Australian Television Drama Index, 1999-2019
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This may be the author’s version of a work that was submitted/accepted for publication in the following source: Lotz, Amanda D, Potter, Anna, McCutcheon, Marion, Sanson, Kevin,& Eklund, Oliver (2021) Australian Television Drama Index, 1999-2019. [Working Paper] This file was downloaded from: https://eprints.qut.edu.au/212330/ c 2021 Contact the authors This work is covered by copyright. Unless the document is being made available under a Creative Commons Licence, you must assume that re-use is limited to personal use and that permission from the copyright owner must be obtained for all other uses. If the docu- ment is available under a Creative Commons License (or other specified license) then refer to the Licence for details of permitted re-use. It is a condition of access that users recog- nise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. If you believe that this work infringes copyright please provide details by email to [email protected] License: Creative Commons: Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 4.0 Notice: Please note that this document may not be the Version of Record (i.e. published version) of the work. Author manuscript versions (as Sub- mitted for peer review or as Accepted for publication after peer review) can be identified by an absence of publisher branding and/or typeset appear- ance. If there is any doubt, please refer to the published source. https://doi.org/10.5204/rep.eprints.212330 Australian Television Drama Index August 2021 Produced by the Making Australian TV in the 21st Century Research Team Executive Summary This report examines changes in the production and commissioning of Australian television drama from 1999 to 2019, a period marked by significant adjustments in the business of television in Australia and globally. Notably, more production companies now make drama in Australia, however, hours of drama have fallen. In 2019, twice as many companies produced 20 per cent fewer hours than in 1999. Also, foreign acquisitions are challenging the viability of domestic companies that lack access to international corporate capital and distribution. The decrease in adult drama hours commissioned by commercial broadcasters has reshaped Australian television drama more than any other change, with commercial adult drama hours falling from 208 hours in 1999 to 67 hours in 2019, a reduction of 68 per cent. The national broadcasters have increased their role in commissioning, particularly in children’s drama. Titles have not decreased nearly as significantly as the number of episodes per series. Commercial broadcasters’ drama decreased from an average of 21 episodes per title per year in 1999 to seven in 2019, a 60 per cent decrease that, along with the increasing peripheralisation of soaps, has diminished available training grounds and career paths in the Australian scripted production industry. About the Authors The Making Australian TV in the 21st Century Research team is funded by an ARC Discovery Project Grant (DP210100849). Professor Amanda D. Lotz (QUT) led the report in collaboration with Associate Professor Anna Potter (USC) and Professor Kevin Sanson. Dr. Marion McCutcheon and Oliver Eklund constructed the data set and contributed the visualisation and analysis. Our thanks as well to Godwin Simon for assistance in data gathering. Suggested citation: Making Australian TV in the 21st Century Research Team, ‘Australian Television Drama Index, 1999–2019’, Report, Queensland University of Technology, 2021. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5204/rep.eprints.212330 This report can be downloaded from: https://eprints.qut.edu.au/212330/ Layout and design: small t design This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial- Share Alike 4.0 International License 2 Australian Television Drama Index Index Executive Summary 2 Introduction 4 Key Findings 5 Australian Television Drama: The Producers 6 Australia is not dominated by ‘in-house’ commissioning 6 More production companies are making less Australian drama 7 Decreasing levels of Australian ownership in the production sector 10 Australian TV Drama: The Commissioners 12 Decreasing role of commercial broadcasters, expanded role of national broadcasters 12 What is Commissioned? 14 Significant reduction in episodes per series offered by commercial broadcasters 14 Significant reduction in children’s live-action drama production 15 Conclusion 16 Methodology 16 Australian Television Drama Index 3 Introduction The production of Australian television is at a turning point. A series of changes to the ecosystem of producers and distributors over the last two decades has forced both to evolve and adapt. The changes – particularly related to the internationalisation of the production sector and the revenue available to services that commission Australian television drama – have grown beyond those that industry adaptation can solve and are increasingly existential. The research team for the Making Australian Television Our funding began in 2021, a year of great change in the 21st Century Discovery Project created this Index for Australian television drama. The combination of as a means of clarifying the extent of the challenges COVID-19 and modifications to Australian content facing Australian television drama. The Index draws regulations in 2020 means that 2019 marks the end from data collected by Screen Australia augmented of an era for producers. In particular, the complete with additional analysis in order to identify substantial removal of children’s or C drama quotas on Australia’s changes in the sector. We appreciate the scale of three commercial broadcasters is likely to profoundly challenges facing policymakers and the industry affect children’s drama production. and share the Index in the hope it brings systematic evidence to discussions and debates that will benefit Australian viewers and culture. 4 Australian Television Drama Index Key Findings The number of production companies making Australian dramas has increased, while the 1 number of hours produced has declined significantly. Available work and revenue have become diluted, particularly in adult drama. Australia has low levels of in-house drama production that are likely to drop further given the 2 changes to drama content regulations. Australian drama is decreasingly produced by Australian-owned production companies, 3 especially among those producing sizable quantities of adult drama hours. Total hours of first-release adult and children’s Australian drama broadcast by commercial 4 channels in 2019 were less than half of those broadcast in 1999. National broadcasters have expanded their role in drama production. Foxtel’s drama 5 commissions are now matched by the commissions of SVODs (Netflix and Stan). Combined, these services still commission only a fraction of what commercial broadcasters provided pre-2019. Much of the decline in production results from a decrease in the number of episodes per title 6 rather than overall decline in the number of titles. Children’s drama production remains quite level across the reference period, a result of 7 commercial broadcasters producing to meet quota levels, but it exhibits a notable replacement of live-action children’s hours with animation from 2006. The removal of content quotas from commercial broadcasters is likely to see these levels of production fall dramatically post-2021. Data Source What is Television Drama? Screen Australia’s annual Drama Report is Unless specified, all figures and tables here: the primary source of the Drama Index. The • Present drama programs by year of first Drama Report incorporates data gathered by broadcast Screen Australia through surveys and additional • Include drama programs broadcast by free-to- publicly available sources and aims to provide air, subscription, and video-on-demand services a comprehensive view of drama production in • Exclude soaps (series broadcast at a rate higher Australia in each financial year.1 The Drama Report than one episode per week, unless miniseries) because at half of annual drama hours, soaps is, however, not a census. In order to capture all obscure broader market changes Australian drama productions offered on Australian • Exclude telemovies – unless they were produced television, we have included additional productions as part of a series because the infrastructure identified by cross-checking the Drama Report with of a single movie differs from that of series Screen Australia’s Screen Guide and the Australian production Communications and Media Authority reports. A more detailed accounting of method appears at the end of the report. 1 www.screenaustralia.gov.au/fact-finders/reports-and-key-issues/reports-and-discussion-papers/drama-report Australian Television Drama Index 5 6 Figure 1: Yearly Percentage of Hours Produced ‘In-House’byCommissioningChannel ofHoursProduced Percentage 1:Yearly Figure since 2013. hasbeendecreasing entities,andthatshare itsownproduction ofhoursfrom commissioned asignificantshare any policyinterventions,incontrasttotheUnitedStatesandKingdom.OnlySevenNetwork without Thishasoccurred bybroadcasters. Australia hashadlowlevelsofin-housedramaproduction Australia isnotdominatedby‘in-house’commissioning The Producers Drama: Australian Television A % of Total Runtime dult drama 100 20% 40% 60% 80% 0% % Nine Networ Network Te Seven Network 1999 75% 2000 75% 2001 67% 2002 67% n 2003 70% k 2004 69% 2005 63% 2006 65% 2007 64% Foxtel SBS ABC 2008 62% 2009 61% 2010 61% 2011 66% 2012 66% 2013 65% 2014 70% 2015 65% 2016 72% External