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TO THE EDITOR OF THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE: ustrated by

FEEL sure it is desir- Will Heaslip able and possible for I any normal man or woman of over 50 to con- tinue to be alert in mind and ticularly when he body for many years, and I see gets over 65. no reason why they should not There is one continue to earn their living by item that Mr. Ste- their own efforts until they are phenson did not at least 80, when they should mention in his ar- possibly slow down some and ticle about myelf;

not do much in the way of phys- it is this, among other ical work. things told me by the Now I know it is the fashion doctor. today for the general French holly trees public to think that breathe through their old people should quit many evergreen leaves work after 65, when and throw out oxygen they should live on into the air; they have quantities their relatives, or their of leaves, therefore throw out personal savings, or a pension, or the maximum amount per tree. on relief from the Government, oxygen produces energy, LEGIONNAIRE Howard Stephen- Now

and thus live happy and con- ' son's inspirational Never, so I started to grow French Never Say Die! in the tf.arch is- tented till they die. holly, have proved out that liv- sue brought him a flood of letters Believe it or not, a quitter is from people who appreciated the ing in an atmosphere of much stories of men and women who never happy or contented, at any oxygen has been good for me by courage and clear thinking age under 80. Mother nature found a fresh start when their and my wife and thus continue customary way of making a liv- helps those that help themselves. to be very much on the job at ing went blooey. One of the You quit work and mother na- stories Mr. Stephenson told was 76 and expect to be so for some that of P. H. Peyran of Tacoma, ture quits you, and soon you time to come. My suggestion is, Washington, who was given one will be a dead one, in the year to live away back in 1916. grow French holly and live long world's work, so much needed Peyran was then fifty-one years in contentment and interest in old. He and his wife talked things now, even if you still continue over and decided they would move work. The Legionnaires will al- to eat and breathe, while the out from the city to a little briar ways be welcome at our home patch they owned at nearby Gig chances are you will not do that place, Hollycroft Gardens, to see Harbor. They're still there, pros- much longer. perous and happy in their job of lust hand how back to working raising French holly trees. Mr. Personally, on the land growing trees is a I have learned that Peyran will answer all queries, a quitter gets nowhere, is soon and welcomes visitors. very interesting and satisfying forgotten and not missed, par- business. P. H. PEYRAN

AUGUST, 19+ 1 THE AMERICAN

MAGAZINEmm August, 1941 Vol. 51. No. 2

Postmaster: Please send notices on form mirl copies returner! under labels form 3">79, to 777 N. Meridian St., Indianapolis, lnd. Published Monthly by The American Legion, 455 West 22d Street, Chicago, Illinois EXECUTIVE AND ADMINISTRATIVE OFFICES EDITORIAL AND ADVERTISING OFTICES Indianapolis, Indiana 75 West 48th St., New York City

COVER DESIGN The By E. B. Comstock

A LETTER FROM A LIVE WIRE 1 Message Center By P. H. Peyran Illustrations by William Heaslip WE GIVE a special welcome in this issue to Legionnaires Wen- BATHING BEAUTIES 5 dell Willkie and F. H. (Fiorello Henry) By Wallgren LaGuardia. The Republican candidate for IT'S EVERYBODY'S JOB 4 By F. H. LaGuardia the Presidency in the 1940 election has added to his stature by his words and NEPHEWS OF CHIKO SAM 6 By R. G. Kirk deeds in the months since last Novem- Illustrations by J. W. Sclilaikjer ber, and in his grand article In Union IN UNION . . STRENGTH 8 . Strength read you may sage counsel By W endell L. Willkie as well as encouragement for the task GOTTA HAVE RUBBER TO WIN 10 of ahead all of us Americans. A member By Fred B. Barton of Summit Post of the Legion in Akron, NEVER HEARD OF HIM? 12 Ohio, (he was its Commander for two By Thomas J. Malone terms) Mr. Willkie now makes his home Illustration by V. E. Pylt s

in New York City, where as you all know HAY FOOT, STRAW FOOT AGAIN 14 Major LaGuardia is Mayor. When we By Frederick C. Painton said up above that Mr. Willkie had TINDERBOX OFF ASIA 16 added to his stature we inevitably By William Parker Map by Henry O'Brien thought of the Mayor's diminutive size, J. but decided not to change the figure of MURDERERS: KEEP AWAY FROM CLEVELAND 18 speech, for his honor, though short, is B y \o Chamberlin in the cant language of his own Broad- way "plenty smart in the head." In ad- THEY'RE ALL OBSOLETE 20 By Samuel Taylor Moure dition to his job as chief executive of the largest city of the Western World and as BURSTS AND DUDS 22 United States Director of Civilian De- EDITORIAL: How Ami ri< \ stands 25 THEY'RE STILL ROLLING 24 By Herberi Morton Stoops Important PLAY, SOLDIER, PLAY 26 Mi rediTh A form for your convenience ij you wish lo By Ted have ffie magazine seal (<> anofner address TOOLS FOR VICTORY 28 it ill he found 011 page 57. By Harold S. Falk THEY CALL IT SNUG HARBOR

fense, Major LaGuardia is Joint Chair- By Boyd B. Stuti i r man of the Canadian-American Defense SAFE ANCHORAGE 54 (Continued on \\\ page 55) John J. Noll

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE is the official publication of The American Legion and is owned

I *>4 I I c\clusi\ cl\ h\ Ik- Anun, .tn I c-utii, Cop \ ri-li( I l>\ I It*-' American eg ion. Entered as second class matter Sept. 26, 1931, at the Post Office at Chicago, 111., under the act of March 3, 1879. Milo J. Warner, Indianapolis, lnd.. National Commander, Chairman of the Legion Publications Commission; Vilas H. Whaley, Racine, Wis., Vice Chairman. Members of Commission: Phil Conley, Charleston, W. Va.; Raymond Fields, Guthrie, Okla.; Jerry Owen, Salem, Ore.: Harry C. Jackson, New Britain, Conn.; Theo- dore Cogswell, Washington. D. C; Robert W. Colflesh, Des Moines, la.; Dwight Griswold, Gordon, Nebr.; Dr. William F. Murphy, Palestine, Tex.; Lawrence Hager, Owensboro, Ky.; Frank C. Love, Syracuse, N. Y.; Elmer Nelson, Milford, Mass.; William B. Fischelis, Philadelphia, Pa.; Claude S. Ramsey, Raleigh, N. C; Glenn H. Campbell. Cleveland, O. Director of Publications, James F. Barton, Indianapolis, lnd.; Editor, Alexander Gardiner; Director of Advertising, Thomas O. Woolf; Managing Editor, Boyd B. Stutler; Art Director, Edward M. Stevenson; Associate Editor, John J. Noll. Names of characters in our fiction and semi-fiction articles that deal with types are fictitious. Use of the name of any person living or dead is pure coincidence. National Distillers Products Corporation Acceptance for mailing at special rate of postage provided for in Section 11CH, Act of October, 3, 1917 New York authorized January 5, 1925. Price, single copy, 15 Cents, yearly subscription, $1.25.

2 The AMERICAN' LEGION Magazine Whin Purchasing Products Please Mention The American Legion Magazine Suite BAtHlN6 Realities means ram -<3y \SV cx{(QY*e.YK ^J>\ / home 'P /Vouj H\aV H\ey are Seasonable ubiquitous*, uoe recall a"feuj"batV\ir\q beauties" oP H\e A E.E - memories- of oulmch are KO+ beautiful -fo saq toe leasH

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VJE Hav/E,5atW£D IN VlUA^E. WASH-HOUSES.- MUCH WEWaVE. BATHED IN BI6TtNTUB& IN''Le BAlHS To "THE AMUSEMENT OF'THe." "BtAMCMlSSEaSES ." ?Oe>UQUE" - AND "BEEN OFFERED 'ASSuSTS "...

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HAVE. BATHED IN ice- cold SPRiMgaNa-ter from A ViEli - IK MID WINTER.

1 -J? (^teG-RE .! PWTTUiS MAKE- VIE HAME &A~mED, FRE^eNTLV, IN TOWN FOUN- You Feel Nicg. ahp cool?) W& HAnJE MELTED COLINTUESS "BOOkETS CFSWOUJ TAINS - Jus.T TO PAMPEN OUR "&UBBLIN6 SPIRcrS - -TO GET ENOU6M WATER FOR. -A HOT BATH ••

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ACKNCUaL - We Have ~£ AKD Vi&'VE EISCAI&rJTS To Jack" r.- im Bathed in 'Batheo* C- CAWrl - *: OlU, 6R&ASE, SCALD1N0 Who V-IRotfe. UOTV/ATER. X Creosote. , ABoar -WE -TRVlNfe TO -SquiktepomI "•Places HE '• (lef R\p OP IN THE SLEPT IK A CASE OF •pEioUSER." "FRENCH VTOH At Brest ^»

AUGUST, 1941 3 If*

Commander Warner and Director LaGuardia talk it over If* J JOB

Milo J. Warner, Na- civilian populations under fire, women WHENtional Commander of The and children killed by air bombing. This American Legion, walked time as we talked the Commander was into my office some weeks By F.H. not drawing on his imagination. It was ago, shot out his hand and said, "Major, no longer an imaginary picture. He had I come to pledge you my full and com- LAGUARDIA been there, had seen. He had witnessed plete cooperation and that of every Post the destruction wrought by long-sus- and member of the Legion," I knew that DIRECTOR, UNITED STATES tained attacks. He was telling the grim my job was made much easier, the train- OFFICE OF CIVILIAN DEFENSE and hard story of a brave people taking ing period reduced by one-half and that terrific punishment day after day, night we could soon have a civilian defense after night. We compared the tech-

like which is yet to be seen. nique of the present war with that of force the of First of six civilian defense man- It few weeks before this day the old. We agreed that war no longer wasn't but a uals. You'll have the rest shortly that National Commander War- could be localized. War zones ner sat in my office in City Hall seem no longer to exist. A front- and we were chatting just be- line trench, if there is one, seems fore he flew to London on his to be the safest place. Every tour of observation and study. city is a bombing target, every Even during the short period of industrial center a bombing ob- six weeks the world situation jective. Protection and rights of had changed. Our relative posi- non-combatants are wiped away. tion in the world crisis had be- Every resident of a city—men. come more acute. We seemed to women and children—is subject be nearer the point of danger. to attack and may actually at At that earlier meeting we any moment of the day or night discussed the "old war." We be under fire. This has brought had mental pictures of the hor- into existence a new army—the ror of the present war. We civilian defense force. visualized cities under attack, The job of forming this new

4 The AMERICAN LEGION Magazine the responsibility of protecting our through the death of his own comrades shores and our institutions, has estab- and in many instances the loss of part lished the United States Office of Civilian of his own blood the necessity of being Defense. The order has been given, the calm and collected, cool and disciplined. call has gone out. Members of The He has learned through actual experience American Legion, along with those of that every individual cannot work out other veteran organizations and patriotic, his own plan of attack or plan of de- fraternal, industrial and labor bodies, fense. That there must be but one plan men and women all over the country and that every individual must accept have responded. Our work has com- that plan, obey orders, go to his post

menced. and follow instructions. All of that is

Our very first duty is to educate the true in the case of civilian defense. American people to the necessity of re- The conditions in each city are studied, maining calm, and keeping cool under the best protection for every individual

fire. It must be remembered that very- is carefully surveyed. The plan is worked few of our people as civilians have known out and every man, woman and child in the horrors of actual warfare. Surely the city, in the county, in the village or none of our generation. Our people must town must play the game, do his or her first realize that we can no longer de- part by remaining or going to his assigned

place; thus the loss of life- will be greatly reduced. Part of the purpose of an air at-

tack is to create confusion, with resulting panic. The

1918 British veterans natural tendency is for peo- take a hand in home de- ple to run out, to gather and fense. Right, a group of business men practise with a fire pump

civilian army, of coordinat- ing all existing forces, or preparing the necessary training, finding ways and means to obtain the neces- sary equipment, are all part of 'the U. S. Office of Ci- vilian Defense. We do not start from scratch. We have pend upon distance ior protection. It before us two years of the hard experi- is as necessary for civilians to under- ence of the people of England. We have go training at this time as it is to train the benefit of having observed the de- men in the armed forces of the Army velopment of this new army of civilian and Navy. To bring terror to the ci- defense. The improvement in the equip- vilian population, to detract from a ment and the skill developed in fire prepared program of production of fighting under war conditions, all contrib- weapons of defense and offense, to cre- ute to make our task that much easier. ate confusion and The President of the destroy the morale United States, Commander- in-Chief of the nation"s armed forces, vested with An American Woman's Ambulance corps surveys damage to its British quar- ters, prepares to carry on

congregate in large numbers. This must be avoided. So in this first course of training every Legionnaire must instruct his own family, his neighbor, his friends, his fellow workers, and impress upon them the necessity of Putting out a fire caused by in- following instructions, which cendiary bombs. At left, air raid will be provided for every wardens sound the alarm block in every city, village and town and for every house in every block. If the are all part of the new technique of war. order is lights out. lights must be turned The Legionnaire now becomes a new- out. If the order is to remain in the build- kind of drillmaster—an instructor in ing, this must be obeyed. If there is ex- civilian defense. He has been under fire, citement a few blocks away the tempta- he knows the first feeling, he has gone tion to rush there must be resisted. It will through the reaction, he has learned (Continued on page 38) —

CHIKO is Mike Oslanski's word lot of the old primitive South-Slav gift who runs the 99, the big mogul yard for Uncle. He always calls his for hatred; especially for any one who shifter; then comes Chrester's place, country Chiko Sam. You bet on will try to undermine his country's where, with several other mill hands, he

it, America is Mike's country. strength. Mike appreciates what he's keeps bachelor's hall.

Of course, I know: if your name ends got here in America. And no one in We waited till a day when working in ski or vitch you're a Column-Fiver, Ironville is going to suspect Mike, or schedules showed that Chrester and his or a Communist, or something. Well, Mike's people, of un-American activi- buddies all were on the plant, and then let me tell you. I am the transportation ties—not after their swift justice with we paid our visit. And what we found! super at Susquehanna Steel, and a fifth the men who wrecked the 44-inch mill. We found a brief-case, with the whole generation American, by grace of God; How Mike happened to suspect Carl lay-out in it for the Fifth-column pro- and Mike Oslanski is the foreman of one Chrester—boss heater, mind you, at the gram of steel mill sabotage. Places, of my track gangs, and first generation 44-inch mill soaking pits—is no part of times, plans, and personnel. And on the American by choice —and a better one this small report. What matters is that very top page was our 44-inch mill; than I. Mike thought me as good an American as all set for destruction when its present The reason Mike is better is that I, he was, and came to me with the sug- shut-down for repairs was over. And the like too many other Americans, have gestion that we search Chrester's house. shut-down was to end at noon that day. gone a little soft, and most particularly Chrester's house is on Bessemer Street, There was a telephone, and I had where we should be hard as spikes which runs along the north end of the just grabbed it and was intently trying with the internal enemies of Uncle Sam. plant. It is in the same row as Mike's to reach the mill, Mike meanwhile read-

This is a thing Mike simply cannot house. There's Mike's place; then his ing with great labor the details of the understand. Mike has still left in him a next door neighbor, Steve Tsrnkovitch, wrecking plan to me, when we heard NEPHEWS OF

I snatched the gun up before the stony- faced blond man could make a move

6 The AMERICAN LEGION Magazine 1 :

this form behind us "Get into that

- closet over there. ' And there was Chrester. In one hand Chrester held the lives of many men— ten maybe; and we were only two. So I grabbed Mike's arm and twisted him away from death and toward the door that Chrester indicated. There was an hour left in which, some- how, to warn the mill. You can't warn mills with bullets in your skull.

"Looks like we picked a bad R. G. KIRK day for our visit, Chrester," I remarked. "You wouldn't be on had been. For we didn't save our giant the job today." I tapped the rolling mill that day. papers from the brief-case. Let's understand the bursting of a fly- "Good chance to get killed wheel. Recall what brought Goliath where you work. Or is your down? A sling. Cords four or five feet real work murder, and not long, and a big brook rock in the leather heating ingots?" pocket. A strapping lad, young David "Shut up," said Chrester. was. He whirled that ancient weapon "Lively. Shut the door after till the long cords were blur; then you." a let one go. And the stone shot at We heard him turn the key Goliath, drilled his thick skull like carefully. and you'd throw a marble through an egg An hour. Then sure hell if we didn't get that warning shell. Powerful medicine, centrifugal through. The plan called for force. the blow-up of the 44-inch mill A rolling mill fly-wheel is about the fly-wheel. Feasible enough. The most centrifugal force there is—the most huge spokes of the fly-wheel terrific of potential slings. Should one of are set in sockets of the hub its mighty spokes let go, it would be and fastened there by pairs of David loosing his sling cord—multiplied heavy bolts. The bolts for one by a billion. Thinking about it made me spoke were to be removed. sick with dread. Smart business. Nobody ever "We've got to make a bust out, inspects the fly-wheel. Nothing Mike," I whispered. "Unless we get

ever gets the matter with it. word to the mill a dozen men may die."

It is so massive, simple. It sits "T'ousand," answered Mike. "Chiko in its huge bearings, and you Sam need dot mill."

keep them oiled, and it just And I knew he was thinking. Women whirls and whirls, hour after and children in Mike's thousand; some hour, in smooth and ponderous of them our own, maybe. All because speed, quietly storing up the traitors halted the making of steel for energy of a thousand elephants, their defense.

wr hich the mill will call on as "You say word, boss," Mike whis-

it must when the sudden heavy pered. "We bust dem door togedder. loads come, squeezing down the Den me. I knock dot Chrester bum great hot blocks of steel. wit' gun cockeye. You go for out- Nobody ever looks down into side door, for Bessemer Street, like hell. the greasy darkness of the fly- Run. Ketch'm telephone some place. wheel pit, where, all unseen, Tell mill—" the big bolts could be loosened. But voices started speaking in the The hardest part of that murder room. One we did not recognize. The job would be to steal the giant Sabotage High Command, we guessed.

wrench to do it from the tool We heard most everything they said.

Illustrations by J. W. Schlaikser room. But it could be done; {Continued on page 41)

AUGUST. 194 By WENDELL L. WILLKIE

A REPRODUCTION OF THE NATIONAL UNITY PAINTING BY J. W. SCHLAIKJER USED AS OUR JANUARY 1941 COVER

THANK The American Legion Magazine for We who tried in the last war to make the world I this opportunity to speak to my oki companions safe for democracy and then found much disillusion-

of the last World War. And I congratulate The ment and heartbreak in the political leadership of American Legion on the clear-headed and forthright subsequent years, might well be the ones leading position which it has taken in the present world crisis. America to negation and isolation and defeatism. But

8 The AMERICAN LEGION Magazine 1 — Strength

it is significant that both through our elected Legion tempts to stultify action and disunite our people by officials and through individual members, it is the mere political harangue are in effect sabotaging their soldiers of 1917 to 1919 who today are calling America will. to world leadership, in the cause of human freedom. Our country is in danger and needs our united We ask no one to cry over the risks we took or the effort. In my case, I support the foreign policy of the hazards we faced. Those memories are our most Administration irrespective of my disagreement with cherished possession—and the more so because they many of its other policies, not alone because it is one's involved sacrifice and service and unselfish high ad- clear duty to do so but because I believe it a wise and venture. right and necessary course. And this, I am sure, is the attitude of most of the soldiers of 1917-19. know But we are little impressed when among those who We did not serve an insignificant few proclaim that the that the doctrine of the "New Order" as proclaimed the most idealistic as well as realistic effort of our lives by Hitler and Goebbels and Mussolini and leaders of definitely intends and will accom- was futile and of no accomplishment. It may seem Japan, plish the ruin of the United States unless it slight to some but after all we did contribute the final economic strength that stopped the menace of German mili- is stopped, and that the rescue of Great Britain is a military necessity to the defense of the United tarism and autocracy in 1919. And with all of the States. depression and tragedy of the last twenty years, it is probably nevertheless true that if we had not fought If the United States is to be effective in carrying out then there would be no liberty to fight for now. her foreign policy, she must in fact become the The mistake we made was not that we fought then United States of America. Individual action must, but that we did not fight later to transform our vic- during this period, be subordinated to the general Sacrifice all. tory into its full significance and possibilities. We good. must be made by Every group social political its indi- should have seen to it that a world was created of economic, and —must forget enlarged trade areas, without prohibitive barriers and vidual objectives and join in the common purposes of free of bitter nationalisms. In this way we might have the nation. We face a foe organized, effective, con- offset a peace treaty written in hate, with unpayable fident, with a highly trained and completely coordi- indemnities and economic degradation—the sure nated people, possessed of great ingenuity and the method of guaranteeing another war. That was our finest military machine ever created.

mistake, not that we fought for the things we be- Ours is the task of bringing the great resources of lieved in. our land—varied and abundant—our vast industrial

Those things we still believe in. production and the resources of human and spiritual strength of our people into one united effort to meet And we do not want our sons taught that there is this threat. The time for hesitation and doubt, for nothing in this world worth fighting for. Above all, disunity and discord, is past. The time for action is we do not want either intellectuals or political dema- at hand. Hitler may say it is war. We cannot foresee gogues to fill them with cynicism about liberty or the future. democracy or the American way—that is not the heritage of our efforts. But we know today that we must clear the Atlantic so that the products of our toil and sweat reach the We met one crisis in our time and now our country fighting men of Britain—we know that every hour faces another critical moment, surrounded as it is by they stand up is an hour gained in our own defense. the on-sweeping forces of totalitarianism. Our admin- We know that every hour we lose in building that istration, elected for a constitutional period, has with defense is an hour gained by Hitler. above all, an overwhelming majority of our representatives in And every sign of Congress, declared the foreign policy of the United we know that disunion in America gives States. We can have only one Administration and comfort to the totalitarian powers, for they know that only one foreign policy at any one time. And when in Union there is Strength.

through our elected representatives we have deter- I am sure that America, in this fateful moment, mined that policy, every American citizen should will again demonstrate that democracy can, through

help to make it effective. united effort, out-produce and if need be, out-fight

Legitimate debate is wise—and our duty—but at- the scientific slavery of Nazism.

AUGUST, 1 94 9 1 -

GOTTA HAVE

practice today, or even passe. Today's armies travel, not merely on their stom- achs, as Frederick the Great said so pointedly. Today's warriors move swiftly into battle on rubber. 2. — V^V^ You know, no doubt, that the familiar "caterpillar" tread of army trucks and

tanks is now generally made of rubber segments, to give a firmer purchase on uneven ground, to permit higher speeds, Military uses for and to reduce shocks to the machinery rubber include, and the operators. But do you know that specifications stipulate at top, huge air- recent U. S. Army pounds of latex foam must be plane tires and, about fifty 28-ton U. S. tank, to above, tires for used inside each men from tanks cushion corners and save our being bruised? Considering that a latex single mattress weighs twenty-five pounds,

that is a lot of cushion. But it is needed.

the French commandeered the taxicabs of WHENParis soldiers into and rushed 6,000 delighted the First Battle of the Marne, Paris was saved. That 9 was September 7, 1 1 4. It was an epoch-making event of the First World War. When in June, 1940, the blitzkrieging Nazi army again threatened Paris, the bewildered French marshaled what equipment they could—including. I do not doubt, those self- same taxicabs. But this time they faced an army fully motor- ized. Trucks operating at high speeds—whole battalions on motorcycles—hundreds of invulnerable men inside tanks, kill- ing from behind the lines and setting fire to every third house so that terror could do its work—these were part of the Nazi Left above, workmen employ rubber for bullet offensive. And those tanks operated, not at the six or eight sealing gasoline tanks, and above, in the manu- miles of a World War tank, but at speeds of forty miles an facture of blimps hour. That gives you some idea of how modern war has speeded up. What was a brilliant performance in 1914-1918 is standard

1 1 The AMERICAN LEGION Magazine Gas-masks—paramount against the deadliest form of nnd warfare—are largely of rubber, and, right, we caterpillar tracks ttl/BB£/txo WIN

avoid injury Ingeniously enough, the gunners inside the tank into rubber and increase accuracy by pressing their foreheads eye-pieces while sighting the guns! ' through Today's airplanes could not fly without rubber. All pilots flew new the past two winters British and Canadian to England. The U. S. bombing-planes from Newfoundland Only planes followed a northerly route, full of snow and sleet. reached England a few years ago the planes never would have under bad weather conditions, for bombers with their large wing-spans could pick up tons of ice and would then fall into inven- the°sea because of the added weight. But an American it forms. tion called the De-icer cracks this ice loose as fast as on the leading The De-icer is a rubber membrane with tubes edge of airplane wings and control surfaces. These are pul- sated by compressed air. The

De-icer is standard on all U. S. transport planes, and of course Si*** on most U. S. combat planes. Above, a ''non-ter- Airplane manufacturers use rifying" rubber gas- rubber tubing in some places mask; left, de-icers instead of copper tubing, the for airplane wings, rubber being easier to install and below, left, test- and also less liable to jolt loose ing puncture- proof or crack under vibration. There auto tires

is plenty of rubber, both seen and unseen, to keep the plane aloft. Rubber- insulated wires operate the controls and the ra- dio; the pilot may wear a rubberized flying-suit and electrically-heated underwear and boots, made safe with rubber, for at 35,000-feet altitude the temperature, even during daylight hours, is usually well below zero. & Rubber helmets cushion the shock in case of a crash. A high-altitude rubber oxy- gen-mask is standard equipment for to- FRED B. day's army aviators. When a plane is forced down into BARTON water, rubber bladders or flotation bags, (Continued on page 56)

AUGUST, i04t — ;

United States—and his sur- the ceiling as though I had been a doll- viving men were the first ta baby. My weight was 195 pounds." sail round the world. Dark-eyed, swarthy of skin, bold and Great captains these, of manly of feature, six feet six, 260 vast daring, resolution and pounds, hands and feet uncommonly resource; peak men of all large, a strength beyond human; that time who stand against the was Peter Francisco. A soldier in the sky. They were brothers to Continental Army at fifteen and for more the fightingest man America than four years after, audacious, fearless, ever knew to wield broad- resourceful; that was Peter Francisco, sword, musket or bayonet too. Native of Portugal, lover of his new in her behalf. He was a country, terrible in combat, valiant Portuguese. against odds, loyal to comrades, obedient His start in America was to superiors, modest before preferment as an immigrant by force, a again, Peter Francisco. public charge, an alien waif. Names of great aliens are held in His fame reaches across the honor throughout America, some in en-

Then Meet Private Peter Francisco, Portuguese Born, Whose Mighty Deeds Helped Us Win Our Independence

PORTUGAL and the United States, continent; Virginia cherishes him as pa- one may think, have had little triot and soldier of heroic exploits, of interest in common through the surpassing prowess in singlehanded com- years. Except in routine com- bat, of deeds of appalling physical merce, their ways have seldom crossed. strength. Soil from his grave nourishes Yet from the discoveries of the early one of the Liberty Trees in California. Portuguese navigators to today's boon A mighty man was he. of an open door for the interchanges of When Virginia children read "The neutral nations in a Europe at war, Village Blacksmith," as they still do, to

Portugal has had profound influence on, them that worthy's brawr ny arms were even contributed valuable service to, like the arms of Peter Francisco, who America. also, they know, was a smith and had When the Ottoman Turks advanced large and sinewy hands. When they come into Europe in the fifteenth century and to the very strong man Kwasind in "The closed the internal trade routes to East- Song of Hiawatha," they compare him ern Asia, Portuguese sailors pushed with Peter Francisco. Paul Bunyan is through unknown waters seeking an just another Peter to them. Introduced ocean route instead, and found it. Be- to Samson who threw down the temple, fore Columbus sailed, Bartholomew Dias they may insist with stout Old Dominion rounded the southern tip of Africa. Hard pride that Peter also could have done it. upon him, Vasco da Gama pressed on Strong men of history and strong men to India itself, his feat suggesting that of fiction alike bring to their minds their the western islands and coasts of the own by no means legendary hero whose great Christopher were new lands be- strength was as the strength of ten and tween Europe and Asia and that they who could lay about him as if every- might be sailed through or around to where at once. Cleaving a man's skull India. down to his shoulders with a stroke of Another followed Gama with the dis- his broadsword, deadly as the brand Ex- covery of Brazil, to be a Portuguese calibur; lifting a cannon weighing eleven colony for three hundred years there- hundred pounds—such were as nothing after; and today coffee drinkers in Amer- to him. ica, willingly or unwittingly, pay a trib- A contemporary, "a highly respectable ute of praise to Pedro Alvares Cabral. gentleman," testified that this strong Magellan, a Portuguese sailing under the man of Virginia could bear him upright flag of Spain, discovered the Strait of in the palm of his hand. He "could take Magellan and the Philippine Islands me in his right hand and pass over the islands of some recent concern to the room with me, and play my head against

By THOMAS J. MALONE 12 The AMERICAN LEGION Magazine Illustrated by V. E. Pyles Of such, for Portugal, Peter Francisco. The boy could speak a little Spanish, The boy Lafayette, of noble lineage, or Portuguese, and a few words of Eng- during affection; of aliens especially who rich in his own right, forbidden by his lish, the latter doubtless picked up on gave themselves to this country's cause King to make the crossing, at twenty the ship. He knew his name. The parish in its beginning, served in its armies, fought at Brandywine as a major general. authorities took him in hand and saw risked person and fortune in its interest, In his command in that battle was the to his needs while looking about to find

even died for it. There was Lafayette for boy Peter Francisco, sixteen, beginning a home for him. In a week or so a France, friend to all Americans then and to make a name for himself as a terror home was found with the family of since; Kosciusko and Pulaski for Po- of a fighting man. Peter was of obscure Judge Anthony Winston of Buckingham land; Steuben for Prussia. Men of fam- origin, of unknown parents, and a private County, an uncle of Patrick Henry. The

ily they, of position in their own lands, soldier. judge took a liking to the boy and he who became officers and led American He had only vague recollections of lived and worked on the Winston estate troops, were close to the commanding his parents but supposed he had been until soon after the outbreak of the general himself. born in Portugal, about 1761, kidnapped Revolution. For every alien of mark there were when four or five years old and taken This is the story of Peter's coming hundreds of aliens of much lesser note or on board a ship that sailed for Amer- to America as supported by descendants no note at all who fought in the ranks. ica. When the ship arrived at City today, who say it is his own account of Point, now Hopewell, the little he knew of his origin. They dis- Virginia, some sailors claim another story, once current. Ac-

dumped the boy on cording to it, his captors left him in shore and rowed back. Ireland and, after an unstated time there, The ship left at once he indentured himself to a sea-captain and was never heard of for a passage to America, where on 0/&m 7 later. {Continued on page jg) With a bayonet through his leg, Francisco brought the great cleaver down on the luckless man

AUGUST, 1941 13 4 —

An A. E. F. Sergeant Becomes a Rookie to Size Up the 1941 Army

STOOD in the blazing heat of the WEblinding Florida sunshine. Before us, in the heat shimmer, was a low wooden building marked, "Induction and Re- cruiting Center." Major Harry A. Johnston, Camp Blanding's Public Relations Officer, grinned and said, "Okay, Private pro- tem Painton, there's the New Army's assembly line; selectees go in one door civilians, and come out the other soldiers—in twenty-four hours. If you want to HAY FOOT, STRAW FOOT

find out how it's done, that's where you start." As I looked, a group of husky young lads—as young as I was twenty-four years ago—swung off a bus and with FREDERICK suitcases in hand marched awkwardly the building. I into started toward them ; C. PAINTON to go through the mill with them, the only difference being that I would be a With that he left me to my soldier for five days, and they would be assignment of examining this new in for a year. Army and contrasting its ways But before I took a step the major with the Army you and I be- grasped my arm and swung me to face longed to twenty-four years west past Kingsley Lake. He pointed to ago. Let me say that for twenty a platoon of recently-inducted selectees of those years I have, from time clad in gray-green fatigue coveralls. They to time, written about soldiers were going back and forth in the intri- and outfits from companies to cate process of learning, "to the rear Divisions. So I walked into the harch." induction building, figuring I had "And, you bald headed old buzzard," a head start on this job. 1 found chuckled Harry, "if you can still take out I didn't know my arm from it you'd better go through the school

of the soldier. That's new, too, and it'll carve a few pounds off that fallen chest They really outfit you in this of yours." man's Army of 1941 Magazine 1 The AMERICAN LEGION 1

The uniformed doughboy on this page is in the blue denim (remember 1918 fatigue dress?) used in tac- tical exercises. On the opposite page your soldier is clad in the summer khaki. To their right and left are selectees on their way to camp

a wet brick. This Now, the doubtful, marginal men are Army, in prac- rejected. I saw the record of one man tically every way, rejected because of "inadequate per-

is as different sonality." Bad "occlusion," which means from yours and your upper and lower teeth don't meet mine of 1917- well enough to eat your chow, gets you 191 8 as we dif- rejected. And this Army doesn't want fered from Wash- you unless your below-normal vision can ington's Conti- be brought to normal by glasses. nentals. So draw up a chair The all-around health of this Army and be prepared for a sur- is better than ours of the last war. prise. Twenty years hence there won't be

Off-hand it looked fami- a hefty number of this Army's disabled liar enough at first. The in government hospitals suffering from youngsters, bewildered, mental diseases. lonely, uneasy in this new We moved now to the final cubicle world of arms and uni- in this building. Here a young captain forms. The old cry, "Get in line," and said quietly, "Men, I have here the oath then moving slowly down past that makes you members of the United cubicles where starched khaki-clad pri- States Army. I want you to remember

vates took all of your history you could it is an oath and repeat it with me with remember. One new question was added, your hearts and your minds." "Can you read and write?" and then a He read by phrases, "I do solemnly

little examination to prove it in doubt- swear that I will bear true faith and ful cases. Did we reject illiterates in allegiance to the United States of Amer- 7? It doesn't come within ex- 191 my ica ; that I will serve them honestly and perience. faithfully against all their enemies whom-

Certainly the Army rejects them now. soever; and that I will obey the orders It rejects the astonishingly high figure of the President of the United States of eighteen percent of those certified and the officers appointed over me ac- by the draft boards. And it was here cording to the rules and articles of war."

I saw my first difference between 1917 Was it my imagination or did these and now. lads, still in civvies, stand a little This Army is taking only the cream. straighter as we crossed the road to the By that I mean that in 1917-191S cafeteria for chow? They were soldiers the Army took doubtful men. A case now! And somehow I envied them their of flat feet got you limited service; if youth and their opportunity. you had to wear thick-lensed glasses The chow this Army eats would stun you could still push a pen. Varicocele you! We sat down to fried chicken, didn't prevent your driving a truck. black-eyed peas, mashed potatoes, lettuce and tomato salad, iced tea and—Lord Private Painton as he began his save the mark! —ice cream and cookies. short hitch in today's Army (Continued on page 42)

AUGUST, 1 9+ TIINDERBOX OFF AS/A

all of her bluster about "Asia for Asiatics," FORJapan knows that she can never hope to dominate the Orient without active, continuous cooperation of a first-class foreign military Power. And that

Power is Germany, which, as these lines are written, is attacking the Russian Soviets. What Japan calls "the incident in China" and which everybody else calls "unprovoked war" was what awoke Japan from her long dream of becoming sole dictator of Asia. And those of us who assume to first-hand knowledge, gained by having lived in the Far East, were not surprised when Japan joined the Rome-Berlin Axis. But that Japan and Germany combined can eventually

triumph as joint rulers of the Far East is not an accept- able theory to anyone familiar with the striking power, efficiency, strategy and courage of American defense forces. In answer to the Rome-Berlin-Tokyo pact, the menace to peace in the Orient, America merely extended her defense lines farther across the Pacific and on into the Indian Ocean, a far-flung outpost beyond the anticipation of American strategists of the nineties. Yet in the broad and changed aspects of the Far East Problem cognizance must be taken of factors which may keep us from any quick mop-up of Japan and Germany in our determination to maintain the traditional Open Door of commerce and industry in the Orient. As a side issue, let it be said that the loss of the Philippine Islands would mean that 200.000 workmen in various American industries would go on the unemployed rolls. That's how the import and export figures work out. "Can the United States beat Japan and Germany in the Far East?"

That is the question I asked many people in the recent three years which I spent in the Orient. And I asked the same question everywhere from Suez on around to Man- choukuo, for my travels took me to Ceylon, Singapore, the Netherlands East Indies, French Indo-China, the Philip- pines, South China, Central China, North China, Man- choukuo and Japan.

The answer I got was this: "Yes, if the United States is strongly entrenched in Manila and at Britain's Singapore naval base in the Indian Ocean." And that, thanks to our dependable strategists in

Washington, is now an accomplished fact. The recent conversations between Prime Minister Yosuke Matsuoka and Hitler were not merely a polite affirmation

From the bottom: Tokyo, can't-miss target for bombers, an anti-aircraft installation at Singapore, a section of Manila, and Jap soldiers on the march

Id The AMERICAN LEGION Magazine 1

of the Rome-Berlin-Tokyo pact. The mediately steamed between the German Far East knew long ago that a Hitler and the American naval units. blitzkrieg through the Balkans and to Subsequent history brought out that the Near East would be as much in be- Kaiser Wilhelm was negotiating with half of Japan as for oil in the Mosul WILLIAM Spain to buy the Philippines at the time the United States went to war. Germany already, at that period in 1898, had PARKER gained a foothold in Asia. A German

colony had been estab- lished at Tsingtao, on the south side of the rich Shantung peninsula. One of the strangest sights I

have seen in the entire Far East is. when the steamer approaches the Shantung coast, this once-German city looming up out of the mists and bearing all of the appearance of having been transplanted bodily from (Continued 011 page 52) fields to keep the German war-machine Within the white lines is going. Now that he has attacked Russia, Japan's "sphere of influ- how does the Far East situation size up? ence." The broken lines Japanese and German aspirations to indicate the wall the dominate the Far East should not be United States has set up dismissed as fantasy. We almost had a against her. At right, a war out there with Germany when we view of Vladivostok Far took on Spain in 1898. Brush up your East Soviet harbor memory on what happened just before Commodore Dewey opened fire on Span- ish Admiral Montojo's fleet in Manila "That." replied the Brit-

Bay on May 1, 1S98. In the tense hours ish commander, tersely, "is before that battle the commander of the something known only to German naval ships went aboard the Commodore Dewey and British flagship. "What will be your myself."

action if Dewey attacks the Spanish When Dewey did open fleet?" the German commander de- fire on the Spanish, the manded of the British commander. British naval vessels im-

AUGUST, 1 91 : .

When David Cowles, left, goes after a criminal, conviction is usually assured

variously as a tired businessman, a sales- man turned nudist, an erring preacher fleeing an outraged wife. Yet he sends men to the electric chair with a micro- scope—and loves his work. He is often called in by other midwestern cities when they hit a snag; and federal agen- cies, too, have the highest regard for him. Inspector Cowles solves baffling crimes

in real life, quite without the handy clues the detective story author always thrusts under his hero's nose. More than one trial has ended, after Cowles had pre- sented his evidence and re-enacted the crime, because the discouraged criminals suddenly pleaded guilty. Cowles says,

MEMO TO MURDERERS KEEP AWAY FROM

"We get a kick out of DAVID COWLES of Cleveland is one of the country's leading telling the crooks how crime smashers, an enthusiastic they did it." exponent of scientific detec- The man is imagina- tion through microscopy, ballistics, chem- tive, intelligent, devas- istry, metallurgy, physics, physiology, tatingly thorough. He and psychology. Yet he never uses com- goes promptly to the scenes of plicated methods when simple ones will do. all murders and major crime? The police had arrested a man who in Cleveland. Today he's busier had beaten his wife to death, but there than ever, preparing his city were no witnesses and they had no for wartime saboteurs and in- cendiaries, on whose perverse confession. Cowles questioned . the man, found out that he behavior he is an authority. was of low intelligence, then Bombs, indeed, are his hobby. told him Here are seven of Cowles' "If you killed your wife the cases, out of hundreds solved in the past fifteen years. blood is still on your hands. They show varying phases of up-to- You can't wash it off. If you date are innocent we will prove detective work—modern science put you so." to work for your protection in real life, Onto the man's upturned A bulge in the barrel not in the pages of the latest thriller. palm he poured a simple al- of this pistol prevented POLICE officer, investigating a shoot- kali solution. Then he added a charge of murder A an alkali indicator, which ing, was met at the door by a turned the solution the vivid strangely calm man named John X — red of human blood. The man men in the Cleveland He said nothing to the policeman, simply confessed. police scientific crime walked over and unlocked a bedroom door. Condemn it, if you please, detection laboratory, lay across a bed, fully as a trick; but it brought into with the rank of in- A young woman play Cowles' knowledge of spector; a short, round, clothed, shot through the heart. Her though in chemistry—which was to have cheerful man of 45, who right arm was out flung as greeting. wife, Mary, was dead. been a career—and his keen looks anything but the John's understanding of human na- Grade A detective. "Where's the pistol?" asked the officer. ture. Nemesis of criminals, John X — didn't answer, then said, David Cowles heads 24 he has enjoyed posing "I'm deaf." 18 The AMERICAN LEGION Magazine 1

"I said, where's the gun"" the gang blew the safes of wholesale "Didn't see any." jewelry firms in the building, securing a "Did you hear a shot?" fine haul of diamonds, emeralds, rubies, "No." B$ jo and gold. To the officer things looked mighty pe- When Cowles arrived the next morn- culiar. All the windows were shut. No ing he found a heavy nitroglycerin charge one had been seen to leave the house. left in one safe, which had not been Neighbors said the couple had quarreled CHAMBERLIN blown. Next, he and his associates bitterly. searched for any substances carried into

When David Cowles arrived he care- second bullet forced the first one out and the building, or out of it, which might

fully examined the bedroom. In it were they traveled on their deadly errand as throw light on the crime. From the a bed, a dresser, a small trunk against one. The obstruction in the barrel also blown safes, samples were taken of shat- the wall. He found the missing pistol forced back the explosive gases that are tered fire-insulation material and teak- behind the trunk, ten feet from the body, released with every shot, marking the wood interiors. Also a good footprint

with two shots fired from it. 6hell queerly and kicking the gun out of was located on an adjoining rooftop

How had it gotten there? her hand to its place behind the trunk. where a window had been forced. A At the morgue, later. Cowles was Mary's dead arm, outflung as if in greet- plaster cast was made of it —a fine shoe- amazed to find that the woman had but ing, indicated this. print with a well-known trademark in a single bullet wound, yet two ballets Other facts bore out this solution. the heel. were recovered. Things looked even Mary had been exhausted from overwork Cowles cites the case as showing that

darker for the husband. People don't and despondent ; her husband was out of the science of crime detection often is shoot themselves twice through the a job. To her tortured mind there was helpless without good detective work. heart, and hide the pistol afterward. only one escape. What good is a shoeprint without the Cowles examined the bullets under his The husband was cleared. It was sui- burglar who made it? microscope. Vastly different in shape, he cide, not murder. Some weeks later a stool pigeon tipped nevertheless believed that both had been off the police that a pair of men had been fired from the pistol found. He could ONE Saturday night an office-building spending money freely in a West Side not prove it from their rifling marks. watchman felt a gun at his back. cafe. The police followed one, George

One bullet had a blunted nose, as if it Unseen assailants bound his hands, blind- Cianco, to his hotel and arrested him on had struck a retarding object. Then he folded him, taped his mouth shut. Then suspicion. Cowles put his clothes under the microscope and found minute splin- ters of teakwood in his trouser cuffs. He also found dust that spectroscopic analy- sis proved to be of precisely the same chemical make-up as the blown safes' in- sulation material! aLEVELAND Through Cianco the police put the fin- ger on his night-club pal, Phil Sheridan, safe-cracker. A shoe taken from him matched the footprint mould perfectly.

Even if there were no eye-witnesses to

It's futile to file se- put him in jail, a mute witness could. rial numbers from guns. Chemical 14-YEAR-OLD girl reported that a treatment, left, dis- A man had seized her one night near closes the numbers (Continued 011 page 48)

examined the empty shells. Here again was a striking difference. The one fired last had swelled out abnormally, indicating exceptionally heavy concussion. Trained in ballistics, Cowles put the two clues together and had an idea. He ran his finger along the gun barrel; there was an almost imperceptible swelling halfway to the muzzle. He then placed the nose of the blunted bullet against the heel of the other; they fitted perfectly. The case was clear. Teeth marks on the stem of the pipe shown here led to The first bullet, fired long before, had lodged in the life imprisonment. The bullets, above, with the revolver pistol barrel—probably from an imperfect powder charge shown on the other page, proved a case of suicide instead and rust in the barrel. When Mary pulled the trigger, the of murder

AUGUST, 194 19 — they're /ill

^HE most paradoxical statement in the world can be made today with regard to aviation.'' de- Tclares a news account, of prep- arations for the lUght tests of the Army Air Corps super-bomber B-19. "It could be said with assur- ance that the age of aviation is about ready to begin." This 82-ton aerial destroyer, requiring a crew of ten to fly it, may carry eighteen tons of bombs above its many defensive

cannon, machine guns and ammunition. With a speed of 200 miles an hour it has a range of more than 10,000 miles, sufficient to fly from Los Angeles to London and back to America non- stop, and with its super-charged, heated "They're all obsolete!" has been the cry of flyers of all the cabin its crew may travel in comfort six belligerent nations, meaning that every warplane in the air is miles above earth. Continued the re- porter: inferior in cruising radius and fire power to its successor in the "This plane—so big that no one can drafting room. But like a short right field in baseball, that think of an appropriate name for it circumstance makes it just as tough for one side as the other is just an experimental flying guinea pig that gives aircraft designers ideas that some day soon they may know of a very young reporter with his type- bile, motion pictures, silent and then something about flying and some day writer flanked by a bottle of bargain with sound, radio, electric servants in soon they may start building themselves rye and Buck Rogers comic strips as he our homes—the air miracle still remains an airplane ... It isn't too much, even, wrote that report. Air historians know a challenge to the imagination. Those to say that the super-bomber is obsolete that he was writing the simple truth. of us granted the three score years and before it has left the ground. Lessons Of all the modern mechanical mira- ten of Biblical allotment have twenty have been learned just in its building. cles to which we Legionnaires have been years remaining to observe the airplane Already the designers are talking about witness from their birth—the automo- approach maturity. 100-ton bombers . . . and they're figuring how they can give it speed the one attribute the super-bomber does not have." Some readers no doubt have a picture

Testing aviators in pressure chamber for high altitude flying. At right, the outside of the cham- ber. At left, our B-19, already inferior to Air Corps substitute now in the works

The AMERICAN LEGION Magazine m SAMUEL TAYLOR MOORE

by missiles obviously destroys its compression features, forcing the use of oxygen masks, which, how- ever, do not take care of the danger of sudden expansion of the body. Interceptor planes of air defense forces must climb quickly to the altitude of oncoming bombers, yet their light weight precludes arti- ficial pressure instal- lations, a problem not yet solved. With bodies expand- flight of the humming bird. Demonstra- ing as the density of the air decreases tions of the Sikorsky helicopter, capable in climb, or contracting as the density of of vertical, stationary, backward, side- the air increases in descent, such rapid The reporter omitted to mention the ways, and straightaway horizontal flight changes subject the crew to the same greatest handicap to operation of this at 150 miles an hour, presages new hazards as those experienced by sand-

super-colossal aircraft. It is that airports trends in human flight, commercial no hogs, caisson disease, or "the bends," generally have not yet been engineered less than military. which often proves fatal. to bear 82 tons' weight on runways. As airplanes tend to fly at ever greater Already guinea pig pilots are under- As to its modest speed, when work heights above the earth, attending are going treatments to minimize this hazard. started on the B-19 six years ago, 200 new biological problems. Without arti- At Wright Field in Ohio youngsters miles an hour was not regarded as ficial aids the human body cannot exist await on alerte from the warning net "slow." Our best pursuit planes of a in the rarefied air above 20,000 feet in decompression chambers, breathing decade ago did not travel that fast. And even before the B-19 got into the air for its first flight a rival builder announced a 37-ton transport plane with a cruising speed of 2S0 miles an hour. Military adaptation having precedence

Ready to go aloft for flights in the sub-stratosphere

pure oxygen to rid their systems of toxics, preparing their bodies for the sudden expansion they will undergo when the signal is given to race to their at the moment, it is announced that the altitude. In civil flying this problem is machines for almost vertical ascent Lockheed Constellation which will carry not critical due to supercharged cabins into the sub-stratosphere. Such decom- 100 soldiers completely equipped for the and the fact that commercial aircraft pression chambers will be standard equip- field, will do better than that. The B-19 rarely fly above 25,000 feet. Time ment for interceptor pilots, and perhaps was designed to carry 1 2 5 troops beyond allowed to climb to and descend from fighter and bomber crews, too. its crew. such rarefied heights permits changes Flight surgeon researchers who have The year 1941 witnessed another in the body to be made gradually. The studied this problem for several years elusive aeronautical goal reached, man's military is another problem, however. have pronounced that 40,000 feet is long quest to duplicate the hovering Penetration of the super-charged cabin the limit of {Continued on page 50)

AUGUST. roil PAST COMMANDER Stanley Bogart was having dinner at the Grand Street Boys' Post clubhouse. New York City, says Adjutant Elmer Hirschhorn, when a visiting Legionnaire joined him at his table. After exchange of amenities, "I won't go if it's too the stranger said: "There's something cold! I nearly froze mighty familiar about you, but 1 just the last time I walked can't place you." The two men pondered back" over the places they might have met, all without striking a spark of memory. Then Bogart, having finished his dinner, arose and passed his hand over the front of his coat to remove any stray crumbs. "Now I know you!" shouted the vis- itor as a great light of recognition broke over his face. "You're the chap that spilled soup over his vest at Albany!"

PRIVATE Fay B. Horse was return- ing to his post from an evening in the nearby town. He was challenged by the sentry: "Halt! Who's there?" "Private Horse," replied the soldier. "Advance, Private Horse, to be mech- anized,'' punned the guard. CLAYTON JONES. Wayne County (New York) Adjutant, tells a story about a youngster who was being taken, he said, "every time I hear some one somewhat unwillingly, for a stroll by a swear a cold chill runs down my back." doting uncle and aunt. "Hello. Bobby!" Johnny had been an interested lis- called an acquaintance, "is that your tener; he could contain himself no here Dad father and mother?" longer. "If you'd been when he "Naw." was the sour retort, "that's slammed the door on his fingers," my convoy." ventured, "I guess you'd have frozen to death." JINKS: "I've just bought the little woman a machine of her own." AFAVORITE yarn told by Hermann Blinks: "Packard, Buick or Ford?" Wenige, Service Officer of Law- Jinks: "Neither. Maytag!" rence Capehart Post, Jeffersonville, Indiana, is about a chap of his acquaint- VERACIOUS reporter writes that A ance who could neither read nor write. an Oklahoma highway patrolman A distant relative died, leaving him a stopped a speeder a few miles north of small fortune—then he started out to Duncan. As the copper walked up to make a splash. He opened a bank ac- the car, he facetiously remarked to the "Well, I've heard of such things," count and arranged with the cashier to driver: "I guess you've got your pilot's said the patrolman, "but it never hap- honor his checks, which were signed license." pened to me before. Go ahead! Fly on!" with two crosses. All went hunky-dory "Yes," was the response, and to prove until a check turned up signed with the statement he produced the necessary parson, visiting the home of a THE three crosses. papers and identity card as flier for an parishioner, talked on and on about "What's this?" demanded the cashier. oil well service company. the evil and futility of swearing. "Why," "You've put three crosses here." "I know it," explained the depositor, "but my wife's got social ambitions. She says I must have a middle name."

THIS burst comes from Legionnaire Hosla M. Cooke, Fountain Inn, South Carolina. The bomb made a direct hit on the house, leaving it in ruins. One living man was trapped in what had been the basement. A bobby plunged into the ruins to make the rescue. Half an hour later he crawled out with his man. He was scorched and half -choked and was covered with mud, grease, plaster and bits of brick. "My eye!" observed a fellow bobby, "you are a mess!" "Yes," said the rescuer, making a quick survey of his uniform. "That's the worst of navy blue—it shows every little stain!"

"\\ 7" ANT any help, chum?" shouted VV a passerby to a driver who was trying to get a pair of mules through a gate. "No, I guess not," was the sad reply. "Imagine me thinking I "But I'd like to know how Noah got two was just a monkey!" of these blinkin' blighters into the Ark!" 22 The AMERICAN LEGION Magazine 1 HOW AMERICA STANDS EDITORIAL

THESE lines are written on the last day of June, a "shooting war" our Navy will go in there shooting. Our scant eight days after the Nazi hordes swung into Government has given solemn warning to Germany that action against the Russian Reds, with whom in we shall not tolerate another Robin Moor incident, and

August, 1939 they signed a "treaty of friendship" Herr Hitler knows that we mean business. There is no ques-

that led to the invasion of Poland, the start of the Second tion in the Fuehrer's mind that our Navy is ready at any World War. As this new phase of the 1941 Napoleon's cam- time to take effective action, and the sudden turn to the

paign for world domination got under way it became neces- east of the German military might is an acknowledgment

sary for the rest of the world to re-orient itself and determine of the fact that if the war goes into 1942 the steadily increas-

how best it might profit from the neck-or-nothing thrust of ing stream of supplies from the American Arsenal of Demo- the Brown Shirts. As you read these lines several weeks cracy will guarantee a Nazi defeat. after they were written the decision may have been won by Hitler remembers us in the First World War. When the Hitler, for he knew the dangers of a long-drawn-out expe- United States declared war against Germany twenty-four

dition into Russia. Yet the First World War furnished plenty years ago it was not prepared for military action. Not until

of proof that even the German Great General Staff can go seventeen months later was it able to put into the field an

wrong. Army of its own. That group of American Divisions In the temporary easing of the pressure against the whipped the Kaiser's best troops in the St. Mihiel Drive and British Isles and North Africa and the slowing down of the some two weeks later our Meuse-Argonne Offensive sealed attack on the Atlantic shipping lanes there came an oppor- the fate of the Central Powers. tunity for the British to repay with interest the bombing How does that timetable compare with today's? At the the Nazis inflicted on them in the months beginning with end of July the Office of Production Management, responsi- September, 1940. The dispatch of munitions and foodstuffs ble for the effectiveness of our industrial speed-up, will have from the Western World to beleaguered Britain was of been functioning for fourteen months. The Regulars and course speeded up, and the American Navy, one may feel the National Guard, with more than a year's stiff training certain, did yeoman service in foiling the efforts of the under their belts, are the nucleus of our Army of a million

U-Boats and planes sent out against the bridge of supply and a half which is getting, in steadily increasing amount,

ships. the weapons it would need if we found it necessary to fight.

The United States has unequivocally declared its deter- Our airplane output is being stepped up daily, and in every

mination that Hitler shall not win this war. We are not phase of the national effort, it is not too much to say, we active belligerents, and there is a good chance that we shall stand as you read these lines where we stood in August, remain in what might be called a twilight zone of active 1918, except that we have not been called upon to sacrifice interest and help for the democracies without being drawn our manpower. The "blood, sweat and tears" which Winston into the actual fighting. With the concurrence of Congress Churchill told the British people were ahead of them are

and an overwhelming majority of the American people the still being expended, but the gallant British, Free French principle of all-out aid to those fighting against dictatorships and Chinese have taken courage in the recent Kirn of events, has been enunciated by the President, who has established for the tangling of the great enemies of mankind, the Nazis by proclamation, under the provisions of international law, and the Soviets, was the greatest break for civilization since the areas in which our ships may operate. the start of hostilities in 1939. The American Legion, believing whole-heartedly in the We Americans have utter (and equal) hatred for both the principle established by the Constitution that the conduct Nazis and the Soviets. We shall not abate our determina- of foreign affairs belongs to the President, by and with the tion to draw the fangs from those within our borders who consent of the Congress, supports the policy that has been aid and abet the cause of nazism, communism and fascism. established. We insist that merchant vessels under the Amer- As the late Theodore Roosevelt counseled a quarter century ican flag sailing in waters declared by the United States ago, we "fear God and take our own part." What American

Government to be open to its shipping, be accorded every can doubt that whatever happens in the coming months we

protection, and that if the giving of that protection involves shall be worthy of our great heritage?

Sor Qod and @o unlry, we associate ourselves together for tlie following purposes • To uphold and defend the Constitution of the United States of America; to maintain law and order; to foster and perpetuate a one hundred percent Americanism; to preserve the memories and incidents of our association in the Great War, to inculcate a sense of individual obligation to the community, stale and nation; to combat the autocracy of both the classes and the masses; to make right the master of might, to promote peace and good will on earth: to safeguard and transmit to posterity

the principles of justice, freedom and democracy ; to consecrate and sanctify our comradeship by our devoiion to mutual helpfulness. — Preamble to the Constitution of The American Legion

AUGUST, 194 23 THEY'RE STILL ROLLING

"STABLES'' WAS AN EXPERIENCE FOR "THE. 19/7 RECRUIT FAT/SUE DRESS IS NOT MUCH CHANGED

TWENTY-POOR YEARS AGO LEAD. SWING AND WHEEL HARNESS LOOKED ™ E VETCRIMARiK vVO^< * /- . . . _ _ . . . . . _ . _ s-\ *j r\. r—> i to cr -t~,—. C3 c Ami*/

AND THE. NOVICE WONDERED IF HORSES WERE CARNIVOROUS TODAY'S ARTILLERYMAN RIDES NO TRAILS PACE

24 The AMERICAN LEGION Magazine 1

Impressions gathered at FORT BRAGG, N. C, by

HERBERT MORTON STOOPS, once of the 6th F.A.

AUGUST, 194 25 A PLEA FOR GREATER USE OF COMPETI- TIVE SPORTS IN THE ARMY AND NAVY PLAY, SOLDIER,

after nearly a year of being done by the Army for the boys NOW,preparation and having passed during the leisure hours in camp? What through a certain amount of can be done to keep them interested in chaos, we have approximately camp so that they will not jump at every some of the highly trained athletic in- one and a half million boys in close to opportunity to get a pass for town? structors we have available and who one hundred and fifty army camps. These Whatever is done should not make the would welcome the chance to do their camps accommodate as many as 30,000 soldier a spectator but put him into the bit—men who have made athletic train- soldiers. In most cases they are in re- show, make him a part of it. ing their life work? mote spots and usually the camp is much In normal times, when soldiers are on I have been listening for well over a larger than its nearest town. post, athletic and morale officers are de- year to a lot of "soft pedalers" about The Army lost no time in getting un- tailed to see that certain athletic activi- our utter unpreparedness. After soften- der way to provide amusement for the ties are in motion for those wishing to ing up an audience along these lines, they new soldier's leisure hours. Motion pic- enter them. You still have to go through give you the old chestnut about the tures, guest appearances by stars of the the regular setting-up drills in the Army American youth being "soft" and not the stage, screen and radio help out within today, but when you take on other sport- physical match of the youth of other the borders of the camps and stations, ing activities it's entirely your own lands. and the United Service Organizations and choice. Never have I heard one of them say local Legion Posts furnish diversions for Detailing trained officers to this work what we are going to do about it. Auto- the boys when they get beyond the camp now would be a waste of personnel, since mobiles, motion pictures, too much limits. they are needed badly for the military money and lack of interest in physical The question in my mind is, what is work at hand. Why not call into service exercise are a few of the reasons given

The new Army, like the old Army, likes to watch soldier boxers trade punches. Here are a couple of huskies who wouldn't know how to stall 1 )

Pretty soon they'll be repeating this scene of battle between service elevens. The more the merrier, and that goes for all competitive sports

for causing this softness in American group Robertson assembled carried on youth. five days a week, the way an athlete in

Right after hearing all this blather, training is required to do, it would not you can pick up a sports page and find have been long before those original fig- an American high jumper leaping close TED ures would have shown a vast improve- to seven feet and a pole vaulter reaching ment. Those boys were not compelled to a height of 15 feet sH inches. When I MEREDITH do more than an intra-mural program was running back in 1016. a half mile in calls for. so they did not improve. 1.53 was great. It wouldn't get you pea- The Army wants physical strength as nuts in a big meet today, yet the Amer- He took 300 boys, about 20 years old, well as mental quickness. The brightest ican youth is getting soft. Who says so? from the intra-mural group, students boy with an unfit body is no good to the I will admit that a cross section of having only a general interest in sports, service. We know athletics furnish both our college youth would show rather and put them through a series of tests. these. Why not use athletics as a good poorly in trying to buck world records. He worked on the theory that every part of making our boys fit. The Army This gap could and should be closed healthy boy has done some running, can say, "Each soldier must report for somewhat. jumping and throwing, just for the sheer athletic work five days a week." Give

There is no better way of hardening a desire to do it. The tests were in the the soldier a wide range of sports, so he boy and making him like it than getting 100 and 440 yard runs, broad and high can practice those he likes. Have it well his interest and participation in some jumps and the shot put. supervised by experts and try to raise competitive sport. The training he is He kept a record of each boy's per- him above such a low level as Robertson going to get in the Army won't leave formance in each test. In the runs he found in the college group. many soft spots. A boy having one placed them in small groups to furnish No better plan for each Army camp year of military training is sure to some competition. At the end of the could be found than the one used at harden up plenty. However, much of this series, an average was struck in each any of our big universities. Place a di- training will be as dull and uninteresting test. The marks were amazing and dis- rector of athletics at the top, give him as the setting-up exercises and there will couraging. An active 12-year-old boy his specialist instructors or coaches. be little of the pleasure which comes in could do as well and the records for our Work out a plan of intra-camp and the tests of competitive sports. best girl athletes would put those of the inter-camp competition. The boys would There is no country in the world which average student to shame. go for it. can come anywhere near matching play- One interesting part of it was, Robert- There will be plenty of athletics in the ground and sports equipment we have. son's curiosity did not go for nothing. camps without any system. Just as in Our schools and colleges have recognized He got one fine athlete from the group 191 7, it will crop out because there are the part athletics play in the rounded who otherwise would have been missed. many athletic-minded boys and some education which they want the student George Hill, who had never gone in great athletes in the service. Those who to carry out into the world. Despite this for athletics in high school, showed a fine want to play will have their chance but wealth of facilities, a good percentage of talent for sprinting, a talent he had never my point is that those soldiers who are our students turn it aside and only suspected. Later training made him a most in need of such training will side- through compulsory periods get any ex- double intercollegiate champion at 100 step the issue entirely. ercise at all. and 220 yards, and he became a member We had many by-products of athletic I shall never forget an experiment of the Olympic team which went to training in 1917-1919. Gene Tunney and worked out by Lawson Robertson, track Paris in 1924. Charley Paddock are two that can be coach at the University of Pennsylvania From this experiment it is probably mentioned. Tunney in the Marines and Olympic Coach. It took place in safe to say that a great percentage of fought his way to the light heavyweight 1922 and Robby was just curious to the boys being trained right now in the title of the A. E. F. and later became compare the physical accomplishments Army would do comparatively poorly in world's champion heavyweight. Paddock of the non-athlete with those of the track and field competition. went from the winning of the A. E. F. athlete. But, I earnestly believe that had that (Continued on page 4J

AUGUST, 194 27 —

The great Allis-Chalmers plant at Milwaukee, a most vital sector of the Arsenal of Democracy that is America

fob Victory TOOLS ing and gashing the virgin land for mineral. Sometimes they called it galena pouring forth the means to make Amer- (they gave the name Galena to a nearby

ica strong. village in Illinois.) But it was all the same, the rhythms of marching In Milwaukee's "valley" along the lead ore, blue-gray, heavy, and worth more NOTfeet but the endless rhythms banks of the Menominee and Kinnic- dollars in a few months than could be of marching industry will greet kinnic Rivers, in surburban industrial scratched from a pioneer farm in years. Legionnaires when they gather communities, in mills and factories and In 1829 the miners took out twelve in Milwaukee for the National Conven- shops and shipyards up and down the million pounds of lead ore. Curiously, tion September 15th to 18th. Milwau- State, smoke plumes from every stack it was these early miners, many of kee sees few men in uniform, beyond by day, bright lights glitter all through them Englishmen from Cornwall, who recruiting officers and new army men the night. Once again Wisconsin is forg- gave Wisconsin its nickname as the home on a few days' leave, for the city ing a sword for the hand of freedom. Badger State. First comers, while they has no military post or naval station. In the days when Wisconsin was were building their cottages, lived in Its army is a workman's army, a legion young—when it was, in fact, a vast shallow caves in the hills, like badgers. of defense that is busy day and night untracked wilderness without a name Someone called them badgers, and the turning out the tools, the machines, and the French explorer Nicolas Perrot and name has stuck to Wisconsin citizens an unending flow of materials for the other early French travelers found lead ever since. nation's expanding armed forces. ore in what is now southwestern Wiscon- If we discount the fur business, it In many ways, Milwaukee, and Wis- sin. Perrot was one of the first to make a might be said that Wisconsin's first in- consin as well, is typical of the genius digging. Watching him, the Indians got dustry was lead-mining and bullet-mak- of America. In previous issues of this the idea, and soon they too were picking ing. And like all industries, it did things magazine you have had the 1941 Con- away at the earth for "mineral." to the region. It built roads—stout vention State presented to you as a In those days when bullets cost real roads that could stand the heavy wagons mammoth dairy farm and as a widely money and were none too easy to get, hauling lead ore to Galena and to Mil- popular vacationland. You have had Wis- lead had almost as much magic in its waukee. It built villages that grew into consin pictured to you as a land of fine name as gold was to have in the middle towns—some with revealing names like farms and rich scenic beauty. Yet this 1800's. Quickly the news of the lead New Diggings and Mineral Point. It land that produces fabulous quantities deposits found its way back East, and built one town that no longer exists, of milk and butter and cheese, this land soon after 1800 the miner-settlers began Helena, on the bank of the Wisconsin that welcomes the nation to relax and to arrive. Quickly the rolling hills were River, yet by the strange twist of fate play in its regions of woods and waters, pocked with diggings. From the Apple this has become a popular state park is at the same time one of the country's River valley on the present Illinois (Tower Hill, near Spring Green), where great arsenals of democracy. The clock state line northward to the headwaters Wisconsin's oldest defense industry is around, day after day, Wisconsin is of the Pecatonica, men were busy trench- best remembered.

23d NATIONAL CONVENTION, THE AMERICAN LEGION, MILWAUKEE SEPT. 15th - 18th 28 The AMERICAN LEGION Magazine 1 : —

A Great Lakes steamer slides down things that men use in battleships, in the ways at Milwaukee. Below, the field, in the camp, and in the air. some of the machine tools that in- One day's orders from the Army and sure a steady flow of munitions for Navy to Wisconsin industrial firms will defense HAROLD S. illustrate Herringbone twill jackets Gauges FALK Leather Steel dressers keep the nation strong, free, and inde- Anti-aircraft gun mounts pendent. Tea kettles and serving trays Industry in Milwaukee and Wisconsin Close to 300,000 industrial workers is primarily an industry of putting an all-time high in Wisconsin indus- things together, an industry of fabrica- trial employment—are in large measure tion. It is here that the steel, the wool, responsible for figures such as these the leather and other appearing regularly in the State's press: basic materials are Naval manufactures shipped from Wis- transformed into consin in May, 6,474,447 lbs., worth $2,130,600. In Milwaukee and the heavily indus- trialized southeastern corner of Wis- consin the factories are busy turning out the sinews of the Army's mechanized forces, the gun-mounts, the guns them- selves, the trucks, the motors, and the thousands of "parts'" that go into machines, ships and planes. Other facto-

ries wr ork steadily on leather goods and clothing, pots and pans, and many other manufactures needed to keep a growing Army and Navy housed, clothed, fed, and equipped.

But defense-busy Wisconsin is not ex- clusively in the Milwaukee area. And

often it is far-removed from the scene of smoking chimneys and all-night lights. Take the wool farmers, for instance, with their contribution of three million pounds of wool, important enough to help meet the tremendous new demand for wool clothing for the armed forces. This fall Wisconsin's hemp farmers will harvest their ten-foot stands of this tough Asiatic herb to help provide cordage for our growing fleet. And soon new-canned food by the ton—peas, corn, beans, cranberries, and other Helena was built crops—will be flowing from Wis- around a lead smelter (Continued on page 48) and a shot tower. The smelter is gone, but the tower remains, a verti- cal shaft drilled by hand through 200 feet of solid rock. Into this shaft molten lead was poured. As the lead dropped it formed into per- fect spheres, and when it struck cold well water at the bottom of the shaft it became lead bullets. American inventiveness, the same breed that pro- duced the airplane, the machine gun, the armored vessel, was at work even then. Today, almost a c?ntury later, Wisconsin is again de- voting its inventiveness, its energy, and the great indus- trial plant it has built in the intervening years to pro- duce materials necessary to

AUGUST, 1 94 Davenport (Iowa) Post's "Snug Harbor" down by the old Mississip' has everything it takes to make a real snug harbor. Best fishing for miles around right at the back door

ft

Davenport has grown into a busy in- dustrial center and, though not depend-

ent upon, it still clings to, its river and its oldtime river traditions. Not the least of

its present day pride is Davenport Post, The American Legion, and the unusual Post home which these inland sailors and soldiers call "Snug Harbor." down on the levee. In the course of his travels into every Department and almost every section of every Department, the Step- keeper has been privileged to visit Posts and club houses of every kind and char- acter. The combination of the unusual location of the home and the brand of good old-fashioned midwestern hospital- mighty Father of Waters has upper Mississippi country, with a river ity dispensed there so intrigued the edi- THEplayed, and still plays, a very im- history running back to the French voy- torial we that Hollis Bush, Past Com- in 1 ortant part the history and ageurs of the late seventeenth century mander, Legion wheelhorse, and editor life of Davenport, Iowa. It is an and their immediate successors, the flat- of the Post's Soldier and Citizen, was old town, as antiquity is measured in the boatmen, who were men of might. asked to tell the readers of this section

30 The AMERICAN LEGION Magazine 1 —

all about it. The resultant yarn is a sort to putting it to a useful and gainful pur- so that today the investment in improve- of long distance interview carried on by pose. Pete's idea was to create a Legion ments, remodeling and equipment close- means of Uncle Sam*s mail. and community center on the levee with ly approximates five hundred dollars for

Just prior to the World War the Dav- the wharf building as its center. each member. The membership, let it be enport city fathers, envisioning a con- The idea struck fire and, with the as- said, has passed the seven hundred and tinuance of heavy river traffic, erected a sistance of the first Post Commander, fifty mark, and that counts up to a tidy municipal wharf building on the levee. It Harry F. Evans, and the cooperation of sum.

was an ambitious plan, but somehow it the RFC and the Davenport Levee Com- There is an auditorium, which ac- did not pan out and in 1933 the building mission the Post took over the building commodates over six hundred people, was standing idle. One wintry night in on a long-term lease. Reconstruction and equipped with a public-address system, that year Pete Petersen. Spanish War remodeling was rushed through and. on with complete movie installation plus veteran, World War balloonist and then the evening of April 6. 1934. with the aid sound apparatus. The tap room, trimmed

Commander of the Second Iowa Legion of National Commander Ed Hayes, the throughout with knotty pine, is deco- District, had an idea. He was enjoying Stepkeeper. and some twelve hundred rated with mirrors and seven indirectly- a post-Legion-meeting hamburger and other Legionnaires and friends, "Snug lighted oil paintings of famous ships cup 0' cawfee with Post Commander Harbor" opened its doors with a gala the Constitution and Flyiv^ Cloud among celebration. Curtis Bush and Scott County Com- Easily accessible yet quietlv them. The nautical motif is carried out mander Hollis Bush when it came over remote from the rush and noise of traffic, in the pilot-wheel lighting fixtures sus- o'clock in him and, though it was one the "Snug Harbor" is less than two blocks pended on spliced ropes. There is also morning, he dragged his two companions removed from the heart of the city office space with complete records of

and, sitting in the each member on file, two secretaries on center of the city- duty, and ample storage and stockroom owned paved levee, facilities. A "guard room" up over the

there is room to park office, which is entered by a disappearing one thousand cars stairway, houses the uniforms and guns right alongside the of the Post's Guard of Honor, a unit of

building. The south fifty Legionnaires which appears at all wall stoutly fends off formal functions, funerals, parades, in- the deep waters of stallations— in fact at every public af- the Mississippi itself. fair in which the Post participates. The building has A kitchen, the pride and joy of the been converted into membership, with a staff of five persons a true Snug Harbor serves nearly one hundred Legionnaires and haven of rest. each week day at minimum prices, and a Much honest toil and neatly-arranged lounge and reading room

many dollars have is always available during club hours

gone into it to make from nine in the morning until midnight. the place a city pride The building is heated by overhead — and there's an- forced-draft hot air fed from a steam other story. Several boiler housed apart from the meeting thousand dollars, room. Editor Bush says, The rock garden! It's a honey; the was contributed to coolest spot in the city of Davenport, says the post building Reporter Bush. A vacant lot adjoining fund by members the building to the east was worked over from their adjusted to make a delightful beauty spot, which service certificates, enjoys capacity crowds during the sum-

Sunshine and palm trees and tinkly temple bells—home of St. Johns Post at St. Augustine, Florida. At right, a flashback to colonial days—Daniel Goho Post, Dansville, New York

down to the levee and through main strength and awkwardness busted into the vacant build- ing. A vigilant policeman found them and, led by Pete, they had to talk fast to convince the officer that they were honest, honorable and upright citizens and taxpayers and were inspect- ing a piece of public property, though in an informal, not to say illegal, manner, with a view

AUGUST, 194 ! )

"How about a daughters' night?" Spokane (Washington) Post answered the question in a big way and when dad and daughters got together in the Post home it was a red letter event

mer months. There one can sit under the but not in any way in a class with Jonah crossing of the Mississippi and. mindful stars and, while sipping a glass of lemon- and Jack Cann of Detroit. It must be of the thousands of Legionnaires who ade, watch the playful moonbeams chase understood, then, that any fish stories will be driving to Milwaukee to attend each other over the ripples of the broad that appear in these columns are not of the Convention next September, the Post

Mississippi; hear the rush of water as it his own making. Hollis Bush is solely re- is preparing to play host to those who comes down the spillway of the largest sponsible for this one: (eye-brow lifters, pass through their city. There will be the roller dam in America; gaze across the do your stuff!) "Did you ever fish from welcome one always finds out in the wide stream to the Illinois shore—just a little an easy chair? You can at Snug Harbor. open spaces. The latchstring, says Re- more than a mile away; scan the greatest Believe it or not, during the spring high porter Bush, will hang outside, and within of the Government arsenals—Rock Is- water several Legionnaire disciples of the building there will be a fraternal land—over a thousand acres on an island Isaak Walton drew their easy chairs to welcome, a bit of corn on the cob and in mid-stream; watch the huge excursion the south fence of the rock garden and other comforts that will cause the visitor steamers, or the line of trains crossing cast their lines into the Ole Mississip. to render thanks for a hearty appetite the bridge; the main-liners swooping into The record catch was listed as a twelve- and be glad that he's an American. the airport, or the great tows passing pound wall-eyed pike, and plenty of through the locks. All this at your ease perch, bass and channel catfish were Dads and Daughters in the cool of the evening amid a cluster hauled in." That is the Legion fish story of flowers and vines, roofed only by the for the spring season, 1941. Wally makes RINGING the changes on the usual set stars, at Snug Harbor. it a matter of history. >- program of a "Father and Son" The Stepkeeper is a fisherman of sorts, Davenport is at the crossroads and the night, which is by no means confined to Legion groups, Spokane (Washington Post put on a Dad and Daughter night with such splendid success that it wants to spread the program. It was a red letter event, says Post Publicity Officer E. W.

Jorgenson, and is worth a trial by every other Post. "When the Daughters' night was pro-

posed it didn't seem to be such a hot idea. It was one of those things that hap- pen once in a while, proposed by Legion- naire George Pymm at an after-meeting post-mortem when he heard Commander Jack Abrams bemoaning the fact that no program had been arranged for the com- ing social session. The plan was accepted at once. A little announcement was in- serted in the Inland Veteran, the Post's weekly publication, and we let it go at that. Some of the boys might bring their daughters. Then again—would they? Ho, hum "But we didn't realize what was stir- ring in the homes of our membership when the wives and kids read the Inland Veteran. And we remained in blissful ig-

The AMERICAN LEGION Magazine 1 —

of norance moving events until the hour Thompson. H. Kidder. B. Miller and F. take part in all civic affairs; plan and of meeting, and then only awakened to Klein. Standing, in same order, Ben support much of the entertainment of the fact that we had company when we Naffziger, Chet Peters, F. Clark, F. Neill, the colony; sponsor a Boy Scout Troop saw Sergeant-at-Arms Jim Mathews do- S. S. Trent, E. Varvel, A. Rhiner, H. and Cub Pack, and our recently-organ- ing a double-quick to bring in chairs and Waldo, C. Apple, and G. Bucher. ized drum and bugle corps will soon be more chairs. Those dads and daughters ready for public appearance. kept coming and coming. You should Caribbean Island Post "Our Post participates in all local have seen them when the roll was called celebrations, and on Queen Wilhelmina's and Pop introduced the young lady at ONE of the active out-posts of the birthday — August 31st-— always turns his side —sometimes three or four of Legion is on Aruba, a small island out in full strength for the parade at them. The program, too, given by the in the Caribbean Sea belonging to the Oranjestadt, the island capital. We have our own Legion Hut right on the edge of the blue water, and here we have one business and one social meeting each month. Red-letter days in the life of the Aruba Legion come when a U. S. Naval

vessel pays the island a visit. It is our pleasure to entertain the members of the crew, and this we do with sight-seeing trips and a barbecue at the picnic grounds. "Our fifty-one members represent thir- ty-two of the United States. A roll call of our officers indicates the wide spread of the home States of our membership:

Commander, J. C. Raymond, Colorado;

Senior Vice Commander, W. J. Rafloski, Massachusetts; Junior Vice Commander,

Aruba Esso Post in Netherlands West Indies is an active outpost of the Legion and growing steadily. Below, Commander Vest, of Datus E. Coon Post, G. A. R., turns char- ter over to Legion Past Comman- der P. A. Whkacre

daughters was something to remember.

Spokane Post got a big kick out of its Daughters' night —and George Pymm got a vote of thanks. Now Fm telling you about it because we think other

Posts would like to know that there is something entirely new under the Legion sun . . . Daughters' Night."

Greeley Keeps Them

AS THE Legion grows older the number L of Past Commanders in each Post increases in numbers—hence, more and more of the Posts are organizing Past Commander units to act as a sort of sen- Netherlands West Indies group, which is H. A. Lambertson, New York; Adjutant ate of elder statesmen. Here and there a the home of a small colony of Americans, F. S. Hayes, Maine; Finance Officer, R four-star Post reports a hundred-percent, most of whom are employes of an oil 0. Smith, Maine; Sergeant-at-Arms, B active membership of its skippers - refinen . F. Margolin, Nebraska; Chaplain, H. J Victor Candlin Post, Greeley, Colorado, "Aruba Esso Post," says Samuel G. Mills, Wyoming; Service Officer, H. D which has always been a consistently ac- Evans, Post Publicity Chairman, "was MacDonald, Michigan." tive unit in a Number One Department, organized in 1935 with twenty-one char- is one of the latest to report. The Post ter members. This number has grown G. A. R. has kept them all in the home bailiwick, steadily until now we have fifty-one with one exception —and he's in the New members enrolled, or ninety percent of FEW weeks ago the Grand Encamp- England area. A the eligible veterans within our area. - ment of the Department of West In the picture, the Past Commanders While we lack some of the opportunities Virginia, Grand Army of the Republic, are: Seated, left to right, F. Autrey, G. for service that Posts in the States have, was held at Clarksburg. Once a proud Adams, H. Widlund, R. Seaman. L. our activities are manv and varied. We army numbering {Continued on page 59)

AUGUST, 194 —

At Vallejo, California, ex-gob James Gee and the Dustrup chil- dren inspect a Mark VI mine that had seen duty in the Northern Barrage during the war

then in April. 191 7, when we declared war, announced unrestricted submarine warfare on merchant shipping, some- thing drastic had to be done. American soldiers and supplies were three thou- sand miles from the battle front and those three thousand miles were the broad Atlantic. Enemy submarines had to be destroyed or somehow bottled up at their bases in the North Sea. The allied powers had not been in a position to take quickly effective measures against the unre- strained submarine warfare. Although mines had been used to a limited extent, now came our Navy Department's sug- gestion of planting a solid mine barrier from Scotland to Norway and a lesser barrier across the English Channel, thus shutting off the North Sea and the en-

there were no great Below, carefully cased in the Smithsonian Institu- sea battles after we tion, Washington, D. C, is another example of a had lined up with the Mark VI mine Allies and while the Navy's principal boast was "We took 'em over and we brought 'em back," there was one sec- tion of our Navy that accomplished a prodigious job something never at- tempted before — won the war? Yes, the and on the strength WHOdepartment knows most of of that hazardous the wisecracking answers to and successful en- that question current dur- deavor, the Navy ing that particular war of ours, but many can claim its full contributing factors helped our nation share for the success put over the final winning punch that of the A. E. F. When brought the Armistice. So it is safe to Germany in Decem- say that every branch of the service did ber, 1 91 6, adopted its part—some of a more striking nature the policy of sinking than others. merchant ships with- Take the Navy, for instance. While out warning, and

34 The AMERICAN LEGION Magazine —

Force Association, Inc. Here is part tractive youngsters, as they arc really de Sowrdon ,Sor\trw Egiise of the interesting report that Jimmie a part of the Mine Force through their sent to us: Grandad, Lieutenant Neils Drustrup, re- "Our Pacific Coast Chapter of the tired, who commanded the U. S. S.

North Sea Mine Force Association is Grebe during mine-sweeping operations really going places out here, and Then in the North Sea and is a holder of the and Now announcements have helped Navy Cross. The youngsters, John a lot in building up our membership. Michael and Johanna, live with their

"As one activity of our Chapter, parents, Lieutenant and Mrs. N. J. we 'planted' on the steps of the Vet- Drustrup, at the Mare Island Navy erans Memorial Hall in Vallejo on Yard, where the lieutenant is in active March 13th last, a Mark VI Magnetic service." Mine such as the ones used in the As collaborator with Jimmie Gee in barrage in the North Sea during our getting a story of the Mine Force op-

war. The mine, formally dedicated on erations, we called upon Legionnaire J. Memorial Day, is attracting much at- Frank Burke, one of the organizers and

tention due to the fact that it is the present Secretary of the North Sea Mine only mine on public display here on Force Association, Inc. Frank, veteran of the West Coast, and one of only three the crews of the U. S. S. Blackhawk and shown anywhere in the country—one U. S. S. Thomas Graham, hails from the being on the famous Boston Common opposite coast of the country—his home in Boston, Massachusetts, and the being at 3 Bangor Road, West Roxbury, other in the Smithsonian Institution Massachusetts. His story of the planting in the Capital, Washington, D. C. of the Northern Barrage and the sub- sequent mine-sweeping operations is fascinating, and we're sorry that space permits us to publish only extracts from Frank's account: "The young man sitting at his desk emy submarine bases within that area. in a room with 'Franklin D. Roose- velt, Assistant Secretary of the Navy,' On May 13, 191 7, the following reply to this proposal came from the British Ad- on the doorplate, was worried. It was miralty: late summer of 191 7. He had re-

"From all experience Admiralty con- turned from an inspection trip to the siders project of attempting to close exit British Isles—a very gloomy trip. America's help was promised to the to North Sea . . . by method suggested to be quite unpracticable. Project has Allies, two million American soldiers previously been considered and aban- were to be mobilized and rushed over- doned. The difficulty will be appreciated seas on a fixed schedule, millions of when total distance, depths, material, tons of equipment and supplies to go and patrols required and distance from with them. Would the ships get base of operations are considered." Add through? The U-boats were sinking to that discouraging statement the con- vessels faster than they could be re- clusion of a report from our Admiral placed. The subs must be eliminated but how? Those were gray days in Sims, dated May 14, 191 7: "Bitter and — extensive experience has forced the Washington, in London, in Paris. adandonment of any serious attempt at blockading such passages." Was our Navy Bureau of Ordnance discouraged or diverted from its plan of a North Sea mine barrage? No. It took months of study, it took months of The village church at Sourdon, preparation, it meant the finding and France, is shown at top, before manufacturing of a mine superior to the World War; above, during those that had been used by the Allies the war, and, below, the new but the Northern Barrage eventually church erected on the same site was established, the German subs were after the war bottled up, shipping losses abated, and not a single American troop transport was torpedoed en route to the A. E. F. "The Bureau of Ordnance of the Now we learn that one of those deadly- Navy Department was very kind in mines—known as Mark VI Magnetic arranging for us to obtain this unique Mine—has found safe anchorage on the war trophy and our thanks and appre- steps of the Veterans Memorial Hall in ciation go out to Senator Hiram Vallejo. California, and we're pleased to Johnson, Congressman Frank Buck, show a picture of it flanked by two Admiral Furlong, Captain Carleton chubby youngsters and the ex-gob who Wright, Captain Nelson Goss, Com- sent us the picture. That ex-gob is mander Harry Orr, U. S. N., retired,

Legionnaire James (Jimmie) Gee of and Lieutenant N. J. Drustrup, 1626 Illinois Street, Vallejo, veteran of U. S. N. the crew of the U. S. S. Canandaigua "In the picture which the Vallejo and present Organizer of the Pacific Times-Herald kindly loaned, I was Coast Chapter of the North Sea M.r.e lucky in having with me the two at-

AUGUST, 1941 35 —

were ripped open, doors fitted over the holes, tracks were laid through the decks and elevators installed. These were to be the mine-layers. "Rear Admiral Joseph Strauss (now admiral, retired) was selected as 'Com- mander Mine Force, U. S. Atlantic Fleet.' A special training station was opened at Norfolk where volunteers for the special service of mine-laying were given quick courses by experts. By May, 1918, everything had been whipped into shape—Britain's reluctant approval of the plan had been obtained—and the ships loaded with potential death got under way. Bases had been established at Inverness and Invergordon, Scotland, and Captain R. R. Belknap (now rear admiral, retired) had been assigned command of Mine Squadron One.

"On June 6, 191 8, the first excursion, as the trips were called, set out. The British had also assembled a mine-laying force and assisted in a designated area of the field. They used lighter vessels and an old-type mine. One excursion fol- Fatigue duty? The donkey looks more fatigued than lowed another until our American force the buck private working out his punishment at Fort had placed 56.571 mines in thirteen McHenry, Maryland, in 1918. Who is the soldier? trips. The British in eleven excursions had laid 13,546 additional. On October "The Secretary picked up a paper the hall to the office of Rear Admiral 26, 1918, with 70,117 mines planted, the from the 'In' basket—some sort of plans Ralph Earle, Chief of the Bureau of lock had been placed on the enemy sub- with explanatory text, titled 'A Sub- Ordnance. Admiral Earle faced a stag- marine's door. Naval Intelligence re- marine Gun, by Ralph E. Browne of gering problem, a precious reputation to ported that sixteen submarines had Salem, Massachusetts.' Only another in- be immediately risked on a piece of vanished. U-boat officers and crews were vention to check through and mark paper. No time for models, tests, or cor- refusing sailing orders. Then just as Ad- 'File.' Something made him glance back rections. Perhaps fifty million dollars ex- miral Strauss was preparing to sail for through it —an item about using the penditure, thousands of lives and badly- the Dardanelles to duplicate the mine- property of sea-water between a copper needed ships to be gambled on, but the laying operations the Armistice canceled plate and iron or steel which would situation was desperate. They checked it his orders—and the mine-layers sailed create an electrical cur- for home. rent. It was claimed to "With the end of hos- be strong enough, in tilities, the now-completed conjunction with a se- mine field became an in- cret device, to detonate ternational problem. How a gun under water. A could it be removed? And long copper wire, called the crew-s of Admiral the 'antenna,' running Strauss' flagship, the U.S.S. to a float gave a wide Blackhawk, and the shore radius. bases prepared for the "He recalled a con- winter in Scotland. Ex- versation at the British perimental mine-sweeping Admiralty, a chart on was undertaken at once. the table, one of the sea Two wooden sailing ves- lords tracing a little gap sels, the ketches Red Rose

between the Orkney Islands and Norway, over and over . . . 'This is it ! This must and Red Fern, were purchased from their and saying, 'We patrol here constantly, be it!' A prayer, a hope, a resolve. The fishermen owners with the thought that but it's where the subs come out.' first magnetic mine was born. wooden vessels would be immune to the

"Roosevelt looked it over and re- "Orders were shrewdly placed amid mine's magnetism. Under the late Lieu- marked, 'Why don't you put a bar across great secrecy in hundreds of factories tenant Noel Davis (who Legionnaires —a mine field?' —and the weary reply, and machine shops throughout the coun- may remember lost his life while testing 'Mine fields don't come that size—that try, each for some strange part. These his plane The American Legion in which little space is 230 miles!' Then his ques- were siphoned into Norfolk, Virginia he hoped to make the first New York-

tion, 'How many mines would it take?' enough material for 100.000 mines. 300 Paris non-stop flight in the spring of and the answ-er, 'Over 600.000 to cover pounds of TXT to be cast into each mine 1927 just before Lindbergh's epic trip) all levels. With the explosives needed for as assembled. Twenty-four Great Lakes they became the only sailing craft flying the army and for other naval uses, and boats were brought through the St. the American flag on naval duty during no precedent for an operation of such Lawrence and down the Atlantic Sea- the last war. Proven unsuitable on the magnitude—that's out!' l">;in] to receive the world's most dan- basis of speed, heavy steel tugs were Was this new antenna of Ralph E. gerous cargoes. Ten other vessels, mostly used, after nullifying the magnetic action Browne's, which would increase the use- coastwise in their previous operations, of the mine by countercharging the ful radius of a mine ten times over, the were brought into Boston and Brooklyn water from each vessel. answer? Roosevelt took the paper down Navy Yards. The sterns of the latter "Thirty-five heavy tugs soon arrived

36 The AMERICAN LEGION Magazine 1 .

from the States to join two which had assisted the mine-layers; twenty trawlers were chartered from British owners and American crews placed aboard. Twenty- four subchasers were assigned to marking the swept area with buoys and also to sink by rifle fire mines which bobbed up. "Captain R. C. Bulmer was designated 'Commander Mine-Sweeping Detach- ment.' After a stirring record in the mine fields this officer was killed in an acci- dent ashore. Casualties were inevitable in the field—one vessel, the Richard Bulkely, was sunk on July 12, 1919, car- rying with her Commander King and six men. It would be impossible to describe life aboard the vessels in the stormiest body of water in the world, further Rookies of Company E, 3 08th Infantry, step out in stirred by constant mine explosions. close-order drill at Camp Upton, New York, in 1918 From April to October, sweeping was al- most continuous, but the job was com- all veterans of the Mine Force on Southern States, and James Gee. 1626 pleted one hundred percent. Secretary of August 30, 1939. the eve of Hitler's in- Illinois Avenue, Vallejo, California, to the Navy Josephus Daniels termed the vasion of Polan d, to a reorganization organize the Pacific Coast. Our Chapters mining operations 'the meeting. Former Lieu- are growing in membership, and nearly a greatest achievement tenant Duncan Shaw thousand of these mining experts have of its nature recorded of Reading, Pennsyl- filed telegraph addresses with me. as in naval history.' vania, formerly of Ad- Secretary of the Association, and stand "Our North Sea miral Strauss' staff, ready to offer their services. Mine Force Associa- was instructed to con- "Our Association will hold its annual tion, Inc., was formed tact all who had par- reunion and convention in Boston, Octo- in Boston in Decem- ticipated in and were ber 25th to 27th, with a special observ- ber, 1920. In observ- familiar with mine- ance of Navy Day on the program. I ance of the first Navy laying and sweeping hope that all of the former shipmates Day, October 27, 1923, apparatus. John E. will write to me at 3 Bangor Road, West a Mark VI Mine as- Nicholson of 426 East Roxbury, Massachusetts, and that many sembly was dedicated 110th Street, New of them will attend the reunion. Those in other sections of the country may join on Boston Common. . York City, was placed With prompt action, in charge of the met- up with their sectional Chapters." typical of the Mine ropolitan area George ; Force, President Rich- R. Tompkins, 31 13 REMEMBER that old Army Order ard C. O'Brien, an of- Patterson Avenue, - forbidding the possession or use of ficer of the Boston Richmond. Virginia, cameras during the war? Obviously that City Club, summoned was assigned the was just another of those rules made to be broken, as witness the scores of un- Below, the Transport Logan that carried troops and supplies be- official wartime pictures that have ap- peared in this department. don't tween San Francisco and Vladivostok, for the A. E. F. Siberia. We know how much, if any, punishment was Here she is in the harbor of Vladivostok durine the winter of 1918 meted out for violations but we are glad that so many men got by with snap- shotting against orders, otherwise Then

and Now would be at a loss for its il- lustrations. Now for a most unusual contribution from D. Victor Emanuel of Ffarrisburg (Pennsylvania) Post of the Legion, who

is Health Instructor and Athletic Coach of the William Penn High School in that state capital, where he lives at 3015 North Sixth Street. We refer to the three views of a French village church and a^k Comrade Emanuel to tell the Gang about them: "I am a great admirer of Then and Now, in which appear pictures and stories having to do with the last war. During that conflict I was a member of the American Ambulance Service, S. S. U. 634, attached to the French Army, and we had the opportunity to take a lot of pictures. I am submitting a set of ihree pictures which you might be able lo use. "While taking (Continued on page 60)

AUGUST, 194 .37 Red Cross has already trained several thousand in first aid and these women are now taking refresher training courses and getting actual experience in surgical and emergency wards of hospitals. V JOB In all of these services Legion Auxil- iares will have a large part. It has been agreed by all who have given this matter thought and study and by those who have seen actual conditions in a city un- (Continued from page 5) Commissioner of Public Safety. In addi- der air bombardment, as has the present take some time to drive home the neces- tion to these air raid protection wardens, National Commander, that organized sity of this seemingly simple formula. including the spot fire watchers and fire teamwork and strict discipline are neces- Not because our fellow citizens do not fighters, every fire department in every sary. Therefore, every individual forming want to cooperate, but rather that they city will necessarily have to be rein- part of this army must be able and will- minimize the danger because of the lack forced from three to five times its nor- ing to take orders from the duly consti- of actual experience in the present kind mal standing strength. Auxiliary fire per- tuted officers assigned for such purposes. of warfare. sonnel will be trained. These auxiliary Each individual becomes part of the or- The failure to realize the necessity of fire forces will be formed into companies ganization to which he is assigned and such detailed plans, plus our typical while in action is of that organization, characteristic of rushing to the point of under its properly appointed officers in trouble or excitement and wanting to charge and officer in command. pitch in—these must be systematically In the smaller communities the Legion overcome—and the civilian population Post or Posts can do a great deal in aid- must be trained to a new, disciplined ing State, County or local authorities as self-control. There will be a large num- the case may be, in the training of the ber of our fellow citizens and practically personnel necessary in the various every Legionnaire assigned to duty. branches of civilian protection. Disorder, lack of discipline, and con- In the larger centers the Legion is ex- fusion in critical moments must be pected to give full and complete cooper- avoided. Every Legionnaire can com- ation with other organizations and enrol mence right now. The National Com- among its members veterans and women mander has requested every Post to have who are ready to start training at once. every member do his part in this neces- This, as a matter of fact, is already sary great mass training for collective being done. The call of the National calm and individual obedience during an Commander has gone out and the re- attack by a foreign enemy. sponse has been magnificent. A large number of men and women will "It's the only way I can get him The Office of Civilian Defense is avail- be required for the Air Raid Protection to take a bath!" ing itself of the patriotic offer of the Na- Service. This service will include cover- tional Commander and has already drawn ing every block in every city, town, vil- and stationed within the fire zone of each from the ranks of the Legion. Colonel lage and in sections of rural districts. permanent fire company. They will be Franklin D'Olier, the first elected Na- Section commanders, squad commanders, trained in the art of fire fighting and the tional Commander, has been appointed block commanders and house wardens use of special equipment to meet fires Director of Civilian Defense for the Sec- will be the commissioned and non-com- under war conditions, such as portable ond Corps Area. Past National Com- missioned officers of this force. Wardens, pumps, and in the use of chemicals. In mander Raymond J. Kelly has been ap- will be required to men and women, addition to that a large force of men and pointed Director of Civilian Defense for train execute the operation of and to women will be trained and are now being the Sixth Corps Area. The present Na- civilian defense. Trained wardens will trained for the medical division of this tional Commander, distinguished citizen assigned, and the the alarm be moment civilian army. Wardens will all be trained of the State of Ohio, will represent that of an air attack is given they will take in preliminary first aid, then there will State on the Volunteer Participation their designated posts. will Each have a be the rescue squads to extricate injured Committee appointed by the President particular duty to perform. Motor ve- people from under debris of fallen build- of the United States. This committee is hicles must be stopped, occupants taken ings, the administration of first aid, the composed of five members from each off the streets and in the proper put transportation of injured people to field army corps area. It is this committee buildings, and streets cleared of all peo- rescue stations. There they will be re- that will bring to Washington the views, ple. Lights must be out and wardens ceived by doctors and physicians and the conditions, and the defense needs of specially assigned to their task. trained nurses and evacuated to perma- every section of our country and will act Some will have the responsibility of nent hospitals. as the Advisory Board to the U. S. Di- watching utility services, such as water Canteen workers will be trained to rector of Civilian Defense. In addition, pipes, gas mains, electric conduits, and prepare and serve food to the wardens, the five from each corps area will form must be fully prepared to call repair firemen and police when on continuous a Regional Committee, in turn acting as crews when necessary. Others will be sta- long hours of duty. As a special reserve, an Advisory Board to the United States tioned on roofs of buildings and at fixed emergency food divisions will be organ- Director of Civilian Defense for that posts in streets ready to attack and ex- ized to provide food in case a city is corps area. tinguish incendiary bombs on the spot. cut off from the normal source of sup- The duties and functions of the United Some will know when to give alarm of ply through interrupted transportation. States Office of Civilian Defense are not fires beyond the control of the local war- These are but a few of the many, many to supplant local defense councils. It is dens. All of this, of course, under a cen- divisions of civilian protection. Plants, our job to coordinate all these forces to tral and unified command. factories and large offices will train and establish uniform courses of instruction, This command will depend a great deal have their own warden service. Courses to provide a uniform manual of opera- on the organizations of the government have already been commenced in several tion when we get into action, to seek the in our various cities. In most places it of our large cities both by the police de- necessary equipment, to maintain the will be under the Police Commissioner or partment and the fire department. The morale of the forces and to give each

38 The AMERICAN LEGION Magazine 1 — —

State and local council such help as may United States and to their chosen repre- forces. We can entirely eliminate the be required; to bring about the closest sentatives in Congress. Our job is to factor of fright and panic by self-dis- of cooperation between the Federal Of- train and to be ready if. We cannot take cipline and characteristic American de- fice of Civilian Defense and state and a chance on that "if." Some weeks ago, termination and fortitude. local offices. The Federal Office of Ci- frankly, the percentage of probability I did have, a few days ago, a definite vilian Defense will designate wherever that we would never be called into action ending for t his article; now, frankly, I do possible the executive of the State or sub- was greater than it is today. As I am not know and dare not prophesy what division of the State as United States writing this article on one of the hottest might happen or when. Every Legion- Director of Civilian Defense for that days of the early part of this summer, naire now knows just how our parents, particular territory. Congress has received a message from relatives and dear ones felt when we Governor Herbert H. Lehman of New the President of the United States stat- were called into service. We in turn now York, Leverett Saltonstall of Massachu- ing the attitude of our country and tell- line up with pent emotion and a lump in setts, Herbert R. O'Conor of Maryland ing the whole world that we refuse to our throats and give our sons a cheer- and John W. Bricker of Ohio, all Le- surrender the freedom of the seas, that ful send-off as they are called to the gionnaires, have been designated as the we cannot be intimidated and in lan- service of our country, with the differ- U. S. Directors for their respective guage heretofore unknown in diplomacy, ence that we too are again called to help. States. Governors James of Pennsyl- tells the Dictators just where they come Our duty this time will not be as dra- vania. Sprague of Oregon, and Langlie of off. I do not claim that if our country matic or as spectacular as it was then,

Washington have also been named for becomes involved we will be subjected to but it is just as necessary. The immedi- their respective States, and as I am able the long, sustained air attacks lasting ate protection of our own families and to inspect remaining States and corps hours and hours such as England has our own homes. What is ahead of us the areas I expect to make like appoint- suffered day after day, but I do say that next few months or the next few weeks, ments. if we should perchance become involved, who can tell? I do know that whatever As I have said so many times, a par- that notwithstanding all of our outposts, happens we will come out victorious. I ticular task has been given to me and to the new bases, the strength of our Navy, do know that new techniques or old, new the various defense councils throughout the efficiency of our air forces and all weapons of destruction or old, we will the country. It is not our responsibility the vigilant patroling, we will be in all successfully protect our shores, glori- or our duty to shape the foreign affairs likelihood subjected to sudden short and ously maintain American institutions, of our country, the American people surprise attacks. We can greatly reduce and we will take care of every man. having designated the power under our the damage of such attacks by well woman and child in our country. So Constitution to the President of the trained and disciplined civilian defense once more we march together, and

Never Heard of Him?

(Continued from page ij) wield. Tradition has it that no one en- one of short-term enlistments. Many a arrival he was bound over to Judge gaged against it and lived. That sword man served one enlistment and lit out Winston to work out the indenture. was said to have been made especially for home with a bellyful, to fight no When the war came along, Peter was for him by order of General Washing- more. Though Virginia and Massachu- all for getting into it. His mind ran with ton himself, who had heard that Fran- setts used conscription to some extent the minds of his friends the Virginians. cisco complained the regulation army to fill the troop quotas, general con- He was built for battle and hardship. weapon was too light and too short. scription was not for Washington's ar- When he begged his master, who seems At Guilford Court House, where Peter, mies fighting under a Congress represent- to have become more like a guardian, to at twenty, fought under Colonel Wat- ing thirteen independent States. Wash- permit him to enlist in the patriot army, kins, he laid low eleven men in suc- ington recommended conscription. the judge did so. Whereupon, in the fall cession with that sword. It is so recorded Francisco served numerous enlist- of 1776, the boy set forth on a career by no less than the famous historian ments, always in Virginia units, his kind it would be difficult to match anywhere. Lossing. In that battle, one of the enemy the joy and support of commanders. His Wherever the conflict raged hottest, made such headway against Peter as to first service was with the Tenth Vir- there he liked to be, an embattled knight pin his leg to his horse with a bayonet. ginia Regiment of the Continental line waging prodigious war. Undaunted. Peter helped the other to "famous band of musketeers." He served The private soldier fights the wars. free the bayonet; then brought the great too with the Sixth Virginia, also Conti- Leaders there must be, but there can be cleaver down on the luckless man's head nentals. Late in the war he was a mem- no leaders without men willing or sub- with such force as to split it down to ber of a militia company; and he joined mitting to be led. The led men are the trunk. A monument on the site of a cavalry troop before it was over. One followers. They are for the most part, in the battlefield commemorates that one- surmises that cavalry was his choice. all generations, nameless and forgotten man massacre of the eleven. His huge frame called for a mount. men who back the leaders with all they If he ever scoffed at war—there is no How should a private behave toward have, who give their personal interests, record that he ever did—it was not from his colonel when he finds himself in a ambitions, prospects, futures, families, having never felt a wound. In the fight critical situation involving both? Peter limb and life, who strike and are struck, at Monmouth, the year after Brandy- had no doubts when the occasion arose. who shoot and are shot at, who freeze wine, he was wounded by a musket-ball. A volunteer with General Gates's army and starve and struggle on to victory, The next year, at the storming of Stony for the southern campaign, he was de- defeat or draw. Point, a bayonet thrust got him in the tached with the regiment of Colonel Private soldiers are followers. Peter thigh. He was among the first of the William Mayo of Powhatan County, Francisco was a follower, one of the attackers to enter the fortress. Virginia. He was able to do Colonel rank and file in all wars who do the When the war shifted to the South, he Mayo a good turn in the retreat after fighting, the winning and the dying. See was sent there. He was at Camden, Cow- Cornwallis's defeat of Gates at Camden. how he fought the War of the Revolu- pens, Guilford Court House, as stated, Separated from his comrades in a rout tion. Behold him the bold and forthright, and Yorktown. He received a wound at wherein, for the time, it was every man up-and-at-them soldier. His good sword Guilford. for himself, Peter observed the wise saw of five-foot blade none but him could The War of the Revolution was largely about him who fights and runs away.

AUGUST, 194 39 a

Leaving a road, he took to the woods "My enemy," still in Francisco's "I went the next day to Wand for my and sat down to rest. A British trooper words, "\va> brave and, though severely horses, he demanded two, for his trouble riding up demanded his immediate sur- wounded, drew a pistol. In the same mo- and generous intentions. Finding my sit- render. ment that he pulled the trigger. I cut his uation dangerous, and surrounded by Taken off guard, Peter resorted to hand nearly off. The bullet grazed my enemies when I ought to have found guile. As if the tight were all out of side." friends, I went off with my six horses. him. he indicated that he gave up. Say- Here the tavern owner, one Ben Wand, I intended to have avenged myself of ing his musket, being empty, was of no entered the affray with conduct most Wand at a future day, but Providence use to him. he presented it sideways, amazing. ordained I should not be his executioner, to he disarmed. The other suspected "Ben Wand," in the Franciscan nar- for he broke his neck by a fall from one nothing. The seeming prisoner suddenly rative, "very ungraciously brought out of the very horses." leveled the gun and drove the bayonet a musket and gave it to one of the The redoubtable Peter sold all but one through his captor's middle, hurling him British soldiers, and told him to make of his horses at Prince Edward court- from his horse. use of that. The soldier mounted the house the next day. There was a lot of only horse they could get and presented informality' in military practices in the

the musket at my breast. It missed fire. Revolution. PETER mounted the horse and rode He kept one horse for him- 1 rushed on the muzzle of self off. But not far. He overtook Colonel the gun. A and named it "Tarleton." Mayo on foot, also getting away. The An engraving depicting the encounter private turned the horse over to his Peter Francisco, who lias latrly applied to with Tarleton's troopers, first published Congress for a pension for Revolutionary ser- commander, who. far from refusing it, in 1814. met with much popular ap- vices, was supposed, when in the prime of man- proval. Copies of it set off at a great pace. Peter saved him- hood, to be the strongest man in the United adorned parlor walls,. self somehow. For his generous act. the (States. We do not know whether, like Mu.n- North and South, for a generation. The mus, he could break a horse's tRw-bone with a colonel later made him a gift of a original is in Independence Hall. Phila- "troke, or ins thigh with a kick, but we time thousand acres of land in Kentucky— heard the follow ing story told in illustration of delphia. Ins Kti'cnstii: kingdom for a horse. After Yorktown, Francisco returned The lame of Francisco's gre.i! sliei gili The outcome suggests to all privates, spread far and wide through Virginia. Kvery to his old home neighborhood in Buck- man who could '•irlup liis irtight in and to all non-commissioned and lower- triltt cat.ij' ingham County. The war was over. He burned with the dome of reaping renown by un grade officers, the of being kind opened a small store in wisdom encounter with Francisco. Anioni others, a the county the to their colonels in distress and not let- bully from near the mountains, nc.M io the bnd next year and also ran a tavern. Chang- ol half horse and hnlj alligator men, determin- ting them walk when it can be helped. ing occupations, a year later he set up ed on comparing bin prowess with .that of ine So that the colonels may in time pre- reputed strongest man in the St. te. He delib- a smithy on a crossroads piece of land sent their benefactors with large acreages erately commenced his journey with the intent on Willis River given him by one Joseph of whipping France. eo, or being whipped him- of land or other munificent gifts. Curd, an army comrade. The old town self, lie arrives in the neighborhood of his in- tended A classic tale has come down the antagonist, and meeting a men in n lane of Curdsville grew up there. Peter be- Willi a fluke and rider fence on each side, he Francisco's came the village blacksmith—sinewy years, purporting to be in inquired of him if he knew Peter Francisco, and own words, of his encounter with a where be lived. The man answered that he was hands, brawny arms, iron muscles and himself Peter Fran iseo. The business wen group of redcoats who had surprised him all. There may be horseshoes still treas- made known, and Frari€i6co, who was a very in Virginia unaimed. Back in Virginia from the peaceable gentleman, remonstrated against such ured farm houses as having Carolinas, he had been reconnoitering a foolish contest between two men; who hud been beaten out by him. never injured each oilier. But in vain, the man in and was stopping, alone, at a tavern would not be put off, and dismounting and tying his horse The place is now in to the fence, told Francisco that he Amelia County. had always suited him must cither fight or run. Francisco, very cool- VIRGINIA Nottoway County. Nine of Tarleton's ly dismounting, rcplie.i ih-.l he had never been and he was content to stay there. cavalry, with several Negroes, rode up in the habit of funning ifhe must tight — he could As citizen and not alien, he did well for not help it. They met— and took him prisoner. Francisco seized hie antagonist like he had heen a child, and threw himself. From smith to planter, from Cool and reasonable when the occasion hnn entirely over the fence— when he got up, planter to country gentleman, such he very good naturcdly asked him to be so good prompted restraint, he did not resist. progress has not been astounding in the 09 to toss him over Ins horse also—he wished Thinking him harmless and far from to be travelling. Otorgia Courier. nation he helped to establish. He owned combative, all but one of his captors slaves, earned leisure, lived well. He took Strong man Francisco turned to his went into the house, leaving that one to a wife, three wives in fact, in succession, country for support in his old age, look after the prisoner. and begot sons and daughters to tell as reported in the Wheeling (West That one, goes the narrative, turned their father's story. Virginia) Gazette, Feb. 7, 1829, upon him and demanded, "Give up in- What about that thousand acres of quoting the Georgia Courier stantly all that you possess of value, or land in Kentucky? He never obtained prepare to die." them. "Title disputes," was his explana-

"I have nothing to give up." Francis- short struggle ensued. I disarmed and tion. A more specific one is that the gift co told him, "so use your pleasure." wounded him. to him was by will, the Mayo heirs "Deliver instantly," said the other, "Tarleton's troop of four hundred protested and he refused to contest. "those massy silver buckles which you men were in sight. All was hurry and When courting his first wife the girl's in wear your shoes." confusion, which I increased by re- father, the story runs favored another Quoth Francisco, "They were a pres- peatedly hallooing, as loud as I could, suitor because of Peter's lack of edu- ent from a valued friend, and it would 'Come on, my brave boys, now's your cation. The Winston family, while treat- grieve me to part with them. Give them time; we will dispatch these few, and ing him well, had failed to give him into your hands 1 never will. You have then attack the main body.' schooling. On entering the army he could the power; take them, if you think fit." "The wounded man fled to the troop; scarcely write his name and whether he Chucking sabre under arm. the red- the others were panic struck and fled. could read seems doubtful. But, love coat stooped to take the buckles from 1 seized Wand, and would have dis- and determination driving him. he at- his shoes. patched him hut the poor wretch begged tended a neighborhood school, soon ac- Francisco, seeing the chance he had for his life; he was not only an object quired a working grasp of the reading been sparring for, took a step backward, of my contempt, but pity. The eight and writing business, and married the grasped the hilt of his enemy's weapon horses that were left behind I gave him girl. He became a good reader, it is re- and jerked it from him. In ;i Hash he to conceal for me. Discovering Tarleton corded, though never more than an in- brought the blade down on its owner's had dispatched ten more in pursuit of different writer. His sword was mightier head. me, I made off. I evaded their vigilance. than his pen.

40 The AMERICAN LF.GION Magazine That wasn't the first major crisis in approaching on his white steed, a com- and a headstone marks the spot. which illiteracy held him back. Offered manding sight from afar, she would have In Golden Gate Park, San Francisco, a commission in the army, he had de- her husband meet him in the yard. There thirteen "Liberty Trees," now about fifty clined it because of meager education. he would be invited to sit on a stone years old, stand in impressive arch com- With a high regard for an officer's rank, bench where, with all safe, the rites of memorating Cornwallis's surrender of he felt that ready skill in reading and hospitality could be dispensed with good nearly one hundred sixty years ago. They writing were essential to it. heart. were planted by the Daughters of the Being a man who liked good clothes In other yards where he was wont to American Revolution, one tree for each and, with —growing prosperity, dressed to hold forth with comrades of the war parent State of the Union. With the his liking "luxuriously," the tradition and where there was no stone seat, his sapling sent from each State was a bag goes—he made no drab figure in the chair might be found after his departure of earth from the grave of a chosen Rev- community. It was his pleasure to ride sunk to the bottom rounds into the olutionary soldier, and the earth was about on a white mare, visiting at this ground. scattered over the roots in planting. The or that planter's house with cronies of Though fond of his "sider," which he tree sent from Virginia was a chestnut.

the war days. An ancient record has it seems to have ordered by the hogshead, Earth for it came from the grave of that he was always welcome in the homes his reputation was of one temperate and Peter Francisco. of the first families of the region. He industrious, good-natured, peaceably dis- was likely to ride abroad wearing a blue posed, not at all a bully, a friend to the AMIGHTY man was he: alien, pa- gold-braided coat, yellow trousers and less fortunate and an occasional queller triot, soldier, "giant of the Con- black boots. The ensemble went not so of disturbances at public gatherings when tinental Army," "first private of the badly with his white horse. the peace officers were not effective. The Revolution," citizen of the Republic.

propensity for preserving order may have When he died in January of 183 1, a WHILE liked by men and women, had something to do with his appoint- young farm hand named Lincoln newly and conceivably vastly popular ment in his later years as sergeant-at- arrived in Illinois and doing odd jobs in with admiring children, he became more arms of the Virginia House of Delegates. the country around Decatur may have or less a cause of alarm to neighbor When appointed, he moved, with his read of his death in the Richmond Whig, women as a guest in their houses. Let third wife, from his Buckingham County for the young man was a Whig himself the stern truth be told; he was a chair house to Richmond. The house he left and read newspapers avidly. breaker. Few chairs could withstand the is still standing. Lincoln wrote thirty years later the impact or the dead load of the Francis- The imposing Franciscan frame and perfect epitaph for Peter Francisco and can bulk. Once he entered a house and fame graced the honorable post of all other patriots of America when he sat him down, that chair was in jeop- sergeant-at-arms, earned recognition of set down some words about "the mystic ardy. Anything was likely to happen to notable military service, until his death chords of memory stretching from every it, from a broken leg to complete in 1 83 1. John Randolph of Roanoke had battlefield and patriot grave to every wreckage. presented his merits to Congress and in living heart and hearthstone all over this A farseeing woman devised a wily his last days he drew a small soldier's- broad land." It was his thought that, method of outmaneuvering Peter and pension. He was buried with military when rightly touched, they would swell saving her chairs. When she saw him honors in Shockoe cemetery, Richmond, the chorus of the Union.

nephews of £%Mv 0am

{Continued from page 7) unknown voice. "Solve it however you we failed to get a warning to the rolling They didn't keep their voices low. will. But I should judge your gun a mill. It was already going. Its start-up I suppose they figured we would never bit too noisy." hour had been changed, moved forward. be repeating anything. "Noisy?" There came the click of It barely reached full rolling speed when "Fool!" said the voice we didn't know. metal snapping home on metal. its fly-wheel blew up. "To let those papers out of your sight "Ah," we heard the strange voice The thick spoke which had been un- an eye-wink." breathe. "Objection overruled. A silencer. bolted at the hub was the let-go cord sling. "I only went upstairs to get my . . . But in any case I must leave this of an incalculable The rim of that watch," Chrester explained. "I forgot matter in your hands. I cannot risk great wheel was cast in massive seg- it and—" involvement. So the brief-case please. ments, each in one piece with its spoke; "And you almost forgot your life You have memorized the plans for next but the spoke of one was loose. All that away," stated the unfamiliar voice. week at your open hearth? They are held that segment in its place was the "Lucky you heard a noise and slipped clear? Good. And good luck. Aufwie- tight, hard- jammed dove-tailing with the downstairs before they walked off with dersehen." next rim sections. Against the mighty our schedule. For that I would have Afraid or not, I had to warn the mill, out-pull of centrifugal force that hold killed you. And now those two have and now; for we couldn't let that brief- was feeble. Without the slightest warn- got to be induced to keep our secrets. case get away. So here it was. And ing it exploded from the whirling ring I hope you have a very good inducer. that's what Mike was thinking too. I of steel. A sling shot of a thousand They can't stay in that closet for the felt his hard hand on my arm. He pounds, it soared up, ripped a great hole balance of their lives." whispered, "Sada?" through the roof and disappeared. "Oh I don't know," said Chrester. The language of his fathers, not his Its thick spoke, broken from it, spun "Life is short." Uncle Chiko's in this moment, death at the full length of the mill, smashed I was afraid. That closet was so small. hand. Sada? Now? through the gable end and hit a passing There was so little shelter in its corners. But I never had to give the answering locomotive, knocking it from the rails There was no room to make a good word. We didn't have to charge the and over on its side. And then, all in smash at the door. And one charge had closet door. Earth quivered and the a couple of devastating seconds, that to do it; for a ten-shot clip of bullets whole house staggered from some nearby dreadfully unbalanced wheel hammered could be put through it in three seconds. mighty blow. The closet door sprang its massive bearings into shards, broke "It is your own predicament," said the from its frame. We drove through but its huge shaft off like a peppermint

AUGUST, IQ4! 41 —

stick, and literally tore itself to pieces, ll would sound like celebrating the But broad and motherly Stana Tsrnko- spraying the Susquehanna plant for half Fourth of July to me. Quick, now!" vitch wasn't in the street. She sat on the a mile with deadly fragments, great I hate to kill. You couldn't pay me to front step of her wrecked home, four and small. And the 44-inch mill looked shoot a deer or bear. But this sort of frightened children pressing close about as though a bomb had fallen on the vermin. American boys might yet be her. How those five had escaped that center of it. killed because this one had helped so fearful sling-shot from the mill no one greatly in the slowing of American de- could tell; and as yet no one had found fense. And ten to one, right now, because the heart to tell her that the sixth one THE appalling crash held us a mo- ment frozen. The ground shook. of him, loyal American working men, old of that house had not escaped. The friends, old neighbors, lay crushed under- Half the town of Ironville could feel it. upset locomotive at the 44-inch mill Hut the row of little homes on Bessemer neath the wreckage at the 44-inch mill. gable had been the 99. Street felt more. The steel plant fence I was getting to be a better American "Come on, boss," Mike said to me. was just across the way. and beyond every second as I stood watching him. "We go now for plant. Plenty got job, that towered the building of the 44-inch I think he saw it in my eye. He put the you me, night, day, help fix up big mill. mill. And almost simultaneously with brief-case on the table and stepped back. Chiko Sam need dot mill.'' the roar and quiver of the stricken mill We herded the two of them out onto "But, Mike," I said, "we've got to turn we felt a fearful rending, splintering, Bessemer Street. The house between the those two men in to the authorities." just had left and Mike's was \\ rnn hing. I In- 1 ime < lose about us. The one we "What two men?" asked Mike. closet walls that prisoned me and Mike wrecked. Steve Tsrnkovitch's house lurched wildly and the floor beneath us the home of Steve who ran the 99. MIKE'S head inclined toward a swayed. And the locked door leaped Where the roof met the front wall some lifted shoulder, and his arm wide open and hung out of plumb. terrible projectile had begun its work, moved in an exploring quadrant which I never saw a blocking back move and from that point had blasted back ended pointing to a crowded circle in as fast as Mike, or hit as hard. Chrester and down, taking out floors, partitions, the middle of Bessemer Street. Good was standing, gun in hand, beside a table, stairways, ripping a great hole through hundred percenter nephews of their dazed. Before he had a chance to raise the heart of the place. Out in the back Chiko Sam made up that circle, all his arm, he was carried smashing into yard, in the small, thrifty Tsrnkovitch people who appreciated what their Chiko the wall behind him, and his weapon tomato patch which it had mowed flat, Sam had done for them, all people who had come spinning to my feet. I snatched lay a huge, half-ton fragment of the simply could not understand why their it up before the stony-faced blond man 44-inch mill fly-wheel rim. Chiko Sam did not exterminate the ver- with Chrester could begin to make a The block-long row of houses in which min that would surely bring plague to move. the wrecked one stood had swiftly his house. "The brief-case, comrade," I said to emptied, and Bessemer Street was full Strangely, no sound at all came from stone-face. "Put it on the table, and of people. Night-turn men out of bed, that crowded circle. It tightened toward step back." half dressed, and women and children. its center as I watched it. But no

He glanced about, searching, no doubt, Nearly all Jugoslav-Americans, for the shudder shook me. Maybe I have ab- for some way to destroy that shocking races gathered in communities in Iron- sorbed from South-Slav friends a little evidence. ville. People from Bosnia and Montene- of their gift for hatred when it comes to "Look," I said. "The silencer had gro, from Croatia, Slavonia, Dalmatia, anyone who tries to undermine my been knocked off this. But I would not Serbia—beautiful provinces that had country's strength. Maybe I am as good give a damn how much noise it made. lately been trampled under bloody boots. an American as Mike Oslanski after all.

HAY FOOT, STRAW fOOT

pillowcases. {Continued from page 15) underwear on. And the cots so close sliects. And pillows in white spare Did you guys ever cat chicken in the together that the guy next to you slept You lads who rolled up your old days except on Thanksgiving and with his head at the foot so you wouldn't breeches to shove beneath the under too. Christmas? breathe the same air, and you made blanket, think about that. Pajamas, The induction center feeds a garrison Your own. These luxuries, of course, ration that includes fried chicken three aren't found with the held troops. But times a week, and chops and steaks. I'm comparing rookie centers of then and I can The three officers' messes that I chowed now. The officers sleep no better, in later couldn't touch these menus for tell you. And if you don't think these all-around goodness. little touches hearten a lonely, confused their As I recall it. 1 ate a hell of a lot of lad's morale, you should have seen slum in 1917-11)18 and not all in France faces. either. Naturally you can remember when

Do you remember the iron-jawed ser- somebody was cursing the cook for dish- geant who led you out of the unpainted ing out burned slum in our Army and barracks to a huge straw-pile? And then dirty remarks about him not changing somebody else always piped ap. "Him? pointed to a stack of white bed-sacks his socks often enough. A cook? Hell, he was a blacksmith— and said, "Okay, you birds, make your- Well. pal. it ain't like that now. we just drew him as a cook." self a mattress—and don't try to take While we were waiting to go through They don't do it that way in this all the straw." the classification end of the mill, we man's Army. Testing your memory further, you'll went to the induction tents. Big, square, After chow we went into the clas- recall that after you got the damned high-pointed tents, the sides opened and sification center. Here by utilizing the the round thing onto the canvas col you screened, half-boarded from the bottom, code filing system borrowed from the almost froze with only two blankets with an excellent floor. In these tents Federal Bureau of Investigation, despite the fact that you slept with your are six iron cots with mattresses. And ( Continued on page 44) 42 The AMERICAN LEGION Magazine 1

THE RIBBERS

-there goes your ball- game, turkf but cheer up — all the - Don't let that take all the

Rough spots will smooth right YOU MAY PUTT Joy OUT OF LIFE, TURK .' out'a life when you set up AN AWFUL CROOKED REMEMBER — YOU CAN ALWAYS th05e long, tall drinks BALL, TURK - BUT DOUBLE YOUR ENJOYMENT of TEN HIGH YOU SURE CAN SET U with TEN HIGH .'// UP A STRAIGHT, BOURBON / r

TEN HIGH IS STRAIGHT RYE WHISKEY, STRAIGHT BOURBON WHISKEY. 90 PROOF. COPP 1941, HIRAM WALKER & SONS INC., PEORIA, ILL.

AUGUST, 1 94 43 When Purchasing Products Please Mention The American Legion Magazine —

(Continued jrom page 42) This being Florida and summer, you "get Here's the reason once more—this is Army can and does classify everything three sets of light underwear, two khaki an Army of specialists. Before I go with about you from your birth to the passing shirts, pair of khaki slacks, an overseas my rookies to the drill ground, let me minute. Everything you've ever done, cap. a web belt, a pair of gray-green show you, in this man's Army, what schooling, different jobs, hobbies, sports. coveralls as dungarees, short canvas an enlisted man can become. And what Skilled psychologists discuss all this leggins, a pair of gloves. The blouse? kind of money he can draw. and your hopes—with you in the friendly The Army doesn't issue khaki blouses Perhaps you can remember how the spirit that seems a part of this new any more. They're too hot for summer. Old Man had you on some very special Army. All this finally simmers down to Now, you get a pair of dog-tags that work and you said. "Sir. I ought to be

- one of three ratings: "Skilled, semi- —believe it or not —have the next of a corporal—or a sergeant?" And he said, skilled and unskilled." kin and the address stamped on them as "I know that, Doe. but on our tables of If you worked as a clerk in a chain well as your name and serial number. organization we can have only so many grocery company you're very liable to So if you get a pat on the chest with non-coms and I've made them all." So wind up in the Post Exchange or in the a shovel now, your people will know you did the special work at a buck Quartermaster's Department. If you you're dead in less than the usual six private's pay. were a printer you'll likely find your- months. But now! self on the camp newspaper. The youth And finally shoes! Shades of the old A buck private can make sixty dollar-; in front of me— neat, trim —had a dubbined hob-nails, now gone and for- a month if he's doing a special kind of hundred hours in the air, ten hours of gotten! You climb on a platform, and a job. There are six grades of special blind flying, two years as an airplane they put a measuring device on your rating where you draw extra pay added mechanic student. He'll finish in an army foot to get your exact size. And after to your basic pay. These are: 1st class, school to train plane mechanics, with they do, you try on the smart-looking, $30.00; 2d class, $25.00; 3d class, $20.00; a chance at being a pilot. They need all Munson-last brown shoes with rubber 4th class, $15.00; 5th class, $6.00; 6th kinds of skills in this Army and it still heels. And if they don't fit, you stay class, $3.00. amazes me how good the brass hats are there until you get a pair that does. If you are a private with a first-class getting at putting the right skill in the Finally you are handed a copy of the special rating you get $60.00 every time right job. Soldier's Handbook, containing the basic the old eagle does his stuff. You've probably still got three deep field manual—everything a rookie soldier All told, there are seven grades of scars on your left arm just below the should know and must learn, and you enlisted men: The master sergeant at shoulder where a tired soldier scratched emerge into the sunshine ready for the $126.00 a month; a technical sergeant at you and dropped in some smallpox fifteen weeks of intensive military train- $84.00; staff sergeant at $72.00; sergeant vaccine. And just beyond him was the ing. at $60.00; corporal at $54.00; private mug who gave you the shot of para- But where, you say plaintively, is the first class at $36.00 and the ol' buck typhoid that brought on one hell of a tin hat, the shelter-half and tent pegs, at $30.00. A private for the first four night of delirium and fever. Well, you and the cosmolined rifle and bayonet months gets $21.00. still get vaccinated and also the typhoid and intrenching tool, and all the other But that's better than we did with and paratyphoid shots. But the years equipment a hard-working clerk in regi- our A. E. F. pay. As a line sergeant I have made the scars neater, and the mental headquarters used to have to find drew, as I remember, $57.50 when I stuff doesn't put you on sick call for hastily for an unexpected show-down was around to hear the bugle. That job

two-three days. It doesn't bother you inspection? Brother, they don't issue now, if the sarge has a first-class special-

at all. that any more unless you're a combat ist rating, pays $90.00. And now, attention, please—we're soldier—and perhaps you don't get them A master sergeant (equivalent to our

going to draw equipment. Boy, do you then. ( Continued on page 46 ) remember the blouse so big you and your bunkie could both get in? The size twelve, double-E shoes that the sergeant said you could fill out by wearing two- three pairs of socks? And how you drew an overcoat even if you were in San Antonio in August, with the ther- mometer at 104 in the shade and no shade?

That's all changed, too. You'd be amazed, but this Army only gives you equipment that you use. A barrack bag, a meat can, knife, fork and spoon; a cup and canteen and canteen cover. That all seems familiar,

but wait! Here is a shaving kit. complete with razor, blades, brush—everything

but shaving soap. And with it a comb and toothbrush. Think back, pal. who was the chairlady of that dame's com- mittee that made up all those Red Cross kits for the boys going away to the Army? That's the way you got a razor then. Then, too, we got Infantry collar orna- ments and threw them away when we wound up in the Signal Corps. Now, they give you the single U. S. ornament. Alter that you draw a haversack, a black necktie, and a gray-green one.

44 * * Ptepate fox * * y[out * * CONVENTION *

fMflifMCMlOG w 'fH SONS OF THE

WRITE FOR YOUR 1941 COPY ZJoday!

D.V.S.ON, THE AMERICAN LEG. ON, INDIANAPOLIS, INDIANA Please rush my free copy of the 1941 EMBLEM Legion catalog with special SAL sup- Name plement. It is understood that this cata- log, which features caps, shirts, ties and * ------i ...... — - m t »3 1 it, £ many other convention necessities will

be sent me without obligation. Qfty

Serial number of my 1941 Legion membership card is State 45 AUGUST, 1941 Magazine When Purchasing Products Puease Mention The American Legion !

1 our brooding time and had too these centers The soldier registers in as I Continued from page 44 — we old master signal electrician and master much of it. if at a hotel, for he is assigned a bed mechanic) whom I met draws $228.00 They've got a morale and recreation with sheets, and a nearby bath. From a month, which besides specialist pay staff in this man's outfit that doesn't Friday evening until late Sunday after- includes an increase of twenty-five per- give a soldier much time to mope. Par- noon he is on his own. He can fish or cent for three enlistments, $34.50 for ticularly is the off-time of the selectee swim, or beach, or see the sights or just quarters—he's married—and $36.00 a handled with organized play. The rookie do plain bunk fatigue. If he wants month for rations on detached duty. is still new and uncomfortable and look- organized play like baseball, volley ball, Yeah, they want specialists and they're ing for a place to weep quietly. At handball, he can have it. His meals cost paying for them. Every morning a tele- Blanding he plays soft ball or baseball him from fifteen to thirty cents each. type giving code numbers of skilled and or even tennis or table tennis. He can You A. E. F.-ers will remember semi-skilled men goes to Fourth Corps play checkers or dominoes or listen to with what cheers we greeted the creation headquarters in Atlanta. And within a the radio, or go down to his Post Ex- of leave areas after the Armistice when few days the said soldier may be on his change branch and buy something if it became possible to get off the Rue way to Alaska to run a dredge, or to he's got any moolah. Nationale and get out of the stables overhaul airplane motors in San Diego; This time the Army is doing its own and see another bistro besides that one or an ex-shoe clerk may wind up in owned by Papa Touchard. So you can another camp issuing shoes to selectees. understand the tremendous relief af- In despite of Major Johnston's dirty forded soldiers in a boring and (believe remark about my slightly-thickened girth me) tough training schedule by this forty-eight hours it all. I went into the School of the Soldier away from How week-end passes did rate? because the drill is new. Like the rest many you ever of this new Army you're taught only The truth is this isn't so much of an what you are going to use. Man, the days Army as it is a huge industrial organ- we slogged back and forth, doing squads ization geared to produce fighting men right and left, and a drill sergeant with and equipment. The very atmosphere Philippine ribbons cursing because we is different. You who got the hell bawled didn't look like West Pointers. You'll see out of you by some second looie who squads east and west in the American walked a half-block from the other side Army no more. of the street because you failed to The basic drill now is "right face," salute him, won't understand that now- "left off station a soldier doesn't "left face," "right oblique" and "Tom'd forget his head if it wasn't adays the oblique" and "to the rear." Out of these, tied on to him!" salute. And an enlisted man, once he of course, come formation turns while is assigned to a unit for duty, cannot in motion which is merely all the above be transferred without his consent. job of supplying extras through the done while you are marching some place. There is discipline, plenty of it. Don't Post Exchange, movies through its movie If you're hiking, the order is "Column mistake that. But, somehow, it isn't the bureau, games and dances and fun left (or right) "or "Column half-left for ram-rod discipline we knew in 1917- through the recreation halls. In the PX right)." In our time, remember, when we 1918. It's more the industrial discipline a soldier can buy anything from a bar were in a column of squads and we had to between straw boss or executive and of chocolate to an outboard motor. come into company front it was. "Squads worker. Between officer and enlisted man The movies are (at Blanding) in circus left into line" and the anchor guv- is the quiet understanding of two men tents holding 2.000 men. and a soldier marked time and the outside guy hurried trying to do a job and each knowing sees the latest-run pictures at thirteen and prayed to God he got there in time. the other's responsibility in the doing. cents a ticket. At the recreation center Now, to come to company front from At another time I hope to show how is a cafeteria if he wants to van- his a column formation, the command is, this wide change has affected tactics, chow, a soda fountain (yeah, you heard "By the right (or left ) flank—harch!"— maneuvers and exercises to the point me) and orchestras chosen from the and you each do a left or right face and where a sergeant is now squad leader several bands always on the station. there you are. An officer who com- instead of a corporal. That will take up Here he can bring his girl and see movies manded a platoon in the last guerre and my rookies after fifteen-weeks' training. through small portable projectors with has handled a battalion tells me now But there is no room here, for I must sound equipment. He can do a rumba this drill simplification has made it easier answer the question you already have or just sit and talk. Due to the Army's to move troops. I'm not touching on in your mind : If this is a new Army, new system of using civil service help for rest or intervals, route march, parade then are soldiers different now than the permanent camp administration there change. the like—the above is the basic they were in our time? are plenty of girls at Blanding—and do course still vary the one- And of they Listen in a few snatches of con- they get a rush on two, one-two with the chant of Every soldier with a good conduct versation: "Sure, I hit the crap game record has a permanent pass that lets for sixty smackers and me and Sally Hay foot, straw foot starts out to do a few juke joints when Belly full of bean soup. him stay off the station beyond "Lights this horns in. Boy, did I lay out" and "Taps." So he can catch a bus Kaloski ." one on his lamp. . . "'Yeah, them There is still the same old drill, fa- to a nearby town if he wants a change corporal's stripes has gone to Mergen's tigue. K. P. and other work for a soldier of scenery. I don't seem to remember head. Who the hell does he think he is. to do between Reveille at six a. m. anything like that in our time. putting me on K. P. because I got sick and Recall at four-thirty. The big change But what I believe to be the most 5 ." and rested . "That dame? She can't is what is being done to help him with important adjunct to morale is the leave see below a sergeant's stripes his free time. In our day. as you'll centers that the Army has in nearby anything ." ." . . says . . remember, we ambled to the "Y" hut cities where soldiers can go for inex- "So the skipper and wrote a lot of letters on stationery pensive week-end trips. Near Blanding Dames, dough, stripes and work! The headed, "On Active Service." or played the Army has thousand-soldier tent cities old soldier thought of those things and St. Augustine so does the one. The Army and its ( he( kers or rummy, bought some choc- in Jacksonville Beach, new olate, listened in on a "sing;" and the and Daytona Beach. mission, and its methods may change, rest of the time suffered from nostalgia. Truck convoys move the men in but soldiers—twenty-four years ago we Nobody thought to do very much about hundred-lots to one or the other of were just like them. 46 The AMERICAN LEGION Magazine 1

got a soldier athlete coming along well he would be sent off for maneuvers for a few weeks and my work would go to pot for that period.

PLAY, SOLDIER, The Navy has seen fit to install in part a system of physical education, espe- cially for its flying students. Gene Tun- ney has been commissioned a regular officer and spends his time going from (Continued from page 2~) "athletics for all" program in the camps. place to place giving instruction. sprint titles to holding every record on In his article "More Power to You, the books up to 220 yards. No doubt Uncle," Frank McCormick urges the The Navy in 1917 recognized the value both would have gone far without the physical development of those under the of athletics both as a recreation and for service athletic work, but I know they induction age. He says, "The Legion's maybe recruiting value as well. The Great Lakes Training were helped by it. emphasis is on organized coordinated rec- School had a list of If the Army wants to go along on the reation under trained leadership to help athletes which any two big universi- ties would have liked to have every year. 1 01 7 way of handling athletics it will people to be well, strong and in command Ray, the not have a sorry story to tell after this of their bodies and their minds so that Joie outstanding miler of that time is just of the training period is over. There have been bodies and minds do what their owners one many I recall. inducted many of our great athletes wish them to do. Such recreation will At Newport, R. I., Training Base, the from all sports. These men will continue develop both the manpower and the Navy went in for football and, led by those sports they like so well and set a morale of our civilian population." "Cupid" Black, 191 5 Yale football cap- tain, it pace for the others in doing it. When I was coaching the Czecho- had a team which beat most of Hank Greenberg, star outfielder and slovakian Olympic team in 1935-36, for the service teams it met. hitter of the Detroit Tigers, will surely the games in Berlin, I had to turn to the The Marines had a team which was carry on and encourage baseball wherever army on many occasions to get material. led by Ned Mahan, Harvard's all-Ameri- he goes in the Army. Hank wants to re- The Czechs had compulsory military can back and mentioned by many author- turn to baseball and will not lose an training of two years for all those reach- ities as one of the all-time backs. opportunity to keep in shape. ing the age of eighteen. This was the type Looking back at Lawson Robertson's

Kimbrough, Ail-American Texas half- of boy I needed and if he had had previ- experience with his 300 average students back, wants to return to professional ous athletic experience, I doubly needed and seeing how little coordination of football and will see to it that he does him. their bodies they had in the simple exer- not get too far from his college form. The soldier athlete was always in bet- cises of running and jumping, it would Men like Greenberg and Kimbrough ter physical condition and developed seem that an average boy inducted into can both play and coach. In fact, that is faster than the civilian student. the Army might well be improved by where the instructors could be had in an My one trouble was that as soon as I some special athletic training.

"PFATff STALKEP US MPER MOB/LE RAYf

on the flashlight "TWENTY FEET BELOW the muck of Mobile Bay," writes @ "FEAR GRIPPED MY HEART as I snapped O entire brace of tim- Mr. Johnson, "I was supervising a crew of sand hogs in the I always carry. By its beam, I saw that an sand building of a new tunnel. Suddenly, to my horror, the lights bers was giving way! The kind of death that haunts went out. In the utter blackness I heard an ominous rumble. hogs' sleep was facing us.

"THEN, WORKING LIKE MADMEN in the steady beam of the flashlight, the crew braced the timbers. Thanks to de- pendable 'Eveready' fresh DATED bat- teries, we won a reprieve from death.

The word "Eveready" is a registered trade-mark oj National Carbon Company, hie NATIONAL CARBON COMPANY, INC. 30 East 42nd Street, New York, N. Y.

Un it of Union Carbide and Carbon Corporation

AUGUST, 1 94 47 When Purchasing Products Please Mention The American Legion Magazine is known throughout the world as the factory that builds machines "that can't tools for Victory be made," Wisconsin has a reputation for accomplishing things that can't be (Continued from page 29) the Navy, while at Manitowoc the larg- done. They said Wisconsin couldn't be consin, with large quantities for military est shipyard west of Pittsburgh is hard farmed— it was all forest; yet today use. Many foods, including cheese and at work on no less than ten submarines. many of its agricultural outputs top canned milk, are also on their way Indeed, it is along the shores of Lake every other State. They said Wisconsin across the sea. And even the State's Michigan and Lake Superior that the farming was finished when the chinch vast chain of paper mills is making tar- visitor must sense the quickened pace bug destroyed the wheat fields—but get paper, shell wadding, wrappings, car- of our new industrial effort. Hour after dairy cows took the place of wheat tons, government-ordered printing paper. hour the ships go by, the big, low and made Wisconsin the greatest dairy- From a dozen cities in the State come freighters that often reach 600 feet in products producer in the world. Wiscon- industrial engines, beds and cots, rubber length. Today they are heavily loaded sin couldn't be important as a manu- tires, matches, trucks, Diesel engines, with iron ore from the great ranges at factory because it had no coal—yet aluminum products, paper and fountain the head of the Great Lakes. (Strangely, coal by boat and "white coal" from pens. Shipyards along the shore of Lake Wisconsin with its iron ore along the harnessed rivers have made possible in- Michigan are busy, as they were back Superior shore, and its huge iron and dustrial operations that have few equals in 191 7, building for the Navy and the steel industries, smelts no ore, leaving for size and diversification Coast Guard. Yards at Sturgeon Bay, this to other States.) Every ship on the Today, Wisconsin is working day and for instance, have halted work on all Lakes is in service. night to make good her boast that in pleasure craft to build small craft for Like one of its greatest factories that a pinch you can depend on her.

KEEP AWAY FROM ClEVEIAND

(Continued from page 19) Cowles and his assistant were surprised side the door was a brown button torn her home, and attacked her in a garage. to discover, in cracks of the tongue-and- from an overcoat. Some time later she was walking with groove wooden floor, some grains of Cowles examined the pipe under a her father on the street when suddenly common oats, only a few. microscope. The lower side of the stem she clutched his arm. "Has there ever been oats in the was rough : the smoker had sharp lower "That's the man," she whispered. place?" he asked. teeth. But the upper side was smooth. The girl's identification was positive. The proprietors roared. No sir. No He reasoned that the owner had artificial The man had a wife and family, claimed horses around here! upper teeth, couldn't bear down on the he had never seen the girl before. The robbers evidently had taken the pipe stem because it would loosen his Fortunately, Cowles at the time of the goods out the back door. Had anyone in plate. Detectives now narrowed their crime had examined the clothes of the the neighborhood seen a truck there that curiosity to the cafe's customers who girl, had secured minute amounts of male Sunday morning? After some days the had dental plates. semen. These last for a long time, al- detectives found a man who had. Then One such person, Clarence Rost, had though not visible to the unaided eye. they questioned all concerns who rented left town on the night of the murder. He

Now, semen is classified in four groups trucks, traced those which had been had false uppers, it was said, and smoked which correspond exactly to the four used that Sunday, made sweepings from a pipe. A girl friend, establishing an alibi types of human blood. For example, you the floors of all of them. In one mess for Rost, told of going to the movies don't have Type A blood and Type B of sweepings they found oats. From the with him that evening. She had, in fact, semen. Only recently has this vital fact company's records they got the names of paid for the tickets and refreshments. been known in official places. To put it two men who had rented that truck. Rost's mother, that same night, had very simply: It is frequently possible to Arrested, the men were identified by the taken a message for him: that a share- show that a certain secretion does not Bergers. Police found much of the loot in expense auto trip to California was belong to a certain person, but it is not their possession, also some hemp bags starting the next morning. Rost had possible to prove that it does. used to carry off the stolen goods. They come home at midnight, had gone out Specimens of semen connected with had once been feed bags. Stray grains again, had come back at 2 a.m., packed the attack and specimens of blood from of oats, embedded in the folds and drop- his clothes, and left. Broke early in the the accused man indicated that he was ping here and there, were enough to evening, he now had funds to start for not guilty, in the opinion of medical bring two felons to justice. California. authorities, and he was released despite With these facts established, Cowles the protests of the girl's parents. SCENE, a Cleveland cafe. Time, at made sense out of some pin scratches on Some time later the real criminal was 1 a.m., the night of January 29, 1940. the bowl of the pipe, almost worn away. caught, confessed to this attack and An upstairs tenant heard scuffling below, a He could see them with ultra violet light. others. But for modern scientific crime scream, then silence. He called the police. They were, likely, a capital R and a last detection an innocent man might have George Blazie. bartender, was lying on letter /. been sent to prison, embittered for life, the floor—murdered as he counted the Cleveland police wired ahead and Rost his family broken up. night's receipts. He had been repeatedly was brought back to Cleveland. Con- struck on the head with a blackjack or fronted with the evidence he admitted MINNIE BERGFR and her husband, heavy weapon of some sort. On count- that the pipe was his. This placed him at paying a Sunday morning visit to ing the silver stacked near the cash reg- the scene of the murder. He had gone to their hat factory, were greeted by two ister and referring to slips of paper on the cafe, he said, for a loan. When men with pistols, who locked them in a which he had added up the money, $20 Blazie refused, there were words and small room. An hour later, when the was missing, most of it in quarters. Yet Blazie had struck him. In defending him- burglars' movements could no longer be the victim's pockets were untouched self Rost had killed him. heard, they stole back into the shop and and in his basement room was $200. Be- The prosecution, however, had an an- found that $2000 in hats and raw felt side the body lay a pipe and a glove; on swer. Detectives had located the man had disappeared. the floor was a cheap emerald ring; out- who'd driven Rost to California. He tes-

4« The AMERICAN! LEGION Magazine 1 —

tified that Rost had paid his share of their expenses, $20, in quarters. Exactly the amount stolen! Robbery—murder—and prison for life ... all for twenty dollars!

AMAN walked into a Cleveland pawn- . shop, borrowed money on a .45 automatic. It's not a bad plan to store a pistol until you need it. But Cowles has persuaded pawnbrokers to let him ex- amine all guns they receive. This gun's serial number had been filed off; ap- parently it was "hot." Criminals ought not to waste time removing numbers, because the scientific crime detective knows all the answers. When the number is punched at the fac- tory, the molecular structure of the steel undergoes changes far below the surface. By grinding and highly polishing the metal where the number was, and then treating it with an etching acid, the number reappears—for the acid eats away the softer metal faster than it does the metal hammered by the die. It happened that this pawned gun had been stolen from a naval officer whose home had been burglarized, so the police were ready for the man when he came to redeem it.

ANNABELLE PRICE, estranged from Out of the Night 1 x. her husband, returned home one day to get some clothes. Neighbors heard it is o'clock; in Detroit, two shots. When police came the woman TN LOS ANGELES eleven one; in was dead, with a round bullet hole in JL Schenectady it is two o'clock in the morning. her head. Lying unconscious near her In Los Angeles a young riveter moves a little faster down the was the husband, with a ragged wound row of rivets that stitches a gleaming airfoil. In Detroit a helmeted above his ear. A pistol lay between them, broken open. The man recovered. welder concentrates on the harsh arc that knits two pieces of steel The question was: Who shot whom? plate. In Schenectady a veteran machinist watches a little more Cowles was able to tell after examining intently the lathe tool that pares a precise 1/1000 of an inch from the bodies, the bullets, the gun. a 20-inch steel shaft. The bullet from the wife's head was rounded. pistol is fired, When a the hot Listen! You will hear them: staccato beat of rivet guns . . . lead bullet is soft, almost molten in the crackle of welding torches . . . harsh whisper of turning lathes. barrel. But it cools on its deadly errand The sounds of America working! when fired from a distance, and leaves a rounded wound in the flesh. Conversely, Look! You will see them: factory windows ablaze at night . . . the bullet extracted from the husband's long freights rolling by in the twilight . . . somewhere in New- mastoid bone was flattened. The wound foundland six bombers, motors idling, poised eastward on a runway was powder-blackened and irregular, in the gray dawn. The signs of America producing! proving the pistol had been close to the head. Many men, many places, three shifts. But one job— to make The second (and last) shell fired from America secure. the gun showed unusual concussion : the powder residue was heavy, the priming Different machines, making different things—bombers in Los cap had been forced out, the revolver Angeles, tanks in Detroit, generators in Schenectady. But behind had been broken. them all one universal force: electric power— turning lathes, joining Why? Well, a ballistic expert knows metals, providing a changeless, universal light. this may happen when explosive gases are prevented from leaving the barrel For more than 60 years electricity has been the power that makes for example, when the muzzle is pressed all work kin. In itself one of the major industries that have con- into human flesh. tributed so much to American life contributing now in its own If the wife had shot the husband, with — the gun held close to his head and the right to national defense—electricity is today vital to all the others pistol breaking in the act, she could not as they labor "all-out" in America's defense. General Electric then have shot herself with it. If you Company, Schenectady, N. Y. assume that the husband shot the wife, from a distance, and then pressed the revolver against his own skull, you have a situation in accord with the evidence. GENERAL ELECTRIC A jury sent the husband to prison.

AUGUST, 194 When Purchasing Products Please Mention The American Legion Magazine nelles campaign. Within the short space All of eight years Lord Fisher saw transi- They're Obsolete tion the frail Bleriot from craft of sticks and fabric on an epochal 31 -mile hop to the ominous roar of German Gothas (Continued from page 21) which engulfed his own beloved France, raining bombs on London operating human endurance with all the aids now one would seek far before finding a from German bases. known to science, for air combat. Pos- more accurate prophecy than that which At war's end the battling sea-dog sibly they are right, but some of us re- was made by Marshall Foch a few years septuagenarian predicted: "As the locusts call pronouncements in the early 1920's before his death. swarmed over Egypt, will aircraft by eminent aeronautic authorities that Said the late commander-in-chief of so swarm in the heavens, carrying the limit of practical speed in flying was the Allies in the World War: "The (some

of them ) inconceivable cargoes of 150 miles an hour. Such statements were military mind always imagines that the men and bombs, fast, slow; based on the premise that high flying next war will be on the same lines as some some some will act like battle cruisers, others as speeds inevitably entailed high landing the last. That has never been the case destroyers. All cheap (and this is the speeds, and that high landing speeds of- and never will be. One of the great gist of it), requiring fered too great hazards to crew and factors in the next war will obviously only a few men as the crew." passengers. The logic of such reasoning be aircraft. The potentialities of air- was perfect. It merely failed to foresee craft attack on a large scale are almost Lord Fisher's prophecy of twenty the development of flaps, aircraft brakes, incalculable, but it is clear that such years ago still is ahead of the present. which enable high speed planes to land attack, owing to its crushing moral The cost of aircraft is no longer cheap. slowly and safely. effect on a nation, may impress public Crews are increasing in size. His attend- In the field of aeronautical prophecy opinion to the point of disarming the ing statement that the air controls the the conservative is always at a dis- governments and thus becoming de- water, his advocacy of a completely sub- advantage. He who says a thing can't cisive." mersible navy, remains to be proved be done, or imposes limitations, risks The stormiest petrel of Britian's by decisive war events. Bases for a being quickly discredited in this era of modern Navy was Lord John Fisher, "locust swarm" are yet problems to be stream-lined science. The radical prophet generally hailed as the father of the solved. There remains another problem who does not place a time limit on his dreadnought. His retirement as First to be answered, dependable fuel supply prediction may deftly avoid an account- Sea Lord timed with the flight of Louis in both the British Isles and on the ing by merely saying "Just wait and see." Bleriot across the English channel in Continent. Happily those latter problems I have in mind the prophecy of a man 1909, portending the end of the security do not affect us though our vast instal- gradually whom America hailed, and all Europe as that rested in an island position. lations in new air bases are provided. well, as its greatest scientist of the Recalled to service at the outbreak being latter nineteenth and early twentieth of the World War, he was first the friend, Abandoning the field of prophecy, centuries. Simon Newcomb was elected then the foe, of Winston Churchill as a we may best judge the future by the to the Hall of Fame exactly 25 years result of disagreement over the Darda- past, with due appreciation that not only after his death— the minimum time in which that great honor may be bestowed. In 1908, a year before he died, Simon Newcomb wrote an article on "The Prospect of Aerial Navigation" in the

Nor tli American Review.

Weighing all the progress of airships and airplanes of that period, the eminent scientist considered the inclemency of the weather and the discomfort of motion through the air at a speed ap- proaching {approaching, mind you ) that of a railway train, stating. "We may well doubt whether any person will ever prefer flying to railway travel." He concluded: "The writer cannot see how anyone who carefully weighs all that he [Newcomb] has said can avoid the conclusion that the era when we shall take the flyer [airplane] as we now take the train belongs to dream- land."

When the wind is in the west some 250 well-loaded transport planes wing- ing in and out of LaGuardia Field i:i New York by night and day hum their rebuke above the niche where sits the bust of Simon Newcomb. On the other side of that school of mind, which in our boyhood days stoutly maintained that the automobile would never replace the horse, there New Canaan (Connecticut) Post recently presented Westbrook Pegler, has been fulfillment of some amaz- noted newspaper columnist, with a plaque for his outstanding American- ingly accurate predictions. ism work. Shown in the picture with Mr. Pegler are H. Everett Scofield, There have been other Cassandras for who was the Post's spokesman in presentation of the plaque, Col. Lemuel the air phase in the present war, but as Q. Stoopnagle, radio comedian and active Legionnaire, who was master of a complete prophecy of the tragedy ceremonies, and Post Commander Quincy Goss

The AMERICAN LEGION Magazine does the present find us in a stream-

lined era, but that air progress is now the favorite child of a spendthrift father—Mars. We were ten, we average Legionnaires, when the historic flight of the obscure bicycle repair brothers, the Wrights, LEGION gained an insignificant item in the press. For the next five years practical human flight was the talk of the madmen. Not until we were fifteen did we kids see flying demonstrated as a reality. CONVENTION We were in long pants and smoking our first forbidden "coffin nails" behind the barn when the exhibition era made means more than ever the names Beachey, Hoxie, Johnson, Graham-White new heroes to be wor- shipped. Do you recall the flight of Glenn Curtiss from Albany to New York in 1910? With two intermediate landings that Superman of our youth had flown 152 miles in the breath- taking elapsed time of four hours and 58 minutes.

The airplane was still a box-kite lack- ing any offensive armament when the World War burst upon us, as we reached manhood.

Tragically, America did not act on the rapid advances made abroad during the first two years and more of the war, as the unarmed kites of 1914 progressed to specialized types of greater speed and dependability, as pursuit planes, observation craft and bombers. Our declaration of war found our Army aviation a branch of the Signal Corps with 55 unarmed planes, 51 of which were pronounced by experts to be obsolete and the remaining four obso- lescent.

We failed to darken the skies of the Greyhound Western Front with American aircraft in the challenging phrase of our air means more to you effort. One reason was that European advisors kept changing specifications, preventing mass production. Not until in making the trip after the war did we have a possible understanding of motives why blue- The Legion has led the great movement for stronger prints were being constantly changed. Principal Greyhound National Defense—and now America is getting this safeguard! So the Convention in Milwaukee this Long after the Armistice there came to Information Offices: light a year, sparked by Uncle Sam's splendid new armed secret significant memoranda NEW YORK CITY • CLEVELAND, O. forces, will be the most important in history. from M. D'Aubigny, president of the PHILADELPHIA, PA.'CHICAGO, ILL aeronautical sub-committee of the French SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA o FORT We suggest you go by Greyhound Super-Coach, to WORTH, TEX. • MINNEAPOLIS, MINN. Army. Dated in April, 191 7, it advised see America truly en route, returning a different BOSTON, MASS.'WASHINGTON.D.C. French aides to the American air effort: scenic highway at no extra cost, saving plenty of DETROIT, MICH. • ST. LOUIS, MO. "It is necessary to take into dollars for good times at the Convention. account LEXINGTON, KY. 'CHARLESTON, W.VA. that the Today, they're saying about Greyhound . . . "It's war has given birth to a new in- CINCINNATI, OHIO • RICHMOND, VA. service to measure the Service." dustry for which, in the national interest, MEMPHIS, TENN • NEW ORLEANS, LA. made for men of we ought to reserve a vast market after the war by limiting in whatever measure possible the competition of foreigners." With the Armistice, ninety percent of our booming aircraft industry was liqui- O U N D dated overnight. GREYH On top of our own surplus of military craft it became necessary to invoke patent law pro- tection to prevent a flood here of sur- MAIL THIS FOR BOOKLET "AMAZING AMERICA" AND TRIP INFORMATION Send this coupon to nearest Greyhound Information Office, listed above, for fascinating booklet picturing and plus foreign aircraft—offered at one cent describing 140 amazing things and places in the U S. A. If you want rates and suggested routes to the Convention on the dollar. Congress, not understand- at Milwaukee, put check mark here ing the need of constant research and Name development to advance the perform- ance of planes, made niggardly appro- Address

AUGUST, 1 9 x 1 51 When Purchasing Products Please Mention The American Legion Magazine priations, on the theory that the war Lindberg's flight to Paris in 1927 hatched was air mail. Mail was being surplus should first be used up. There resuscitated America's dying aircraft flown between New York and Wash- was then approximately a ten-year industry through the sinews of finance. ington, with an intermediate stop at period when aeronautic development was Empty treasuries suddenly overflowed, Philadelphia, so long ago as the spring at a standstill in the Army. The Navy, enabling use of the last of surplus war of 191S. Neither its speed nor reliability however, brought forth the aircraft engines, the building of new aircraft. commended it in its pioneering stage. carriers, developing special types of But except for air transport, that civil- We may mark all real progress from planes for shipboard service, most not- ian boom to flying died with the stock 1926, when the air mail was farmed out ably conceiving the dive-bomber. Air market collapse. to private contractors. services of the United States were not America's air transport system was The World War took the airplane alone victims in this period of stagna- the envy of the world in extent, speed, from swaddling clothes to knee pants. tion. Our former Allies suffered the luxury, dependability when the Munich In that four-year period speed and ceil- same frustration. It was a complete crisis first aroused our people to the ing were generally doubled. paradox that the Treaty of Versailles, menace of war wings. American-built It is most comforting to think of

disarming Germany in the air and limit- transports literally webbed the world. flying as it may serve mankind when ing her new development to commercial Flivver planes had made our private the present madness ends. types of low horsepower, laid the found- flying incomparably the most extensive In commerce Europe will not be more ations for her present air superiority. At of any nation. But military aviation than ten hours distant, Asia less than the stroke of a pen Germany's war sur- was another story. The four-year-old a day and night journey. For sport and plus vanished. Alone among the belliger- G.H.Q. Air Force, measured in numbers new civil services the new airports which ents she had a clean slate, with the added of modernity of equipment ranked low. will dot our continent will hive limit- incentive of so designing her new planes To our great moral credit American air less flivvers, and air limousines. To the that refinements in design would com- leadership rested on wings of peace. swelling army of civilian pilots, retired pensate in speed and useful load for the The egg from which our marvelous war pilots will be added. We stand on limitations imposed in horsepower. leadership in air transport truly was the threshold of the air age.

TIIMDERBOX OFF AS/4

(Continued from page 17) "A very fine passenger steamer." I tried to get out there left Ceylon shortly Germany. Germany lost Tsingtao to the replied. afterward on 'important and permanent Japanese, supported by the British, dur- He smiled and nodded affirmatively. business abroad.' Where did you learn ing the World War. Tsingtao remained "You are not of course," he said, "a about the naval base." Japanese territory (ioi4-'22) until the naval constructor." Then he remarked: "From a Japanese intelligence officer

powers gave it back to China. "What I see is a ship designed and built in Shanghai," I replied. "He appeared Let us not forget either that what to be quickly converted into an aircraft to know all the details."

Hitler is doing in attacking Russia is carrier." I did, however, learn all that I wanted

not a new program. It is the same old Thereafter, during our strolls below to know in Ceylon about the secret naval Kaiser Wilhelm dream of a Greater Ger- deck, he pointed out to me the various base. It is at Trincomalee on the eastern man Empire, the historically familiar braces and gun emplacements and re- coast of the island. Trincomalee is a na- Mittel Europa, a German drive to the minded me that the Scharnhorst's speed ture-fortified harbor which, with mili- Near East (better known as the "Berlin- — 28 knots—is close to anything the tary installations begun by England in Bagdad Line," a German-controlled po- American Navy has built as an aircraft x 935i provides the British Empire with litical and economic system embracing carrier. key bases in the Indian Ocean—in this the Balkans, Turkey and the Mosul oil And how many other aircraft carriers war the Indian Ocean must also be fields, and productive German colonies Japan has built in her shipyards for viewed as the Pacific Ocean. The three in Africa and Asia.) German use in the Axis war in the Pa- strategical bases are those at Aden, at

Hitler is not wholly without naval cific is not wholly a secret from the in- the Indian Ocean exit of the Suez canal; power in the Pacific to help Japan. The telligence service of other governments. the Trincomalee base in Ceylon, and Schamliorst (the German passenger The Hitler drive into the Near East the widely advertised Singapore base. liner, not the German pocket-battleship was not as remote, and of no personal There are factors which have risen to which the British repeatedly bombed in interest to the United States, as the complicate America's defense in the Pa-

the French port of Brest ) tied herself map of the Mediterranean and the In- cific. At no point in known history has up in the Japanese port of Kobe when dian Ocean indicated. But the Far East the political and military situation of England and France declared war on knew, as an offset against Hitler in his the world changed so rapidly, and quite Germany. The Schamliorst did not put drive through the Near East toward the so fantastically. Only an impracticable in at Kobe by mere chance; she could Far East, about the secret British naval dreamer could foresee the Anti-Comin- have undertaken to run the gauntlet, as base which stands between Hitler and tern Pact Powers—Germany, Italy and did the Bremen from New York, to get any easy junction with Japanese forces. Japan—actually joining hands with Red into home waters. The "secret" naval base is a secret, how- Russia. But it came about and at once I made a voyage on the 30.000-ton ever, only to the general public, not to cast a shadow of menace darkly on our German liner Scliarnliorst and met on foreign powers. After taking a look at Pacific Problem. Then the political pic- board an officer, in mufti, of a foreign the formidable Singapore base I went on ture of the world changed overnight power. We strolled all about the vessel to the British colony-island of Ceylon, again in late June of this year when as he talked freely of his voyage being which, at the lower tip of India, lies Hitler declared war on Russia. merely that of "going to Ceylon to buy directly between the Indian Ocean outlet This did not lessen America's Problem tea." One day he took me to a spot on of the Suez Canal and Singapore. Arriv- in the Pacific. It only emphasized again deck where the wind would not carry ing in Ceylon, I asked a Colombo news- the belief of many military men that a our words to listening ears. paper man about the Ceylon naval base. World War is inevitable, for with Hitler "What have ,you seen aboard this "Sh-h!" he warned. "Nobody talks about once in possession of a football on the ship?" he asked. that here. A Colombo journalist who Indian Ocean he will be in a position to

5 -J The AMERICAN LEGION Magazine 1

materially help his friend Matsuoka. Indo-China), and joins the line again American military strategists have north of the Philippines. taken into consideration every possible Outside of the Japanese zig-zag line shifting of the balance of power in order the United States has, to the north, the not to be kept napping, knowing full base at Unalaska (Dutch Harbor), which well that Hitler provokes war where and is within plane-striking distance of when it serves his purpose. So we now Japan's Kurlie Islands; slightly north of find our once First Line of Defense, the Tokyo is the American base at Midway

Hawaiian Islands, our Last Line of De- Island, farther back, westward, is the fense, for we have flung our protective base at Hawaii. Then, southeast is Wake strategy for Pacific peace beyond the Island; at the extreme top of the Jap- Pacific and into the Indian Ocean. anese line are the Philippine Islands. are in process It is not so much that we Directly inside the Japanese line or circle is the American island of Guam, the fortifying of which Japan contended —and so convinced the American Con- gress—would be an "unfriendly act." Talk about anything by way of military, defensive precautions being an "un- friendly act" disappeared from American Congress vocabulary when objectives of the Rome-Berlin-Tokyo program became clear in the minds of citizens of the United States.

WHAT is our strategy in the Pa- cific? Due to the extended positions of our

forces a "hit-and-run" war is seen by numerous observers to be the more prac-

ticable method. While it is true that "That's place I wuz tellin' ya Japan has drawn about, Slug!" a cord around her own throat, it is not considered possible for the American forces to pull this noose of settling with Japan for all time this tight suddenly and strangle Japan's eco- long-smouldering feud in the Pacific but nomic and military system. Japan could we are settling too Hitler's designs on be permitted, by our naval strategists, the Pacific. American naval men used to slip naval units, raiders, aircraft car- frankly to admit that, except for Cor- riers and supply ships through our "iron regidor, the highly fortified island in wall"—but, and this is no deep military Manila Bay which rises, an impregnable secret, the American fleet arm thinks it rock, 650 feet out of the water, the city could keep them from getting back in- of Manila could be taken by the Japa- side again. nese within four days. American naval of America must not lean too men began qualifying that admission We heavily on an economic collapse of shortly after the Rome-Berlin-Tokyo Japan or even a sudden swoop of Pact came into being. Today, due to the American planes, which, with loads of "wall of iron'' that America has built incendiary bombs, would destroy the up around Japan, and which is in a industrial cities Nagasaki, sense the Great Wall of the Pacific and Japanese of Kobe, Osake Tokyo. These sup- as important at this period of history and cities" are as was the Great Wall of China in the posedly "bamboo not so easy to third century B. C., the possibility of destroy as some of our armchair tech- nicians have argued. Walking through Japan taking the city of Manila is con- sidered remote. the streets of Tokyo I saw that every six This Great Wall of the Pacific was blocks of the city are enclosed by con- not an overnight job. While our diplo- crete buildings, a firewall to prevent mats were soothing excitable and bel- flames spreading from the bamboo homes ligerent Japan with soft words—to the inside the concrete wall. The building annoyance of some Americans who were of this concrete-square idea was a strat- not conversant with what was going on egy adopted by Japanese architects in —our defense forces, the Japanese saw, 1923. after the disastrous earthquake and were driving nails in the Japanese mili- fire in Tokyo. These squares of concrete tary coffin. The line enclosing the Em- would be a fairly effective military wall pire of Japan and Mandated Areas ex- to keep under control fires started by tends from Korea northward, bisects the incendiary bombs of an attacker. I saw Russo-Japanese island of Sakhalin, wan- too that the Japanese were building sim- ders southwest to take in the Marshall ilar fire-defense walls in Osake, Kobe and Islands, runs south to the Pelew Islands, Nagasaki. north of the Philippines, cuts south to Starving out Japan is not going to be- embrace the conquered island of Hainan an altogether simple form of attack, MILLER BREWING COMPANY either. Within her Pacific Ocean circle (directly off Hanoi, French Indo-China), MILWAUKEE, WISCONSIN comes southward to enclose the Paracel Japan has plenty of food. From 1933 to 3-AL Islands (just north of Saigon, French 1939 Japan was practically self-support-

AUGUST, 194 53 When Purc sing Products Please Mention The American Leg ion Magazine )

ing in rice, importing less than one per- parachute troops. Getting close to Dairen it was, nowadays, only a "museum." He cent of her own requirements. During with an American aircraft carrier or gave me a number of booklets to prove 1940 she laid in surplus stocks of rice other surface naval units would be a it. These related that Japan, peacefully- totaling four billion pounds, and is now- hazardous military problem. But it could minded, had converted the arsenal into acquiring two billion additional pounds be done. a museum to show the world what a from China and French Indo-China. The Another important factor in the Pa- horrible thing war is. food line from Europe has been broken, cific Ocean crossword puzzle is Japan's But when I walked up to the Mukden temporarily at least, and until it is fully huge arsenal at Mukden, Manchoukuo. arsenal it was the strangest "museum" I restored Japan will doubtless move cau- Mukden is a railway junction city of have ever come across in my extensive tiously. 400.000 population and is sufficiently far travels. Smoke was belching from every Manchoukuo, from Dairen to Harbin inland, being half way between Dairen high chimney and long lines of trucks and along the Amur River, is itself a and Harbin, to be well out of range of were bringing out what I recognized as storehouse of food, especially abundant aerial attacks unless we do have a base boxes of cartridges and guns and other in production of the nutritious soy bean; on the Kurlies. Good highways and ex- military material. Japanese sentries were and Japan's principal diet is fish and soy cellent railway transportation connect at every gate to discourage "visitors to beans and rice. Mukden direct with Dairen. Mukden the museum." also is on the direct trans-Siberia rail- In Manchoukuo I visited too the The food value of the soy bean is still only dimly recognized in the United

States, yet it is an important factor in war. When the Germans captured a re- gion where I happened to be, on France's last line of defense, German soldiers showed me what looked like bars of chocolate but which, they told me, was a derivative of soy beans. They claimed a bar of this was sufficient food for a German soldier for four days if he lost contact with the field kitchen. In Shanghai I was served a complete meal of soy bean products by Dr. Muller of the Adventist Mission hospital staff. What I at first thought was chicken cut- let was imitation chicken made from soy bean mash; and what I thought was cow's milk had also been made from soy beans.

The stiffest factor in the "Problem of the Pacific" is going to be that of cut- ting Japan's line of food and military supplies coming out of Korea and Man- choukuo. Dairen, the principal port of Manchoukuo (actually Kwantung Leased Territory but also controled by Japan is an ice-free, all-year port well inside the protection of the Peninsula of Korea, which juts out from the Asia mainland and extends well on down toward Naga- saki. Nagasaki itself, by reason of its geographical location, is vulnerable to way (there's that German-Russian war Fushan coal mine, the biggest in the naval attacks, but Japanese supply ships again ) and connects with the Russian world. I di>coviTcd. however, that in- can cut around north of the tip of Korea section at Manchouli. The South Man- stead of mining coal for industry the and reach Kobe, an important harbor, churia Railroad has criss-crossed Man- coal was being converted, the greater almost unmolested. choukuo with feeder lines, all of which part of it, into oil for the Japanese navy. Getting inside this snug nest of sup- were explained to me in Dairen when I A Japanese official told me that Fushan plies is a problem to which our military talked with Yosuke Matsuoka while he could supply one-quarter of the navy's technicians have devoted considerable was President and General of that rail- oil needs. thought. Japan's Kurlie islands form a road, a Japanese-government owned rail- Axis pressure against the British in protective barrier from Siberia on down way into which a tremendous sum of Europe during the last few months has to Nagasaki. The United States does, money has been poured in recent years. left the United States all but alone in however, own the string of Aleutian The Mukden arsenal is capable of em- the Pacific, even the might of Australia Islands near the chain of the Kurlies. We ploying 30,000 men on a 24-hour basis. being bent toward Britain's War Effort. have a good harbor on the island of The Japanese Embassy at Hsinking, with But, if as I have pointed out, Japan Unalaska, thus making Japan's supply that candor and good will traveling enjoys certain strategic and geographical line from Dairen and Korea and (if Ger- writers so often find in Japanese officials, advantages, that is, food and military many should conquer Russia) Vladivos- told me that I could see anything I supplies from Manchoukuo, the United tok, vulnerable to attack by long-range wanted in Manchoukuo. So I said that States, thanks to our military techni- bombers. The coast line and islands in I wanted to see the arsenal that Chang cians, can keep our supply lines open for that sector are an almost impregnable Tso-lin, the "Old Marshal" of Manchuria needed Malay tin, and rubber from the stronghold for the Japanese and if we are built in 1025 and which was taken over, Netherlands East Indies. to carry out mass air attacks we must together with all of Manchuria, by the We enjoy another advantage, too. have an air base in Japan's Kurlie is- Japanese in 1032. The Official Spokes- Japan's preoccupation in China means lands; this wr ould call for an American man at the Embassy shrugged the ar- that she must keep a substantial part of expeditionary force, possibly trained senal out of the conversation. He said her navy allocated to guarding her sup-

54 The AMERICAN LEGION Magazine : ;! —

ply lines to China, for she cannot depend the moment Japan strikes to the South. to any great extent on production in Another advantage enjoyed by the China for either food or military supplies American forces is that Japan has kept ENCHANTING for her troops. the Kwantung-Japanese army of 250,000 Japan long has coveted the island of constantly in Manchoukuo, being chron- Borneo, the second largest island in the ically suspicious of Russia despite Malay archipelago and situated between Stalin's firm handshake. Cochin China and West Australia. Two- Some less optimistic observers pre- thirds of the island is included in the dict a ten-year war in the Pacific, on the Netherlands East Indies, the remainder basis of hit-and-run tactics until Japan being British; this third of the island has been defeated by a war of attrition, has a population of 890,000. The island a wearing down and cutting off of the is rich in oil, rubber, tobacco, coal, dia- Japanese empire and its military strength monds and gold. But the oil wells on piece by piece, bit by bit and with no Borneo have been mined since Japan's great loss to ourselves in manpower or invasion of China and can be blown up naval units. The Message Center

{Continued from page 2) look, and I came on a passage to this general effect: "It is inscribed among Board. He is a member of Aviators Post the earlier chronicles that in ancient of New York City. Thebes a sage, addressing one of his followers, said, 'My son, name for me Bursts and Duds each month we six quadrupeds peculiar to Ethiopa.' IN the disciple with prompt- carry an assortment of jokes, anec- Whereupon ness answered, 'Master, three water- incidents, " dotes and none of them guar- horses and three camelopards.' anteed as to age or crispness, but gen- erally speaking believed by whoever hap- SCOTLAND POST No. 2, The Amer- pens to be their current compiler to have ican Legion, sends along the follow- something of a smile in each. Of course ing carry-on note: they're not all bursts, but we hope that "On the 19th of last month the mem- few of them are duds, because for each bers of the above Post met in Glasgow one we use we pay a dollar. All stories for lunch and it was felt that this was are basically old. As Kipling put it rather an unique gathering in that our

Post is probably the smallest in the Le- When 'Omer smote 'is bloomin' lyre; gion, consisting of nine members who are He'd 'eard men sing by land and sea LEGIONNAIRES- drawn from a very large territory. One An' what he thought 'e might require, VISIT CANADA THIS SUMMER! 'E went an' took—the same as me of our members is in the far north, about four hundred miles from here, while On your way to the 1941 Convention Irvin S. Cobb, who would know more others are situated at distances of one —remember, there's a warm welcome funny stories than any living American, hundred and fifty to two hundred miles. waiting for you in La Province de tells in his autobiography {Exit Laugh- All our members were present with the Quebec, land of the French Cana- dian vacation. ing, published by Bobbs Merrill, which exception of the one man in the north, kept this typewriter-key-thumper up all and although we are such a small Post I Take time off to discover the beauties night with its of this Old World Province! Here, grand picture of the world assure you it was a most enthusiastic oxen toil in the fields . . . women of yesterday and today) tells how a Cor- gathering. Our membership includes one tend their outdoor stone bake-ovens nell University professor informed him a lady (Mrs. MacKenzie), who was an . . . and a hospitable people keep certain wheeze Cobb had used was at Army Nurse, and our oldest member the ways of long ago. Yet just around least as old as Josephus, who flourished (Dr. Whitehouse) is over eighty years the corner, La Province de Quebec at the beginning of the Christian era. of age. Wilfrid L. Hird, Commander." offers you a world as modern as to- Cobb goes on: Our hats are off to Commander Hird day, where beckon great hotels, city lights, theatres shops. and Scotland Post No. 2, which we trust and smart So I looked in Josephus' great tome 3,000.000 French Canadians welcome where the professor indicated I should is "still going strong." The Editors. you to the land of contrast where vacation dollars go farther! NO PASSPORTS REQUIRED LEGIONNAIRE CONTRIBUTORS TO THIS ISSUE BY U. S. CITIZENS

William Heaslip, 107th Infantry Post, New York City. For maps and descriptive literature, F. H. LaGuardia, Aviators Post. New York City. apply to your home travel agency, auto- J. W. ScHLAIKJER, Winner (South Dakota) Post. mobile club, Chamber of Commerce, Wendell L. Willkie, Summit Post, Akron, Ohio. railway, steamship or bus office, La Fred B. Barton, Summit Post, Akron, Ohio. Province de Quebec Tourist Bureau, 48 Thomas J. Malone, Theodor Petersen Post, Minneapolis, Minnesota. Rockefeller Plaza, New York, or write V. E. Pyles, 107lh Infantry Post, New York City. direct to Frederick C. Painton, William C. Morris Post. Fort Lauderdale. Florida. Henry J. O'Brien, Port Washington (New York) Post. Samuel Taylor Moore, Aviators Post, New York City. Herbert Morton Stoops, First Division Lieut. Jefferson Feigl Post, New York City. Ted Meredith, West Palm Beach (Florida) Post.

Conductors of regular departments of the magazine, all of whom are Legion- TO URIST BUREAU naires, are not listed. QUEBEC • CANADA

AUGUST, 1941 55 When Furchasing Products Please Mention The American Legion Magazine ready making them. Barrage balloons fly GOTTA HMlfil/BBf/iW WIN high, and carry no pilot. Observation bal- loons of course carry an observer or pilot both (Continued from page 111 lice, for gangsters not only shoot back and have been well used by our Army and Navy. which fold out of sight inside the wings but also scatter nails, so that a pursuing Blimps are coming into prominence when not in use, will support the plane car with ordinary tires can't continue the for use in shore-patrol work. The United until the pilot can be rescued. Life-rafts, chase. The police went for a tire with States knows how to make these ships. likewise made of rubber, are carried in self-sealing tube which seemed to thrive Moreover, because have the world's many planes and blimps; they inflate on nails and spikes and bullets. The we only substantial supply of helium gas, amazingly at the turn of a crank, or on Army tested this type of tire thoroughly which is almost as light as hydrogen and contact with the sea. which releases gas at Aberdeen, Maryland, and found that, is non-inflammable, any lighter-than-air under pressure, and form a rubber boat. although a 50-calibre bullet will puncture send doesn't to be Inflated food-rafts are used to drop sup- the tire and cause a slow leak, the tire equipment we up have afraid of fire. plies to distressed seamen. will heal itself when you start driving When you drop demolition bombs and Without tires made sturdier than ever on it. In other vords, these bullet-seal incendiary by the dozen into the before, these tremendously heavy war- bombs heart of any modern city, considerable planes could not land at the speeds they results. tense year before the do. So on some of the new super-bombers damage A war became close, the City of London you have tires running as large as eight brought in miles and miles of fire-hose. feet in diameter and weighing 976 pounds was to be used to fight fire. Even apiece. Even the smaller third tire on Some more held on hand to replace shat- such planes, in the rear or in front on was tered water-mains in a hurry to pipe the tricycle type landing-gear, weighs — emergency water supplies overground 300 pounds. and thus prevent sickness and even pes- It used to be a simple matter to de- stroy an enemy plane, merely by punc- tilence. military hospitals turing the gasoline tank. A tracer-bullet Both civilian and need lots of rubber when war comes. would ignite the gasoline; or even the Some sixty percent of all war wounds are drip-drip of raw gasoline on the hot ex- tires and tubes are practically non-stop- bone fractures, many of them deep and haust pipes would be enough to bring the pable, as long as the car is in motion. messy. The World War developed Da- plane down in flames. The new bullet- Gas-masks are a familiar symbol of kin's solution, which was sluiced through sealing gasoline tank ends that. A bullet modern war. Even though the Nazis have an open wound to effect a quick cure. goes right through, but the gasoline not yet used gas in this war—possibly be- That war also focused attention on the doesn't leak. A gummy layer of rubber cause fire has proved equally destructive method of using maggots, newly hatched flows into the gash and plugs the leak. and also carries slightly less opprobrium and sterile, to clean wounds and pro- You know about army tanks, and the with it — there is always the threat that healthy healing. You watch the new squad-cars which move four or five gas can be used, and when least ex- mote maggots through a transparent bandage, men over any kind of ground at 40 or pected. The Swedish government re which may be rubber or a new synthetic 45 miles an hour on rubber tracks, or a cently took delivery on 1,500,000 gas- with rubber-like qualities. The same type combination of half tracks and pneumatic masks, made over here, and of a new of transparent sheeting, waterproof like tires. And army trucks are nothing new, all-rubber type, molded to fit the fac?. rubber, will undoubtedly help the med- perhaps. But their equipment is new. In The United States Army is equally vigi- ical profession in its merciful work of the First World War only a few trucks lant. Millions upon millions of gas- healing, come another war. in all France had pneumatic tires. The masks have been made and tested for And of course there are the familiar others had solid rubber tires—almost for- every possible type of gas. Besides the hospital uses for rubber: surgeon's gotten today—or steel rims, like a farm- familiar canvas-and-rubber face-piece, or gloves, water-bottles and ice-packs, wagon. The tires of synthetic rubber the newer all-rubber type, you now can catheters, rubber sheeting for the sick- then available on a few passenger cars buy U. S. Patent 2,238,492, called a room and now new latex foam mat- had to be jacked up every night, or the "non-terrifying" gas-mask. The new non- — tresses for army hospitals and ambu- tires would splay awkwardly, leaving the terrifier has a transparent face-piece, in- lances. tire unshapely. stead of the huge ogling eye-panes and, Rubber washbowls are a familiar ar- But today's army trucks, at least in besides being less liable to fog, gives a ticle in any army camp. A new collapsi- the U. S. Arm}-, have pneumatic tires. wider angle of vision —and also is less of rubberized fabric for The figures are impressive. When the frightening to the children! ble darkroom army photographers provides working emergency developed in 1940 we had Today's civilians engage in modern is sheltered from the light 14,000 trucks. By the spring of this year war, even when they stay home and go space which folds away quickly and com- we had 140,000 trucks. By the end of quietly about their business. Rubberized and yet pact ly. 1941 the Army will have 250.000 trucks. suits for fire-fighters—de-contamination to complete the story, the Army And our men will know how to use them suits for the squads that purge a build- And has just ordered rubber heels for a mil- and how to service them, too! Recent ing of the traces of gas—warm rubber pairs of shoes. weeks have seen detachments of army footwear for men who guard building lion men at the various tire factories, learn- roofs during air-raids—rubber cushions ing how to patch tires and how to and mattresses for those forced to sleep THE Navy makes bountiful use of change a tire—blindfolded. As a cavalry in air-raid shelters—these are some of rubber—rubber deck-cleats, for safer troops needs a stableman and veteri- the items by which rubber is helping footing; rubber expansion-joints on bat- narian, so mounted cavalry needs its own alleviate some of the discomfort and the tle-ships; acid-proof rubber linings to service department. These trucks get danger to life in today's war. protect battery-room compartments of rough use! Barrage balloons, that float aloft a submarines; rubber diving-suits; and of More and more of these tires are bul- mile or more high to trip up enemy air- course rubber insulation for the many let-proof, especially on all combat cars. planes in flight and crash pilot and plane miles of telephone and signal and light These puncture-proof and gun-proof to the ground, are a new development of wires on any U. S. fighting-ship. tires have proved popular on difficult defensive war. But they call for no new Incidentally, the Navy is taking kindly assignments, particularly with the po- manufacturing genius; in fact, we're al- to a new synthetic elastic which is as ef-

56 The AMERICAN LEGION Magazine — fective an insulation as real rubber, and explosions have taken place because of a in some ways even better. Rubber burns. something called static electricity. For NOT A CHOO-CHOO, JUNIOR. The Navy prefers an insulating sub- instance, if a gasoline truck didn't drag stance which will not support flame. So that bit of metal chain behind it to sluice JUST A CAR THAT NEEDS SANI- developed by rubber the static electricity into the ground, the a new material FLUSH IN THE RADIATOR chemists, a thermo-plastic made of coke, friction caused by the gasoline sloshing limestone, air and salt, has most of the around inside the tank would make properties of rubber and, while it will sparks enough to explode the whole singe, it will not support flame. tankful. Another new development in rubber is Fires and explosions caused by static interesting the Navy. That is a new electricity have been so widely feared form of rubber which is twice as light that gun-crews and powder-handlers on as cork. Called cellular rubber, this item battle-ships have at times been required is comprised of cells completely walled to work in bare feet or stocking feet. off from each other, each cell containing The same problem exists in coast guard a tiny bubble of gas. Cellular rubber stations and all shell-loading plants and promises to make better life-saving arsenals. jackets and life-belts, and might even be Comes now an entirely new develop- useful in helping to build pontoon ment in rubber, called conductive rubber. bridges. By adding certain chemicals during the Other uses of cellular rubber are to mixing process, science can now produce insulate the under-surface of the steel a type of rubber which will conduct decks of mosquito-type torpedo-boats, electricity. In other words, you can now and in other places where light weight buy and wear special conductive rubber plus resistance to heat, moisture, oil, shoes which, instead of storing up static acid, fire and vermin is important. electricity until it reaches dangerous

Another new kind of rubber is now quantities, will quietly ooze this elec- radiator^ going into the big searchlights of the tricity into the ground—and all is safe. K clogged ^ U. S. Coast Guard. This new rubber Conductive rubber promises to be a won't tarnish the polished silver reflec- godsend and a literal life-saver in the regu^ tor, as ordinary rubber would. It fits powder magazines of ships, as covers for Radiators f 1 oi factor.) tighter than ordinary rubber or cork; the sewing-machine tables in powder wSt* ^true* or largestf e ;, ie haV keeps out the weather perfectly, so that plants (where the gunpowder is sewed the lamp doesn't steam or fog and so into tight silk bags); for conveyor belts star 0n vour service t doesn't have to be taken apart so often on smokeless-powder mixing-machines, lm't alurni- Ser SfharrnCa Lni-FVusfc- It's used for cleaning. This special rubber was for gasoline dispensing hose, and for heads.^ flds cylinder ci ing developed and tested in the sealed-beam transmission belts in rooms where shells nuu 1 bathrooms for headlights of your automobile. are tested and other rooms where explo- bowls. IA>*" drug, I nit tolle by sive mixtures are made. Shoes of con- ; sold P^Vtfc stores. you think of rubber you ductive rubber will also help prevent eS^ WHEN and25csrZ OWo. instinctively value it for its in- explosions in airplane hangars, where the 10C <~ ton Products Co., sulating qualities. Every telephone line- high-octane aviation gasoline is so hun- man and power-house repairman wears gry for a spark. Similar shoes of conduc- thick rubber gloves, rubber footwear, tive rubber for hospital surgeons and OUT R**>'*' and wraps extra insulation around his nurses will go far to prevent the occa- CLEANS steel pliers. Only by the help of rubber sional explosion of ether which some- can they "finger death at their gloves' times happens even while the patient is end where they piece and repiece the on the operating table. living wires," as Kipling said in "The Thus in a broad forward move does Sons of Martha." science conspire to use rubber to make But plenty of accidents and fires and rubber both more deadly and at the STOPPED In A Jiffy Relieve itching of eczema, pimples, athlete's foot, scales, scabies, rashes and other skin troubles. Use cooling antiseptic D.D.D. Prescription. Grease- irritation and YOUR LATEST ADDRESS? less, stainless. Soothes stops itching quickly. 35c crial bottle proves it—or money back. Ask your Is the address to which this copy of THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE was druggist today for D.D.D. Prescription. mailed correct for all near future issues? If not, fill in this coupon and mail to THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE, 777 No. Meridian St., Indianapolis, Ind.

Until further notice, my mailing address for The American Legion Magazine is new address Free for Asthma Name . (PLEASE PRINT) During Summer If you suffer with those terrible attacks of Street Address. Asthma when it is hot and sultry: if heat, dust and general mugginess make you wheeze and choke as if each gasp for breath was the very last; if restful sleep is impossible because of the City . State. struggle to breathe; if vou feel the disease is slowlv wearing your life away, don't fail to send 1941 membership card number. at once to the Frontier Asthma Co. for a free trial of a remarkable method. No matter where vou live or whether you have any faith in any Post No. .Dept.. remedy under the Sun. send for this free trial. If OLD ADDRESS you have suffered for a life-time and tried every- thing you could learn of without relief; even if Street Address. you are utterly discouraged, do not abandon hope but send today for this free trial. It will cost you nothing. Address City .State. Frontier \.stlini:i to. lN.'i-H Frontier Hli Niagara St., llunnlo, V ^

AUGUST, 194.1 57 When Purchasing Products Please Mention The American Liegion Magazine !

same time more merciful. Or at least, to formula —CEL. That much the chemists quantities of reclaimed rubber, obtained fix things so that the "accidents" all hap- have known for many years. But pro- from boiling down old tires; and while pen to the other fellow, and not to our ducing rubber synthetically was a prob- it's better than no rubber at all—better own brave men in uniform. lem that only recently has been solved. indeed than what most countries of Eu- The pictures show some of the star- Every sizable rubber company in this rope have in the way of rubber at the tling new uses of rubber in today's mili- country has maintained a research labo- moment—still it won't hold up like new tary life. ratory for years, to find new uses for rubber. And where, you may ask, is all this rubber and thus open new markets, to Already one large tire company has rubber coming from—this in addition to break down and analyze competitors' asked the public to give up white side- the 300-odd parts of rubber used to tires in comparison with their own and wall tires. The reason is that white side- silence and improve today's motor-car. thus make increasingly better tires, and walls require two pounds additional rub- the rubber used to silence rattles and to learn new things about rubber. These ber per tire. And that is a needless luxury

road-hum and keep out the dirt from our 1 lii-mists have found how to take mate- for wartime. trains and trolleys and automobiles? rials with a basic formula something like The newspapers and magazines will How supply an army and a navy that that of rubber, and by re-arranging the keep you posted as to other changes, for are rubber-hungry and still provide new molecules and adding new ones, have rubber has become front-page news. tires for the Old Man, and rubber-pants given us synthetic rubber every bit as for Baby? good as what Mother Nature makes out MEANWHILE, watch where you Well, brother, don't be surprised if you of the rain and the soil of the ground. park your car. Keep your garage are asked to employ a little home in- Goodyear, B. F. Goodrich, Firestone, locked at night. Out-smart any prow-ler genuity for the duration. The sad truth and United States Rubber Company who might attempt to make away with is that there isn't enough rubber in hand have, or are now setting up, plants to your tires. It may be difficult to buy to go around. And the Army and Navy produce several tons of synthetic rubber others nearly as good, for some time to come first. a day. Now Jesse Jones, as head of the come. Already Secretary Ickes has been talk- Reconstruction Finance Corporation, is You might also hang out the hot-water ing deeply about reviving gasless Sundays allotting Federal funds to build govern- bottle to dry, after each use, and dust a —those relics of the 191 8 war. Already ment-sponsored pilot plants where man- little talcum down inside, to prevent the the manufacturers of rubber products are made rubber can be produced. There moist surfaces from sticking together. being allotted a dwindling supply. Most will be four of these plants, and the Any little thing you can do to make the of the rubber in this world grows in spirit of healthy competition will con- nation's present supplies of rubber last Sumatra and Java, about 9.000 miles tinue to work to improve methods and a little longer will help our country's de- from our shores. There's still plenty of produce a lower-priced product. fense. And do it cheerfully, brother, be- it there, but getting it safely home is a But it takes some months to build a cause—like it or not—some of us are terrific problem in war times. plant and tool it and train workmen. plain old-fashioned civilians this time.

Of course different people have given Meanwhile the situation might become And the Army and Navy get first call considerable thought to the problem acute. Don't be surprised therefore if when it comes to rubber for carrying on Each of the country's leading rubber the Office of Production Management this defense program. companies has done what extra buying it drops some rather forceful hints to the Editor's Note.—The pictures used to could, for months past. Each has its own effect that you'd better manage to make illustrate this article were furnished by precious reserve. The Federal Govern- those tires do—by driving more slowly, cooperation of American rubber manu- ment had stocked up. as of May 1st. with and by staying home on Sundays! Don't facturers, as follows: page 10, airplane 177.856 tons of crude rubber, which is be surprised if some standard items, such tire and tank, Firestone; self-sealing gas being held for a rainy day. But even as electric-light cord, and maybe even tank. U. S. Rubber Co.; barrage blimp, these huge reserves, while representing hot-water bottles, become more difficult Goodyear; page n, tank tread, Good- many millions of dollars, would not last to get, or don't hold up as long as sim- year; non-terrifying gas mask and de- long if our supply-line were cut. ilar items used to. The rubber manu- icer equipment. Goodrich; puncture- American interests have 75,000 acres facturers may have to use increasing proof tires, Seiberling. of rubber plantation in Liberia, and about half of that is now in production. But even so, you have an ocean to cross.

RUBBER can be obtained from a - desert weed named Guayule. and small amounts have been grown for several years. Unlike rubber trees, where you tap the sap, Guayule is uprooted and shredded and the rubber squeezed out of the wood. You plant it from its own seed, which is as fine as lawn-seed and lasts indefinitely.

Guayule yields more rubber if you give it time. People who know, however, tell me that if the Government starts imme- diately with sizable plantings of this na- tive weed, inside of eight months you'd have considerable rubber, at a cost of 57 cents a pound. Given a year, the price should drop to thirty cents; given two years, to twenty cents. Imported rubber costs today 23 cents a pound. Its price has fluctuated from 3 cents to $1.20 a pound within recent years.

Rubber is a colloid, with a chemical

58 1 i ,

Why make me suffer from

(Continued from page 33) Publicity Chairman Alfred A. Simon more than thirty-two thousand. Union says in his letter: "It looks like there is V boss.. veterans in that State have been reduced not going to be an American Legion soft- to a bare sixteen, four of whom still ball league this year. Navy Post lost one retain membership in the G. A. R., keep- of its best men when Lieutenant Com- ing two Posts alive with two members mander Charles La Barge was called to -when you could each. The 1941 Encampment was held active duty and assigned to a destroyer give me such with two of the four members present in the Pacific." quick reiief —perhaps the last one that will be held. with PULVEX Sic transit gloria mundi. Alabama heads As Grand Army Posts pass out of Use quick-kill, borated Pulvcx Flea Powder and existence, Posts of The American Legion Department of Alabama will THE ina short time your llea- are frequently designated as custodians lead the Big Parade at the National bitten pet will find life worth living again.

tormented of fleas quick ! For fleas of the records, relics and property of the Convention at Milwaukee on September Rid your dog may also give h.m tapeworms, heartworms. At recently, at San elder organization. Just 1 6th—a position of honor won by its first sign of scratching, u .e Pulvex, the (lea pow- dusted all Diego, California, when the membership achievement in taking top place in mem- der with the 4-in-l formula. Pulvex, over (1) actually kills all the fleas; none revive to of Datus E. Post, Grand Army of the previous Coon bership enrollment based on reinfest; (2) quickly helps soothe irritations from, the Republic, had been reduced almost four years' average as of May 1st. On scratching; (3) prevents reinfesta- tions for several days; (4) kills any to the point of extinction, its ninety-five- stood at the head of that date Alabama ticks.lice which also may be present. year-old Commander, Comrade Arthur the four-year average list with a per- To give their flea-bitten dogs these 4 all-important benefits, over 3,000,- E. Vest, turned to San Diego Post to centage of 1 21.17, w'ith Arkansas trend- 000 owners formerly paid 50c for care for the records and charter. A ing close behind with 119.06. Texas fol- Pulvex. Now available at 25c. At memorable meeting was held in the War lowed with 118.05; then came Georgia all drug, pet, and department stores. Memorial Building when the presenta- and North Carolina. That's an all-Sout>.- tion was made by Commander Vest to ern team. Past Commander P. A. Whitacre, who In checking over Alabama's report an had been designated to receive the interesting story about its Department records for San Diego Post. Membership Chairman came to light. On

May 9, 191 7, Alex O. Taylor, an engi- Chairs for Clergy neering student at Alabama Polytechnic Institute at Auburn, left college and re- LEGIONNAIRE Alvin E. Teichart, ported to the First Officers Training j Evangelical Camp at Atlanta, Georgia. Almost to the pastor of St. Matthew's ells how best to raise, housebreak puppies; Lutheran Church of Crafton, Pennsyl- day, twenty-four years later, May 7, train, how to give indoor dogs pep, longer life. vania, served Frank R. Kirk Post for 1 94 1, Major Alex 0. Taylor, Director more Money-saving diets. Etc. Chaplain. Late in May Engineering Extension at the same col- eleven years as its Or Write William Cooper & Nephews, Inc. Chicago a new stone church building was dedi- lege, left the same school and reported to Dept. 18. 1921 Chiton Ave., cated and as a tribute to Chaplain the Atlanta Municipal Airport as officer Teichart his Post presented the new in charge of construction to convert it church with two pulpit chairs for the into a military airport. But he retained r—WANTED—MEN— his as Vice of the De- clergy, each marked with a suitable tab- post Commander to cast Christmas Goods, 3 and 10c Novelties, in any time Legionnaire Mur- partment of Alabama and Chairman of Toy Autos, Ash-trays, etc. Can he done let. At the same spare room, basement or parage and no experi- ray Crissman presented two flags for its Membership Committee. ence necessary. A rare opportunity to devote spare or full time to profitable work. Write church use—Old Glory and the Church Dept. 9. flag. On June 1st Chaplain Teichart was Art Show METAL CAST PRODUCTS CO. called back into service, for duty at Fort 1696 Boston Road New York City Moultrie, South Carolina. During the IN COLLABORATION with Bangor World War he served with Ambulance (Pennsylvania) High School and the RAILWA_. Unit 529 in Italy. Slate Belt Artists' Guild, Emlyn H. Evans Post of Bangor has for the past St. Louis Softball five seasons put on an elaborate art ex- hibition. Paintings are submitted by LEGIONNAIRES in St. Louis regard school children in the area and by adult J their softball league games as one of artists, and during the years the exhibi- the important sports events of the year, tions have been held some famous names and an intense rivalry has been worked have been linked with the art move- up between the crack teams. Navy Post ment. team won the city championship four Among them are Cullen Yates, Na- years in a row—then there was confusion tional Academy; Hobson Pittman, Penn START about the 1940 winner. Navy Post State College; Walter Emerson Baum, claimed the championship for its fifth Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts, $1260 to $2100 Year Ex-Servicc Men straight; a dispute arose and St. Louis and this year, George Biddle, American get preference ' FRANKLIN INSTITUTE * Dent. A 181. Rochester. N. Y. Fire Post called the Legionnaire B. Department was Art Associates. Peter Exempt from O Gentlemen' Hush FREE list of V. age limits. s. Government i> k pay positions. winner by some authorities, and that Mendler, an artist in his own right, is * bunk describing Many appoint- Send FKKK 32-pase ^ salaries, hours, work and tellinK claim reported in Keeping Step for the officer between the Legion ments being was liaison q about preference to Ex-Service men. made yearly. January. Now the matter has been offi- and the art groups. J Mail Coupon Name cially settled—Navy Post gets the cup. The Post home is especially suited for today. / Address

AUGUST, 194 =0 When Purchasing Products Please Mention The American Legion Magazine an exhibition of the kind attempted its law, particularly that section relating Treasurer, William E. Hoar, bowled a and each year more than twelve hundred to mutual helpfulness," writes Dr. Moses perfect 300 game. He is the ninth in the visitors are attracted to the show. A Holtz, Publicity Officer. "Recently when forty-one years of the tournament to medal award is made to the pupil whose Comrade Irwin Borncamp was stricken bowl a perfect game, and is the first painting is adjudged best of those ex- with Buergers disease it was reported to Chicago bowler to make the top record. hibited. the Post that he was in need of a special Comrade Hoar has served as Treasurer

apparatus to assist the flow of blood to of Forges Post for six years. . . . Citizenship Day the affected parts. Within half an hour Thirty-five members of Needham (Mas- after the report had been made, a spe- sachusetts) Post, says Post Historian DEMOCRACY and Christianity cial committee reported and an order Wilbur G. Rugen, turned out for three march hand in hand. Circuit Judge was given for the purchase of a rhythmic days' service during the spring aircraft A. Clay Williams of Pittsfield. Illinois, constrictor. The machine was purchased warning test. They built a very substan- told more than twenty-five hundred peo- and put in use the next day and has tial house on top of a sixty-foot steel ple who had gathered in Quincy, Illinois, been used since, much to the satisfaction observation tower located on a hill nearly Stadium to attend Citizenship Recogni- of the patient. In other ways our Post five hundred feet above sea level, and tion day ceremonies sponsored by Hill- carries on its service program ; Service for the three days had a first-line place

Emery Post, The American Legion, in Officer Calvin Hildreth has distributed for observation purposes. . . . Com- honor of new citizens of the past year. more than five thousand packages of cig- mander Homer W. Hurlburt of La Mesa The observance was part of a nation- arettes and candy to departing draftees." (California) Post says that Legionnaire wide celebration of "I Am An American Jack McDaniel, of his Post, was recently Day," planned especially for young peo- Shorts and Overs reunited with his old war horse, "Old ple who became twenty-one years of age Buck," now thirty-three years old and during the past twelve months, and also IEGIONNAIRE Joseph B. Milgram of still in service with the nth Cavalry at for newly-naturalized citizens. Sergeant Joyce Kilmer Post, Brook- Morena, California. "Old Buck" is the The third annual observance of New lyn, New York, gave the Brooklyn Pub- horse Legionnaire McDaniel rode on bor- 8 Citizens' Day at Wellsburg, West Vir- lic Library a complete file of The Amer- der patrol with the nth in 191 —twen- ginia, says Legionnaire George S. Larri- ican Legion Magazine. That's a good ty-three years ago. . . . Lewis J. Blodget more, found the largest audience ever to idea for others who wish to dispose of Post of Folsom, California, is sponsoring attend the event. The affair is sponsored their accumulated magazines; the li- a $1,500 "Home Defense" pistol and annually by Wellsburg Post and Emrys braries are always glad to have them. . . . rifle tournament in connection with, and Watkins Post in the nearby town of Rotterdam Post of Schenectady. New as a programmed feature of, the Cali- Follansbee. The principal speaker was York, recently held a big meeting to fornia Department Convention at Sacra- Phil Conley of Charleston. Past Na- celebrate the burning of the mortgage mento. The event will be held August tional Vice Commander and ten-year on their Post home. "Organized in 1933, 10th on the ranges of the Folsom State member of the Legion's Publications the fifth of six Posts in the county, we Prison and though it incorporates the Commission. are the first one to own our own home," regular Department Convention shoot

writes William F. Kieft, Adjutant. . . . for Legionnaires, it will be open to the Helps Stricken Comrade Commander Peder M. Ness of Forges public. A grand prize of $750 has been Post, Chicago, Illinois, reports that at arranged for, with a wide range of other

MEMORIAL Post of Rochester, the recent A. B. C. tournament held at prizes. . . New York, takes the Preamble as Minneapolis, Minnesota, the Post's Boyd B. Stutler

(Continued from page 37) for our division, 3d French Division, would be a Protestant church service on part in the Somme Defensive and Offen- during the war although I did not know board ship at eleven o'clock, but that the sive from April until August, 191 8. we him then. Catholics would be excused to go ashore had one of our first-aid posts in the "Sourdon is again in the hands of the to worship at the Cathedral in Brest. He ruined town of Sourdon in the Somme, Germans and I wonder if the new church then asked all Catholics to line up to go from where we evacuated wounded to a is still standing or in ruins. To date I ashore and you can imagine his surprise field hospital a few miles to the rear of have been unable to get any replies to when practically every soldier stepped the lines. Sourdon was about two hun- my recent letters to the Mayor of Sour- forward! dred yards back from the lines and was don, whose name is Monsieur A. Fla- "We marched up to the Cathedral, more or less under constant shell-fire. In ment. Enclosed are several letters from went in one door and some immediately

Sourdon were the ruins of a typical small the 'Maire' himself. I wonder if any marched out another door, and then French church of which we used the Legionnaires who may still be in the spent most of the day wandering about steeple as a lookout during quiet periods. occupied part of France could give me town, visiting the cafes and eating our

I took a snapshot of the church as it ap- any information about M. Flament. fill of 'bif-steaks,' eggs, French-fried po- peared during those hectic days of the "I enlisted at Allentown, Pennsyl- tatoes and, of course, drinking wine. At summer of 191 8. The postcard view of vania, where I played on the football night we returned to the Pastores and the church as it appeared before its par- team, and then went overseas as a casual, nothing was said of our being A. W. 0. tial destruction by shell-fire was found sailing from Hoboken on the Pastores on L. No doubt they realized we needed by me among the ruins of the town. December 26, 191 7. We landed at Brest, some diversion after being aboard ship "The third view shows the new church after taking a southern course, on Jan- for about two weeks. that was built on the same site a few uary 10. 1 91 8, and while awaiting trans- "I joined S. S. U. 634 at Rarecourt years after the war. I obtained this last portation to a base camp we had to stay near the Argonne Forest on January 22, picture by writing to the Mayor of the aboard ship for three days. The second [918 and immediately started to drive an town during 1939—almost twenty-two day was a Sunday and the commanding ambulance and at that time we were years later. A strange thing was that the officer called together the three hundred attached to the 3d French Division. We Mayor had been the official mail carrier soldiers aboard and announced that there also were with the 53d French Division.

60 The AMERICAN LEGION Magazine 1

"Once while in Paris on leave, I at- when he saw the set -up. I was off duty, IIHE tended a boxing show with Lieutenant so I took the picture. BEST DEFENSE Lewis of S. S. U. 572 where we saw "As Christine L. Brown of Stapleton, AGAINST Gene Tunney, who was then just a good Staten Island, New York, I trained at mm boxer, fight. After the bout, Lieutenant Sydenham Hospital in New York City Lewis, who knew Gene, suggested that and enlisted there in the Army Nurse OH!™*! we take him back to his barracks in the Corps. I served with Base Hospital 69 at \3 lieutenant's staff Ford car. So we picked Savenay, France. Gene up and started out. While passing "My brother, Clayton Brown, went down the Rue Roy ale we had a flat tire over with the 27th Division and when I and Gene helped us change the tire, learned he had been reported missing, I which was of the old clincher type and put this ad in the Paris edition of the quite a job to change. I have often won- New York Herald during December,

1 9 1 8 : 'Pvt. Clayton Brown, 106th M. G. Bn., 27th Div.—News of same is re- ARMY TWILL quested by his sister, Christine Brown, Army Nurse Corps, Base Hosp. 69, Save- UNIFORMS... SPORT and WORK CLOTHES nay Center, A. P.O. 701.' Lieutenant LOOK TOR WIS LABEL |f Randall of Ticonderoga, New York, of

the same Division, answered my request <»A.»f million yards already iff R C E V E S

9 S old to S. All SANFORIZED' in detail and I wrote to my brother. the U. Army. qoods bearinq this label I made TOto gGOVERNMENT 3 3 specific brother . , ... . ! "My came to Savenay two meet Army Specifications t,... days before Christmas on a seven-day Glengarrie Poplin for matching shirts — a SANFORIZED' Fabric in a wide range of colors pass, and ran across a cousin of ours, Robert Davidson of Howe, Indiana, whom I didn't know. Captain Glazier, REEVES BROS., INC.i cousin's commanding officer in my the 54 Worth Street, New York City 309th Engineers, 84th (Lincoln) Divi- Four stalwart brothers named sion, had my cousin, my brother and my- Withers, of Providence, Kentucky, self as his guests for Christmas dinner in served their country in the World Savenay. It happened this way: My su- WAKE UP YOUR War perintendent wouldn't permit me to have Christmas dinner with my cousin and LIVER BILE- brother because they weren't officers. Without Calomel You'll dered if the former World's Heavy- When Captain Glazier heard about it, he —And Jump Out of weight Champion remembers that occa- said, 'Oh, yes? Well, you all come and Bed in the Morning Rarin' to Go The liver should pour 2 pints of bile juice into sion. I would like to hear from him and have dinner with me. let her Now come your bowels every day. If this bile is not flowing !' from my old comrades of S. S. U. 634." up and find fault freely, your food may not digest. It may just de- cay in the bowels. Then gas bloats up your stom- "I am a member of Edith Work Ayers ach. You get constipated. You feel sour, sunk and the world looks punk. dodging? No, this depart- Post of the Legion, ex- DETAIL composed of It takes those good, old Carter's Little Liver ment would call it first-rate in- nurses only, here in Cleveland." Pills to get these 2 pints of bile flowing freely to make you feel "up and up." Get a package today. genuity—we're referring to the snapshot Take as directed. Amazing in making bile flow free- ly. Ask for Carter's Little Liver Pills. and 25c". of the pint-sized donkey hitched to a APHANK. Does that have a familiar 10

Mrs. Swain, the picture was taken in the old camp has been revived and is 1 91 8 at Fort McHenry, Maryland, be- humming with selectees from the metro- MANY NEVER fore she went overseas to Savenay. politan area who are introduced to army "Mrs. Swain would like to learn the life there for a short period before being identity and CAUSE subsequent history this SUSPECT of assigned to organizations in other army soldier." posts. We wrote to Mrs. Swain for more Through Finance Officer Willam H. OF BACKACHES details and for information about her Dey of Montclair (New Jersey) Post we This Old Treatment Often Brings Happy Relief service and this is what she added: can enjoy a flashback to Camp Upton Many sufferers relieve nagging backache quickly, "That snapshot was taken at Fort Mc- days through the picture of a platoon of once they discover that the real cause of their trouble may be tired kidneys. ... Henry in 1 91 8 just before I went across. rookies being put through their paces in The kidneys are Nature's chief way of taking the acids and waste out of the blood. They help I don't remember the soldier's name but 1918 one of which group, like thou- excess — most people pass about 3 pints a day. I do the incident. He was assigned to sands of other veterans, has since risen When disorder of kidney function permits poison- ous matter to remain in your blood, it may cause nag- sanitary detail as a punishment. He took to a high place in our economic life. But ging backache, rheumatic pains, leg pains, loss of pep and energy, getting up nights, swelling, puffiness his orders with a smile as he was a good- we'll let Comrade Dey tell the story: under the eves, headaches and dizziness. Frequent or some- natured lad about nineteen years old. So "The enclosed postcard picture may be scanty pass'ages with smarting and burning times shows there is something wrong with your down to the stable he goes, gets an army of interest to the Then and Now Gang. bladder. kidneys or t Don't wait! Ask your druggist for Doan s Pills, mule, hitches it to a mowing-machine The arrow points to John E. Paul who used successfully by millions for over 40 years. They and went to work, whistling. Even the later became Sergeant Major in charge give happy relief and will help the 15 miles of kidney tubes Hush out poisonous waste from your blood. Get colonel couldn't keep a straight face of the enlisted detail of G-2 of the 77th Doan's Tills.

AUGUST, 194 6i When Purchasing Products Please Mention The American Legion Magazine —! :

Division. The men shown were of Com- IT WAS even a longer trail than to the THE pany E of the 308th Infantry which was A. E. F. that some of our fighters American Legion Magazine one of the companies in the 'Lost Bat- took to participate in our World War. talion' and it is quite probable that many For instance, the men who saw service in INDEX of of the men shown in the picture are Siberia. among those who lost their lives on that From a member of one of the trans- ADVERTISERS epic occasion. ports that plied between the States and

"Sergeant Paul is now Vice President the port of Vladivostok, Siberia, we re- of the U. S. Radium Corporation at 535 ceived the picture of his ship, the Logan, Pearl Street, New York City, and is which we show. Our contributor is Er- Biltrite Rubber Co 63 serving his country again—this time from win M. Hirschfelder of Rincon Hill Post, the standpoint of doing some very effec- San Francisco, California, whose address tive work in connection with the lumi- is 250 Front Street in the city at the Carter Medicine Co 61 nous treatment of various airplane in- Golden Gate. Here is his yarn equip- "I enclosing ( !itv of Wildwood 61 strument dials and other defense am a picture of the U. S. ment. He is a member of Newark (New Army Transport Logan taken alongside of Massage 63 College Swedish Jersey) Post. At the time of his enlist- the American Base at Vladivostok, Si- ment his home was in Williamsport. beria, during the winter of 1918, with Pennsylvania, and he was employed by the temperature 42 degrees below zero. I). I). D. Corporation 57 the Ingersoll Watch Company. He regis- This transport brought back many of our Doan's Fills 61 tered in New York City, was sent to boys from Siberia and on Voyage No. 62 Camp Upton and placed in Company E, during 1919 I obtained a signed list of though later transferred to machine-gun some of the officers on that homeward Emblem Division 45 work for a time and then to the Scouts, trip with whom I enjoyed many days of Observers and Snipers School. Overseas travel, and I would like to hear again Flashlights & Batteries .47 Kvereadv he was sent for special training with the from any of them, to know where they British where he saw some action and are located. In that group was Past Na- then was attached to G-2 and ended his tional Commander Stephen Chadwick, Franklin Institute 59 service as sergeant major in charge of then 1st Lieutenant, 27th Infantry, and Frontier Asthma Co 57 the Division Scouts. among others were Lieutenants A. R. Greenaway, George N. Browning, Carl MY OWN service during the war R. Mitchell, M.C., John Nelson Blood, General Electric Co 49 was rather tangled. I had to 0. D. Busbee, Coleman J. Carter, Lester make seven definite efforts to get in at K. Ade, Martin Ebner, Arthur W. Blom- Greyhound Management Co 51 all and then managed to get in only quist, Archer D. Orme, Raymond E.

because of special qualifications which, Hillmer and W. J. Bunanek; Captains in the army manner. I was never called Frank A. Paul, Fred F. Stocking, Frank Knox Company 63 upon to use. I signed up for this work N. Hoffmeir and James A. Work, Jr.; with the Army Transport Service with Majors William V. Lindsay, Fred D. headquarters in New York City and was Fairchild and E. Farrow. Metal Cast Products Co 59 J. to have been commissioned a 1st lieuten- "I was quartermaster clerk on the Miller Brewing Company 53 ant. When I did get in, I was informed Logan, having been ordered from Camp that I couldn't be commissioned but this Kearny during 191 7 to assume that post left me in the Army, and I was appointed on the transport, and I made several National Carbon Company, Inc.. 47 as an auditor in the Purchasing Section. trips from San Francisco to Siberia. "Eventually I got a transfer to the "Our transport took the first contin- National Distillers Products Corp. Field Artillery, sent to Camp Jackson to gent home from Siberia, leaving Vladi- Old Grand-Dad 2 Battery D of the 7th Regiment F. A. vostok on April 1, 191 9, and it was not R. D., and on October 30, 191 8, we left April Fools' Day for the boys who were Camp Jackson for Camp Hill at Newport sailing as they had been waiting a long Pulvex 59 News to sail for overseas service, but on time to return to the good old U. S. A. the morning of November nth we re- On that day. Major General Graves, ceived the royal raspberry from the Commander of the A. E. F. Siberia, was Quebec Tourist Bureau 55 patriotic shipyard workers and others be- at the dock to bid his boys farewell as cause the Armistice had been signed. was also the band of the 31st Infantry. "My only claim to distinction in serv- We arrived in San Francisco on May 6, Reeves Bros., Inc 61 ice is that of perhaps being the only 1919. ever spent six months in "I hope I hear from some of those ex- R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Co. soldier who - ' France without crossing the ocean Siberia Expedition passengers. Camels Cover IV though I did not draw overseas pay for to be outdone by English River it. While we were on the transport at NOT Newport News, and we did get that far Post of Kalona, Iowa, which boasted Sani-Flush 57 on our way to the A. E. F. —we were in Then and Now, in the April issue, of Schenley Distillers Corp. given postal cards on which we could four brothers as members, Clarence give our overseas address to our folks, McCoy Post of Providence, Kentucky, Red and Black Label. . .Cover II and somehow or other my card was claims the same distinction. While the mailed, so my folks wrote me letters to use of this picture is another violation France which after about six months of our announced policy of publishing Union Carbide & Carlton Corp.. .47 were returned, rubber-stamped to the only pictures of jour or more brothers in effect that I had returned to the United uniform, here is Legionnaire Orville States and giving the date of the return Withers to tell about the group of \\ alker, Hiram & Sons, Inc. So since you cannot return without soldiers-all, though in mufti: Ten High Whiskey 13 going— I must have been overseas!" "Since groups of four or more Legion- 62 The AMERICAN LEGION Magazine iSing Products Please Mention The American Legion Magazine 1 :

Club. Edna B. Myers, chmn., 611 N. brothers-in-service have been pass- Wisconsin naire Broadway. Milwaukee, and Minnie Arndt, secy., ing in review in Then and Now, I would 2430 W. Wisconsin Av., Milwaukee. Natl. Organization World War Nurses— The Man Who Knows like to present a picture of a half-squad Annual reunion and breakfast, Venetian Room, Milwaukee, Wed., Sept. 17, 9 a.m. brothers who served a combined Astor Hotel, RECOMMENDS of Mrs. Mabel B. Connor, R. N., chmn., 1512 E. period of 77 months during the World Hampton Rd., Milwaukee. Natl. Yeomen F—Annual reunion dinner and War—most of that time overseas. Sorry meeting, Wisconsin Club, Milwaukee, Sun., Sept. 14, 6:30 p.m. Mrs. Laura V. Hall, chmn., 2000 I haven't a picture of the four of us in W. Pierce St., Milwaukee. uniform, but the enclosed picture was U. S. Signal Corps Women—2d annual con- vention-reunion. E. Jeannette Couture, chmn., left taken in 191 6, not long before we 350 Beacon St., Boston, Mass. Official annual national con- for service. SOC. OF 1ST Div. — vention and reunion. Dr. E. H. Maurer, chmn., "From left to right, we are: Carroll, 7139 W. Greenfield Av., Milwaukee. 2d Div. Assoc.—Marine reunion. 306 W. Vine Damon, Orville (myself), and Everett, St., Milwaukee, Sept. 14-18. Banquet and floor

show, Mon., Sept. 15, following 40 and 8 parade ; and we are all members of Clarence Dance, Sun., Sept. 14. Wm. J. Happ, chmn., McCoy Post of the Legion here in 2220 W. Galena St., Milwaukee. Soc. of 3d Div. —Annual convention reunion- Providence, Kentucky. banquet. Hv O. Hegna, secy.. Milwaukee Chap., "Carroll joined the Coast Artillery 3d Div. Soc, 735 N. Water St., Milwaukee. Natl. 4th Div. Assoc.—Annual national re- Corps at Tacoma, Washington, with union-convention, Hotel Pfister, Milwaukee. Luncheon in hotel Sept. 15, 12 noon. Theo. Tolz- which organization he went to France. man, chmn., 2234-B N. 23rd St., Milwaukee. 5th Div. Annual convention reunion and He is a recent Past District Commander — banquet. For details, write A. M. McGhee, 622 of the Legion. N. Water St.. Milwaukee. 6th Div. Natl. Assoc. —Reunion. For copy "Damon became a casualty by way of Sightseer, write C. A. Anderson, natl. secy.- gas while serving with the Rainbow treas.. Box 23, Stockyards Sta., Denver, Colo. 7th Div. World War Vets. —Reunion and (42d) Division, and still suffers from his election of officers in Chapter-at-Large, Mil- waukee, Sept. 14-18. R. R. Conner, adjt., 210 disability. E. Broadway, Streator 111. Asthma Misery 10th Div. Camp Funston—Reunion dinner. "Everett and I joined the old 2d Ken- rely on smokes, sprays and injections if Frank A. Abrams, 7754 S. Halsted St., Chicago, Don't you suffer from terrible recurring, choking, gasp- tucky National Guard, from which we III. spells of Asthma. Thousands of suf- 12th (Plymouth) Div. Assoc. —2nd natl. re- ing, wheezing Infantry, ferers found first dose of were transferred to the 149th union. H. Gordenstein, natl. adjt., 12 Pearl St., have that the Mendaco usually palliates Asthma spasms and loosens thick 38th Division, which after reaching the Boston, Mass. Yankee (26th) Div. —Reunion, Schroeder strangling mucus, thus promoting freer breathing restful sleep. in tasteless A. E. F. became a replacement outfit. Hotel, Milwaukee. C. R. Fick, secy.-treas., 4528 and more Get Mendaco tablets from druggists, only 60c (guarantee). N. Winchester av., Chicago. 111. Everett transferred the Engineers fully satisfied. was to 31st (Dixie) Div. —Natl. reunion. W. A. Money back unless and I to Company F, 305th Infantry, Anderson, 4913 N. Armitage av., Chicago, 111. 32d (Red Arrow) Div. Assoc. —Reunion- 77th Division, which at the front." was dinner, Milwaukee Auditorium, Sept. 16, 7 p.m. Learn Profitable Profession Open house at new Red Arrow Club House. 774 N. Broadway, Milwaukee, for all 32d vets. in QO days at Home Thos. J. Fallon, secy., 759 N. Plankinton av., MILWAUKEE—the mecca of tens Earnings of Men and Women in the fascinating pro- Milwaukee. fession of Swedish Massage run aa high as $40 to $70 per week but many prefer to open their own of thousands of Legionnaires dur- 42d (Rainbow) Div. —Reunion and registra- Doctors, hospitals. Offices. Large incomes from tion hq., Knights of Columbus Bldg., 1432 W. sanitariums and private patients come to ing the Legion National Convention, those who qualify through our training. Wisconsin av. Tentative plans for banquet on Reducing alone offers rich rewards for Mon. evening. Jas. F. Burns, pres., Gen. eprcialmtB. Write for Anatomy Charts, September 15th to 18th—is making spe- and booklet— They re FREE McArthur Chap., Rainbow vets., 2344 N. 60th THE College of Swedish Massage cial plans to entertain our women Le- St., Milwaukee. 30E.AdamsSt.. Dept. C75, Ch icago 81st (Wildcat) Div. —Natl. reunion dinner. gionnaires. J. E. Cahall, 625 St., Charles av., New Orleans, Under the Chairmanship of Mrs. Edna La. 85th Div. Vets. Assoc. —Reunion, Eagles The American Legion B. Myers, the Ex-Service Women's Com- Club, 2401 W. Wisconsin av. Banquet in club, Sept. 15. John J. Kraniak. natl. pres., 606 W. National Headquarters mittee has arranged the following special Wisconsin av., Milwaukee. activities: Sunday afternoon, September 92d Div. Vets. Assoc. —Annual reunion. Jesse Indianapolis, Indiana B. Gunn, pres., 6510 Evans av., Chicago, 111. 14th, tea at the Veterans Administration Natl. Assoc. Amer. Balloon Corps Vets.— 10th annual reunion and banquet. Hq. at Mil- Facility, Wisconsin; Monday Wood, waukee Athletic Club (changed from Hotel Financial Statement Plankinton). Reunion banquet in Club, Sun., afternoon, tea at the Wisconsin Club, 31, 1941 Sept. 14, 7 p.m. Thos. F. Burns, gen. chmn., May two to four o'clock; Monday, September 9100 S. May St., Chicago, 111. World War Tank Corps Assoc. —Natl. re- 15th at 6:30 p. m., the annual banquet union. Uptown Post, A. L., Clubhouse, 3220 Assets for all Ex-Service Women at the Wiscon- W. North av. Banquet, same place, Sept. 15. p.m. Ill, Thompson, 7:30 Chicago. or D. Oakley Cash on hand and on deposit $ 633,982.48 sin Club. For further details, write the chmn., 4647 N. 38th St., Milwaukee. Accounts receivable 47,509.53 Chairman, Mrs. Edna B. Myers, 611 American Railroad Legion, AEF Vets.—An- nual reunion of all RTC vets, Milwaukee, Sept. Inventories 105.143.46 North Broadway, Milwaukee, or Miss 15-17. Gerald J. Murry, natl. adjt., 722 S. Main Invested funds 2,462,464.44 av., Scranton, Pa. Permanent investment: Minnie Amdt, R. N., Secretary, 2430 Chemical Warfare Serv. Vets. Assoc.— Pund 208,439.36 West Wisconsin Avenue, Milwaukee. Reunion of all vets, USA or AEF. Hq. at Fed- Overseas Graves Decoration Trust eral Post, A. L., Clubhouse, 725 E. Wisconsin Office building, Washington, D. C, less av., Banquet at Milwaukee Athletic Club, 758 When this issue reaches our readers, depreciation 124,858.97 N. Broadway, Dept. 16, 9 p.m. Geo. W. Nichols, equipment, less it will be too late to request that an- R. 3, Box 75, Kingston, N. Y. Furniture, fixtures and nouncements of National Convention re- Co. C, 46th Inf. —Reunion, Milwaukee, Sept. depreciation 40,853.81 15. Lewis E. Pirkey, Saybrook, 111., or I. G. Deferred charges 22,961.52 unions be published in these columns. Gordon Forster, 502 Liberty Trust Bldg., Phila- delphia, Pa. to But reunions should be reported G. 22d Inf. Band, Hq. Co.—Reunion. Thos. §3,646.213.57 H. (Gil) Stordock, Convention Reunions Smail, 11a Ashland St., Somerville, Mass. 120th F. A.— Reunion, Red Arrow Club Chairman, 611 North Broadway, Mil- House, 774 N. Broadway, Milwaukee. Smoker, Liabilities, Deferred Revenue beer party and entertainment, Sept. 15. Thos. J. waukee, whose committee will be glad Fallon, secy., 774 N. Broadway, Milwaukee. and Net W orth to assist in arranging reunion plans and Coast Art. Corps Vets. —Annual reunion- banquet. J. A. Donnelly, 913 E. Juneau av., Current liabilities ? 103,652.88 may be able to obtain some publicity Milwaukee, or F. H. Callahan, 77 Water St., Medford, Mass. Funds restricted as to use 40,437.07 for last-minute reunions through the 62d C. A. C. —Reunion. Mannie Fisher, 1357 Deferred revenue 459,935.78 Convention Publicity Bureau. N. Western av., Chicago, 111. Permanent trust: 67th C. A. C. Vets. Assoc. —Reunion. Gerald Decoration Trust Fund 208,439.36 Details of the following Milwaukee D. Nolan, 372 Bridle Path, Worcester, Mass. Overseas Graves Btries. A, B & C, 44th C. A. C. —Reunion H. Net Worth: National Convention reunions may be Hallagan, 26 Main St., Asbury Park, N. J. Restricted capital |2,376,0G5.68 Btry. B, 50th C. A. C— Reunion. E. F. obtained from the Legionnaires listed Unrestricted capital.. 457,681.80 §2,833,748.48 Sherry, 4608 Sylvan av., Pittsburgh, Pa. Ordnance, Camp Hancock—2d reunion. Jos. Legion Women Activities—Sun., Sept. 14, M. Gilmore, 265 Lowell St., Peabody, Mass. S3.646.213.57 p.m., tea at Vets. Adm. Facility, Wood, Wise, 14th Engrs. Vets. Assoc.— Annual reunion,

Mon., tea Wisconsin Club, 4 ; Mon., Norbert Barry, at 2 to 6:30 Milwaukee, Sept. 14-16. J. Frank E. Samuel, National Adjutant p.m., annual banquet all ex-service women, chmn., 1609 N. 60th St., Milwaukee.

AUGUST, 194 63 When Purchasing Products Please Mention The American Legion Magazine 21ST Engrs. L. R. Soc. —22d annual conven- C \y<)—Reunion. H. E. Diet], Asst. Dept. Serv. 1st Div., Phila. Branch — Reunion, Phila- tion-reunion. Chas. L. Schaus, secy.-treas., 325 Officer. A. L., Wood, Wise. delphia. Pa.. Aug. 24-29. David W. Davis, secy., 47th St.. Union City. N. J. S. S. U. 508—Reunion. George Jacobs, 1522 68 Williams Lane, Hatboro, Pa. 23rd ENGRS. Assoc. — Reunion. Harvey Tauf- W. Greenfield Av., Milwaukee. 2n Div. — Proposed reunion, Wichita, Kans., man. 1003 Main St., Menomonie. Wise. Navy Radio Men of the World War—Re- in Oct. Herman Tribute, 405 S. Market St., 26th Engrs. —Annual reunion. W. M. Shall- union hq., and registration. Miller Hall. 812 W. Wichita. ci-oss, chmn., SOU Oklahoma av.. Milwaukee. State St., Mark Feder. 132-345 George St., York, 4tii Div. Assoc., Pa. Chap.—Reunion-dinner, 1st Gas REGT. (:S0th Engrs.) — Annual con- Pa., or G. J. Dinius, 330 N. Broadway, Los Philadelphia. Pa., Aug. 25. C. R. Gelatt, secy.- vention reunion banquet, Milwaukee. Sept. 14- Angeles. Calif. treas., 1119 S. 48th St., Philadelphia. S. S. Baltimore reunion of 16, W. L. Lundy. chmn., 122'J W. Lawrence St., U. —Proposed Soc. of 5th Div. —Annual natl. convention- ship's company. Harry I. Smith, ch. yeo., Hq. Appleton, Wise. reunion, Chicago, 111., Aug. 30-Sept. 1. John P. 39th Engrs.— 17th annual reunion, Knights 9th Naval Dist.. Great Lake, 111. Horan, chmn.. 6618 N. Washtenaw Av., Chicago. M. U. S. S. DeKalb Last Man's Club Reunion of Pythias Hall. Milwaukee, Sept. 10. Chas. — 6th Div. Natl. Assoc.— Reunion, Philadel- 111. Ted Stolp. secy., 5404 N. 5th St.. Philadelphia, Karl, secy.. 11040 Princeton av., Chicago, phia, Pa., Aug. 24-29. C. A. Anderson, secy.- Pa., or C. E. MeClintock, treas., 4320 Tennyson 50th (Searchlight) Engrs. — Reunion. W. treas.. Box 23, Stockyards Sta., Denver, Colo. 80 Central St.. Hudson, Mass. St., Denver, Colo. B. Robbins, 26th Div. Soc.—Reunion-banquet, Philadel- 215th Engrs. Recti, reunion. Jacob Lewis, U. S. S. Florida—4th reunion. Milwaukee. — phia, Pa., Aug. 24-29. Louis Wintner, secy., 911 Sept. 13-14, at home of Emroy Roemer, 2762 30 N. Dearborn St., Chicago. 111. Roosevelt Blvd., Philadelphia. 003d (Searchlight) Engrs. Reunion. Lewis N. 70th St., Milwaukee. — 27th Div. Assoc. Reunion meeting, Hotel Nickles, Veterans Home, Waupaca, Wise. U. S. S. Michigan—Proposed reunion of — ' Seneca, Rochester, N. Y., Aug. 16, at noon, Hq. Det., 209th Engrs. — Reunion, Lewis T. artificer branch. 1 7-'l 8. Paul A. Kier. supt.. with N. Y. Legion Dept. Conv., Aug. 14-16. Wells, 208 S. Ben St.. Piano. III. Grove Hill Cemetery, Morrison, 111. For details, write W W. Long, Box 174, Albany, Forestry Engrs. Vets., AEF—Proposed re- U. S. S. Neptune—Reunion. A. S. West, 1105 N. Y. union all units of 20th Engrs. Tom Holman, Landreth Bldg., St. Louis, Mo. 29th Gray) Div. Assoc. 220 11th av.. New York City. U. S. S. Nopatin—Reunion. Jas. H. Harring- (Blue & —Annual reunion, 1. ::07th F. S. Bn.— Reunion. R. L. Kessing. 240 ton, 7620 S. Michigan Av.. Chicago, 111. Washington, D. C, Aug 29-Sept. Comdr. Milton E. Groome, 1141 Blandensburg N. Meridian St., Indianapolis. Ind. U. S. S. Orizaba—Reunion. Dr. Groesbeck Rd.. N. E., Co. C, 100th F. S. Bn. Last Man Club.— Walsh, Employees Hosp., Fairfield, Ala. Washington. Reunion, Milwaukee, Sept. 14. Dave Daley, U. S. S. Plattsburg— Reunion of crew. John 32d Div. Vet. Assoc. —Annual convention- secy., 6705 N. Odell Av.. Chicago, III. Korinek, 5475 N. 41st St.. Milwaukee. reunion, Jackson, Mich., Aug. 30-31. Chas. Alex- 15th Serv. Co., Sic. Corps—Reunion. Pat D. Natl. Tuscania Survivors Assoc. —Histori- ander, chmn., 108 N. Forbes St., Jackson. .Morgan. Grayling, Mich. cal exhibit at 2d and Wisconsin Av.. Milwaukee, 34th (Sandstorm) Div. — Annual convention, 28th Serv. Co.. Sig. Corps Reunion dinner during Legion Natl. Convention. Leo V. Zim- St. Paul, Minn., Aug. 9-10. Write Ed. H. Slater, and meeting. Election of officers. Write Alfred merman, 624 N. Water St.. Milwaukee. secy., 2076 Dayton Av., St. Paul, for details. W. Cooley, Alton. N. H., for new roster. U. S. S. Whittemore— Reunion. Robert E. 37th (Buckeye) Div. Vets. Assoc.— Annual 415th R. R. Tel. Bn — For information of Cooper, Box 1232. Amarillo, Tex. reunion-convention, Cleveland, Ohio, Aug. 30- reunion headquarters in Milwaukee, write B. E. Sept. 1. James Sterner, exec, secy., 1101 Wyan- Cochrane, 1442 Comstock Av.. Milwaukee, or dotte Bldg., Columbus, Ohio. James J. Maher, 3723 S. Rockwell St., Chicago, 77th Div.—Divisional World War Service III. Medal (not issue) available. For folder, write 4th F & G Bns., Camps Syracuse and Mills 77th Div. Assoc., 28 E. 39th St., New York City. — Reunion-banquet. Sam S. Gelewitz, 14 Pine 80th (Blue Ridge) Div. Assoc. —22d annual St., Hyde Park, Mass. convention-reunion, Fredericksburg, Va., Aug. La Societb pes Soldats de Verneuil (Base 7-10. Harry A. McClaren, chmn., Summit, Va., Spare Parts Units 1-2-3, MTC. 327)—Annual or Mark H. Byrne, natl. secy., 413 Plaza Bldg., reunion, Chicago. 111., just prior to Milwaukee Pittsburgh, Pa. Natl. Conv. For date, write B. C. Peterson, 130th Inf. & 4th III. Inf. —15th reunion, 164 N. Elizabeth St., Chicago. Dieterich, 111., Oct. 4-5. Joe E. Harris, secy., Motor Truck Co. 401 —Reunion. R. L. Ris- Paris, 111. taino, Washington St. Greenhouses, Franklin, 138th Inf.—Reunion, Btry. A Armory, St. Mass. Louis, Mo., Aug. 2. H. J. Dierker, secy., 2813 311th Sup. Trn. Club—Reunion. W. P. Maurer Av., St. Louis. McConnell, 2644 W. 122d PI., Blue Island. 111. 314th Inf. Vets. —23d regtl. reunion, Lewis- Co. B, 338th Bn., Tank Corps— Reunion. Ed. town, Pa.. Sept. 26-28. Geo. E. Hentschel, secy., A. Connelly, 4 Copeland PI., Roxbury, Mass. 1845 Champlost Av., Philadelphia, Pa. Vets of Verneuil and Nevers, MTC Units 355th Inf. Assoc.—Reunion, Norfolk, Nebr., 301-2-3—Reunion-banquet. Hq. at Federal Post. Sept. 7-8. Wm. N. Koch, adjt., Norfolk. A. L.. Clubhouse, 725 E. Wisconsin Av. Rev. 353d (All-Kansas) Inf. Soc.—Annual re- C. N. Bittle, chmn., 1004 N. 10th St., Milwaukee. union. Hotel Continental, Kansas City, Mo, Aug. Bakery Co. 337—2d reunion. Other Bakery 29-Sept. 1. Write G. Hal Burnett, co-chmn., vets invited. L. E. Bancroft, Sudbury, Mass. "Do you mind? I don't want to 1827 E. 68th St., Kansas City, for details. 2n Cav.—3rd reunion. Federal Post, A. L., notice the old lady, either!" Co. D, 10th Inf.—Reunion, Kalamazoo, Mich., Clubhouse, 727 E. Wisconsin Av., Sept. 15. Aug. 10. Alvin Gebard, 1204 S. Grant St., Bloom- C. E. Ginn, secy., 157 Center St., Bryan. Ohio. ington, Ind. U. S. S. Wisconsin Proposed reunion. Veterinary Corps—Reunion of all outfits. — Co. I, 61st Inf.—Reunion, Gettysburg. Pa., Rochester, R. K. Johnson, 101 E. 40th St., Kansas City. Mo. Clement G. Lanni, 49 N. Water St., Aug. 15-17. Wm. Else, 611 Reily St., Harrisburg, Remount Depot 324, Camp McArthur—Re- N. Y. Pa. U. S. S. Zeelandia Reunion. Leonard W. union. L. C. Hoha, 1953 N. 34th St., Milwaukee. — Co. I, 140th Inf. —5th reunion. Camp Rob- 1906 E. Main. Rochester, N. Y. Field Remount Sqdrn. 303 Assoc.— Annual Wittman, inson, Little Rock, Ark., Aug. 30-31. L. E. Syracuse Camp Band Assoc. Annual re- reunion, W. J. Calvert, 257 State Mutual Bldg., — Wilson, 3410 Wayne, Kansas City, Mo. union. Thos. Smail, adjt., 11a Ashland St., Worcester, Mass. 51st Pioneer Inf. Assoc. 18th reunion. Somerville, Mass. — Air Serv. Vets. Assoc. —Reunion of all Air Catskill. N. Y., Sept. 14. Everett Woodruff, Natl. Assoc. Vets. AEF Siberia—4th annual Serv. vets. Write Walter E. Dean, natl. ad.it., Clark St., Catskill. convention-reunion. Hq. at Republican Hotel. 69 Bigelow St., Lawrence, Mass., or J. E. Jen- 54th Pioneer Inf. Reunion, St. Paul, Minn.. Reunion dinner. Dept. 17. 6 p.m. Anton Horn, — nings, 1202 S. 1st St., Louisville, Ky. Aug. 12. H. W. Teichroew, 1738 Hewitt Av., St. natl. comdr., 10711 Avenue G, Chicago. 111. Aero Sqdrn. (Old 54th) Reunion. Paul. 466th — Langres Lingerers — Proposed reunion of John C, Schlitz, pres.. Barron, Wise. 11th F. A. Vets. men in last officers' class at Army Signal School, Assoc.—Reunions, Newark, 616th Aero Sqdrn. — Reunion. Lyman W. Langres. E. H. Swanson, 411 E. Mason St., N. J., and Spokane, Wash., Aug. 30-Sept. 1. Williams, 213 W. Wisconsin Av., Milwaukee. Milwaukee. For copy The Cannoneer, write R. C. Dickieson, 875TH Aero Sqdrn. —Reunion-banquet. G. C. La Valbonne Vets. Assoc.—All vets of Inf. secy., 7330-180th St., Flushing, N. Y. Oldberg, 1813 Grove Av., Berwyn. III. Candidates' School. Hq. at Elks Club, 910 W. Co. D, 109th Ammun. Trn.—Reunion. St. Rockwell Field Reunion Air Serv. vets. Paul, Minn., Aug. 9, with 34th Div. reunion. Wisconsin Av. ; Reunion, Sept 15. D. J. La Earl A. Smith, 2715 S. Greeley St., Milwaukee. Pont, vice pres., 5923 N. Shoreland Av., Mil- For roster, write Geo. W. Phillips, Box 265, 1st Pursuit Group (Sqdrns. 27-94-95-147- waukee. Mitchell, S. Dak. 185-218 & 4th Air Park) — Reunion dinner. Natl. Service Officers Assoc.—Reunion, 309th Ammun. Trn. Assoc. —Annual en- F. J, Strunk, 176 Roosevelt Av.. Bergenfield, N. J. Sun., Sept. 14. place to be announced. J F. campment, Shakamak State Park, Jasonville, Northern Bombing Sqdrn. — Proposed re- Burns, pres., Wood, Wise. Ind., Aug. 31. H. E. Stearley, secy.-treas.. Box union. B. F. Newkirk, Dexter. Mich. Federal Civil Serv. War Vets. Assoc.—An- 277, Brazil, Ind. U. S. Nav. Air Sta., Killingiiolme. Eng.— nual reunion-convention at clubhouse of Fed- 1st Corps Art. Park—Annual reunion, Col- Reunion, Sept. 15. Write Frank Hawkinson. eral Post. A. L., 727 E. Wisconsin Av., Milwau- umbus, Ohio, Aug. 30-Sept. 1. Emory Jamison, 3605 W. North Av., Chicago. 111. kee. S. L. Riski, adjt., 1104 W. Oklahoma Av., 1905 Charles St., Wellsburg, W. Va. Kelly Field Assoc. — Reunion. Bill Unger, Milwauk ee. 19TH Engrs. (Ry.) Assoc.—21st reunion- 5879 Shady-Forbes Ter., Pittsburgh. Pa. Associated Telephone Co. Legionnaires banquet, Philadelphia, Pa., Aug. 9. David Wood- Gen. Hosp. 30, Plattsburg Brks. —Reunion. visiting convention will be entertained by Bell side, chmn., 7004 Hazel Av., Bywood (Dela Reba G. Cameron. Box 84. Redlands. Calif. Telephone Post, A. L. at its clubhouse, 722 N. County ) , Pa. BASE Hosp. Tamp Grant Assoc. —3d annual Broadway. Noon-day dinner. Sept. 17, 12:30 to 34th Engrs.— Annual reunion, Dayton. Ohio, reunion of entire personnel, Y.M.C.A.. Mil- 3 p.m., Milwaukee Athletic Club, 758 N. Broad- Aug. 30-Sept. 1. Geo. Remple., secy., 2523 N. waukee. Sun., Sept. 14, 1 p.m. Ella M. Bokhof. way. John J. Thielen chmn., 722 N. Broadway, Main St., Dayton. secy.-treas., 518 Galena Av., Freeport, III. W. Milwaukee. 308th Engrs. Vet. Assoc. 21st reunion. Co- Base Hosp. Camp Lee, Med. Dept. Reunion — — New York City Fire Dept. Post—Dinner shocton, Ohio. Aug. 2-3. Lee W. Staffler secy., Hotel P lister, ; in hotel, Milwaukee luncheon dance, Sept. 17. Astor Hotel, Milwaukee. P. Zanesville, Ohio. Sept. 15, 12:30 p.m. G. P. Lawrence, chmn.. Joseph Connolly, comdr., 638 Bard Av , New 88th M. P. Cos.—Reunion, Clear Lake, Iowa. 348V2 Wyoming St.. Pittsburgh. Pa. York City. Aug. 30-31. F-. W. Cashman, secy., 409 N. 5th BASE Hosp., CAMP Logan. —Reunion. Walter Women World Vets. Luncheon-re- War — St., Austin, Minn. K.ulell, 788 Pierce St., Birmingham. Mich. union. Sept. 15. 1:30 p.m. Mrs. Theresa Creeden, U. S. S. Burroirs Assoc.—2d reunion-dinner. Base Hosp. (amp Sevier Assoc. — Reunion. chmn.. 115 Holton St., Danvers, Mass.. or Mrs. New York City. Sept. 28. Peter E. Cocchi, secy., M. R. Callaway, Vets. Facility, Kecoughtan, Va. C. J. Otjen. 3043 N. Marietta Av.. Milwaukee. 25 Maiden St., Springfield, Mass. QMC Det., Base Hosp. 14. Camp Custer— U. S. S. Eaijle and Dist. Staff Hq. Person- Dept. of France Members Pre-Natl. Conv. Reunion. R. F. McK.Ivy, Box 271. Helena. Ark. nel. Great Lakes—Proposed reunion. Geo. J, — caucus. Hotel Paris, 97th & West End Av., New Base Hosp. 62 — Proposed reunion. Write Parkcr. ex-chief yeoman. 2113 N. 57th St., Mil- York City. Sept. 8. Jack Specter, 180 River- Carrie Devore, R. N., Oquawkn, III. waukee. BASE Hosp. 82— Reunion. Huxley A. Miller, side Dr.. New York City. Durant, Iowa. Military Order of the Purple Heart—Con- Base Hosp. 103 XIOXS and activities at times vention. Atlanta, Ga., (changed from Washing- —Reunion. John I. Makinen, RKI 4 Holbrook Court. Rock ton, D. C), Aug. 3-6. Frank Haley, 815 15th port, Mass. and places other than the Legion Evac. Hosp. 37 22d annual reunion. Write St.. N. W., Washington, D. C. Al Hattsteadt, 3127 W. Killbourn Av.. Mil- National Convention in Milwaukee, fol- waukee. John J. Noll Hosp. Trn. 44 (French Traine Sanitairb low : The Company Clerk

64 The AMERICAN LEGION Magazine

PRINTED IN THE U.S.A. BY THE CUNEO PRESS, INC £e4 WEAR IT PROUDLY EVERY DAY EVERYWHERE

IT'S AN HONOR to wear the Legion button. can Legion for what it is and what it does.

You've every right to be proud of the fact Share in that respect by wearing your button that you can wear it. It's proof of your Ameri- proudly every day — everywhere. canism. It's your symbol of service to God The American public is looking to The and Country in 1917-18 in war — through American Legion for leadership in these criti- twenty years of peace — now again in the cal times. face of a great conflict. It identifies you as The American Legion needs the whole- a true American, a patriot, a worker for the hearted support of every one of its 1,075,000 cause of freedom. members to carry its vast defense and Ameri-

Tell the world who you are and what canism programs to victory. It needs you. you stand for by wearing your Legion but- Know your Legion program. Talk the Legion ton — by urging your fellow members to do to others. Urge every veteran to join. Read likewise. your American Legion Magazine. Wear your

The American public respects The Ameri- Legion button.

TELL THE WORLD THE SMOKE S THE I THING!

The smoke of slower-burning Camels gives you 28^ LESS NICOTINE than the average of the 4 other largest-selling brands tested— less than any of them — according to independent scientific tests of the smoke itself

The name is Dorothy Van Nays.

The place— California 's popular Santa Barbara. The cigarette— America's favorite— C-A-M-E-L!

• She swims . . . she rides . . . she's typically modern in her zest for the active life. Typi- cally modern, too, in wanting to know the scientific facts about the cigarette she smokes. In choosing Camels, Dorothy Van Nuys en- joys the scientific assurance of a slower-burn- ing cigarette. That means more coolness, freedom from the harsh, irritating qualities of

excess heat . . . extra mildness. And she knows, from independent laboratory reports, that in the smoke of extra-mild Camels, there is less nicotine. (See above, right.)

YES, DOROTHY VAN NUYS, and the important point is: Camel's extra cool- ness — all of Camel's advantages are in the smoke. After all, it's the smoke you smoke. And in the smoke of the slower- burning cigarette of costlier tobaccos there's more coolness, more flavor, extra mildness — with less nicotine. Smoke out the facts about milder smoking yourself. For economy— con- venience — get Camels by the carton.

BY BURNING 25% SLOWER than the average of the 4 other largest- selling brands tested — slower than "I NEVER REALIZED, until I changed to — also give Camels, that a cigarette could be so much CAMEL any of them Camels you a smoking plus equal, on the average, to milder and yet have all that wonderful flavor," THE CIGARETTE OF adds Miss Van Nuys from the pool's edge Extra Smokes Per Pack! {above). Yes, no matter how much you smoke, COSTLIER TOBACCOS J Camels always hit the spot — and they're extra miU/ with less nicotine in the smoke. R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company, Winston-Salem, N. C.