DOCSLIB.ORG

Negro Market" and the Black Freedom Movement in New York City, 1930-1965 Julia L

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Negro Market University of Massachusetts Amherst ScholarWorks@UMass Amherst Doctoral Dissertations 1896 - February 2014 1-1-2006 The "Negro market" and the Black freedom movement in New York City, 1930-1965 Julia L. Sandy-Bailey University of Massachusetts Amherst Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.umass.edu/dissertations_1 Recommended Citation Sandy-Bailey, Julia L., "The "Negro market" and the Black freedom movement in New York City, 1930-1965 " (2006). Doctoral Dissertations 1896 - February 2014. 863. https://scholarworks.umass.edu/dissertations_1/863 This Open Access Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by ScholarWorks@UMass Amherst. It has been accepted for inclusion in Doctoral Dissertations 1896 - February 2014 by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks@UMass Amherst. For more information, please contact [email protected]. THE "NEGRO MARKET" AND THE BLACK FREEDOM MOVEMENT IN NEW YORK CITY, 1930-1965 A Dissertation Presented by JULIA L. SANDY-BAILEY Submitted to the Graduate School of the University of Massachusetts Amherst in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY May 2006 Department of History © Copyright by Julia L. Sandy-Bailey 2006 All Rights Reserved THE "NEGRO MARKET" AND THE BLACK FREEDOM MOVEMENT IN NEW YORK CITY, 1930-1965 A Dissertation Presented by JULIA L. SANDY-BAILEY Approved as to style and content by: Kathy Peiss, Chair David Glassberg, Carl Nightingale, Member Dean Robinson, Member Audrey Altstadti/Chair Department ofhistory DEDICATION To Robert and Marylane Sandy, and to Lonce. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This dissertation has been completed with the help of an amazing professional and personal support I system, and am grateful to have this opportunity to acknowledge their contribution to my work. My advisor and dissertation chair, Kathy Peiss, has carefully and thoughtfully guided me through this process, and to say that this dissertation would not have been written without her doesn't begin to express my appreciation lor all she has done lor me. She I always knew what was doing well before I did, and her passion and dedication challenge me to be a better thinker, writer, and teacher. My other committee members -- David (ilassberg, Carl Nightingale, and Dean Robinson -- each brought LUlique insights to this project and I know I will continue to benefit from their help as I move forward with this research. The History Department at the I Iniversity of Massachusetts at Amherst provided me with generous financial support to travel to archives and conferences, and Larry Owens assisted with all of the administrative hurdles that accompany a doctoral degree. Kev in Boyle helped with my initial formulation of this project and offered kind suggestions along the way. Ronald Story has been a constant provider of good humor and encouragement, and his reminders to "just get it done" helped keep the end in sight. Jerome Mileur was instrumental in sparking my initial interest in black consumer culture ( when he asked me to be a part of the Jackie Robinson Initiative in the fall of l >%. Studying Robinson\s advertising career was my fust exposure to the "Negro market." Imveisity, Additionally, he has been my most ardent supporter and helpful friend at the 1 this without his friendship. and I would never have completed degree A fellowship from the Gilder Lehrman Institute of American History allowed me to finish my final research, and gave me the push I needed to see the project through to completion. I was fortunate to conduct research in several wonderful archives, whose helpful archivists made this process much easier. Many thanks are due to the staff at the Schomburg Center for Research in Black Culture, and to Faith Davis Ruffins and Charles McGovern for their help at the National Museum of American History. Jacqueline Reid and the fine staff at the John W. Hartman Center at Duke University made each of my visits there enormously efficient and pleasant; no researcher could find a better place to work. The Interlibrary Loan department at the University of Massachusetts at Amherst was also extremely helpful and adept at finding even the most obscure materials. A number of friends have stuck with me through the arduous process of graduate school, listening to my worries and celebrating my successes. I would like to thank, in particular, Larry Becker, Chris Carlisle, Tom Conroy, Alison and Pete Dagnes, Julie Gallagher, Brent Heeringa, Michael and Lisa Hannahan, Jill Mudgett, Lana Wylie and Duane Hewitt, and Denise Matze. Jacqueline Castledine moved back to Massachusetts in time to see me through the last year of this project and her helpful suggestions have made this a much better dissertation. Eric Thompson and Mary Lusk, Cathron and Sam Donaldson, and Jon Keller had the added burden of living near much-needed archives, and all generously shared their homes and lives during the research process. mother and father I close these acknowledgements with thanks to my family. My to be a taught me to engage and question the world around me, and continue to inspire me caring teacher and person. They never asked, "when is the dissertation going to be sister and brother. finished?" and never lost faith that it would (eventually) end. My vi Robin and Jay, and their spouses, Steve and Joanna, provided me with lots of love, ice- cream, baseball games, and late-night phone calls, even as their own families grew and demanded attention. Larry, Dorothy, Gwen and Rod, and Felicia and Zara welcomed me into the Bailey family and offered unflagging love and support. My final words are reserved for my husband, Lonce. Only those who have attempted to complete two dissertations in one household could understand how lucky I am to have such a wonderful spouse. He always put his own work on hold to read drafts, listen to my ideas, make dinner, clean out the litter box, and hold my hand. This dissertation is dedicated to him, with gratitude, with admiration, and with love. vii ABSTRACT THE "NEGRO MARKET" AND THE BLACK FREEDOM MOVEMENT IN NEW YORK CITY, 1930-1965 MAY 2006 JULIA L. SANDY-BAILEY, B.A., UNIVERSITY OF VIRGINIA M.A., UNIVERSITY OF VIRGINIA M.A., UNIVERSITY OF MASSACHUSETTS AMHERST Ph.D., UNIVERSITY OF MASSACHUSETTS AMHERST Directed by: Professor Kathy Peiss This dissertation examines the "Negro market" and consumer activism within the context of the black freedom movement in New York City from 1930 to 1965. The "Negro market," a term used by the advertising industry to indicate a racially defined consumer market that was separate from the mainstream one, first emerged during the Great Depression. It expanded during World War II when the government gave more attention to racial matters and actively supported corporate attention to black consumers. In its first three decades, "Negro market" advertisers sought to reach African Americans without alienating whites, and strategies were shaped by advertising agencies, corporations, black media, and black marketing experts. During these years "Negro market" campaigns were conducted solely in black media. Although this reinforced the segregation of the consumer market, it did result in positive advertising images of blacks in the black press. Black protests in the early 1 960s resulted in the integration of a small number of ads in mainstream media, changing the exclusively segregated approach of advertisers. viii Black New Yorkers used their consumer power as a tool in the black freedom movement, a movement that included campaigns for employment, integration, and positive black cultural portrayals. They also worked for consumer rights such as integrated commercial spaces, fair prices, and quality merchandise, and understood these rights as an important part of their struggle for racial equality. Groups from a variety of political perspectives - including housewives leagues, the NAACP, CORE, the African Nationalist Pioneer Movement, and the National Negro Congress - took part in these activities. Consumer weapons such as picketing and boycotts were only one aspect of black rights campaigns, and were often very effective. But there were limits to the usefulness of consumer action. By looking at business trade journals, the black press, advertisements, and the records of civil rights organizations, advertising agencies, corporations, and governmental agencies, this study traces the early history of the "Negro market," demonstrates the importance of consumer rights to black New Yorkers, and also shows the limitations of consumption as a method for achieving racial equality. ix TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ABSTRACT Vlll LIST OF FIGURES xi CHAPTER INTRODUCTION ! 1. ORIGINS OF THE "NEGRO MARKET" 10 2. CITIZENS, CONSUMERS, AND WORKERS 63 3. ADVERTISING JIM CROW 122 4. CONFIDENT BUT CAUTIOUS 179 5. UNSHEATHING THE CONSUMER SWORD 223 CONCLUSION 278 BIBLIOGRAPHY 285 x LIST OF FIGURES Figure Page 2.1. Joe Louis World War II Poster, 1942 83 2.2 United We Win World War II Poster, 1 943 86 2.3 Bond Bread Advertisement, 1943 104 2.4 Pepsi-Cola Advertisement, 1 944 1 07 2.5 Vaseline Advertisement, 1945 110 3 . 1 Pepsi-Cola "More Bounce" Advertisement, 1 949 156 3 .2 Fultz Quads Pet Milk Advertisement, 1 949 165 3.3 Joe Louis Chesterfield Advertisement, 1947 169 3 .4 Chesterfield Advertisement, 1951 171 5.1 Apex Beauty Products Advertisement, 1963 266 5.2 Rheingold Beer Advertisement, 1963 272 xi INTRODUCTION In 1946 James Farmer, founder and director of the Congress of Racial Equality (CORE), published an article in The Crisis titled "Unsheathing the Consumer Sword," about the ways in which Southern blacks could use consumer power in their struggle for racial equality. Farmer argued that African Americans had been led to believe "the fiction that their ability to consume rests of necessity upon the white man," and that more than loss of life, blacks feared "that the bare necessities of life will be snatched from them if they do not respect the southern code of behavior." Afraid of losing jobs, monetary support for schools and churches, a market for their crops, and access to consumer goods, Southern blacks were reluctant to challenge racial inequality.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Anti-Trust Acts and Monopolistic Competition Julius Cohen
    Cornell Law Review Volume 24 Article 4 Issue 1 December 1938 Anti-Trust Acts and Monopolistic Competition Julius Cohen Follow this and additional works at: http://scholarship.law.cornell.edu/clr Part of the Law Commons Recommended Citation Julius Cohen, Anti-Trust Acts and Monopolistic Competition , 24 Cornell L. Rev. 80 (1938) Available at: http://scholarship.law.cornell.edu/clr/vol24/iss1/4 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Journals at Scholarship@Cornell Law: A Digital Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Cornell Law Review by an authorized administrator of Scholarship@Cornell Law: A Digital Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. THE ANTI-TRUST ACTS AND "MONOPOLISTIC COMPETITION" A Case Study JULIUS COHEN One thing is clear. The steady match towards concentrated economic power has not been stemmed by the anti-trust acts.1 Whether the Sherman Act was "intended to mean anything save a big noise to gull the gullible"2 or was a serious attempt to preserve "free competition", it has neither "disintegrated society into individual atoms' 3 nor eliminated the existence of monopolistic control. In the judicial laboratory the anti-trust laws have been distilled to represent mere limitations upon certain competitive tactics.4 The safety zone carved out by the Standard Oi15 and Tobacco cases,6 the protective cloak placed around the control manifested by the United States Shoe Machinery Co. case,7 the sanctioning of price leadership in the steel industry,8 and the approval of
    [Show full text]
  • 23 Diversity
    23 Diversity The changing media landscape presents both challenges and opportunities for minorities. In traditional media, mi- nority ownership and employment has, in recent years, gone backward. But the openness of the Internet offers the promise of new opportunities for innovation and minority viewpoints that may not have flourished via traditional media platforms. Both rural and urban, English and foreign-language minority communities can now access a wealth of infor- mation and resources via their broadband connections. New technologies also offer opportunities to some minority en- trepreneurs who have found the barriers for entry into traditional media too high to scale. This chapter explores how the traditional and digital media environments are performing in terms of programming, employment, and innovation. Traditional Media Radio In 1948, WDIA in Memphis launched the first radio station designed to appeal to a black audience.1 Although white- owned, this bold programming decision made the station a forerunner, and its example was widely followed by sta- tions across the country wanting to reach this underserved audience. WDIA is also credited with breaking a color barrier in its employment of black announcers and station personnel, as well as in its programming content, which included public service announcements geared especially to a black audience. The nation’s first black-owned radio sta- tion was WERD in Atlanta.2 Purchased by Jesse B. Clayton Sr. in 1949, the financially successful station offered a mix of news, community announcements, information, and music that black audiences could not get elsewhere in the lo- cal market.3 Other programming of interest could be found on the National Negro Network (NNN), a nationwide net- work of 40 stations that programmed news summaries, wire-copy, and music.
    [Show full text]
  • A Comparative Study on Korean Media in Vancouver and Los Angeles
    Diasporic Media in Multicultural Cities: A Comparative Study on Korean Media in Vancouver and Los Angeles by Sherry S. Yu M.I.S., Yonsei University, 2001 B.A., Simon Fraser University, 1997 THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY in the School of Communication Faculty of Communication, Art and Technology © Sherry S. Yu 2012 SIMON FRASER UNIVERSITY Spring 2012 All rights reserved. However, in accordance with the Copyright Act of Canada, this work may be reproduced, without authorization, under the conditions for “Fair Dealing.” Therefore, limited reproduction of this work for the purposes of private study, research, criticism, review and news reporting is likely to be in accordance with the law, particularly if cited appropriately. Approval Name: Sherry S. Yu Degree: Doctor of Philosophy (Communication) Title of Thesis: Diasporic Media in Multicultural Cities: A Comparative Study on Korean Media in Vancouver and Los Angeles Examining Committee: Chair: Dr. Jan Marontate Associate Professor Dr. Catherine Murray Senior Supervisor Professor Dr. Alison Beale Supervisor Professor Dr. Mary Lynn Young Supervisor Associate Professor, UBC Graduate School of Journalism Dr. Kirsten McAllister Internal Examiner Associate Professor by teleconference (London, UK) Dr. Myria Georgiou External Examiner Lecturer, Department of Media and Communications London School of Economics and Political Science Date Defended/Approved: April 18, 2012 ii Declaration of Partial Copyright Licence The author, whose copyright is declared on the title page of this work, has granted to Simon Fraser University the right to lend this thesis, project or extended essay to users of the Simon Fraser University Library, and to make partial or single copies only for such users or in response to a request from the library of any other university, or other educational institution, on its own behalf or for one of its users.
    [Show full text]
  • JOURNAL of MILK and FOOD TECHNOLOGY Official Publication of the International Association of Milk Sanitarians (Association Organized 1911)
    JOURNAL OF MILK AND FOOD TECHNOLOGY Official Publication of the International Association of Milk Sanitarians (Association Organized 1911) Office of Publication 374 Broadway, Albany, N. Y, Entered as second class mmatter atter at the Post Office at Albany, N. Y., MMarch arch 4, 1942, under the Act of March 3, 1879. Published bimonthly beginning with the January number. Subscription rate, $2.00 per volume. Single copy, SO cents. (For complete Journal Information, see page 178) CONTENTS Editorials Page No. Public Health Service Disease Outbreak Reports, 1945 ...................... 125 Biological Technology ............................................................................. 129 “Regular” Health Department ............................................................... 130 Abstracts of the Literature of Food and Sanitary Technology During 1946—Arthur S. Levine ................................................................. 131 Studies of Coliform Organisms in Dairy Products—Leon Buchbinder and Edythe C. Alff ............................................................................ 137 Effect of Stabilizers on Frozen Cream—R. W. B ell.................................... 149 Measuring Sanitary Practices in Public Eating Establishments—Robert Anderson, C. W. Anderson, and N. O. Gunderson...................... 158 Control Practices Used in Supervision of Vitamin D Milk by City and State Milk Sanitarians—K. G. Weckel, Chairman....................... 167 Clean Babcock Test Bottles—Clare W. Rink............................................
    [Show full text]
  • Eafrectv-O' L.D Ilan
    eafrectv-o' L.dCod iLan, Joi. ï?AlilU'J lJ rrl -Alï,tl'r1arAY Bill Katz Radio Group www.americanradiohistory.com . r I www.americanradiohistory.com RADIO'S 75TH Elvis to Big Bands to revive it, and ended up with Rush Limbaugh and Talk Radio, PUBLISHER'S NOTES perhaps the most significant milestone in Radio in decades. When times got tough we invented automation and later, satel- lite delivery. We became the darlings of Wall Street and watched as fools overpaid Ratlio Relui for our properties, waiting to see who would be left with the joker. We saw many fall. We regrouped, learned our from a new station in Miami, Florida. lesson, and came out stronger than ever. "Can you be here in three days?" the PD Radio is powerful. With words and asked. Needless to say, I packed my music, it affects listeners lives, sets music Volkswagen and headed south for an trends, sells millions of books and CDs opportunity of a lifetime. I was 17 and and influences elections. Talk Radio has the station was Y -100. We debuted Au- become the en vogue place to go for out - gust 3, I973 and I was part of the lineup. of -work politicians who know the strength Our first order of business was to give of its voice. And yet there are those among away the first $50,000 jackpot in Radio. us who either don't understand the depth There are a thousand stories just like of Radio's influence or choose to ignore it. mine. Others were on the air by age 13 Though we may consider some of these and I 4.
    [Show full text]
  • Part 3. Timeline in the Development of Farmstead, Electrification, and Processing Equipment (Also See the Home and Household Items Timeline)
    Part 3. Timeline in the Development of Farmstead, Electrification, and Processing Equipment (also see the Home and Household Items timeline) Note: the italic letters at the end of each entry refer to the references. 1626 First commercial flour mill built in colonies in New Amsterdam (New York). AOAA CLAA 1746 Reverse osmosis (membrane separation) reported by Frenchman Abbé Jean An- toine Nollet, 1700-1770. EAFBE GLSB 1714 Change from alcohol-filled to mercury-filled thermometer by Polish-Dutch- German Daniel Gabriel Fahrenheit, 1686-1736, who introduced the Fahrenheit temperature scale in 1717 (see 1733). BDPE BEST DSB EB MWBD WOI 1730 Claimed to be first cotton mill built, Gloucester, England. STF 1731, 1732, 1734 Water-driven mechanical thresher invented (1731 in DID), using rotary flails beginning in 1734, built by Scot Michael Menzies, ?? -1766. BDPE DID STF 1733 Flying shuttle, which led to automatic weaving, patent granted to John Kay, 1705- c.1764, England. SAID STF 1733 Mercury thermometer invented by Frenchman Joseph-Nicolas Delisle, 1688- 1768, in St. Petersburg, Russia. Conflict in information in different references (see 1714). CLAA DID DSB 1742 Centigrade (100 units between freezing and boiling of water) scale for thermometer introduced by Swede Anders Celsius, 1701-1744; in 1948 became known as the Celsius temperature scale and adopted by many as the official designation. BEST WOI 1764 First modern greenhouse in the USA built in New York. STF 1768 Fanning mill for cleaning grain patented and manufactured by Scots Andrew Meikle, 1719-1811, and George Meikle, sons of James Meikle. GH HT 1769 Cast iron introduced for use in windmill construction by Englishman John Smeaton, 1724-1792, followed by other improvements in windmills.
    [Show full text]
  • Volume 40 Issue 32 [PDF]
    CORNELL ALUMNI NEWS VOLUME 40, NUMBER 32 JUNE 16, 1938 PROFESSIONAL DIRECTORY The Ideal Summer Prep School OF CORNELL ALUMNI SHORT JULY 11 -AUGUST 23 ITHACA CERTAIN Not absolutely sure but relatively so LANG'S GARAGE GREEN STREET NEAR TIOGA CONVENIENT Credentials in August Regents Ithaca's Oldest, Largest, and Best Examinations Storage, Washing, Lubrication, Expert Repairs AGREEABLE Small Classes in a cool building in a ERNEST D. BUTTON '99 JOHN L. BUTTON '25 grand little city INEXPENSIVE Class tuition $35.00 and up NEW YORK AND VICINITY COMPLETE Year courses in all college subjects THE BALLOU PRESS We welcome yovr inquiries and often can make Printers to Lawyers suggestions of importance CHAS. A. BALLOU, JR., '21 69 Beekman St. Tel. Beekman 3-8785 CASCADILLA SCHOOLS ITHACA, N. Y. CLARENCE M. DOYLE CORNELL '02 HENRY M. DEVEREUX, M.E. '33 2014 Headmaster YACHT DESIGNER 295 CITY ISLAND AVE. CITY ISLAND, N. Y. I BALTIMORE, MD. 9 WHITMAN, REQUARDT & SMITH Water Supply, Sewerage, Structural, Valuations of Public Utilities, Reports, Plans, and General Consulting Practice. EZRA B. WHITMAN, C.E. '01 G. J. REQUARDT, C.E. '09 B. L SMITH, C.E. Ί4 West Biddle Street at Charles DISTANC1 E gained in property insurance is so flexible that KENOSHA, WIS. D a relay race means you can protect what you have nothing unless it is held. And against practically every conceiv- material gains made in the game able hazard. The North America MACWHYTE COMPANY of life .. home, furnishings, auto- Agent in your section will be glacl Manufacturers of Wire and Wire Rope, Braided Wire Rope Sling, Aircraft Tie Rods, Strand and Cord.
    [Show full text]
  • Vandais on the Farms. More Pupils This Year. Party For
    RED BA'•* / N [VOLUME XLIX, NO, 12. lisped Wosklr, Entered u fleconil-OUui Matter at till Post* odlci at Bed Bock. N. J. nndtr the Aet of liarah I, 1879.> RED BANK, N. J., WEDNESDAY, SEPTEMBER 15, 1926. • $1.50 PER TEAR. PAGES 1 TO 12. VANDAIS ON THE FARMS. MORE PUPILS THIS YEAR. BACK IN HIS OLD HOME, TOWN. CLUB MORTGAGE BURNED. TO SEE FIGHT AFTER ALL GOT HIS ROWBOAT BACK. Wilbur Symington Engage! In Re»- Owner Found That Thief Who Took FLOODS IN A VILLAGE. CROWDED Wtt PUPILl • ' • ••' • • »•'' ' ' ;V .'•' '-\ ^ ,' '. • .. V»N INCREASE OF ABOUT 1OO taurant Builneii Here. RED BANK WOMAN'S CLUB RUMSON OFFICIALS WORRIED It Wai'Already in Reform School. THIEVERY; AW- DAMAGE ON Wilbur Symington, who recently MIDDLETOWN OFFICIALS HAVE MIDDLETOWN SCHOOLS AT OVER LAST YEAR, HAS LUNCHEON. FOR A TIME. Three' weeks ago a rowboat . i ;;•••;':. WA^Y PLACES. .- moved from Rahway to Elm place, owned by Edward A. Clark of Wil- DELUGE OF COMPLAINTS." ABOUT RAPACITY POINT. Folks In Fashionable Clothes and Hanea Park In Shrewsbury Town. Red Bank, has bocomo n partner The Luncheon Wai ' the Opening Some of the Comminionori Wanted liam street was stolon. Last week East Keanaburg Folk's Were Out Enrollment Beats All Records alia) High-Priced Cars, Loot1 Orchard! . «nip Wai a. Regular ('No Man'« with.Andrew Dougherty, his'broth- Meeting of the Club Year—Be- to Seethe Tunney-Dempiey Bout )Ar. Clark was in another boat on Strong at the Meeting of Town- Land;',So Far at School Facilities or-ln-law, • in tho ownership of tho •idol tho Burning of the Mart- But Did Not Want to Neglect the More Pupils aro Expected after and Crop, Fields—No Protection the river when he saw his stolen skip Committee Last Week—Wil- Farm Work Ends—Need of Ad- ' for the Farmeri.
    [Show full text]
  • Morton * Burleigh Kidder * Stutsman
    2015 Southwest North Dakota Combined Federal Campaign The CFC Represents 7 Counties BILLINGS * STARK * MERCER * MORTON BILLINGSBURLEIGH * * STARKKIDDER * *STUTSMAN MERCER MORTON * BURLEIGH KIDDER * STUTSMAN Dear Fellow Federal Employee: It is that time of year again when we are given an opportunity to consider a monetary donation to the Combined Federal Campaign (CFC). Federal employees have the opportunity to donate to those less fortunate through the CFC. There are people all over the country who have lost their jobs or in need of extra help. The CFC is the only authorized solicitation of employees in the federal workplace on behalf of charitable organizations, and you decide where your donation should go. You can make a one-time cash or check donation, or use the payroll deduction method. The payroll deduction is quick, easy, and the sacrifice of giving is spread out over the entire year. Please consider giving even small amounts to a charity of your choice, we only ask once a year. ...THANK YOU... Local Federal Coordinating Committee Southwest North Dakota Combined Federal Campaign 2014 Southwestern North Dakota CFC Hero Club The Southwestern North Dakota Combined Federal Campaign Hero Club recognizes individuals who provide exceptional leadership in charitable giving in CFC. You become a Hero Club member by making a contribution that reaches a designated level. 24 Karat ($5,000 and above) Platinum ($2,500 to $4,999) FAA, Airport District Office Gold ($1,000 to $2,499) USDA Forest Services US District Court Social Security Administration
    [Show full text]
  • The Coast Advertiser Forty-Seventh Year, No
    D u b l i n - . 5 e -ifi3ar ' -ST. J . The Coast Advertiser Forty-Seventh Year, No. 2. BELMAR, NEW JERSEY, FRIDAY, JUNE 2, 1939 Single Copy 4 c THE BURDGE GIVEN ROW WITH GIRL SILVERSTEIN SAYS :ide Column 5 TO 10 YEAR FRIEND LEADS TO BELMAR HAS TITLE PRISON TERM By T om T ighe YOUTH'S ARREST TO STATION PLAZA Robbing the Public . Two Sons, Third Youth Are pCK K EN T shortages in accounts of Melvyn Riggs Held on In­ Solicitor Contends Railroad Placed on Probation by public officers was anticipated tent to Kill Charge; Gun Lost Claim by Not Main­ with the passage of the Princeton Lo­ Judge Knight for cal Government bills which require Found in Parked Car. taining Property Deeded Theft of Fowl. the newly-created Department of Lo­ Bail Set at $2,500. by Ocean Beach Assn. cal Government to circularize taxpay­ L. A five to ten year term in the New ers who are listed as delinquent on A disagreement with his girl friend public records . ten percent of tax­ Jersey state prison was given to The probability that Belmar may Ernest Burdge, sr., 47, of Tiltons Cor­ Friday caused the arrest of Melvyn proceed without further negotiation payers in every municipality will be F. Riggs, 23, of Manasquan, on charges questioned this year about their tax ners, Wall township, confessed leader with the New York and Long Branch, of a gang of chicken thieves which of possessing a dangerous weapon and railroad for the beautification of the receipts . when discrepancies are intent to kill.
    [Show full text]
  • Grundy Council to Host Public Hearing About Bonds for Lighting Project
    The Grundy Register Thursday, September 26, 2013 Serving Grundy County since 1928 Grundy Center, Iowa Volume 89 – Number 39 www.TheGrundyRegister.com $1.00 Newsstand Price Grundy Council to host Grundy Center High School public hearing about names Homecoming King, Queen candidates bonds for lighting project By JOHN JENSEN Steve Hinderhofer of 2Coats Inc. The Grundy Register met with the Council to discuss the GRUNDY CENTER — The possibility of closing H Avenue be- Grundy Center City Council will tween 13th and 14th Streets on Sat- hold a public hearing at its Oct. urday, Oct. 5 for the annual 2Coats 21 meeting regarding issuance of Fall Festival. Hinderhofer said the a GEO Bond that will pay for an event is being moved to Orion Park upcoming street light replacement this year because it has shelters and project. facilities already in place that the The project would replace lights group had needed to bring to Court- along G Avenue as well as traffic house Square in the past. He said one control lights at the intersections of person lives on the affected block G and Sixth Street and G and Sev- and that the group will meet and enth Street. work with them, possibly closing Council member Janetta Miller only the portion of the road beyond asked if there is any way the city can their driveway. Council approved pay for the project as it goes rather the request unanimously. than purchase the bonds. Council also approved a liquor “Give me some history. Why are license for Family Foods. we bonding this?” she asked.
    [Show full text]
  • Especially for Teachers: Selected Documents on the Teaching of Science 1966-1981
    MICROCOPY RESOLUTION TEST CHART NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS STANDARD REFERENCE MATERIAL 1010a {ANSI and 60 /es,. CHART No 21 - - .1 DOCUMENT RESUME ED 247-080 SE 039 713 AUTHOR Helgeson, Stanley, Comp.; And Others TITLE Especially for Teachers: Selected Documents on the Teaching of Science 1966-1981. INSTITUTION ERIC Clearinghouse for Science, Mathematics, and Environmental Education, Columbus, Ohio. SPONS AGENCY Natioffal Inst. of Education (ED), Washington, DC. PUB DATE Dec 82 CONTRACT 400-78-0004 NOTE 283p.; Portions of subject index may be ma:ginally legible due. to light print. AVAILABLE FROMSMEAC Information Reference Center, The Ohio State Univ. 1200 Chambers Rd., Rm. 310, Columbus, OH 43212 410.00). PUB TYPE Reference Materials - Bibliographies (131) -- /ConInformation Analyses - ERIC Information Analysis Produc EDRS PRICE MF01/PC12 Plus Postage. DESCRIPTORS Biological Sciences; Curriculum Guides; *Elementary School Science; Elementary Secondary Education; Exceptional Persons; *Instructional Materials; Interdisciplinary Approach; Physical Sciences; *Resource-Materials; *Science-Activitiesl-Science Careers; Science Education; Science Instruction; *Secondary School Science; Teacher Education; *Teaching Methods ABSTRACT Designed to supplement the day-to-day planning, teaching, and evaluation activities of science teachers at all educational levels, this compilatiou contains over 900 resumes of practitioner-oriented documents announced in "Risources in Education" (RIE) between 1966 and 9811 The resumes are pregented under 'these headings: (1) elementary (biology/life science, careers, curriculum, earth/space/meteorology/oceanography, energy, multiple'areas, physical sciences); (2) secondary (biology, careers, 'chemistry, earth/space/meteorology/oceanography, multidisciplinary, physics/physical science); (3) K-12 exceptional (including materials for handicapped and gifted stldents); and (4) various K-12 subjects. A list of documents by ED number, an author index, and a subject index (using terms from the "Thesaurus of ERIC Descriptors") are included.
    [Show full text]