes t i uggestio improbable .

’ s s s t n n r of o n and of Thi tractate is Blake earlie t s ateme t of the u ive sality p etic ge ius , his d con victi on that true religion is based upon an d formed by such gen iu s . This theme he eveloped ‘ ’ n in t o in th e nd n in at le gth the la er prophetic b oks , particularly seco Memorable Fa cy he arr a o a ll T M i ge f H e ven and H e .

P Y

- her . is 1 0 on 1 0 . I 1 on on e e plates leaves Watermark , TAYLOR 7 94 , leaf Title page [T

No Na tural Religion] pri n ted in black ; the other plates in shades of green and brown . — - - S : x 2 6 . in . 8 un n ls . 2 1 0 n U coloured ; p with four or five frami g l es ize 37 4 cm , cut , - - - 1 x 2 . n n d . title page , 34 4 4 cm U bou ’ ’ 1 8 20 n nn . S d on s r 1 1 Joh Li ell s copy ol with his collecti at Chri tie s , 5 Ma ch 9 ( lot 3,

w on San in o i ni . . No in th e H . . H un in . S G D mith , E t gt Library , Mar , Cal for a - x in s n ot n is n ed The title page , as is e pla ed above , doe belo g to this work ; it pri t more

roughly than the other plates an d in a di ff eren t colour . It is therefore possible that it w f r t - in d r in as d . n n O supplie later The origi al impressio the t ue itle page , clu ed by Mui ’ of he e is No Natura l Reli ion o d S 2 1 J 1 in his facsimile T r g , was s l at otheby s uly 953 (

lot 0 A 2 and n ow in n of off n . n d in 47 , bbot , £ 4 ) is the collectio Ge rey Key es It is pri te

r n an d n d en in an d n n in ink . g ee brow , touche with the p black , has four frami g li es grey - a d h as r I 1 . s 0 x 2 . n The leaf measure 3 3 5 cm , a wate mark TAYLOR 7 94

D : n s Biblio r a h 1 2 1 ; d H ol e r 1 26 in F A C S I M I L E R E P R O U C T I O N Key e , g p y, 9 Fre erick y , 9 , pla

an d colou red . S O NG S of | I NNOCE NC E I 1 7 89 The Au thor 8L Pri n te r W Blake

D E S C R I PT I O N = n s . l x 2 l Son s 2 s . 1 1 1 . n Fro tispiece , title , p , g , 9 p 3 plates , about 7 cm , relief etchi g , n d — usually pai te wi th water colours . C O N T E N T S As arran ged in copy G

1 . [Fron tispiece . The Piper] Night - . l 2 S n . Son [Tit e page] o gs , etc A Cradle g

3 . I n troduction The Little Boy lost

4 . A Dream The Little Boy foun d — ’ 5 7 . The Little Girl Lost [and] Nurse s Song The Little Girl Foun d H oly Thursday

’ 8 . The Lamb On An other s Sorrow

9 . The Bloss om Sprin g 1 — E cc oi 0 1 1 . The h ng Green The School Boy

1 2 . The Divin e Image Laughin g Son g

1 3. The Chimn ey Sweeper The Little Black Boy n 1 4 . I fan t Joy The Voice of the An cien t 1 S 5 . The hepherd

NO T E ’ Poetical Sketches in s and s n Blake s earliest poems , , letterpres without illu tratio s , gave more h n n of n s et d Son s o n noce e in s . nc t a a hi t poetic ge iu , but y were frame derivative tyles The g f I his n w were first ven ture i to a form an d con ten t of his o n . Blake had beg un writin g p oems later in cluded in the Songs before the idea of the little volume had clearly crystallized in his ’ The Little Bo lost Nurse on own n . s S an d H ol hursda n n in mi d y , g , y T y had bee wove to the A MS . n sland in the Moon in s of d t n satire called I , where the poems the mouth ilet a ti n d ff n an d t he h n n s o acce tuate the a ectatio vacuity of characters . Blake must ave bee co ci ous f ’ n n s of s n and n of the u worthi es the etti g , u der the impetus his life s purpose he formed of n ew n an x an on t o m an an d of rn an d them a co cept , e pl ati of the whys wherefores ete ity mortality .

’ S on s o n nocence 1 8 s s s n in n The g f I , dated 7 9, are Blake first ucce sful ve ture the productio an d of illus trated books . The poetry the lovely complemen tary design s give voice t o his ’

in nn n . s d n son n delight the state of i oce ce The poems are happy lyric , chil re s gs , writte n u on e n n n of n i t itively by who u derstood that the imagi atio a child is u fettered , capable of n x comprehen di g without the impedimen ts of s ophisticated reason an d e perien ce . They are x n of o in an d as W ick s t eed n n ot the e pressio j y the world , yet , has poi ted out , they are mere

9 a . Blake ’ s Illuminated Books

n . A n t o n n o add ursery rhymes lready Blake had begu use symbols , which whe u derst od

' n of h h n n n n ns Of overto es p ilosop ic mea i g to so gs i tri ically beautiful . all Blake s writi ngs S n the o g s of I n n ocence have been t h e best loved . All th e n n n 1 x 1 and copies k ow are octavo volumes , measuri g about 9 3 cm . , copies E and n n Th i . e G show that the leaves were origi ally stitched paper covers earlier copies , n h S on s o x e ience n of -o n e n those issued before Blake fi is ed the g f E p r , co sist thirty plates whe h e an d n on h Of t . 1 n complete , are pri ted bot sides leaf After about 7 94 Blake tra sferred

h l l F und s — he S on o The Little i l os t an d T e itt e i o l . t s x e ience an d G r L L G r ( p 5 7 ) to g f E p r , n of t he h n n n he ce separate issues first book after t at time co tai fewer plates . Whe other n ffi h h d plates are missi g it is di cult to say w ether t ese copies are as issue by Blake or n ot . Th e order of t h e plates varies so much that there is n o reason to suppose that Blake was any n n in th e n n h n h e in n n more co siste t precise umber which he i cluded t a was their arra geme t .

N n of n and h e n n — if o e the earlier copies was pagi ated by Blake himself, the order i te ded

h h a n — of n For c k n e d n . n i deed ever a set pla is a matter co jecture o ly la of a defi ite guide , an d n h as n in n h un in co si ce the order become sta dard rece t years , t at fo d py G ( formerly A) , S n and in the Biblio a h of 1 1 n followed by ampso g r p y 92 has bee retai n ed . Copy G was n h an d n t ru el can in n n n origi ally stitc ed as issued , he ce most y be said to be origi al co ditio , but si n ce the colouri n g resembles that attri buted to Mrs Blake th e arrangemen t may be hers ’ rather than her husban d s .

in Of o n in wn The plates the majority the c pies are pri ted various light shades of bro , h n or n in n n an d R ; t w o thoug gree blue has bee used a few i sta ces (copies I , J , O ) copies S an d in an d on e co n an d on e n in ( T) are grey , py ( U) , u coloured probably a late , is pri ted in — an d in t . n in n d black The colouri g all is do e water colours , most of hem is characterize

n an d n h by great simplicity ; its quality varies co siderably , it has bee suggested t at Mrs Blake x of th e Son s n n ocence n may have had a han d in some copies . The te t g of I is e graved in x h th An i t a d mi n uscule roman with the e ception of T e Voice of e c en B r (pl . which is in

n on n ot n n in on ten ts italic . The desig s the plates have bee described above , u der the head g C , in n o n n n as the later illumi ated b oks , partly because they are too well k ow to eed it , but also

s u fiic ien tl n n on because each plate is y well disti guished by the title of the poem e graved it , an d because the design s in mos t cases bear a much more direct an d obvious relation to th e te x t than d o those in the other books . Dr Sampson writi ng in 1 905 described five copies of the separate issue of the Song s of - h n n nocence . n n n a nd I The umber is here i creased to twe ty t ree , though a few are i complete ,

s ix S and n ot n . n o n n (J , L , , T , V W) have bee located There is co temporary refere ce to S on s o n nocence n an n Son s x e ience the g f I before the completio of the comp io volume , the g of E p r , in P os ectus 1 n a nd but the r p of 7 93 these two volumes are advertised at five shilli gs each , n - v In 1 8 1 8 f d t h e Son s ( n n oce n n fi e . nce are stated each to co tai twe ty plates Blake of ere g J I , n n n n - s h n no n h t an co tai i g twe ty eight plate , at t ree gui eas , but t here is evide ce to s ow hat y wh copy of the book by itself was issued as late as t his . The latest copy to ich a defi n ite t 1 can n n o n 808 . date be assig ed , was issued earlier tha ’ ’ In ua Nearly all Blake s origi n al design s for the plates seem to have disappeared . Q ritc h s l a ta lo ue 1 88 t w o n n th e n e and th e n enera . n G C g , 7 , p 935 , desig s resembli g fro tispi ce I troductio

and h n n . n are described , t ese may have bee do e before the plates were made Ma uscript

1 0 Songs of Innocence

of d n of n os 0 x an n . 2 sources the te t are almost equally rare , versio s o ly three of the poems ( , ’ S k 2 2 an d n in k in th e M . n n A n sla n d h oon 23) are to be fou d Bla e s autograph ow as I in t e M . ‘ ’ 1 A ff th e h n S n n n of n in MS . di ere t versio Laug i g o g , probably earlier , is to be fou d , though ’ o i - t k t h n t n on th e fl of of Poe ical S e c es . Blake s autograph , y leaf a copy Thi s accoun t of the S ongs of In nocence is n ecessarily i ncomplete without the further accoun t of th e combin ed issue of the S ongs of In nocence and of Experience an d the two should be read in n co j un ction .

COPIES

WHATMAN)

O BUTTA NS H A W N , ( P (J WHAT MAN an d E OME A DS PINE Q S 1 8 0 and ( EDMEAD PINE 2 J WHAT R m f an d S MAN ( i per ect) , (J WHATMAN 1 8 08)

T (J WHATMAN) an d U

C O P I E S o No 1 s n 1 s . . n P in n . n d A 3 plate 7 leave watermark Pri ted brow ai te with simple light ,

- - — — B o s . n n . n n : 1 1 1 1 8 1 2 8 1 [ ] though bright , water col ur No pagi atio Arra geme t 3, 5 , 4 , 9, 3 , — — — 8 0 — - x - 1 0 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 S : 1 1 . n 6 1 1 2 . 2 , 7 , 4 7 , 9, , , , 7 , 3, ize 9 3 5 cm Origi ally n in n un 1 00 in n n bou d wor red leather ; bo d about 9 citro morocco , i laid , gilt over rough h e s t n . edge , by Club Bi dery

S n th e n On n fl - tated to have bee copy give by Blake to his physician . the fro t y leaf ‘ is a pen cil n ote by Robert H oe : This is the copy coloured by Blake 8: given by him to h ’ is an . n th i 0 1 . R n . physici It had bee preserved between lea er covers u t l I b u1 d it H . ’ S S t 2 2 1 8 lot 2 S n R old at o heby s , February 97 ( 7 5 , teve s , Acquired by obert ’ H oe an d th e n his n n 8 an 1 1 2 lot 2 , sold with seco d part of library , A derso s , J uary 9 ( 45 , 66 r n . an d a n Graham , $ Bought by Ch isti e A Graham , sold as the property of a Maryl d

1 For the x of h Notes a nd ueries d lV itin s 2 S 1 1 0 S m n 1 1 . 6 a n r te t t is see Q , 4 eptember 9 ; a pso , 9 3, p 9; g ,

8 . . n 1 2 . 1 . ed Key es , 9 5 , vol , p 3

l l ’ Blake s Illuminated Books

’ - m 2 1 8 . t th e H oe an d Lady , Parke Be et , 3 November 943 ( lot 4 , G Wells , Wi h ah - Now in n c C c K . d M . M e ll of h Gr am book plates the possessio of Davi , Chillicothe , O io . S n 1 0 . ( ampso , 9 5 , copy B ) h o x ib : 1 0 n . . E . Grolier Club , 9 5 , 3

No w n n w 1 on 1 . i n P n . d in n and 3 plates 7 leaves atermark Pri ted bro . ai te a plai - ann n n d n t n . very simple m er with water colour washes , various to es of gree pre omi a i g

o A an n : 1 — 1 1 — — — N n n . 2 2 2 2 2 28 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 2 pagi atio rr geme t 3, 5 , 4 , 4 , 7 , 3, , 3 , , 3, , 4 7 , — — — - - 6 8 1 6 1 . S 1 6 x 20 2 1 1 8 1 2 2 : 1 2 . n in r , , 9, 5 , 9, , 7 ize 7 4 cm Bou d stamped ussia , n G o r I in n tr of r ; fl - w with letteri g SON S NNOCENCE ce e top cover , ebacked y leaf ith watermark dated 1 8 25 . ‘ ’ in t he n is t he n R H . i. e . R s o . H n Twice fro t sig ature Clarke , obert ayley Clarke , ’ S n n d H h co d S . 2 of James ta ier Clarke , a frie of ayley T is py was sol at otheby s , 5 May 6 R on an d - 1 0 c . . in 9 ( obs , was a quired by W E Moss , whose book label is the w ’ n . as s n t S 2 r 1 1 fro t It old agai wi h the Moss library at otheby s , Ma ch 937 ( lot 43, R d s n ow n o n an i in e . R n d n of se bach , the L ssi g J ose wal Collectio , Library

n n n DC . Co gress , Washi gto , hib n s 1 n o 1 P x : r 1 . 8 d 1 n o 1 . E . Ma che te , 9 4 , 4 ; hila elphia , 939, . 5

in . P n d 1 on 1 . on on e P n 3 plates 7 leaves Watermark J WHATMAN , leaf. ri ted sepia ai te - n w - No d o in n n an d i . with light water colours , pre mi at g to es yello , blue gree , v olet n n — 8— 1 1 - — — — 8— 1 2 1 0—1 1 n . n : 1 1 2 2 1 2 2 8 2 2 2 pagi atio Arra geme t 3, , 3, 4 7 , 9, 4 7 , 3 , 3, , , — — - S : 1 x 1 . n n . d 1 6 1 1 1 . 2 d in n n o 7 , 4 5 ize 9 5 cm Bou gree leva t mor cco , i laid , by F Be ford , n other edges u trimmed . A o of d to n x S R his c py great beauty, sai have bee e ecuted for amuel ogers , with - f his H n w b h d d d an d o as s n R . H S an book plate that brother , e ry. It ee y . epherd , escribe b in Academ for n 1 8 w i was in th e n n y him the y Ju e 75 , at h ch time it possessio of Joh P n 1 1 w as uar c was ff in . In it h earso 9 5 it acquired privately by Q , by whom it o ered 1 1 n s d n h a catalogue ( March 9 5 , bei g ol shortly afterwards . It was the boug t b P o H P and w as d t n n y rofessor Ge rge erbert almer , bequeathe wi h his collectio of E glish llesl e e . Poetry to Wellesley College Library, W y, Mass h x ib. : P 1 n o. 1 . E hiladelphia , 939, 4

w n - wn o d No . P in . 3 1 plates on 1 7 leaves . atermark ri ted yellow bro Col ure wi th — - — — 1 8 — 2 2 2 x n in . r n n : 1 1 0 1 1 28 e treme fi ish water colours A ra geme t 3, , 3 , 9, , 4 7 , , 3, — — S - - un d in on n 1 1 20 2 1 1 2 1 1 8 1 2 2 . : 1 6 x 1 2 . 4 7 , , , , 3, , 9, 4 7 ize 5 5 cm Bo citr leva t d d o o n an . . mor cc , i laid gilt , by F Be ford ’ n Flax m an s t of Ann x an on Joh copy, wi h the autograph his wife , Mrs a Fla m the

’ ’ - w of Flax m a s ff s n 1 8 an d fl . S d i n n y leaf ol at Christie s ith the first port o e ect , Ju e 7 5 , w x n th e s r n P s n . n o acquired by book elle Joh ear o A letter, associated with the Fla ma copy of th e Song s of In nocence an d of E xperience (copy shows t hat Pearson offered Son s o nnocence a n n s in 1 88 n d in the g f I to America cu tomer March 3, but i t remai e his ’ n a nd t his S t s N 1 1 6 possessio , was ultimately sold wi h library at o heby , 7 ovember 9

1 2

’ Blake s Illuminated Books

‘ n of h . n d o t e of n n . Emerso , Cambridge , Mass I scribe back the first leaf, Fra ces W ’ ff 1 0 8 S n 1 1 0 . Mo at , August , 95 , with love . ( ampso , 9 5 , copy A ) x hi b. : 1 0 n o . 2 ; h h 1 n o . 1 . E Grolier Club , 9 5 , P iladelp ia , 939, 3

o w h 1 n 1 . n in n . 3 plates 7 leaves . No watermark Pri ted bro Lig tly pain ted with water in n n . A n i n . n : 1 2 1 1 colours , possibly by Mrs Blake Pag atio pe cil rra geme t , , 3, 5 , 4 , — 2 8 2 2 2 8 2 2 20 2 1 S : 1 x 1 , 3, 9, , 4 7 , , , 4 ize 9 3 cm . Th e n h-h on d n d in n leaves , which show the origi al stitc oles , are paper guar s , bou gree S h morocco , by J . mit . in th e s n of d Fit zGerald who on 2 1 8 o Formerly po sessio E ward , 5 October , 33, wr te ‘

. nn f o . t to W B Do e , I have lately bought a little pamphlet which is very di ficult to be g , d The Son of nn n n an d d n d n b calle gs I oce ce , writte a or e with drawi gs y W . Blake ’ n o - h d 1 8 n fl . in t e n With Fitzgeral s sig ature , dated 34 , the y leaf Afterwards collectio of - is n S d . n Thomas Gaisford , whose book plate i side the cover ol with his collectio at

’ S 2 A 1 8 0 1 8 6 uaritch A b n A d otheby s , 3 pril 9 (lot , Q , cquired y Ge eral rchibal S n of and ow n of s o - n in n Lt . . S n tirli g Keir, the possessio his , Col William tirli g .

P of o t wo 1 on 1 . n n d in n . 3 plates 7 leaves art watermark J WH ATMAN leaves . Pri te gree P n d -c n an d d n n P n . . in n ai te with light water olours , gree blue pre omi ati g agi ated pe cil — A n n : 1 — 1 2 — 1 1 8— 1 8 2 2 1 2 2 0 2 1 1 2 — 2 8 2 1 2 rra geme t 3, 5 , 9 3 , 9, 9, 5 , , 4 , 4 , , , 3, 5 , 4 , 3, , — — - - S : 1 1 x 1 . un in n 1 0 1 1 1 6 1 . 8 2 l n n , 7 ize 5 cm Bo d co temporary mott ed calf, or ame t

in n t . the ce tre of each side , wi h protective cover R wh in n n nn . d H oe o Formerly the possessio of Joh Li ell Later acquire by obert , wrote ‘ R H ’ S : . . . . s of in it I paid £ 4 4s . for this book old with the fir t part his library at ’ S ow . N in 1 1 0 . H An son s 2 1 n . H n n n der , 5 April 9 (lot 39 , G D mith , the e ry E u ti gto

S n 1 0 . San n n . Library , Mari o , Califor ia ( ampso , 9 5 , copy D )

o . . x hib. : 1 0 n in is n n E Grolier Club , 9 5 , 4 (The history the catalogue wro g , havi g S w a b a w t of . n s d s n d s n n n . bee co fused ith hat Copy A ampso misle y t hi , al o has it wro g )

81 . n in . n h 2 1 plates on 1 2 leave s . Watermark E P Pri ted green Delicately pai ted wit — No — - s n d n n . n n . n n : 1 1 2 1 water colour , gree pre omi ati g pagi atio Arra geme t 3, 5 , 9 3 , — 6— 1 1 2 1 0 1 1 2 1 8 2 2 6 2 2 1 1 8 1 . s 1 2 0 2 1 2 2 , 4 , , , 4 , 4 , , 5 , , 9, , 3, , 9 Lack 5 7 , 7 , , , 3, 7 , in old t i x d o . S : 6 1 1 . un n n 2 8 . 1 ize 5 cm Bo d half lea her, gilt , e closed embroidere c ver S ’ An n o n H . . d 20 N i c mplete copy , from the collectio of A Mair , sol at otheby s , ovember V ’ S of V alsall d d . . and S 1 00 u aritch . 9 (Q ) Acquire by E J haw , , sol by him at otheby s , 2 1 2 1 S n R d n Art t n 1 9 July 9 5 (lot 59, pe cer , esol at America Associa io , 4 April

P n n un n wn . S n . 1 26 lot . n 1 0 9 ( 7 5 , W Clarkso , rese t locatio k o ( ampso , 9 5 , copy E )

i n v No . n n s bro m 2 8 plates on 1 6 leaves . watermark Pri ted varyi g hades of . Delicately - w O n in n an d n . n pai ted wi th water colours , chiefly gree , blue , bro some Of the earlier e x n n in re or No pages th e letters of th te t have bee carefully illumi ated d green . n n : 1 — 1 0—1 1 2 8 2 — 0 1 8 2 —2 1 1 1 8— 1 n n . pagi atio Arra geme t 3, , , 9 3 , 3 , 9, , 4 , 5 7 , 4 , 5 , 9, — — - 2 2 2 1 1 2 2 0 2 1 1 6 1 2 . ls . . S : 1 x 1 1 . n d in , 3, 3, , , , 7 , 4 Lacks p 5 7 ize 7 5 cm Bou black - M rd on n . u . straight grai morocco , by C

I 4 Songs of Innocence

h n w k o - th e of Sir n fl . From library C arles We t orth Dil e , with his autograph the y leaf

’ ff s 1 1 1 lot n n n n O ered for sale at Chri tie s , 9 May 9 ( 55 , Te e t , but withdraw at S n n of . . that price . Passed i to the ha ds G D mith , from whom it was purchased by

f . H . o Carl Pforzheimer, New York

x hib. : 1 n o . 1 . E Philadelphia , 939, 7

w - 1 No . n in n . n . 2 7 plates on 5 leaves . watermark Pri ted bro Pai ted with water colours

— - — — 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 8 2 1 8 1 2 1 1 6 1 . No n n . an n : 2 2 pagi atio Arr geme t 3, 5 , 4 , 3 , , , , 9, , 3, , 7 — - S - of n i n S : 1 x 1 . n s . Lack 4 7 ize 9 3 5 cm titch holes at the back leaves , bou d brow

Z aehn sd orf . morocco , by ’ A S S 2 1 1 02 6 P n 1 . old at otheby s , July 9 (lot 39 , arso s , £ 9 cquired by the late

. . n n n n n . Mi ss A . G E . Carthew Prese t locatio u k ow

* w s: o P n in wn . n d M 2 on 1 . on t . 7 plates 5 leaves Watermark E P , leaves ri ted bro Pai te — n n n an d with water colour washes , predomi ati g ti ts purple blue , very beautifully ‘ ’

n x of H n in n No n n . n fi ished ; the te t oly Thursday illumi ated crimso . pagi atio Arra ge

n : 1 — 1 1 2 8— 1 2 2 — 26 2 1 8— 1 2 2 2 1 0— 1 1 8 1 2 1 1 1 6 me t 3, 4 , 5 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 7 , 9, 3, , , , 9, , 3, 7 , , ‘ ’ — Th e N 1 6— 1 n n th e 2 0 2 1 . . , Lacks 4 7 leaf with ight ( 7 ) placed the wro g way rou d by x 1 n old S : 1 8 . n i n n . 2 bi der ize 5 cm Bou d purple velvet , with mage ta silk doublures , an d ff n nn n an d n en d edges gilt gau red ; eight bla k leaves at the begi i g fourtee at the ,

of t 81 1 80 ; in on n which hree have the watermark E P 4 c temporary brow calf case , o r B K lettered SON G S I NNOCENCE w . LA E . 1 P of n n robably acquired by the first Marquess Bute , for the immaculate co ditio of t h as n an n n in 1 80 an d the volume suggests hat it seldom bee h dled si ce it was bou d 4 , a it is probable that it h s lain unn oticed in on e of the family libraries Sin ce that date . Discovered in 1 948 by a represen tative of Mes s rs Edward s in th e library of th e ’ th of R an d S 2 8 n 1 8 262 4 Marquess Bute at othesay , sold by him at otheby s , Ju e 94 (lot , w N w S o in . a yer , the library of a private collector

ik NO n in n . n d N 2 7 plates on 2 7 leaves . watermark . Pri ted brow Pai te lightly with - k — — . in in 1 2 . n n : 1 2 1 1 0 1 1 water colours Foliated by Blake black 7 Arra geme t , 3, , 5 , ,

— — — - — 8 2 2 2 1 8 1 2 8 2 0 1 20 2 1 2 1 6 1 2 8 2 2 6 1 1 2 . , 3, , 9, , 9 3 , 4 , 3, , , 4 , 9, 7 , , 5 , 4 , Lacks 5 7 ,

in n . e S : 0 x 1 . n n . . . 1 . 2 3 ize 3 cm Bou d gree leva t morocco , gilt , g , by F Bedford ’ No n n of n n n i dicatio early ow ership , but it may have belo ged to Blake s Cor ish - n n H n as n d it s t o in n in 1 . S patro , Joh awki s , it fou way a jumble sale Cor wall 933 old ’ S A 1 lot 1 8 uaritch ff uaritch in at otheby s , 3 pril 933 ( 5 , Q , O ered by Q March w 6 n . n d n o 1 . 8 an in 934 (Cat 4 , The acquired by Mrs Edward L Dohe y , the ’

n n o St n S n n . Edward Laure ce Dohe y Mem rial Library , Joh s emi ary, Camarillo , Califor ia h n o x ib. : P 1 20 . E hiladelphia, 939, .

* W m BUTTA NSH A P n in wn an d n . O 2 6 plates on 2 6 leaves . Water ark ri ted bro gree n d t w - o so x an d s n s Pai te with very pret y , light ater col urs , me of the te t de ig touched

1 E d h of a n n to h k n d l est brot er Lady Port rli gto , w om Bla e was i troduce by William Hayley about

1 80 America . 4 ; see , copy K (p

1 5 Blake ’ s Illuminated Books

fin e e - - — - n . 8 n 6 A n : 1 2 . n 1 1 up with p work Foliated by Blake , omitti g 5 rra geme t 3, 5 , 1 2 — 0 2 2 — 2 6 8 1 8 6—1 — s 2 2 1 2 1 2 1 1 8 1 2 2 2 0 2 1 . 4 , 9 3 , 4 , 5 , , 7 , 3 , 3, , 3, , 7 , 4 , 9, 9, , , Lack — — S - x - 1 0 1 1 . : 1 1 . nd in n n 5 7 , ize 9 5 3 5 cm Bou co temporary gree marbled boards , with n an e - roa back d green n d papers . Probably bought from Blake by Arthur Ch am pe rn own e ( 1 7 69 whose collec ’ o in 1 tion f pictures was sold at Christie s 8 20 . This volume came to light in February 1 6 n ff his - n n Cham rn ow e S . . e n . 93 , amo g the e ects of great gra dso , A M p old for him

’ S 6 1 6 1 8 S Now in e n o . . at otheby s , May 93 (lot 7 , chwarz , the p ss ssio of T E

H n P nn n . a ley , of Bradford , e sylva ia

P d 1 n o . 1 x hib. : 2 E hila elphia , 939,

2 6 on 2 6 . 1 1 I 80 on and E DME A OS a plates leaves Watermarks J W [ATMAN] [ 4] , two leaves , n an w in . 1 8 02 on . and n PI NE , two leaves Pri ted or ge Very lightly beautifully pai ted ith - d n n x on . 2 an water colour washes , a delicate pale blue predomi ati g ; the te t pl 3 some — — — o e . Ar n f n n d n n . n : 1 1 1 0 1 1 2 26 the desig s outli e with a p No foliatio ra geme t 3, 4 , , 5 , - — 1 2 2 2 2 0 2 1 2 28 1 6 1 8 1 1 1 2 2 2 1 8 . c s 1 0 . , 3, 7 , , , 4 , 4 , , 9, 7 , , 5 , 3 , 3, , 9, La k 5 7 , 9, 3 - - - S : 1 8 x 1 2 8 . n in n n o co ize 7 cm Bou d co temporary black straight grai mor c , gilt , with an an d of ol e s o H i s m f d t d in n . e . n velvet p els the arm Thomas J afo s ampe the ce tre , g ,

red morocco case . w h r n t e of . k n On the recto of the first leaf is ritten : [M . Joh es] gift Mr Mal i ’ so that this volume eviden tly belon ged origi n ally to the author of A Father s Memoirs o his Child 1 806 an d n b o n a e f , , was give y him to Thomas J h es , to whom he dedic t d his ’

ohn e s s n n in n n and n . book . J ame has bee erased the i scriptio , traces o ly are left Later H n of n e n in n n . d the possessio of Laure ce W odso , Wolverhampto , whose lab l is i si e ’ S his S r 1 06 6 Tre as k is the cover . old with library at otheby s , 3 Decembe 9 ( lot 4 , g , acDo d w h n M n al ho d in 1 20 E d d s . T e acquired by Dr Greville , sol it 9 to war fo of h in A 1 2 2 r n . n Purc ased from Gabriel Wells pril 9 by Fra k B Bemis , Bosto ,

and R n in 1 0 un c . n r sold through ose bach 94 to Cha ey B Ti ker , with both thei book w n P n n Ne H n . plates . Give by rofessor Ti ker to Yale U iversity Library , ave

P d 1 n o . 1 8 . x hib. : n 1 1 n o. 1 E Ma chester , 9 4 , 49; hila elphia , 939,

s 1 802 an d 1 80 . 28 plates on 2 8 leaves . Watermarks EDMEADS PI NE J W HATMAN 4 - f n in d n n . n c o Pri ted gol e brow Very beautifully pai ted with water olours , some the

- — d 1 . n n : 1 1 x an d n n in in k . 2 8 0 te t desig s heighte ed Foliate by Blake Arra geme t 3, , — 1 7 . — - in - n n S : 1 x 1 2 . n Lacks 5 7 . ize 7 5 cm Bou d olive gree calf, with a drawi g by Blake of a wom a n holdi n g a young boy tipped i n at the e nd . ’ n d n o n nn e n-an d Erro eously state to have bee J h Li ell s copy , probably because a p in k portrait of Blake by Li nn ell an d an autograph letter from Blake to him were at on e ’

n S d S 2 1 8 1 1 00 H . S b time i serted . ol at otheby s , 7 July 93 ( lot , eath , £ 49 old y b h b f n . uaritch in 1 00 s n . o Q 9 to Mar de J Perry, Provide ce Later oug t from him y Now in d n d . . A . an William White , give by him to his brother , Alfre T White the ’

n A n V an S n n . S n 1 0 possessio of the latter s daughter , Mrs dria i dere ( ampso , 9 5 , copy G . )

1 6 ” Songs cg Innocence

h os — n wo x ib. : 1 0 n . 6 t ; h E Grolier Club , 9 5 , 5 ( wro gly catalogued as items) Philadelp ia ,

1 n o . 1 . 939, 9

o wn NO . n in r . n R 9 plates on 9 leaves . watermark Pri ted blue bro Pai ted with water

M h d d d n . . n [ ] colours , some wit gol adde to the esig s Foliated by Blake Arra ged as follows , ’ — Blake s n umbers bei n g given in brackets : 1 23 1 6 2 5 2 6 ( 2 2 S x 1 on e 2 2 1 2 of n 20 . t 4 4 4 ize origi al leaf about 5 cm , hough — d in in . d an d . n leaf is scorche two others are trimmed Bou boards , a slip case ’ Acquired by the 1 st Baron Dimsdale duri ng Blake s lifetime . It is probable that the s w as n o s n n n n r wn serie origi ally c mplete , the e i e leaves havi g bee escued by their o er ’

S . S 2 o 1 2 on . from a b fire old for Major Thomas E Dimsdale at otheby s , 4 N vember 95

lot Now in n ff n . ( 99, the collectio of Geo rey Key es

S n i 1 8 . P n . 2 8 plates on 28 leaves . Watermark J WHATMAN 08 ri ted grey Carefully - — A an n : n n o 2 2 8 . [Q] pai ted with water colours in subdued to es . F liated by Blake rr geme t 1 — 1 1 0— 1 1 8 2 — 0 1 2 0 2 1 28 1 8— 1 1 2 2 1 6—1 2 2 — 2 6 2 2 1 3, 5 , , , 9 3 , 9, 3, , , , 9, , 3, 7 , 7 , 5 , , 4 , — ’ w 1 2 . s n n n 3 , 4 , 4 Lacks 5 7 ; Blake foliatio Sho s that a fro tispiece , which has rece tly

S : x . n s n n n . 2 0 1 bee upplied from a other source , was origi ally i cluded ize about 5 4 5 cm , n n - n on n u trimmed . The leaves , which Show the origi al stitch holes , are mou ted su k

an d n in r n R . mats bou d b ow morocco , gilt , by iviere h of uaritch The early istory this copy is n ot kn own . It was bought by Q from a private 6 1 an d n and ff in t of 1 20 . source , o ered heir catalogue December 9 (Cat 3 , agai , w 68 h n h n n o ns in 1 2 2 . with the fro tispiece i erted , March 9 ( Cat 3 , T e boug t ’ d 1 N Mrs P A . . an s o d An n 8 by hoebe D Boyle , l with her library at derso s , ovember

S r . an d d 1 2 6 . . S 1 . 9 3 (lot 4 , G D mith , 8 Acquired by George C mith , J , sol with his

- n P m 2 N 1 8 1 6 nn on . collectio at arke Be et , ovember 93 (lot , Ga , Not traced

in . o n s of . n T 2 9 plates n 2 9 leaves . Portio watermark J WHATMAN Pri ted dark grey - d ff P n w s x n d an n fi n e . [I] ai ted ith rich but simple water colour , the te t ti te the ge eral e ect — — — — n . n n : 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 o 1 1 1 1 2 20 No foliatio Arra geme t 3, 5 , 4 , 4 , 3, , 9 3 , , 3, , 4 7 , , — — — - S : 1 x 1 . un i 2 1 1 8 1 2 26 8 1 6 1 . 2 2 8 . 8 n , 9, 5 , 9, , 7 Lacks 7 , ize 5 4 cm Bo d russia ,

bli n d tooled . ’ A d H s n s 2 1 1 1 0 2 6 ff for copy sol at odg o , April 9 (lot 4 , Edwards , O ered sale t n in 1 1 1 . 2 68 n o . by Maggs 9 (Cat , 35 , Acquired by Miss Ca heri e Bullard ,

n n n n n . of Boston . Prese t locatio u k ow

o o e . P . d in n o . U 1 on 1 . n n n 3 plates 3 leaves Watermark WHATMAN , leaf ri te black U c loured n : 2 1 1 0— 1 1 2 — 0 2 2 28 1 1 8 20 2 1 1 6— 1 2 2 Formerly arra ged , , 3, , 9 3 , 9, , , 3, 4 , , , , 7 , 7 , 4 , — — — - S : 1 x 1 1 . in n n 1 8 1 1 2 2 2 2 6 1 1 . 9, , 3, 5 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 5 7 ize 9 7 cm Now loose bi di g together Descri tive a talo ue 1 80 an d anterbu Pil rims 1 8 1 2 - with the p C g , 9, the C ry g , ; fly leaf with

watermark dated 1 8 1 8 . in n of R Balm ann o an n n d Formerly the possessio obert , E glish jour alist , who emigrate e w H e n n S h an d an d s to N York . had bee frie dly with tot ard Fuseli other arti ts who A in l i n n w an d . k e Blake , may have had the books direct from him fterwards the col ect o f R n an d C O For an of . . H o n . in 1 88 . E W ooper , Bosto eproduced 3 by Little , Brow , m y

1 7 Blake ' s Illuminated Books

’ o oo S o in the n f I I e r s . t Jr . f n and years possessio p daughter , Mrs Greely Cur is , , Bosto , n b he r n H h n H a n give y sister , Mrs Ward Thoro , to the oug to Library , arv rd U iversity ,

in 1 95 1 in memory of her father .

s - S n n . d n 30 plates on 30 leaves . Coloured . Lack title page ize give as Bou i half h leat er . '

H . a n . S From the library of W . Crawford , of Lakel ds , co Cork , sold at otheby s ,

1 2 1 8 1 0 T re as k is 8 March 9 ( lot 35 , g , £ ,

- - V V m ark . S x 2 2 on 2 2 . ate r J n . 20 1 2 1 . plates leaves WHATMAN U coloured ize about 3 cm ,

n in . n . n u cut U bou d , morocco cover ‘ ’ ’ S P of N n od n 2 8 u n 1 0 2 60 old the roperty a oblema at H gso s , J e 94 (lot , Private , £ 2 5)

S R E PRODUC TI ONs : n 81 C o . 1 88 ; 1 88 FAC IMILE Little , Brow , 3 William Muir , 5 , coloured H ol e r 1 2 Bun sh o a ak u n 1 (copy D) ; Frederick y , 9 3, coloured ; J g , Kyoto , Japa , 933,

n n n n . Se e n S on s o n nocence a n d o partly coloured , with tra slatio i to Japa ese also u der g f I f

x e ience . 6 . E p r , p 9

1 8 T H E O O K of u t r 81 m 1 I B ] T H E L The A ho Pri n ter Will Blake . 7 89

D E S C R I PT I O N Th ’ — = el s otto an d ls . x h x 1 1 x 6 ls . 8 1 . M 2 of el . I I v title , p , te t T , chs , p plates , 5 5 cm (e cept

— - . 1 6 th e h h n n . pl relief etchi n g . Plates are n umbered at top rig t a d cor er C O N T E N T S ’ Thel Mott x s o n on 6 1 0 . [ i] , 4 li es a small plate , cm - h The Book o hel . n r [ ii] Title page , f T , etc A sle der t ee arc es over the title from left to ’ n h n n the right ; beside it Thel sta ds with a s epherd s crook , gazi g at a pla t from flowers of h h n n n . w ich Spri g two small figures , a ude male pursui g a clot ed female

1 Th h a u t d u d l . el . n : T e d h ers Mne S a h m le o n the s unn ocks n I Begi s g of er p i r ir y f . Arou d th e n n n t n an n headi g are various small figures , i cludi g a you h soari g after eagle , a woma n n h n n a nd and n on embraci g a flyi g c ild , a floati g ude with sword shield , a youth lyi g a leaf gazi n g upwards .

h u d m t o a . W sho l the is ess the les H ar utt r a i h 2 n . n : v e s . ( I, co t ) Begi s y r f of , g Below , the Lily bows before Thel ben eath the droopi ng branches of a birch- tree wh ich stan ds to th e h rig t .

C d h a . 0 little lou t e vir n s id cha e thee tell o . n : i t me . No n x 3 II Begi s g , I rg decoratio , e cept o d a Sprig at the t p an bottom .

’ ’ Th n The as t n i h d w d h W . l s u . ie t e o m on its dew bed n : e o v . o 4 III Begi s r p y Ab ve , Thel , h n n n n th e n with outstretc ed arms , sta ds before the i fa t Worm as it lies upo a lily, while flyi g of th e Sk of figure the Cloud floats away in y; the trun k a tree appears to the right . h . n ut h ha o . n : B e t t l ves t e lowl ours his oil u on m head . in 5 ( III, co t ) Begi s y, p p y Below , the shadow of huge plan ts Thel Sits w ith bowed head and folded arms watchin g the matron an d n n n o th d Clay the i fa t Worm playi g n e groun before her . I V 6 . The terna l a tes terr orter l ted the n orthern bar h n . n : e c . Begi s g ifi p if Below , t ree aked

h e A a . 1 n nn n on t of n . . meric childre ( I oce ce) ride back a serpe t ( Nature) ( Cf , pl N O T E The Book h l n n th e n of T e belongs to th e s ame peri od as the So gs of In noce ce . It was seco d x d in n n n an d th e of major work e ecute by Blake illumi ated pri ti g , first the prophetic books

. t he in m an n n n published It is first act the drama of as i terpreted by Blake , i flue ced greatly th e — x x n . n an n n by Greek idea of pre e iste ce Thel represe ts u bor spirit , or parado ically the

h ad an d wn t o wh in un spirit before it died come do earth , ere it must live death til freed by the t o - -th - an d n . n th e of e grave eter al life Usi g symbols of the Lily Valley , the Cloud , the Worm , th e of n n an s n an d h Clod Clay to represe t idealistic i f cy , youth , adole ce ce mother ood , Blake

’ of Th el s i of n n n n th e tells the story v sit to the world ge eratio , her frighte ed rejectio of self

n of x n an d h er n . sacrifici g aspects e perie ce , flight back to eter ity The book is his first attempt x n t o - a aw to e plai his fellow m en through a myth t ruth s he s it .

1 9 ’ Blake s Illuminated Books

he l of lar e n x d l 0 2 . n un T is a volume g quarto size , measuri g usua ly about 3 3 cm whe trimme , a d n h o On e n n n n on e of n . co sisti g of eig t plates , which are always pri ted side the leaf o ly i ncomplete set of proofs an d fifteen fi n ished copies are fully described ; three more are t o be h h h of n n n th e t . fou d amo g sale records , which s ould per aps be ide tified wit some o hers The

n n and n n un in b n ot arra geme t co stitutio of the plates fo d the copies descri ed below do vary ,

x in h h n n an d N an d in h c e cept copy E , w ic has o ly seve plates , copies O , whic plate i is pla ed I n A—L t he n in h of n or n at t he e nd . copies plates are pri ted various light s ades brow gree in k an d n n -c of n , are coloured wi th tra spare t water olour washes ; the character the colouri g is

an d an d d n ot in of h simple sometimes of great beauty , it oes vary so much as some the ot er n an d x illumin ated books . The te tative quality almost e act similarity of the colourin g in ’ t o n a several copies would seem i dic te Mrs Blake s participation . n in n The Morga proofs black have the u dated watermark J WHATMAN , as do some of the S on s o n nocence B co s fi e ld o he . ea n c t L earlier copies of g f I The py ( F) , with watermark I TAY OR ’ 1 x D I s raeli as th e o s e 7 94 , was e ecuted for Isaac at the same time other b ok from that colle

n and n on n . of h tio , is pri ted larger paper tha the rest All the other copies w ich details are h h o x n n d on n . h available , e cept for two later o es , are pri te paper w ic bears watermark T is fact an d the comparative un iformity of the colouri n g make it seem probable that t hey were n an d n d and in pri ted illumi ate by Blake his wife at about the same time , perhaps the years — h x O e 0 T e n C i s N an d s 1 . 1 8 . 1 8 7 9 94 e ceptio s , p , have watermark dated 5 They are more n the co ies an d n o elaborately coloured tha other p , were doubt made some time before i h f in 1 8 1 8 . x o in as in a copy was of ered for sale The te t , wh ch is etched thr ug out italic , the n ot x in an d h as th e t wo later books , does vary , e cept that copies I J Blake erased last w li n es but t o . Th e s n o fir t li e of the p em , which reads

‘ ’ The daughters of Mn e Se raphi m led roun d their sunn y flocks

h a n n n . s has given rise to some co jecture W . B . Yeats suggested that Blake first i te ded to ‘ ’ Mn e th a in an d i d write The daughters of , but afterwards adopted the above read g om tte

‘ ’ ‘ ’ n n to alter Mn e i n to the . Foster Damon on the other ha d has poi ted out that Blake

‘ ’ ’ m ay have fo un d the n ame E n e Seraph im ( H ebrew for son s of t he Seraphim) in Agrippa s hil so h H e h n Occult P o p y from which he took other mystical n ames . felt t at the cha ge from

Bne to Mne was mean in gless . ‘ I n P os ectus of 1 hel w as d as Th e of P in in the r p 7 93 T a vertised Book Thel , a oem Illum ated ’ ‘ ’

n n 6 n s s . n n n s n Pri ti g . Quarto , with desig , price 3 Evide tly Blake recko ed as desig o ly — I 1 1 th e b w as th e s ix of x n on 1 6 . n 8 8 plates te t , which he had umbered t he Copper ook ‘ ’ ff a d 1 th e n s e h s 6 n 2 . 2 . o an in 8 2 o ered Thel pri ts quarto £ , 7 price was i crea d to t ree

n of n n in w n i of gui n eas . The ide tities origin al purchasers are k ow the o ersh p George ’

n A S s D I s raeli a nd s s . Cumberla d ( ) , Thomas tothard (E) , I aac ( F) , Thoma Butt (L)

C 0 P I E s " d . a on . on on e . P in d in . n 5 plates 5 leaves Watermark J WHATMAN , leaf r te black U coloure P od s r - - and d d . x x . n n . an 6 S : o 1 1 8 0 2 Lacks pl i , 4 ize fr m 9 4 4 to 3 3 4 9 cm U bou d , matte ,

in folder .

20

Blake ’ s Illuminated Books

u a itc h r . on h is 2 0 1 8 1 . Q , Acquired by William A White March 9 After death

b h n h a nd w as n n h . it was bought y Joh W . Frot i g am , give by Miss Elizabet W ’ n h in 1 0 . . n of Frothi gham 94 to W A White s daug ter , Mrs William Emerso , Cambridge ,

Mass .

hib. x : 1 0 n o. 1 0 . E Grolier Club , 9 5 ,

8 - on 8 No . n in n n . D plates leaves . watermark Pri ted golde brow Lightly touched with - S n n . : 2 x 2 2 . n water colours , probably by Mrs Blake ; prevaili g ti t blue ize 9 cm Bou d

in . e . n half morocco , g . , i terleaved P n in 1 8 6 urchased from Messrs Eva s 5 for t he British Museum Pri n t Room .

0 No . P n n wn . 7 plates 11 7 leaves . watermark ri ted i bro Delicately pai n ted with light

— d n n n h an n . s . S water colours , blue bright pi k bei g the predomi a t s ades Lack pl i . ize - x i an d n i cc a 0 2 . n n . 3 3 5 cm Loose , wrapper , edges frayed me ded , moro o c se O ‘ ’ n S . n n : Stoth a s Obtai ed from Blake by tothard the wrapper is writte rd Copy . ’ ‘

. n I n n in Preserve This copy was see by Gilchrist who wrote ( i , may me tio

’ n n Stothard s n n corroboratio of a previous assertio of Obligatio s as a desig er to Blake , ’ of hel Stoth ard s d n on that the copy T , formerly , bears evi e ce of familiar use his part , ’ ’

in n and n n . s broke edges , the marks of a pai ter s oily fi gers These mark are , however , ow is d n on e o of S r n less clear . This copy probably to be i e tified with fr m the library i ’ R n was S s 1 1 8 1 8 1 1 R n obert Comy , which sold at otheby , 3 March 93 (lot , obso , h b b 1 . s . o £ 4 It was s ortly afterwards acquired y Thoma J Wise , but res ld y him

H . n an d in 1 8 . n n n d 99 I t eve tually came i to the possessio of erschel V Jo es , was sol with ’ n s n 2 1 1 8 1 8 2 R n n in his library at A der o s , December 9 (lot , ose bach , The the w N w n and w - n A . m 1 6 A collectio of Ed ard e to , sold ith his library at Parke Be et , pril 1 1 1 28 S n n P Chaunc 94 (lot , to ehill , Fi ally acquired by rofessor y Brewster b w n and n n s Ne H n . Ti ker , give y him to Yale U iver ity Library, ave The portfolio

con tai n s the tickets of the last three own ers .

d 1 11 0 . 6 . x hib. : 2 E Phila elphia , 939,

o s d . 8 plates on 8 leaves . Watermark I TAYLOR 1 7 94 n pl . 3 an 5 Prin ted in golden - h of n . n t e n in brow Delicately pai ted with light water colours , figure Thel u iformly - S x . w an d d n n s . : 2 2 n yello , blue use ge erally for backgrou d ize 37 5 7 cm , u cut , with

n in n in red o o . orig i n al stitch holes . Mou ted loosely a volume bou d half m r cco

’ S Be acon s field Probably bought by Is aac D I s raeli from Blake . old with t he library ’ S h 2 0 1 88 2 E and ff and at ot eby s , March ( lot 59, llis White , O ered by Ellis White Mac eor e of in h N 1 88 2 2 and . . t eir catalogue of ovember for £ 4 , acquired by B B g g , ’ S Mac eor e S 1 1 2 lot 1 1 0 Glasgow . old with the g g library at otheby s , July 9 4 ( ,

uaritch ff b u aritch in N 1 2 £ . d b Q , O ered y Q ovember 9 4 for 37 5 Acquire y S r d - m N 1 8 . . an n 2 George C mith , J , sold with his collectio at Parke Be et , ovember 93 f 1 R n Now in n . R n d n o ( lot 4 , ose bach , the Lessi g J ose wal Collectio , Library

n n n DC . Co gress , Washi gto , S n Nat . . x hib. : . . 1 1 n o . 88 ; a n s 1 1 n o . 1 ; E Nat Gall , 9 3, M che ter , 9 4 , 57 Gall cotla d ,

h o . 1 1 n o . 1 n 2 . 9 4 , case B , 3; P iladelphia , 939, 7

29 The Book ( f Thel

- 8 on 8 . w . P n i h plates leaves No atermark ri ted n blue green . Delicately pai n ted wit -c S 0 in . : x 2 . n n . water olours ize 3 4 cm Bou d moder morocco , gilt

in n x n the Formerly the collectio of Charles Fairfa Murray , whose label is i side and n in 1 1 2 cover , prese ted by him 9 to the Fitzwilliam Museum , Cambridge .

No . n in n . n h h 8 plates on 8 leaves . watermark Pri ted gree Delicately pai ted wit lig t - - S : x . n . n i R . w . 0 2 n ater colour washes ize 3 7 3 5 cm , u cut Bou d blue morocco , by iviere

’

in n . . n and S h 1 n 1 0 Formerly the possessio of F P Osmasto , sold at ot eby s , Ju e 9 5 lot 2 n an d ( 7 7 , Dobell , Dobell believes it was sold to a other bookseller , it was

e as k s Mac o a s Tr i in 1 06 . D n ld h i bought from g 9 by Dr Greville M , who added book i x in n n in 1 2 0 . n plate . He tur sold it to Fra cis Edwards March 9 It appeared a mi ed ’ n n 2 1 1 2 1 08 an d sale at A derso s , May 9 3 (lot , Drake , was acquired by Major - v h i . an R . n n W . Whittall , w ose book label is the fro t I t was resold at the sale of his A an n 1 1 2 1 1 1 R n h library at the meric Art Associatio , 4 February 9 7 (lot , ose bac ,

an d n ow in s n . R n n n is the Le si g J ose wald Collectio , Library of Co gress , DC n n . Washi gto ,

x hib. : n s 1 1 n o . 1 8 ; . . Sc n 1 1 n o . 1 0 ; h E Ma che ter , 9 4 , 5 Nat Gall otla d , 9 4 , Philadelp ia ,

1 n o . 2 . 939, 4

No . P n i . n 8 plates on 8 leave s . watermark ri ted n green Delicately pai ted with water

n in and n . s n x colours ; prevaili g t ts blue , yellow , pi k The la t two li es but two of the te t

S x . n an d n n . : 2 2 n have bee erased , some decoratio s pai ted over them ize 9 5 3 cm Bou d in half calf. in of an - n Formerly the library Fr cis Douce , whose book plate is i side the cover .

h b in 1 8 od n x d . Bequeat ed y him 35 to the B leia Library , O for N o . P n in . h n 8 plates on 8 leaves . watermark ri ted green Brig tly pai ted with deep - c n and n n . n water olour washes , yellow , gree raspberry predomi ati g The last two li es 1 S of the tex t but two have been erased and tin ted over by Blake as in copy . ize - x ision th au ht o Albion in 2 8 2 . n s e ers 9 3 5 cm Bou d , together with V of D g f , copy G , old

lake . n e . : The Book o hel B B 1 8 n straight grai olive morocco , g . , lettered f T y 7 9 I ter 1 8 1 1 an d h leaved with tissue paper , which is watermarked J WHATMAN , wit a watermark dated 1 8 1 6 on two of the fly—leaves ’ ‘ I n n n bd i s an d x in . Di n the fro t is a ote Thomas F autograph , very curious e tra rare “ ’ a c h S s in 1 8 1 . 1 u rit . 8 o 00 T D old at Christie B ught about 9 from Q by Amy Lowell , d d bequeathe by her in 1 92 5 to the H arvard College Library . hib Ph d x . : 1 n o . 2 . E ila elphia , 939, 5

No n . n on 8 . P in d in 8 plates leaves watermark . r te gree Delicately pai ted with water

S : x . 1 in n . colour washes . ize 2 9 2 3 5 cm Boun d about 885 half maroo morocco h in s n . . n n Formerly the po sessio of J J Garth Wilki so , from w om it passed to his ’ w 1 Mrs . as daughter, M J . Mathews . After her death it sold at Christie s , 9 April 945 2 8 u aritch ff d for uaritch in h n n (lot , Q , O ere sale by Q t eir Ce te ary Catalogue ,

n . 1 for £ 00 . t o an d n ow in 947 , 7 Traded America the Yale U iversity Library 1 ’ h Dibd in s n 26 Jim 1 8 1 . Not catalogued wit library , sold by Eva s , e 7

23 Blake ’ s Illuminated Books

8 o 8 . NO n . n in n . n d n plates leaves watermark Pri ted gree Pai te with stro g yellow ,

an d - S - x n c . : B n cc . . 0 2 . in n n e blue pi k water olours ize 3 4 4 cm ou d gree leva t moro o , g ,

by F . Bedford .

’ n in n of s an d t his o n S Origi ally the possessio Thoma Butts , sold wi h c llectio , otheby s , 6 o 2 8 l t 1 . 2 . 1 2 . n r a t o March 5 ( 5 , F T Palgrave , £ From Fra cis Palg ave it p ssed - n who - an d w as for o in Frederick Locker Lampso , added his book plate , s me years the Ro wfa t d C o n . n an in 1 0 s d in Library Whe this was sold by Dodd , Mead . 9 4 it pas e to w h . o h e o r in t H n . H n f . . n n in n San the collectio E D Chu c It is e ry E u t gto Library ,

n n . Mari o , Califor ia

“ - 8 . o w M plates on 8 leaves N watermark . Prin ted in red bro n . Lightly pain ted with - d n n an n a . clear water colour washes , blue pi k predomi ati g , probably by Mrs Bl ke S - x - d un in u : 0 2 . n an n oc n ize 3 4 3 7 cm I terleaved bo d half gree mor co , u c t, by De

Coverly .

‘ ’ ‘ ’ On n nn in in k H d in plate i is the ame Euphrasia Fa y , with aworth ad ed

n . in n of . d H s n t u d d 1 8 is on pe cil Formerly the collectio J Fre erick all , whose ig a re ate 7 3 ’ fl - S A n H S 0 n 1 2 lot 2 the y leaf. old with the library of r old all at otheby s , 3 Ju e 9 7 ( 34 , h a Rim e ll £ . d n an d c o n d as an , 4 It bee catalogued as a facsimile , was re g ize ff b Rim ell is ions the origi n al on ly by the purchaser . O ered for sale y together with V of

a u hte s ( Albion an d Ame ica in 1 2 1 600 . D g r j , copy K , r , copy L , 9 7 for £ Acq uired by w h o oin tl . . th e H n . and n . n in 1 1 it Owe D You g , 94 gave j y with Dr A A Berg to e ry W w . n Of Ne . Albert A Berg Collectio , the York Public Library

o . in 8 on 8 s . Rc S E a 1 8 1 n n plates leave Watermark TURNERS 5 , two leaves Pri ted - - d n s in n . n d red brow Very beautifully pai te with bright water colours , the esig some

n an n in in k and n d n in . n n : i st ces outli ed , each plate surrou ed by a frami g l e Arra geme t — — ls . a nd 6 . S : 2 8 x 2 . n in 1 6 1. N on 2 8 ii , , umbered by Blake p ize 3 cm Formerly bou d

a The Marria e o H eaven an d H ell an d is ions o the a u hte s c lf, together with g f , copy G , V f D g r w - A . o lbion n o in n o e . f , copy P ; red straight grai mor cco , g ’ n n n th e k S 1 1 8 0 The volume co tai i g three boo s was sold at otheby s , 7 February 9 0 1 R n h n an d hel x n ( lot 3 , obso , I t was t e divided up , T was sold to Ale a der Mackay

’ h s w h 2 6 A 1 2 1 lot 1 for 2 . th e Of i £ 3 After death idow , it was resold at C ristie s , pril 9 ( ,

‘ ’

w in nn i . Shoe b rid e No in n of n . g , the collectio Joh J Emery , of C ci ati , Oh o

h . 8 . x ib. : 1 n o 2 E Philadelphia , 939,

d 6 . P n d in W 1 8 1 on ls . 1 an 8 on 8 . S plates leaves atermark RU E TURNERS 5 , p ri te - - of on th e n . R n red brow ichly pai ted with bright water colours , touches gold first five — k N in in k 1 8 . th e n n in in . plates , desig s very carefully outli ed umbered by Blake

- - x - in h e an n : 1 6 . S : 2 8 2 1 . n Arr geme t ii , , i ize 7 7 cm Bou d alf calf, marbled dges , t AI il on . together with , copy D R n n /t Now n . Al i on . in For history , see , copy D the Lessi g J ose wald Collectio ,

n n n . . Library of Co gress , Washi gto , D C

hi h 1 n o . 2 . x hib. : E P ladelp ia , 939, 9 The Book of Thel

S n S P 8 plates on 8 leaves . Coloured . ize give as ewn .

’ S h 1 1 8 02 n [N] A copy sold at ot eby s , July 95 ( lot 5 , Ellis , Perhaps to be ide tified

with copies G or H above .

S . S n n . n 8 on 8 . . Q plates leaves Coloured ize give as folio , u cut ew ’

0 d S 2 2 1 8 806 1 8 . h [ ] A copy sol at otheby s , February 97 (lot , Gerrard , £ Per aps

to n H or o . be ide tified with copies G , P ab ve

in n . n h h NO . n 8 plates on 8 leaves . watermark Pri ted light brow Pai ted wit lig t water

w o n tw o of x n ot n S colour washes . The last t li es but the te t have bee erased . ize

x d . n . 0 2 . n 3 4 cm , u trimme Co temporary wrappers ’ Pu t t ick and S s n 1 1 n of H . . 00 From the collectio A Mair , sold at imp o s , 9 November 9 0 uaritch S n isions o the Dau hters o Albion (lot 33 , Q , i ce V f g f , copy H , was also h uaritch an d n . bought at the Mair sale by Q , was sold to Marsde J Perry , t is is probably ’ on n Art-An son 1 1 1 6 the copy sold with his collecti at America der s , March 93 (lot 37 , t an d in 1 h S o 2 . Drake , old by Drake a private collector, 95 repurc ased by them

P s n P or . is an an d n erhap to be ide tified with copy Q This early copy , should have bee — placed in the series A F.

: I n Works b Willia m Blake 1 8 6 : 1 88 F A C S I M I L E R E P R O D U CT I O N S y , 7 William Muir , 4 ,

E Y 1 20 H ol e r . 1 2 coloured (copy D) ; , iii ; William Muir , 9 , coloured ; Frederick y , c 9 3, an 1 2 8 d Bun sh o a ak u 1 coloured ; Goll cz , 9 , coloure (copy D) ; J g , 934 , coloured , with

tran slation i n to Japan ese .

25 V I S I O NS of th e Da u gh te rs of Albi on Th e E ye s e e s m ore t han the

"

H r ow s r e : . e a t kn . P i n ted by Will ? Blak 1 7 93

D E s c R I PT I 0 N = ls . V isions 8 ls . 1 1 x n n 1 2 2 . Fro tispiece , title , Argume t , 3 p , , p plates , about 7 cm , relief - - n n w . 2 a nd n h n d etchi g , pai ted with ater colours Plates , 3, 5 , 7 are umbered at the top right a n cor er . C O N T E N T S n Ooth oon an d Brom io h n d [ i] Fro tispiece . n are c ai e back to back at the mouth of a cave ;

Th e otorm on in n in n Se a an d S crouches despair behi d them ; the backgrou d is the of Time pace ,

h an n s un n I s u over w ich a gry is setti g . ( n the earliest copies the n and clouds are clearly n n n a pri ted ; the relief outli e becomes fai ter n d fai n ter in later impression s . )

- . Urize Oo h h isions . n thoon Se a [ ii] Title page V , etc pursues t roug a storm across the of and S n in n on nd ff in Time pace scatteri g his wake a da ce of Joys ; the right sta cli s ; above , n th e clouds are despairi g figures . ( In the earlier state the cloud above an d to th e left of Visions n d was an d in n n ot A is clearly pri te ; it removed subseque t impressio s does n appear . study f th e R MS f or of Urizen on . o an d th e in the head is p 7 4 Notebook ( ossetti ) , for figure the upper right on p . O The Ar umen t . an o h oon n n 2 of n . o t n [ iii] g st zas 4 li es each Bel w , , k eeli g with her ha ds d on n of Le u ha n u o t o t f . crosse her breast , kisses the ti y figure , who spri gs a flower ( A sketch of for this design is on p . 2 8 th e Notebook . ) ’ lav d t a u ht isions . n : E ns he ers Albion wee . n d t he 1 . n V Begi s , D g of p Arou title flyi g figures n Oothoo Brom shoot dow arrows ; below n an d ion lie e x hau s ted .

n : Now thou m us t m arr r mions ha ot a d t t th d . a I n 2 B l n o ec e chil . n Begi s y r , pr the ce tre , a dark Brom ion h n x n n fi gure , probably , lies overcome wit fatigue , leavi g his picka e agai st a falle tree .

’ An d n n ut m : e b Bro ion can hear m lamen tations . . n o Th eotorm on s 3 Begi s y Below , eagle Ooth oon n x on h n n . n on . 2 re ds the bosom of , lyi g e te ded a cloud ( A sketch for t is desig is p 3 of the Notebook . ) Wave shadows o discon ten t a d in wha es dw . n : ? n t hous ell th wr t h e e c ed . 4 Begi s f Above ,

Ooth oon n on e an in th e n Th e otorm on , chai ed by kle , hovers a wave over despairi g figure of , ’

on n s d . th e seated with head k ees at the water e ge ( A sketch of seated figure is on p . 7 4 of the d an s n on . Notebook , for the whole de ig p But when t m o a h m . n : rn a h he rose er l en ta tion renewd . t e t he d 5 Begi s , Near bottom , drape O th oo figure of o n lies prostrate .

: An d ala e o t 6 . n a c e ern it n the aws o the hun i r ave . Theotorm on Begi s p f y j f g y gr Below , ,

- n on Ooth oon n half sitti g a cloud , scourges himself, while passes before him weepi g , with her h an ds before her eyes .

9 6 V isions of the Daughters of Albion

ha o . n : I n co ulati n i in even in mild wea ied with w o k . 7 Begi s ppy p ; f g , r r Above , four of the of h i Daughters Albion sit uddled n despair . ! 8 . n : IV /I ere the cold miser s eads his old or does the b i ht loud d o c . Begi s pr g r g r p Below ,

Ooth oon h r in h of n , wit outst etched arms , floats a cloud over three Daug ters Albio , seated on Se a I and S . n a rock , lapped by the of Time pace ( t he earlier state a large cloud appears above to the right and below t he floati n g figure ; it was removed an d leaves on ly fai n t

’ an d fi u re s h . A of o 8 traces above below t he g left arm Sketc this design is n p . 7 of the

Notebook . ) NO T E t - of d 1 an d The ti le page this work is date 7 93, the earliest copies probably were completed

. hel x n h n th e S on s n nocence that year As T is to a large e te t t he prop etic cou terpart Of g of I , isions the Da u hters o Albion on o so t he V of g f complemen ts the S gs f Experience . The desig n s in the te x t— the fron tispiece an d th e title-page n ormally bei n g the last completed section of an — he Th e n y book are stylistically very close to those of T l. colouri g of t he early copies is n d The an in s . x h of h very ge tle simple , as the previous book mood of the te t is t at bot t he S on s o x erience d The a tes o Pa adi I an se. n The g f E p G f r all , although previously placed after Marria e o H eaven an d H ell s in n w n ot g f , the e dicatio s ould Show that it was completed , if n begu , before that work . It has been s urmised by several writers on Blake that the peri od of E x perience marked ’ x in and in n h n h a se ual crisis Blake s life , that either he fell love with a ot er or lear ed t at he a d d h s n n n . n n in s i his wife were desti e to remai childless Co seque tly , this book he set forth resen tmen t at the miserable estate to which love had been forced . Marriage as a religious o wa un of x s on n an d r legal tie s objection able . The ion the se e should be based emotio x — a n n s th e isions an se uality pure ecstatic phen omen o . It has bee sugge ted that V is idealized n th e n far an of n biography of Mary Godwi , but relatio ship with her is more of ideas th perso al ’ h B om ion s . the Ooth oon s d nn x n n r detail Blake tells story Of force co e io wit the ratio al ,

h n al n h e r n n Th eotorm on . whic preve ts her from re izi g happi ess with her true love , the emotio al in n n n x of w n h th e n I t is esse ce a plai t agai st the se ual morals the day , hich i ibited developme t ’ of an n n n s x as an an in n m s total bei g , looki g upo e uality shame rather th strume t for the attai n men t of etern al joy . in x n n and n n h There are e iste ce a fragme tary set of proofs seve tee complete copies , althoug Th e n n o detailed description of on e of them ( Q) has been obtain able . book is a folio of eleve

n 6 x 2 6 . n n n on t he plates , measuri g 3 cm whe u cut , usually pri ted both sides of leaves , but ls Th e x ot n in . and 8 in on on e n . n five copies side o ly te t does vary , but certai details p i , ii

s d an d n t o n . were revi ed by Blake , as escribed above , e able us divide the Copies i to two issues The earlies t e x ample con sists of the fragmen t which seem s to be a collection of proof Th e n x s A— E all on e n an d th e n n . impressio s , is o ly copy u coloured e t five copie ( ) , but with n on of th e in n of wn the watermark J WHATMAN , are pri ted both sides leaf various to es bro , and n - s in ann th e of are simply pai ted with water colour , much the m er of early copies the — t th e Son s an d hel. s d n 1 . g T The e woul seem to have bee made about 7 93 94 Copy F , wi h 1 n s th e 1 n x his of watermark 7 94 J WHATMAN , belo g to year 7 95 whe Blake e ecuted series o — n n s an d s of s in h h col ur pri ted desig , this may well be the fir t his book w ich he tried t is type

27 Blake ' s Illuminated Books o f co o l u rin . H n s d an d t he ff h an . g ere the solid pigme t used are thick heavy , e ect ric but sombre h t e n n . n of a bou t un u h It is o ly copy so pri ted A other copy ( G ) the same period is sually brig t , in - . x n i but this Blake reverted to pure water colour Thereafter , the e amples , u t l sometime

1 8 1 n in n on e H h wat e rI n ark q TMA N an d of after 5 , are pri ted gree , ( ) wit the J the first

n n fi I— M all of th e n d a nd h issue , the remai i g ve ( ) , seco issue t ree wi th the watermark E P . n n - h These are agai simply pai ted with clear water colours . It s ould be n oted that the great

th e an d in n similarity of copies the lack of subtlety the colouri g implies the hand of Mrs Bl ake .

n h N- P 1 8 1 n in h Fi ally , t ree copies ( ) , wi th the watermark RUSE TURNERS 5 , pri ted brig t n n d of in brow to es , are much more elaborately coloure , with touches gold as most of the of copies other books produced at this time .

No a n the x n n d n d o m uscript of te t has survived , but origi al drawi gs for some of the esig s appear in t he Notebook ( Rossetti a nother in dication that the boo k w as made almost n n S on s o x erience and The Ga tes Pa adise I n th e Pros ctus co tempora eously with the g f E p of r . pe ‘ 1 d n n in n d P n n . of 7 93 it was advertise as Visio s of the Daughters of Albio , Illumi ate ri ti g d ’ ‘ ’ 8 d n s . 6 . I n 1 1 8 ff . 8 n 8 n . o . Folio , with esig s , price 7 it was o ered as Visio s pri ts folio £ 3 3 I s w . c a n 1 8 2 7 t he price was £ 5 5 . On ly t hree copies an be traced back to own ers ho m y have ’

n D I s rae li an d H . obtai ed t hem directly from Blake , Thomas Butts ( B) , Isaac ( F) , Crabb Robi n son

C O P I E S

d 1 1 an d n s . an . No a s ix n s ls . an s l 6 d A series of fragme t , p i , the de ig s from p iii , 4 , , 7 proors wa a k . s . an term r . P n in n n . Pl d in ri ted dark brow U coloured i ii the earlier state , - w x . No n an d n . n in s 2 2o in [Q] probably proofs Varyi g sizes , mat 5 5 cm mou ted bou d - b Z aehn sd orf . on n o . e . maro straight grai morocc , gilt , g , y s n s n n in - n th e l The e fragme t were co tai ed a scrap book , which had belo ged to Cheva ier was n n f or n ho family . It there stated that the pri ts were do e by Blake the childre of T mas h n 1 6 n an d is s d to n d C evalier , surgeo ( 7 7 who was a frie d of Blake ai have atte de ‘ ’ w a of n d-d h of . s so d him The book l as the Property a Lady , the great g ra aug ter

’ h Dobin son So 1 1 1 0 lot 1 2 C evalier , Mrs William , at theby s , December 9 ( 5 , Dobell , W' S ’ an d . . ss . So d n £ 3 . was acquired by E Mo l with his collectio at otheby s , R l n 2 a 1 lot 1 8 S on Now in th e s n . n d M rch 937 ( 7 , t ehill , Le si g J ose wal Col ectio ,

of n s n n . . Library Co gre s , Washi gto , D C

x hib. : 1 n o . . E Philadelphia , 939, 59

S d in d n wn . n d No w . n A 1 1 plates on 6 leaves . atermark Pri te gol e bro imply pai te wi th - Th e h c a nd n n n . n un d t e [C] clear water olours , blue purple to es predomi ati g fro tispiece bo at S P a i . n ls . nd 8 n end h n . , ot erwise arra ged as above i , ii the earlier state ize of orig i al

in h . e . : 0 x 2 1 n ow n 6 x 2 . n leaf 3 cm i laid to 3 55 cm Bou d alf morocco , g , together

h u o e . wit E r p , copy D P Ro h d n in 1 8 a nd n ow in n . Purc ase from Messrs Eva s 47 , the British Museum ri t om

P n d in wn P n on . . B 1 1 plates on 6 leaves . Watermark J WHATMAN two leaves ri te bro ai ted - S : d 8 in . h c . A n . a n wit water olours rra ged as above Plates i , ii the earlier state ize

9 8

’ Blake s Illuminated Books

’ ’ Blak e s Be ac on s fi l s Probably bought from by Isaac D I raeli. With e d pe ncil n otes on th e of th e 1 1 8 6 n ha th e n was verso last leaf, dated 5 October 5 , showi g t t fro tispiece at h S Be ac on s fi e n . ld c n n t at time missi g old with the library , still la ki g the fro tispiece , at ’ S h 20 1 88 2 8 an d h Ofi e red an d h ot eby s , March (lot 5 , Ellis W ite , by Ellis W ite

in 1 8 8 2 6 . h £ n . . Mac eor e of their catalogue , November , for 3 T e acquired by B B g g ,

. n n n k in an Glasgow The missi g fro tispiece tur ed up , with other Bla e orig als , from ’ n n an d H n 1 n 1 0 lot 2 26 H in s a o ymous source , was sold at odgso s , 4 Ja uary 9 4 ( , opk , n Mac eor e n n I t was t he secured by g g , who , si ce it had bee somewhat cut

n h ad n d n . uro S e . dow , it i lai to its origi al size (cf history of E p , copy A) old with the ’ Mac eor e S s 1 1 2 lot 1 1 uaritch f g g library at otheby , July 9 4 ( 3, Q , Of ered by uar tch 2 in N 1 2 and n d Q i for £ 5 5 ovember 9 4 agai n i Jun e 1 92 6 ( Cat . Acquire

’ nn who n - an d ff for in n by Paul Hyde Bo er , i serted his book plate , later o ered sale Dutto s

1 1 n o . 2 So d nn n catalogue of his library , 93 ( 4 , l with the Bo er collectio at ’ A an Art- n n 1 1 1 1 R n Now in meric A derso s , 5 February 934 ( lot , ose bach , the w o Ne . n f n d n . n possessio Mrs La o K Thor e , of York

Nat . . 1 1 n o . 1 n 1 1 o S n x hib. : ; n . 1 2 ; . . E Gal , 9 3, 9 Ma chester , 9 4 , 5 Nat Gall cotla d , h 1 1 11 0 . 1 n o . . 9 5 , Case A , 5 ; Philadelp ia , 939, 54

wn . 1 1 on 6 . 1 on on e . P n in plates leaves Watermark 7 94 J WHATMAN , leaf ri ted bro - d n d n an . d Vividly pai te with bright water colours , the ti ts rich dramatic Foliate by Blake

— x h P s . 1 1 1 . n n d . l Arra ged as above , e cept t at the fro tispiece is place after the title i , ii

S : 8 x . n hel an d 8 in s . 2 2 6 the earlier tate ize 9 3 cm Bou d , together with T , copy J , - in s n . e . old traight grai olive morocco , g h m v See el . t A in 1 2 H T , copy J Bequea hed by y Lowell 9 5 to the ar ard College

Library . h x ib : P d 1 n o . . E . hila elphia , 939, 57

P in d P n d in n . 1 1 on 6 . on on e . plates leaves Watermark J WHATMAN , leaf ri te gree a te w - th e n in n s n n and ith rather flat water colour washes , predomi at g ti t bei g purple , brow

h . Pls . a d in t e . n . n 8 blue , probably by Mrs Blake Arra ged as above i , ii earlier state

x u co d Son o Los S : 6 2 . n o e an ize 3 5 cm Bou d , together with E r p , py G , t he g f , copy C , in old half red morocco . d Pu t t ic k an d in n of H . . an Formerly the collectio A Mair , sold with his library , ’ S n 1 1 00 8 u aritch impso s , 9 November 9 ( lot 33 , Q , Acquired that year by o 8 . A . . n n n . on 2 1 0 Marsde J Perry , who sold it March 9 to W White Give by him

2 2 1 1 n of . February 9 7 to his daughter , Mrs William Emerso , Cambridge , Mass

hi n o . 1 . x b. : 1 0 E Grolier Club , 9 5 , 5

P n in n . 1 1 on 6 . a on . n plates leaves Watermark E P , three leaves Pri ted gree ai ted - d . d n n n s an d . n with light water colour washes , pre omi ati g ti t purple blue Arra ge as above e h x . h a n . . d t e . S : 2 n in Pls . an 8 in i , ii later state ize 34 5 cm Bou d lf gree morocco , g

’ ’ Sir Tite s S h 1 1 8 lot 2 This may be William Copy , sold at ot eby s , 9 May 7 4 ( 93, - P n in n . earso , Afterwards the collectio of Thomas Gaisford , with his book plate ’ d w as S S 2 A 1 8 0 1 88 2 6 . an old with his library at otheby s , 3 pril 9 ( lot , Ellis , £

30 V isions of the Daughters of Albion

. in o i ce n . n f n e acquired by William A White Now the possessio his , Mrs Adria S o V an n n f n . i dere , Brookly

hi . b : 1 o . 1 6 h 1 o x 0 n n . . E Grolier Club , 9 5 , ; Philadelp ia , 939, 55

1 1 on 6 . at on . n in n . n t plates leaves Watermark E P , two leaves Pri ted gree Pai s -c h and n n n with light , imple water olour washes , s ades of blue , yellow pi k predomi ati g , ' h PIS . a d t e n . . an . n 8 in possibly by Mrs Blake Arr ged as above i , ii seco d state

S x . : n d in n Ri i . 8 26 n . ize 3 5 cm , u cut Bou blue leva t morocco , by v ere

’ to n s S th 1 n 1 0 1 Probably be ide tified with a copy old at o eby s , Ju e 9 5 (lot 7 7 , 6 i n of . n . 1 0 n n n . Leighto , which had bee the collectio F P Osmasto From 9 to March 1 920 in the possess ion of Dr Greville MacDon ald who added his book-plate and

t o an . A . S t r . and by whom it was sold Fr cis Edwards cquired by George C mi h , J , sold h n P - m 2 No 1 8 2 0 R n h wit his collectio at arke Be et , vember 93 (lot , ose bac ,

ow R n of n n . . N in n . n n the Lessi g J ose wald Collectio , Library Co gress , Washi gto , D C h x ib. : 1 a . l n 1 1 n o . 1 N t . Sc n 1 1 n o . E Ma chester , 9 4 , 5 ; Ga l otla d , 9 4 , Case A , 7 ;

1 n o . 6 . Philadelphia , 939, 5

h 1 1 on 6 s . 81 on s . P n in n . plates leave Watermark E P , two leave ri ted gree Lig tly - k n h s b . an . pai ted wit pale water colour wa hes , possibly y Mrs Bla e Arr ged as above

Pls . x S : 8 . n and un in and 8 in s n s . 2 i , ii the eco d tate ize 37 7 cm I terleaved bo d half

n n . gree morocco , u cut , by De Coverly H u 1 8 8 on th e in n of . n Formerly the collectio J Frederick all , whose sig at re dated 7 is ’ — h 1 8 fl . S of n H S 0 n 2 2 6 y leaf old with the library Ar old all at ot eby s , 3 Ju e 9 7 (lot ,

m e h a a n an Ri ll . d n s an d , £ 7 It bee catalogued a facsimile , was recog ized as n n th e f Rim ell h hel s . o origi al o ly by purcha er Of ered for sale by t get er with T , copy M , d Ameri a n 1 1 an c w n . o n i in 1 2 1 600 . , copy L , 9 7 for £ Acquired by O e D Y u g , who 94

n h . . H n . an d . n gave it joi tly wit Dr A A Berg to the e ry W Albert A Berg Collectio , of the New York Public Library .

- 1 1 on 6 . . P in in n . n c plates leaves No watermark r ted gree Pai ted with water olours ,

d . S an n n n . n purple gree predomi ati g , possibly by Mrs Blake Arra ged as above ize

6 x 2 . 3 5 cm B oun d in half maroon morocco .

’ 1 n n wn ; s H s n 1 1 0 , Early history u k o pos ibly the copy sold at odg o s , 4 April 9 4 (lot 5 4 ’ u aritch S h 1 1 2 2 2 P. S s 2 8 Q , formerly copy old at ot eby , July 9 9 ( lot , Maggs , h s k A n C 01 . H n . H an d i Acquired by e ry D ughes , sold with boo s at merica Art n 1 6 1 2 1 1 h n Associatio , April 9 3 (lot 7 , James Williams , T e bought by George - . 1 8 2 1 S r . an d h n m 2 C mith , J , sold wit his collectio at Parke Be et , November 93 (lot ,

r n r . Ga mo , Not t aced

1 1 S n s on 6 . n in n . plate leaves No watermark . Pri ted gree imply pai ted with water d PIS . an 8 in w n as . colour ashes , possibly by Mrs Blake . Arra ged above i , ii the - - d . S : x n 2 2 6 . n in o seco state ize 37 7 cm Bou d olive m rocco , elaborately gilt ,

1 0 . by Cockerell , 9 4

S d t o n in in n . in th e ai have bee orig ally the Butts collectio , but see copy B Formerly n R n n n s H h n and s son th e collectio of ichard Mo ckto Mil e , Lord oug to , old by his ,

3 1 Blake ’ s Illuminated Books

’ S 0 1 0 d Earl of Crewe , otheby s , 3 March 9 3 (lot 4 , Edwards , Acq uire by ’ Sir n n h n an d h his S t 1 1 6 0 Alger o Met ue , sold wit library , o heby s , 9 February 93 ( lot 5 3, u aritch in n o f Ph of H on Q , Now the collectio ilip Hofer , arvard , deposit in t he H in n n n an d h t arvard College Library , the Departme t of Pri ti g Grap ic Ar s . h o ib. : . . . 1 1 n . 2 h x 1 o 8 . ; n . E Nat Gall Brit Art , 9 3, 9 Philadelp ia , 939, 5

1 o 1 a S 8 1 o w 1 n 1 . 1 n t o i . n n N plates leaves Watermark RUSE TURNER 5 , leaves Pri ted h - n . n n an d [L] brow ish red Pai ted wit water colours , some opaque pigme t , gold . Foliated by - - — S : 8 x 2 A n . 2 2 . n in 1 1 1 . R Blake rra ged as above ize 5 5 cm Bou d red morocco , by iviere . -S h ’ th e A . . S 2 n 1 8 8 1 6 From library of G Dew mith , sold at ot eby s , 9 Ja uary 7 ( lot 9 , ’ ua ritch n in -La m s on s his - Q , The Frederick Locker p library , t hough book plate s S w h Rowfa nt h a n . t e t he bee removed old ith Library . Later in possession of Mrs H n n and n ow h arry Pay e Whit ey , of New York , presumably the property of her eirs .

O - 1 1 on 1 1 . S 81 1 8 1 . n i n plates leaves Watermark RU E TURNERS 5 Pri ted n golde brown . n t - n fi n e and n [ M] Pai with water colours ; colouri g very more elaborate tha usual , gold — h bei n g used on the fron tispiece . Foliated by Blake 1 1 1 wi t i n a si ngle li n e ruled roun d

d . x . A n S : 8 2 n . each plate . rra ge as above ize 2 2 cm Bou d in calf On the fly—leaf at the b egiIm in g is pasted a piece cut from the origi n al grey wrapper

R n n i. e . R n n h a beari ng th e sign ature H . C . obi so ( Crabb obi so ) wit a n ote dded in ‘ a di ff eren t han d : bought by him from Blake for he thi n ks I gui n ea 8c presen ted by h im d n nn n th e - of n in to Edwi n W . Fiel 2 Ju e At the begi i g is book plate Edwi Wilk s ’

H n A ho is ms n n th e e n d . Field , ampstead ; the fro tispiece to Lavater s p r has bee i serted at ’ n d th e Red h 2 6 1 1 6 2 0 Prese ted by the Misses Fiel to Cross sale at C ristie s , April 9 (lot 99, w o h . h n d A . . t n n e r Carthew , The acquire by Miss G E Car hew , of Lo do , added - d in 1 0 th e P n R . book plate . Bequeathe 94 by her to ri t oom of t he British Museum

- 81 1 1 . n in n . P 1 1 plates on 1 1 leaves . Watermark RUSE TURNERS 8 5 Pri ted red brow Very - n n n [N] fi n ely an d carefully pai n ted with water colours . Each plate withi a si gle frami g — S : x 2 . n in o n n 1 1 1 . n . 2 8 li e . Numbered by Blake Arra ged as above ize 3 cm Bou d mar o — n . e . straight grai morocco , g un in h hel N a nd The Mar ia e H eaven and Formerly bo d calf together wit T , copy , r g of ’ H ell h S h 1 1 8 0 0 1 R n , copy G ; t is volume was sold at ot eby s , 7 February 9 ( lot 3 , obso ,

h n and isions o the au hte s o Albion w as th e It was t e divided up , V f D g r f sold to late h h ’ x n 60 . t e Ale a der Mackay for £ After decease of his widow it was resold at C ristie s ,

2 6 1 2 1 R h x in n . H . R and April 9 (lot 5 , ic es , Ne t the collectio of T iches , later

R to th e . bequeathed by Mrs iches Fitzwilliam Museum , Cambridge o x hib. : 1 2 n . . E 9 7 , 7 9

S n . S n . 1 1 on 1 1 . . n Q plates leaves Coloured ize give as folio , u cut ew ’

O S h on 2 2 1 8 80 £ 20 . 5 [ ] A copy sold at ot eby s February 97 ( lot 7 , Gerrard , 5 ’

H . t in S n h n Fe d e rm an n s . [A copy s ated to be the taatsbibliothek , Mu ic (see Ar old j

6 on . l r . x n in 1 Fus sli ichter und Ma e 1 20 . D , 9 , p is a facsimile E ami ed 94 my behalf ]

FA O S I M I L E O S : I n Wo ks b lV il/ia m Blake 1 8 6 1 88 R E P R O D U C T I N r y , 7 ; William Muir , 4 ,

A E Y n 1 2 . coloured (copy ) ; , iii ; De t , 9 7 , coloured (copy A)

3 9. T H E I M A RR I A G E of | H E A V E N and H E LL [i n cl udi n g] A Son g of Liberty [abou t 1 7 90— 1 7 93]

D E S C R I PT I O N l h ar a e o a an d H s r T e M i H e ven ell l . A Son o t ls 1 . 2 Libe . 2 Title , p , r g f , 3 p , g f y, 3 p 7 plates ,

1 6 x 1 1 . n . cm , relief etchi g , usually coloured C O N T E N T S - h arr a e o h 1 . T e M i . A n n Title page , g , etc bove , the outer shell of eart , figures are see H d H . n an amid leafless trees Below , the marriage of eave ell is symbolized as , from flames on on e n o s n s on the left , ude figure fl at to embrace a other tretched clouds to t he right , while small figures rise in th e cen tre .

h A m t i t a shak h h n d a h T e u en . n : R n r h roars 65 es is es in t e burde ir . t e 2 . rg Begi s fi r From bran ches of a tree e x ten di n g up the right-han d margin of the plate a youth hands down a bun ch of grapes to a girl stan ding below ; two figures lie on the groun d to the left . ( Cf. ‘ ’ ccho S on o n o The E in g Green in gs f I n cence . ) As a n w heaven is e u n . n : A e b n . o n d o n s 3 Begi s g b ve , a ake w ma float amo g flames with ; E n ith arm on t o on th e h arms outstretched below , gives birth Orc as two figures rig t flee h ur Zo . T e Fo as . . b. towards clouds ( Cf , p 9 )

Th o the Dev l. : d o th e . A e voice i n ll Bibles or sacred co es . n 4 f Begi s Below , left the Good An s on An on e gel strides across the sea to cla p a child ; the right the Evil gel , fettered by k a d n n s of s s n n s un . n a le , reache out flame toward them ; behi d is a risi g Above betwee the

‘ ’ n li n es are m an y s mall figures . (This subject of The Good an d Evil A gels Blake repeated ‘ ’ in - n n s s as Th e of Los n a large colour pri ted drawi g . Figgi describes thi Jealousy stati g Lo E n ith arm o a d n an d s s n n n . H that the fi gure are , the i fa t Orc owever , Ellis Yeats suggest h n h t at it is Los deliveri g up a c ild to Orc . ) h who estrain des r Ore- wn h . : ose i n e . n 5 Begi s T r Above , a aked youth ( Lucifer) falls do ead h n o an d . foremost i to flames wit cloak , sw rd , horse chariot wheel

Me si- ah : A Memo a ble Fanc 6 . . s ell 65 or d a hea n me ven . I n [ ] f , f the ce tre r y, n : As was walkin a m n n in th e n beginn i g I g o g thefi res of hell . Flames rise u der the title ce tre ; on h some small figures are seen in them . Elsewhere the plate are slig t amorphous decoration s . - d n N th e : P ove bs . r t n cor o i r h t h n sen ence . 7 . Begi s [ ] g fi es e wro e t e f ollowi g ear top r r of H ell nn n : I n seed time lea n on t s of and . n , begi i g r Ti y figures appear bo h side the title , lower on the plate .

Law . . e s o h t nes o 8 P ov b H ell. n : Prison are uilt wit s o r r f Begi s s b f Grapes , leaves , birds ,

n n h an d s s in th e n . a serpe t , a lio , a deer , a sea with S ips , mall figure are scattered margi s

. r v o S P o erbs H ell n s : The ox rovides o h mse . 9 f . Begi f p f r i lf everal small figures are at the top and bottom .

3 3 Blake ’ s Illuminated Books

’ 0 o b o e l h head S ub P ve s H l . n T e lime n 1 . : S n n r r f Begi s . Below , ata with bat s wi gs k eels in t he n h o f n un n n ce tre at the s ore a sea with a lo g scroll rolled across his k ees , dictati g his

P to t wo n n n nc on x n on who on t roverbs wome ( I oce e the right , E perie ce the left) , sit ei her

I n o un . n side . some copies there is n sea in the foregro d Above at the en d of short li es are h slig t figures .

he a n o ts a nima ted all sen sible ob e t 1 1 . n : T cien t P e c s . n t Begi s j Above , the matro Ear h lies on an islet and embraces the child Orc ; Poetic Gen ius ( Los ) with flami n g hair an d arms I n t he n h upraised is risi n g out of the waves . some copies sce e appears set in the mout of

h e h O Urize n n h t rc . S n a cave . Below , c ild flees before risi g t rough a cloud light decoratio

x appears in the te t .

o h t aiah a d k A m o able Fa nc . n : The P e s s n ze iel dined w th Me i me . S 1 2 . r y Begi s r p I E mall

figures appear in the te x t .

n : would at las t be oved to o i ina te in ours S h d n 1 3 . Begi s . pr r g . light amorp ous ecoratio with a few figures .

h a n en t t a dition tha t the wo d will onsu d n r 1 . n : T e ci l be c me i e . 4 Begi s r r fi Above , a female S n d n n x . Eman atio hovers in flames over a n ude male corpse . light ecoratio s i te t em Fanc was in a n tin h l P i ous e n H e l. an A M o able . n : i 1 . 5 r y Begi s I r g Below , eagle

s d c0 ies . rises above clouds with a sn ake in its tal on s . The cloud o n ot appear in some p

Slight decoration s in te x t . h h d h s w n : T e ian ts w o o me t i o ld . an s S n 1 6 . Begi s G f r r Above five gi t ( the Five e ses) crouch

h h S n s in x . in a uddled group wit their kn ees d rawn up to their chi n s . light decoratio te t

o a t o a ad 1 f The G es P ise . ( Cf. pl . 2 f r ) l h m k t d t t r le . o n i s e n . t reco c e t e see s o es o ex i enc . to : A .Memo ab 1 7 . Begi s r y Near the p a n n A n a an d a d S n h wo F c nn : n A el c me to me s i . tr t y, begi i g g light decoratio s , of whic a ee , an d n horses , birds are the most disti ct .

k wa us n d un n . o a n a he s s e de in a u . No d n . 1 8 . oot o s Begi s r f , p f g esig

h a ll t u o s ua l . t as wit he a i it ex is ence . S n in x . 1 9 Begi n s . f ry f p r light decoratio s the te t

m m n k s a ? a ha h 2 0 . n . n u be o o e b boons 69 ll o t t s ecies . n n Begi s r f y , , f p Below , a serpe t Leviat a

in in Sea an d S n n : osition is swims huge coils the of Time pace , be eath which is i scribed Opp t ue F ien dshi n t o th e r r p (obscured in some copies by th e pigme t) . Above him t he right is n ti y figure of Blake in the root of an oak . t hav a lwa s oun d tha t An els have the vani . n d 2 1 . n s : e Begi I y f g y Above , a ake youth — k I n resurrected m an sits on the groun d an d gazes upwards ; his left k n ee rests on a s ull . some copies a pyramid s tand s behi n d th e youth ; in copy D two have been pai n ted in . ( Cf.

’ Am a ic . n n x . er 6 an d n s t o ave . S i , pl , illustratio Blair s Gr , pl light decoratio s te t

k : A .M mo able Fa 2 . h tha t e ro e a net . e nc 2 n . one on eart ev b Begi s r Near the bottom r y , nn n n S n in x : ce saw a Devil in a a me re . begi i g O I fl qf fi light decoratio s te t , the clearest of n which ear the title shows a bowman shooti ng an other figure . t n . m a 2 S in x . n rea test men best those who env or calu n i e . 3 Begi s g , y light decoratio s te t - m 2 . im u n an n . m lse not o rules . o 4 Begi s [ ] p , f r Bel w , Nebuchad ezzar , a bearded with ’ wn o is n : One La w or the ion {s Ox n n and n . a cro , crawls ha ds k ees At the bottom i scribed f L is re w - n n an d tw o ssion . as in Opp (This subject used by Blake a large colour pri ted drawi g ,

d Sli h t d ecorat ion s in x . on . an sketches for it appear in the Notebook ( Rossetti MS . ) pp 44 g te t

3 4 The Marriage of H eaven and H ell

A S on o ibe t — he t a a a d ! n 2 . L 1 1 0 nn n : T e n l Fem le ro n S 5 g f r y, , begi i g E r g light decoratio x in te t . — ’ d h n w rn w d r S h n in x . 2 6 . 1 0 1 8 n n n . hurl t e e bo on e Ditto , [ ] , begi i g . lig t decoratio te t

— m m a n ds n 8 0 nn n rom ul a tes his ten co . 2 . 1 2 7 Ditto , [ ] , begi i g p g Near t he ce tre , Chorus nn n Let the st the a da w n in x n n : P ie s R ven n . S , begi i g r of of light decoratio te t , i cludi g s everal horses .

NO T E n x of h k n an d th e It is appare t that the te t t is wor was writte over a period of years , plates ,

h n x f n has n n S n t he too , may ave bee e ecuted at dif ere t times . AS bee poi ted out by ampso , ’ n n As n e w h n n and n ow - h n n ope i g passage , a eave is begu , it is thirty t ree years Si ce its adve t , ‘ ’ the n e w the n n the S S n 1 may refer to era of dispe satio of pirit predicted by wede borg for 7 57 ,

’ 1 0 which sig n ifican tly was also the year of Blake s birth . The date 7 9 was added by Blake on h in and the h n n h the t ird plate copy F, it is possible that book may ave bee begu t at

O n an th e n n x h th e year . ther evide ces of early date are use of roma letteri g , mi ed wit italics

h n n in rO he t ic and th e x h w ich were co siste tly used the later p p books , the lucidity of te t w ich

’ is relatively u n obscured by Blake s mythological symbolism . th - n 1 However , al ough the title page is u dated , 7 93 would seem a more probable date for h t h k h n h h n . I n t e e its completio Notebook , page 44 , s etch for Nebuc ad ezzar , w ic appears The n th a u ht s o Al n h isio s e D er bion . n n on . 2 pl 4 , follows t ose for V of g f Eve more sig ifica tly , ’ the n x n - x n han The isions to e of the te t reflects eve more of Blake s post E perie ce mood t V ,

h is 1 and The Son o iber t A merica . w ich dated 7 93, g f L y foreshadows , dated the same year ’ o o s n S n H eaven an d H ell n n The wh le work , obvi u ly i spired by wede borg s , is o etheless ’ emorable Fan emorable a rejection of his d octri n es . In his M cy Blake mocks Sweden borg s M

Rela tions . an . x n Yet , here is far more th a polemic or a satire It is , with the e ceptio of the

’ t wo n s x n h h n his h . early laco ic tractate , Blake s first attempt to e plai the philosop y be i d myt s H e an d and S an n an d R h an d n believed that Good Evil , God at , Heave Hell , ig t Wro g , were H n an d fi u reh ead s m an an d n m an . mere verbal g , all part of the creatio of Good , God , eave R s n n an d n ight were the masks of rea o , the limiti g forces of materialism , law codified religio , s n n s s n h S n H an d n y o ymou with re trai t ; Opposed to t em were Evil , ata , ell Wro g , the Th e x n n n n n n n n . e pressio s of free , u bou ded e ergy , imagi ative ge ius , poetic i spiratio greatest ‘ ’ ’ of n n s and n n h h n in spirits the world , i cludi g Jesu Milto , were i spired by ellis ge ius Blake s h n ot n an d s n of . x n e se t he word Parado ically t is was demo olatry , but idealism religio of

s o . n ot n n on nn n ot n the highe t rder Faith , reaso would bri g the mille ium ; freedom , restrai t , m 3 n n o o n an n . f and f would permit the floweri g of creative ge ius The ble di g flesh spirit , n an d n on to od n s an — s was Marria e reaso imagi ati , pr uce a sy thesi greater th its parts thi the g of H eaven and H ell. Nin e complete copies an d three fragmen ts Of th e book have been located an d are described Th e below ; th e e x isten ce of a ten th is recorded on ly from secon dary i n formation . volume - - x e t o 8 x varies in Size from octavo ( 1 8 5 9 5 m . ) up folio (about 3 2 7 A complete o n n A Son o Libe t n s s s of n - n h in c py , i cludi g g f r y, co i t twe ty seve plates , whic are pr ted some h e n s on the on on e n . on e t time both Sides of leaf, sometimes side o ly Copy B , of earlier o es ,

‘ ’ Th e has the en gravi ng kn own as The Three Accusers added as a fron tispiece . las t thr ee

3 5 ' Blake s Illuminated Books

x A Son o ibe t n in o x n t plates , with the te t of g f L r y, appare tly pr of or e perime al states , occur d S ‘ a n n 1 1 . x x x n e a n separately, although ampso ( 9 3, p ) co sidered this to be c rt i ly a separate ’ a nd n in and Ame ica n o d nc t later Prophecy , earer style symbolism to r there is evi e e hat the was b s d t h e d t . 88 book ever issue y Blake without hese plates Gilchrist ( i , ) de cribe book as n n n n - was n an co sisti g of o ly twe ty four plates , but this evide tly error , for the two copies h A S n o ber t which e afterwards men tion ed both con tai n o g f Li y . h o x n n . f x an d E cept for copy B , all t ose k ow are coloured Two the earliest e amples ( A C) , t q T MA N and n d -c s an d n d wi h watermarks J E P , are simply pai te with water olour pri te in h o n n in k in nn n various s ades of br w or gree , much the ma er of early copies of the precedi g ’ d in 1 — D I s raeli is h books . Copy D , probably coloure 7 94 95 specially for Isaac , somew at

in n s n d . os in n x an d richer to e , with ome opaque pig me t use Th e the e t group , copies E F, n r o in n - n n an d watermarked E P , are illumi ated with a ich c mb atio of colour pri ti g water in n an d n n 1 n n colours , tech ique style falli g i to the period about 7 95 whe Blake was creati g

- n n . n n 1 8 1 1 8 2 his great colour pri ted drawi gs The three latest o es , dati g from 5 to 5 , are n in and n d w - o n in an d n n n r . pri ted red pai te with ater c lours o ly , but a icher more Sple did ma er S in s H an d an d in h hn nn ome gold was used copie I, t he former , whic was bought by Jo Li ell in 1 8 2 1 x d n x n n , a book of e traor i ary beauty, the te t has bee illumi ated with various bright S of n n n ff n s . i n colour ome the overpai ted desig s vary slightly di ere t copies , as oted above , d n ot x x n o of A S on ibe t o x e r . n but the te t oes , cept for the e pe ime tal pro fs g of L r y There is

MS . an x o n ls an d b f d s . 2 d authority for y of the te t , but two the esig ( p 4 4) were also use y ’ in n n wn d and An and dn Blake his larger colour pri ts k o as The Goo Evil gels Nebucha ezzar , x of o h n ow in n n for e amples b th of w ich are the Tate Gallery , Lo do ; a sketch the latter h is foun d in t e Notebook . On fl - an - A n s for n a y leaf of the Cumberl d Beckford copy ( ) are pe cilled title the desig s , n n n d an or on n d m a which may have bee i ve te by Cumberl d Beckford , but the other ha y have ls n n d o . : . 1 n n bee obtai e by the former fr m Blake himself The titles are as follows p , The U io of n ; 2 ; ; ; ; 1 1 Th e wn ; 1 of the Eleme ts , Earth 3, Fire 4 , Water 5 , Air , Da 4 , The Body H ; 1 n s ; 1 6 n ; 20 A ; 2 1 S n s n Sun ; 2 ector 5 , Ge iu , Ugoli o , Dream , ata addre si g the 4 , The w Arbitr ary Po er .

‘ I n the Prospectus of 1 7 93 Blake advertised this book as The Marriage of H eaven an d ’

6d . H e h a n d P n d n s . H in n n . 1 d ell , Illumi ate ri ti g Quarto , with 4 esig s , price 7 evide tly - n o . reckon ed amon g these fourteen des ign s the title page an d both the desig s n pl 4 . A copy ’ an d and D I s raeli ( A) was sold to George Cumberl about that time , bought his ( D) a year or

- on e of n . two later . Thomas Butts acquired ( F) those which Blake colour pri ted The book ’ w as n ot n in of 1 8 1 8 an d 1 8 2 n i cluded the lists 7 , but Blake s receipt for two gui eas for A n H s d nn on 0 1 8 2 1 in . copy , ol to Li ell 3 pril , is the Yale U iversity Library C O P I E S w P n d in n n . 2 s on 1 s . 81 on on e . A 7 plate 5 leave Watermark E P , leaf ri te golde bro Very w - h n o o a nd n t e d n an n . lightly pai ted with clear ater c l urs , blue purple bei g pre omi t to es

d as . S 0 can n . an The legen d below the design in pl . 2 just be see Arr ge above ize 6 x d hel an d Urizen 2 1 8 . o n in old 5 5 cm Formerly b u half calf with T , copy A , , copy F ; w n o u n boun d an d matted in half brown morocco case .

3 6

’ Blake s Illuminated Books

— — 8 un d . PI . 1 A n n : d in n . r 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 2 1 is coloure Foliate pe cil r a geme t 3, 5 , 4 , , 4 , , 3,

- 6 2 1 . S : 6 x . n h alf 1 2 2 0 in n n . 7 , 5 ize 9 cm Bou d maroo roa ’ P 60 ua tch s R o ri n . 1 . urchased for £ from Q ough List , 57 , by W . A White , with his

n d 0 A 1 8 6 . h in 1 2 sig ature ated 3 pril 9 Acquired after his deat 9 7 by his daughter, n M rs William Emerso , of Cambridge , Mass .

h o . 1 x ib. : 1 0 n 1 1 n o . E Grolier Club , 9 5 , ; Philadelphia , 939, 35 .

2 on 2 . 1: 8c on n . n d in an d 7 plates 7 leaves Watermark P , seve leaves Pri te grey olive - d n — n n an d an d n . green . Desig s colour pri ted carefully fi ishe heighte ed with water c olours

On . n . th e n h as No foliation . Arra ged as above pl 3 below upper desig Blake added n k S : 6 x 1 w . d in o n 1 0 in i 2 . o n o occo the date 7 9 blue ize 3 9 5 cm B u ra ge m r , ith the o s Miln es crest n the side .

’ n in s n s and n S Origi ally the posses io of Thoma Butts , sold with his collectio at otheby s , I 2 6 1 8 2 2 R . n n ln s . n os n of R d March 5 ( lot 5 , Mo ckto Mi e , £ 5 the p sessio ichar n n n H n an d b s on of Mo ckto Mil es , Lord oughto , sold y his , the Earl Crewe , at ’ S 0 1 0 1 2 n On n fl - otheby s , 3 March 9 3 ( lot , Osmasto , the fro t y leaf is the ’ n of ff d S lot . . n 1 n 1 0 sig ature F P Osmasto , who O ere it at otheby s , Ju e 9 5 ( but ’ P s h R n 1 0 . n d t e ed s appare tly withdrew it at £ 5 re e te by him to Cro s sale at Christie s ,

1 1 1 8 S n s an d n n in n of . 5 April 9 7 (lot 9 7 , teve Brow , The the collectio A Edward N n - an d P - m 1 6 1 1 lot ewto , with his book plate , sold with his library at arke Be et , April 94 ( w w R n No in oe s n n . of 1 n n Ne . 35 , ose bach , the possessio La do K Thor e , York

x hib. : P d 1 n o . 6 E hila elphia , 939, 3 .

on E 81 1 o s . 2 2 . 1 8 n n P n in 7 plates 7 leaves Watermark RUS TURNERS 5 , eve leaves ri ted - n - k red brown . Superbly pai ted with bright water colours ; outli n es strengthen ed in in ; — N in red 1 2 . n n each plate with a si ngle frami ng li n e . umbered by Blake 7 Arra geme t — — . a S d o of 2 0 c n . 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 6 2 . n , 5 , 4 , , 3, 7 The lege at the b ttom pl be read ize - - x hel o N an d isions the 2 8 2 2 . n in o 3 3 cm Formerly bou d calf, t gether with T , c py , V of

- au hters Albion P n ow in n o o . e . D g of , copy ; blue straight grai m r cco , g ’ o on n n oo was so d So 1 1 8 0 lot The v lume c tai i g the three b ks l at theby s , 7 February 9 ( 0 1 R n n d and The Marria e o H eaven an d H ell s d 3 , obso , It was the divide up , g f was ol ’

x a n 6 . to Ale der Mackay for £ 3 After the death of his widow it was resold at Christie s ,

‘ ’ 2 6 A ril 1 2 1 Shoe b rid e in 1 2 2 s p 9 ( lot 3, g , Acquired 9 from Gabriel Well by

Am and d b in 1 2 to H r r . y Lowell , bequeathe y her 9 5 the a va d College Library

x hib. : P 1 n o . E hiladelphia , 939, . 39

d R n d No . P n d in re . 2 7 plates on 1 5 leaves . watermark ri te ichly pai te with water

n r of x n s n s . colours , heighte ed with gold ; pa ts the te t illumi ated with variou bright ti t — - - S : x 1 . un d in n as o . 20 Pagi n ated by Blake in red 1 2 7 . Arra ged ab ve ize 5 3 5 cm Bo

vellum , gilt . Accordi ng to the receipt at Yale Un iversity thi s copy w as bought from Blake by John ' w S nn n nn on 0 A 1 8 2 1 t o n . Li ell 3 pril for gui eas old with t he Li ell collectio at Christie s ,

f H . 1 1 1 8 1 r x n in s s on o . R 5 March 9 ( lot 95 , Ca fa , The the posse i T iches , whose

3 8 The Marriage of H eaven and H ell

d w nd-d of n nn in th e wi o , a gra aughter Joh Li ell , afterwards deposited it Fitzwilliam h t e in 1 0 . Museum , Cambridge . It was bequeathed to Museum at her death 95

6 o . . Nat . . 1 1 no . 0 n 1 1 n o . 1 1 n x hib. : 2 E Gall , 9 3, 9 ; Ma chester , 9 4 , 4 ; 9 7 , 7 4

k - R 1 82 . n in . 2 7 plates on 2 7 leaves . Watermark J WHATMAN 5 Pri ted bric red ichly - w n n o n d . n pai ted with water c lours , heighte e ith gold Each plate surrou ded by a si gle — S : 0 x . o in 1 . A n o . 2 pai n ted li n e . F liated by Blake red 2 7 rra ged as ab ve ize 3 3 cm n Leaves mou n ted on guard s in half leather bi n di g . R Ke rrich s on in n of Rev . Formerly the possessio the ichard Edward , the of Thomas Kerrich n n h th e s n of 1 1 8 6 , U iversity Libraria , wit ig ature the former , dated 3 August 5 , - o th e fl K rrich in 1 8 to . n . e 2 y leaf Bequeathed by 7 the Fitzwilliam Museum , Cambridge

w . No . n . n A n on 2 . P in K fragme t , 4 plates leaves atermark ri ted black U coloured — - ls x . n in n 2 1 n . . S : 1 Co si sts of p . 24 ; the desig is omitted from pl 24 ize 24 4 5 cm Bou d R morocco , by iviere . These leaves were foun d loose in copy Z of Songs of I n nocence a nd of Experience by

S . i 1 1 . x d n an d ir . n n 2 C Fairfa Murray , bequeathe to him by F Burto Give 9 to the

Fitzwilliam Museum , Cambridge .

A n on d o . 0 BA LL. n in . L fragme t , three plates a uble leaf Watermark Pri ted black — f ls . . a a wn n . n o 2 2 2 is in n s a n n n U coloured Co sists p 5 7 ; pl 5 earlier tate th y other k o , ‘ ’ 6 n : And w an d b ow n s s r with paragraph readi g eep thy revere d lock , the la t five wo ds - n . S : 2 1 x 1 . n . n o n . bei g afterwards erased ize 7 7 5 cm , u trimmed U b u d ’ th e n nn n so 1 1 1 8 1 From Joh Li ell collectio , ld at Christie s , 5 March 9 (lot 97 , a R a w f Tre sk is 1 1 . d n in n d n o in os n o g , £ Acquire by Fra k der , the p sessio Mrs

Rin der .

S ‘ 8 ° ’ ‘ - ’ on and 8 n s end . M imilar to L , but described as paper , without the li e Choru at the ’ n nn o n s s 1 1 1 8 1 8 From the Joh Li ell c llectio , old at Chri tie s , 5 March 9 (lot 9 ,

Tre ask is . 1 ot . 8 8s . N d g , £ trace

N s on s . . 2 7 plate 2 7 leave Coloured Uncut . ’ ’ G a f is ord s s S s 2 A 1 8 0 lot 1 uaritch 2 . 1 Thomas copy, old at otheby , 3 pril 9 ( 93, Q , £ ‘ ’ d 2 n d x n k n escribed as 7 umbere leaves with e quisite desig s , coloured by Bla e , u cut s R i th e n C rawf urd A . . . n Thi may be the copy which G B ussell said was possessio of Mrs ,

o of C rawf urd wh o n a o . Not . wid w Oswald , had acquired it ma y years g traced

I : C t a s 8 an d 20 S n n ri ical ss 1 868 l . 1 F A C S M I L E R E P R O D U CT I O N S wi bur e , E y, , p , , , coloured n H o n 1 868 o 1 88 o E Y Camde tte , , c loured ; William Muir , 5 , c loured (copy A) ; , iii ;

s Bi li a h n b o r 1 2 1 ls . 8 an d 20 d H ; n 1 2 Key e , g p y, 9 , p , coloure (Copy ) De t , 9 7 , coloured

n n Max P o n . (copy I) , with i troductio by l wma

3 9 ' A M E R I C A a P R O P H E C Y LA M B E T H P rin t ed by W illiam Blake in th e ye ar 1 7 93

D E S C R I PT I O N = Prelud ium ls . A he 1 n 2 ls . l 2 P o c ls . 1 8 o Fro tispiece , title , p , , p , r p y , 4 p p ates , ab ut

- x . in c 2 1 n d . 4 7 cm , relief etch g , sometimes pai te wi th water olours

C O N T E N T S ’ 1 n i On . n An n d n s kin r in [ ] Fro t spiece the left , Albio s gel , a wi ge gia t , Sit bloc g a b each w all his h n d an d his n his n . On s a massive , wrists c ai e head buried betwee k ees the right sit a daugh ter of Beulah shelterin g h e r t wo in fan t Joys ; in the foregro un d are a can n on and

n . n n Urizen in n s c r t a broke sword ( Damo suggests that the gia t figure is , but B yo seem o rec ’ in n n as n ide tifyi g i t Albio s An gel . ) - Ame i a . c In n an old m d n n bac . an an [ ii] Title page r , etc the ce tre a woma sit readi g k n n o n n n to back , with i fa t Joys ar u d them ; below , a female Ema atio strives to revive a dead m an with kisses .

d u Prelu i m . x 1 . d in o 2 8 . an (This word is pr ted fr m a small separate plate , 5 5 cm , is

’ n ot n e h w da h r thona fou d in th earlier or posthumous copies . ) Begin s : T e sha do y ug ter of L d b ore r d r - s too e e O c . A n bo d w s an d n f bove , Orc , a aked y, is fettered sprea eagle by rist a kles R n th e of Lo s an d E n ith arm on n o in to the ock of Jealousy be eath Tree Mystery , as sta d lo k g 1 down at him in attitudes of horror ; the roots of the tree e x ten d down th e left-han d margi n f an d h o n an d in . the plate , below are a crouc i g figure a coil g worm

in : Silen t as des ai n a 2 . i love n d st n a O o as e lous . rc o Beg s p r g , r g j y Below , emerges fr m the n on h n n win in n of . T e rocky grou d ; the left is a vi e , its te drils d g up the margi the plate

’ ’ n n in inn n The S tern Ba d ceas d asha m d his plate co tai s four l es below the figure , beg i g r , of ow n son s and th e of n x n wn in g , roots the vi e e te d do the page , but almost every copy Blake covered the lower quarter of the plate so that it would n ot pri n t an d these lin es d o n ot

appear .

A r . h . P o hec n : T e ua dian t o 3 p y Begi s G r Prince of Albion bur ns in his n ightly ten . Ab ve are bird s an d a man acled figure floatin g Upwards ; in th e cen tre a figure blow s a trumpet from which issue flames ; an d below three n ude figures fly from tongues of flame which burn from

between li n es of te x t . t . n : A ea o th Ame icans u on t l ud i ht w e he c o n . o in n 4 Begi s pp r r p y g Ab ve , as a ged drago Urizen his of and un n in pursues , who with books Law sceptre pl ges dow wards to clouds ; n d m en on e n d n in r m n below , two ake , of them claspi g a small drape figure , k eel te ror a o g

fallen trees .

‘ ’ 1 h v w . t e n n k kn n The h in in of Orc 1 8 1 R E n r avin s Cf e gra i g by Bla e o as C a g , 3 (see ussell , g g , T e F . ur h. an d h o Zoas . o p , p 3

4-0 Albions An el tood d h . n : s besi e t e S ton o n i h d sa w e t an . in the n 5 Begi s g f g , Above , ce tre

n m an n n on his h o th e a aked asce ds a cloud , beari g a figure s oulders ; n left an other floats carryi n g an u n balan ced pair of scales ; 011 the right a third ascends with a flami n g sword ;

n n n on e h n th e below , two figures fall headlo g i to flames , the ce tral wit i coils of a serpen t with a spiral tail .

: The mo n in om 6 . n es the n i ht deca s the wa tchmen l av thei station e e s . Begi s r g c , g y , r Above n on a nd h a aked youth Sits a grave gazes upwards ; beside him is a skull ; below are a t istle , n an d o h a a f . T e M r i e o H eaven a n d H ell . 2 1 ewt , fly , toad , worm , types mortality (cf r g f , pl , ’ d n Bla i a an s ve . illustratio s to r Gr , pl

I n thun d r d h - . n : e s en s t e voi hen Al io n a th u u ce. ns A 7 Begi s T b g el wr f l b rn t . A birch tree with birds on its bra nches arches up on t he left an d droops gracefully above ; ben eath it lie the H ar an d H ev a n n boy the girl sleepi g estled up to a ram . h t ’ 8 . n : T e er o an wered : a m wr ath d h s Orc e round t e accursed t ee . Urizen Begi s r r I , r Above , in s out Se a of an d S h the clouds tretches his arms over the Time pace w ich lies below . ( Cf. A i ll Rel ions are One . g , pl d u d m d - ! . n s : Soun ! so n ! lou war trum ets 65 ala m m hi teen An els 9 Begi y p r y T r g Below , Man w- n an h d n n n k n e n s s s . , as a bor i f t , lies almo t id e amo g overarchi g tal of wheat ° hus we t the An el voi e 69 as he w t h t 1 0 . n s : c e t e errible las ts Begi T p g p b . Below the naked O s h rc emerges through flame wit outstretched arms . ° ’ Fier the An els ose 63 the os e thun d 1 1 . n : as r e de der roll . A n t Begi s y g r , y p bove , a ude you h d s on n s n o n oon an d s n ri e a flyi g wa ; bel w , u der the m tars three child Joys sit astride a serpe t l a n h . h s in he . n s on s o Blak e (cf T , pl The serpe t a c fu i g multiplicity of tail , w ich some c pies n n b n n of th e n th e cha ged to a Si gle tail y leavi g portio s plate u coloured in prin ti n g . ° 1 ied h ren din o hi robe 69 throwin down h e t So cr e s is sc er . 2 . n s : an Begi , g f g p Below , aged m an on s n of n h h crutche e ters the door a tomb ; to the right are the tru ks of two trees , w ic x n th e - n n an d ss on x n e te d up left ha d margi acro the top , the e treme right is see a stormy ’ d t a The Ga tes Para ise . 1 and s on s o s r ve . n . la dscape (cf of , pl 5 , illu trati Blair G , pl t What t me th h rteen overnor that n land sen conven . 1 . n s : i e t i G s e 3 Begi E g Above , t he body of w an Ooth oon s n o s se a is n n a om ( ) , ca t up upo the r ck at the edge of the , bei g re t by a

; o s d th e own d o of m an of . vulture bel w , fishe evour dr e b dy a at t he bottom the sea ° ’ a w u th k I n s : I n the a mes stood 69 view d the a mies dr n o t in e s . n 1 4 . Begin fl r y the ce tre n ss of s o n s o on an d be eath the leafle Tree My tery a y uth recli e with his elb ws two books , s n s to wo d s of R n d o an n n n li te the r ahab , a ake w m , betwee whose k ees appears a serpe t ; - below is a fi sh like an imal with a tongue of flame . k o n s : On Albions An els : then the Pestilence be an in st ea s red . o 1 5 . Begi g g r f Bel w four female soul s cower and on e floats amon g flames ; on the left a figure whose limbs end in roots

a s in n an d s n n . appe r the margi , above thi a woma crouches be eath a tree

h k l the vales the cities a e the red a mes erce . th e n 1 6 . n s : ver t e il s Begi O , , , r g fl fi Above , woma Earth w ith lon g flowin g hair kn eel s in prayer ; on an d about her are small figures in various t d s an d n n Finis in an of n at itu e , behi d are fa tastic tree forms ; below appears a t gle thor y

flowers an d a s erpen t .

1 “ Blake ’ s Illuminated Books C A N C E L L E D P LAT E S A P o hec : he uard o o . T ian P ince Albi n urns n his n i htl . n n a r p y Begi s G r f b i g y tent . The desig ff o h on . in n th e n is similar to t at pl 3 , but di ers from it detail ; left , opposite the flami g n h h n n n h d d n . trumpet , is a sta di g figure with a ba er w ich is omitted from the publis e esig T ere x are variation s in t he te t . ’ al he d a o th the huma Reve t n ro n . o . . n : n n b Begi s r g The desig is similar to that pl 4 , but d ifle rs in detail ; the te x t is completely d ifle ren t an d takes up more room so that the figures are smaller .

’ h n A ons A n el os sol d Th e x n : e lbi e re v . ff n c . Begi s T g r te t is completely di eren t an d the desig of x n n n th e — n n ot n d to n figures e te di g alo g left ha d side is fou elsewhere ; at p , a ude male on h ar and d wn on b n n figure sits a cloud wit legs ap t head o arms ; elow him , a other plu ges d n d n o m an n n ow war blowi g a trumpet ; at b ttom , a , faci g away , holds a woma with upraised arms .

As when a d ea m o Thiralatha ies the m dn i ht hou h e - of . n : T n d Begi s r f fl i g r . semi ude figure Thiralath a n an - nd n th e n n sits with bowed head be eath over be i g tree ; to left , a ude woma , d n n an an . her Dream , reaches up to hold kiss a flyi g i f t N O T E - f Ame a 1 w o ic an d as n s d . I n The title page r is dated 7 93, it the last book fi i he that year ’ ’ d A a n n meric n o . For for Blake s cycle of ma s evelopme t ope s t he peri d of revolt him , as n n th e A n R n wn of other liberals of the eightee th ce tury , merica evolutio appeared as the da So n an d e th e nn . n d n its n mille ium , fitti g history to his patter disregar i g details , Blake e du d

n n an . Th e of Ame ica an n in ; th e the eve t with mystical sig ific ce hero r is Orc , m ki d revolt n is n n A on or n b th e n villai the Guardia Pri ce of lbi , oppressio , aided y repressive fo ces of V G H n — V ashin ton n k n Urizen od . , the of Dogma istorical figures are i troduced g , Fra li , H an cock an d others— but th e drama is set in in fi n ite space where fi n ally t he triumph an t

n on n in n n . flames of rebellio c sume all material thi gs , leav g o ly the ultimate spiritual eter ity h in Blake apparen tly h ad momen ts of doubt in the composition of this book . T ere are x n h an d d s nn n A P o hec on e iste ce t ree , probably four, rejecte proof plate , begi i g with r p y as in h d n an d n n n on ff n x pl . 4 , much the publis e versio , co ti ui g , with completely di ere t te t ’

n Of Ame ica . for three more plates . It is probable that these plates were Blake s first versio r h n ot n x of can n in and Alt ough it has bee suggested before , the te t the four well be co t uous , I of The n n nn n . n may have bee the origi al begi i g of the poem style , the verse resembles that lut on 1 F ench Revo i n in 1 . is n h r , pri ted 7 9 It oteworthy t at George I I I figures as a character ’ in d x so h t th e ss n w as d n the rejecte te t , t at it is possible hat suppre io Blake s iscretio over n w a h e h n comin g his valour . The E glish govern men t s at t time rather rut lessly tryi g to wipe ’ - out i. e . an n a nd n n n subversive ( ti mo archical) thought , his frie d Tom Pai e s arrow escape may have con vinced Blake that symboli s m was far s afer than realism if he persisted in n writi g a basically revolution ary poem . w R n n in h n o in n . n The first t ree proofs , the Lessi g J ose wald Collectio , were pri ted full ’ o a h d in H o n in Bibli 1 2 1 . n for the first time the g r p y , 9 The fourth , pri te first dgso s sale 1 n 1 0 n ot n n x in x w as catalogue of 4 Ja uary 9 4 , is k ow to e ist proof state , but the te t read by - f n The . R 01 o A G . B . ussell from a blin d impression 1 a colour prin ted copy the desig (see

4 9 P L A T E ! C A N C E LL E D r u n a s

‘ Th iralath a s s w w d ad n e an o er- end n tree to t e f a it ith bo e he be ath v b i g ; h le t, d he r r m r ac s u to an d iss a fl n in an t . D ea , e he p hol k yi g f

NOT E

‘ i th e l nn um . So t n s or to his t rn and d sre rd n its de a ls m t e m atted mi le i , fi ti g hi t y pa te i ga i g t , a

l much as in the ub s ed r p 4 . p li h ve si

is w h o I ll ur s prin ted in 1 7 91 . It note orthy t at G e rge fig e ' fi ne re ec ted t x so it is ss th e s res s on was a s cl hi j e t , that po ible that upp i Bl ke ’ ( “ s w h e ss M in g his va l our. The Engli h govern men t as at the t ime rathe r ru t l ly

m y fi ve convinced Blake tha t sym boli sm was far safer w bas l r u rit hig a wd y evol ti onary poe m . ’ s w Tim rs tim roo now in the ess n . Rosen d fi t p f , L i g J al e i t B blio ra h Th e four b M rst ti n he i 1 2 1 . fi m g p y, 9 th , " ”u m 1 an uar 1 0 is not n own t o e x st in ro s ta bu t the ex t was re ad b " 4 J y 9 4 , k i p of te , t y A ( a a Ri m e ll from a bl ind i mpress i on on a colours-prin ted copy of the d es ign ( see The

09

A P c merica , a rophe y

ar e Book o esi ns h n n h h . n L g f D g , copy B , pl W ile it has ever bee certai t at t is plate was n n A me ica n a nd and x n ca n i te ded for r , Damo others have so assumed , the te t , as oted above , well follow on after that on pl . c . th e There were a few other chan ges which Blake eff ected as he issued copies . Below

i o a ot n th e design on pl . 2 n copy A are four lin es which were n t n oticed nd n pri ted before h x h of 1 l n n t he P iladelphia e ibition catalogue 939. Apparen t y Blake cha ged his mi d about n an d in n 1 8 1 2 h e th e li es , all the copies after the first , u til some time after , covered lower th e quarter of th e desig n with paper or board so that it would n ot pri n t . Also after first two

h e d th e h n n . 2 an n copies felt the eed for a headi g for pl , so , si ce plate was already etc ed , he a x d u d th e n Prelu i m. x M an made e tra small plate with the word E cept for copies O , at time th e n n and h of pri ti g of which Blake may have mislaid the little plate , the post umous copy P , On e h h s A an d . by w ich time it was probably lost , all copie after B have the added plate ot er R t . 1 1 h n . variation occurs The serpen t on pl . has as etc ed a con fusi g multiplicity of tails a her n n n n ot n s w tha correct the plate , Blake merely left u coloured the sectio s he did wa t to ho , as a result of which on ly a single tail appears in some copies . h x n America f or n an d on e T ere are si tee copies of which descriptio s are available , more ’ d x 6 . an n h . 6 2 copy recorded o ly throug a dealer s catalogue The book is a folio , about 3 cm ,

n s of h n C — L n on s th e th e on e co sist eig tee plates ; copies are pri ted both ides of leaf, rest side Th and n . n n an d an n n ot . e two o ly Their co stitutio arr geme t does vary earliest copies ( A B) , h C—L on 1 n in of wn . bot paper watermarked J WHATMAN 7 94 , are pri ted shades bro Copies ,

n in n n s n an d . all but the last with the watermark E P , are pri ted varyi g to e of gree blue

in and n on 8c W I SE 1 h d Copy M , also blue gree , is paper watermarked HAYES 7 99, whic oes — in or n ot s t o h n . 1 8 1 2 2 eem ave bee used elsewhere by Blake The later copies , 3 , are black shades of red . th o x s of . e C mparatively few were coloured , e cept for very light touches wash Of coloured n s n -c and M h o es Copy A is richly , but rather ombrely , pai ted with water olours , copies K rat er ’ r x in - and 0 n in mo e brightly e ecuted also water colours , very richly illumi ated Blake s later - on m . in x s n splen did m ann er . The water colour copy Q is mode The plates were e i te ce after

’ an d on e n in 1 8 2 is h n ow Blake s death , copy pri ted from them 3 recorded below , but t ey have — H h . n . n n disappeared owever , a fragme t of the origi al copper from whic pl a was pri ted the ’ on ly survivi n g copper of any of Blake s relief-etched books — was foun d in a cabi n et belon gin g R h a w . f nd is n o in n n n o n . to T omas Butts , t he Lessi g J ose wald Collectio , Library Co gress I n Pros ectus 1 h w P in n the p of 7 93 Blake advertised t is ork as America , a rophecy , Illumi ated ‘

h 1 8 n 1 os . I n 1 1 ff 1 n n . 8 8 o 8 n Pri ti g Folio , wit desig s , price he ered it as America , pri ts , ’

h . d in 1 t e 6 6s . I n 1 . . . . o an 8 2 H folio £ 5 5 , 7 price was £ 7 99 Blake gave a copy ( B) to C co n n n on e an d 0 Tatham ; Thomas Butts bought a py ( F) ; Be jami West ow ed ( K) ; copy ,

’ n i in n nn n n 1 8 2 2 . formerly Joh Li ell s possessio , may have bee bought by him from Blake

C O P I E S

* No . P in i a on 6 . n s d s 9 plates leaves watermark r ted various colours , chiefly ha e of plr° ° fs — — w a . bro n or n . n . n of 2 b 1 0 1 1 P] . n gree U coloured Co sists i , , , 9 , c , 3, 3 c has umerous a pencilled correction s an d chan ges by Blake . Various sizes as large s or in laid t o

1 x 2 8 . n in o n . 3 3 3 Bou d blue mor cco , by Macdo ald

4 3 ’ Blalf e s Illuminated Boo/cs

These are proofs or rejected impressions which were formerly in the possession of

S and n n in George mith , were bou d up by him with other miscella eous Blake items a ’ o Willia m lahe . S volume con tai n i n g Cunn i n gham s Lif e f B old with his library at ’ ’ h A 1 880 n ff d in u aritc h s ene a l a ta lo ue 1 8 8 C ristie s , pril The o ere Q G r C g , 7 h . Mac o e n o . 1 02 2 . e r ( 5 , Acquired throug William Muir by B B g g of Glasgow , ’ an d d n So 1 1 2 1 P n sol with his collectio at theby s , July 9 4 ( lot 33, arso s ,

S r . h d . n an d o n d of Purc ase by George C mi th , J , who broke up the collectio b u most the P - . m 2 N items separately This volume was sold with his library at arke Be et , ovember w R 1 8 2 R n No in n . n n 93 ( lot 3, ose bach , the Lessi g J ose wald Collectio , Library

n h n n . . of Co gress , Was i gto , D C

6 . x hib. : d 1 n o . E Phila elphia , 939, 7

1 on 1 . 1 on . n in o n . 9 plates 9 leaves Watermark 7 94 J WHATMAN , four leaves Pri ted br w R h n — d d of tan at er sombrely, but richly , pai ted with water colours , with a goo eal , - — d . . and n . o 1 1 6 Pl 1 grey , prussia blue F liate , after the title page , by Blake wi thout d he reludium . 2 h x n an n on . t P 1 1 on e . word , pl wit the e tra li es , the serpe t pl wi th tail h d n n s n of . t e n s of With a uplicate u coloured varia t impre sio pl 4 , without last four li e the d and d in S : x 2 . n un r o . x . 2 te t ize 3 3 4 cm U bo , matte , half blue mo occ case w n he Son o co a as n o T Los nd n . This copy origi ally b u d up with g f , py B , other desig s ’ d in an n on o H s n 1 an 1 0 2 2 2 It was sol separately a ym us sale at odg o s , 4 J uary 9 4 (lot , h an was d o 1 P n uaritc d 0 n . Q , acquire ab ut 9 9 for The ierpo t Morga Library

x hi : Ph d 1 n o. 6 1 . b. E ila elphia , 939,

1 on . d in . 1 8 on 1 8 . r n plates leaves Wate mark 7 94 J WHATMAN , five leaves Pri te sepia - . No o Pl. 1 n o d x f or n n . U col ure , e cept very slight grey wash title page foliatio without

d . o d Preludium . 2 x n s an n on 1 1 on e . the w r , pl without e tra li e , the serpe t pl with tail d in ron c n d red o co L onn ese S : 6 x 2 . oun ize 3 9 59 cm B cit moro co , i lai with mor c to a y

d d . n . e . . desig , g , by F Be for ” o of on : o u o . H . In scribed on the rect the fr tispiece Fr m the a th r to C Tatham Oc t . 7 1 So d on 2 S d n so d in 1 8 un oun 8 . an 1 8 8 ai to have bee l 7 4 , b d , for £ l 9 J uary 7 , w- n D S 2 P 1 . s . of A . . e 6 in n with the library G mith (lot 47 , earso , £ 5 ) Later the collectio

’ - S his S of rd t o . s 2 Thomas Gaisfo , wi h his bo k plate old with library at otheby , 3 April

a h an d b . . Mac eo e S 1 8 0 1 8 u ritc d r s . d 9 ( lot 9, Q , acquire y B B g g , of Gla gow ol ’ h on So 1 1 2 1 1 h n wit his collecti at theby s , July 9 4 (lot 4 , Maggs , T e bought d d n r - m S r . an 2 No b . y George C mith , J , sol agai with his lib ary at Parke Be et , vember Now in oss s s on 1 8 lot 2 2 R n n on . rn 93 ( , ose bach , the p e i of Mrs La d K Tho e , of w Ne York .

an 1 n o . 1 62 P d 1 Nat . . 1 1 n o. s r 1 n o . 6 . x hib. : ; 0 E Gall , 9 3, 95 ; M che te , 9 4 , hila elphia , 939,

w - . P n 1 8 on 1 0 s . a: on t o s in plates leave Watermark E P , leave ri ted blue grey, grey , - m w NO n on . Pl. 1 Preludiu . d . h an d n . n o o 2 x grey gree U c l ure pagi ati with , pl it out e tra

. S : 6 8 x 2 6 . nd n an d n on . 1 1 w on e o in con o li es , the serpe t pl ith tail ize 3 cm B u temp rary

n o . e . half maroo m rocco , g ’ S n n o S h 2 8 1 1 2 2 1 S n A d old a o ym usly at ot eby s , July 9 9 ( lot , abi , cquire by H h s Ph a nd d n H n . s Col . e ry D ug e of iladelphia , sol with his library, America Art As ocia

4 4 A r c Pro p me i a , a hecy

d C o . Off G . K. an n 2 2 A 1 2 6 . tio , pril 9 4 (lot 3, G Wells , ered to by Dulau ,

S n n . . n n in 1 2 200 . Lo do , May 9 7 for £ ( Cat ubseq ue tly obtai ed from J F Drake by R n an d s in 1 6 h H on in th e H ose bach , old by them 93 to P ilip ofer ; deposit arvard

in th e n . College Library , Departme t of Graphic Arts

o . 6 . x hib. : 1 n E Philadelphia , 939, 3

P n in n an d . 1 8 on 1 0 . on on e . plates leaves Watermark E P , leaf ri ted dull gree blue

i . e . 6 x 2 6 . n n n . No n n . S : U coloured pagi atio ize 3 5 cm Bou d half morocco , g ’ co n n and n S 1 1 888 1 This py, the sew u cut , was sold at otheby s , 9 March (lot 54 , R h im h n a nd in 1 8 1 . . Bar es , was acquired 9 by William A White esold by wit

’ ’ n an o n An n s 2 selectio s from the import t library of a Br okly collector at derso , 7 October

1 1 1 1 8 . 9 (lot , Not traced

. 8 . x hib. : 1 0 n o 1 E Grolier Club , 9 5 ,

h d 1 . P n in 1 o . 8: on 8 an 0 8 plates n 1 0 leaves Watermark E . P . leaves ri ted various s ades — . NO n . n x s on of dull gree U coloured , e cept for very light grey wash title page pagi

h ludium . x d n on . 1 1 n n . Pl. 1 t P e 2 n an atio wi r , pl without the e tra li es , the serpe t pl

S : x . . o n n n . 8 26 8 un n in with ma y tails ize 37 cm , cut B u d brow leva t morocco by the

n d 1 08 . Club Bi ery , 9 h on 2 1 A n n in of . . ccordi g to a ote the autograph W A White , purc ased by him December in 1 2 1 8 P n . d R n 95 for £ 33 from earso Acquire with other White books by ose bach 9 9, w w w n as s o to ss n . R s n d an d n o in at which time it ld Le i g J o e al is that collectio ,

of n n n . . Library Co gress , Washi gto , D C h ib. : 1 o. x 6 . ro 0 n 1 P d 1 n o. 2 E G lier Club , 9 5 , 9; hila elphia , 939,

- 8 on 1 . . x 1 0 8c n in n . n plates leaves Watermark E P Pri ted grey gree U coloured , e cept for - N n . 1 lud um . o on . O on Pl . Pre i 2 s me grey wash title page pagi ati with , pl without

d . nd in x n an S : . s n in 1 1 . 6 x 2 e tra li es , the erpe t pl with three tails ize 3 5 5 5 cm Bou o o V isions o the au hters o Albion co and Son yellow mor cco , t gether with f D g f , py B , the g

Los . of , copy D n o o s and o his on Origi ally b ught fr m Blake by Thomas Butt , s ld with collecti at ’ ’

S 2 6 1 8 2 lot . . P s n d otheby s , March 5 ( 54 , F T algrave , Palgrave s ig ature , date

1 8 2 on n . I n 1 8 2 n in d uro e 5 , is the recto of the fro tispiece 5 the volume also co ta e E p , co wh has s n o I 8 . n 1 d py D , ich i ce bec me separated from it 59 it was acquire by the

s s R n R o . n s d t Briti h Mu eum eadi g o m Tra ferre o the Prin t Room in 1 953 .

- 8 s on 1 0 s . 1 8: on on e . n in n . plate leave Watermark E P , leaf Pri ted grey gree n d ludiu o . n on . . 1 r m P e . 2 x n an d n U col ure No pagi ati Pl with , pl without e tra li es , serpe t

in . 1 1 an . S : x I s 2 . n x n d n E u o e pl with m y tail ize 37 5 7 cm a ro burghe bi i g , with r p , a m an d erus le . copy B , j , copy B

in th e n of . . H an rott an d s o of h is Formerly collectio P A , ld with the first part library ’ E v ans s 1 1 8 6 2 n o H n ff n . . at , 9 July 33 (lot 4 , Fre ch , B ught by e ry Cu li e from C J ’ ‘ Toov e C un liff e s - and n Toov e 1 0—1 0 b y, with book plate the ote y Bequeathed y him to his - w ff n s n r un . great ephe , the pre e t Lo d C li e

4 5 ’ Bla ke s Illuminated Boo/cs

H 1 o c . 8 n 1 0 . a n ed in d . n d No plates leaves Watermark E P . Pri t ull blue U oloure

d um th o . 1 n Pl. 1 P elu i . x r in and e n n 1 n . 2 [P] pagi atio with r , pl without e t a l es , serpe t pl

o S : x . n d n . e . n e . 2 i with tail ize 345 45 cm Bou half morocco , g

Purchased from Messrs Evan s in 1 856 for the British Museum Prin t Roo m .

o n . 1 8 on 1 0 . a n r . P in d in d plates leaves Watermark E P , th ee leaves r te ark gree

relud ium h o . 1 1 n . . 1 P . 2 th e x in an d n n U coloured Pl wi th , pl wit out e tra l es , the serpe t pl

S x . b df . 6 . n . : 2 n in n n e . with ma y tails ize 3 3 5 7 cm Bou d gree leva t morocco , g , y Be ord ’ - m s on s - La . in 1 0 Frederick Locker p copy , with his book plate Acquired 9 5 through w Ro fan t . ow an d . . N in Dodd , Mead Co from the Library by E Dwight Church the

S . H n . H un n n an n n e ry E ti gto Library , Mari o , Califor ia

a w 1 8 on 1 0 . on on e . n in h ad of n plates leaves Watermark E P , leaf Pri ted s es bro - h a . a P n n d . n n . Pl 1 nd green . ai ted with brig t heavy water colour washes No pagi atio h m x . d t e n on . 1 ls Preludiu . 2 n an 1 n with , pl without e tra li es , serpe t pl with ma y tai

S : 8 x 2 . n . e in n . ize 3 7 cm , u cut L aves loose , brow morocco case

’ ’ ff as k s n n n o . d Tre i s n Be jami s West s c py O ere for sale by g ma y year ago , lacki g the ’ n n n h h n fro tispiece , havi g bee boug t by him at C ristie s The acq uired by Michael ’ Tom k in s on an d h is S 1 2 2 lot 1 1 e , resold with library at otheby s , 3 July 9 ( 53, Dob ll ,

' x d h s S h in n . . an 2 Ne t the collectio of W E Moss , sold wit his book at ot eby s , March

h . 1 1 6 n n . n 937 ( lot 9, Gabriel Wells , The acquired by C au cey B Ti ker The ’ n n n n co a fro tispiece with a ote that it came from Be jami West s py, was sold sep rately H lo d Sir n 1 n 1 0 t 2 2 20 . an at odgso s , 4 Ja uary 9 4 ( 9, Maggs , £ was acquired by S h ’ P . R d 1 n 1 lot Frederick ollock esol at ot eby s , 5 Ju e 937 ( 347 , Gabriel Wells , a d w a n e of n on n s then reu n ited with the rest of the book . I sert d is a slip paper beari g l H t o Port ar in ton in an n n . l it i troductio for W Blake from William ayley Lady g , giv g w No n . an n of n . in H n accou t his circumsta ces Yale U iversity Library , New ave h ib. : 1 o . o . x 2 n 80 1 n . 6 E 9 7 , ; Philadelphia , 939, 4

No . P in i an d a . Uh 1 8 plates on 1 0 leaves . watermark r ted n black green ish bl ck

ludium . x an d . n n . . 1 P e 2 n coloured No pagi atio Pl with r , pl without the e tra li es , the

n on . 1 1 n . S : 8 2 x 2 6 . n in n o c serpe t pl with ma y tails ize 3 5 cm Bou d half gree mor c o ,

n an d n . u cut , by De Coverly, i terleaved

H n on in n . 1 8 Formerly the collectio of J Frederick all , whose sig ature dated 7 9 is the ’ - S lo 2 6 fl . d n H S 0 un 1 2 t y leaf ol with the library of Ar old all at otheby s , 3 J e 9 7 ( 7 ,

H in h ad n n and n ot n . oll gs , It bee catalogued as a facsimile repri t , was recog ized Afterwards bought from H olli n gs by Rim ell who off ered it for sale together with

hel an d is ions the a u hte s Albion in 1 2 for 1 600 . T , copy M , V of D g r of , copy K , 9 7 , £ w n . n in 1 1 n : . Acquired by Owe D You g , who 94 gave it joi tly ith Dr A A Berg to the w H n . an d A . n Ne P . e ry W Albert Berg Collectio , of the York ublic Library

. P in in 1 8 on 1 8 . 1 on plates leaves Watermark HAYES WISE 7 99, five leaves r ted blue d - h d o n . an n . n n gree Elaborately pai ted wit bright water colours , blue pre mi ati g The

1 S of th e of : S on s I n nocence . ister first Marq uess Bute see g of , copy M (p

4 6 A r c P c me i a , a rophe y

— O 1 h lud um last Si x teen leaves foliated in blue by Blake 1 1 6 . n pl . t e word Pre i is

n in h nd in n of n n . 2 t the x n an d pai ted by a blue i stead bei g pri ted , pl wi hout e tra li es , - S : . . . 6 8 n n i n on l. 1 1 one 2 n n the serpe t p with tail ize 37 3 x cm , u cut Bou d brow morocco ,

n 1 08 . by the Club Bi dery , 9 in t he n of R d n n n d n an d Formerly collectio ichar Mo ckto Mil es , Lor Houghto , ’ S H s on the 1 0 . n referred to by Gilchrist , i , 9 old by Lord oughto s , Earl of Crewe , '

h . S t 0 1 0 uaritch and n . . at o heby s , 3 May 9 3 ( lot 3, Q , the acq uired by W A W ite

Now in th e n of h n . possessio his daug ter , Mrs William Emerso , of Cambridge , Mass h o 1 x ib. : 1 0 n . . E Grolier Club , 9 5 , 7

d 1 8 1 1 8 on 1 8 . a a on an S 2 plates leaves Watermark T , eight leaves , RUSE TURNER ,

h . i . n n x 8 on t en . n n . leaves Pri ted black U coloured Arra ged as above , e cept t at pl — h 1 a in n n . d 1 1 8 . . 1 follows pl . 0 (presumably n error bi di g) Foliate by Blake Pl wit

S : x . r ludium an d . in P e . 2 x n 2 2 n , pl with the e tra li es ize 3 5 4 cm Bou d red flowered

h s n o E uro e . cloth with red leat er pi e , t gether with p , copy I ‘ A pen cilled n ote on the fron t fly—leaf by Sir George Grey states : I purchased th is book at the Sale of the eff ects of a d eceased artist ( I forget his n ame) who had obtai n ed ’ Now Sir n A n . in it direct from Blake the George Grey Collectio , uckla d Public

New Z an . Library , eal d

- a d . i an . 1 8 plates on 1 8 leaves . Watermark J WHATMAN 1 8 1 8 n 1 8 20 Pri n ted n or ge red R n - s an d n - ichly pai ted with water colour gold , each plate with a si gle water colour

- ludium . d n n n . d 1 1 8 . . 1 Pre 2 frami g li e Foliate by Blake Pl without , pl with adde li es ,

S : . n i s n on . 1 1 on e . 0 2 n the erpe t pl with tail ize 3 5 x 3 5 cm Bou d vellum , together

uro e o . with E p , c py K ’ nn John Lin n ell s copy . I t is p ossible that this volume was purchased by Li ell from on 1 h 1 8 2 2 of in n Blake Marc , for a receipt that date Yale U iversity Library is for ‘ ’ t S nn n on an d nn n . Three Pou ds Acco , ca ot otherwise be ide tified old with the Li ell ’

n h 1 1 1 8 1 2 x 0 n . n collectio at C ristie s , 5 March 9 (lot 7 , Carfa , 7 5 gui eas) The acquired

H . R R t o th . . s an d t e by T iche , bequea hed by Mrs iches Fitzwilliam Museum , Cambridge h 1 Nat . l . 1 1 o . 6 n 1 1 n o . 1 1 n o 8 x ib. : n 2 . E Ga l , 9 3, 9 ; Ma chester , 9 4 , 45 ; 9 7 ,

- Un 1 o 1 1 8 2 . n in n . P 8 plates n 8 leaves . Watermark J WHATMAN 3 Pri ted red brow ’ - o . n i col oured . The copper plate maker s stamp can be seen n several leaves Fro t spiece - h Pl . 1 t Preludium . n an d o t . 2 foll ws ti le page wi hout the word , pl wit the added li es ,

S : x . nd in n s n on . 1 1 on e . 2 8 2 2 the erpe t pl with tail ize 5 cm Bou co temporary morocco ,

w ur . o . e . o e elaborately t oled , g , together ith E p , copy M ’ — S Bodd in ton s h is n . A in amuel g Copy , with book plate i side the cover fterwards the os ss n of s x n in 1 1 2 p se io Charle Fairfa Murray , who prese ted it 9 to the Fitzwilliam

s . Mu eum , Cambridge

8 s on 1 x . 1 1 8 s . on Q plate leave Watermark T STAI NS , all leaves , e cept pl 4 which has the a 1 n t n -c [M] p rtially eradicated d ate 1 8 [ 3 Prin ted in black . Rece ly pai ted with water olours

4 7 ’ Bla ke s Illuminated Boo/rs

i — - ’ n 1 1 . imitation of copy A . Foliated 8 The copper plate maker s stamp can be seen on - w Pl. 1 ludium . P e . 2 d n an d the title page without the ord r , pl with the adde li es , the

0 - o . 1 1 o e . S : x w n in . o x n n 2 2 n 26 2 2 . serpe t pl with tail ize orig all y 33 5 5 cm , 5 5 cm

n in R . Bou d blue morocco , gilt , by iviere h h in th e n of R . . nd in Formerly possessio A Potts , at w ic time it was bou grey calf,

’ o S h ur e . n S h 20 1 1 together wit E p , copy L old from his collectio at ot eby s , February 9 3 S n Th e n n n d o f r . ( lot 59, abi , volume was the broke up , colouri g adde Walter T

S n n R an d d n n pe cer , each work bou d separately by iviere , sol as origi al colouri g to h H h n . n d d . r ersc el V Jo es Due to t is the book was origi ally liste as copies L an M . Th ee n d coloured drawi gs supposedly by Blake , but actually after him , were adde at this time .

n n s d n on ls . an d 1 7 an d n They are e larged versio of the esig s p ii , were probably do e for h ’ H n . S n n . n n 2 1 1 8 lot J Camde otte old wit the Jo es library at A derso s , December 9 ( 1 N x in s n o d d N n 8 R n f A . d ed 3, ose bach , e t the pos essio E war ewto , who ad his ‘ ’ and n P - m book plate , sold as posthumously colored with his collectio at arke Be et , 6 1 1 lot 1 2 s d an d 1 d . April 94 ( 7 , Well , Acquire by Fre W Allsopp , resold - m t 1 6 2 1 P H . n n n wi h his books at Parke Be et , 3 December 94 ( lot , aul A derso , age t , ot N traced .

P 1 n o. 6 . x hib. : E hiladelphia , 939, 5

’“ d . s d . n R 1 8 . P n e in n d in n o . e . plate ri t blue U coloure Bou half gree mor cco , g ’ h n l a ta lo ff d in uaritc s Ge era ue 1 88 n o. 1 0 2 1 P O ere Q C g , 3 ( 5 , erhaps to be d n w on e o s n nd i e tified ith of the above c pie , si ce rebou .

' FA C S l M i L E : I n Worlrs b Willia m Blake 1 8 6 ; W 1 88 R E P R O D U CT I O N S y , 7 illiam Muir, 7 , n an d d E Y d d A n plai coloure ; , iii , re uce ; lbio Facsimile

4 8

S O NG S Of | I NNO C E N C E an d Of | E ! P E R I E N C E Sh e w in g th e Tw o C on tra ry Sta te s of t he H u man Sou l

S ub- title a : S O NG S of | I N NO C E N C E 1 7 89 The Au t h or 8: P ri n t e r W Blak e

— S ub title b: S O NG S of E ! P E R I E N C E 1 7 94 The Au th or 8L P ri n t e r W Blake

D E S C R I PT I O N - s S on n n and l . s o n nocence 2 ls n Ge eral title , fro tispiece sub title a , 3 p , g f I , 4 p . , fro tispiece — ls n o x er en ls = d . S o s i ce 2 . x an 2 1 1 . sub title b , p , g f E p , 5 p 54 plates , about 7 cm , relief - h n n c . etc i g , pai ted with water olours C O N T E N T S - S n . n n 1 . n [Ge eral title page] , o gs , etc I troductio

’ An n . t 2 . [Fro tispiece The Piper] Ear h s swer - Su b S n . 8c 3 . [ title a] , o gs , etc The Clod the Pebble n H 4 . I n troductio oly Thursday h h Th e o d 5 . T e Shep erd Little Girl L st [an ]

— Th e E cch oin n n 6 7 . g Gree The Little Girl Fou d h n S 8 . T e Lamb The Chim ey weeper

’ — Bo S n 9 1 0 . The Little Black y Nurse s o g S R 1 1 . The Blossom The ick ose n S 1 2 . The Chim ey weeper The Fly

Th e n 1 3 . Little Boy lost The A gel Th e n 1 4 . Little Boy fou d The Tyger n S n R ! 1 . 5 Laughi g o g My Pretty ose Tree , Ah — S n an d The 1 6 1 . 7 A Cradle o g Flower , [ ] Lilly The n The n of 1 8 . Divi e Image Garde Love H The n d 1 9. oly Thursday Little Vagabo — n n 2 0 2 1 . Night Lo do — S n H n 2 2 2 3 . pri g The uma Abstract ’ S n n n S 2 4 . Nurse s o g I fa t orrow an P n 2 5 . I n f t Joy A oiso Tree

2 6 . A Dream A Little Boy Lost

’ On n h S 2 7 . A ot er s orrow A Little Girl Lost

’ n on h TO 2 8 . [Fro tispiece . Cherub s epherd s Tirzah head ] The School Boy - Th of n n d Su b S n . e 2 . 9 [ title b] , o gs , etc Voice the A cie t Bar

5 0 Songs of Innocence and of Experience C A N C E LL E D P L AT E S - 1 h o x 6 x . A n n . a . Nude figure bor e upwards by five c erubs ; te t 5 5 5 cm

b . A Divi n e Image . NO T E ’ ’ The S ong s of Experience represen t in Blake s philosophy the second cycle of man s develop of nn n n h n . n me t Followi g the period i oce ce , the u alloyed joy at the discovery of beauty , trut and x n n n a nd the n love , comes the period of e perie ce , of mature disappoi tme t realizatio of — h a n and physical limitation s and Of m an made morality . For eac joy Blake saw equal opposite ’ h w n n n n n t e . sorro . The whole is a reflectio of Blake s disappoi tme t upo a seco d look at world H is messages of truth did n ot receive the acceptance and un derstan di n g which he in his

in n n n him h n aive assuran ce had e x pected . There were realities Lo do all arou d w ich belied Son s n nocence; an d the optimism of the g of I poverty , prej udice , deceit despair were every ’ The Son s x erience n n n where . g of E p are Blake s bitter picture of life as t he i oce t child must

fi nd n n h h . it as he emerges from the happy , co fide t days of c ild ood

’ The chan ge in Blake s mood is reflected n ot on ly in th e subjects an d the symbolism of — h an d n in n . the poems illustratio s , but also the tech ique of the copper plates If t ese are e x ami n ed in uncoloured pri n ts it will be seen that in th e S ong s of I n nocence t he larger sur Of the h n n n in ff n n faces etc ed plates have bee ge erally lighte ed e ect by e graved li es , whereas in the Songs of Experience the heavy eff ect of these surfaces is un relieved by subsequen t n en gravi g .

’ I n Blake s prospectus of 1 7 93 the Songs of In nocence an d S ongs of Experience were n n n n -fi ve n s h n advertised as separate works , co tai i g twe ty illumi ated plate at five S illi gs

h No n w th e Son s o x erience in h n n t he eac . authe tic copy , ho ever , of g f E p t is form is k ow , n x h s s d n n n o ly separate e amples of t i work de cribe bei g too imperfect to be co clusive evide ce ,

n n n n t o n n n n havi g a pagi atio showi g them have o ce bee part of a combi ed copy , or havi g of S on s o I n noc n e S on s o been pri n ted to complete an already issued copy the g f e c . The g f h Experience are therefore n ot ere described separately . - Son s o x erience 1 an d Of th e The title page of the g f E p is dated 7 94 , the earliest copy ( A)

n n . n and combi ed issue belo gs to that year It co sists of fifty plates , therefore agrees as

th e n of th e n 1 h h n ot regards total umber plates with advertiseme t of 7 93, t ough t ey are th e the S on s o I n nocence n n of n - h and th e distributed same way , g f co sisti g twe ty eig t plates , - h S ong s of Experience of twen ty two . This is eviden tly due to the fact t at in 1 7 93 Blake was ‘ ’ ‘ ’ Still coun tin g the three plates of The Little Girl Lost an d Th e Little Girl Found ( 34—36)

n Son s o I n nocence n in amo g the g f , but whe the two series were actually issued together 1 n to S on s o x erience h n in 7 94 those plates were tra sferred the g f E p , w ere they remai ed all

. n s 1 0 n copies issued after that date Whe copy A was i sued , four plates ( , 5 amely , the

‘ ’ ‘ ’ ‘ ’ n - A o an d h h ad n ot ge eral title page , A Little Boy Lost , Little Girl L st , To Tirza , yet f fi f - n n . n s o t on e x bee e graved The later Copies co ist y four plates , though of the four e tra

n ot n n . an d plates did reach its fi al form at o ce Three copies ( B , C , D) , also issued about ‘ ’ 1 n n n s TO n x n n 7 94 , co tai , i tead of the plate Tirzah a desig without te t ( a) , represe ti g

1 h ‘ Se e R E n ravin s . 1 S n the St ussell , g g , p 7 , w ere it is described as ubject resembli g Ecstasy of ’ n the n h m r an . Ma y Magdale e , but figure is u doubtedly t at of a

5 1 ’ Bla ke s Illuminated Books

’ n b n has a ude fig ure or e aloft by che ru bs . This plate th e appearan ce of be in g on e of Blake s ‘ ’ s o-c e s on n ot n h boo s all d woodcut pewter it is fou d in an y ot er k . These three copie are ’ in also peculiar that the plate A Dream ( 2 6) is placed am ong th e Song s of Experience . I n k n all fift - copy E Bla e first i cluded the y four plates as thereafter issued . The n x an d H s to h n o f in n of Son s e t group ( F, G , ) seem ave co sisted separate pr ti gs the g x erience all n ow bo n of of t he of E p , imperfect , but the first u d up with a copy a separate issue Son s n nocence n o to h a r g of I which it was doubt issued supplemen t. T ese copies re all colou n ed an d th e n n s o x c d i to a in pri t , are o ly o es e e ute , wh ch would seem pl ce them the year 1 n x n in h o h 7 95 whe Blake was e perime t g with this met d which e later aban don ed . a d fift - s r to him h e in After Bl ke had complete y four plates atisfacto y , distributed them the

: n - on e Son s n nocence n - earlier copies as follows ge eral title page , plate , g of I , twe ty eight an d Son s o x r - v H e ience n fi e . n s and plates , g f E p , twe ty plates owever, o ly four copie ( E , I , J ,

n x e n in . o and K) so distributed were issued before he bega to e p rime t aga C pies L , M , N ‘ ’ ‘ S n ed t o Son s o x erience and 0 has have The chool Boy ( 53) tra sferr the g f E p , Copy The of Voice the An cien t Bard 54) on ly so tran sferred . It was formerly believed that these copies x ed 1 8 1 0 n th e 1 in on were e ecut about , but the i itials with date 7 99 Copy L force a revisi of w n . n n n o t ns ed th e of that assumptio Co seque tly , it must be assumed hat Blake co ider idea

n on e or n n S on s o x erience r r placi g a other Of the two plates amo g the g f E p , tempo a ily gave d an d r o s P R an d S 1 802 to 1 808 up t he i ea , thereafte issued at least f ur Copie ( , Q , ) from d with the earlier istr ibution . n ed t is n o an d n r can n be I t should be ot hat copy K , which i c mplete u colou ed , o ly n ed in 1 — 8 ; an d h an d N r re m ar in ed te tatively plac the period 7 95 9 t at Copies M , the fo mer g an d un t a r n n not n an d an n rebo d so hat the r a geme t may be origi al , the latter i complete Son s o x erience n are d on of in n of g f E p o ly , groupe with copy L solely the basis the clusio i th on s o x of Son s o n n . e 0 n n ocence pl 53 n S g f E perience . Copy co tai s a later issue the g f I in e 1 8 1 to ou t an d n n l n of which was pr t d about 7 fill the set , co tai s dup icate impressio s the two trans ferred plates . Up to about 1 800 all the Copies Showed the same lack Of un iformity n o 1 80 in arran gemen t foun d in the separate copies of the So g s of In nocence . Fr m about 2 n 1 808 P R an d S th e d t i n u til about Blake issued four copies ( , Q , ) , all with earlier is ribut o

of Son s n nocence n e h in n . plates , but with the g of I arra g d roug ly the order give above Each of on for and x n of an d these has separate foliati the two parts , wi th the e ceptio copies A O ’ onl on n all on n i n n nn n are the y es so umbered , the others which c tai Blake s or gi al umbers ru i g

n P of t o b a con s ecutively through from 1 to 54 . O ly copy these four seems have had oth p rts n an d o d the s a nd n n r pri ted c loure at ame time , these may have bee miscella eous sepa ate sets which Blake brought togeth er after havin g failed to sell either separately ; copy R certainly has 21 Song s of In nocence con siderably earlier th an the 1 808 watermarked Songs of x e ien e of t h e K—S d in ten n 1 8 an d 1 808 E p r c . Most copies ( ) issue the years betwee 7 9 are n n and th e n d n th e Son s of a rather miscella eous compositio , order here give is base upo g of

x i n E per e ce on ly .

Bv about 1 8 1 5 Blake distributed the plates even ly bet ween t h e t wo parts wi th pls . 53 an d

in th e Son s o x e ience an d n n . one x n 54 g f E p r , the arra geme t became set e ceptio he kept x c n e a in h a to it in all copies issued after this d ate . The e eptio (copy V) is p culi r t at Bl ke to a n t o n th e t MS . n x n seems have take rouble to write out a i de , but o ly reject it fter havi g

5 2

P L A T E 2 Songs of Innocence and of Experie nce

s n e w h is d d 1 8 1 8 . S s n s d th e an e is i gle copy , the pap r Of hic ate Dr amp o u e arr g in is n x as s nd rd d o n ot e n s o w an th i de ta a , but it es s em to co stitute eighty r r o d in n of o s x d b all wh auth . oun r n y as that f seve the latest c pie e ecute y Blake , of ich bea .

his of n foliation .

0 . a d are n on d s th s } n e . o h y four copies ( B , C , D E) pri ted both si e of leave C py F , wit st a on s nnocence so r n d on t n the Son s o x erience n on on e s a rate S g of I p i te , c ai s g f E p pri ted ide of ie n All r s r d on on e d of o n . leaf o ly . ther Copies have both pa t p i te si e the leaf on ly The w x h b k is u sually on paper meas uring about 20 1 4 cm . ; t os e copies which are smaller have ll o babl n d own I n fe w R V and ! w was y bee cut . a copies ( A , , , W ) some hat larger paper us d t o x m n s in S on s o nnocence has e up o a size f 38 2 7 c . The letteri g u ed the g f I already been ‘ re f o erred t . I n the Songs of Experience Blake substituted for the roman th e more easily formed italic charac ters which he firs t adopted in the Boo/c of Thel ( 1 7 89) and used in all “ ” “ " “ ” his bs n s n s n r Ah ! Sun w on n and su eq ue t work ; o ly four o gs , The Tyge , flo er , L do ,

" ” A Po s n t he n t od uc o t n A s n n in i o Tree , with i r t ry s a za to Little Girl Lo t , bei g writte '

the fo rme of n S on 1 0 . r style letteri g ( amps , 9 5 , p H av ing once e tched and pri n ted the plates of the S ongs Blake almost n ever mad e any i O ‘ a i n n e t . e n n n w a t th x n n c d in . 2 l er t o e t i teresti g cha ge has , ho ever , bee dete te pl 4 ( The ’ o H h h o Tyger ) of c py P . ere e as altered the fo urth lin e f the thi rd s tan za

‘ ’ ’ W h a t dre ad hand ? at what dread feet ? to read ‘ ’ What d read han d Formd thy d re ad feet ?

A s imilar change had been n oticed in the te x t of the poem prin ted by Benjamin H eath

’ ‘ ’ lkin in n od on to A Father s Memoi s his Child 1 806 Form d Ma the i tr ucti r of , , though here ‘ ’ is r ced o d but n o n d on was no n en epla by f rge , eme ati k w to have be authorized by Blake

un til one was di scovered in thi s copy. n of o Blak e prin ted most of the Copies in varyi g shade s br wn . Those produced before 1 7 95 s Son s n n n I in on ar oce ce. n are all light t es , quite simil to the earlier copie Of g of I the three w w x r n e w - n n ff ith hich he e pe ime t d ith colour pri ti g , he also tried the e ect produced by h o n t n in d ff n on one a . was n n t h pri i g several i ere t colours p ge T is appare tly repeated , alt ough the same e ff ect was created in a few later i n stances by pai n ti ng over the letteri ng with vari k a 1 802 wn n was h n h u ed in . r 1 n colo r s F om 7 95 u til fter bro agai c iefly used , duri g t is period , w a n n and in n n in o n i . ho ever , fte much d rker to e , a few copies the pri ti g was grey or black There was apparen tly no fix ed colour u sed for the n e x t group of copies ; light a nd dark

- 8 1 o e in k d o s not y s a own an d n . 1 n th e n t br s grey gree appear From 5 e vary, alwa b i g brigh r - ed or orange brown .

' ' - d In the earlies t copies of the Songs of Innocence an d of E xpe rience Bl ak e s w a te r { am n

i " -t M illumin at i n g is almost as s imple in character as th at wh ich he used n I ll ? Ga r l i c ? e pic

o o n an d f e 1 8 1 h is m h S n s n nocence. e od the g f I Later the colouri g became brighter , a t r 5 t and in r ned t he ff c t m t t h u s e became more elaborate , most Of the late Copies he heighte e e - ‘ s One . s n or o d e . u s of gold and brough t out the page with frami g lin es wash b r r Y; . in - l d t on r s of en r r of e un in no ot x x k . ad i i elabo ate border p work t ace y , a typ fo d her

' r- e w in x n an d ood a n se ts of i n The coppe plat s ere e iste ce after Blake s death , a g m y pr ts

5 8 LA T E 2

’ Bla/f e s Illuminated Boo/cs

- . all n d in red n or h were made posthumously These are pri te brow , sepia grey ; some ave

‘ ’ n n h . c an d n a t h e n rece t colouri g Two of t em (copies ) h ve plate A Divi e Image ( b) , 1 n o t n in an I n 1 o - s ix . 86 t en f n e fou d y copy issued by Blake 3 the origi al copp r plates , of h n on in x e o x n n . f t em e graved both sides , were e iste ce Electrotyp s were made these si tee ’ design s an d were used by Messrs Macmillan in th e first and secon d edition s of Gilchrist s h w L e . te n n o of t he if T ese plates seem to have disappeared , but two duplicate sets electro h o w w n ne n o in . n types ave bee made , of hich is the Fitzwilliam Museum , Cambridge Twe ty n ff i sets of pri ts from these were made for Geo rey Keyn es n 1 94 1 . S n n in 1 0 th e Son s o n nocence an d ampso , writi g 9 5 , described twelve copies of g f I of E x e ience a n d on e t he Son s x e ience an d n p r copy of g of E p r , was led to make several wro g n n n in th e h n n co clusio s by i accuracies facts at his disposal . T ese umbers are here i creased to

n - h an d an d t he for th e twe ty t ree copies of the former four of the latter , data have , most part , h n . n n of n bee thoroug ly revised Also i cluded are fiftee series the plates , some i complete , n on e w b S n . pri ted posthumously , of hich was described y ampso

’ Eigh teen of th e S ong s of Experience are foun d in Blake s autograph in the Notebook R MS an d of h h n o h n ( ossetti ) , several t ese appear to be fair copies , but t ere are ot er ma uscript h - t e x . I n th e MS . n sources of te t same are fou d sketches for the Fron tispiece ( p . Title page

' ‘ ’ ‘ ’

n Th . . e . . an d n n ( p I troduction ( p . Angel ( p The Tyger ( p Lo do (p n n S on s o nnocence an d S on s x e ience d As already me tio ed , the g f I g of E p r were advertise ’ ' in 1 n D I s rae l s n n n . i by Blake 7 93 at five shilli gs each , co tai i g altogether fifty plates Isaac w h h h h n copy ( A) it fifty plates is of t is period . Before t e turn of t e ce tury copies seem to

h n in th e n s of Thom as an H . . ave bee also ha d Butts ( E) , George Cumberl d ( F) , W Phillips (I) , and x I n 1 1 w fift - Charles Augustus Tulk (J) Mrs Fla man (O) . 8 8 the hole y four plates were VV a w h d ff s ix an d n h . . ine ri t an n d of . o ered at gui eas , a seco Butts copy ( V) is t is date T G g d n ! an d 1 8 2 an d h n E ward Calvert obtai ed copies ( Y) about 5 , there are records s owi g that H en ry Crabb Robi n son an d Mrs Charles Aders each paid five gui n eas for copies ( 2 an d AA) I n 1 ff e and in 1 8 2 6 . 8 2 t n n 7 Blake o ered the book for gui eas , after his death Mrs Blake h sen t a copy ( W) to Bishop Jebb in return for a presen t of twen ty gui n eas . T ese facts are h and n n . established , show that Blake did receive a steadily i creasi g price for his work Gilc rist ‘ 1 2 1 s : Son s o n nocence an d x erience e ( i , ) writes as follow The illustrated g f I E p was issu d ' k ' w . . in to Blake s public at the modest price of thirty sh illi ngs or t o gui n eas . Later Bla e s w d n w n n d n o . fi v e n n a n i n life . gui eas ere give him , some cases he i te de as a delicate mea s f

lax m a n on e n n . n n helpi g the artist larger sums F recomme ded more tha frie d to take copies , n w h o n n c te n a Mr Thomas amo g them , wishi g to give the artist a prese t made the pri e I h n Sir an n an d n . . . n Sir gui eas the last years of his life T omas Lawre ce , Fr cis Cha trey ,

’ h n for s h an d n n . ot ers paid as much as twelve twe ty gui eas No aut ority is give t hese fact , x n n n n o an d n o relia nce c an be placed on some of them . E cept for the ow ers me tio ed above ' n of n n a n of n copies bear evide ce havi g belo ged to y Blake s co temporaries , although the ’ early history of man y is n ot k nown ; this n egatively supports the possible truth of Gilchrist s statemen t . This accou n t of the Song s of In nocence a n d of Experience should be read in conjun ction — w 1 1 of the n . with t he separate accou n t of th e S ong s ( J I n n ocence on pp . 9 prese t ork

1 n A third i mpression of the plate is in the collec tion of Geoffrey Key es .

5 4 P LA T E ’ Bla ke s MW Book s w - re made os t um ous . hese are all rin e in red Im am se ia or re som a e e p h ly T p t d , p g y; e h v ‘ ' r e n o ur n . Two of th e m ! s ies e an d a have the ace A Di ine Ima e ec t c lo i g ( p ) pl v g ( b) , ' not found in an co is sued h Blahe In 1 86 ton ol the ori i al co c r- labes six of y py y 3 g n pp p , - en ra ed on bo h s id e s we re t in e xistence . le c ts ot e s we re made of t ese s ix een them g v , E yp h t ' de s ns and were b ss M ig us ed y Me rs acm illan in the fi rst and se cond ed itions of Gilch ris t s

i e . h e se ten late s se e m no w to a e dis a eared but two du lics te se ts of the e ec ro Lf T p h v pp . p l t t es a ve a e f h s w be n one o i no in the Fi tzwi iam useum a m brid e . went yp h e m d , w ich ll M , C g T y s e s of rin ts e se we re mad f or f t p from th e G eo f rey Keynes in 1 94 1 . Sa m son wr tin in 1 0 d s r bed tw ve co s of the Son s nnocence and p , i g 9 5 , e c i el pie g of I of x erience and one o of the Son s x erience and was led to make se v ra wron E p c py g q p , e l g onc us ons b nac cu es in the s his d s s s u are he re ncreased to c l i y i raci fact at i po al . The e n mbe rs i w n - ree co ie of the r e r and u of att er an d the a a e for the mos art t e ty th p s fo m fo r the l , dat h v , t p ,

e n t rou h re sed . A so inc d ed are t n s r es the la es o incom e te b e ho g ly vi l lu fif ee e i of p t , s me pl , rin ed os m us o e of wh w d sc s as r ed b Sa n . p t p thu o ly, n ich e ib y mp o ' Eighteen of the Songs of Experience are found in Blak e s autograph in the Note book R ss and s of t s e to be ir s b ut e re are no t r anuscr ( o etti everal he e app ar fa copie , th o he m ipt

I n e M u s urc s of x . th i s e S. are o s a o e the te t am f und ketche s for the Fron tispi ece ( p . T tle p ge ‘ ‘ ‘ ’ ‘ ' ‘ ’

. n u A . d on el e . an d on n . ( p I trod cti ( p . The ng ( p The Tyg r ( p L o (p As r ad en ione the Son s o nnocence and Son s o x erience were ad rtised al e y m t d , g f I g f E p ve b ' ’ in 1 fiv h n s c . e e i a , n ta nin alt o e e r la tes saac D lsra li s y ( Blake 7 93 at s ill g e h co i g g th fifty p I w of o s copy ( A) ith fifty pl ate s is thi s pe ri od . Be fore the turn of the cen tury c pies eem to

a e e n in the han s of Th om as ts E eor e u e and F H . . Ph s h v b e also d But ( ) , G g C mb rl ( ) , W illip (I) , ha A s an d w - w s u tu Mrs ax I n 1 8 1 8 the h fif t ou tes re . C rle ug s Tulk (J) Fl man ( O) . ole y f r pla e s W ff ed s ix e s d . aine wri ht and n n second tts co V i of his d ate . . o er at gui a , a a Bu py ( ) t T G g

d w rd e ta ne o es ! and abou 1 82 and t e r are record s s h w n a E a Calv rt ob i d c pi ( Y) t 5, h e o i g th t H en ry C rabb Robi n s on an d Mrs Cha rle s Ade rs e ac h pa id fi ve gu ineas for copies ( Z and AA) In 1 2 ake ff r e d h boo for his d Mrs ak in 1 8 26 . 8 t e te n ne s an d a r 7 Bl o e k gui a , fte eath Bl e

s s ac s a s en t a co py ( W) to Bi hop Je bb in retu rn for a presen t of twen ty gu in eas . The e f t re

ta s ed and s h a d id r s ad i ncre s n ri for his wo . c r st es bli h , ow th t Blake eceive a te ly i a i g p ce rk Gil h i ‘ 1 2 1 es as ows : r Son s nnocence an d x erience was ss ued ( i , ) writ foll The illust ated g of I E p i ’ ' a r in a s to Blake s public at the mod es t price of thi rty s hillings or t wo gu ineas . . . L te Bl ke d ca e an s . d as . fi ve n s w r n an d in s o e as n in en d of life gui ea e e g ive him , m c es whe t e a eli t me n th e s r r s s x m n o nd d ore t an one ri nd to ta co ies helpi g art i t la ge um . Fla a rec mme e m h f e ke p s n who w s n the ar is a r s n d the ric e tea a Mr Thoma amo g them , i hi g to give t t p e e t ma e p han . f his S w Sir anc s tr an d n . . I n th e s rs o ir s a ren e gui eas la t yea life Thoma L c , Fr i C ey, ’ w No ut is n for s facts r d as as and n in as . othe s pai much twelve t e ty gu e a hority g ive the e , x fo wn rs n oned a ov n o and n o reli ance can be placed on s ome of them . E cept r the o e me ti b e ’ o s d n of in n ed t o an of s on e orarie s a ou h the c pie bear evi e ce hav g belo g y Blake c t mp , lth g ' e arly hi st ory of many is n ot kn own ; thi s n egatively s upport s th e poss ible t ru th of Gilc h rist s

statemen t . Thi s accoun t of the Songs of Innocence and of Experience shou ld be re ad in conjunction - 1 1 of th e r sen w n t . with the s eparate accoun t of the Songs of Innocence on pp . 9 p e t o

A third impression o f the plate is in the co llec tion of Ge o ff rey Keynes .

° 6 4 P L A T E 3

Songs of Innocence and of Experience

The copies described below may be tabulated as follows

C OPI E S

A ( 1 TA YLOR 1 7 94)

B 1: 84 1 Y O an d , C ( P , TA L R J WHAT MAN) and D

E (J W I I AT MA N)

h S on s o I n nocence ( i F (wit early g f ) ,

and K and n I , J ( imperfect u coloured S ongs of E xperience on ly)

N m f S on s o E x erience L, M , ( i per ect g f p on ly) a nd O (with later S ongs of I n nocence)

P ( BUTTA NS H A W Q ( BUTTA NS H A W 1 802 an d J WHATMAN R ( 1 TA YLOR 1 7 94 for earlier S ongs of I nnocence an d J WHATMAN 1 808) an d S (J WHATMAN 1 808)

U U T ( RUSE 8c TURNERS ( R SE TURNERS V (arranged accord M x in S . n g to i de , J WHATMAN W ( 1 8 1 8 an d J WHATMAN ! (J WHATMAN Y (J WHATMAN Z (J WHATMAN 1 8 2 5) an d AA

5 5 Blake ’ s Illuminated Books C o m e s 0 on 0 O o o . 1 1 n n e n in A 5 plates 5 leaves Watermark TAYL R 7 94 , leaf. Pri ted Olive - n . P n n Th n . e brow ai ted with water colours , the ti ti g very simple similarity of styles of colouri n g shows that both parts were e x ecuted at the same time in spite of the — — - n . 1 2 6 an d 1 20 t he an d n of separate foliatio Foliated by Blake , title page fro tispiece nn n — — 6— — — 1 1 . n : 2 2 2 2 1 0 1 2 0 2 1 2 2 each part u umbered Arra geme t 4 , 3, 7 , 9 , 3, , , 4 , 7 , 1 1 8 1 2 1 1 8 1 6— 1 2 6 2 2 2 8 0 1 0 2 1 2 54 , 5 , , , 9, 5 3, 4 , , 5 , 7 , , 5 ; 9, , 3 , 3 , 4 , 3 , 4 , 37 , 4 , 8 8 — 6 6 k - . 1 0 2 n 4 , 45 , 3 , 47 , 34 3 , 44 , 49, 4 , 39, 33, 43 Lac s , 5 5 ; with u coloured facsimiles

‘ ’ 0- 2 and n S x h h n . : 8 2 . n . of 5 5 A Divi e Image i serted ize 3 7 cm , u cut The leaves , w ic

- n n in n n in . show the origi al stitch holes , i serted slide mou ts , bou d two vellum volumes

' The Be acon s fie ld h k s ae S h D I r li. copy , probably boug t from Bla e by Isaac old wit

’ th e Be ac on s fie ld S 20 1 88 2 lot 6 library at otheby s , March ( 5 , Dowdeswell ,

1 Mac eor S o n 88 . . d Acquired about 5 by B B g ge of Glasgow . ol with his c llectio at ’ S 1 1 2 1 1 1 n and h Mac e or e otheby s , July 9 4 ( lot , Marti , boug t by Mrs g g , n who the presen ted it to the British Museum Pri n t Roo m .

S on NO n and n . 54 plates 30 leaves . watermark . Pri ted in shades of yellow brow imply

and n — h n n n r n very beautifully pai ted with water colour was es . Pe cil pagi atio ece tly h n n n n ot n n supplied , so t at the prese t arra geme t may be ide tical with the origi al order ,

x and n Son s o n n ocence an d but probably appro imates to it , as 5 3 54 are amo g the g f I , S : 26 in th e S on s ( x erien C and . ce. 2 n n in g J E p Lacks 5 , but co tai s a as copies D ize 1 1 h-h h n ot . n . e n 9 5 x 4 cm , u trimmed The l aves , which show the origi al stitc oles , ave ’ n n n Now un in and un bee bou d si ce Blake s covers were removed . mo ted stiff leaves bo d

in morocco .

’ n in This copy is almost as fresh and clean as when it left Blake s hands . Origi ally n h n n or the possessio of Judge C arles Warre , who obtai ed it directly from Blake his in . n n n d S f a nd wife The it passed i to the ha s of his daughter , Lady taf ord Carey , later n d . n in 1 2 tur to her aughter , Miss E . J Carey . Give by her 93 to the British Museum n R Pri t oom . — — hi . : o . x b . 1 8 6 n os . 2 2 8 1 2 n E 7 , 7 3 4 , 7 7 ; 9 7 , 7 5 c o o an d on 0 . E on 1 n n e 54 plates 3 leaves Watermarks P , two leaves , TAY[LOR] , leaf, B o d - n x on n e . P n in n a n [ ] [J] WHATMAN , leaf ri ted shades of brow yellow brow , e cept - in n . n pl . 47 which is gree Pai ted simply with light water colours , with some colour

n n n s 1 and and Son s x e ience n pri ti g used occasio ally in pl . 2 the g of E p r ; a umber of

- No n n . figures outli n ed in i n dia in k ; some colouri n g probably b y Mrs Blake . pagi atio

n n : 2 1 2 1 6— 1 8 1 1 2 1 6— 2 2 2— 2 1 8 1 2 1 Arra geme t , , 3, 4 , 5 , 5 , 7 , , , 4 , 9, 7 , 7 , 3, 53, , , 5 , — 1 0 n e w 1 I 2 8— 1 8 1 8 1 2 6 — 6 0 0 9 , 54 , , 3, 4 : 3 , 4 , 5 , 3 , 4 , 39, 44 , 45 , 47 , , 34 3 . 5 , 37 , 4 , in n o h 6 2 2 . 2 n n n 49, 4 , 4 , 43, 33, 3 , a Lacks 5 , but co tai s a , which is fou d ot er copies

S : P n ence in a nd . x a I . 6 n S o s x eri e cept B nd D . 2 is amo g the g of E p as copies B D ize 1 x in n 8 1 2 . n n o 4 cm Bou d co temporary citro mor cco , gilt , the sides covered with small

- in n n on n : SONG S o r i n n e n e . e . stars diamo d shaped compartme ts , with label spi e oc c , g h S h ’ Not i n g is k nown of th e early history of this volume . I t was sold at ot eby s 1 6 1 0 1 2 and w as ff Tre ask is in March 9 9 ( lot 7 , Dobell , afterwards o ered by g

5 6

’ Blake s Illuminated BOO/{S

x erience in n n a nd n . n h ale E p brow , gree , blue ora ge The former pai ted wit p water - n colour washes ; the latter heavily colour pri ted with some opaque pigmen t added . The

S on s n nocence n d in n t he Son s o x e ience k g of I pagi ate pe cil ; g f E p r pagi nated in in . n n : 2- 1 0 2 6 1 2 2 2 2 1 2 6 1 1 8 2 — 6 Arra geme t 5 , 9, , 7 , , 7 . , , 3, 53. 5 . . 3. 4 . , 4 , 34 3 . 54 . 1 8 1 1 6 1 2 H 20 2 1 2 8— 2 8 6 1 2 0 1 0 . 9, , 7 , 5 . , . : 3 , 3 , 33. 4 1 4 491 4 . 5 , 5 . 37 . 4 7 . 43, 4

d S : 1 8 x 1 1 8 a n 2 . 1 . un in old h an d Lacks , 39, 44 , 45 , 4 5 ize 3 5 cm Bo d alf calf,

' lettered on the spi n e : BLA KE s WOR K. ' ‘ ’

n d n . n on t he th e George Cumberla s copy , with his sig ature G Cumberla d verso of s o x e n h o fron tispiece of S ong f E p rience . Evide tly t is copy is n e of the separate issues of Son s o I n n ocence n an d an n o the g f , resembli g copies I J of that work , to which i c mplete copy h S on s x erience ff n of t e . Th e x n g of E p , di ere tly coloured , was afterwards added e perime t - n n in th e d b n in colour pri ti g used latter is parallele y copies G an d H . It came i to the

' o n H n and d his x S 1 1 2 p ssessio of e ry Burgess , was sol by e ecutors at otheby s , 7 April 9 9 8 S n h n of S n of ( lot 5 3, pe cer , I t passed t rough the ha ds crib ers New York a d n of S n in 1 8 n d n . 93 , was sol by them to Ediso Dick , Lake Forest , Illi ois crib ers n ff in 1 an d d nn n in S agai o ered it for sale 94 7 , it was sol through Ga o eptember of that

P n n n . . year for to aul Mello , Washi g to , D C

- N . n in 1 0 on 1 0 . o n . n plates leaves watermark Pri ted blue or gree Colour pri ted , — . f 1 n . n o 0 2 sometimes with water colour washes added No foliatio Co sists 3 , 3 , 3 , 37 ,

S : 1 8 x 1 2 . n n . 8 2 0 1 . 3 , 4 , 43, 4 7 , 5 , 5 ize cm U bou d ’ P of Son s o x erience in uaritch s ene a l a ta lo ue ossibly leaves from a copy g f E p Q G r C g , in - an d 1 8 n o . n n d n d 7 7 ( described as bou d half calf, colour pri te , arra ge

0 1 2 8 2 0 6 0 1 1 . n of 3 , 3 , 3 , 3 , 37 , 4 , 33, 5 , 4 , 4 , 49, 4 , 43, 4 7 , 5 After the subtractio some

n th e n of d and n n leaves it may have bee fragme t eight leaves , coloure u bou d (formerly ’ n h S 1 1 1 0 6 copy W) , sold with the Julia Mars all library at otheby s , July 9 4 ( lot 3 ,

uaritch an d n n . n n in Q , subseque tly broke up The prese t leaves , u iform paper , and of n an d size style colouri g , were acquired at various dates from various sources , w are n o in the pos session of Geoff rey Keyn es .

W of on . P 1 s on 1 . on n d 7 plate 7 leaves Porti s watermark J HATMAN , two leaves ri te - - in n or . n blue , gree yellow Colour pri ted , with some water colour washes added , 8 1 . n of 2 8 2 0 1 2 2 0 0 6 similar to G Co sists , 9, 3 , 3 , 3 , 4 , 3 , 43, 49, 33, 4 , 37 , 5 , 4 , 4 ,

' ° S n an No n . S : 1 x 1 . d in d d 1 . 2 5 , 4 7 foliatio ize 9 5 7 cm titche stai ed ragged rab n th e n n wrappers , probably origi al ; arra geme t may be as made by Blake , as part of the h o n n n e . stitchi g , through three stubs , is prese t , t ough leaf ( 33) is loose ‘ ’ h e o on s o S n in in k o . t f S The n ame R . ykes is writte n the wrapper This is copy g f

' x e ience R s n in S Nolle/rens a n d his imes 1 8 28 E p r described by ichard Thom o mith s T , ‘ ’ — n n n n - th e n ( ii , 47 5 7 ) as small octavo ; seve tee plates , i cludi g the title page , ( compositio Z S w h n in Biblio a h 1 2 1 . of t at copy was wro gly described the g r p y , 9 , copy ) old ith

' h n n S h 1 Ma 1 866 1 8 n in the Art i gto Library at ot eby s , 7 y ( lot , Pickeri g , Later ' n H e hcott n a nd h im S the possessio of . C . J p , of Cotti gham , sold by at otheby s , 2 0 1 8 8 d in n of th e December 94 (lot 9 , Lor Crawford , Now possessio Earl a of Crawford nd Balcarres . Songs of Innocence and of Experience

o No . n in n S a . nd I 54 plates n 54 leaves watermark Pri ted dark brow . imply brightly f i h n n n n n n n n a nd n . [P] pai ted a c armi g ma er, predomi ati g to es blue , yellow , pi k oliated — — 1 — — 6— 8 1 . n n : 2 1 1 1 0 2 2 2 1 2 2 1 1 2 by Blake 54 Arra geme t , , 3 5 , , 9 , 3, 9, 7 , 5 , , 4 , 5 , , 1 8 2 6 2 1 6— 1 20- 2 1 1 I 2 8— 8 1 0 0 1 , , 7 , 53, 54 , 7 , , 3, 4 : 33. 4 , 4 , 39, 4 , 5 , 5 , 43, 37 , 45 . — x BOLm 6 6 S : 1 1 . d 8 2 2 . 8 in h 49, 44 , 4 , 47 , 3 , 4 , 34 3 , 5 ize 5 3 cm purple clot with

ca . 1 8 0 . leather label , 3 of n n With the autographs H . W . Phillips , t he pai ter , to whom it is said to have bee ’ k o h e S S n 1 0 n and f t . 2 give by Bla e , Gerald Massey , poet old at otheby s , 3 Ju e 9 (lot 1 0 uaritch S in n uaritch in 1 0 an d n 4 , Q , till the possessio of Q 9 5 , subseque tly

h of . in R n x n o sold to George C . T omas , Philadelphia Listed a ose bach e hibitio catal gue , Now n 1 1 1 n o . and n d n . i December 9 , 7 4 , acquired from them by Harry Elki s Wi e er th H H S n 1 . e n n . 0 Harry Elki s Wide er Memorial Library of arvard ( ampso , 9 5 , copy )

h o P n in n . n J 54 plates n 54 leaves . No watermark . ri ted brow Lightly pai ted wit bright - — - 1 h s s . n . n n : 1 2 2 2 [ ] water colour was e , imilarly to copy M No foliatio Arra geme t 5 , 3, 1 1 2 1 8 8— 1 0 2 6— 1 6— 1 2 0 —2 1 2 2 6 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 — 1 9, 5 , 4 , , , 5 , 7 , 7 , 53, , 7 , , 3, 4 , , , 54 ; 9 3 , — PI . 8 8 2 0 2 0 8 6 2 1 6 . 2 4 , 3 , 44 , 4 , 4 , 5 , 3 , 34 3 , 47 , 37 , 5 , 49, 5 , 4 , 39, 45 from

h c x - S : 1 1 . an o n . ot er py loosely i serted ize 9 5 3 cm , provided with artificial plate marks , n n i o o R n d in . n n by putti g each pri t , amped , press with bla k plate Bou d m r cco , by iviere ,

before 1 88 0 . ’ I T ulk s n d . n Charles Augustus copy , probably obtai e by him direct from Blake 1 8 1 8 n n s of its n n s n Tulk le t the book to Coleridge , who wrote a lo g critici m co te t whe n ow in s n of R h I n 1 8 8 n he retur ed it ; the letter is n the posses io Lord othsc ild . 3 Tulk le t k n n th e s n th e o s in his n it to Garth Wil i so , who followed pre e t order of p em editio

P n in 1 8 . in 1 8 0 n published by William ickeri g 39 Bought 7 by James Bai , the book ’ of T ulk s n n in For in seller , from a member family the reside t Australia . a time the w- R d s n De S . n 1 00 an n posses io of mith , of Cambridge ebought by Bai about 9 , soo after R h his h in ss n of R i o s . n sold to Lord t child After deat the po essio Lady othschild , who 1 R R an n s n . n 933 gave it to her gr dso , the pre e t Lord othschild Give by Lord othschild in 1 949 to Profes sor An thon y Bl un t .

x hib. : 1 2 no . 6 ; n 1 n o . 1 . E 9 7 , 7 Natio al Book League , 947 , 93

1 1 w . n i . o 1 1 n n n d . K plates n leaves . No atermark Pri ted dark brow U coloure Foliated G in in k n n n in s : 28 2 [ ] by Blake , his umbers 9 [ bei g give brackets as follow 34— 36 ( 47 38 40 4 2 43 48 49 ( 5 1 ) Size : from

1 8 x 1 1 8 x 1 . n n an d in . 5 3 7 to 9 37 cm U bou d , matted , portfolio f o d ls . d n an n n . an an n Appare tly part i complete copy , lacki g pl 39 with p 53 54 amo g Son s o nnocen h t ce n ou e . the g f I , from whic the other plates were take to fill copy S ’ s 28 1 862 1 Toove . Pos ibly this was the copy sold at otheby s , April (lot 95 , y, £ 4 I n on of Toov e an d n ow h the possessi James y, , together with ot er plates from this book , i n f o in P n n . loose port lio , The ierpo t Morga Library

* L . P n d in wn . 54 plates on 54 leaves No watermark . ri te dark bro Lightly pai n ted with - — — 1 . an 6 s . n : 2 1 bright water colour wa hes Foliated by Blake 54 Arr geme t , , 3, 4 , 7 ,

5 9 8 -2 ' Blake s Illuminated Boo/cs

— — — — 1 2 1 0 1 2 2 2 2 2 6 1 6 1 20 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 8 2 2 8- 1 , 9 , 9, 3, 4 , 5 , , 7 , , , 3, 4 , 54 , , 7 ; 3 , — . 6 2 0 8 2 2 0 1 8 6 I SIZ C 34 3 ? 4 , 4 , 339 4 , 3 1 37 1 5 , 45 1 4 7 1 44 , 5 , 4 , 39, 3 , 49, 4 , S , 43, 5 3.

- ~ - 1 x l 2 . n in n n n n 7 5 5 cm Bou d co temporary gree straight grai morocco , gilt , pi k d - en . e papers , g . On the n th e n S O - 1 . n fi the verso of first fro tispiece are i itials J , dated 7 99 a y leaf is

n n . in n the partially erased ame of He ry Little Later t he possessio of Alfred G . Gray , ’ and S h 1 1 2 6 6 1 S en c sold for him at ot eby s , 5 December 9 (lot 3, p cer , A quired

C o la nd t h a nd h h rt . is n n by F Bis op , sold wit library at America Art Associatio , 5 April 1 8 2 S h n in n n an d 93 (lot 7 9, essler , T e the collectio of Mo cure Biddle , sold h n n n n n n . . t rough Ga o to Paul Mello , Washi gto , D C x ib h h . : P 1 n o . E hiladelp ia , 939, 49.

on . n in d a . n nd n 54 plates 54 leaves No watermark Pri ted ark brow black . Pai ted — h and crudely with flat water colour washes , c iefly yellow blue , possibly by Mrs Blake . — in i k n 6— — 1 n . n : 1 2 8 1 2 0 2 1 1 1 8 1 1 2 Foliated 54 Arra geme t , 3, , 4 , , 7 , 5 , , 9, , 3, 4 , 7 , — 1 0 2 6 1 1 2 2— 2 2 2 1 6— 1 1 2 2 8— 2 2 1 2 0 1 9 , , , 54 , 5 , 3, 4 , 5 , 7 , ; 3 , 49, 4 , 4 , 39, 5 , 44 , 5 , 5 ,

— 6 6 S x 8 8 0 . : 1 1 2 2 . n in 37 , 4 7 , 34 3 , 3 , 4 , 45 , 4 , 4 , 53, 43, 33 ize 9 3 cm Bou d red

n . e . R . leva t morocco , g , by iviere

’ ’ P Sir Tit e s S 1 1 8 2 2 P n robably William copy , sold at otheby s , 9 May 7 4 (lot 9 , earso ,

’ ’ in G aisford s n h s - h G i . S aisford s Later Thomas collectio , with book plate old wit

’ S 2 A ril 1 8 0 1 8 R n h n x an library at otheby s , 3 p 9 (lot 7 , obso , T e acquired by Ale der

' ’ ‘ a nd h 26 1 2 1 lot S Mackay , after his widow s death sold at C ristie s , April 9 ( 4 , hoe ’ h n d P b . n a n n bridge , urchased through Gabriel Wells y C au cey B Ti ker , give w I n n n th e n Ne n . n by him to Yale U iversity Library , Have co tradictio to prese t n n n P n on 2 6 1 t editors , the late Laure ce Bi yo wrote to rofessor Ti ker July 939 hat he ‘ ’ w ’ saw n o reason to doubt that the colourin g is by Blake s o n han d .

R n w d . No . P n in 2 5 plates on 2 5 leaves . watermark ri te black ichly pai ted ith water

S on s x erience n b 0— n n an d . colours gold g of E p o ly , foliated y Blake 3 54. Arra geme t 2 — 2 8 2 0 1 — 6 1 0 2 6 8 9 3 , 37 , 49, 4 , 4 , 4 , 39, 4 7 . 5 , 34 3 , 44 . 4 , 43, 5 , 5 , 4 , 45 , 33, 3 , 53

in n n . e . ls an d . S : 1 x 1 6 . n . 2 8 Lacks p 34 ize 9 7 3 cm Bou d moder maroo morocco , g ’ H I n uaritch s enera l a ta lo ue 1 8 n o . 1 Q G C g , 7 7 ( 97 4 , Acquired by owell

’ n an d his S h 1 1 1 8 Wills , of Flore ce , sold with books from library at ot eby s , July 94

2 uaritch in n R H oe a nd th e ( lot 9 , Q , Later the possessio of obert , sold with ’ S h n n 2 1 1 1 2 . . first part of his library at A derso s , 5 April 9 ( lot 39 , G D mi t , S n 1 0 S n n . in H n . H n n n an Now the e ry E u ti gto Library , Mari o , Califor ia ( ampso , 9 5 ,

n n n n . copy V , arra geme t give i accurately )

h 1 n o . x ib. : 0 . E Grolier Club , 9 5 , 9

Son s n nocence n in - n O No . 56 plates on 56 leaves . watermark g of I pri ted dark red brow n n n [v] Song s of Experience in dark brow . The former u coloured ; the latter brightly pai ted - - h c a nd n n . wit clear water olour washes , yellow blue grey predomi ati g Foliated by — — — 6— 1 1 1 — 1 2 2 1 2 and 1 2 . n n : 1 1 2 1 Blake 9 7 respectively Arra geme t 5 , , 9, 7 , , 5 7 , 5 , 7 ,

6 0 Songs of Innocence and of Experience

2 2 2— 2 1 8 8 2 6 1 — 1 — 1 0 20— 2 1 1 2 8— 2 8 — 6 2 8 4 , 54 , 3, , 53, , , 3 4 , 9 , ; , 3 , 3 , 34 3 , 4 , 4 , 37 ,

6 — 0 1 1 S S n o I n n ocen e 1 8 x 1 0 2 . o s c : 44 , 39, 4 , 43, 49 5 , 4 , 4 7 , 45 , 5 , 4 , 33, 54 , 5 ize , g f 3 to

: - ° 1 Son x c Th e S on s o x e ience 4 cm g s of Experience : 1 9 5 to 2 0 5 1 3 5 to 1 4 m . g f E p r n in - on e n n ow n n an d formerly sew blue grey wrappers , of which remai s ; both u bou d i n x . matted , two half blue morocco bo es

’ ‘ An n Flax m a n s n x n on the Mrs a copy , with the sig ature Mrs Fla ma April

‘ ’ ~ lax m a o - the Son s n nocence an d . n n first title page of g of I , A F the first title page of ’ S on s x i n Fla x m an s n n E erience . x n the g of p Ne t the possessio of Mrs sister , Miss De ma , k R n . to whom uski n wrote a letter about it . (The letter still accompa ies the boo ) S ’ h Dem n an h 2 6 1 88 . old at the sale , C ristie s , February 3 Acq uired shortly t ereafter R . H h . n an d is by E W ooper , of Bosto , bequeathed by him to daughter , Mrs oger

r S . n in 1 1 in h e th e H . War er , who 94 gave it memory of father to arvard College Library n n n on e s h The irregular co stitutio of this copy , with o ly eries coloured , is per aps to be e x plai n ed by the fact that Mrs Flax m an already possessed a n early coloured copy of S on s o ff n s n in the g f In nocence (Copy C) . The di ere t form of sig ature the two series n d Son s o x erience a nd in 1 8 1 suggest that she afterwards obtai ed the coloure g f E p , 7 d n o k n ot complete it with th e uncoloured So g s f Innocence . That Bla e did supply them - in at the same time is shown by the presen ce of the gen eral title page a nd pl . 54 each fif - Th n n t s ix an . e series , so that the total umber of plates is y , two more th usual prese ce f o . in Son s o E x erience n n n n ot pl 54 , without pl . 53, the g f p is u usual , this arra geme t n n in an and of 1 800 n bei g fou d y other copy , suggests a date about , whe Blake was n x wo appare tly e perimen tin g with the order of those t plates .

x hi b an d 1 b. : on n 1 8 0 n os . 1 E Bost Museum of Fi e Arts , 9 , 5 ; Philadelphia , 939,

n o . Son s ( E x erien 47 ( g j p ce on ly) .

- o BU W i n . TTA NSH A 1 8 . P n n 54 plates n 54 leaves . Watermark 02 ri ted olive brow n - n n h n in Elaborately pai ted with light water colour washes , some outli es stre gt e ed in k - — — — . 1 2 8 an d 1 2 . n n : 2 1 2 1 0 2 Foliated by Blake 5 Arra geme t , , 3, 4 7 , 5 , 9 , 7 , 2 2— 2 1 1 2 8 1 1 8 20— 2 1 26 1 6— 1 1 1 2 1 1 2 8— 1 8 2 0 3, 5 , 53, 54 , , , 9, , , , 7 , , 4 , 3, 4 ; 3 , 4 , 4 , 4 , — O l in 2 6 8 1 0 2 6 1 . n 2 3 , 34 3 , 49, 39, 33, 4 7 , 3 , 5 , 5 , 5 , 43, 4 , 45 , 37 , 4 , 44 p 4 , the

‘ ’ h n of th e h a n Th e th e n fourt li e t ird st za of Tyger , Blake has erased first questio mark a nd t wo n s an d h as o s in in k the followi g word , added two w rd , so that

‘ ’ Wh at dread han d ? 81 what dread feet ? n ow reads , ‘ ’ What dread han d Form d thy dread feet ?

- S x wo in old n : 1 8 6 . n d in t s ize 3 9 cm Bou volume red straight grai morocco , with

’ n : B K SONG S . e . end ; gilt fillets rou d the sides , g , marbled papers backs lettered LA E S

v oL. 1

’ i of H rot t E v an s s 0 1 8 8 n . . an 2 Formerly the library P A , sold at , July 33 (lot 93, h The a tes o £ 2 . n n n h Thorp , The bi di g of these volumes is ide tical wit t at of G f

Paradise in n of Ch . . also sold at the H an rot t sale . Later the possessio the family of E ’ of S n h was S 0 1 1 6 2 Willis , pri gfield , Esher , for w om it sold at otheby s , 3 July 93 (lot 4 ,

6 1 ’ Blake s Illuminated Books

u aritch Now in n n of Q , the possessio of Mrs William Emerso , Cambridge ,

Mass .

x hib : P 1 n o . 8 . E hiladelphia , 939, . 4

W d on . H A TMA N 1 8 o in S on s o n noce nce an 54 plates 54 leaves Watermarks [J l [ ] 4 g f I , BUTT A NS H A W 1 in S on s o E x e e e Th e n n - wn 80 2 i nc . in i g f p r former pr ted ora ge bro , the

The Son s ( I n n e h s on in n . oc nce n e x a latter dark brow g J u colour d , e cept t at det il most

n n in a nd n h h as n e plates have bee delicately outli ed sepia , a light brow was bee add d on S on s o x erience -c a h fl n and a few ; the g f E p with water olour w s es , chie y brow sepia , d — — — 6— in . d n n : 2 an 1 28 an 1 26 . a few cases blue Foliated by Blake Arra geme t 4 , 7 , 1 1 2 2— 2 1 2 1 2 6 8— 1 0 1 6—1 2 1 8 1 1 20 5 , , 3, , 54 , 5 , , , 7 , 7 , , 3, 4 ,

S : 1 8 x 1 2 . n in u in n l ize 5 cm Bou d two vol mes co temporary ha f calf, with watermark 1 0 - 1 8 0 11 on e fly leaf. in n n St H x an d n Formerly the possessio of Pri cipal Chase , of Mary all , O ford , give 1 8 6 x n n on fl - of by him about 3 to Ale a der Macmilla , whose autograph is the y leaf each n h n volume . They were i herited by his daug ter , Mrs Lewis Dyer . The set came i to the n \V e h e Ne w who h S nn of possessio of y of York , gave it to his daug ter , Mrs eth De is ,

e st ort nn . W p , Co ecticut

’

Vfi a m ark s 1 d o e 1 808 . on . ter 1 an n on 54 plates 54 leaves TAYLOR 7 94 , , leaf, J W HATMAN n in s - n d - Pri ted variou shades of grey green . Brightly pai te wi th water colours ; three n in - nn b d n n . n or more frami g li es sepia arou d each plate Ge eral title page u um ere , h — — — 1 2 2— 2 1 2 8 an d 1 2 . n n : 1 2 the ot er plates foliated by Blake 5 Arra geme t , 53, 5 , 54 ,

— 1 S x one fl - 6 2 0 . in 2 2 2 8 : 0 2 1 . un , 7 ; 49, 5 , 5 , 5 ize 3 5 cm Bo d white vellum , y leaf with watermark dated 1 8 24 .

of S on s c n nocence n o an d The earlier plates the g f I were certai ly c loured by Blake , possibly most of them ; but the S ong s of Experience are of in ferior quality and were ’ n n n possibly by Mrs Blake . Bought from Blake on 2 7 August 1 8 1 9 by Joh Li ell ; Blake s

t s d h n r r . l . 6 . fo h in t e receipt of his date for £ 1 . g paid r t is book is Yale U iversity Lib a y nn l Given by Li nn ell to his s on William on 2 8 April 1 863 . From William Li el it h e d in 1 0 H . R passed to his daughter , the late Mrs T . iches , by w om it was b queathe 95

t o S n 1 0 . the Fitzwilliam Museum , Cambridge . ( ampso , 9 5 , copy L )

Son s o n nocence n ed in 54 plates on 54 leaves . Watermark J W HATMAN 1 808 . g f I pri t - Son s o x e ience w n w w c . grey ; g f E p r in dark bro n . Very lightly ti ted ith ater olours The — n - tum u m b e red t he t in t w o s 1 2 ge eral title page , o her plates foliated by Blake eries , 5 d 1 — w h 1 Son s an 2 8 t e Son s o x erience und . , ith g f E p misbo after pl before t he g of — n n ocen — 0 1 8 6 ce . n n : 1 28 2 8 2 , , , , , 4 3 , I Arra geme t , 3 , 3 , 4 , 37 , 49, 45 , 33, 43 47 5 4 4 3 — — d in old 6 1 S : 1 x 1 2 . un 0 2 2 2 1 2 2 2 2 6 2 . 4 , 44 , 39, 4 , 5 , 5 ; , 53, 5 , 54 , , 7 ize 9 5 cm Bo n ed ca . 1 8 0 n of n calf, 3 , a sheet of brow paper, possibly part the origi al wrappers , i sert n betwee the two series .

’ S 1 8 0 lot 1 1 In Probably the copy sold at otheby s , 7 August 9 ( 3 7 , Maggs , in th e n in h . 1 0 n n R . 9 5 the possessio of Mrs Jo Wade , of New York Later collectio

6 9 Songs of Innocence and of Experience

' of h an d An n 8 1 2 2 Beverly C ew , sold with his books , derso s , December 9 4 (lot 9,

R n in the n of olm n nn Oh . ose bach , Now collectio J J . Emery , of Ci ci ati , io

S n 1 0 . ( ampso , 9 5 , copy K ) hi h h x P 1 n o . . b. : 2 E iladelp ia , 939, 4

- o n in n . 38 plates n 38 leaves . Watermark RUSE TURNERS Pri ted red brow n - n n n n Pai ted with water colours ; each plate withi two frami g li es . Origi ally foliated — 8 0— A an n ls . 1 . o 6 1 2 2 8 2 by Blake 54 rr ged as ab ve , but lacki g p , 7 , 9, 4 , , 3 , 33, 3 , 4 43, — 1 . b n ls . 6 1 2 on 47 , 49 5 The copy completed y the additio of p , 7 , 9, 4 two leaves , - n in n d Sim le . w ate r and nn an d pri ted sepia , pai te with very p colours , u umbered ; of — — ls . 2 8 2 8 0 1 on n p , 3 , 33, 3 , 4 43, 47 , 49 5 twelve leaves , somewhat u successfully colour d m b x n S : 1 1 . n in . pri ted an um m ered . ize 8 5 2 cm Bou d morocco

R n 1 S . in 1 8 6 P n . S 0 Acquired 5 by the British Museum ri t oom ( ampso , 9 5 , copy )

- s 81 1 . n in n . 54 plate on 54 leaves . Watermark RUSE TURNERS 1 8 5 Pri ted red brow an d an n h - o s an d n n Elaborately brilli tly pai ted wit water c lour opaque pigme ts , heighte ed — h 1 . wit Silver and gold ; each plate with in a sin gle frami n g li n e . Foliated by Blake 54

A n . x in n . . S : 2 2 1 . n rra ged as above ize 4 cm Bou d gree morocco , gilt , by C Lewis in ss s s on of o s and his in Formerly the po e i Th ma Edwards , sold with library May ‘ 1 8 2 8 On the fly—leaf is the pen cil n ote Ed wards May Later in ’ ’ n an d H n s S s 1 88 2 William Beckford s collectio , sold at the amilto Palace ale , otheby , 4 July

’

1 uaritch f in uaritch s General Cata lo ue 1 88 n o . 1 0 2 0 (lot 95 , Q , Of ered Q g , 3 ( 5 ,

uaritch for in 1 8 . Used by Q his facsimile , published 93 Acquired by William - h b A . n d 2 1 8 on fl . White , whose sig ature ated 3 October 95 is a y leaf Bequeat ed y him

H h S n 1 0 . to his daughter , Mrs ugh D . Mars all . ( ampso , 9 5 , copy N ) h x i . b : 1 n Ph 1 o . . 0 o . n E Grolier Club , 9 5 , 7 ; iladelphia , 939, 43

in h . n on s . 1 8 1 8 on n 54 plates 54 leave Watermark J WHATMAN , t irtee leaves Pri ted n - h - n th e n n . n c ora ge brow Delicately pai ted with brig t water olours , ma y of desig s n in ink h n d 1 — outli ed ; with wide was borders in various pale to es . Foliate by Blake 54 1 in in k in n h he x : 1 — 6— 8 2 — 1 0 . n n t MS. n black Arra geme t , accorda ce wit i de 4 , , 5 , 5 , 9 , 1 2 2- 2 1 6—1 2 1 1 1 1 2 1 8 20— 2 1 2 6 2 1 — 1 2 8— 1 8 0 2 — 6 5 , 3, 7 , 4 , 9, , , , , , 7 , 3 4 ; 3 , 3 , 4 , 4 , 34 3 , - 2 1 2 0 8 6 1 S : 2 b 2 6 8 c m 3 , 45 , 33, 49, 4 , 39, 5 , 54 , 43, 44 , 5 , 4 , 53, 4 , 5 , 37 , 47 ize 33 y

- n in ca . 1 860 an d end on Bou d half russia , , with marbled paper sides papers , lettered ’ n B K G n in the spi e LA E S SON S ; e closed calf case . n n R n n Origi ally in the posses s ion of Thomas Butts . The acquired by ichard Mo ckto S n s d H n an d o h im d t o son th e of . Mil e , Lor oughto , fr m passe his , Earl Crewe old

1 h n x n on - of and w as n n h h T is i de is writte a double leaf q uarto size , o ce bou d up wit ot er mis ’ cellan eous k in n n n nn n h Li e o Blal e h America Bla e items a volume co tai i g Cu i g am s f f (for istory , see ,

. h h h h n x the end his n proofs) William Muir publis ed a lit ograp ic facsimile of t e MS . i de at of editio of The M ia e o e e H av n a n d ell . x arr H . Th e n n the MS n g f volume , i cludi g i de , was acq uired by r w - . S h J . ho k an d the n x h his n k m , George C mit , , bro e it up i de was sold wit collectio at Par e Be et 8 lot R h R n 2 1 1 8 n in the e n . n November 93 ( , ose bac , Now L ssi g J ose wald Collectio , Library of n h n n . . Co gress , Was i gto , D C

6 3 ' Bla /f e s Illuminated Books

’ S 0 r h 1 0 lot 1 ua ritc h N x by him at otheby s , 3 Ma c 9 3 ( , Q , e t acquired by

’ Sir rn n n an d h n S h 1 1 6 Alge o Methue , sold wit his collectio at ot eby s , 9 February 93

R o w n N in n of n n . rn of ( lot 499, ose bach , the possessio Mrs La do K Tho e , S . n 1 0 . New York ( ampso , 9 5 , copy M ) x hib o h n . 6 . . : 1 2 n o . 1 E 9 7 , 7 7 ; P iladelphia , 939, 4

o n a d e 1 1 8 . n d in . 1 8 2 n on 8 54 plates 54 leaves Watermark J WH ATMAN 5 , leaf Pri te red - n -c - brow n . Elaborately pai ted with water olours an d gold ; a Simple water colour — n 1 . border has bee added to each plate , possibly by Mrs Blake . Foliated by Blake 54

n S x . . in . e . . : 2 8 2 2 . n Arra ged as above ize 5 cm Bou d morocco , g , by F Bedford ‘ n h h as in h e r n Accordi g to Gilc rist , Mrs Blake described t is copy , estimatio , ’ w ’ S d in o an M . especially precious from havi n g been Blake s o n . Lai lo se is early copy of a n on sen se rhyme as follows :

’ M R B LA R E S N UR S E R Y R H Y M E in The sow came with the saddle ,

The little pig rocked the cradle , ’ Th e dish j umped 0 top of the table as To see the br s pot swallow the ladle . The old pot beh in d the d oor

Called the kettle a blackamoor . ‘ ’ ‘ ’ n n ou ? Odd bobbs said the gridiro , ca t y agree ’ ’

n n . I m the head co stable , bri g them to me

There seems to be n o reason for doubti n g that this rhyme w as at some time recited by

th e n h d n his n an n nn . Blake for amuseme t of c il re of acquai t ce , possibly the you g Li ells wn of a nd n . . I t was Stated by Gilchrist , co firmed by Miss L M Forster , a former o er

h n b n of in n t is copy , that it was se t y Mrs Blake to Dr Joh Jebb , Bishop Limerick , retur n n d for a prese t of twen ty gui n eas sen t through H avila nd Burke . This is de ie by w s b . S a . Li e o Lin nell who h th e y A T tory (see his f f , i , states t at book bought the w th e n n of ob a nd zekiel a nd n an Bishop together ith large e gravi gs j E , two drawi gs , as n n a n n th e n n n n ordi ary busi ess tr sactio , mo ey bei g se t after the works had bee received he H n t . n Bisli o n n by Bishop Give by p Jebb to the Misses Thor to , daughters of e ry h an d so MP T v . n n h th e Re . . e n T or to , you gest , Laura , married C Forster , the book

n . . n . h is came i to his possessio At death it was left to his daughter , Miss L M Forster ,

wh o in 1 S n 1 0 . 0 n . . . 9 4 gave it to her ephew , E M Forster ( ampso , 9 5 , copy T ) h x ib. : and 1 1 n o . 0 . E Victoria Albert Museum , 95 , 4 9

‘ P ed in ! on \V W 2 on n . n . at erm ark 1 8 54 plates 54 leaves J HATMAN 5 , thirtee leaves ri t - n an n n in k n n . [P] varyi g shades of or ge brow , with si gle frami g li es of the same colour a nd n - a nd n Elaborately very beautifully pai ted with rich water colours some gold , ma y — n n i k in 1 . a n o . of t he desig s outli ed n in . Foliated red by Blake 54 Arr ged as ab ve S : 2 6 x n on ize 5 2 0 cm . Origi n all y bou n d in green calico ; later mou ted larger sheets

an d n in in n m orooc o b R . bou d half morocco ; recen tly rebou nd red leva t , gilt , y iviere

6 4

Blake ’ s Illuminated Books

’ ‘ h 1 th 1 8 6 R S O 0 n n . n a as Marc 1 3 . 3 ussell quare Lo do ther otes re follows : Given

n n in of n 6 an d to F W Burto by Mrs Edwi Field memory her husba d . Oct . , ‘ Sir n n n be h n n . a x Directed by my u cle , Frederic Burto ( whe dyi g) to give to C as F irfa ’ s 6 . . S o . . n . t r f x Murray E q 2 0 1 900 H . B . Burto old wi h pa t the Fairfa Mu rray library ' S t 1 1 8 S n in t he n of at o heby s , 7 July 9 9 ( lot , abi , Afterwards possessio Judge

' V\ s f n his o a illi . o b nd l c n E Vickery , Clevela d who added bo k la el , sold with his co le tio ’ n - n n 1 r 1 1 6 R n a h n at America Art A derso s , Ma ch 933 ( lot , ose b c , The acq uired h is - an d h R a h an . n the e n by Fr k B Bemis , with book plate , sold t rough ose b c to L ssi g

R n c n n a h n n J . ose wald Colle tio , Library of Co gress , W s i gto . E x hib o : 1 n . . . Philadelphia , 939, 45

- AA on . n ot . n in n 54 plates 54 leaves Watermark visible Pri ted ora ge red . Elaborately n - - [R] an d splen didly pai ted with water c olours ; each plate withi n oran ge red frami n g l ines . — o - an . S f n : . x Foliated by Blake 1 54 . Arr ged as above ize origi al leaves 1 8 1 to 1 3 0 cm - w . d o 1 1 0 in 1 8 . an n n o n d n 5 5 to 4 cm , a few leaves be g 7 cm high quite arrow ; mou te

and n in . larger leaves , bou d red cloth n nn of Bought from Blake , through Joh Li ell , by Mrs Eliza Aders , the daughter R S h n an d of h n who aphael mit , the e graver , wife C arles Aders , a frie d of Lamb , was

n nn . n 2 i troduced to Blake by Li ell The receipt for five gui eas for this copy , dated 9 July ,

- 1 8 2 6 n nn in n . , is amo g the Blake Li ell papers Yale U iversity Library Afterwards n n or an d n n s on bought by Li ell from Mr Mrs Aders , subseque tly give to his , as appears ‘ an n n on fl - : n nn hn nn l from i scriptio the y leaf Give to James Thomas Li ell , by Jo Li e l ,

’

Se n r . 2 8 S nn n 1 1 1 8 , April , old with the Li ell collectio at Christie s , 5 March 9 lo 1 x t 2 n . H . R an d n ( 5 , Carfa , The bought by T iches , give by him to the

Fitzwilliam Museum , Cambridge . h ib. : 1 n o . x 2 8 . E 9 7 , 7

Un iden tifi ed copies]

* ’ ‘ ’ BB A S t 1 n 1 8 0 as h an a S n 55 plates . copy sold at o heby s , 3 Ja uary 3 Blake s P t sies , o gs of

’ nn n an d x n on wn an 1 n n I oce ce E perie ce 55 plates , bro calf, eleg t , very rare ( lot 4 , Gly , nn of This ca ot be iden tified wi th an y the above .

of n d n n n in t w o n n n n CC A series u coloure pri ts , co tai ed frames , was le t to the Burli gto Fi e [Y] Arts Club E x hibition in 1 8 7 6 ( items 2 7 5 an d Possibly t o be iden tified with the T oov e w y copy ( n o K an d e) .

[Posthumous copies]

W s — a m a k 2 . Pl . 1 0 54 plates on 54 leaves . te r r J WHATMAN 1 83 1 or 1 83 4 and 4 2 pri n ted in on a n n s — ls . 1 nd in on l . grey thick paper ; p 4 , 43 44 dark grey thi er paper ; p 45 54

‘

in n on thirm e r n . 1 n n light brow paper . U coloured . Lacks pl 5 , but i cludes A Divi e ’ ’ - 01 m ak e s s . . 1 2 8 c an n r S : I mage ( pl b) . pl . be see traces of the plate stamp ize from

8 x 0 . x 2 2 n . cm to 245 1 9 cm . Bou d in morocco S n 1 86 t h e R n R . n 1 0 Acq uired 7 Ja uary 4 by British Museum eadi g oom ( ampso , 9 5 ,

copy ! . )

6 6 Songs of Innocence and of Experience

- U on . 1 8 1 . n n h 54 plates 54 leaves Watermark J WHATMAN 3 Pri ted i red brown . — — ’ n of ls . 1 can o coloured . Co sists p 54 . The plate maker s stamp be seen n several

S : x - . d in n ca . 1 1 8 2 1 . n n 8 plates ize 45 cm Bou gree seal grai morocco , gilt, 35 , with

B . n t he . the mon ogram H . i the cen tre of cover n on the of H nn o n n of The mo ogram cover is probably that a ah B ddi gto , sister the - ff n n t he . Comtesse de Mo tebello , whose book plate is i side cover O ered for sale by

in 1 1 0 . 2 n o . 1 £ 1 . . . and Maggs 9 (cat 55 , 5 3, 5 Later acquired by W E Moss , ’ n S 2 h 1 1 uaritch n in sold with his collectio , otheby s , Marc 937 (lot 45 , Q , The

n of H and n b in 1 1 H . the collectio Philip ofer, give y him 94 to the arvard College Library

hib. x : 1 n o . 1 . E Philadelphia , 939, 5

c - U 1 8 1 . P n d in red n . n 54 plates on 54 leaves . Watermark J WHATMAN 3 ri te brow ‘ ’

S : 1 8 x 1 . . . 2 n n . . coloured Lacks pl 5 , but i cludes A Divi e Image (pl b) ize 5 cm i n n . e . Bou d red morocco , g - in of S n n an d n n . Formerly the library amuel Boddi gto , co tai s his book plate Afterwards

o d in 1 1 . Re v . Sto ford . o n t 8 t he property of the p A Br oke , but sol with his library 9

Not traced .

d in . n . 2 on 1 8 1 . n 4 plates 4 2 leaves . Watermark J WHATMAN 3 Pri ted sepia U coloured — — — — n S 1 x 1 1 . n 6 6 8 6 2 . : 8 ls . 1 1 1 2 Co sists of p 4 , 9, 33 3 , 3 43, 4 , 49, 5 , 53 ize cm Bou d

’ in h n n n t e So s 1 8 . russia , together with Pickeri g s editio of g , 39 ‘ ’ On the - is of S d S h title page the autograph Wm Odell Elwell ol at ot eby s , 1 6 k 6 ff T ask s o e 1 0 1 Tre as is . and re i in n March 9 9 (lot 45 , g , £ was o ered by g of s his catalogues shortly afterwards ( 36 gui n ea s) . Thi may be the same copy (formerly

e ff f or b i 1 1 1 n . an n n n . 2 2 ) , of ide tical ature , o ered sale y Maggs 9 4 (cat 3 5 , gui eas) ’ C 1 d S 1 0 . . . an his 2 Acquired by W E Moss , sold with library at otheby s , March 937

1 6 an d n ow in n . (lot 4 , Maggs , Traded to America the Yale U iversity Library

e i o W at erm ark on n . n n 53 plates n 53 leaves . J WHATMAN thirtee leaves Pri ted ’ - 1 1 n an n n n n . [ ] various Shades of brow , r gi g from dark brow to ora ge brow The plate maker s - c in s and . an o . n stamp be seen n pl 2 9. Pai ted posthumously bright water colour gold

’ n t n in ink h is n n n in Thirtee leaves wi h Blake s foliatio , umbers bei g give brackets 30—32 ( 32 33 37 4 I 44 45 46 47 5 0

° ' in 1 . S : 1 x 1 . n 5 5 2 Lacks pl 53 . ize 9 2 3 3 cm Formerly bou d yellow w n o n un in f . morocco , u bo d , matted , port olio

n n on e n n n Made up from two i complete u coloured copies , co sisti g of thirtee leaves , n in wn an d an and n all pri ted dark bro without y watermark umbered by Blake , formerly All an d n of th e n n . part of Copy K , the other posthumous impressio s remai i g plates th e in n of plates were similarly coloured afterwards . Formerly the possessio James T oo Toove i 1 8 ve n n an d son . n y, the Lo do bookseller , bought from his , Charles J y, 99, Now h h i . n n . t n by J Pierpo t Morga , toget er wit o her plates from this book , loose

t in n an . por folio , The Pierpo t Morg Library

1 The k n ot f on an n th e n to in watermar is ully visible y si gle plate , but remai s would seem dicate h th e h h t at date is 1 83 1 as in ot er post umous copies .

6 7 ’ Blake s Illuminated Boo/rs

- on . n d in n . f 54 plates 54 leaves Watermark J WHATMAN 1 83 1 . Pri te red brow The first - n c b t he n e . seve plates touched with water olours , possibly y Mrs Blake ; rest u colour d — h d in n . n ls S x 6 n n c t . : 1 8 1 . i Foliate pe cil Co sists of p 1 54 . ize 5 5 cm Bou d bla k s raig t

n n in . e . e n 1 86 . grai morocco , with i laid borders red , g , by L ighto , 9 n - A n on fl - I side the cover is the book plate of Frederick Coll in s Wilson . ote the y leaf

’ t S S c e n 1 8 6 . 1 8 s ates that a former ow er had dated the book 3 old at otheby s , De emb r

1 1 S n Not d . 9 9 (lot 447 , abi , trace

8 1 . P n n U 2 on . 1 n 3 plates 2 3 leaves Watermark J WH ATMAN 3 ri ted i grey or sepia .

S on s o n nocence n . S : x . n . 2 1 . coloured g f I o ly ize probably about 4 5 9 5 cm , u cut o d nd in n R n n n n an . Mou ted li e guards , bou maroo morocco , by iviere This a nd the n e x t t wo copies formed together a pile of loo se leaves which were — in n H . x n n n formerly the collectio of Bu to Forma . The prese t volume with his book plate ’ was n n 1 1 20 1 R n h sold with his library at A derso s , 5 March 9 (lot 5 , ose bac , d - d . n an n m 1 Acquire by A Edward Newto , sold with his collectio at Parke Be et , 7 April So S n 1 1 1 S s d . . 94 (lot 59, e sler , l by essler to K oedler Not traced

1 8 on 1 8 . 1 8 1 on . n d in plates leaves Watermark J WHATMA N 3 , four leaves Pri te grey - i n n . n . Son s o x x . n e ience nl e cept for pl 44 which is ora ge brow U coloured g f E p r o y , - 18 8 2 1 8 2 — 6 1 2 6 S : 2 x I c m . 2 P , 9, 3 . 3 . 4 , 34 3 . 33, 49, 4 , 39, 5 , 54 . 43. 44 . 53, 4 ize 4 5 9 4 .

‘ d m aroo R n . n on n n an un in n . u cut Mou ted li e guards , bo d morocco , by iviere

' S th e x n an An n 1 1 Se e . r 20 above old with Bu to Form library at derso s , 5 Ma ch 9 A R a d 2 R n . . n n ( lot 5 , ose bach , cquired by B Adam , resold wi th his collectio at ’ An n 1 1 2 6 6 R n n and derso s , 5 February 9 (lot 3 , ose bach , With Forma Adam book

w R n d n n h n No in n . n plates . the Lessi g J ose wal Collectio , Library of Co gress , Was i gto ,

D . C .

1 . P n d i or . 57 plates on 57 leaves . Watermark J WHATMAN 832 ri te n black sepia Three - Th e n - and plates coloured with water colours an d gold . ge eral title page some oth er S n n on n n an d n in d . plates uplicate ize give as The leaves mou ted li e guards , bou d

in n R . maroo morocco , by iviere 1 h H x n n 4 o in t e n . and an d F rmerly collectio of Bu to Forma , together with copies g g , ’ R h d An s n 1 1 2 0 n . sol with his library at der o s , 5 March 9 ( lot 53, ose bac , Not traced

P n on . 1 8 1 . in 44 plates 44 leaves Watermark J WHATMAN 3 ri ted grey , some plates

d S : x . n . 2 2 0 in . very pale . U coloure ize 4 5 cm Loose , morocco case ’ H n ff S S 26 1 862 1 . un old at otheby s , April (lot 95 , £ 4 Acquired by e ry C li e , - h h ff and n t e n u n . bequeathed by him to his great ep ew , prese t Lord C li e

on . 1 8 1 on 1 . n d in red 54 plates 54 leaves Watermark J WHATMAN 3 , 3 leaves Pri te - in 1 — a d 1 — n . 2 n 2 . n s s s brown . Pai ted with water colour washes Foliated red 7 7 Co i t - — x d S : 1 8 2 8 . n 8 vo an n . ls . 1 . 2 n in of p 54 ize 5 to 5 cm , i laid to large , i terleaved Bou d

- t wo n n n . e . n on volumes , co temporary gree Straight grai morocco , gilt , g , the letteri g

the Spi n e more recen t t han the bi n di n g .

6 8

T H E R S T O O K of UR I Z E N LA M E T H r n te F I B | B . P i d by Will e 1 Blak 7 94 .

Colo hon : The E n d of the rs t oo of Uriz p fi b k en .

D E S C R I PT I O N ludium 1 — - 1 l . The Fi st OO/t o Pre l. B Urizen chs . x s i i 1 6 l . Title , p , , p , r f , , p , full page - ls . n 1 o 2 8 1 6 x 1 1 . n n illustratio s , p plates , about cm , relief etchi g , pai ted with water colours

or n in n s . x pri ted opaque pigme t The te t is etched in double column s .

C O N T E N T S - The Fi st Book 1 . . Urizen an d . n and ed Title page r , etc , with flowi g hair beard eyes clos , crouches in fron t of the tables of the Law un der an archin g leafless tree ; in each h an d h e hold s en n in on r on a p with which he is writi g a book placed either Side of him , while his feet est h an ot er Open before him .

’ Preludium to the Fi st o/1 m a s um d w . o n n : O the i ev l Prie ts ass o er . 2 r B of Urize . Begi s f pr p E n ith arm on floats in space holdi n g the i n fan t Orc by th e han d as flames rise up arou nd the x te t below .

Cha - — . 6 a n ha . 1 1 a sha dow horror is isen . bo Lo s . 1 d 1 . n : Lo 3 p I, , C p , 3 Begi s , of r A ve , th e h Urizen t he his s t an d c (or yout ful ) strides to left amidst flames , arms out retched his fa e

I h o n n . n n n t tur ed away ( some copies the last li e is scored t rough , so that it will remai

a n n h gi g as a result of the removal of pl .

- — d th l ak e . Urizen a d ha : Mus te a oun e b e des ts . : 8 n . 1 2 . n 4 C [3] , C p III, Beg i s r r r n m an on un n n an as n Below , a ude sits the gro d graspi g his head betwee his h ds a dark rai

. n n n in an d in A an d ; th e s in All streams over him ( O ly k ow two proofs copies , B C la t l e , h t e seve d ns o h i an d . n dea l si t e S oul x n s . y f , erased from the plate , e cept copie B C Cf the h 8 er a tu a l . n on . e is No N Reli ion s desig pl of T r g , serie b ) ’ h - z n . I n t a ear d . Uri e n a 2 8 . n : livin crea ions 5 [C p III] , [ ] Begi s g pp Above , holds ope h in n ot n n im . n n before a large book (The first two li es li ed through copy A , to be left ha gi g by the omission of the last li n e of pl . — h U C 1 : h ta ar a a t om the ea t . . 1 t 6 rizen : 8 1 . in As e s s e III, [ ] Beg s r p r f r r Below , three E tem als with sn akes coiled roun d them fall head down wards th rough flames in which mon ster o . n n . 1 1 1 1 0 n faces appear There were origi ally two more li es to Chap , verse , but copy has

b . h n . . o more t a two left ( Cf j , pl — Los Los howled in a dism al stu o . ha 1 2 1 . n : 7 . [C p 4 Begi s p r Below , , a huge figure — k n n n a nd n in n eeli g amo g flames huggi g his face his arms , howls with wide ope mouth , 1 d stari ng eyes an d hair 0 1 en . ’ — U ize n s as m w th as ton ishmen t . r ha 1 6 . n : Los s itten i 8 . . C p IV, Begi s Below , embryo a

Skeleton squats in dark ness with its head between its kn ees an d its hands on its head .

7 0 The First Book of Urizen

- Urizen d h is n n . 9 . Full page illustratio , with close eyes , tries to rise from k ees as rocks press down his shoulders . ’ — h m h is n h : A s on a es roll d ove i . ha . n e 1 0 . . 1 6 C p IV, Begi s g g r Above , Los , head be eat

h th e of n . a rock , struggles to push t rough masses sto e — S th e F om the cavern s his oin ted ine . 1 1 1 Urizen . : 1v 1 0 . n : . C , 7 Begi s r of j p Below , n ow s n of Urizen n his n h balls an d partly fleshed keleto sits amo g flames , feet faste ed wit

n on n n a nd him . chai s ; the right Orc , holdi g his hammer , sits co torted looks at - U zen h . t . i 1 2 . n r Full page illus ratio , fully fleshed , swims t rough dark waters — — down to the dee . ha . : wo Nost ils ben t Cha . 1 1 and C . 1 n T 1 . 0 2 3 [ p IV] , [ ] , p V, 7 Begi s r p

I n n th e Ah an ia h h of . the ce tre , vague female figure of pus es throug masses dark clouds

Abania . (Cf. , pl - m z n n h 1 . n . A n an Uri en 4 Full page illustratio ude , possibly , bala ci g imself head

n . dow wards , tries to push through the clouds

h h t a o h t was divided . 1 . 1 Urizen : : n : us t e ern l P e 5 C V Begi s T E r p Below , t he E tem als t wo h s and d d m en n ou t n , yout two bear e old , lea of the sky to spread a curtai over d t . I of an th e earth . Above hem is an eagle ( n several copies on e the youths the eagle are pai n ted out . ) 6 - Lo i h 1 n . s n . Full page illustratio (but copy A wit a beard) falls through fire with his a kn ees drawn up to his chi n n d his h an ds clasped behin d his head . - h arm on 1 . n . of E n it 7 Full page illustratio From a globe blood rises , whose form is h n n an d h e r n . crouched over it , her air streami g dow ha ds over her ears

— he r d h r zen . : d m . 1 8 . 1 U i 8 1 0 . n : T lobe o li e bloo t e ble C V, Begi s g f f Below , Los strides t rough

o an d o on e an on n . r ck flame , his arms utstretched , h d the rock , the other holdi g a hammer ’ ha — — d d C . 1 0 1 2 d Cha V I h a l d h r it an e . A 1 . an . 1 1 0 . n : e c l e P 9 [ p V] , [ ] , p , Begi s T y y, fi bove ,

E n ith arm on twists away from Los who kn eels with his bowed head between his arms . ’ — — t h r Ur C . ha : tre d o . 1 n Cha . 1 . n S c 20 ize 1 o 1 1 C . 1 1 0 an d [ VI, ] , p VII, , p VIII, Begi s f t t a work o e erni . n n n . f y Below , Orc , a aked child , plu ges headlo g through flames - h n 2 1 . n . and n n on Full page illustratio Los , a bearded aked figure , sta ds the right , a c ai n an an d n s n on h n faste ed to a b d about his chest his ha d resti g a large ammer , looki g sadly at E n ith arm on n who is bei g hugged by the boy Ore . - . U n an d 2 2 s n . rizen n Full page illu tratio Squats weepi g , fettered by the a kles wrists , d his eyes closed an a halo behi n d his head . — Urizen . C . 1 . ze i . 1 Uri n n 2 n : O li e on his orsaken moun tains . 3 VIII, [ ] 5 Begi s f f f Above , , n d n of in his n an d a lo g robe , stri es to the right , holdi g a globe fire right ha d with his left ou t in of stretched fron t him ; a lion meets him ; hills are in the backgroun d . - . At F zo 2 n . n an d of u n 4 Full page illustratio the top , the flami g head arms appear ; below in th e ds Thiriel n d wn in ; th e on him clou floats , his ha ds ra back surprise at bottom t he left the upraised head of Uth a rises ou t of dark waters ; an d on the righ t Grodn a pushes h imself I ou t of n . n the rocky grou d ( copy D on ly Thiriel and U tha appear . ) Cha - — . . h 2 an d C a I ! 1 n : The Ox in the sla u hter hous e moa ns . 5 [ p V [5] 9, p . , 4 . Begi s g d of I n Urizen th e of n . Above , the three aughters emerge from coils a great wi ged worm ( o s on e of s d s n ot n An d the Web is a Female in em b io s me copie the daughter oe appear ; the li e , r ,

in . V l l l h t e an d n n in an d . Chap , verse 7 , was removed from plate is fou d o ly copies B E )

7 1 ’ Blake s Illuminated BOO/{S

6 - bo . n as 2 Full page illustration . A y sta ds with cl ped han d s in sorrow as a large d og to th e h n left lies owli g before a closed door .

- 2 . An old m a n in n . n n e an d 7 Full page illustratio , a lo g traili g white rob wi th hands

n n n . upraised , see from behi d , flies i ward - Urizen . C : I ! . : h d 2 8 . 1 e live a n eriod o ears . Urizen s , [4] 9 Begi s T y p f y Below , sit i e t n n n n on of . e meshed a of heavy rope , his arms resti g rocks at each side him NO T E ’ A h Urizen on e of lt ough is of the later Lambeth books , it is the first chapter Blake s

n of n in th e n n h d MS . The Four os origi al versio the u iversal myth , later modified u publis e Zo

’ d n n the e usa lem w as an aba do ed by time j r written . The book begi n s rath er abruptly after th e

of n n n an d n Urize n n n d o time eter al o e ess , already the mai character , , the perso ificatio of g n in n th e H h ff o n . matic reaso the like ess of primitive ebrew Jehova , has Split from eter ity I n a chaotic u n iverse peopled by Shadowy e te m als who came in to bei n g as a result of this

- n Urizen R n n for . s n Los i fissio , easo begi s to struggle order From the mist of eter ity , poet c n and an d n d n ge ius the symbol of Time , appears , , si ce error to be Oppose must be defi ed , he h e h forces on Urize n t creation of a material world . As t e sad process of materialization con

’ t in u e s an n E n ith arm on- off an d d e , Los s em atio , Pity , splits from him , together they pro uc Orc , of the Spirit revolt who will even tually herald the messi an ic age . The myth is complicated d an d d ffi n n an d an n . H vague , it is i cult to follow its co tortio s ramificatio s owever, the result

’ f ze n s n — n — o Uri . n origi al error the true fall , accordi g to Blake becomes clear The eter als are d n m en an d a h n . To n t e compresse i to the bodies of , from watery chaos earth is created co trol

Urizen n h n in b an d n k n d world which he has made , the establis es religio , whose web oth he ma i are en tan gled as civilization emerges in Egypt . h S n of t e n n . eve copies book are k ow There are also some scattered plates , probably

o n h -u Th proofs r rejected impressio s rather t an a broken p addition al copy . e volume is

f n 26 x 1 8 . on e o . n usually quarto Size , measuri g about cm , but copy ( B) is a folio The umber of n d on on e of th e n n - t o n plates , always pri te Side leaf o ly , varies from twe ty four twe ty w h x n in . eight . The te t is ritte t roughout italic

in 1 The Fi st Boo/1 o Urizen n Issued 7 94 , r f was obviously to be o ly the first chapter , but n on n nn an d n n in n Blake ever carried his scheme as origi ally pla ed , i stead wrote his co t uatio

Th F ud u of th e myth under di ff eren t titles . e word irst was erased from t he Prel i m an d colophon 1 h e h The x of A and t in t e . n n copy , from title as well last copy made (G) te t also u derwe t

I n h d n And t n n . n an he several mi or cha ges as Blake issued copies o ly t ree ( B , C F) the li es ,

h h as t a F male n emb io in . V 1 1 1 o d . I n n Web is e i . n n r , C ap , verse 7 ( pl bee allowed Sta o ly

a nd n h A l h . an d in on e h t e n l the seve n t ree ( A , B , C) is pl 4 i cluded at all , of t ese ( A) last li e , h oul h as w deadl sins o t e s n d . x n t en t o y f , bee erase The te t is divided i to chapters , but plates ff v 1 . ( 8 a nd 1 0) con tai n en tirely d i eren t version s of the first S ix verses of Chap . Both appear f n in in th e an in . o all copies , although their order is tr sposed some Most the variatio s

- an n n of th e n . arr geme t , however , are due to the Shifti g full page illustratio s With the

h e n th e x n . t n in n e ceptio of pl 4 , other plate most freque tly lacki g copies wi t hout full umber is

- th e n . 1 6 . full page desig , pl

1 Also th e n umeral 1 from most of the page headi ngs .

7 9.

’ Blake s Illuminated Books

' o W 2 8 n 2 8 . 1 O on an d 1 plates leaves atermark TAYL R , five leaves , 7 94 J WHATMAN , on t w o h o . n in ad f n an d n . leaves Pri ted s es brow gree Very beautifully coloured , with

-c n - n n in water olours chiefly , but occasio ally with some colour pri ti g the backgroun ds . — k — — 1 2 8 in in . A n n : 1 1 1 0 1 2 8 1 1 2 2 Foliated by Blake black rra geme t 4 , 4 , 5 7 , , , , , , 1 — 0 - Th e F s t 1 1 2 2 2 1 2 2 28 . i on th e Preludium 3, 9, 5 9, 4 , , , 3, 5 word r appears title , , a nd h th e o -h n n n . an th e o Colopho ; wit last li e pl 4 ; the left d figure in design n pl . 1 5 h th e - n in . v 1 i1 o x n S x . n . 2 . : 8 2 2 pai ted over ; wit e tra li e Chap , verse 7 , pl 5 ize 3 4 7 cm , ’ h h h - w n . n o n e on n in u cut The leaves , w ic S ow Blake s stitch holes , mou t d hi ges a volume n h bou d in alf calf over boards .

’ The Be acon s fi eld co h aa D I s rae li py, probably boug t from Blake by Is c , with the ’ Be aco s S n fie ld 1 8 6 . n S t 2 0 r library marks dated 5 old wi th that collectio at o heby s , Ma ch 1 8 8 2 60 a nd ff an d in a (lot , Ellis White , O ered by Ellis White their cat logue , N a ac d . M eor e s 1 88 2 n . d ovember acquired by B B g g of Gla gow . Sol with his ’

S 1 1 2 1 1 . h n a d b library at otheby s , July 9 4 ( lot 7 , G Wells , T e purch se y h - A . d N n w o n d an d n Edwar ewto , i serte his book plate , sold with his collectio at - m 1 6 A 1 1 1 1 R n in n Parke Be et , pril 94 (lot 3 , ose bach , Now the possessio of w f N . n n . n o e Mrs La do K Thor e , York

x hi . b : . . 1 1 n o . ; an 1 1 no . 1 ; . . S n E Nat Gall , 9 3, 99 M chester , 9 4 , 59 Nat Gall cotla d ,

1 1 n o. d 1 n o . . 9 4 , Case B , 5 ; Phila elphia , 939, 7 5

w 2 o . No P n . Th 5 plates n 25 leaves atermark . ri ted in green e design s pri n ted in n n s and -c brillia t colours with thick Opaque pigme t worked up with water olour washes .

No n o of n in n . n n n foliatio , but s me the later plates umbered pe cil Prese t arra geme t — — — 1 1 2 6 1 1 1 2 2 1 1 1 8 1 1 2 1 20 2 2 2 2 6 2 8 . ls . 4 , , 5 , , 9 , 3, , 5 , 4 , , 7 , 9, , , 3, 7 , 4 , Lacks p 7 ,

d u 8 1 . u m h as 6 First on Prel i an d n . . , The word appears the title , , colopho Pl 4 the

6 . n an d t n o x of n on . last li e , here are other erasures , e cept the usual two li es pl — A secon d impression of the Preludium leaf is in serted after the ti tle page . It is Th pri n ted i n pale brown on thi n paper of a smaller Size a nd is i n laid . e backgroun d is

- lud n d w in h . P e ium colour pri te , but the details are orked water colour was es The words r

to the r k n n Fi st Boo of have been pai n ted out . This i sertio was previously recorded as ‘ ’

d . n S x 2 . n d in n . e . . 0 a coloured drawi g ize 3 4 cm Bou brow morocco , gilt , g , by Be ford ’ Off ered for sale in 1 854 in a catalogue of Joh n Pearson s stock Later in the - S of an d . library Thomas Gaisford , has his book plate old with the Gaisford library ’ S h 2 1 8 0 1 1 n h n th e at ot eby s , 3 April 9 ( lot 9 , Nuge t , T e acquired for Britwell - o a nd n ow in n of S . . n n C urt Library , the possessio Major V Christie Miller , of Clare do S Park , alisbury .

w P n in n . D 2 6 plate s on 26 leaves . Watermark 1 7 94 J WHATMAN . ri ted bro Thickly - — 6 . n n n . oliated 1 2 [c] colour pri ted with opaque pigme ts F by Blake Arra ged as above , th e P eludium an d n n ls . an d 1 6 . Fi st on but lacki g p 4 The word r appears title , r , colopho ;

S : x 1 . 6 8 . 6 a nd of o . 2 n 2 the two figures on pl . two the figures n pl 4 pai ted over ize cm n in Bou d half morocco .

P P n R . urchased from F . T . algrave in 1 859 by the British Museum Pri t oom

7 4 The First Book of Urizen

in n . 2 on 2 . on on e . n 4 plates 4 leaves Watermark J WHATMAN , leaf Pri ted gree Colour : 1 1 6 1 0 8 1 1 2 2 t n . n n 2 2 1 pri n ted wi h opaque pigme ts Arra geme t , 3, 5 , , , , 4 , 7 , , , , , — k s 6 Th e Fi s t l . 1 . 1 1 1 8 1 1 1 2 20 2 1 2 2 6 2 8 . 2 3, 5 , , 7 , 9, , , , 3, Lac s p 4 , 9, , 4 word r x in n d um S : 2 2 . n on Prelu i and n . appears the title , , colopho ize 9 5 3 5 cm Bou d brow

an d . morocco , gilt , by Clarke Bedford n Sir n Formerly ow ed by Charles Dilke , from whom it was obtai ed by Frederick - - h Rowfan t in n his . n Locker Lampso , who added book plate W e the Library was sold h h . n . . in 1 0 and C o . 9 5 t hrough Dodd , Mead , the book was acquired by E D C urch T e th e n H P n n and n ow in h possessio of Mrs arry ay e Whit ey , of New York , t at of her h eirs .

d . n in n . n an 2 6 plates on 2 6 leaves . No watermark Pri ted gree The desig s superbly - h i n . h in an d n n . n brig tly colour pr ted , carefully fi is ed with opaque pigme ts Foliated pe cil

n n : 1 — 1 2 6 1 1 0 8 1 1 1 2 2 1 1 8 1 1 20 2 1 Former arra geme t 3, 5 , , , 7 , 4 , , , 9, , 3, , 5 , , 7 , 9, , , — F t o Preludium a d n ls . a nd 1 6 . i s n n 2 28 . 3 Lacks p 4 The word r appears the title , , colopho ;

S : 6 x 1 8 . h th e x n in . V 1 1 1 on . 2 . 2 wit e tra li e Chap , verse 7 , pl 5 ize 5 3 cm Formerly n hel and The Marria e H eaven an d H ell in bou d , together with T , copy A , g of , copy A , old h alf calf; n ow loose in the old covers .

’

h . n el . A E . George Cumberla d s copy , for history see T , copy A fter the death of W H o n th e Urizen n n o per , whe volume was divided up , came i to the possessio of Mrs Ward

n of o on . Thoro , B st

8 on s . P n i 2 on 2 s . 81 1 8 1 n 7 plates 7 leave Watermark RUSE TURNERS , several leave ri ted - d - w n . an o n and yello brow Very richly elab rately pai ted with bright water colours gold , - 1 — some backgroun ds beari n g eviden ce of havi n g been colour prin ted . Foliated 2 7 by A an n : 1 — 1 2 6 1 8 2 2 1 0 1 1 1 6 1 1 1 — 2 1 2 2 Blake . rr geme t 3, 9, 5 , , , 4 , 7 , , , , , , 3, 5 , 7 , 3, 7 , — F - ud um . . irst n ot on Prel i 2 2 6 2 8 . s 4 , Lack pl 4 The word does appear the title page , ,

S : 6 x . n or n . 2 2 in wn o . e . n colopho ize 5 3 5 cm Bou d bro mor cco , g , by the Club Bi dery ,

1 908 . ’ in n of th e of and S Formerly the collectio Earl Crewe , sold by him at otheby s , 1 6 uaritch b d in 0 0 . an 3 March 9 3 (lot , Q , Acquired y William A White , sold R 1 2 R n . in n . n o n 9 9 to ose bach with other Blake items Now the Lessi g J ose wald C llectio , f o n in n . . Library Co gress , Wash gto , D C

hib. : 1 o . x 6 . o 0 n 2 P 1 n o . E Gr lier Club , 9 5 , 7 ; hiladelphia , 939, 7

o . No . 3 plates n 3 leaves watermark Prin ted in shades of brown or green . Colour

of 1 an d . S : 1 x n . n s 1 1 inl 2 8 2 . pri ted Co ists , 4 5 ize about 4 cm , aid to large quarto

s . n in an n ize Bou d blue lev t morocco , gilt , by Macdo ald .

P in of Blak ian a o a—c of America robably the same volume as the three pr ofs ( ) , for

. v . wa n s n S t r . history , q Whe the volume broke up by George C . mi h , J , these plates S h - n . is P k m 2 1 8 were bou d up together old with library at ar e Be et , November 93 S N w h $ 2 o in s n . R n o of P . (lot 34 , essler , the posses io of C arles J ose bl om , ittsburgh

7 5 ' Bla ke s Illuminated Books

" on O - d N . . n . n s of I 2 plates 2 leaves . watermark Prin ted in green Colour pri te Co sist S - - d 1 0 . x an : 20 1 8 an d 2 1 8 x 1 6 . e . 4 ize 3 4 , 7 cm Matt d Part of a collection of miscellan eous Blake items bo un d up together with the proofs

of he l for . v . in n n . T , history , q Now The Pierpo t Morga Library

" I A c s 1 1~1 1 L 1: R E P R O D UC T l o N s : I n IV or lrs b Willia m Blak e 1 8 6 c y 7 ; William Muir , oloured ,

h . n . n c 1 1 888 E . Y . ed 2 (copy B) ; , iii reduced , wit out pl 4 ; De t , Plowma , oloured , 9 9

7 6

E U RO P E a P R O P H E C Y I LA MB E T H Pri nted by Will : Blake 1 7 94

D E S C R I P T I O N

P a 1 l ud s . A 1 ls . 8 t s . l ro he 1 Fron i 2 ls . Prel ium 2 P t spiece , title , p , ref ce , p , , p , p cy, 3 p pla e , w n n us l . s in u 2 x 1 . ex t r n and e t abo t 4 7 cm ( cep pl iii) , elief etchi g om hi e li e e grav g , ual y - pain ted wi th water c olours .

C O N T E N T S Uri th e re at r of a or d s in sun r h in ron is ece . zen n D] F t pi , as C o the m terial w l , k eel the eac g his le f t ha nd With a huge pair of compasse s down in to th e void ; his hair and beard s tream A e s s w in his r ht cloud s rr und s u n. tri in th ig , su o the al proof British Mu eum ho s a large dark are a on the left margin of the cloud in the sector be tw een the be ard an d arm ; in th e b was i w w e In the ra s of s un d o not pu lished s ta te th is filled n ith hit lin es . proof the y the ’ s h o h On e of cro s the tip of t e cloud t the rig t of the arm ; they do in the later state . ( Blake s

mo famo us de s i ns s e t s n wn The Ancien t a s as The Act reation . st g , om ime k o as of D y or of C

o 6 of Not . A pre lim inary sket ch appe ars n p . 9 the ebook ) - . uro e e tc . Se r n t of s a o t a and ra s s [ ii] Title page E p , The pe Materiali m coils b u the p ge i e P o e o c o ts d e w n the word s of the ti . r of n doe s n t on t the as i hea b t ee tle a t coil ome plate , ' th e if it had be en cut d own af te r the d es ign had been etched . ( A proof of the plate in Morgan

” Librar has the r of Urizen d r wn in r n the s r en ; and n o h r m y figu e a idi g up e p t a t e , for erly

on in to d . . on and n ow t o of w and lcar s ows bel g g La y D Y Camer the Earl Cra ford Ba re , sh ee l w an s R d uc i Bibli h a kn n ure arm r tin on o s . n o ra 1 2 large i g fig ith e g the c il epro ed the g p y, 9 n s : Five w ndow li ht t a [ I II] Pre face . Begi i s g he c verned Man ; through one he breathes the

i o 0 No de oun d on in s H . a x air . n. F an d A s al r e 1 . s g ly c pie K m le pl t , 9 5 3 5 cm ud um Be : The na meless shad w le rose rom the breas t 1 . Prel i . n o ema out o Ore . g i s yf f f Above , a youn g pilg rim wi th a pack on his back an d a staff in his hand walks to wards the l ef t ; on the right a nud e assassin crouching in a cave w i th a d agger in his han d lies in wait for him ; balms is a bat—win ed ead w h its ar wr ed round its rs w n o s of e r n g h it ms app ea ithi the c il a s pe t , e l e d on a w and a nud man fal ing h a l g with eight fasten ed to his wri s ts . A trial proof in the M r n Lib ra has n o w it ne s r a in the shad n on of o ga ry h e li b e k g up i g the figure the pilgrim , nor in the r s the oad s n e in th e t s se S s hi in s on h hs ut of r ; a eco d stat Bri i h Mu um how w te l e t ig , crotc and r r of the fi ure and on the roa d st h as r h ig ht shoulde g , d ; the publishe ate mo e s ul w A t o in es on the r and new n s e the be lt and on a . s f r l ight ho der , o e b lo the p ck ( ke ch the - f s s s in . d fo o he o an r t he on f No . re t n in e . o o figu a a s is p 97 , bat w g d head p 7 4 the teb ok ) Unwillin loo/1 u to he ! un will n s 2 . e n : aven i cou n t the tar s ! B in o d B gi s g I p g elow , cl u s n m le n s s t wo rs the hro w i b to a r e a flyi g a ude gra p othe by t at , h le a ove the right fou th scapes e A a in toth cl oud s . tri l proof in the Morgan Library h as the clouds a bove an d below solidly n ed in the u s ed s t are ro n w te s s for th e ro pri t ; p bli h ta e they b ke up wit h hi line . ( A ketch g up o f e . of three figures is pas ted on t p . 8 o th Notebook )

7 7

’ Blake s I llu minated Boo/cs

Pro hec h d e o w . B n : T e e in e ca me . o 3 A p y egi s p f t r . Ar und th e head in g fly the Joys of h m oc en ce ; b e low it a n an gel fl oats ac ros s the pl ate face d own wi th her han ds cl asped beh in d

h a o at a a a in o h a o . her e d ; bel w her , the right , is se ted figure wr pped th ught wit i n gl be

The sh ll win ds wak B o th e . n : i e ! n n n o h a o 4 Begi s r el w , k eeli g ude figure f E n it rm n lean s

ov om a o t o a m a n om th e on an d e n Ore om h o a am er fr cl ud lift tle fr pr e sl epi g , fr w se he d fl es

’ a a a ov m v m a of E n ith a rm on s r di te ; b e the re el the s ller figures children .

: Now omes the n i h o E n itharm ons o ! O h - 5 . Begi n s c g t f j y n t e upper three q u arters of the a a n a o n n of W ar a a o i an pl te st ds the sc ly , cr w ed , ude figure , with l rge sw rd n his left h d ; flam es flow d own w a rd t o the right ben e ath his feet ; behi nd him stan d the An gels of Pity a nd om a o C p ssi n .

— Two om n on e o n F a a on . o 6 . n a ull p ge illustr ti w e , cr uchi g the left with her he d buried n n o on w a h an and n a o betwee her k ees , the ther the right ith cl sped ds uptur ed f ce , sit bef re a a on n ov a n a e for the ea t on huge c uldr hu g er fire , which is bei g prep r d d d child , stre ched a the grou nd at t he feet of the secon d w om an . A tri l proof in the Morg an Library sh ows n o n e in th e s m o a ov a on n or on a o of i of om an white li s ke b e the c uldr , the sh ded f lds the sk rt the w ' on th e a nd a ov the h arm in a on a in s M m th e m o right b e c ild s ; sec d st te the Briti h useu s ke ,

’ o a ows and are - n e in s a m o h n av f ld sh d , child s side white li d ; the published t te re w ite li es h e

' o d m m a t o of h Som m been added on the left leg f lds an i edi tely the left t e w om an s foot . ( eti es

kn own as Fa mine . )

- a a - o of a m m ov o a F a s a on . A e an a 7 . ull p ge illu tr ti t ll d rk r b d figure with bell es t w rds the left before a d oor m arked Lord have mercy on us ; in fron t of h im on the left a m an lean s d own t o supp ort a wom an seated on the groun d ; and t o th e right an other w om an is a bo ut t o

a kn eel with upraised arm s in an attitude of passi on ate supplicati on . A tri l proof in the B h M m o n o e n e on h at an d oa of th e -m an n or on ritis useu sh ws whit li s the c t bell , the chest ’ of t he other m an ; the re are n o di agon al s at the l ower edge of the seated wom an s dress ; in a e e are a e and a o m o - in n on h as n ven to the published st te th s dd d , ls re white l e defi iti bee gi ( m . Som m no as Pla ue am on a t i a th e a of o o n n . h ir b th w e ‘ eti es k w g ; D pl ces h s fter pl B o a a n s a a of o a Rintrah eldes born . e o n n n 8 . n : rise O Begi s A t l w , g i t b ckgr u d cl uds k eeli g om an a of an a e m an who s a n s his a m out in w cl sps t he legs g d , t d upright with r s stretched a o fron t of h im as t hough t o w rd off horr rs . f w a v om o e n : E nitharmon sle . ov o s a s o 9. B gi s pt Ab e , t hr ugh t lk he t which cur e up fr bel w ,

t wo n s m a e an d m a fl o n a o n om o a m w . ude , l fe le , y up bl wi g spir l h r s fr which dr ps bl ck ilde ’ u he fi - a o I hou h s ert rb d ose . e re e n e en on I O. n : n Begi s t g t p t y r A crest d , br thi g s rp t c ils up - the left han d m argi n of the pl ate . h h o m os of n lbions n el rose u on t e S one o Ni . ove ve n I I . s : Begi A A g p t f g t Ab , c ri g t the - ’ h h a a f at o n e Po a n a on 3. ot on e an o n pl te , is , triple cr w d pe with b t s wi gs se ted G ic thr wit pe b ook on his k nees ; bel ow him t wo wi n ged Joys in l on g dresses hold d ow n t heir fleur-de-lys

he aded w an ds . l h o w B n : An d the clouds {d res a e rolld roun d in t e n i h E nitharmon . o n 1 2 . egi s fi p g t f D the right—h a nd m argi n an d across th e cen tre h a ng c obwebs with spiders an d other in sects ; at the a a d a wa b o ttom a figure lies con torted in t he m eshes of n e t n g zes up rds .

’ ' B o a n o B n : The red limb d n el siez d in horror a n d o me n . h 1 . 3 egi s A g t r t el w , ude y ut with a n s t o t he in a n on o a n a in h o o an d fettered kle sits left du ge ; his legs cr ssed , his h ds r ised rr r

7 8 E o P o h c ur pe , a r p e y his a n to oo n a a a n of the a o who f ce tur ed the right , l ki g fter the d rk , sc ly , ude figure j il r , a scends som e steps to t he right with a l arge key in his han d . h - a m a n a o the n 1 . E t in thus uee o wa rs on n n : n e . 4 Begi s q f t Al g the right h d rgi , cr ss ce tre

and o a m a a n a o m m o n a an d . a oo bel w sw r c terpill rs , s kes , w r s , ths , spiders , s ils birds A tri l pr f in the Morgan Library h as the w o rds a n d the a ngel trumpet blew filli n g the l ast h alf of th e

n om th e o om in h a e m ov th e n n n a e . third li e fr b tt ; the publis ed st te thes were re ed , li e e di g with g t the in I . B n : Sho h har a n m an a n rom the hei s o E nit mon . o 5 egi s t f g t f Bel w , ude , c rryi g an m a o of a om an on o om f am of R vo on h a i te b dy w his sh ulders , flees fr l es e luti w ich r ge n a oo in th e behi d him up steps t o the right draggi n g al on g by the arm a ch ild . A tri l pr f British Museum h as the words bef ore the trumpet blew at th e en d of th e first li n e ; a sec on d state in Ro n a o on a o h as h o o n a - n a of A of th e the se w ld C llecti ls t se w rds , but the s ke like fi i l the ’ n e x t t o l ast li n e which appears directly bel ow the Space between Ca ll d and all h as been erased ; ’ in . ob . a o a n n n h E nitharmon . the published st te the w rds were er sed , the li e e di g wit ( Cf j , pl

N o n :

a o uro e a h ad n merica in o of m o o of Bl ke wr te E p fter he fi ished A , but his st ry the yth l gy o o o The Son Los and merica ov n o a th e n the w rld it f ll ws g of precedes A , c eri g hist ric lly eightee E n ith arm on — n a on n a of an e ra h ad a a e a . hu dred ye rs t he Christi which lre dy l psed I spir ti , — h e Moon od S a a m a m os on o . S is the G dess , p ce the typic l fe le , i p es her rule the w rld

—w — e a a om n a a n Los Poetr th e Sun G od m a m a . s p r ted fr her eter l p rt er, y, , Ti e the typic l le As a result of this cleavage the false d octrin es of repressi v e religi on an d law h old sway

an d n a n an m of W ar am n n v a on an d a on m an n . bri g the tte d t iseries , F i e , I si Pl gue up ki d At a a a f or th e a n of of R vo who o th e l st , the st ge is prep red risi g Orc , the spirit e lt , will destr y ’

o of E th a m i x an d o a a n in n . n i r on s a . o o n err rs sw y The st ry is t ld the te t , ret ld g i the desig s - f ur a ri a a o a a a o o e 1 . in me c The title p ge E p is d ted 7 94 As A , Bl ke rew rked his pl tes , p a tl n a v a m on x ren oo . oo of in p y u s tisfied by his first pr fs These pr fs , which di idu l i pressi s e ist , h o a h e an at a v n a n th e o of his o in m o a s w th t ch ged le st se e pl tes duri g c urse w rk , st c ses a d I m ov n v a n n av h n t o a o m a on ls . 1 an ddi g e gr ed w ite li es bre k up s lid sses , but p 4 5 re i g se er l o h m m o a a o 1 800 n ot n o 1 . so i w rds w ich were pri ted bef re 939 At e t e , pr b bly b ut , he etched

an a on a a a a t o o n on in o H an d . dditi l pl te with delightful pref ce , which is be f u d ly c pies K Th at it was n ot prepared at the tim e the volum e was firs t issued seem s apparen t from the m o v a t a a o s o x on d o n ot on a n . a n o f ct h t the e rliest c pie , with ut e cepti , c t i it D , h we er , felt th a t Bl ake suppressed it beca use it e x pressed t oo cle arly on e of his m ost v ital beliefs— th at w s — m s al v ati on a allied t o sex u al feelin g an d on e m ost likely to be m i sun derstood . I t see s m o a B a his o m n e x an a on an d a a t o a a in re likely th t l ke felt p e eeded the pl ti , th t its f ilure ppe r th e l ates t copies m ay h av e been due to the l oss of the sm aller additi on al pl ate rather th an s suppres i on .

v o of a f v n a i t w o oo re n o n . on a o n n Twel e c pies the b k k w I t c sists usu lly se e tee pl tes , h n an as n o of n n on o o a m a n a o 6 2 6 cm . in i st ces ted eightee , pri ted f li p per, e suri g b ut 3 x , eig t f o on on e f a wo - a a o o on . os on of t on the c pies side the le f ly The p iti . the full p ge illustr ti s m m v a a Th e a s o es an m n of x o on an . eti es ri , but t he rr ge e t the te t is therwise c st t e rliest copy ( A) bears th e w aterm ark 1 7 94 J WHATMAN an d is s om brely p ain ted with opaque a - B— a a I Y m en n d a o o s . n x fi ve F all m TA LOR in pig ts w ter c l ur The e t ( ) , with the w ter rk (

7 9 ’ Blahe s Illuminated Boo/ts

an d o m n h 1 j are o o - n e an d o m o B C c bi ed wit 7 94 WHATMAN ) , c l ur pri t d , w uld see theref re o b o o - t n t a 1 . o a o o n on a o on YLO a el g the ye r 7 95 C py G , with w ter c l uri g ly , ls I TA R p per , w as o a on ho a o o m a pr b bly d e s rtly there fter . An u nc l ured ex a ple ( H) on 1: P p per is the t o o a w o o n n a a . n t h co n d in his m ha e first c t i the dded pl te iii O ly t er pies , pri te dur g lifeti e , v v v ; on e o n S S 1 8 1 2 a n o o e th e o on 1 8 1 8 — 20 sur i ed RU E TURNER p per is u c l ur d , ther j WHATMAN ’ a m a n n o o o O e n a a of a a o . n is g ifice t richly c l ured c py , ch r cteristic Bl ke s l ter peri d defi itely h m o o h o o o n o n . n o f un a n a th e a e rm a b n p st u us c py is k w A t er c py ( L) is cert i d te , w t rk ei g o a an d m a o h m o was a a co o c n . p rti lly bliter ted , y be p st u us ; it l ured re e tly S h for a of t he n a re t o be o n in o e bo o Ro MS no ketc es few desig s f u d the N t k ( ssetti ) , but

ho o he x . o o o MS . a f r t in o D on m of a are r ota ons ut rity te t H wever , c py st the pl tes titles qu ti in the han of o m an m a a n e t o him a and d Ge rge Cu berl d which y h ve bee suggest d by Bl ke , a re m ost illum i n atin g as t o literary s ources from which Bl ake m ay have drawn in spira ti on The oo w w f or h is n . as n ot a v e in th e Pros ec us of 1 in 1 8 1 8 as desig s b k d ertis d p t 7 93, but it ‘ ' s o w off a a 1 n o o £ . . o and in 1 8 2 e as s ix n a . ered by Bl ke Eur pe 7 pri ts f li 5 5 , 7 the pric gui e s Th e on ly copies which are k nown t o h av e belonged t o con tem po raries of Bl ake are those

’ o n a in th e o on of aa D ls rae li om a or an d o n inn rigi lly p ssessi Is c ( A) , Th s Butts ( C D) , J h L ell

’

w s . m h . o a S h of B a n 1 R a om on h in . i 8 2 8 ( K) A c py described J T it s life l ke by ich rd T s , w ich , ‘ ’ h e w w as o o to m a th e an n o a n n an d n l w as on e of rites , c l ured i it te cie t fresc p i ti g , evide t y - h w s of h co so B—F h o o o n o a m n s . a on e t e in e t se c l ur pri ted wi th p que pig e t T is pies pr t d ( ) , but

a t th e e nd a a of o o d n o h n o were dded series c l ure pri ts with ut letterpress , w ich u d ubtedly

/f s ow o m as a e BOO o e i ns . on o n n n f r ed the series described here A L rg f D g The fr tispiece , fte k ’ a [ was on e of a a o as The nc ien a s o o as a a a n . A t of D y , ls ccurs sep r te pri t t Bl ke s f v urite w - n an d a am a e a as n a in o o n a o on his a be d . desig s , T th rel t s th t he e g ged c l uri g c py de th

C O P I E S

* No o a . No a m a . P n e in n . n o o . on a 1 1 pl a tes on 8 le aves . w ter rk ri t d gree U c l ured f li ti pr" Ofs — — — C on s is ts of 1 6 8 1 1 . Pls . a nd 1 in a as s a o ; i , ii , 4 , , 4 5 i , 7 5 the first st te de cribed b ve

S c m . n . . 6 ls . 1 and 6 in on o a a n as : 2 p the sec d ; thers pp re tly published ize 33 x , u cut d o a D. a n t Fo m in th e o on of Ma o x an S M . r erly p ssessi j r Ale der ykes , , s ld

’ So h 2 1 6 lot 1 006 Rim ell Now in th e M m P n t eby s , 9 July 93 ( , , British useu ri t

Room .

* d - n x e m a . n in n a n b 1 2 a on av . No a pl tes 7 le es w ter rk Pri ted gree grey gree , e c pt ro° fs p - 2 w o a . o of 1 2 6 8 1 h o . No on n l . 1 2 in n p w ich is red br f li ti C sists ii , ( twice) , , ( twice) , ,

Pls . 1 2 o h m o w a m a 1 a nd 1 m . ( p st u us , with ter rk J WHATMAN 3 4 ( three ti es) , ,

a o in th e on . 6 an d 1 are in a as a ov . 1 , 4 ( twice) the first st te described b e ; pl 4 is ls sec d

f o o . m . Ma in o S v a n om 2 c m . t o 2 1 c ize ryi g fr 37 9 x 9 4 x 7 7 tted , p rt li Form erly boun d up wi th other Bl ake ite m s in a volum e in the c ollec ti on of Hen ry

h Now in P on Mo a n a o . For o el oo . hist ry , see T , pr fs The ierp t rg Libr ry , New Y rk * w in va o h a of n an d o n . c 2 6 oo a on 1 a . n pr f pl tes 7 le ves Pri ted ri us s des grey , gree br oors m of 1 2 h m o No o a on . on n Mo n o . stly u c l ured f li ti C sisti g i ( twice) , ii , ( twice) , ( t ree ti es) , For 6 h m 8 m 1 0 1 1 1 2 1 1 h m . 3 , 4 , ( t ree ti es) , 7 , ( t hree ti es) , 9, , , ( twice) , 3 , 4 ( t ree ti es) t a - m m r . a a he o . S h o me ica oo . So at t J , , ist ry , see A r , pr fs ld Ge rge C ith , s le P rke Be et

2 N ovem ber 1 938 ( l ots 2 7 a nd now sca ttered .

8 0

’ Bla ke s Illuminated BOO/{S

as a o . a . S 6 c . : 2 m . o o o n in a m o o . e . h b ve L cks pl iii ize 3 x 5 5 B u d h lf r cc , g , t get er with V isions o the a u h e s o Albion o f D g t r f , c py A . o a o o s n a o n o o k . For o Pr b bly the Butt c py , rigi lly b u d with three ther w r s hist ry , see

V ision s o the a u h ers o Albio o w No h . n B. in t e M m n Roo m f D g t f , c py British useu Pri t

1 a on 1 0 av W a m a Y o o had of . 1 n n e a P n in n 7 pl tes le es ter rk TA LOR , le f. ri ted s es gree , o n an d ff n o o o m m on am a o m n blue , br w , red , di ere t c l urs s eti es the s e pl te , s e letteri g h w o o - strengt en ed ith c ol oured i n ks . Design s m stly brilli an tly c lo ur pri n ted ; all ca re n h an d n a n h a -c o o a o m fully fi is ed fi ely p i ted wit w ter l urs nd paque pig m en ts . Nu bered

k 0 in in a . a as a ov . a ks S : 1 c m . n . . 2 6 by Bl ke , 3, 5 , 7 , etc Arr ged b e L c pl iii ize 37 x o n in o n va m o o o F o n . . B u d br w le t r cc , gilt , by Bedf rd

Fo m in the o on of om a a o oo - a a nd o r erly p ssessi Th s G isf rd , with his b k pl te , s ld with

' his a a t So h 2 1 8 0 lot 1 0 Ro on x an libr ry t eby s , 3 April 9 ( 9 , bs , Acquired by Ale der

’ Ma a an d a h is a h n o w ho o at h 2 6 ck y , fter de t i herited by his wid w , s ld it C ristie s , April ‘ ’ 1 o b o w ho a 1 2 l t 2 Shoe rid e in 1 2 2 . a on 9 ( , g , B ught 9 by A Edw rd Newt , dded his ook - a an d o h h is a at a — m 1 6 1 1 lot 1 2 o n a h b pl te , s ld wit libr ry P rke Be et , April 94 ( 9, R se b c , w Ro n a o on a o on W a h n on No in n . f the Lessi g J se w ld C llecti , Libr ry C gress , s i gt ,

D . C . h h a n o . . x ib. : a 1 0 E Phil delp i , 939, 7

a d o n . 1 on 1 0 av . W a m a 1 Y on on e a . n in n an 7 pl tes le es ter rk TA LOR , le f Pri ted gree br w Parts Of s om e design s col our-pri n ted ; all c arefully an d fi n ely p ai n ted with w a ter

o o an d om o a e m n n a nd tan o m in a n on . c l urs , s e p qu pig e t , blue , gree the pred ti g t es — a n a a in in k B a 1 1 . a n as a o . a . . P gi ted , fter the title , by l ke 5 Arr ged b ve L cks pl iii

S : c m I n th e o n a a n in h a o n m o o o as . 8 2 . ize 3 4 x 7 4 rigi l wr ppers , u cut , lf br w r cc c e

’ W an n n o o m a a o n m ono a m on h a ; ith u ide tified c llect r s rk , cr w ed gr D W J , t ree pl tes o So om an an on m o o a t m an history otherwise n t kn own . ld fr y us s urce A eric Art

W . n . o a on 1 F a 1 2 8 lot 8 M . Ass ci ti , ebru ry 9 ( , Hill , Acquired by Owe D

W . a . . nd o n w h o in 1 1 a o n . to n Y u g , 94 g ve it j i tly with Dr A A Berg the He ry Albert A

Berg Collecti on of the New Y ork Public Library .

P n n n o n o r . W m a 1 Y . i 1 a on 1 0 av . a 7 pl tes le es ter rk TA LOR ri ted gree , br w blue - The a n a a n a a El a bo ra tely pa i n ted with dull w ater c ol our w ashes . l st fiftee pl tes p gi ted by Bl ke — h V on k . S : 6 c m . o o isi s 1 1 . an as a o . a . 2 n 5 Arr ged b ve L c s pl iii ize 3 x 5 B u d , t gether wit

o the a u h ers o lbion o an d The Son Los o in old h a m o o o . f D g t f A , c py H , g of , c py C , lf red r cc h rs o A n Now in th e o on For o V isions o the a u e lbio o . hist ry , see f D g t f , c py H p ssessi

of Mrs W a m m on of am Ma . illi E ers , C bridge , ss

o . 2 . x hib. : o 1 0 n 2 E Gr lier Club , 9 5 ,

i a o n . W a m a 8: on t wo a . n n 1 8 a on 1 8 av . pl tes le es ter rk E P , le ves Pri ted d rk br w

l at e d n . o m n o o o a on a o a . Fo i in U c l ured , but cc si lly t uched up with grey w sh pe cil F r er — - — : m o n in a S 6 2 c m . Fo a an m n : 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 6 8 1 1 1 2 1 . rr ge e t , , , , , 7 , 5 ize 3 x 5 r erly b u d h lf

a n ow n o n and m a in a m o o o a . c lf; u b u d tted , h lf blue r cc c se ‘ i o m . a n C on tai n ed the i n scripti on May 1 835 H . G . B l N Afterw rds the o on of W am o an d o in a of a m on a a c llecti illi Beckf rd , s ld the first p rt the H ilt P l ce ’ Ofi ed a So h 1 88 2 lo t an d W h £ 1 2 . e r Libr ry , t eby s , 4 July ( 955 , Ellis ite , by Ellis

S Q E o P o h c ur pe , a r p e y

W . l loo e r and W h in e a a o ov m 1 88 2 for 1 3 . . , ite th ir c t l gue , N e ber 45 Acquired by E p who a in 1 1 in o on and him t o a h Mrs olm . o Of B st , left by his d ug ter , J B P tter , g ve it 94 a m em ory of h e r fath er to t he H arva rd C ollege Libr ry .

6 h a a 1 n o . 1 . h M m of F 1 8 1 n o . x ib. : o on n ; E B st useu i e Arts , 9 , P il delphi , 939, 7 * l 1 a W a m a a on t en av and 1 8 1 2 on on 1 av . 7 pl tes 7 le es ter rk R T , le es , RUSE TURNER , k an m n : Fo a a . v a i a . n o o . n . n n se e le ves Pri ted bl ck U c l ured li ted by Bl e Arr ge e t i , ii , — — in o o h 1 S : 2 cm . o n 6 2 8 1 . a . . 2 , 7 , , 5 , 5 L cks pl iii ize 3 5 x 4 B u d red fl wered cl t , with

a n o America o . red le ther spi e , t gether with , c py N F i o o on l an or o merica o . Now in S r hist ry , see A , c py N the Ge rge Grey C llecti , Auck d P a Z a an . ublic Libr ry , New e l d

in 1 8 a a W a m a 1 8 1 8 1 8 1 and 1 8 20 . n on 1 8 v . K pl tes le es ter rk J WHATMAN , 9, Pri ted - - 1 o an a an d a o a a a c o o and o . [ ] r ge red . V ery be utifully el b r tely p i n ted with w ter l urs g ld — 6 an d are Fo a B a a o x a ls . a 1 1 8 in a . an s v li ted by l ke bl ck Arr ged b e , e cept th t p 7

° 0 a m m o h merica o . n o . c i S : 0 2 . o n n v tr sp sed ize 3 5 x 3 5 B u d ellu , t get er with A , c py ’ Now F am o Lim i ell s o For h o meri a o . in n . c J h c py ist ry , see A , c py O the itzwilli M m am useu , C bridge . S an h a a . o x ib. : Nat . a . 1 1 n o . 0 ; Man h 1 1 n o . 1 ; N t . , E G ll , 9 3, 9 c ester , 9 4 , 45 G ll c tl d 1 1 a 1 8 1 n o . 2 n o . 9 4 , c se A , 3 ; 9 7 ,

1 a a W a m a s a w a a art all o a on 1 v . on a L 7 pl tes 7 le es ter rk T STAI NS e ch le f, ith d te p y bliter ted 11 R wa - o o o on a an d 1 1 . n in a . n a n [ ] pl tes 9 Pri ted bl ck ece tly p i ted with ter c l urs , g ld — — k a a m . a . . n on v . an n : I 2 6 8 1 bei g used se er l pl tes Arr ge e t i , ii , , , 7 , , 3 5 , 5 L c s pl iii ’ Foliat — Th e o - a m a s am w as v on om a o th e ed 1 1 7 . c pper pl te ker s t p isible s e pl tes bef re o o cm w as a . S : o m w m m t o . n 2 2 c m . n o 2 2 2 c l uri g dded ize f r erly x 5 , tri ed 7 x The a m m n v a so a off of th e a s o n ot n ow o s on le ves were tri ed i di idu lly , th t the set pl te d es c rre p d t o m m in o o o . . R v . on s . o n e the i pressi B u d red r cc gilt , g , by i iere Th co was o m o n in a o merica o . e This py f r erly b u d grey c lf t gether with A , c py Q ’ vo m was o at So h 2 0 F a 1 1 lot Sa n a h av n lu e s ld t eby s , ebru ry 9 3 ( 59, bi , fter i g f or m a th e a w a a o n o . Th e o o n s o n bee any ye rs in libr ry of R . A . P tts c l uri g dded s

a a S wh o a h V . o . for W a . n o in am to n fterw rds lter T pe cer , s ld it the s e ye r Hersc el J es t o h o wa a So o Due t is the bo k s origi n lly listed as copies G a nd H . ld with the J n es ’ a t n o m Now a 8 lot 1 . Sm in n s 2 1 1 8 . Libr ry A ders , Dece ber 9 ( 4 , G D ith , the Sa a a n . n n o a M n n n o o n a . He ry E Hu ti gt Libr ry , ri , C lif r i

M Po t m s o co . 1 a s W a m a 1 . n in hu us py 7 pl te on 1 7 le av es . ter rk J WHATMAN 832 Pri ted ’ x - o - m n . n o o . a a o a m a a [ ] red br w U c l ured Arr n ged s ab ov e . The c pper pl te ker s st p is v o m a S : c a m a o n so s . m m o o o o 28 2 2 . o n in on isible e pl te ize x 5 B u d c te p r ry r cc , el b r a A m oo . e . o erica o tely t led , g , t gether with , C py P . ’ Sam B dd in to s F o . Now i F n o or o merica o . n uel g c py hist ry , see A , c py P the itz am M m am willi useu , C bridge .

F C : I n Wo ks b Willia m Blahe 1 8 6 ; W am M 1 88 A S I M I L E R E P R O D U CT I O N S r y , 7 illi uir , 7 , o o om v a o E Y ; and t o ls . 6 an d ; in n n o c l ured , fr se er l s urces , iii , reduced wi h ut p 7 gree , pl ace or d ate ( before

8 3 O O K OF D E I G N am b b W [A S M A L L B S S] L e th . Pri n t ed y ill Bl ake I 7 9:1 [ 1 796]

D E S C R I PT I O N 2 or 2 m s an o n om m n a oo o x n 3 [ 5] i cell e us desig s fr the Illu i ted B ks with ut te t , relief etchi gs of va o - o o n d . ri us sizes , c l ur pri te C O N T E N T S ( As foun d in copy A)

1 . F om Uriz en . 1 ; am . as a o . r , pl lettered L beth , etc , b ve F om Th a o 2 . e M rria e eav n a d ell e n . 1 1 r g f H H , pl . F Ur . m izen o 1 . 3 r , pl . 7 h V . F om T e I I arria a d ell e e ven a n . 1 6 . 4 r g of H H , pl m . a 1 5 The s e , pl . 4 .

6 . am e . 20 . The s , pl

F om r U izen . . . 2 7 r , pl 3

am o a 8 . . Th a n 2 on . e m The s e , pl 4 , l wer h lf ly he d e ergi g

a a figure shown . The se is bl ck an d fleck ed with foam ; behi n d is h am T e . . 9 . s e , pl 3

F om he l . 1 0 . . r T , pl ii

F om Ur n ize . 6 . 1 1 . 2 r , pl

am . . 1 2 . 2 The s e , pl

m . . 1 . a 8 3 The s e , pl

m . 1 . 1 . a 4 The s e , pl 9 Th am 1 . e . 1 0 . 5 s e , pl

m hel 1 6 . F o . . r T , pl 4 V o h au F om isi ns o t e h ers o lbion . . 1 . 7 r f D g t f A , pl 7

F om Ur zen . . 1 8 . i r , pl 7

m . 1 1 . a 1 . 9 The s e , pl

F om V sions the au h o n . 2 0 . i ers lbio . r of D g t f A , pl iii

Ur z n . 2 1 . F om i e . r , pl 5 h F om el . . 2 2 . r T , pl 5

m . . 2 . a 2 3 The s e , pl

N o T 1: n o n to o a B a v m a m o an two x am are There is evide ce sh w th t l ke e er de re th the e ples , which a O O e of h o a th e vo m o o of m a n . n rec rded bel w , this re rk ble series f desig s t ese is pr b bly lu e

to B a in a to a on n a n 1 8 1 8 o : referred by l ke letter D ws Tur er , d ted 9 Ju e , where he wr te

‘ I sen d you a List Of the di fferen t W orks you have d on e m e the hon our t o en quire after .

8 4

s Oz as um m inia u is are a Se lect ion f rom o e P in te for Mr um i. e . h Th I r d H phry [ i H p ry, t r t] ’ the ff e en Boo s of u h as co be P n e w o th e W t n tho to o ss of som di r t k s c uld ri t d ith ut ri i g , the L e be o w e ac o m an Poe i a PC TMM lfiCQ t M 8: of the s in s . F r en P n e e t th g they, h ri t d p rf ct , c p y t c l ’ d Prose 1 A s w ou whi Poem s ou n v have een E x e ut d . Poe an ct , ith t ch they c ld e er b c e ( try , 939, p . ’ Bot co es wou seem to ave b e en e x ec e in 1 — 6 e o of B a e s e x eri h pi ld h ut d 7 95 9 , the p ri d l k p - o B n ot ons s of x a t the m en a ion w o o n in . The eav s f o t t ith c l ur pri t g l e c py , which did c i t e c ly ' same s e s of in s as o A and on a ne e n s e ow m os O t h s ns in B a s eri pr t c py , c t i d l ge d b l t f e de ig l ke au o a ave en i ted e- a e n ow in m oss on has t gr ph , h be distr bu , but the ti tl p g , y p essi , the a e of th e m n a om 1 t o 1 6 w is esum a th e a e h n was d t i pri t ltered fr 7 94 7 9 , hich pr bly d t w e it - h o m n s an d ma e . The in s in both o s are a o ate o o in w a d pr t c pie el b r ly c l ur pr ted it p q ue pig e t , he som of them are e x cee n fine . m os his e e in 1 t e di gly Hu phry l t y sight 7 97 , but further w w 8 on e o v en h s to of e ve o was one for him is not n o n . ate in 1 28 i ry hich r c py d k L r , , c py , e id tly ’ ‘ c B o ws : n o a b mso . accoun of a e as l o A w s e s be R ha o n in . Smi , d ri d y ic rd Th J T th s t l k f l A ther publica ti on by Mr Bl ake cons is ted on ly of a sm all qua rto vol ume of twen ty-three en gravin gs of va o sha e s and e co ou e as befo e som of w are of e x ao ina ff ec t and ri us p siz s , l r d r , e hich tr rd ry e T e st la h e of an a e m an w a w e a swe in eau . h e tes in is se es are : t s b ty b p th ri fir t g d , ith hit be rd ep g h u d a a . 1 a ov a um an the o n . an wr n in oo a an n e no gr d iti g b k with e ch h d , k d [ b e] ; figure - s ou t h s a s h a ove an d the e at se a e e n no . 6 pre sin g i br in through is e ars [no . 3 b ] ; gr s rp t [ a ov ; but e a s e s is a u e s n in in a o m sea at su n the s en b e] p rh p the b t fig r i k g st r y set , pl did light 8 of an d th e oam on he b ac k waves are alm os m a a eff c s of o o in no . which , f up t l , t gic l e t c l ur g [ /t s a e fi s . la ke ode en a bove] . Ben e th th r t des ign is eng raven La mbeth prin ted by W B ( N - and his imes 1 8 28 ii Th e vo m e is a o es be b s 1 20 . T , , , lu ls d cri d y Gilchri t, i , 4 9

C o n s s

' - 2 a e s on 2 eaves . W ate m a 1 on . . o o n e . A 3 pl t 3 l r rk 794 J WHATMAN , pl 3 Thickly c l ur pri t d S ze x w i : 9 6 1 cm . Fo m e o n in a m o o o the ave no m oun 9 r rly b u d h lf r cc , but le s ted

se a ate l in ol e s for x h on . w e on e n um e e in n l now e as e p r y f d r e ibiti They er c b r d pe ci , r d , o but the rec rd of the arrangem en t was obta in ed before t he volum e was di s membered . Ac e 1 6 b q uir d in 85 y the Britis h Museum Prin t Room .

’

B se on co some a iff en a an e but th e aves av e n t bu e A c d py , wh t d er tly rr g d , le h e b e dis ri t d , al o th e s — o es in som e o w a he on e o m e ar of a oo of i th ugh titch h l sh th t t y c f r d p t b k , wh ch the followin g on ly have be en loca ted :

o - W - e 1 o in ed som e c o o was s . n m . e . C l ur pr t ith e wat r l ur he Un u b red W ith th d ate in the im in an ed b B a e t o 1 6 w in am n l es n e b a pr t ch g y l k 7 9 ; ith fr i g in , i scri b d y Bl ke be low : ‘ W hich is the W ay ’

The R or e . 0 ight the L ft S1 ze : 1 6 c 5 x 1 3 m .

' ‘ m On the bac k is the in scription : Th i s Coloured Prin t by W Bl a ke w as gi ven m e by ’ his W o F e a am S o . o an in and o t his id w r derick T th culpt r Acq uired by L rd Kill , s ld wi h ’ o e on at So e s 2 8 1 lot 1 1 6 ne s Now in th e oss s on c ll cti th by , July 947 ( , Key , p e si of eoff G rey Keynes .

8 5

' Blake s Illuminated Books

- 2 . o o a d n n n o a m s . C l ur pri ted fi ished with bright p que pig en t Unn u m bered . I n scribed bel o w by Bl ake : ‘ Death 8L Hell m ’ Tee with Life .

S : 1 1 8 c m . F a m an d a ize 3 x r ed gl zed .

Fo m in th e o on of an d o a n om h im a o 1 8 r erly p ssessi Herbert Gilchrist , bt i ed fr b ut 93 a E d e lhe im v n him t o s on-in-law a on o m hom by C rl . Gi e by his A . Edw rd Newt , fr w it w as n M a o o of a o a ne n P nns van a . i herited by his d ughter , iss C r li Newt , D ylesf rd , e yl i h b a o x i . : P a 1 n 1 8 . E hil delphi , 939, .

o - NO a a W - m a . o n m n o n a nd o o 5 C l ur pri ted . w ter rk . ithi d uble li e fr e uter light br wn o m b a . B a and n him o : w sh b rder Nu bered 9 y l ke , i scribed by bel w

‘ a Fl am in g Sword ’ R o v n v wa ev l i g e ery y.

S : 1 c m . Ma ize 2 4 x 1 9 tted . Fo m t h o o of o n a a in e n V . a S dn Mo an d r erly p ssessi J h rley L ter cquired by y ey rse ,

‘ ’ ' o h is o on as So ov n ov Bo at h 2 6 s ld with c llecti The ul h eri g er the dy C ristie s , July l a w No s n . Ro n a o o 1 2 ot 1 Coln hi 8 . in e e t n 9 9 ( 9, g , £ 7 the L si g J se w ld C ll c i ,

a on a a of W a n on . . N ti l G llery Art , shi gt , D C

- - m n n an d n a o o . . o o n t n a 9 C l ur pri ted , wi hi three fr i g li es fi ished wi th w ter c l urs

S : c m m . 1 1 Unn u bered ize 0 x 5 . ‘ ’ Sa Kn own as Fl am es of Furi o us Desire from a pencil in scripti on on the m oun t . id

f a th e av a a a am . in t o h e been s old by Mrs Bl ke t o d e ler n ed E Dann iels . A terw rds ’ o on of W a am Ro on an d o at 2 2 1 lot 8 c llecti . Gr h berts , s ld Christie s , July 949 ( 7 ,

am e £ 8 . Now in o on of off n s . E s , 7 t he p ssessi Ge rey Key e

- b a am n n . n o 1 2 . o o n n C l ur pri ted , withi three fr i g li es I scribed y Bl ke bel w

‘ ’ Te ach t hese Souls t o Fly.

m F a an d a . Size 1 8 x 2 0 cm . r ed gl zed h I n t e a a on on . T te G llery , L d

- B a ow a m n n . m 0 n 1 . o o n n a 2 5 C l ur pri ted , withi three fr i g li es Nu bered by l ke ( er sed) , and i n scribed by him bel ow :

‘ ’ D oe s t he Soul l abour thus ’ I n Cav er ns of The Grav e .

F am an d a . Size : 1 3 5 x 1 6 5 cm . r ed gl zed ‘ m o o o Sto ford oo and o as n a a n Fo in n f . r erly t he p ssessi p A Br ke , s ld Origi l Dr wi g , ’ ’ in a o o at So h 1 1 lot 0 a c w ter c l urs t eby s , 9 April 9 9 ( 45 , Edw rds , A quired by who a t o a m on o a nd o him to h a n . n Te plet Cr cker , s ld by C u cey B Ti ker , g ve it Y le n v a av n U i ersity Libr ry, New H e .

h . x hib. : P a a 1 n o . E il delphi , 939, 7 9

8 6 A Small Booli of Designs

- m a a nd n h im o 1 . o o n . 2 2 7 C l ur pri ted Nu bered by Bl ke , i scribed by bel w

W ait Sisters ’ Th o all is Lost . S : x cm ize 1 0 1 6 . Fo m n o on of Mac Don ald No w in o on o f r erly i the c llecti Dr Greville . the p ssessi

Geoff rey Keyn es .

- w am n n . m 1 a no 2 1 . o o n n C l ur pri ted , withi three fr i g li es Nu bered 9 by Bl ke ( a a nd n him o : er sed) , i scribed by bel w

‘ ’ The Book of my Rem em bran ce .

S : x 1 am F an d a . ize 1 4 2 8 c m . r ed gl zed ‘ d o as n a a n Fo m in o on of Sto ford . oo an r erly the p ssessi p A Br ke , s ld Origi l Dr wi g , ’ ’ in a o o at So 1 1 lot 8 Tre ask is w ter c l urs theby s , 9 April 9 9 ( 44 , g , Acquired by wh a t o a m on o an d so him to h a n . n o Te plet Cr cker , ld by C u cey B Ti ker , g ve it Y le

n v a a n . U i ersity Libr ry , New H ve h i . a a x b : 1 n o . 8 . E Phil delphi , 939, 7

Ur z - a F om i en . ; n ot n in o . o o n . m 1 r , pl 9 represe ted c py A C l ur pri ted Nu bered 3 by a an d n him o : Bl ke , i scribed by bel w

‘ ’ Etern ally I l abour on .

0 F am a a . Size : 20 7 x 1 59 cm . r ed nd gl zed

‘ F d a a a o m in o on of St o ford . oo an so s n n r erly the p ssessi p A Br ke , ld Origi l Dr wi g , ’ ’ in a e o o at Sot 1 1 lot 1 Tre ask is in w t r c l urs heby s , 9 April 9 9 ( 45 , g , Acquired

1 1 a W . a h a a 92 through G briel ells by A Edw rd Newton . Sold with is libr ry t P arke B n 1 6 1 1 lot 1 S s Now in o on of M er et , April 94 ( 33, e sler , the p ssessi iss

a o n on of a o Pa . C r li e Newt , D ylesf rd , h ib. : a h a 1 x n o . 8 0 on as Urizen . E Phil delp i , 939, (wr gly described , pl

F om r z n - U i e . 1 n . 2 ot n in o o o n . n o r , pl ; represe ted c py A C l ur pri ted I scribed bel w by Bl ake ‘ ’ a o a n o I l b r upw rds i t futurity . - Size : 1 5 x 9 6 cm . ‘ F m i th e o n o on of Sto ford . oo e and o as n a a n r erly p ssessi p A Br k , s ld Origi l Dr wi g , ’ ’ in w a at So h o o 1 1 lot V . on ter c l urs t eby s , 9 April 9 9 ( Acquired by Herschel J es , and v n him to a h T M on of h N . Y . gi e by his d ug ter , iss essie J es , Newburg ,

8 7 bo [A L A R G E BOOK o r D E S I G NS . A u t 1 7 95 ]

D E S C R I PT I O N 8 or m an o n h o x n -e n a in an d n of a o [ 9] iscell e us desig s wit ut te t , li e gr v gs relief etchi gs v ri us - o o n . sizes , c l ur pri ted

o n in o C O N T E N T S . ( As f u d c p y A) ‘ ' ‘ ’ f on or a Da x c m o a 1 . an o 2 2 0 m a t n n a n The D ce Albi Gl d y , 7 si il r the e rly li e e gr vi g d n o o - n o m am a e R n n a n Se avi s . . . 6 evide tly c l ur pri ted fr the s e pl te ussell , E g r g , p 5 ‘ ' Th of . e M om a n a 1 x 1 2 c m 2 n n 2 . Se e Accusers Theft , Adultery , urder , fr li e e gr vi g ,

n a n 6 . r vi s . 6 Russell , E g g , p

m 1 . o Urizen . 2 3 . Fr , pl F om V isions o the a u h er o lbion . s . . 4 r f D g t f A , pl 4

am . 5 . The s e , pl . i

m a a a - - . o of S 6 n to n a an s o a x 1 0 cm . e e J seph Ari the pre chi g the i h bi t t f Brit in . 7 5 5

R n ra vin s . 6 . ussell , E g g , p 5

F om Urizen . 1 . 7 . r , pl 4

m me a . . 8 . F o ic r A r , pl d NOTE Th is series of design s is si m il ar in m an y respects t o th a t which h as alre ady been described

m a k o i n w m a a as S ll Boo es s an d as o a on a o th e am o . A f D g , pr b bly d e b ut s e peri d It y first h ve a for a m h h a o n o of o n x re n . bee e ecuted by Bl ke Ozi s Hu p ry , but t ere defi ite rec rds its hist ry ’ - w R o o of uro e as . Sm of B a a A c ol ur prin ted c py E p described in J T . ith s life l ke by ich rd ‘ om on wh o a : end of oe m are n a a n av n on o o Th s , dded At the this p seve sep r te e gr i gs f li a w o - w are o o o m a of th e o a p ges , ith ut letter press , hich c l ured like the f r er p rt w rk , with degree

of n o and o as a m o t o m in oil o o . n of are sple d ur f rce , l st rese ble sketches c l urs The fi est these an n a o of o n o a figure of an an gel st di g in the s un ( pl . gr up three furies surr u ded by cl uds

o a nd a of a m an n n a a i on n o . a nd fire ( n . figure sitti g be e th tree n t he deepest dejecti ( ' a ll of wh ich are peculi a rly rem arkable f or their strength a nd splend our of col o urin g

Nollekens an d his imes 1 8 2 8 o m to to o w as ( T , , ii , 47 9 This w uld see refer c py A , which separated at a l ater d ate from the copy of E urope with which they were origi n ally as s oci ated . a of n of m a m on of n of a w as o a Bec use the existe ce si il r i pressi s seve the pl tes , it supp sed th t w h as n ow n o a m a av m a a no o n o o n . o Bl ke y h e de ther c py , br ke up H wever , it bee disc vered h a t of at a on o m a of a o of The Son Los o an d a t t hree these le st ce f r ed p rt c py g of , c py B , I n a on a n n a n ot o t at n o n U h o of am oo . f ur h is prese t b u d p wit c py E the s e b k dditi i th pl te , n in co m a in an d a m n h as n d an d o represe ted py A , but si il r style tre t e t , tur e up , it is p ssible h a th e on to o F of th e V isions the a u h e s lbion om am o r t t fr tispiece c py of D g t r of A , fr t he s e s u ce a s The Son Los o m a av n a a a m on a h an t he m n g of , c py B , y h e bee sep r te i pressi r ther t issi g

8 8

’ Blake s Illuminated Books

d o to Ro n a h in 1 o a a . an m 2 B . n A White , s ld se b c 9 9 with ther l ke ite s The purch sed o d n ow a co o a n . R n a an in n on a a of by Lessi g J se w ld th t llecti , N ti l G llery Art , W a n on . . shi gt , D C

h a a 11 0 . 8 2 . x hib. : 1 E P il delphi , 939,

o o - n ov n m on of x m a n o h on C l ur pri ted , er bli d i pressi te t , i pressed cle rly e ug the

No a m a . m a a . S : 1 c m . p per to be deciphered w ter rk Nu bered 9 by Bl ke . ize 2 3 x 2 4 ’ So a t o on 1 an a 1 0 lot 2 2 m a on h n in ld H dgs s , 4 J u ry 9 4 ( 3, Os st , T e t he ' o m a on an d o for o a So h m on of F. . t 1 o p ssessi P Os st , s ld his wid w t eby s , 4 N ve ber

W An on . a an d o h 1 2 8 lot 6 2 . 9 ( 9 , G ells , Acquired by t G H rdy , s ld wit his o on a t a - m 1 an a 1 2 lot 20 Ro n a h Now in th e c llecti P rke Be et , 4 J u ry 94 ( , se b c , W n Ro n a o on a on a a of a h n on . . Lessi g J . se w ld C llecti , N ti l G llery Art , s i gt , D C

W - F om Urizen . 2 2 ; n ot en in o . a m a 1 . o o n r , p repres ted c py A ter rk 7 94 C l ur pri ted , - an d m a n n n in a o o . nn m oun e g ifice tly fi ished w ter c l urs U u bered , but surr d d with am n n and n o B a e fr i g li es , i scribed bel w by l k

‘ Frozen d oors t o m ock ’ The W orld : while they with in torm en ts upl ock .

c Size : 2 6 2 x 1 8 5 m . Fo m in B x on Fo m an o on and o as an o n a a - o o r erly the u t r c llecti , s ld rigi l w ter c l ur

’ a n at An on 1 Ma 1 20 lot 66 Ro n a h h n in dr wi g ders s , 5 rch 9 ( , se b c , T e the f a on and o t a at Pa - m o on o . p ssessi A Edw rd Newt , s ld wi h his libr ry rke Be et , 1 6 1 1 lot 1 2 va Now in o on of o h o an April 94 ( 3 , pri te , the p ssessi J sep H ll d , of New Y ork .

a o . 8 2 . x hib. : P a 1 n E hil delphi , 939,

9 0

’ Blake s Illuminated Books

in 1 2 w t h ot he lake i m'd m ed 9 9 i r B tems . Then p

xhib. : Ph ad e h ia 1 no. 82 . E il lp , 939,

' i W - 1 28 lot 6 9 ( . e ls i ed b Am e n lia ( iv wit h 9 ( 9 . l , Acq u r y r

From Urizen . 22 not e es en e in o , p ; r pr t d c py w - and magnificen tly finished in ater co lours . fram n in s and n sc e be ow b Bla e i g l e , i rib d l y k

‘ Frozen d oo rs to mock

x Size : 1 8 5 cm .

1 6 i 1 1 lot 1 2 va e Now Apr l 94 ( 3 , pri t , of New Y ork .

x hib. : P ilad e a 1 no . 8 2 . E h lphi , 939,

E T H S O NG of | L O S Lam be th Pr i n ted by W Bl ak e 1 7 95 .

Colo hon : Th e O G o O E z N f is d . Uri en W e t p S L S n d e p .

D 15 s c R 1 PT O N F o - ls . A a a a on ls . 8 a n ia ls . 2 ri c 2 ls . s 2 2 r tispiece , title , p , f , p , A , p , full p ge illustr ti s , p pl tes , a o x c m m x n o o 2 1 . an d a on s or 2 2 1 c . e b ut 4 7 ( title illustr ti ) , x 4 ( t t) , relief etchi g , c l ured o a e m n with p qu pig e t . C O N T E N T S wa F on . m a a a n a 1 . n om a an d n om n n r tispiece A dr ped fr the w ist , see fr behi d , k eels f ci g y at a on a a o a m s st e lt r bef re ottled un . l - a h n a old m am . f 2 . T e So . o o a a oun o n an Tit e p ge g , etc Bel w , bef re b ckgr d hills , ( Ad ) a o n a n on o n and a s a his an n on a with fl wi g be rd recli es the gr u d g ze upw rds , left h d resti g skull .

ica . w l in ou a n n am o of th e . r : I l o n 3 Af Begi n s i s g y so g of Los . A serpe t c ils g the letters a o n ; va n a o . ea t o a H ar n awn he di g ri us i sects fly b ut N r the p , child ( ) with k ees dr up sleeps h s with i ram .

’ Th w a a a ow . h hu w n . n : ese ere t e C rches . t o n e 4 Begi s Ne r the p , flyi g figur ith b t s wi gs Bel , H ar d a a o u t o an H ev cl spin g n e another r n from left right . F - a a a a k a h of Fa o n and . on . n e s s t e n 5 ull p ge illustr ti U d r d rk y with st r , Ki g iries cr w ed o n a s t on on e t o his on an o n out h ldi g cep re sits lily , while right ther his Quee lies stretched d a th e a n Ro a . 1 of h o oo Ro an a nd sleep . ( Cf. dr wi g by bert Bl ke on p 3 t e N teb k ( ssetti t wo a — o o v on of a m a as on an d an a on e o m w ter c l ur ersi s si il r subject , described Ober Tit i f r erly i th e o h e F h a a n on of o o in th o S a . c llecti P ilip H fer , the ther lger kespe re Libr ry ) ia The o sia h a d o a m h of a av s . n : Kin s e r . e in in o 6 . A Begi s g f A Bel w the h d g the ut c e m o m a m a m an a o o a - a n an n n an n an n . t an ude k eels supp rti g i i te fe le E ti Bel w , the right h d

m a n a n m an o on on e n a n in a m . rgi , ude cr uches k ee with his he d hidde his r s d h - B n : To ut the br a rom t e ci . m a n a th e t o a . c e an n n 7 egi s of f ty At the right h d rgi , e r p , ude a a a figure wit h ben t rm s an d legs f lls headl on g ; t o the left re boughs of trees . F - a L s o a h s h a m . T o 8 s a on . an n n o i an in on a m ull p ge illu tr ti he gi t k eels cl ud ds rest g h er , d a a m so o m an g zes on huge cri n s un bel w hi . N O T E The Son Los as - a a on s t o th e a 1 an d o o Urizen g of , the title p ge st tes , bel g ye r 7 95 , f ll ws v th e o of m om both in con ten t an d d ate of com pleti on . I t gi es hist ry an fr the begi nn in g of v a on t o m an R vo on onn e n o on of n ci iliz ti the A eric e luti , c cti g the prehist ric e s eter ity , described i U a han a o r a a u n rizen an d in A i m n an d on of me ic nd ro e . l ter , with the der future chr icles A E p After the fall of Ad am m an kin d is gi v en religi on an d ph il osophy in vari ou s form s by Urizen o th e n of Los in o wo e ve a a - oa om an thr ugh childre ; ther rds , repr ssi l ws , sug r c ted by r tic

9 1 ’ Blake s Illuminated Books m t ho o a o o h m o m a a o o t an d re m n t e an a . of n n y l gies , i p sed up hu r ce The j ys the i gi ti , p e ry a n n — H ar an d H e va— fle e war and n m c h o a o m a p i ti g ; lust , e ergies isdire ted by yp critic l d g ,

h a h o a a t o o h . Man o o in a n n o n t e o n fl uris thus s rr ws u ppy w rld , u til rev luti ry Orc sh ll rise o usher in th e Last Judgem en t an d l oose him from the bonds f m a teri alis m an d m orta lity .

n o of The S on o Los a re n o n an d h are n ow n o m in on n ts . O ly five c pies g f k w , t ey u if r c te o h a on on e a re of o o m a n a o x 2 c m . and on f in All f li size , e suri g b ut 35 5 , c sist eig t pl tes , pr ted

h o a a e h a of n are av of t e av n . r n in n an d side le es ly The pl tes pri ted s des gree , the desig s he ily an d ra th er s om brely col our-pri n ted with s om e careful to uch i n g up in opaque pigm en ts and a - o o o all m t o h av n n h at a m m a o 1 an d w ter c l urs . They w uld see e bee fi is ed the s e ti e , b ut 7 95 ,

a n ot a a n a oo n or a ve fo r a . Bl ke did pp re tly l ter reissue the b k , d rtise it s le o of a of x o n ot va th e o on of th e - a n n ot The rder the pl tes te t d es ry, but p siti full p ge desig s is h - a a a am . I n o on on e an av o a a lw ys the s e c py E , the ly with y le es f li ted by Bl ke , t ree full p ge ls 6 and 8 a o m on t o be a of a e Book o esi ns o . 2 pl tes f r erly c sidered p rt A L rg f D g (c py B , p , ) were o n a n a o e n an t o x has n ot n e luc i rigi lly i cluded , lth ugh th ir sig ific ce with respect the te t bee o f h e o a a v . fi ve n of in a a . I n n on o t a m d ted e c pies is w ter rk isible The first li es the text , curi us

’ h om a n t o a a o m are in om an in a . retur Bl ke s e rliest f r , etched r letters ; the rest is i t lic T s

’ o o n Butt s copy ( D) is the n ly n e wh ose early history is k own .

C O P I E S

w - v o - n NO a m a . P n i o v n . a o A 8 pl ates on 8 leav es . ter rk ri ted n li e gree He ily c l ur pri ted m o o o m . Bo n in a o a m . an as a ov S : c en . e 2 with p que pig ts Arr ged b e iz 34 5 x 5 u d h lf r cc ,

e . g .

as om Mess van in 1 8 6 an d n ow in th e M m P n Room . Purch ed fr rs E s 5 , British useu ri t

hib. : 1 n o . x 2 . 8 E 9 7 , 4

- R o o - in 8 a e on 8 av . No a m a . P n in o n n . B pl t s le es w ter rk ri ted br w gree ichly c l ur pr ted , - o w a x of av m B a om a o a . Si n s e bright w ter c l ur shes dded the le es u bered by l ke , his

n m e in in a as o ow : 2 6 8 n u b r g br ckets , f ll s 4 5 7 i cluded

’ f The ar e d ls . 2 6 and 8 o in e o n a as B a n os . an this seri s rigi lly l ke s 3, 5 9 were p , , L g

m . oo in o o . Boo/r esi ns o B . S : 2 2 2 c q g (c py ) ize 3 3 x 4 L se , cl th f lder o w as o m o n merica o B and o n th e This c py f r erly b u d up with A , C py , ther desig s , but ’ v o m w as o n an d oo o at o on 1 an a 1 0 lot 2 2 lu e br ke up this b k s ld H dgs s , 4 J u ry 9 4 ( 4 , W W a d o to Ro n a uaritch n a am . n Q , The cquired by illi A hite , s ld se b ch with f Now n . Ro n a o e on a o o a m in 1 2 . in ther Bl ke ite s 9 9 the Lessi g J se w ld C ll cti , Libr ry

on e s W a n on . . C gr s , shi gt , D C

x hib. : o 1 0 n o . 0 ; P a a 1 n o . 86 . E Gr lier Club , 9 5 , 3 hil delphi , 939,

- - in o a No wa m a . P in o v n . o o n C 8 pl a tes on 8 l eaves . ter rk ri n ted li e gree C l ur pri ted p que

- - S : m n : 1 8 6 . m n om a o o a a . a n 2 pig e ts , s e w ter c l ur w shes dded Arr ge e t , , 4 , , 7 , 5 ize

l a m o o o V isions o the a u h e s o 6 2 cm . o n in o d o 3 x 5 B u d h lf red r cc , t get her with f D g t r f Albion o uro a nd e o . , c py H , E p , c py G o Now in th e o on F r o V isions the au h ers o Albion o . hist ry , see of D g t f , c py H p ssessi of Mrs W am m o of am Ma n . illi E ers C bridge , ss h E r ib. : o 1 0 n o . 1 . Gr lier Club , 9 5 , 3

9 2

T H E O O K oi A H E T B | A N I A L A M B H Pri n t ed by W Blak e 1 7 95 .

D E S C R I PT I O N F on s Ahania —v s . l l . 1 a a o c o a 2 . 6 1 m . n r tispiece , Title , p , , chs , 4 p pl tes , b ut 3 5 x 7 5 , rdi ry n x n in o o m n th n o o etchi g ; the te t fi ely etched d uble c lu s ; e desig s c l ured . C O N T E N T S Fron is iece: Urizen s a o o n t o n ; Ah an ia a n e om an t p sit with his he d b wed d w his k ees , ud w , n n a nd oo o a k eels betwee his legs l ks up t w rd the right .

- ‘ 1 . a Th h . B o a o o ha an d e Boo . o m f A an a h n Title p ge , etc el w , the Sh d wy f r b i wit flyi g ir a oa n o e a ou n and a m o s . U. ize n dr pery fl ts betwee cl uds , her h d twisted r d her r s ut tretched (cf , pl .

’ Aha nia ha — - 2 . : . F o n a h 1 n : uz n o c ario iron win d . No o a on . , C p 9 Begi s t g dec r ti ha - - . d ha n : 1 1 But th head o Ur zen a he i . 0 an : I I I : 1 . n : e o e i 3 C p , C p , 4 Begi s f r f g t r g o a N decor ti on . ha — ha V — — a . : m he d s m l 6 : I : 1 1 0 an d ha : V 1 . B n : O iron ro t i 4 [C p [4] , C p , C p , 5 egi s f , f had s e . No o a dec r ti on .

ha : V — . But a d r o th a z or 1 . e n : I w n e n e rocks . a th e n Uri en 5 [C p ] [5] 4 B gi s T ilpiece , f lle ( a h am on an e on o . Albi ) , gi t figure , li s crus ed g r cks N O T E a ann e a Firs an d Second Boo/t o Urizen for om a on n am to Bl ke pl d t f , but s e re s whe he c e put ou t th e on n a on of m h a n on om o t o a m h e a c ti u ti his yt , c rryi g it fr prehist ric Biblic l ti es , c lled h a m A ani . o av o e m o of of a o it The hist ry , he ily bscur d by sy b ls , tells the flight the Isr elites fr th e m o on of Mo a o e m n in a an d on of Egypt , i p siti the s ic c de , t h ir settle e t Asi , the crucifixi m f th e vo of Fu z - a a a Lu vah a a n a h . e s o on P on e Jesus The yth t ll re lt ssi (l t r c lled ) g i st his f t er , -R a o Fu z a U a a ou m an a on Urizen n . on s rizen in th e o n t e t e s After bl st l i s , the l t r c sts his E ti , - a I a m om F t he on of Ahan ia Ple sure . n en t of supposed trium ph u zon is struck by st e t he a o a nd Urizen n x an a who in e on of on . D c l gue , he is crucified t he tree religi the e iles Ab i ,

n e om Sin and oo en ov o a a n of Ah an ia . hidi g b c es , the b k ds with the l ely , p etic l pl i t

Ahania a s o oo on n of onl a on ec e an d fi ve a s an d w The Booh' is h rt b k , c sisti g y fr tispi pl te , ith o of Los the on ly w ork e x ecuted by Bl ake by the ord in a ry process of in tagli etchin g . The - x in a e a h m o v h an a of th e e oo s . n te t is it lic l tter , r t er re cursi e t t h t relief etch d b k The desig s - f oo no n om w on e am are o o n . n on e o o c l ur pri ted O ly c py the b k is k w , fr hich the fr tispiece b c e w oo I n a on are a a a on x am of h a a n o . sep r ted , but sec d e ple t t pl te is with the b k dditi , there a w as a a o a h his m h of Fu zon or a few scattered pl ates . Bl ke pp ren tly n t s tisfied with ei t er yt

for a th e of n ta o i n so n v t he o n or a v . results i gli etch g , he e er reissued w rk , d ertised it s le

9 4 The Book of Ahania

C O P I E S

- in a o . o o n 6 a o 6 av No a m a . n n n n . A pl tes le es w ter rk Pri ted d rk br w Desig s , c l ur pri ted , - w a a o of a in an d a on . on s n an o the title p ge blue grey l e The fr tispiece l cki g , but ther c py S m n a e om a o n h as n om an o o . the issi g pl t , s ewh t cut d w , bee supplied fr ther s urce ize

i h a m o o o a . 2 2 cm . n o n . e . n 9 x 34 U b u d , g , lf blue r cc c se ’ Sold at Sotheby s in 1 855 and subs equen tly acquired by Rich ard Mon ckton ’ M R o son a of at So ln o o on . i es , L rd H ught es ld by his , the E rl Crewe , theby s , W o 0 Ma 1 0 lot uaritch W am . 3 rch 9 3 ( 7 , Q , Acquired by illi A hite , wh se - a So to Ro n a o a n a a 2 0 1 0 on a fl . Sig ture , d ted April 9 3, is y le f ld se b ch with ther Bl ke Ro n a o on a of on m in 1 2 an d n ow in n . ite s 9 9, the Lessi g J se w ld C llecti , Libr ry C gress , ’ W a W a o 1 1 a 1 lot R . . was o at S M 8 20 n on . on shi gt , D C The fr tispiece s ld theby s , y 95 ( , rd , was a n om a n of a £ 2 . This m ay be the s am e on e which obt i ed fr frie d Bl ke by ' So at So h e and a on t o a a on of n . Judge B wley , l ter bel ged Dr P ul C rt , Dubli ld t eby s , 1 1 m 1 lot 6 2 2 and a for and a t o o in Dece ber 935 ( , Ulysses , cquired dded the c py a the Rosen w ld C ollecti on .

a . x hib. : o 1 0 n o . 2 o on ; P a 1 n o 8 E Gr lier Club , 9 5 , 9 (with ut fr tispiece) hil delphi , 939, 7 on ( with fr tispiece) .

* B S a a o c ttere d pl tes n ly . - - a N . S x c m . n oun on . o o n : 2 Fr tispiece o w aterm ark . C l ur pri ted ize 29 3 4 U b d ; the stitch-holes at the right-han d border m atch those of copy A Showi n g it origi n ally o bel n ged with it . S a a om oo n e e o on was so in 1 0 e n n ep r ted fr the b k whe the Cr w c llecti ld 9 3, b i g i cluded i a a a S a d o n e lot of m an o n av n s . n o . . an sep r t iscell e us e gr i g The b ught by E J h w , res ld ’ o on at So 2 1 2 lot 1 62 n Now in th e with his c llecti theby s , 9 July 9 5 ( , Key es , o o of ff p ssessi n Geo rey Keyn es . hi x b. : 1 2 n o . 8 . E 9 7 , 5 Re rod uc n : io Mo a W i o lak . n on L e B e 1 2 8 . p t ils , f f , 9 7 , pl b a w o av . No a m a . in o . Title ( twice) nd pl . 3 n three le es w ter rk Pri n ted br n The secon d m f o - on o S : 1 t o 1 6 t o 1 0 cm . o n i i pressi the title c l our pri n ted . ize 3 4 47 x 9 7 B u d n v blue le an t m orocc o . These were prob ably in the s am e volum e of Blakian a as the three proofs ( a—c ) of merica for o W a m ; . v . n th e v o m w s o n o . S r . A hist ry , q he lu e br ke up by Ge rge C ith , J , t s a o So w a at a -B m o m n o . 2 he e pl tes were b u d up t gether ld ith his libr ry P rke e et , N ve ber 1 8 lot h h an n on a n . n an d n im 93 ( 37 , G , Acquired by C u cey B Ti ker , give by t l o a n v a av n . Y e U i ersity Libr ry , New H e c N ] . . m a a o a o : 1 6 cm . M . P 4 w ter rk . Un c l oured . Size 2 07 x 7 tted P art of a collecti on of m iscell an e ous Bl ake item s boun d up together with the proofs of hel fo N w ; r s o . v. o in Th e on Mo an a o . T hi t ry, q Pierp t rg Libr ry , New Y rk

FA C S i M l L E : O E Y ; 1 8 2 o o . R E P R O D U CT I N S , iii Griggs , 9 , c l ured

9 5 T I I E B O O K of | L O S L A M B E T H Pri n t ed by W Bl ake 1 7 95

Colophon : Th e e nd of t h e B ook of L O S

D E S C R I PT I O N — = o o h . 1 1 ls . a a o 1 1 c m . o a F n 2 ls . L s c 1 0 in r tispiece , title , p , , , 3 p 5 pl tes , b ut 3 5 x , rd ry etchi n g ; th e te x t fi n ely etched in d ouble colu mn s ; th e desig n s col oured .

C O N T E N T S w F o . o a o a o o a 1 . n E n a om a n on o n l n r tispiece , w with l g , white h ir , cr uches st e sl b , her h h kn ees drawn up to her c in ; d ark rocks l oom be in d her . - h S an m Book . a o om LO a n e m n o n s 2 . a . T e Title p ge , etc Ne r the b tt , , ud , see fr behi d , sit

huddled in a c av e . — ha . : a d her a of ad in . Los . . 1 1 n E no e Mo . I n n 3 C p , 9 Begi s g t the ce tr l letter the he g , Urizen h olds open t he B ook of Law ; roun d h im is the Net of Religi on which spre ads ou t

bel ow en sn ari ng the recum ben t figures of a you th and a m a iden .

— - — knes un d ha . : a I 1 ha . 1 1 1 a ha . 1 1 1 1 B n s o Los . . 0 n d 4 [C p ] , [9] , C p , 9, C p , 4 egi s D r r

No o a o . hea t was not . dec r ti n ha — V — m m s Fi ous Fo m hin I I I an d ha . I . n : An i en e b s e c . . 6 1 5 [C p ] , [4] , C p , 9 Begi s r r , tr t g

Los a t a m a n o n at s u n. out . a n on o o T ilpiece , k eels cl ud wi h utstretched r s g zi g d w the

N O T E The Book Los o of a on of m a n a Los o in th e of retells the hist ry the g y the pri ev l eter l , c ver g h o k o r z Los Po S a a am o o as T e B o U i en . o in s e prehist ric peri d f , the etic pirit , fter the rig l - a a a split of etern ity fi n ds hi m self subject t o th e power of Urizen Re s on . He struggles g in st

h im ak r o n o vo of o and n t o a m o m an d a e . a , bre s th ugh i t the id err r , begi s ssu e f r sh p He cre tes

in o an d n a s un as th e n r of m t o n Urizen . light the v id the ce t e the syste , which he bi ds This o o Urizen to a a and o of a on n m a a a t rture f rces t ke Sh pe , the pr cess cre ti is begu wi th the teri liz

’ m a a m of a h a ti on of e arth a nd m a n. The yth is rest te en t Bl ke s belief t t the first step in

h m a a o o a n o of a o overc om i n g error is t o defi n e it ; ere poetic i gin ti n f rces defi iti n re s n . k The Book o Aha nia m a vo m in n a o a nd x s in onl Li e f this s ll lu e is etched i t gli , like it e ist y a o M a I n n on e a om oo in o a n . am a si n gle c opy . dditi there is pl te fr t he b k the rg Libr ry The s e a a on on n an d o m a m av x a nd a n n off o diss tisf cti with c te t f r t ust h e e isted , fter pri ti g p ssibly h a proof o r t w o an d on e com plete copy Bl ake disc arded T e Book of Los . I t con sists of a - a o Th on a nd a a nd o of o o . e fr tispiece , title p ge three pl tes , is the sh rtest the pr phetic b ks title a a 1 a nd as o x in h a of x m n a on th e n p ge is d ted 7 95 , w uld be e pected t is ye r e peri e t ti desig s - w v m a v n or a s n . a re c ol o ur prin ted . Bl ke n e er m en ti on ed it in his riti gs d erti e e ts

9 6

M I L T O N a Poe m in B ooks Th e A u tho r 8c Pri n te r W Bl ak e

1 s s o o o 804 To Ju ti fy t he W ay f G d t Me n .

D E S C R I PT I O N k he i o d onl 1 l . Boo t F r s k Pr ace n an i s 2 2 l . Boo the Sec nd 1 l. o Title , p , ef ( c pies A B y) , p , t , p , , - s ls . a on a a ls . o 1 . a a o 8 in l r n in o r 6 ls . 3 p , full p ge illust ti s , p , dditi l pl tes , 5 p ( c py C) p ( = - o a a o 1 6 1 1 c m . h or 0 n a n d a c o o . c py D) 45 , 49 5 pl tes , b ut x , relief etchi g , p i te wit w ter l urs

C O N T E N T S - h lton . a s a o . T e o are a an o n a a 1 . a . h ii n Title p ge , etc , b ve w rds rr ged r u d ce tr l figure , h a of M on as a n a o n om n n o a a a of m o t t ilt ked y uth see fr behi d , steppi g t w rds pill r s ke with

h h h a a h h his rig t an d outstretc ed nd his f ce turn ed slightly t o t e rig t .

d erv ed Wr n s 2 . r a e . o a n er m B o o a P c B n : The S len P i i o er . an ef egi s t t t g of H el w , f ur st z s of o d hose n h e o om a w - in a h b e irm in : An d di ee in a cien ime . t t o n f ur l es e c , g g t f t t t At b tt , li e

om m s x i. 2 . tex t fr Nu ber , 9 h Mil on Book rs . : a ers o B lah ! o the a a . . the Fi n s u eu n a a 3 t t Begi D g t f Ab ve he di g , l rge st r m o of M on to th e a on t w o in n o a m an ( the sy b l ilt ) right sheds its r ys recl i g figures bel w , am on m g corn an d a wo an am on g grapes .

F u ld n d r a l. a . n : From Gol onooza the s iri ua l o o o on e e n bo om th e 4 Begi s g p t r f L t Ne r the tt , ti n y figure of a traveller on h orseback passes thro ugh a coloss al Druidic a rchway of thr ee on and on on a h a an o a an d a o n m oo n are in st es , is c fr ted by uge b l ced b ulder ; st rs y u g the sky

. erus alem . (cf j , pl °

. n : B E nithar mon s ooms 69 S un benea h the S in dle o i zah . i h 5 Begi s y L , p t p f T r At the r g t w a nd n in a an d n . bet ee l es , few Slight figures , birds te drils

6 . n : h I ea n while zee Sa a n be o e Los accusin Pa la m abron . S o a on at Begi s pt t f r , g light dec r ti s h w t o n at o om . rig t , te drils b tt

d a . m n S h a . 7 Begin s : A ll Eden descen ded in to Pala abr ons ten t . lig t figures t right - . To a n a m i am h is od 8 a a on . an n con o Full p ge illustr ti the right , Orc , ked fl es , b y t rted , tan on a a LOS and E n ith arm on an t o a n at him in a of o o s ds pedest l ; st d the left g zi g ttitudes h rr r .

h m a . a n t an d a 9 Begi n s : H e set is f ace ag ins t jerusale . Ti y figures the right ten drils cross between li n es . h 1 0 . B in : For er li h s rr ble to m . o n i e i e T n . eg s g t t right , ti y udes fly 1 1 . n . k o h a th da k ha d n a a h Begi s Sic C uc be rs e r s es of Eter l De t . Ti ny figures fly on the h a nd n x n n n . rig t , te drils e te d betwee li es

rdin to t ns a ion o n us . a o a 1 2 . n : cco he i i the Poe ic e i th e t n e to Begi s A g p r t f t G Ne r p , C i fle s h h h o t e om o o . l right fr the c rpse f Abel un der a tree (cf T e G ost f Abe ) . - . F a a a m 1 on . M on a n a e n an ou t 3 ull p ge illustr ti ilt , k d figure with i bus , st ds wi th

a m on a a o n w h n a an of t n s un in stretched r s d rk gl be , behi d hic is see the r di t edge the se ti g ; his a h right h nd he olds a girdle ; from his left a cl oak h a ngs .

9 8 Milton a Poem

1 n : As when a man drea ms he lec s not ha his bod slee s . a th e o om 4 . Begi s , ref t t t y p Ne r b tt , t o a om an Milton falls backw ards as a star desce n ds on his left foot (cf. pl . the right w turn s aw ay ; a ston e w all is between them ; t o th e right from top to bottom are a w om an an d a child a nd t wo separate bendi n g figures . - I a a o and o m a n a F a a on . n 1 . 5 ull p ge illustr ti the upper p rt , y uth f ur ide s , the liber ted s n a on m a n m n a n a o of a ; o a as e ses , pl y up usic l i stru e ts w lki g cr ss t he crest hill bel w , Bl ke , a n o oo t o a th e n of Urize n who o n th e ude y uth , steps up with his left f t gr sp eck , sits h ldi g

n o : To nnihila e the Se -hood o ecei 65 tables of t he Law with either hand . I scribed bel w A t lf f D t

False Forgiveness . ° B n th h emales whom his wives 69 hose hree whom his da u h ers . ov 1 6 . n : I e ree egi s t f , t t g t Ab e , ’ Milton s three wi v es sit on a c ouch t o the right and turn their faces from th e three d aughters w Los as a -m an an d Urizen o a ho an o m t o th e . o d ce bef re the left Bel w , , tree , , wh se he d

m om a O o a of M on n om . e erges fr the e rth , pp se the p th ilt stridi g fr the left

h d h Sm a at h . An d e also darken is br ows . 1 7 . Begi n s : ll figures the rig t

Sm a at h . w a h he o her swe ec ed . 1 8 . Begi n s : o yet but one : e c in t t et refl t ll figures the rig t - Ada a . A n d d w d n ded n o Udan n . Sm a t 1 9 . Begi n s : o n esce i t ll figures the right

h . h d h h a n s . Sm a at 2 0 . Begi n s : T o riven a way wit t e S even St rry O e ll figures the rig t F - a a a n a a t o Los m n om 2 1 . on . n e n ull p ge illustr ti Bl ke , k e li g , tur s b ckw rds see e ergi g fr a fiery sun .

: Ca n ou have rea er Miracles han hese? Sm a at . 2 2 . Begi n s y g t t t ll figures the right ’ ‘ t th e O a a ma o arr w an d o in trah w a h CJ ur . F v a 2 . n : P l br ns o R s r 3 Begi s f H , f t f y i e figures right . W - h a row . os t e m 24 Begi n s : But the ine press of Los is eastward of Golg onooza . Acr s iddle is of n i sects an d reptiles .

h h - a d at . o u Sm an 2 n : oud s ou the S ons L vah at t e Wine resses . 5 Begi s L t f , p ll figures birds th e right .

h a h h th h of 6 . 2 n : ese re t e Sons Los and ese e abourers o t e V in a e . o Begi s T of , t L f t g R ws ’ o m a s x a h e t h Albi n s oun t in e ten d across the pl te n ear t op and at t e bottom . ’

om Son u ound h assions w h h o r . Som 2 7 . Begi n s : S e s of Los s rr t e P it porc es f iron 69 silve e s at th e a n a o a o- of wa o bird right ; te dril cr ss the pl te tw thirds the y d wn . F h . o om o he Firs 2 8 Begin s : or in t is Period the Poets Work is Done . At the b tt : E nd f t t k Boo . Fo t o a a ur figures in p h lf t right .

- . h a 2 F a a on . a as a n a o n to a a a 9 ull p ge illustr ti Bl ke , ked y ut , f ci g the right f lls b ckw rds

a m s o as a a o a o h m are with r utstretched st r d e scen ds t w rds his left f ot (cf. pl . behi n d i a m three steps ; b ov e hi is the word WI LL I AM . Mil on ok he . t B : There is a l e wh re on a . 30 t Bo Second . egin s p ac e C tr rieties are equa lly True Bel ow the headi n g t wo figures s tan d with arm s upraised t o either side where other floati n g “ s a t o figure scen d an d de scen d . At the p in rev ersed writin g : H ow wide the Gulf £9 Un ° as sable be ween Sim lici {9 I nsi idi ; and o Mil on a o v : on raries are p t p ty p ty bel w t , ls re ersed C t A a Posi ives . Ne ive is not a Con a t g t tr ry . ° I n o his leas an had h 1 . n s : S h a S ow all t e weak 69 w ar . a 3 Begi t t p t e y lig t d ecor ti on t right . And t 2 . n : he ivine V oi w heard in the Son s o Beu ah o ce as l . a 3 Begi s D g f Bel w , fiery a am of Mil ons Track t o Fo Z oa n on da m at t o di gr t hr ugh the ur s , with the i scripti s , A the p

99 ’ Blake s Illuminated Books an d S a a n at bo o m of an - a on th e M n an E in n an d in t the tt egg sh ped z e ( u d e gg) the ce tre , Ur thon a t o n o Luvah to a Urize n t o o and Thar mas to th e circles the rth , the e st , the s uth , n o h rt .

- F a a o . S m a o v a . n t . 2 B a a n t o 33 ull p ge illustr ti i il r pl 9, but re ersed ; l ke , f ci g the left , f lls backw ard as a sta r descends towa rds his right foot ; behi n d him are four steps ; above him th e o R B R w rd O E T . B n d all th So s Beulah d d om r o . e n e 34 egi n s : A g of soun c f o table n tes .

B . Are h r o unex a deadl d n or . e n 35 egi n s re f ozen t p sive y estroyi g terr s . When on the h o hi i h nions h k 6 . i l l n : hes s i e a rives . o a of a o 3 Begi s g t if t f g tp r Bel w , s etch h use and a n t o n : Blakes o a e a t Fel ha m ; a a s in g rde with trees the right , i scribed C tt g p Bl ke w lk his a an d Ololo o om h s k g rden ; n with fl w in g robes descen ds fr t e y tow ards him . he V i in h u o l . n d w : Kno es o Mi on . 37 Begi s T rg answer . t t f t F - a a o a 8 . on . M on of a om an o n n a o t 3 ull p ge illustr ti ilt lies by the side w , b th ude , r ck the foot of which l aps th e Se a of Ti m e and Space ; h is he ad is thrown back t o w atch the descen t

’ of t he Eagle of Gen ius a nd his right arm h an gs d own over the side of the rock ; the wom an s a t o t h e an d on e arm a o he d is side lies cr ss his che st . h - B n : An d t e For ei h a e n r ie h s . a 39 . egi s ty g t St rry R gio s a e Cit s of t e Levite Slight ten drils t right .

B n : ll hin s a l o a i All become ne e Sa an in o iness . S at on t 40 . egi s T T g O Gr t t H light dec r i s the right .

- F a a on . M o a a m a m a o a am 1 . n n an n 4 ull p ge illustr ti ilt , ked with i bus , Steps cr ss stre ;

Ololon a m a n at his an d s on e han on h o . , li p , dr ped figure , k eels feet rest d his s ulder ? : B o Ololon Mil on s ood £5 er ievd the er na l Fo m . o a n a e 2 . n e c 4 Begi s ef r t t p Et r Bel w , k d a o w - m an behi n d a tree in f rest hides crouchi n g from a t o headed serpen t .

To ba he in the wa r o e to wa h h t uma n . o s ix . B n : e s : s t e No 43 egi s t t f Lif off H Ab ve , figures

h h o a v a . oa an n o ob . fl t wit ds j i ed b e their he ds (cf j , pl ’ Oot oo m a W h Al o . o B n . Beco es omb? 69 s is the ea h ouc h o bi n h n . i 44 egi s t D t C f Bel w , , a n a w om an oa w an x n e om a n o on a h a m a ked , fl ts ith h ds e te d d fr which r i dr ps w e t field ; s ll

figures at right . ’

Finis . o To o o h to the rea arves 63 V n a e o the Na ions . . : i 45 Text g f rt G t H t t g f t Bel w , n t wo m a n - n a m a n n a So a n a om a n s betwee y wi ged ser phi f ci g i w rds , t he ul , ked w , lift up her a h an o n a o an n e r . h ds , h ldi g cl k which h gs behi d

Additi on al pl ates fo un d in c opi e s C and D

’ h m h n of B n : Benea the Plow o Rin trah th arrow the l i . n a . egi s t f {3 e H of A g ty Betwee li es x n o o a on a h are o om n one o te t , Druidic rui s ; bel w , bef re three Druidic rches ill f ur w e , cr uches at x m o a n an o n a nd d is t afl on a ou in th e the e tre e left , bef re her st ds ther with spi dle ] b lder

n a h a o o an d at o h a o n and t aff an ce tre t ird ls cr uches , the right the f urt , ls wi th Spi dle dis , st ds

a facin g aw ay tow rds m ore Druidic ston es in the b ack groun d . h e h h Mou n ains . n : B E nit ar mo u on is . b . Begi s y ns Looms when Albion was sla in p t T r e o in o w n t o are n . cr uch g udes the right , bel w hich te drils °

: he n Los {9 E n itha a an s Urize n . o o a on . n rmon knew ha S i c Begi s T [sic] t t t Bel w , bef re st e h oo a E n ith arm on a n old om an n o a m o a . d rw y , w , ru s with utstretched r s t w rds the rig t

1 00

’ Blake s Illuminated Books o m n in o n a a a t o om of v n in m e ica Urizen a nd p e , referri g rec g iz ble p ss ges s e the e e ts A r , , V a la or Th Four Zoas a o o e n v n m v o for t he of e usa lem . , , but prep ri g e e re b i usly epic j r

o o of Mil on o are all a o vo m m a in a o The f ur C pies t described bel w qu rt lu es , e sur g b ut 2 c Two o - 4 x 1 7 m . f them ( A an d B) con tai n fo rty fi ve pl a tes prin ted on the s am e n um ber of av and a r - o h e a n a c o a o n a in on . le es , p i ted with w ter l ur w shes , g ld bei g dded the sec d The t ird o of d ifle ren t on o a h s om has n c py ( C) is c stituti n ; Bl ke a itted the Preface (pl . but i serted — - a on a a n m a e a ov s o a th e oo on a n in all o n n a . five dditi l pl tes ( u bered b e) , t h t b k c t i s f rty i e pl tes in an d o o i a m a m a o o o o a ain om s It is pr ted c l ured n nn er Si il r t c py B . The f urth c py ( D) g it h . 2 on a n t e fi ve a a as a s a x n n o a n m b pl , but c t i s dded pl tes , well si th (pl . f) , bri gi g the t t l u er

t o was o a o a a o f as on . fifty . I t pr b bly this c py th t Bl ke f ered in 1 8 1 8 t o Daws on Turn er : Milt ’ 0 n o in h a 1 0 1 0 o . on a a a m a a 1 8 1 n 5 pri ts , qu rt £ It is p per with w ter rk , d ted 5 , pri ted brig t

and o o t a m a n h o on am t o a a n in 1 2 h n red c l ured wi h gre t g ificen ce . T is c py ly c e light g i 9 3 w e was o at a o o f W am o a nd o n . om o on o it first s ld ucti C py B , fr the c llecti illi Beckf rd , c py C , ’ ’ o n a om a Bu tts s a h a in Bohn s re t e on on old ov n a n . rigi lly Th s , ly es with pr e ces I t is st ted a a o 1 8 o v n a Mil on was om m on am V n c t l gue , 43, with ut further e ide ce , th t t c issi ed by J es i e , ’ of of W a R an m an who a o a t o h av n on e of ak Puckster , Isle ight , ussi erch t , is ls s id e bee Bl e s

i n a a on o e on o on n x on w B a h is a of a o pr cip l p tr s , but wh s ly rec rded c e i ith l ke is purch se c py

’ of The Book o ob in n n MS . a o n s . f j , listed Li ell s cc u t ' The additi on al pl ates fou nd in copies C and D are e v idence of Bl ake s con ti n ui ng process f o x a o Sa -Palam abron m h o rew rki n g . Te tu lly they de vel p and e x pa nd the tan yt which in o th e wo and h h a o was t oo as o n a n and tr duces rk , w ic Bl ke th ught sketchy rigi lly writte o h th e a t oo a in n n . are va o a an in t w o o in brupt its e di g They ri usly rr ged the c pies , but b t l st w o o an d in a a n n d t o s n . n on . av n a w rd pl 4 the first li e pl 5 h e bee er sed , suggest g th t Bl ke i te de

f a on a a a m . n in on on e o o . a t o o n the dditi l pl tes , pr b bly pl , g betwee the Key es t he N esuch ’

on h as a o e x a o of o as n n a n a on . editi d pted the t tu l rder c py D , represe ti g Bl ke s fi l versi ’ Th e — a a : Mil on a Poem in 1 2 Books an d m a av n B a o in a title p ge re ds t , this y h e bee l ke s rig l h o h as n ov n n on . T e 1 a v in o an d a i te ti figure is cle rly isible c pies B D , lth ugh it bee er pai n ted in the other copies t o s uch an e x ten t th a t it h as form erly been assu m ed th a t the n m a w as a of o a on an d a a n was 2 Books in a o an e h u er l p rt the dec r ti , th t the re di g cc rd c wit the

m t wo oo o h e b e n o h a ls . 1 1 a a o v n o on . f ct th t the p e is di ided i t b ks ly It Sh uld furt r ted t t p , 3, 8 an d are x am of - n n av n a n in w a n n o 3 45 e ples white li e e gr i g , tech ique hich Bl ke cut his li es i t a and n e s a m o s o h a o n a a a a n a o t he pl te pri t d it by his u u l eth d , t t the utli es ppe r white g i st s lid ‘ m Ma n S n n d ark grou nd . This s a e m ethod w as used in the pewter pl ate The weepi g the I ter ' ’ m re te r s Pa o an d in m an of th e n e a of erus ale . p rl ur , y fi st pl tes y

C o r l E S

in a . a W a 1 . P n A 45 pl ates on 45 le av es . aterm rk J WHATMAN 808 ri ted bl ck Delic tely — — o a n a c o o . Fo a B a 1 . a n as a ov p i ted with w ter l urs li ted by l ke 45 Arr ged b e , but with ut — s f . S : 1 c m . Boun i a m o o o . e . l . a 2 8 n p ize 4 x d h lf r cc , g

Bought from Francis Palgrav e in 1 859 for the British Museu m Pri n t Room .

P n in a . W a m a 1 08 on t en av . a on av . 8 B 45 pl tes 45 le es ter rk J WHATMAN , le es ri ted bl ck a n a - o o a nd o w om d ull o n ow a nd Lightly p i ted with w ter c l urs t uched ith s e g ld ; pi k , yell

1 09

it w as firs origin ally a a o u c t l g e , of P s s e of W a R ss an m e an who is a o ai t o ave e en ne of Bla e 3 uck ter, I l ight, u i rch t , ls s d h b o k

k ' l ' f The Boo ob e s . o in nne l MS ac oun s . q , ist d Li l c t

edition has

th e a e and nte b his sua m e o so h a the o lin es a ea w e a a ns a solid pl t pri d it y u l th d , t t ut pp r hit g i t s m m w w a Th Man S n the In te ! d ark groun d . Thi sa e e thod as us ed in the pe te r pl te e weepi g r ’ ’

re ter s Pa o and in man of th e n es ate s of eru salem . p rl ur , y fi t pl J

C O P I E S l a te l in t in ac k . e w 1 . P A 45 pl ate s on 45 le ave s . W ate rm ark J u a n aa n 808 r ed bl D ic y w - — A an ed as above withowt a n e w t a e c o ou s . Fo a ed b Blake 1 . p i t d i h t r l r li t y 45 rr g . but — S x . . is . . c Bo alf mo c e a f ze : 2 1 8 m . und in oc o p i 4 h r , g Bought from Franc is Palgrave in 1 859 f or th e Britis h Muse um Prin t Room .

k b . a e v W ate m a H A 1 808 on ten eaves . P in te d in ac B on ea s . W 45 pl t s 45 l e r rk j TMAN , l r l Li ht a n ed wate -co u s and touc ed w th s ome d ull old ; ink e low and g ly p i t with r lo r h i g p , y l

Milton a Poem

— h o m a a a . an as a o n o n n . Fo 1 blue ti ts pred i ti g li ted by Bl ke 45 Arr ged b ve , but wit ut — f . 1 c . n i a v ov . ls . a S : 2 6 6 m o n in o p ize 34 x B u d c lf, pr tecti e c er ' o a o om the o on of h om a o at So 2 6 Ma Pr b bly the c py fr c llecti T s Butts , s ld theby s , rch 1 8 2 lot Toove wa in th e a of o H oe an d o 5 ( , 53, y, After rds libr ry R bert , s ld with ’ a of o on n on 2 1 1 1 lot un n on the first p rt his c llecti , A ders s , 3 April 9 ( 393, H ti gt , Now a a H tm t in ton S Ma n o a o n . in n . an the He ry E g Libr ry, ri , C lif r i

h b. . x i : o 1 0 n o . E Gr lier Club , 9 5 , 34

’ ‘ in a . C a a W a m a W H A I M A N 1 8 8 o s x av . n on . 0 n i 49 pl tes 49 le ves ter rk J , le es Pri ted bl ck a - - m m a n n n a o o s an d om e o . a n n P i ted with w ter c l ur s g ld Title p ge u u bered , but the re i i g

av o a — — — m n : 1 a 6—8 B a 1 8 2 6 . an le es f li ted by l ke , 9 3 , 33 4 Arr ge e t , 3, 5 , , 4 , b , , c , — — — — — d . ho ls . an 1 6 1 20 2 2 2 2 2 6 2 2 2 2 2 1 . W 2 9 , d , 7 , , 3, 5 , , 4 , 7 3 , e , 33 4 , , 43 45 it ut p f The ‘ ’

w a . S : a t o o and ov n on . an d n on . av n l st w rds , w e , pl 4 , the first li e pl 5 h e bee er sed ize

x c B . i m o o o . e . Ma . 2 1 6 m . o n n n 35 u d blue r cc , g , by J cke zie ’ o o o at am on Pa a a at So 1 88 2 lot 2 The Beckf rd c py , s ld the H ilt l ce s le theby s , 4 July ( 95 ,

uaritch Now in n ox o on o a . Q , the Le C llecti , New Y rk Public Libr ry

D a av W m a 1 v av . n 0 s on 0 . a 8c 1 8 on e e n 5 pl te 5 le es ter rk RUSE TURNERS 5 , l e le es Pri ted

in v a o a of om a n n on ls . 1 8 1 1 2 ri us sh des red , with s e bl ck pri ti g p , , c , 3, 5 , 9, an d Ma n ificen tl a n a - o o o a m n an d o 44 g y p i ted with w ter c l urs , p que pig e ts g ld ,

m o of o k . m a an m n : 1 a n n in in 1 0 . st the desig s utli ed Nu bered by Bl ke 5 Arr ge e t , 3, b , , — — — W l . 8 c 1 6 d 1 2 2 1 2 2 2 1 . t o 2 f, 4 , , 9 , , 7 5 , 7 3 , e , 3 4 , , 43 4 5 i h ut p ‘ ’

d . a . S as o an o n on an d n on . av n The l t w rds , w ve , pl 4 the first li e pl 5 h e bee er sed ize - x m a hel o 0 . 2 2 1 cm . o n in old a a o 7 5 5 B u d h lf russi , rbled edges , t gether with T , c py This w as probably the copy recorded by Lown des as 50 en grav ed pages c ol oured by

’ ’ w a a . a 1 . 1 s . a o ot n o n s t o 1 8 0 Bohn s C t . 1 0 o n the rtist , 4 , 4 Its e rly hist ry is k w , but it

a was o a in a of o W n of o n am n . a t l ter the libr ry G dfrey i dus , T tte h Gree His libr ry s ld ’ So — l n on 2 6 Ma 1 868 n o o a h n n . Mi o theby s 3 rch , but w rks by Bl ke were t e i cluded The t ’ w as a a in th e o on of W in d u s s n an an d w as o th e h fterw rds p ssessi desce d ts , s ld by eirs

’ of f at So h 1 1 m an on a Rev . . . on o e n his gr ds , the l te G P de Putr , Gu r sey , t eby s , Dece ber f 1 2 lot 2 2 n n a F an . m o o on an d 9 3 ( 5 , Pickeri g , The cquired by r k B Be is , B st , h a a ow N n . a o a is Ro n in 1 . in Ro n o on s ld fter de th by se b ch 939 the Lessi g J se w ld C llecti , a f o on W a n on . . Libr ry C gress , shi gt , D C h a a x ib. : 1 n o . 1 1 2 . E Phil delphi , 939,

F C C : W am M o o 1 886 o ; E Y A S I M I L E R E P R O D U T I O N S illi uir , c l ured , (c py A) , iii , reduced ; h o Odd V lu s o on 1 h om a ls . 1 o o T e lub o me 2 m n p , 45 , f, c l ured , C f , B st , 9 5 , wit c e t ry by

Fo am on . S . ster D

1 03 J E R US A L E M The E m an ati on of | The G i an t Al b i on 1 804 Pri n t ed ch ' b W a o o e S n S . y . Bl k M lt

Colo ho o on o s a p n : The E n d f the S g f Je r u l e m .

D E S C R I PT I O N - F on c ls x ls . a a s 2 on l . 1 00 a a o r tispie e , title p te t , 94 p , full p ge illustr ti s , 4 p pl tes , b ut

m . in a n o 2 2 1 6 c o . x , relief etch g , usu lly u c l ured C O N T E N T S Los n o F o . n n om of . a ha a 1 . r tispiece e teri g the b s Albi on A m an cl d in t an d robe re chi n g t o n w a o in a n o n o h a on oo a a o v and his k ees , ith fiery gl be his right h d , is g i g thr ug st e d rw y b e

h a oo h o e o ff has a ro un d w ich are in scripti on s . A tri l pr f in t e c ll cti on of Ge rey Keyn es the a m o n on n n n out in a . I n all o th e i scripti s i t ct , the letteri g bei g picked bl ck c pleted c pies

h as a a o om of n n e in o e n o m o . letteri g bee er s d , lth ugh s e it is still legible the c pi s pri ted p sthu usly

n : he e s a V oid ou si o x is e Te x t begi s T r i t de f E t nce . — l a m . m a . er us e n in n rin . F n 2 . e o e Title p g j , etc The i pri t bel w is i cis d lette g ive wi ged ff a o a In o on e figures represen tin g di eren t spects f Jerus le m decorate the pl ate . the l west she

u th a n n s lies stretched o t supin e with e st rs an d oth er celesti al bodies on her wings . Ti y i sect an d birds flit am on g the letterin g . w To the Public . o S P an G A TS n at to o n . 3 . The rds HEE d O in in cised letteri g the p c r ers hr a l m S a n an d a a o h a n a om Begin s : Af ter my t ee ye rs s u ber . ever l li es sep r te w rds ve bee er sed fr a m a n in a m a w n m a to the pl a te . Ne r the left rgi the cen tre is fe le figure ith spiky wi gs si il r - - those of th e figure on the left h an d side of the title page .

‘ B : t o l ! at th e o Movo o er us ale m : ha : 1 . n O he Slee U o n t 4 . j C p egi s f p f r I scribed p g ’ h h a a om I o ov n o n of a n m oon . o t e n o n an n g , betwee the h r s cresce t Bel w e di g , cr uchi g w n o in a oa h h an o a a of t w o m en on h ; e vel ped cl k , stretc es her ds t w rds the he ds eit er side w a o n and a o of n 1 av n n a ked figures m ou nt up rds n the left . Li e 2 3 the l st w rd li e 5 h e bee era sed . h h - : he banks t e a mes ar l ud d . F a x n th e an 5 . Begin s T of T e c o e em le figures e te d up right h d m a rgi n .

’ V a H is Sce re d riv n th S r I he ls o A ns sons . o n d 6 . n : b e a e lbio Begi s pt y t ry f Bel w , the ke figure of Los le a ni n g on his h am m er an d an v il is g a zin g up at a win ged spectre which fl oa ts a bo ve

h im .

’ : Il as in : a n n k a i h a a nd o x n n liv i li e ed wo . 7 . Begi s g p t g f r g t lf N ked figures scr lls e te d up - th e right h a nd m argin .

e u a a n m hun d n a w o a n a Ros i s e eri . B o a n d m an 8 . n : Begi s p g t t g el w , ke is h r essed by str ps o n a an d n a t o a h ob a a n an d h m n c veri g her bre sts ge it ls uge gl e with d rk ce tre brig t circu fere ce , w h ich form s a crescen t bel ow .

1 04

’ Blake s Illuminated Books

o h a on th e h hs of a n om an who a n o his a s . thrust b ck t t it rests t ig ude w , g zes i t eyes A sec on d v o w o m an Win ds i n to a ball a cord attached t o his n a el . A third fl a ts with o uts tretched arm s over the gro up . - O a n a m an in a F a a on . n m o s r 2 6 . a m ull p ge illustr ti the left , ked fl es with ut t etched r s ; on the h a o d in an a t of as on m n . The n am a nd an d erus ale m rig t , r be figure tti ude t ish e t es H j w o n of x are in s are i n scribed bel ow th e figures . T li es te t cri bed in ca pital letters a t the sides an d in t h e m iddle . erus ale m the m ana ion the ia n A b : l ion . To the ews . n a 2 7 . If Begi s j E t of G t The gre ter part o f the pl ate is occupied by twe n ty-t w o s tan z as of fo ur lin es each in t w o colu mn s be ginn i ng :

lf r Thefi elds f rom I sling ton to l l a ybone . me o ver o na n r tion . w lem ha : 2 . n : e ec bo t o 2 8 . erusa n e y , C p Begi s E y r t f p f A ve , ude figur s , ‘ ’ a on an d a m a m a n in on e in of of a ah perh ps Albi Jerus le , ssi il ti g the cup the Lily H vil ( see ’ a oo oun in Mo an o o m 1 8 11. 0 o an pl . , 4 A tri l pr f, b d the rg c py , sh ws the w s right ' thigh v isible parallel to an d un dern e a th her left ; the m an s left leg en circles her bod y ; th e

’ a a a a a e o t h e o m o uld in g of the m an s b ck is cle r ; c terpill r is b l w figures n the le af. I n th e

’ ’ on ta as in o om an an d m an ha n m o sec d s te , c py D , the w s right thigh the s left leg ve bee re ved ; ’ on ly i n eff ective cross-h atchi n g re m ai n s on the m an s back ; the c aterpill ar has been rem oved ; ’ a as in o F ha s th m an n a are n . e n a a ho n the s ge it ls defi ed A third st te , c py , ge it ls less cle rly s w ; h as n n an d w in n a o th a o h a . 2 n e o a of the le f bel w C p bee lighte ed , the hite l es i cre sed l wer p rt

’

a on th e w om an x n . n a a as in c o an d all o h m o the le f which s leg e te ds The fi l st te , py E the p st u us ’ l n a on of en t a m o m an h an has be n on av a l ; min a . es , h e i dic ti s the g i ls re ved the s right d e eli ted i V s on like a si - 2 9 Begi n s : Then the Div ne i i len t S un . Nude figures al on g th e right h an d m argin . d o w 0 n : And the Two ha esca e . v t o n n o arm of 3 Begi s t t p Ab e , figures flyi g i t the s a n ude m an . w k w H is wes er n heaven i h roc clouds . o t o m 1 n : . n m al 3 Begi s t t y Bel w , recu be t fe e on e on n o in a n e t on e on o a h an d figures ; the the right is e vel ped , the the left h lds s uttle d a a h a in h an an an n . t re d her rig t h d , re ches her left h d b ck betwee her legs

Th a e an in a ains the illars . e a of a 32 Begi n s : . L g g t p gre ter p rt the pl te is occupied by a group of t wo w om en ( V al a and E n ith arm on ) an d three girls ; the wom an on the left is

h e o om on a om a are n . t a nd a o on th e h dr ped , the rest ude At b tt the left is d e cr ss , rig t a goth ic ca thedral . ur nin his back to the ivine V ision a n : . n an old m an 33 Begi s T g D Ne r the ce tre , aw t w o m - a o pl oughin g ; the pl ough is dr n by hu an he ded li n s . a the Re ion h lev e in o B o erhood . m a 34 Begi n s . E t t g of r t A s ll figure an d ten drils on - the righ t han d m argi n .

h n the ivine hand ound the Two imi B n : e s . o of 35 egi s T D f L t Ab ve , the figure the Sa o t m a a oa n in am and oo n o n a ; e o E ve n ou t vi ur wi h the stig t fl ti g fl es l ki g d w w rds b l w , risi g h e a n h s h e am . T of the ribs of t sleepi n g Ad l st li e a been erased .

6 n : Reuben retur n d to his lac e in vain . to s un o an an v 3 Begi s p , At the p , the ver il n t w o on e n n a a o a o to th e an v a ed betwee figures , shri ki g w y , the ther b ut strike il with sl ge — m The h o n of x has n a . h a m er . t irty f urth li e te t bee er sed

d s od r h r m t m B n : An One o o o he ivine Fa il . o n n an d 37 egi s t f t f D y Ab ve , Christ k eeli g

1 06

' Blake s Illuminated Books

s s on the th h of a nude om an wh o e in to his s so at e t az s e e . A s ew nd thrus t back th it r ig w , g y

m d in the m idd le . of the pla te is occu pied by twentya ft wu s tanzas of four line s o The fi dd r f rom I slington t Mm . t Be ve ornamen e ec ion . ins . m Ch : 2 . 28 . M 7 , p g E ry of p rf t ‘ ’ rha s A b on m d e us ale m as s m a n in one in the cu pe p l i J r , i il ti g p A al oo boun in the Mo an o ll. 0 l. 1 8 p , 4 tri pr f, d rg c py, ’ thigh v i s ible pa rall e l to and un de rn eath her left ; the m an s l ef t ’ m oulding of th e m an s back is cle ar ; a cate rpill ar is be low th e ’ ’ sec on ta e as in o th e oman s and the m an s d s t , c py D , w right thigh

’ s ve all n d c ations of the en itals re mov ed tlw m an s h t hand has been lim t d on e ha e i na . . i i g ; rig e

m argi n .

a n ud e m an .

fig ures ; the

h e a in he r i h hand and e ach es he r left and hmh w ee n her s . t r d r g t , r h bet leg a group of two wom en ( V al a and E n itharm on) and three girls ; th e wom an on the left is o a e the e s are n e . the bo om n the ef is a om e and a c os s on the ri ht dr p d , r t ud At tt l t d r , g a gothic ca thedral .

Be n : Tu nin his back to the ivine V ision . e a the en t e an old man 33 gi s r g D N r c r , aw b t wo um - o pl oughing ; the pl ough is dr n y h an head ed li ns . he R on o B t s m r d 34 Be gin s : into t egi f ro herhood . A all figu e an tend rils on - the right han d m argi n .

Sa v o w the s m a a oa n in am es and ookin own war s ; be ow E ve is in b ut i ur ith tig t fl ti g fl l g d d l , r g ' Th as as e h am . of the ribs of t e s l ee ping Ad e l t lin e h been m e d .

6 Be in s . Reuben returnd to his lace in vain . the to the s un ov an anvil 3 g p , At p, er e een tw o u es one s in n awa the othe a o to st k e th e an v with a sled e b tw fig r , hr ki g y , r b ut ri il g - m m The t ou t n e of x has een e ased . ha er . thir y f r h li te t b r Be s s ood r m t am bove is kn ee i n : And One or h o he ivi ne F il . n and 37 gi t f t f D y A , Chr t l g

1 06

J erusalem

m i a m on of h m a a m an d an oak a nd supporti ng a n aked an n his r s ; either side t e p l tree ,

’ om a n a h h a n o . o a n o n ov a n n be e t t eir feet wi ged gl be Bel w , wi ged spectre h veri g er wi ged w s h a o o of the body (Jerus alem ) lyi ng on a bier ; th e s un an d m oon at th e sides . T e l st f ur w rds a of o a oo in o on of off K n first li n e are i nci s ed i n ste d stere typed . A tri l pr f the c llecti Ge rey ey es

h as in n n th e o ale dea h a a o o n in o . I n a ll the te th li e w rds p t , which first st te is ls f u d c py A

t he other c opies these h av e been altered t o blue death . m and an H is ace an d bosom wi h etr c hard ness . an 38 Begin s : . . f t p ifi T gled ste s br ches

e x tend up either side . ’ ld m an n : B S a ans Watch ends tho he search . ov an o 39 [3 Begi s y t fi t y Ab e , with triple

h o o a n s un . b ow and a o a a n . rr w stride wi ged rse Bel w , setti g ’ ’ and n n 40 Begi n s : Los shudder a a t beholding Albion . Nude figures te drils exte d up — t h e an m a n an d th e m of a on . right h d rgi , ste tree the left

1 n : Ba h who is e ions . o a a a o 4 Begi s t L g Bel w , se ted figure with his he d b wed - between h is k n ees ; by his side is a scroll with a four li n ed stan za in re v ers ed writi n g .

t ud o - a m a a of h m an hus Albion sa s ious o hers . n n 2 . n : 4 Begi s T , t f t Up the right h d rgi series u

h e Th e a a n of a . a an n on t on e o . o m o figures , e ch st di g bel w t p st figure gr sps huge bu ch gr pes m a an d o 43 Begi n s : They saw their Wheels rising up poisonous . A s ll figure cl udy - decorati on s al on g t he right han d m argin .

Wi h on o d n love l h ark d t wo an . n : e acc r i sub ime . t e t o a in an 44 Begi s t At p , w ged gels

o a n h o a n in a n av an d . Bel w , serpe t w se t il e ds te dril with le es berries n : Ba h healin i ! ov on a n v o in ; 45 Begi s t , g C ty Ab e , the left figure is e el ped fibres w a om an oa s a a o n a n e t a oun th e of . w fl t w y h ldi g , which is r pped r d legs the first figure m a in Mo an a Two n s o n a vo on . a oo li e d w big fish de urs s ller es A tri l pr f the rg Libr ry ,

a m a PI NE 1 802 o n ot on a n th e a n h w as a a in w ter rked EDMEADS , d es c t i l st li e , whic l ter dded d a a i all om n a o n an n o . i t gli letteri g , ppe rs c plete c pies

a h mild h si an o w a ld m an an d 6 n : B P ci er n i . o t o n o 4 Begi s t , y f Et ty Bel w , figures , a om an ea in a a o a o of m o m of n s th e a o a n w , s ted ch ri t ( the Ch ri t Ti e) f r ed serpe t ; ch ri t is dr w m - a ox n a w a o o m S a on h by t wo h u an he ded e e ch ith c iled h rn en din g in a hu an han d . e ted t eir

a are m a w n m on on e h o n a en o O n m o n b cks s ll i ged de s , ldi g p , the ther with wide pe uth ( writte m n a n o a . an d oral traditi on ) . Origi lly u bered 45 n pl te : F om a mber well to i h a e w t dd n I n r here he mi h Thames shu ers a lo . n 4 7 . Begi s C H g g t g ty g the

m n a es in on o a s . n of x h as n a iddle , three ked figur c t rted ttitude The first li e the te t bee er sed

from the pl ate . h e were his las words an d the mer i ul S a our his ar 8 . n : es c vi in ms . an d n 4 Begi s T t , f Birds i sects - decorate the righ t han d m argi n . ’ : The secre cover s o Albion 69 the h dd A h e h -h n s i en la es meri a . I 49. Begi t t f p c of c n t rig t and a m argin is a n ude figure standin g beside tree .

The A lan ic Moun ains where ian s dwel d a . n : E n o Ch o 0 . n : : 5 Begi s t t t G t t E ds f p Bel w , a m an with thre e crown ed heads is kneelin g am on g rocks ; a cha in of figures proc eed s from

his body . - V a a F a a on . e d Sk 1 feld . O a a . an o n 5 ull p ge illustr ti l , Hyl , the left, se ted figure , with o own an d in n a n a m an a in a o n r bes , cr , sceptre ; the ce tre , ked squ tt g with his he d b wed betwee his on a n a m an an n n a an d w a n an n om legs ; the right , ked st di g with be t he d , ith ch i s h gi g fr

1 07 - 1 4 9. ’ Bla ke s I lluminated Boo/cs

w s A of at e r t - k d a h a his ri ts . n impression the pl p in e d in blue green in an p in ted wit w ter

o o n o w in c ollec t ion of o f n h as n am of o a h c l urs , the Ge f rey Key es , the es the figures bel w e c in wh d n a IV h o - o h in n a n B . inv. in t e an n . ite li e the sig ture . l wer left h d c r er T is letter g is

n in om o h o o o a b m av n n . prese t s e c pies , t ugh stly bliter ted y he y i ki g To h o m 2 . t e e s s er a n a F i d o um e h e bo i . n : H e nev c be en t the an Rac . t 5 D t Begi s r H At tt , v n an a of o n a n n I sa w a Monh o ar e m a e se e st z s f ur li es e ch begi n i g : f Ch l in .

. us But os who is the V eh a Fo m ov a er alem ha . l n : L icu . 5 3 j C p 3 Begi s , r r Ab e is figure , -c o n an d a on a on a an o of a od in n of triple r w ed se ted thr e with c py celesti l b ies , the ce tre a a flo Sm a - an m a o n in n . gre t su wer . ll figures the right h d rgi bel w

. I n rea ar i ular For m a a o n o n : erni ever c . n 54 Begi s G t Et ty y p t Ne r the ce tre , r u d b ulder i n scribed Re ason Pity Wra th This World I Desire ; on eithe r side of it s m all floatin g o o m o h h . a o a a nd fi ve a ov m . figures Bel w , f urf ld he d st rs ; t s flutter er t e

. n : When hose who d r ard a ll Mor al h n 5 5 Begi s t is eg t T i g s . ’

6 . n Then os hea ed u d r n Bellows o th V a l o iWiddlesex 5 Begi s : L v his th n i g n e l ey f . ” ° A d th voi es o a ur r d u h r o t w o . n : n e c Ba h n erb £55 To /f 69 inb C . 5 7 Begi s f t C t y E rg , y Ab ve , n a om am on a h h m m a n a h th e ked w en g st rs ; fibres proceed from t eir a nds . I edi tely be e t

are m a n r o d B o a m a oa n n To /c and n on . figures s ll buildi gs i scribed L el w , si il r figure fl ti g

o on a a nd o a n n erus alem . h riz t lly , ver it buildi g i scribed j

8 . a m a n : I n be u the Da u h ers o lbion divide . a to the n ta 5 Begi s ty g t f A Ne r the p , fe le ge i l o an m a o n am on am n . a o o e n . rg s with wi gs Ne r the b tt , sk let lyi g g fl es d . A n or m d n F ur o n I om n o in n : e i o o eci us s o es . n n 59 Begi s f t pr t the ce tre , three w e w rk g o n a nn n r u d spi i g wheel .

The d o A m h - m a n a m a 60 . n : u I n t e an Begi s clo s f lbions Druid Te ples . right h d rgi s ll

figure prayi n g . ° B B d V V r hol in the isi loh m eho ah hold ose h 63 I I a . in 6 1 . n : e : ons i v be egi s of E j , j p y Birds the - m a right h an d rgi n .

B n : Re ose on h h a an d an an d t he of 6 2 . m o t egi s p me till t e orning f e Grave. The he d h ds feet ’ a h an a a o n a o uge figure in guish ppear at the t op an d bottom . The he d is surr u ded by pe c ck s a a m a w fe thers ; there is s ll figure bet een the feet .

B n h ah od a om n o th e 6 . o s I th e n a n an n : e v o a mon the ruids . n e 3 egi s j t g D c tre , ked w lyi g o n a o gr u d with w orm c iled about her b ody ; a crescen t m oon is in the sky . h a o 6 . n : O t e Mundan he whi h v t wo oa n . l o e S l c oze . 4 Begi s f f r Ab e , fl ti g figures with scr ll h m a B o a m a a o n oo i . a s . n old n n on o n n beside figure leep el w , lyi g the gr u d with pe b k beside

- 6 . n : To d d T V a n x n an 5 Begi s eci e wo [ orlds with a grea t decision . A ch i e te ds up the right h d a m rgi n . "

I n a ul om n den . on 66 . n : 69 old in all the recious unhew n s o es Begi s wf p p g , p t of E Al g the -h m a n a an n m in is a m a a . right d rgi exte d fl es which fe le figure , se ted

6 B n : B hos who k h ou t on a a nd . e drin ei blood . o a m a n t 7 egi s y t t r Bel w , s retched his b ck , a n o n h d m an an . ch i ed d w by his feet , ds , iddle 9 68 . n : O Sh eld h w ar t hou r No o a on . Begi s ofi y t c ue l . dec r ti w on e w 6 . h n : en a ll the al n n Ma le . o t o M es co oi ed in o One . 9 Begi s T j t Bel w , figures , ith a n and a o w h a n and a a a nd n m a m a e m ; k ife cup , the ther it k ife sc lp , betwee the util t d victi m oon and a a ov st rs b e them ; Druid ston es in the b ackgroun d .

1 08

’ Blake s Illuminated Books

8 . B n : Beca me a S ace 65 a n lle or o . a m an an d a om an a v n 5 egi s p A g y Bel w , w with i e , o n av n o n n a om surr u ded by he e ly b dies , i cludi g c et . 86 B . n : I see th For m 0 lovel m ild er us alem . No o a o egi s y y j dec r ti n . - 8 . n : Re ellin wee in nion blind {ff a e ben . ov a om an b n an d o n 7 Begi s p g p g E g t Ab e , w e t gr pi g a t w o m a oa n ov an a m an d h a n n a han om o m . fter s ller fl ti g figures ; er her is ged , be i d her p t f r

a re h n a a n a v These figures wit i sep r te spheres i dic ted by cur ed li n es . 8 8 . n : Los a nswered si hin like the Bellows o his Fu naces . No o o Begi s g g f r dec rati n . ? " ° 8 . B n : Tho divided b the oss 65 Nails £9 Tho ns {9 S ea Tw o 9 egi s y Cr r p r . figures e x ten d up the h -h a he o n m a n . T n e a h n an n n a o o n to th e o on e rig t d rgi upper is re c i g u ide tifi ble bject d w l wer .

- 0 . n : The Fem in ine Se ara es rom he as ul t M c ine . n h 9 Begi s p t f Te drils in t e right han d m argin . 1 I t is easier o o . n : t r ive a n nem o m a h a . a n t o n a a e 9 Begi s f g E y Bel w , wi h e d thr w b ck se t d n t w o o m o The of x h s . n a n a o betwee fl wer sy b ls first li e te t bee er sed fr m the pl ate . Wha do h . n : I see? T e Br on S a o 2 i x n Rom an No man . In n a om an 9 Begi s t t r the ce tre , w a in a na of a on th e o n a o n a re o a an d in t he a o n se ted ttitude desp ir ; gr u d r u d her f ur he ds , b ckgr u d

a a on n am al Druid rchw ys ; the right is the e jerus em . n tha o h B n : E i rm n ea d . Sh d h . h e raise er head . ov m e n n n 93 egi s r Ab e , t ree k eeli g wi th

o n n n on a a nd h h n : An Welitus 65? on hou h p i ti g fi gers ; their b cks t ig s is i scribed ytus i Lyc t g t S o ra es a V er r Pe n icious Man . So ai has hou h esus c . B o a om an n in a t y C p t g t j el w , w lyi g fiery grav e . d lbion col la s h o k . a h n : is R c ov o m a n . . on n o a om an 94 Begi s A y Ab e , t reef ld supi e Bel w , w lyi n g face d ow n w ards on the b ody of an old m an ; Druid ston es a nd a su n set gl ow in t he b ackgrou nd . ’

B n : H er voice ierc d lbions cla cold ear . ov a o n m a n am o . an n 95 egi s p A y Ab e , y u g risi g g am a a to on m n a o of h on an d are n on th e fl es , which ppe r be c su i g b dy w ich ly the legs feet see

a nd ea va on . o o a o m at o m a n . right the h d , guely, the left C py E sh ws w r t he l wer rgi ° " h a d th V s o A t e S un 69 Moon lead orw r e i ions eaven 69 ar h . O 6 . n : s n 9 Begi s f f H E t the right , an old m an cl aspi n g a wom a n t o his breast as they rise upw ards togeth er .

B n : wake ! wake er usa lem ! B o v o o of a oun m an 97 . egi s A A y el w , the ig r us figure y g with

a d o e o n of a n m oon a a o . a gl obe of light in h is l e ft h an d . A st r an n h r cresce t ppe r n the right

h a ow a min r m his uiver . v a o v a 8 . n : hen eac n rr o o n ; o 9 Begi s T A fl g f Q Ab e , serpe t bel w , ri us — ow a n m a n a o a a o m and m o . l ly i ls s il , fr g , c terpill r , spider , w r ths

’ d i o h d o th n All uma n For ms i en ed o on T e E n e So erus alem . . n : 99 Begi s H tfi , with c l ph , f g q m am o a n a om an v n o a m of a n old m a n a on n . Bel w , ked w is recei ed i t the r s g stre i g fire

- h a n a on e am m a nd F a a on . e n I O. e O ull p g illustr ti T r e ked figures , the ce tr l with h er c om p asses ; the figure on th e left c arries the s un on his sho ulder ; on th e right is a w om an

m oon at h e r a nd t a aff in a n a nd a h a n on in with the side , wi h dist her left h d t re d (see ly

I a o n a a n of ar o a n om t o a n . n C py E) p ssi g fr it her right h d the b ckgr u d is ch i Druid ches , ' f St u k e le s u a Tem le o the B i ish h e S n m a a om . v m o b i. e . t erpe t Te ple , d pted fr pl y A ry , p f r t

ruids I . D , 7 43 N O T E ’ jer usa lem is the l ast a nd m ost sign ifica nt of the series of Bl ake s Illu m i n a ted B ooks . The t hem e of th is gre a t epic p oem is su m m arized in the lin es etched on a n e arly proof of

1 1 0 J erusalem

‘ ' l os o o o L s m a a o o r f ron t is iece n n I . n n om f n . o n n the p represe ti g e teri g the b s Albi is I gi ti , the S of o an d on o n a Man o r the n ha an of a n pirit Pr phecy , Albi the rigi l , first i bit t Brit i , ’ m o m an a on or m n n o w as n an . a n n a typifies E gl d itself Jerus le , Albi s e ti fe i i e c u terp rt , ' a a om h im at the Fa a nd th e o m erus alem o n o of on sep r ted fr ll , p e j rec u ts the st ry Albi s n a on and n on a m an d of a a n n a th e a a o rege er ti reu i with Jerus le , his w ke i g , fter p ss ge thr ugh ’ I n o erusalem o of a n a ea to S a F om . n M n Eter l D th , piritu l reed esse ce , theref re , y is the st ry s ’ So o ov a a om a m o o and recovery of his l ost ul . The st ry is erl id with Bl ke s c plic ted yth l gy Man a a of o a topography com bi n i n g Lon d on with the Bible history . y p ss ges splendid p etry o o to o h are th us buried in an e x trem ely obscure m atri x . The best e x p siti n is be f u nd in Josep

’ W ick s te ed s I n troducti on an d C om m en tary issued as a supplem en t to the facsi m ile of jerusalem published by the W illi am Blake Trust in 1 953 . h erus alem a a a o vo m m a n a o 2 c m . and on of a n j is l rge qu rt lu e , e suri g b ut 33 x 7 , c sists u dred The — a a 1 v a n on on e of a on . 80 n pl tes pri ted side the le f ly title p ge is d ted 4 , but this is e ide tly on of s x o h a are n own c h av the year in which Bl ake began the work . N e the i c pies t t k an e

n n o 1 8 1 8 an d oo w as o a n ot n n a . bee pri ted bef re , the b k pr b bly fi ished u til this d te All the copies issued by Bl ake are prin ted on W hatm an p aper with d a tes v aryi n g from 1 8 1 8 to 1 8 2 6 . a ar in in a Fo of h m are n in an d e n o o . o ur t e pri ted bl ck u c l ured ( A fifth c py , G , pr ted bl ck , is

a to x h as not n n f or m an a an d h as n v n . s id e ist , but it bee see y ye rs , it e er bee described ) On e o n in o an on a a 1 8 20 an d a a n c py , E , is pri ted r ge p per d ted , is very be utifully p i ted with - w as o a o f a o o w a ter c ol ours an d g old . It pr b bly this c py o which Bl ke wr te in 1 8 2 7 t Ge orge ‘ m an : Th e a o o a o m n erusalem The mana ion o the Cu berl d l st w rk I pr duced is p e e titled j , E t f On e ian lbion fi n d a t o n o m m th e am o n of n n a . G t A , but th t pri t it will c st y ti e u t Twe ty Gui e s ’ ’ 2 h av Fin ish d . on a n 1 00 a is n ot s a a om f or it . I e It c t i s pl tes , but it likely I h ll get Cust er a n ot in a fi nd a om for an d eem to av a s o ff t o Bl ke did , f ct , cust er it , it s s h e p s ed with his ther e ects m a h m a a a F at am . h as a n ass on o of rederick T h I t usu lly bee u ed , the ut rity this re rk by Bl ke , th t on on e o o co of o h as v x G K w as n o m a oo ly c l ured py the w rk e er e isted , but I [ ] i f r ed by b kseller , th e a am Tre ask is a an o o o o w as o him t o R n a o fif t -fi v e l te J es g , th t ther c l ured c py s ld by uski b ut y ’ I 1 Mr S v h th f a a a a a a o . n 20 n n e own o R n a h d ye rs g 9 , Arthur e er , t e er uski s libr ry , st ted th t he n o on of a n n a oo in th e o on t a v disti ct rec llecti there h vi g bee such b k c llecti , but h t he belie ed f m a - n w s R n . o on o an o c o o a s a at on e m uski cut it up A c llecti iscell e us w ter l ur dr wi g , which ti e o in B M s m n Room on a n som o o a m n dep sited the ritish u eu Pri t , c t i ed e exquisitely c l ured fr g e ts ,

h ad v n n om av of a co of erusalem an d m a o which e ide tly bee cut fr le es py j , these y p ssibly ’ 3 be s om e surv i v in g ev iden ce of Ruskin s e x tr aordin ary act of destructi on . The e x am ple of om e h o th e n th t o of . 28 an d a n a o o e on n desig cut fr p pl , p i ted with w ter c l urs , wit the c rr sp di g ’ a of . on v w in 2 so m a a o on of R s n o . n o o on p rt pl 9 the er , y be p rti u ki s c py This is the p ssessi

of Ro n a om an . t a a av o o a a a a the se b ch C p y O her sep r te le es c l ured by Bl ke , e ch with pl te

1 h ’ o d h t e . . S o o on at o h A ril 20 1 88 lot 6 a n ow in S l wit W B c tt c llecti S t eby s , p 5 ( 5 , F wcett, o of G fl K c o a e the possessi n eo rey eyn es . Reproduced with the facsi m ile of opy C f yerus l m published th am ak T f or e 1 . Willi Bl e rust , 953 2 oetr and P ose K P r . n 2 . y (ed ey es , p . 9 7 3 Th n h a k n w as i th a n o m a n e h of t n . ho ere is evide ce t t Rus i bit cutti g pieces illu i ted MSS , wever a a h a in his o f o n I m n a th on . a a o o an e v lu ble , t t were p ssessi See C t l gue F urtee llu i ted M uscripts , ’ o of n a Thom o o n h 2 2 n 1 2 1 . 1 8 . pr perty He ry Y tes ps , S t eby s , Ju e 9 , pl 4

1 1 1 ’ Blake s Illuminated Books

n o n o a re in d an d th e B M m n oom ls . an pri ted b th sides , the ritish useu Pri t R ( p 53 5) V o a d s a o o d a n M m l . n d H . o av a in an d ict ri Albert useu ( p 9 ) Three ther le es , e ch pr ted c l ure on o h o m in t he o o o o o l o h a om n f . x n F rm an . An b t sides , were f r erly p ssessi H Bu t t er le f, fr 2 t he nn o on h o h- o n a th e -h an m a n an d the a n e Li ell c llecti , s ws stitc h les e r left d rgi , pl te pri t d o n n m 1 h n o v nc t o ho h a h w as a n om a o m it is u bered 5 , but t ere is e ide e s w t t t is t ke fr c plete c ol oured ex a m ple of th e book ; m o re pro ba bly Bl ake took this le af fro m an un col o ured copy

h e oo o f t h h he had n n a to and o o as a m n for ohn nn . b k , w ic bee u ble sell , c l ured it , speci e , J Li ell

o o o was o o w o n am of . 1 in a am R t n o on an d no n A ther c l ured ex ple pl 5 the Gr h ber s c llecti , bel gs 3 o o h am o a V ala t ff n . n o t e n f a a o Ge rey Key es This pri t sh ws es the three ch r cters p rtr yed , ,

’ a d Sk ofi e ld in n n a h in n n a . oo Hyle , , i cised letteri g with Bl ke s sig ture Pr fs exist ( t ree the Mo an a on e in Ro n a o on on a a m a c u ms / ms rg Libr ry , the se w ld C llecti ) p per w ter rked PIN E a 1 8 02 . This is n ot necess arily e v iden ce th a t Bl ake beg an t o etch the pl a tes as e arly s this ; m o o a was n o a re pr b bly he usi g up lder p per . An i ncom plete c ol oured c opy con sisti ng of the first twen ty- fi ve pl ates h a s recen tly com e to

h a s a n d n o . o of k n o n om 1 8 o lig t , is described u der c py B The hist ry t his is w fr 33, th t it ’ ann o an o mn an of R o c t be ther re t uski n s c py .

x of erusalem o o in a n n ot un o m in The te t ff is etched thr ugh ut it lic , but the letteri g is if r

as m x in a o x on of x n ov om o r n size , ight be e pected w rk the e ecuti which e te ded er s e f u tee I n all om o om o h ublic av a . o an d a a on . T t e P ye rs the c plete c pies s e w rds p ss ges pl 3, , h e a h av n ; a n o v o S n n i ical ssa 1 868 . bee er sed few li es , h we er , qu ted by wi bur e ( Cr t E y , , p e a n ot n o n th e m n o S in n the g ps filled up , but it is k w whether issi g w rds were supplied by w bur e , a a h as n or whether h e h d ccess t o a copy in which th ey h ad been filled in by Bl ake . It bee possible t o decipher a n um ber of the m issi n g w o rds from t h e posthu m ous co py in the F am M m am and h av n n o o a in on h x itzwilli useu , C bridge , t ese h e bee i c rp r ted the N esuc te t ’ a 1 a m th e on in all of B n 2 nd 1 2 . n on a o l ke s writi gs , 9 5 9 7 The i scripti s er sed fr fr tispiece o of oo c a n n on a n a oo of a an d a n in c pies the b k be see e rly pr f the pl te , h ve bee published ’ lak S udi s 1 n B e e . Key es s t , 949 Most of th e pl ates are n ot n um bered on the copper but th e books were foli a ted by Bl ake

h o h — o Som a o av m in n or at t e t p rig t h an d c rn er . e pl tes seem t h e been n u bered white li e n m h a n as th e oo v o an d a or n ov relief, but the u bers were c ged b k de el ped , were er sed i ked er in the c om pleted c opies . Th e a rran gem en t of th e pl a tes d oes n ot va ry e x cept in ch apter 2 which w as re-arran g ed a o an d h ad Th a o as a an a a o n fter c pies A C been com pleted . e order here d pted st d rd is th t f u d

’ F a w o m o in o and . in e x n a a a h and c pies D , E , The pl tes ere iste ce fter Bl ke s de t , three p sthu us f th e a o o o oo m n a am are o . c pies b k , presu bly pri ted by T th , rec rded bel w

erus a lem not m n on in th e of o off a in 1 8 1 8 a on m o a j is e ti ed list w rks ered by Bl ke , but c te p r ry

n to o a Ro n on h as refere ce it is to be f und in the Lon don Mag a zine for Septem ber 1 8 20 . Cr bb bi s o a on 2 1 8 1 1 B a o So a m ad o m a a m rec rded th t 4 July , l ke sh wed uthey perfectly p e c lled Jerus le

1 o h the on o m a n a a t the n on a Ne w o k 1 a h 1 20 lot 6 S ld wit Buxt F r Libr ry A ders G lleries , Y r , 5 M rc 9 ( 7 ,

h w A . . . m I n 1 o E Ne US 2 in the o n of h . n G D S it , 9 5 p ssessi Art ur F g er , Jersey , 2 ’ o h the n n o on a t h 1 a h 1 t 8 lo t 1 8 a n 0 n as . S ld wit Li ell c llecti C ristie s , 5 M rc 9 ( 5 , M rti , 7 gui e ) 3 ’ o a t h 2 lo t K n a 2 1 8 n . S ld C ristie s , July 949 ( 3, ey es , 44 gui e s) 4 a r a n d Remin isce/ice i s 8 . D y , i , 33

1 1 22

’ Blake s Illuminated Books

W m a 00 a on 1 00 a . a 1 8 0 . 1 pl tes le ves ter rk J WHATMAN 2 Pri n ted in o ran ge . V ery a and e a o a o o a -c o o d o be utifully l b r tely c l ured with w ter l urs an g ld . Foli a ted by Blake

— o S : c o as a v . B n 00 an 2 m . in m o 1 1 . n o o as Arr ged b e ize 335 x 7 5 u d gree r cc , with cl ps , ’ h h MS on a of Tath am s o k f a . o o n MS . t get er wit the , twelve le ves , life Bl e B u d wi th the are a o a of Mrs a o R m on a a am an d a n of a p rtr it Bl ke by Ge rge ich d fter T th , dr wi gs Bl ke o by Tatha m at the ages f 2 8 an d 69.

’ ’ ' F Tath am s o t o om a a o h e flec s a rederick c py , wh it p ssed with Bl ke s t er t fter his wife s ’ 1 was o at on 1 un 1 88 lot 2 2 ua itc h w a . r an d as de th It s ld Christie s J e 7 ( 5 , Q , S of a n a a n . a in o on of his son cquired by Ge er l Archib ld tirli g Keir Afterw rds the p ssessi , ’ - l W am S n who o in 1 2 h o S n to C o . a o Lt . M n illi tirli g , s ld it 95 t r ugh crib er s P ul ell ,

w as h for n a o o a W a h n on . . oo o n t n v a s i gt , D C T he b k b ug t prese t ti Y le U i ersity Libr ry

an d it is n ow in th e Rare Book Departm en t .

W a m a o o a . 1 8 n o 1 00 a n 1 00 2 , av an d ] pl tes le ves ter rk J WHATMAN 4 f ur le es , WHATMAN

i a . 1 8 26 on n n n av . n e n n o o e for o h s of , i etee le es Pri t d bl ck U c l ured , exc pt t uc e grey Fo a in in k b B a — a an d om n . 1 1 00 . an as a o w sh s e Chi ese white li ted y l ke Arr ged b ve , ’ B a n m n as o o : 1 — 28 — 6 2 — — — W t 2 8 1 1 00 . but wi h l ke s u beri g f ll ws , 43 4 , 9 37 , 4 , 3 4 , 47 i th d all a m a f ls . 8 an 6 8c 1 8 o oo o 2 02 n in . S : pr fs p , 45 , 5 , w ter rked EDM EADS PI NE , b u d ize c Boun in red a - a n m o o o o 2 2 2 m . n t m m 37 x 7 d str ight gr i r cc , ther edges u ri ed ,

o . by F. Bedf rd Fo m in o on of am e Toove on on oo oo r erly the p ssessi J s y, the L d b kseller , with his b k T v m s on h a . oo e in 1 a d o o 8 . P on o a n M an . pl te , b ught fr his , C rles J y, 99 by J ierp t rg a Now in The Pierp on t Morg an Libr ry .

x hib. : P a a 1 n o . 1 1 . E hil delphi , 939, 4

a t o o m in o se on of F x m an o P n i o . n C py s id be f r erly the p s ssi eli Is , New Y rk ri ted ‘ w s o Ma 1 t o om a and n o o . a o n 2 in o a bl ck u c l ured I t rep rted rch 939, be s ewhere st r ge ’ S n n Mr m an and n o and d iflic ult t o o a . o of v o m l c te i ce the Is died , further w rd the lu e

can be obtai n ed . [Posthumous copies]

W m a 1 1 or - av . a P n i w a on 1 00 8 1 8 2 . H 1 00 pl tes le es ter rk J WHATMAN 3 3 ri ted n red bro n .

S : c m . Bo n o No o a on . 2 8 2 in n m o a m o o n o o . o c o [ ] U c l ured f li ti ize 5 x 3 u d c te p r ry r c , o a o om a f F a n B o a o a oo . e . o oo el b r tely t led , g Pr b bly the c py fr t he libr ry r cis edf rd , the b k ’ o 1 u a h n s o at So 2 1 Ma 1 88 l t 2 0 ritc . 1 2s . Af a bi der , ld theby s , rch 4 ( , Q , £ 5 terw rds ’ ’ o - a So at So ov m Bodd in ton s co o . m 1 Sa 8 . uel g py, with his b k pl te ld theby s , N e ber 95 a Fa ax M a an d n him in 1 1 2 to F l am Acquired by Ch rles irf urr y , prese ted by 9 t he itzwi li

M m am . useu , C bridge

W m a 1 1 or 1 o - v v 1 1 00 a on 1 00 av . a 8 8 2 n n fi e a s . pl tes le es ter rk j WHATMAN 3 3 , twe ty le e - m n . an as a o o n o o . in d v . P a [ 11 ] Pri n ted in red br wn . U c l ured Nu bered pe cil Arr ge b e l te ’

S : c m . o m a m a a v on on e a . 2 8 8 2 n in m o o o ker s rk cle rly isible pl te ize x 3 5 B u d red r cc ,

on M o o o v e . n n n . g . , by Leight , with the il es crest the fr t c er

1 U a a to h a n in in o a n to th e a a alo su lly st ted ve bee cluded t he C sier libr ry , but refere ce s le c t gue a w as sh ows th t it s old by a nother an onym ous own er .

1 1 4 J erusalem

’ Fo m in o on of om a and o at So 2 6 Ma 1 8 2 r erly the c llecti Th s Butts , s ld theby s , rch 5

Mo on M n 1 0 . n a of lot R . n £ an d o him ( 5 7 , ckt il es , I herited by the E rl Crewe , s ld by ’ at So 0 Ma 1 0 lot 1 uaritch T n a W am W theby s , 3 rch 9 3 ( 5 , Q , he cquired by illi A . hite , a d o o Ro a h o h a m in 1 Now n t n 2 . in n Ro n a s ld se b ch wit t er Bl ke ite s 9 9 the Lessi g J . se w ld h n on o ion a of on W a . . C llect , Libr ry C gress , s i gt , D C a x hib. : o 1 0 no . 2 ; P a 1 n o . 1 1 . E Gr lier Club , 9 5 , 3 hil delphi , 939, 5

a W a m a 1 8 1 o - o a 1 00 on 1 00 av . n n v . pl tes le es ter rk J WHATMAN 3 , twe ty f ur le es - m PI 1 6 n an d . i o . n o o . . 0 i a S n n n 2 n . Pri ted red br w U c l ured is issi g , pl is duplic te ize 0 cm o n in a a on m o a n on 2 2 2 . n . 3 5 x 4 5 , u cut B u d h lf russi (c te p r ry) with letteri g piece

side .

o a o of ov n an o 1 ff for a Sa There is n in dic ti n pr e ce bef re 928 . O ered s le by C . J. wyer a C S i 1 8 . in ortlan d t o a o . 1 2 a on n n 2 Ltd , Gr ft treet , Ju e 9 Afterw rds the Bish p libr ry , s ld b the m an o a on 1 8 lot 2 80 S Now in y A eric Art Ass ci ti , 5 April 93 ( , essler, ha Ro n oom f P Pa o on of . e o . the c llecti C rles J s bl , ittsburgh ,

F C C : a on 1 8 om o ; E Y W am A S I M I L E R E P R O D U T I O N S Pe rs , 7 7 , fr c py D , iii , reduced ; The illi

a 1 1 om o in o o ; o om o 1 . Bl ke Trust , 95 , fr c py E c l ur ditt , fr C py C , 953

1 1 5 ’ ON H O M E R S P O E T R Y [and] ON V I R G I L [abou t 1 8 1 8— 2 2 ]

D E S C R I PT I O N - n a 1 1 c m . n o 1 0 n o . A si gle pl te , 5 x ; relief etchi g ; u c l ured C O N T E N T S ' 2 n of o h a On omer s Poe and n n n : ve Poem m us necessa il 3 li es pr se , e ded H try, begi i g E ry t r y be a e ec Uni o o 1 n of o a On V i il and inn n : S acred p rf t ty, f ll wed by 5 li es pr se , he ded rg , beg i g ru h has ronou ced To o o a a n . f n n m an a a a as o T t p the left the sec d he di g pl ys h rp , f ur figures stan d beside a tree ; t o the righ t roots or fl am es c om e d own ; there are am o rph ous figures

v th e x o V a d a n n n am t o om . di idi g te t irgil , fl es t he b tt N O T E ' ‘ ’ h a on e of a on a a S n av T is le flet is the public ti s c lled by Gilchrist Bl ke s ibylli e Le es . I t

n of a o n m n in a a art and in on n of reflects his feeli g dis pp i t e t cl ssic l , his belief the c grue ce true h an a Som C risti ity nd true art . e of the opi n i on s expressed in it are the s am e a s are fo un d

’ ’ n av in aocoon to in n of On omer s Poe r an d o a e gr ed L , which is referred the si xth li e H t y , pr b bly ' bel on gs t o about th e ye ars 1 8 1 7 — 1 8 ; in b oth of them occurs t he s am e refere nce t o V irgil s A d i 1 h h enei v . a a 8 . a o m n a a t o o of T e hos bel . . i , Bk 34 The pl te is ls si il r ch r cter t se G t q , ’ a On omer s Poe r m h o t o on to o 1 — 1 8 2 2 . 8 1 8 2 2 which is d ted H t y see s , t eref re , bel g the peri d , Six o are no n o of n ot o to a n t o a m o a a a . but it is yet p ssible ssig it re ccur te d te c pies k w , f ur

h ll n a on a a o w a m a an are o a . are a in n d w ich l c ted They pri ted bl ck p per which be rs ter rk , are un col oured .

C O P I E S

w ~ x ~ P n a . n o o . S : 8 cm . n o n i No a m a . in 2 2 n A ter rk ri ted bl ck U c l ured ize 9 3 4 U b u d , h alf green m orocco case .

a a in o o of Probably from the collecti on of Thom s Butts . Afterw rds t he p ssessi n R a Mon on M n o o on an d o son a of ich rd ckt il es , L rd H ught , s ld by his , the E rl ’ w at So 0 Ma 1 0 o The hos o Abel o an d Cre e , theby s , 3 rch 9 3, t gether with G t f , c py A , the ‘ ’ ’ n av n nown as Ma n S n n a o lot 8 uaritch e gr i g k weepi g the I terpreter s P rl ur ( , Q , W a W h an d o o a oo to n a b m . The cquired y illi A ite , s ld with ther Bl ke b ks w R n a o on a of o No in n . os n Ro en a in 1 2 . s b ch 9 9 t he Lessi g J e w ld C llecti , Libr ry C gress ,

W a n on . . shi gt , D C

x hib : o e 1 0 n o . . E . Gr li r Club , 9 5 , 37 b

m . a o : c M . i a . n o o . S 2 n n No a m a . P n n B w ter rk ri ted bl ck U c l ured ize 34 x 4 5 tted , u b u d ’ ’ l So o on at 1 Mar 1 1 8 o h o m Lixm e ll s o . J c py ld with his c llecti Christie s , 5 ch 9 , t get er

t The hos o Abel o a nd th e n av n aocoon lot 1 u aritch 6 n a . wi h G t f , c py B , e gr i g L ( 99, Q , 3 gui e s) w h o o of G oflre n No in t e p ssessi n e y Key es .

1 1 6

he T G H O S T OF A B E L A Re ve l ati on I n t he V i s i on s of Je hov ah Se en b W am a y illi Bl k e .

Colo hon : 1 8 2 2 W a e s O n a te e o e w as 1 88 p , Bl k rigi l S r typ 7

D E S C R I PT I O N 2 a a o 6 1 1 2 c m . e e n n o o pl tes b ut 5 x 5 ; r li f etchi g ; u c l ured . C O N T E N T S

1 . ea n The Ghos t IV ld n s e , bel . ; n : To o d B on in he i er e s . In th H di g t of A , etc begi s L r yr a an at nn n an d en d of n of x are m an m a am on sp ces left bl k t he begi i g the li es te t y s ll figures , g w m a m a ou t n n n the e x on om n a n n om hich y be de sce es represe ti g pulsi fr Ede , C i fleei g fr the o of Se en am an d E ve n a e a n n m an n a b dy Abel , the rp t , Ad u der fruitful tre , recli i g seei g v on am and E ve n e a a n of o e a an an d a isi , Ad u d r b rre tree , the figure Abel b w d but r di t , a Druidic s crifice .

- 2 . B n : live no on an m a in egi s A 65 t Dead : were it n ot better to believe V ision . Al g the left h d rg are m a n n am and E ve n e on o n ; o s ll figures , i cludi g Ad u der the tre which c ils the serpe t bel w , ' am n a x for a n a o m e ou t in on o Ad , ked e cept ski b ut his iddle , is stretch d grief up Abel s b dy ,

' a ov m oa a h o ood o om th e while b e the fl ts figure in scribed : T e V oice f Abel s Bl . At the b tt is o o on c l ph . N O T E ‘ This short dram atic pi ec e was i nclud ed by Gilchrist am on g the so-c alled Sibyllin e ’

k oun . e av . in o m of a am a n a a in oc E v Le es I t is the f r dr tic sce e , pl ced by Bl ke A r y C try in ed o da ls b h ho ah s an a m knee er . e v ds f t ver the dead body of Abel which lays near a Grave. A y ff t ’ bov a a e m V o of oo an d S an . . a are ova a E ve The spe kers Jeh h , Ad , , The ice Abel s Bl d , t At

en d : On each side a horus n els en erin sin the ollowin wh on of fi ve n the C of A g t g g f g , ich c sist li es f a a a o n v . F n The ur ain lls . bl k erse i lly , C t f o o was a To ord B ron in the Wilderness av n n o v o The sh rt w rk dedic ted L y , h i g bee b i usly ’ r B a o n in on vo t he a a an of on a n ain M s e . e ked by ppe r ce Byr s st rtli g C , A y t y l ke rec g ized Byr on e wh o v h im in o of a v n o on a t o ac belie ed with the f rces cre ti e e ergy , th ugh c tr ry cepted

m o a I The hos o bel B a o a a ox in th e on of o of oo r lity . n G t f A l ke sh ws the p r d c flict f rces true g d ’ t and ev il which foll owed upon th e sheddi n g of Abel s bl ood . I t is the s ruggle between

m a a m a the cr th e o of for v n an a nd on teri lis , the first de th , y by Gh st Abel e ge ce , the religi which o a n on th e on e an and o of m m o a av n o of sh uld gr t it h d , t he w rld the spirit , i rt lity, the s i g p wer

a nd a on o an n a h on o . Jesus , religi which w uld tr sce d the e rt the ther a 1 8 8 in o o on v n as w as o n ou t Sam on t o The d te 7 the c l ph e ide tly refers , first p i ted by ps ,

’ B a a of his - n o in m n a oo an d n ot t o a v o l ke s e rliest use relief etchi g pr cess the illu i ted b ks , pre i us

o am on n on o h a a n im u blish ed a m a n issue of The Ghost f Abel. D e the less hyp t ec tes p e rly u

1 1 8 The Ghost of Abel

in of his a an of o Of e hovah in h x h he no t non m o script , spite ccept ce the r le J t is te t , w ere is sy y us s Th e h o Urizen an n a on a h a a in hi . with but with Jesus , i terpret ti re c ed by Bl ke l te life s rt dram a is m ore likely t o have been b o th written a nd etched in 1 8 2 2 . o m in a a an all n in n o o of th e o are n o n . are n O ly f ur c pies w rk k w They u if r ppe r ce , pri ted k ’ Two h av a m a in a a 1 8 2 0 an d 1 8 2 1 . a bl ack an d u ncol oured . e w ter rks the p per d ted Of Bl e s friends and con tem pora ries on ly Thom as Butts (copy A) and John Li nn ell (c opies B an d C)

a m o n ot to . seem t o h av e own ed e x a mples . Bl ke hi s e lf d es refer it C O P I E S a in a W a m a 1 8 1 on on e . n 2 a on 2 av . 2 A pl tes le es ter rk J WHATMAN , le f Pri ted bl ck

h a m o o o a . S : 8 c m . n o n in n n o o . 2 2 U c l ured ize 9 x 34 U b u d , lf gree r cc c se ’ So a at So h 2 6 Ma F om o on of h om a . r the c llecti T s Butts ld with his libr ry t eby s , rch

Mo o n a in o on of the a of 1 8 2 lot R . n n M 5 ( 55 , ckt il es , Afterw rds the c llecti E rl ’ N w f r h o . o in was oin On omer s Poe r o . o. o Crewe , where it j ed with H t y, c py A , a ist ry

Ro a o on a of on W a n o . . n . n n the Lessi g J se w ld C llecti , Libr ry C gress , shi gt , D C

a . x hib. : o 1 0 n o . 1 ; a a 1 n o . 1 2 E Gr lier Club , 9 5 , 37 Phil delphi , 939, 7

w m a . a o . c m . a av . o a n o S : 2 B 2 pl tes on 2 le es N ter rk Prin ted in bl ck . U c l ured ize 34 5 x 4 5

Ma n o n . tted , u b u d

’ ’ h n w o . o a f or h o . No o n nn O omer s Poe r o . v . J h Li ell s c py Ass ci ted wit H t y, c py B , q ist ry ff in the p osses s i on of Geo rey Keyn es .

Nat . a . 1 1 n o . 1 0 Man 1 o . . x hib. : ; 1 n ; 1 2 n o . 0 E G ll 9 3, 3 chester , 9 4 , 93 9 7 , 9

w m a . a s on e av . O a P n in a . o . C 2 pl te 2 l es N ter rk ri ted bl ck Un c l oured Size : 34 5 x 24 2 cm .

n o n in n m o o o o . U b u d , gree r cc f lder ’ ’ Fo m in o n nn o on and s o a at 1 Ma r erly J h Li ell s p ssessi , ld with his libr ry Christie s , 5 rch

a . 1 1 8 lot 2 00 £ 2 C 01 . n . and o his 9 ( , Edw rds , 9 Acquired by He ry D Hughes , s ld with ion at m an o a on 1 o 2 2 2 lot 0 am F. D a c llect A eric Art Ass ci ti , April 9 4 ( 7 , J es r ke , w No in n . n n on a Sa Ma n n o a o n a . the He ry E Hu ti gt Libr ry , ri , C lif r i

W a m a a on 2 av . 1 8 0 . n a 2 2 in . n o o D pl tes le es ter rk J WHATMAN Pri ted bl ck U c l ured . ’

S : 2 cm . o n in a m o o o o h th On om er s Poe r o ize 34 x 3 B u d h lf red r cc , t get er wi H t y, c py D . ’ h On omer s o r For o P e o . Now at n o a o ist ry , see H t y, c py D Tri ity C llege , H rtf rd ,

Conn ecticut .

’

Y . . F S : E . 2 in n Biblio ra h ; 1 2 1 . A C I M I L E R E P R O D U CT I O N S ii pl Key es s g p y , 9

1 1 9 N O T E

The unexpected discovery of the m issing pl ates of There is No Na tur al Religion after the sheets of the ' book had be en prin ted ofl neces s itate d the reprin tin g o th — The a of the fi Sh f e . 1 8 . an rst eet text , pp re rr ge m en t h as thrown ou t several of the in dex reference s on e a h w as n ot ho h to of enou h by p ge , but t is t ug t be g i mportan ce to warran t the reprin ti n g of the i n dex

Sheet as well .

Index

n ff o 2 68 8 1 1 1 Four Z oas The . 2 Cu li e , L rd , 9, 4 , , 3 , , MS xiii , 7 i e a e o L o k . a l . n n n h m A . B I I E Cu i g , , f , 44 , 7 Fr st , W , 49 W S 8 o h n h a m E a e th . 2 . I 2 Curtis , Mrs Greely , 4 , Fr t i g , liz b , o th a m o lm \V n h J . 2 2 Fr i g , , a m on o 2 0 0 1 0 1 1 8 n 1 D , S . F ster , , 4 , 3, Fuseli , He ry , 7 ‘ ’ an o f on The 8 8 8 n a n a D ce Albi , , , 9 e gr vi g fter , 3 a nn It 8 6 D iels , , o n n 2 I 6 a o Thom a I 2 1 0 60 De C verly , bi di g by , 4 . 3 , 4 G isf rd , s , xviii , 4 , , 3 , 39, 44 , , n m an a a 6 1 8 2 De , M ri , 7 4 . m e h 6 2 h e be 8 6 Der is , Mrs S t , Gilc rist , H r rt , ‘ ’ e n a m 2 6 a Da 8 8 8 D t , f csi ile by , 3 , 39, 7 Gl d y , , 9, 93 ’ escri tive atalo ue a k I o n a 2 D p C g , Bl e s , 7 G dwi , M ry , 7 - o an V . a m h G . m . 2 2 Dew S it , A , 3 , 44 , 59 G ll cz , , f csi ile by , 5 ‘ ' b om a oo an d E n The o o 6 Di d in Th F. 2 n , s , 3 G d vil A gels , , c l ur pri t , 3

k E on 8 ah am h in A . 1 1 Dic , dis , 5 Gr , C rist e ,

k ha n o h 1 a G . 60 Dil e , Sir C rles We tw rt , 5 , 7 5 Gr y , Alfred , m a a on 1 o o on 8 Di sd le , B r , 7 , 7 3 Grey, Sir Ge rge , C llecti , 47 , 3 m m a a o Th o m a E . 1 a Di sd le , M j r s , 7 , 7 3 Griggs , f csi ile by , 95 a n am n 2 2 0 6 8 1 Disr eli , Be j i , xviii , , 3 , 37 , 5 , 7 4 , ' D I s rae li I aa 2 2 0 6 8 1 a Am old 2 1 6 , s c , xviii , , 3 , 37 , 5 , 7 4 , H ll , , 4 , 3 , 4 a k 2 c B. 1 . 1 6 Dit hfield . , J , 3 H ll , J Frederic , 4 , 3 , 4 b a m a ob T V Do in s on 2 8 . . , Mrs Willi , H lsey , R ert , 93 a m on a a a o a Co . 2 I 6 8 2 1 0 D dd , Me d , 4 H ilt P l ce S le , , 3, , 3

E a L. 1 an T . oh n . E 1 6 D e y , Mrs dw rd , 5 H ley , ,

a A . 1 oh n m o a 1 H an rott . 6 D e y Me ri l Libr ry , 5 , P , 45 ,

G . onn . B. to 1 a n on 0 D e , W , letter , 4 H rdy , A t , 9 o an 2 a o T n o 6 1 1 1 1 D uce , Fr cis , 3, 37 H rtf rd , ri ity C llege , , 7 , 9 e 6 2 a a o a 1 2 1 2 2 0 Dyer, Mrs L wis , H rv rd C llege Libr ry , 4 , 3, , 3, 9, 3 ,

E d e lhe im a 86 a i m i 6 , C rl , f cs le by , E m a n a m a k of x v n a am a 1 1 d e d Pi e , w ter r , H rvey , Mrs R s y , 3 E a Thom a of a a I 6 a k n ohn 1 dw rds , s , H lif x , 3, 3 H w i s , J , 5 a o h E h a a ann 2 E n h F. 1 1 2 g er , Art ur , H w rt , up r si F y , 4 Y a m a a a o B. E in m k f E E a nd a . llis , . Y . Ye ts , W ( ) , f csi iles , H yes Wise , w ter r , xvii 6 2 2 8 6 8 1 0 a am on ak , 5 , 3 , 39, 4 , 7 , 3, 93, 95 , 97 , 3, H yley , Willi , Mrs Bl e , xvi

n o on 1 n . 6 i tr ducti by , 5 , 4

S . at ham 1 1 E . 6 0 llis , F , 5 Felp , E lwe ll W m O 6 om ak to 6 , dell , 7 letter fr Bl e , 9 E m on a n h 1 2 2 2 k h a om a to ers , Mrs Fr ces W ite , xix , 4 , 3, , 9, Hes et , L dy , letter fr H yley , xvi o on a n “ L 1 6 H ds , L wre ce , m H oe o 1 1 1 60 1 0 E ohn . J , 2 , 6 , , , , , , , ery , J 4 3 R bert xix 4 37 3 o h 2 1 2 6 1 H fer , P ilip , , 3 , 45 , 7 , 9 ’ ' Fa ther s Memoi s o his hild A a k n 1 6 o a n o h 0 r f C , , M l i s , , H ll d , J sep , 9 H ol e r k a m 8 1 8 2 53 y , Frederic , f csi ile by , , , 5 ’ h a m ak o a at oo \V 6 1 8 1 1 1 00 E . . 1 2 1 Felp , Bl e s C tt ge , H per , , xix , 4 , 7 , , 37 , , 7 5 . 3, 3 W h . e E n . 2 6 o h on A Fi ld , dwi , 3 , 5 H ug t , Art ur , 5 7 Fit zG e rald E a 1 o h on a 1 8 , dw rd , 4 H ug t Libr ry , a m m 2 2 6 2 66 o h on o see n h a on k on Fitzwilli Museu , 3, 3 , 39, 47 , 54 , , , H ug t , L rd , Mil es , Ric rd M c t

D. 1 1 1 h Col . n Hug es , He ry , 5 , 3 , 44 , 9 a m an nn a 1 2 6 1 m h O a 8 8 8 Fl x , A , , Hu p ry , zi s , 5 , a m a n ol , J m , 1 2 n n on n E . Fl x Hu ti gt , He ry , xix o h ak a a 1 un n on a 8 1 2 2 6 60 8 F lger S espe re Libr ry , 9 H ti gt Libr ry , , 4 , 4 , 9, 4 , 57 , , 3, m a o n . on 68 0 F r , H Buxt , 5 , , 9 ,

o . C . 6 F rster , Rev , 4 ’ o M . m a ak E . 6 I n n n F rster , , 4 llu i ted Pri ti g , Bl e s , viii ’

o a a a 6 11 . 6 I n k MS . 2 F rster , L ur M 4 dex , Bl e s , 5 , 3 1 92 Index

’ I o i ak a A . 1 0 n n n n . 2 ve ti s Art , Bl e s , ix M ir , H , 4 , 5 , 3 e o n a k n I sla nd in th lh n A . T H . 1 6 , , MS viii , 9 M l i , . , , 5 3 ‘ ’ ’ I s m zm 1 1 Man n the I n a o The , Felix , 4 Sweepi g terpreter s P rl ur, , 1 1 6

’ W o o m a k a a J . , . . , 8 2 h , h D . 6 D , c llect r s r M rs ll Mrs Hug , 3 a k on an d ha o Treatise a s ha a n 8 J c s C tt , , xi M r ll , Juli , 5 a ak u s h o a m a J , Bun 1 8 2 a g , f csi ile by , , 5 M ssey , Ger ld , 59 o a h o J lm , 6 h Jebb , Bis p 4 M t ew , Mrs , ix c a Je h ot t . C . 8 h . J . 2 p , H , 5 M t ews , Mrs M , ix , 3 m a a a e e Jolm e s Th o of o 1 6 n N w Revi w 11 . , s , H f d , M ty, He ry , , ix

o h V . 1 8 8 o n a n , , 2 2 , , 8 , M , 8 J es , Hersc el 3 4 3 7 elb ur e Art G llery 9 on T 1 8 on a 8 60 8 1 1 1 J es , Miss essie , 3, 7 Mell , P ul , 4 , 5 , , , 4 on a nd on a -m ak h n n on 2 1 2 6 J es P tifex , pl te ers , xiii Met ue , Sir Alger , , 3 , 4 o h of m a h a 88 o o a n m Ne w o k 6 J sep Ari t e , Metr p lit Museu , Y r , 5

S . ln an n . Mi er, F y F , 57 Ke rrich h a E a ln h a on k on 6 2 1 , Ric rd dw rd , 39 Mi es , Ric rd M c t , xviii , 3, 4 , 5 , , , Ke rrich Thom a 1 8 6 8 1 , s , 39 3 , 3 , 47 , 3, , ’ K n Ge ofli' e 1 8 6 8 86 8 on ak of 1 0 1 ey es , y, 7 , 54 , 5 , 9, 5 , , 7 , 95 , Milt , Bl e s view , Mo at ee E m fl s on . . , Mrs , ers , F W Biblio ra h 1 1 9 on o om 6 g p y , 39, M tebell , C tesse de , 7

Blake S t udies 1 1 2 o an . on 6 1 1 , M rg , J Pierp t , xix , 7 , 4 K an n o 8 o an a 2 1 6 6 6 ill i , L rd , 5 M rg Libr ry, 5 , , 37 , 44 , 59, 7 , 9, 7 , 7 7 , ‘ ’ K n and n of t he a 1 8 0 i g Quee F iries , 9 , 95 , o n 6 8 6 M rse , Syd ey , 9, a ar a o a 8 6 6 n m E . 1 2 2 L f ge , Mrs B cel , 37 M ss , Willi , , , 4 , 5 7 , 7 am h a 66 am a m 6 1 8 2 2 L b , C rles , Muir, Willi , f csi ile by, 3, , , 5 , 3 , 39, '

Laocoon n a n 1 1 6 8 6 n . 6 6 8 1 0 1 1 , e gr vi g , 4 , 3 , 9, 7 , 3, 93, 3, 7 ‘ ’ a h n on a on of 1 1 un h a m at 2 L ug i g S g , e rly versi , M ic , f csi iles , 3 ’ M r a a A horisms u d on C . n n 1 L v ter s p , 3 , , bi di g by , 4 h a a a H . 1 a 2 66 1 1 a n E . L wre ce , , 3 Murr y , C rles F irf x , 3, 39, 4 7 , , 4 a n Thom a L wre ce , Sir s , 54 h on n n 68 1 1 N h a n a o o - n 6 Leig t , bi di g by, , 4 ebuc d ezz r c l ur pri t , 3 e n o o e on 1 0 Ne w a m h h of L x C ll cti , 3 Jerus le , C urc , 3 ' ’ k Review Mat s n a 11 . Letteri g , Bl e s , 53 , y , ix G n n 1 6 Ne w o k a 1 2 1 6 8 2 1 0 Lewis , , bi di g by, 3, 3 Y r Public Libr ry, 3, 4 , 3 , 4 , , 3 nn am Th om a 66 N m an 0 1 Li ell , J es s , ew , , 3 8 N on E a 8 8 n n ohn 8 1 1 6 62 6 . 2 2 68 Li ell , J , xviii , , 4 , , 3 , 39, 47 , , 5 , ewt , A dw rd , xix , 5 , , 3 , 4 , 5 7 , ,

r N nn Jolm . 6 on , a o n , 6 , 86 , 8 Li ell , , j , 5 ewt Miss C r li e 9 7 ‘ ’ nn am 6 2 N on o o - n of 2 Li ell , Willi , ewt , c l ur pri t , ’ n 60 Nollekens a nd his Times m h 8 80 8 8 8 Little , He ry, , S it s , viii , 5 , , 5 , ’ a m No m ak o n Co . 1 8 n n h 6 Little , Br w , f csi ile by , se se r y e, Bl e s , 4 Little Tom the S ailor oa No on ha E o 6 , br dside , xi rt , C rles li t , 9 - N te d e oc k am on k 2 2 6 o s an ries 1 1 n . L er L ps , Frederic , xviii , 4 , 4 , 3 , 4 , Qu ,

5 7 , 7 5 ‘ ’ Lond on Ma azi ne The 1 1 2 O on an d T an a 1 g , , ber it i , 9 ’ o Am 1 2 0 8 Occult Philoso h a 20 L well , Miss y, 3, 3, 3 , 3 p y, Agripp s ,

P. 1 8 0 O m as on . 2 s t , F , 3, 3 , 3 , 9 a on a n n M cd ld , bi di g by , 37 , 43, 7 5

MacDon ald 1 6 2 1 8 a a an T . 2 2 1 02 , Dr Greville , , 3, 3 , 7 P lgr ve , Fr cis , xviii , 4 , 4 , 9, 45 , 7 4 , a m o ac or B. 2 0 6 1 M e e . 2 2 g g , B , xviii , , 3 , 37 , 44 , 5 , 7 4 , P l er , Ge rge Herbert , ar on ohn 1 2 Pe s , J , , 7 4 a k a an 2 2 8 60 8 2 a m 1 1 M c y , Alex der , 4 , 3 , 3 , , f csi ile by , 5

McKell a McC . 1 a n . 1 6 0 6 2 J 2 , , D vid , Perry , M rsde , , 5 , 3 5 of a k n J . , n n , 1 0 , , , 2 M c e zie, bi di g by 3 Pewter use x 5

a m an an 62 o h m a H . 1 M c ill , Alex der, Pf rz ei er, C rl , 5 1 23 Index

h e . m h T e e . Noll k ns a n d his Tim s 8 80 P illips , H 59 S it , J . , , viii , 5 , ,

k n B M . 6 6 . 8 8 8 Pic eri g , , 4 , , 9 5 , ’ m n ak o f m h a h a 66 Pig e ts , Bl e s use , xv S it , R p el , o m an Ma x 6 S on s o E x e ience MSS of Pl w , , 7 g , f p r , , 54 n o on S on s o I n nocence o f i tr ducti by , 39 g f , MS . , xiii o oc k k 6 o h o e 1 1 2 P ll , Sir Frederic , 4 S ut ey , R b rt , on 8c on En n a e n e e T . 8 8 P tifex S s , gi eers , xiii Sp c r , W lt r , 4 , 3 o a n o 6 a ate a o n a 1 n . n m k f x v T . n P rt rli gt , L dy , 5 , 4 St i s , , w r r , o o J lm B , o e a P tter , Mrs Stere typ pl tes , viii , ix 8 a o . A . 8 n n h a I 1 1 P tts , R , 3, 5 , 4 , 3 Stirli g , Ge er l Arc ib ld , 4 , 4 - o P 1 0 n Lt . C 0 l am n . . . . 1 1 1 de Putr , Rev G , 3 Stirli g , Willi , 4 , 4 o h ar Th om a 1 2 2 St t d , s , 7 , u aritc h B n a a m 6 k am Abur 1 1 0 Q , er rd , f csi ile by , 9 Stu eley , Willi , y , uaritch General a ta lo ue 1 0 8 8 60 ann ohn 2 1 Q , C g , , 44 , 4 , 5 , , Sw , Mrs J Butler , 6 n o n fl nc of 3 Swede b rg , i ue e , 3, 35 in n itical E ssa 1 1 2 Sw bur e , Cr y , 39, ’ h n ak x 1 1 k a o a n 8 0 Relief etc i g , Bl e s , Sy es , M j r Alex der,

R ve le . I . e 2 k R . 8 y, H , 9 Sy es , , 5 Re ve le 2 y, Willey , 9

h T H . 2 8 66 Ta a 86 8 Ric es , . , xix , 3 , 3 , 47 , te G llery , , 9 h Ta ham H . . H . T . 6 2 Ric es , Mrs , t , C , 44 hm on o o a of ak 1 1 Ta ham k 8 Ric d , Ge rge , p rtr it Mrs Bl e , 4 t , Frederic , 3 , 5 , 5 n a nk 1 1 an d er us alem 1 1 1 Ri der, Fr , 5 , 39, 3 j , n n 1 2 1 2 1 2 8 Li e o Blake 1 1 Riviere , bi di g by , 5 , 7 , , 3, 3 , 3 , 39, 4 , f f , 4 Ta o I wa m a k o f yl r , ter r , xvii h a o a o on a m 8 6 1 1 Th m o C . . 2 R berts , W Gr , , s , Ge rge , 59 hom o a a a o o n on n a 2 6 T n n of MSS . n . R bi s , He ry Cr bb , 3 , 5 ps , He ry Y tes , C t l gue , I I I Dia 1 1 2 Thom on h a 8 8 0 8 8 8 ry, s , Ric rd , 5 , , 5 , R ho n o K o on . T 1 n a n . 0 8 6 R bs , C . , 3 r e , Mrs L d , xix , 5 , 3 , 3 , 44 , 4 , 7 4

o n 1 Tho n on n . 2 P. 6 R gers , He ry , r t , He ry , M , 4 o am 1 2 Tho n on 6 R gers , S uel , r t , Misses , 4

a . Tho a o n oom h J 6 1 1 on , 1 8 1 1 R se bl , C rles , , 7 5 , 5 r , Mrs W rd , 7 5 , 3 ‘ ' h h a n of a n . o o n 1 T o n J n , x , , , , 2 , T e n , , R se w ld , Lessi g , C llecti xix 4 5 ree Accusers , , e gr vi g 35 37 h a n . k o 6 2 2 6 6 0 2 2 2 6 T n . n B. 1 , 3, 5 7 , 3 , i er , Pr f C u cey , xix , , , 4 , , 8 2 86 8 0 2 1 0 1 1 2 1 1 7 5 , , , 9, 9 , 9 , 95 , 3, , 5 , 1 1 6 1 1 T am 0 60 , 9 ite , Sir Willi , 3 , o h h o Tom k in s on ha 6 R t sc ild , L rd , 59 , Mic el , 4

w a To v . . Ro fan t 2 2 6 o e J 2 , 6 , 1 1 Libr ry , xviii , 4 , 3 , 4 , 7 5 y, C , 9, 45 7 4 ' 81 I u1 n e rs w a m a k of ii Toove am 6 1 1 Ruse ter r , xv y, J es , 59, 7 , 4 k n ohn 6 1 1 1 1 Tre as k is am an d e us a lem I 1 1 Rus i , J , , g , J es , j r , k ha B. 2 T Russell , A . G . , 39, 4 ul , C rles Augustus , 59 T k E n ravin s 1 11 . 6 g g , 5 ul , Mrs , T r n a on to 8 u er , D ws , letter , xv , 4 a olm 11 Milto to m on J , , 8 , 1 0, 1 1 . 1 , x , 6 , n ff , 1 0 2 S ps , Dr xiv 3 4 3 O ered ‘ ’ T The o e on in 6 1 yger , , c rr cti , 53, ' o Geo ra h 1 Sc tt s g p y , 3 T m th e 1 V a olm e n 1 0 J , 86 Serp t e ple , , rley , e n h 1 1 1 V k E . 66 S ver , Art ur , ic ery , Judge Willis , m h a . V o a a nd E . J , 1 , , 1 1 2 S w , 4 95 ict ri Albert Museu V n am H . 1 1 02 h h . 2 S ep erd , R , i e , J es ,

h L. S ipley , C . , 5 7 ‘ ’ ’

a a l . n e a k 1 1 6 Jo m R , 6 2 Sibylli e L ves , Bl e s , W de , Mrs \ w a va n V ain ri h t T . 6 n n n 1 6 1 e . Si dere , Mrs Adri , , 3 g , G 5 \ m h o 1 1 V a n Ro m . 6 1 S it , Ge rge , 44 , 7 r er , Mrs S h r 1 a n CTl aI le s m o C . . 6 1 2 2 6 S it , Ge rge , j , 5 , , 7 , , 3 , 37 , 44 , W rre , Judge , 5 ' 6 6 8 0 8 1 1 1 \V a -c o o ak 5 of 3 5 , 7 5 , , , 95 , 7 ter l urs , Bl e use , xv 1 24

The Com mittee on Publica tions of the Grolier Club certifi es tha t this is one of a n edition of f our hundred copies rin ted b the Universi Press Ca mbrid e E n la nd p y ty , g , g in j une 1 9 5 3