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Bill Katz Radio Group

www.americanradiohistory.com . r I

www.americanradiohistory.com RADIO'S 75TH

Elvis to Big Bands to revive it, and ended up with Rush Limbaugh and Talk Radio, PUBLISHER'S NOTES perhaps the most significant milestone in Radio in decades. When times got tough we invented automation and later, satellite delivery. We became the darlings of Wall Street and watched as fools overpaid Ratlio Relui for our properties, waiting to see who would be left with the joker. We saw many fall. We regrouped, learned our from a new station in Miami, Florida. lesson, and came out stronger than ever. "Can you be here in three days?" the PD Radio is powerful. With words and asked. Needless to say, I packed my music, it affects listeners lives, sets music Volkswagen and headed south for an trends, sells millions of books and CDs opportunity of a lifetime. I was 17 and and influences elections. Talk Radio has

the station was Y -100. We debuted Au- become the en vogue place to go for out - gust 3, I973 and I was part of the lineup. of -work politicians who know the strength Our first order of business was to give of its voice. And yet there are those among away the first $50,000 jackpot in Radio. us who either don't understand the depth There are a thousand stories just like of Radio's influence or choose to ignore it. mine. Others were on the air by age 13 Though we may consider some of these and I 4. Many were in big markets before people to be irresponsible, and even ped- their 18th birthday. We were all inspired dling bigotry or smut, we must defend by great personalities and stations and their right to do so. Ultimately the audi- would sweep floors and run Sunday morn- ence will decide their fate. ing church tapes to get an opportunity to Radio advertising transforms Ma and one day ... with sweaty palms and great Pa businesses into superstores. We've all anxiety, open the mike and give an ID. experienced the gratification of taking a We spent hours listening to airchecks of company with a small budget and mak- the "greats," mimicking their styles, memo- ing them into a huge success overnight. rizing their breaks. Today we still secretly Some of these overnight success stories Rhoads on Y -loo in 1974. "talk up" the intros of songs we hear on the then abandon Radio because they can air when we're in the car alone. afford to do TV, but they often return Shout it from the rooftops, let the To me, Radio has been a hobby and because Radio worked so well.

rafters ring ... Radio is 75 years old! a career. I can't recall too many days As we enter the digital age we will

Radio's official birthday is based on when I was so frustrated that I wanted to see changes in media that will confuse the first commercial license issued abandon the business. everyone (especially consumers). Yet it's to, and the first broadcast by, KDKA Radio is magical, even today when Radio that will come out on top. It is Pittsburgh which broadcast results of things have become more scientific and Radio that is the easiest medium to use, the Harding -Cox elections. The date cookie -cutterish. Just when you think easiest to buy, most targeted, the closest was November 2, 1920. We're starting the business is getting boring, somebody to the consumer, the least expensive, and the celebration now because this issue really good surfaces and makes you feel the most omnipresent. marks Radio Ink's third birthday and our excited again. Our business is cyclical. It's no wonder I'm still excited about 75th issue. Formats come and go. Listeners age and Radio. Advertisers who've been living in It's said that Radio gets into your their tastes change. Programmers chase the Dark Ages are again realizing Radio's blood and that once you've become a part the elusive three share, living book to strength. They're abandoning their baby - of the business, you become addicted. book like a baby bird holding its mouth boomer television mindsets for something Many leave the business only to return open for yet another worm. The rest of us new, fresh and powerful to sell their prod- because they miss the excitement, the strive to meet the sales goal for the week, ucts. They're mining for new alternatives community involvement, the passion, the month, quarter, or year. We freshen our and they keep coming up with Radio. opportunity to contribute and make an stations with new jingles, new IDs, and Every day I thank God for my career immediately noticeable difference. I sup- we circulate our personalities as if we had in Radio. Though I'm only a spec in its pose I fit into the addicted category, hav- stock in U -haul. 75 -year history, I couldn't have asked for ing left the business for a short time, only Radio is resilient. When TV attacked a better time to be a part of it. I think this to return to it with even more passion. us we invented Top 40. When MTV came thing called Radio is starting to catch on For me, there has been nothing more along we kept playing the hits and soon ... again! iti exciting than my first "big break." Mine learned that MTV didn't impact listening came early on an August morning in Fort like everyone said it would. When AM

Wayne, Indiana, when I received a call Radio died we tried everything from all

RADIO 1995 /RADIO'S 75TH ANNIVERSARY INK 3 www.americanradiohistory.com OFFICIAL PUBLICATION RADIO'S 75TH CELEBRATION -_--de: / = -.-, / s' \ i i

The Dallas Sound 120 by Bruce Buchanan Music Hit Lists 122 4 brief look at a lost art Radio Milestones by Era: Pre 20s 127 20s /30s 129 30s /40s 131 50s 133 60s 135 Publisher's Notes 3 70s 137 Just Who Did Invent Radio? 28 80s 139 by B. Eric Rhoads 90s 141 Golden Era Snapshots 34 Future Forecast 144 Rare historical photos. NAB and RAB chiefs predict Radio's future A Few Incidents from Radio Days Past .... 44 by Charles Alichdson Black Radio History 48 Promotion Classics 52 Are there really any new ideas: Radio Main Street USA 62 by Bob Doll Radio's Technical Past 64 How did we ever broadcast anything' SPECIAL THANKS It All Started with Talk! 76 TO OUR SPONSORS! by Michael Harrison and Walter Sabo The Evolution of Call Letters 79 What's In a Name? ; 75 Who Made a Difference 86 3 Radio's Pioneer Programmers 94 Katz Radio Group by Tom Sbovan Top 40: The Omaha Story 98 by Kent Burkhart The Birth of the "Boss" 100 N'AB" by Ron Jacobs Personality Scrapbook 108 óh11 The voices that made the face of Radio.

RADIO INK 4 1495 /RADIO'S 75TI- ANNIVERSARY www.americanradiohistory.com OFFIZIAL SPONSORS

Katz Radio Group 6-14, 142 NAB Broadcasters 15 -19 Broadcast Music, Inc. 21 -25

CORPORATE PROFILES

EZ Communications 26 Alliance Broadcasting, L.P. 32 CBS Radio Division 42 American Urban Radio Networks 46 Broadcast Direct Marketing 50 Carter Broadcast Group, Inc. 60 Westwood One Companies 74 Beasley Broadcast Group 84 Susquehanna Radio Corp. 84 TM Century 84 The Griffir Reports 92 Metro Networks 118 Communications Equity Associates 126 Tapscan 128 KD Kanopy, Inc. 130 Buckley Rodio 132 Brown Broadcasting Company 134 Szabo Associates, Inc. 136 Citicasters, Inc. 138 Granum Communications, Inc 140 Shamrock Broadcasting, Inc. 143 Jacor 145

Vol. X, Number 14 July 10 - 23, 1995 Cover illustration by Steve Boswick Editorial Offices: 224 Datura Street Suite 701 Copyright 01995 by Strcansbnc Publishing, Inc. and Radio Ink (ISSN i 064.587X) All rights reserved. Radio Ink is published biweekly January West Palm Beach, FL 33401 through June, semimonthly sn !uly, biweekly August . November and monthly in December. 25 issues each year, by Streamline Publishing,

Inc , 224 Datura Street Suite 701, West Palm Beach, FL 33401. @r Radio Ink is a registered trademark of Streamline Publishing, Inc Phone (407) 655 -8778 POSTMASTER. Send change.. of address to Radio Ink, 224 Datura Street Suite 701, West Palm Beach, FL 33401. Second Class Postage Main FAX (407) 655 -6164 paid at West Palm Beach, FL. Subscriptions. subscription rate: Two years $225.00, One Year $125 00, Six Months S75 00. Canadian Editorial Dept. FAX (407) 655 -6134 subscribers $350.00 for two years, $ 17500 for one year, or $ 100.00 for sm months. European subscribers $398.00 for two years, $ 199 00 for one year, or $110.00 for six months. (Florida residents add 6% sale, tax.) All subscnprions, renewals and changes of addressshould include Subscription Information/Advertising / address label from most recent issue and be sent to the Circulation Department, Radio Ink, 224 Datura Street Suite 701, West Palm Beach, Classifieds/Resource Directory FL 33401. Copying done for other than personal or internal reference without the express permission of Radio Ink is prohibited. Address requests Phone (407) 655 -8778 Bulk Business Mail a d at West Palm Beach. FL for special permission to the Managing Editor Reprints and back issues available upon 14 Permit .1039 for third class enclosure request Printed in the United States. a Main FAX (407) 655 -6164

1995 /RADIO'S 75TH ANNIVERSARY www.americanradiohistory.com KATZ RADIO GROUP A DIVISION OF KATZ COMMUNICATIONS INC.

Stu Olds PRESIDENT

July 12, 1995

Dear Fellow Broadcasters:

The Katz Radio Group is pleased to play such a significant role in the celebration of radio's 75th anniversary. We take a lot of pride in being the number -one radio rep company and feel very proud of the industry's progress in its first 75 years.

Katz has a unique bond to the industry because it is the only rep firm that was established before the birth of radio. The company's presence during radio's youth and throughout the medium's evolution has helped establish the Katz Radio Group as the most credible and influential rep in the business.

As an official sponsor of radio's 75th anniversary, we would like to take this opportunity to thank everyone in the industry for making radio what it is today. We know we wouldn't be where we are if it were not for our client stations, and our client stations wouldn't be where they are without their customers - advertisers, agencies and media -buying services that recognize radio's unsurpassed ability to communicate a targeted message and build a brand's equity. In a communicator's business, the relationship between a station and its audience is the foundation for success. And, I believe, that radio is being recognized and creatively utilized as a primary marketing medium by a growing number of advertisers because it works.

In fact, radio as a whole is enjoying a local and national resurgence that is probably unparalleled in the history of the medium - what a perfect time to celebrate history!

Here's to the next 75 years.

Best regards,

125 West 55TH Street New York, NY 10019 -5366

Tel: (212) 424 -6780 Fax: (212) 424 -6491

www.americanradiohistory.com RADIO SALES' LEADING FORCE: THE KATZ RADIO GROUP

Stu Olds

tory of great performance over an the Katz Radio Group. Another com- The Katz Radio Group consists of extended period of time and you pany was added to the Katz Radio six separate divisions - Banner Ra- have a formula for the best. Group in 1987, when what is now dio, Christal Radio, Eastman Radio, Katz entered the radio represen- Katz Hispanic Media was formed. In Katz Radio, Katz Hispanic Media and tation business in the early 1930s, the same year, Banner Radio was KRG Dimensions - representing a when several of the company's formed when Katz acquired the rep- total of more than 1,800 radio sta- newspaper clients purchased radio resentation con- tions in 270 markets. "And while stations. At that time, Katz Radio rep- tracts and person- each division is headed by a differ- resented 10 stations. From such an nel of Blair Radio. ent personality," explains KRG Presi- inauspicious beginning, however, In 1990, the Katz 3 dent Stu Olds. "They all conform to Katz Radio grew steadily into the Radio Group pur- a common structure and adhere to largest billing radio rep company. chased representation contracts and the KRG's sales- and performance - By 1984, Katz was finding ex- personnel of Eastman Radio and driven philosophy." pansion opportunities limited. This merged it with Republic Radio to The group's success as an orga- was the environment that prompted form a fifth KRG company. nization has been built on strong the company 's rapid growth. Imme- The most recent chapter of the leadership at the operating level, diately, Katz agreed to acquire two Katz Radio Group's history was writ- having great sales management, ex- additional rep companies, Christal ten this spring, when the Katz Ra- cellent sellers, and a solid, support- Radio and RKO Radio Sales (later dio Group formed KRG Dimensions, ive infrastructure. Add to that a his- named Republic Radio), and formed a division dedicated to (Continued on K8)

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ENS I ERN DI'ISION SIIETIIF:AST DIVISION MIDWESTERN DIVISION KRG AGRIMARKEIING I lhmrrr ,Ilrudov Ti,,, Robi u l( lre r Gumhuw VP/DIRECTOR Bob M, Arrluu \'I' REG IONAI. \I:\N,NGi'R N l' STATIONS VP STATIONS N-FSI'F:RN DIVISION ('ENTRAI. DIVISION NESTERN DIVISION KRG SPORTS NIARKEI'INI: 1,,, Iln ¡III( , Ume It'invon Erik Helium SEIVIORVPiDIRECTI)R Stu Hr Jh;

www.americanradiohistory.com KATZ RADIO GROUP DIMENSIONS: A LINK TO THE FUTURE

Bonnie Press

the end of 1994, these five separate dio programs, including The Wall Katz Radio Group's most recent entities were responsible for approxi- Street Journal Report. And KRG Di- venture, the formation of KRG Dimen- mately one fifth of all KRG billings. mensions' sports marketing arm is sions, marks a pivotal point in the his- "Over the course of those years, dedicated to selling air time on client tory of the KRG. This new company, the KRG has invested a great deal in stations that broadcast NFL, Major headed by President Bonnie Press, building each of these components as League Baseball, NBA, NHL, and vari- combines KRG's marketing, syndica- individual entities. Each has been tion, network, agri- marketing, and staffed with dedicated professionals, sports marketing units into one cohe- and many of these individuals came dimensions KRG The Best in Broadcast Marketing Solutions sive company with the ability to from outside the ranks of our spot seamlessly integrate their functions to companies. We have allowed these di- ous NCAA Division I college teams. the benefit of client stations, adver- visions and their respective personnel So what does all of this mean to tisers and agencies. This endeavor is to grow and mature over time. Hav- the company, its employees, client sta- also significant in that it puts Katz on ing accomplished this, the time was tions and agency/advertiser customers? the front edge of the ever -changing right to act and take this next step," First, and foremost, this gives the broadcast industry. said Press. strategic sales and marketing areas a "The formation of KRG Dimensions Dimensions, unlike the KRG's singular brand identity. Dimensions is groundbreaking," said Press. "With other divisions, does not have its own will be able to market this identity to the infrastructure we now have in client list. Instead, each of the strate- its clients and customers alike. Sec- place, KRG Dimensions' potential is gic sales and marketing arms will sell ond, KRG Dimensions meets the limitless. We are bound only by our on behalf of all of the represented sta- needs of a changing business environment. "The ability to deliver multi -dimensional marketing /me- "Integrated marketing is a buzz - dia programs that are customized to satisfy the needs of phrase of the '90s. Dimensions allows us to combine all aspects of its mar- the advertiser will be paramount." keting /media resources in order to satisfy an objective," said Press. "There creativity." tions of Banner Radio, Christal Radio, is much that can be done with net- The creation of this new division Eastman Radio, Katz Radio and Katz work and marketing, marketing and was not something that happened Hispanic Media. sports- marketing, etc. A cohesive, di- overnight. It dates back to the early KRG Network Dimensions cre- rected effort under the umbrella of Di- 1980s when the Katz Radio Group atively forms and sells "unwired" net- mensions allows us to truly maximize formed a network unit to creatively sell works of stations tailored to meet the synergies that exist within our the stations represented by the group's advertiser's quantitative and qualita- company and deliver increasingly individual divisions. In 1987, the KRG tive targets. The agri- marketing unit greater results." created a marketing arm and then over deals solely with the complex market- The third reason for this venture the course of the next few years it ing needs of the agriculture industry. is that now, together, under the aus- added KRG Agri- Marketing, KRG Syn- The syndication unit sells some of the pices of a single company, the growth dication and KRG Sports Marketing. By country's most popular syndicated ra- rate o= the specialty (Continued on K8)

www.americanradiohistory.com BANNER RADIO: CLIENT FOCUSED

Mike Chires

extension of our client's objectives, taining its identity as a sort of bou- When you're one of six radio rep never in lieu of them." tique rep firm, capable of offering cli- firms owned by the world's biggest ra- That philosophy is clearly evident ent stations lots of attention. dio sales company, it is a challenge in the company's tagline, "client fo- "I believe there was a need in our to maintain your own identity and es- cused," which adorns not only the industry for an extremely client -fo- tablish a reputation for excellence in- company's collateral materials, but cused company that was large dependent from the parent company. which also hangs from banners in its enough in size to afford the Yet, since its founding in 1987, Ban- hallways, serving as a reminder to all resources and personnel to ner Radio has done just that - em- Banner employees as to where their assemble a large enough phasizing its commitment to serving primary loyalties lie. sales force to super -serve alr client stations and becoming home to That has meant not only working client needs," Chires says. some of the Katz Radio Group's most hard to determine and meet client's "But, I thought it should still be struc- prestigious clients. needs, it has meant plowing back re- turally and philosophically a small Among its client groups are sources into the company to keep company that could be responsive CapitalCities /ABC, Tribune, Viacom, Banner one step ahead of the com- and anticipate client needs." Prism, Citicasters, Paxson, EZ Commu- petition. It often results in additional It's a tough balancing act, but it's nications, Knight Quality Stations and expenses, Chires concedes, but it more one that Banner has managed to pull Nationwide Broadcasting, just to than pays for itself in increased sales off, partially through its emphasis on name a few. Just in recent weeks, Ra- and client satisfaction. For example, specialization, which enables its ac- dio Equity Partners consolidated its Banner is the only rep that still main- count executives to better service cli- station representation with Banner, tains a Houston office, a move that ents. "Today's four -share world, the cre- "I strongly believe in meeting an agency's needs," Chires ative 'combo -ing' of stations and the consolidation of ownership has cre- says, "but as an extension of meeting our client station's, ated a very complex selling environ- and not vice versa." ment," says Chires. "Banner believes in a large sales force that is highly tal- adding another blue-chip company to costs the company tens of thousands ented and well- trained to proactively the Banner team. of dollars a year in additional capital serve client needs." Banner's president, Mike Chires, outlays, but which gives the company And that also means increased attributes the company's success to and, more importantly, regional client accountability. several factors. First, the company stations a decided advantage in maxi- "My people know I won't ask decided to emphasize its service to its mizing revenue. them to go off in different directions," client stations, stressing that station Second, Chires believes that Ban- says Chires. "But I expect them to de- needs and objectives are the driving ner has been able to capitalize on the liver the goods - and make the sales force behind the rep's marketing strat- resources that the Katz Radio Group on behalf of our clients." egies. can offer - such as unsurpassed re- And deliver they have. Since 1987, "I strongly believe in meeting search and marketing capabilities and when the Katz Radio Group purchased agency needs," Chires says, "but as an clout in the industry - while still re- the assets of what had (Continued on K8)

www.americanradiohistory.com CHRISTAL RADIO: QUALITY RELATIONSHIPS,QUALITY LISTS.

Bill Fortenbaugh

"We've been able to combine the Christal will carry through the next 75 As president of Christal Radio, Bill energy and excitement that we draw years, Fortenbaugh explains, "Our suc- Fortenbaugh maintains with pride, a from the new sales people coming out cess over the last several years in culture of representing well -respected of our training program with the ten- building Christal's market share broadcasters with market leading sta- ured relationships of our more expe- proves to me that client stations value tions throughout the country. This has rienced account executives. The na- the traditional elements of a strong been a Christal tradition since the tional rep business, by definition, has national sales organiza- company's beginning. a high employee turnover rate. tion. And, while we must "When Henry Christal started out, Christal bucks this trend in office af- be light on our feet and all he would represent were 50,000 ter office. Our managers and our sell- adapt to changing tech- watt, clear-channel market leaders. So ers have more time with Christal and nologies and evolving if you came to him and said 'I have a our clients than our competitors do sales environments, we need to con- new FM rock -'n -roll in Charlotte,' with their respective companies," said tinue to deliver those elements that Henry would have told you to forget Fortenbaugh. have helped our company grow. We about it. Nobody, of course, would tell The team's dedication and pas- need to continue to deliver a large ten- you that today. But those are the roots sion is instrumental to reaching the ured well- managed sales staff. of his company, and things tend to division's ultimate and yet most basic "We need to continue to surround stay according to the culture that still goal: To establish a relationship with ourselves with quality clients that give lives on in this company," explained the broadcasters and serve as their us a bigger share of mind inside the Fortenbaugh. national sales representatives wher- agencies and we need to provide our Today, Christal's client list includes ever they choose to buy a station. sales people with quality research, which frees them up to be out of the "Our success has been one based on performance - we can office making productive sales calls. "While these elements are impor- deliver on this relationship by client's ex- performing to our tant to our continued growth, it's criti- pectations." cal we make our company feel small by being accountable and responsive some of the nations' leading stations As Fortenbaugh explains, "Our to our client stations. We do that via including WGN and WLIT, Chicago; success has been one based on per- our management structure, which KOST and KFI -AM, Los Angeles; and formance - we can deliver on this re- enables us to over manage our cli- WMZQ -FM, Washington. lationship by performing to our ent and station's business. The positive environment of client's expectations. "And because "If we continue to deliver on

Christal Radio is clearly a reflection of this is still a business of relationships these elements, I believe Christal can the division's enormous success. When - in fact, relationships account for that continue to increase its market share you visit the Christal offices, more of- much more in the time -compressed and eventually replace Katz [Radio' as ten that not, you will hear the enthusi- world we live in today - the tenure the country's number -one billing na- astic clamor of the sales team hard at our office manager has gives us an tional rep." work. And this is all part of what sets immense leg up over the competition. Christal apart from the other divisions. "When asked what practices

www.americanradiohistory.com EASTMAN RADIO: THE FASTEST -GROWING REP FIRM

Carl Butrum

Eastman has experienced remarkable the Katz Radio Group, seeks to have From Eastman Radio's earliest days growth and the ability to more quickly the most superior selling tools for its in the rep business, it has been known respond to an ever -changing market- employees. They have instituted an as the "the Eastman Tiger," an ac- place. In fact, with Butrum at the reins, extensive, six -week on -site training knowledgment of the firm's reputa- Eastman has been named the fastest - program, in addition to another two - tion for aggressive selling. Today, un- growing rep two years in a row. He week training session con- der the leadership of Carl Butrum, characterizes himself as an intensely ducted solely by Eastman. Plm Eastman is still known for its aggres- competitive, responsive person who Furthermore, Eastman has siveness and its willingness to go the doesn't dictate selling styles for his implemented 7:30 a.m. extra distance to close the sale on employees, only skill levels. He's says sales skill sharpening ses- behalf of its client stations. he is concerned about his employees sions to give their account executives "Robert Eastman [who founded business, helping to ensure that they an extra edge. the company in 1958] wanted a com- succeed, yet always giving them the Eastman also has access to Katz's pany that would work harder than room to grow. Butrum says he is will- Probe system, the largest data of ra- anyone in the business," said Carl ing to help anyone at anytime, busi- dio sales information in the industry, Butrum, president of Eastman Radio. ness or personal, and says his employ- which enables the company to better "Even though the client list might not ees know that "his word is his bond." position its stations to the media-buy- have been as long as the others, Butrum credits Eastman's accomplish- ing community. Eastman is commit- Eastman would out run and out work ments to the intense work ethic that ted to giving its stations and employ- the competition." Robert Eastman instilled 37 years ago ees everything that is needed to be While Eastman is long on scrap- and to his employees, who Butrum successful, not only focusing sights on employee training, but also on tech- "I firmly believe we provide a key element in the Ameri- nology and enlarging its sales force. "The more sales people we have," can marketing system. We are the grease and the gears Butrum says, "the more we are like of the industry." an aircraft carrier, capable of an assault at any time. piness, it certainly isn't short on re- says are "top of the list." With the information superhigh- sources either, thanks in large mea- "If you take care of your own way already being paved and help- sure to its purchase in 1990 by the people, your clients, customers and ing to create a new environment for Katz Radio Group and its subsequent employees will take care of you." the media rep industry, Butrum be- merger with the KRG's Republic divi- In order to meet the new chal- lieves Eastman Radio will flourish as sion. lenges and demands of the rep indus- the technologies become more ad- "Katz gave Eastman the resources try and to ensure the success and vanced and sophisticated. of the largest rep firm in the world," prosperity of its stations, Butrum and "Our company will thrive in an in- Butrum says. "We are now part of a Eastman emphasize face -to -face sales formation superhighway environ- winning team with global marketing and highly specialized training for ment because we will seek to gain a capabilities." Eastman's individual sales people. sales advantage. It's only a means to Under the KRG's umbrella, Eastman Radio, in conjunction with an end," he says. (Continued on K8)

www.americanradiohistory.com KATZ RADIO: A LEGACY OF PERFORMANCE

Bob McCurdy

styles, we do all possess certain key ever -changing environment the com- With call letters like KABC /KLOS, qualities - focus, discipline, high ex- pany has made a commitment to pro- WJR, WMMS, KOIT, WXKS and WLTW pectations and a genuine love for the viding the best training and sales - Katz Radio's client list speaks for it- business. tools. The division implements both self. However, the strength behind its "We look for people who have an account executive training pro- station list stems from much more made a commitment to their careers gram and a management training than call letters. and the industry," said McCurdy. "We program. Katz Radio, headed by President want people who are committed, not "Because this business Bob McCurdy, has a wealthy heritage [merely] interested, in doing the best is changing constantly, it is that dates back to 1935, and includes possible job for our clients. That's the very important to keep a client list that typically contains the only way you can stay on top. your finger on the pulse of leading stations in most markets. This "There's usually a company within the industry and to ensure that sales historical leadership is something an industry that has established itself people receive proper training, guid- McCurdy feels very strongly about. as the standard and sets the pace for ance and coaching. It is equally im- "Katz Radio has a successful heri- the rest. We try very hard to fill this role." portant that as things change we tage that we must live up to every Katz Radio is one of six reps that don't lose sight of the needs of our day," explains McCurdy. "We've been compete under one roof - The Katz clients and maintain top -notch perfor- the top rep for 17 years and a lot of Radio Group. McCurdy feels that this mance and responsiveness," McCurdy blood, sweat and tears have gone into infrastructure is truly "excellent," and said. making and keeping it what it is. that the competition within the KRG McCurdy feels the best way he, as We're all cognizant of this and feel we makes it easier for Katz Radio to main- a rep, can stay abreast of the market is by continuing to provide services "We want people who are committed, not [merely] in- that maintain Katz Radio's validity. terested, in doing the best possible job for our clients. "As the radio industry changes with deregulation, duopolies, DAB and That's the only way you can stay on top." EDI, we must be astute enough to anticipate these changes, react and then have a reputation to live up to. We tain its competitive edge. execute to ensure that we continue take this very seriously." "Christal, Banner and Eastman are to provide a valuable and needed ser- This is the philosophy that drives our strongest competitors, as they em- vice," he added. McCurdy and his entire division. Katz brace many of our same philosophies Wien asked how he felt about Radio spends a significant amount of and values. Therefore we must continue radio's progression, McCurdy ex- time ingraining norms and expecta- to work smarter and a little harder, to plained "Radio is finally being recog- tions. In fact, it's the first topic dis- maintain our edge, because there's one nized as the medium it is. The indus- cussed when someone joins this com- thing we won't do and that's relinquish try has a lot to do with this and so pany. our number-one position." does the fact that many of the other "We try to acculturate our people. Katz Radio demands a lot from its media are going through dramatic And, while our company is made up sales people, and in order to help changes. Right now, radio is actually of many people with many different them deliver in today's complex and the most stable (Continued on K8)

www.americanradiohistory.com KATZ HISPANIC MEDIA: #1 IN THE HISPANIC MARKET

dominant Spanish -language station in As a result, he says, Katz Hispanic n 1987, when the Katz Radio Group the market. KLAX, in fact, over the last goes after not only Hispanic budgets formed a new division to exclusively two years is consistently the number - on a buy, but general- market budgets represent Spanish -language radio sta- one station in Los Angeles - English as well. tions, a lot of people scoffed. After all, or Spanish. In addition, KXTN in San "We represent our clients for ev- what does a big, predominantly Anglo Antonio, KGBT /KIWW in McAllen and ery opportunity going into their mar- company like Katz know about reach- KBNA in El Paso are consistently num- ket, regardless of ing a narrowly targeted and some- ber -one in key demos in their respec- whether or not times idiosyncratic audience like Lati- tive markets. Not a bad line -up to be the product is nos? Well, eight years later, appar- repping, concedes Jeff Hodge, Katz specifically tar- ently a lot. Hispanic's vice president and general geting Latinos," Katz Hispanic Media, as the com- sales manager. he says. "Our strategy is to let each pany is now called, is now the num- Katz Hispanic attributes its success market's story convey the importance ber -one billing Spanish -language ra- to a combination of having the Katz of including Hispanic [radio] in a gen- dio representative, representing such Radio Group's resources at its disposal eral- market buy." Hispanic media giants as Spanish in such crucial areas as research and In many of these markets, the His- Broadcasting System (SBS) and marketing and to a two -pronged ap- panic community is simply too impor- Tichenor Media System. Between proach to selling Spanish radio. Hodge tant and influential a group to ignore, those two groups alone, Katz has rep- explains that while the company has even if you are marketing the most resentation of stations in such key His- marketed itself aggressively to His- seemingly non -ethnic product. And, panic markets as Los Angeles (KLAX panic agencies, it has made its big- given the Katz Radio Group's reputation in general- market radio, Katz His- "We represent our clients for every opportunity going into panic has instant credibility in the general- market shops. their market, regardless of whether or not the product is "With four of the top general rep specifically targeting Latinos." firms as our sister companies," Hodge says, "we're ideally prepared to cap- and KXED), New York (WSKQ AM /FM), gest inroads marketing the medium ture and grow these opportunities." Miami (WCMQ AM /FM), Chicago to general- market shops. In terms of being able to reach (WIND and WOJO), Houston (KLAT, "When you market Spanish -lan- agencies and media -buying shops, KLTN and KLTO), San Antonio (KXTN guage radio, you're marketing the buy- Katz Hispanic Media has a distinct ad- AM /FM and KCOR /KROM), McAllen ing power of the Latino community, vantage. The company has dedicated (KGBT /KIWW) and El Paso (KBNA which is not only the fastest -growing offices in Chicago, Dallas, Los Ange- AM /FM). Added to this impressive cli- segment of the U.S. population but one les, New York and San Francisco. ent list are such additional power- that is becoming increasingly affluent," Within the next few months, it will houses as KOFY in San Francisco, says Hodge. "And that has ramifications additionally be the first rep to open a KRVA AM /FM in Dallas and XHKY/ not just for products that are targeting San Antonio office. Katz Hispanic can XLTN in San Diego. Hispanics but for every product mar- also tap into Katz Radio Group offices Almost all of these stations are the keted nationally in this country." in Atlanta, Boston, (Continued on K8)

www.americanradiohistory.com THE KATZ RADIO GROUP KATZ RADIO continued... continued... marketing KRG stations in network, about radio's value and impact. medium - its strengths are always new business development, sports "As robust as spot radio's growth the same - strong reach, frequency,

and agri- marketing sales. has been in recent years, I don't think immediacy and selectivity." In answer to the question "What advertisers are using the medium to As far as the next 75 years, does the KRG have in store for the its best advantage," he said. "I think McCurdy feels that radio is going to future ?" President Stu Olds says "The people will realize that radio and its get better, and stronger. However, he best is yet to come as we build on our attributes make it not only a very pow- also says that it's important that the leadership positions in sales, market- erful retail medium but an extremely industry not rest on its laurels. The ing, research and training. We are a effective wholesale medium. Radio is business is cyclical and the goal company uniquely prepared to meet not just a tool for building in -store traf- should be to aim for longer up cycles the challenges of the future." fic - we can do the upfront imaging than down. Therefore, we must con- and brand building as well as, if not tinue on the path we're on and remain DIMENSIONS better than, any medium." committed to aggressively market But when word what radio's strengths. continued... the about radio can do for brand equity gets out, KATZ HISPANIC MEDIA sales units can be accelerated as the Chires says, we're going to see even continued... company continues to move forward. more impressive growth in the me- And what falls in place as the fourth dium and, of course, from Banner. Detroit, Minneapolis, Philadelphia, reason is the career opportunities that "As an advertising medium - in Portland, St. Louis and Seattle to cap- are now available, as well as the op- terms of reach, frequency and its abil- ture the biggest shares of Hispanic portunity for individual growth and di- ity to target an audience - radio is business emerging from those mar- versification. second to none. That's the message kets. "Dimensions will be instrumental Banner is going to be telling the world. Yet, for all of Katz Hispanic's suc- in paving the way to the 21st cen- And that's the message that will take cess, Hodge sees tremendous poten- tury," says Press. "The ability to de- radio and this company into the next tial fcr growth in the future. liver multi-dimensional marketing/ century." "For all the talk about Hispanic media programs that are customized marketing among advertisers and to satisfy the needs of the advertiser EASTMAN RADIO agencies, the Hispanic market is still will be paramount. Yet there is one continued... relatively untapped," he says. thing that remains constant - the General- market radio spending in commitment to our roots - to radio. "Nothing, however, can or will take Los Angeles alone was 50 percent

The last 75 years set the stage, and I the place of a face -to -face sales call. greater than the total ad spending on believe radio will reach new heights "If the rep business didn't exist Spanish -language stations nationally, as we begin the next 75." today, someone would invent it to- Hodge points out. This, despite the BANNER RADIO morrow," he adds. "The rep business fact that the number -one station in LA is alive and well because it works. It is a Spanish -language station. continued... serves an important service for clients "Hispanics already comprise been Blair Radio and formed Banner, and customers. It will be here long about 10 percent of the population," the company's spot billings have after we're gone." he says. "Yet, they receive only about grown by more than 49 percent, out- According to Butrum, this is easily 5 percent of the ad dollars. That is pacing the 42 percent growth that na- his most exciting time in radio be- clearly a market that hasn't fully been tional spot radio saw during that same cause he says the opportunities are tapped. time period. endless. He sees the future of radio "Since Hispanic marketing is the

Despite this formidable growth as even brighter. media buzzword for the '90s , as we spurt, Chires believes Banner's great- "I firmly believe we provide a key aggressively tell the story [of the ben- est growth is yet to come. element in the American marketing efits of advertising on Spanish -lan- Many buyers, he says, regard ra- system. We are the grease and the guage radio] during the next several dio as a commodity that should be gears of the industry. We can intro- years, we will see tremendous rev- bought on a cost -per -point basis. duce a new product to the public enue growth." That's partially the radio industry's qu °cker and more effectively than any And that, says Hodge, will be fault - including the reps - for not other medium. This is the immediacy good for both Katz Hispanic and for successfully getting the message out of radio." Spanish -language radio as a whole.

www.americanradiohistory.com Notional Association of Edward O. Fritts

NVAB C President and CEO BRCaDC.ASIERS 1771 N Street, NW Washington, DC 20036 -2891

Radio, At 75th Anniversary, Continues Its Winning Ways

Most radio broadcasters have a passion for their work but it has taken more than passion to keep the radio industry at age 75 more fort- of drive and vigor than the Energizer Bunny.

Radio has discovered the secret of eternal youth, but it isn't a can of spinach a day or a megadose of vitamin C. The secret is that radio excels in detecting and coping with change. The best people in radio stay just ahead of their listeners. ?hat's an art, a service andgood business.

Al wise politician said about midway in radio's journey through the 20th Century that all politics is local" and, to a great extent, the best of radio is local. Serving your chosen audience requires a different mix of sounds and services than the station across town uses for its different audience.

So radio thrives on majoring in change and minoring in details that make a difference. But in all types of stations and all sizes of markets there are a few constants that make up radio's essential character. These are immediacy, flexibility, portability, connectivity and companionship. Most other media would (kill for these. They've tried.

But radio !keeps marching on andgetting better. I !!give you 2:1 odds on radio over that bunny.

LA, USA New Orleans, b 1995 Centerter September Convention New Orleans

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As an NAB Radio Member your station will enjoy a S300 discount off each full convention /NAB registration for The NAB Radio Show. Plus, you will receive numerous other benefits, membership including: will allow your station access to Staff Services - Benefit from the NAB staff's expertise in research & planning and these money saving legal and technical issues, plus members have access to the extensive NAB Library benefits. Information and Center. Insurance Information - NAB keeps you informed with a variety of newsletters and infor- Programs mational brochures. and offers resources like the Employment Clearinghouse and National Campaigns. Libel /First Amendment - Protect your station against loss and preserve Discounted Services improve the efficiency of your operation and - your editorial and programming freedom. reduce your day -to -day operating expenses through discounted services for NAB members, ranging from insurance programs to Property & Casualty - Use your own Airborne Express and Sprint. agent to customize an insurance package based on your station's diverse needs. Education - NAB provides many forums for new ideas and information - plus you'll receive substantial discounts on Long Term Disability - Designed to be conventions and seminars. affordable, easy to administer and open to stations of all sizes. Awards - Take advantage of opportunities for national recognition for yourself and your station through Group Term Life - Accommodates your employees NAB's distinguished awards programs. / financial needs and your budget. For additional information on NAB member / Member Discounts benefits and to join, call (202) 429 -5400. Long Distance - offers discounts on long distance telephone service. Register Today! Avis. Alamo & Hertz Car Rental -o -fers discounts off of daily and Register before July 28 and save weekly car rentals. S100 on your full convention regis- Airborne Express can save you hundreds of dollars a year. tration. Simply complete the reg- - istration form on the back of SkyTel Paging Service - members save 10% on monthly charges and pay this brochure and mail or fax no activation fee. it in. If you need additional Telememo 24- hour broadcasters' telecommunications network that doesn't information on the con- / -A require costly investments in equipment. ference, please call (800) 342 -2460 (in MBNA Financial Services - MasterCard, Certificates of Deposit, Money Markets. the U.S.) or (202) 775 -4970. For more information on these member programs, call: (800) 368 -5644 or (202) 429 -5373. NABM BRQADCASTBZS NAB MEMBER SERVICES

www.americanradiohistory.com CELEBRATE RADIO'S 75TH ANNIVERSARY AS YOU PREPARE FOR THE FUTURE!

oin the industry's most successful DON'T MISS THESE NAB RADIO SHOW HIGHLIGHTS... J managers at The NAB Radio Show and find real solutions to real problems. You'll Mel Karmazin and Lowry Mays, CEO's of two of the worlds largest, address the issues of today and discover the most influential radio groups, tools needed to ensure your success and explore "Radio: Today's Trends, the success of your organization. Tomorrow's Opportunities." From new revenue streams, duopolies and creative leadership techniques to regulatory, motivational and technological issues is some- -there At the NAB Radio Lun- thing here for everyone on your staff! cheon Ben Cohen and Jerry Management sessions will help you Greenfield of Ben & Jerry's Ice Cream share their achieve maximum results from your secrets to success and Nancy station and staff. Widmann, President of CBS Programmers will learn ways to improve Radio, receives the National listener loyalty and market share. 111 Radio Award. Sales and marketing professionals will "Opportunity '95 the Complete Radio Job Fair" provides managers and owners benefit from the tools offered in RAB's SEPTEMBER 6-9, 1995 with an opportunity to meet qualified EXHIBITS: SEPTEMBER 7 -9, 1995 high energy sales & marketing sessions. individuals seeking careers in radio. New Orleans Convenion Center An intense one day Digital Radio New Orleans, LoLisiona, USA Join FCC Chairman Seminar offers expert advice Reed Hundt at the and solutions for preparing Friday morning FCC your radio facilities for the Chairman's Breakfast and meet Commissioners James digital age without wasting Quello and Susan Ness, along assets on unproven technologies. with other high level FCC staff, Small market stations will as they take part in a variety benefit from a series of sessions of regulatory tailored to their unique needs. 11 Ell sessions.

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YES! Please send me information on The NAB Radio Show and World Med a Expo! RI FAX THIS COMPLETED FORM TO: (202) 429 -5343

Name Title You can also receive information from:

I I I I I AM Ell FM Company Call Letters Fax-on- Demand-dial (301) 216 -1847 from the touch -tone handset of your fax machine and follow voice instructions. Address World Wide Web-- http: //www.nab.org City State lip Country To speak with an NAB representative, call (800) 342 -2460 or (202) 775 -4970.

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www.americanradiohistory.com Solutions For Everyone on Your Staff! RADIO The NAB Radio Show is planned by a 21- member steering committee, a group of highly experienced radio professionals. Their mission is to develop a For tnttt program that will provide you with the tools and knowledge you need to forge (WI 'e bf%rrnttlion. I11111 312-2160 real solutions in radio management, programming and sales and marketing. or' cull or 2112 77.i. IN III l?t.r-On-I)emunl r_ ll. \lake plans now to attend with your entire staff and ... 3111' 2/6-1817/i'ont andwel September 6 -9, 1995 Benefit from educational sessions with practical, hands -on solutions q/lotn frt.r Inc touch machine lone New Orleans \I' twork with your colleagues at the numerous special events instructions. and /idlem or Il odd mice Convention Center I lisrover lI irle the newest and most innovative products and services for radio h(4r. tcu'a'r+an.org II en New Orleans, LA, USA at thr \\urld Media Expo Exhibits Special Events Management Sessions WEDNESDAY, SEPTEMBER 6 Teamwork In The '90s - Managing Your Non -Sales Staff 8:30 am - 12:30 pm - Radio Station Tours Needles In The Haystack: How To Find And Hire The Best People AM/ FM Station Improvements Under FCC Rules - 1:15 - 1:45 pm Sneak Preview, Letting - A Manager's Guide To Competitive Success The Most Out Of The NAB Radio Show Satellite DAB Forum beforeJ 2:00- 3:15 pun - Opening Ceremony Discrimination Playhouse (egj and Keynote Address, Sponsored By: McVay Media FCC Regulatory Update lob' 28 001 Meet The Press 6:00 - 8:00 pm - Radio's Opening Reception, aye Every Last Cent' S Sponsored By: Interep Radio Stores )CI(1 Station Cost Savings Tips' THURSDAY, SEPTE\II3ER 7 Duopolies, LMAs, And Station Acquisitions: Opportunities In The '90s 10:30 - 11:45 am - Radio: Today's Trends, Tomorrow's Pennies From Heaven: Small Market Station Financing' Opportunities, Sponsored By: Chase Manhattan Bank The Total Quality Service Radio Station with Dan O'Day 20 Great Promotions To Build Your Bottom Line' 5:00 - 6:30 pm - International Reception FCC Rule Enforcement: Crime And Punishment On M Street The Bleeding Edge: Technology - Friend Or Foe? FRIDAY, SEPTEMBER 8 Radio And The 104th Congress: A Spectrum Of Issues 7:30 - 8:45 am - FCC Chairman's Breakfast. with Reed Hundt Under One Roof: How To Save $ In A Duopoly Situation Presentations, Communications & The Deadly Fig Leaf With Wayne Cornils 12:00 - 1:45 pm NAB Radio Luncheon, featuring Ben Cohen and Jerry - Radio Renewal Primer: A Broadcaster's License Security Plan Greenfield. founders of Bru & -,. Ice Cream. Nancy Widmann. president Jern Digital Radio Seminar of CBS Radio, receive the National Radio award. will Profiting From Technology In The '90s Star -Studded Artist Showcase Party, Internet Bootcamp Sponsored By: SW Networks and Radio & Records

SATURDAY, SEPTEMBER 9 Sales & Marketing Sessions 9:00 am - 2:00 pm - "Opportunity '95: The Complete Radio Career Urban, Hispanic Formats: Getting The Revenue Shares You Deserve Fair," Broadcasters and job seekers: call (202) 429 -5498 to learn how you State of The Art Revenue Forecasting: can participate. Numbers To Live & Die By Real World Streetfighters 6:00 - 10:00 pm NAB MARCONI Radio - Small Market Duopoly Sales' Awards Reception, Dinner & Show, State :\nd Future Of National Sales Sponsored by: Reception CBS Radio; - Making Money In Non -Traditional Ways Dinner ASCAP; Entertainment - - State of Radio Sales With Gary Fries Premiere Radio Networks Sports Packaging: A Big Bucks Ballgarne' Duopoly Selling Strategies: The Great Debate' Programming Sessions How To Sell Your Sales Staff On Raising Rates Format Round tables - News- 'Palk /Sports Oldies /'70s Country Job Sharing: A Trend Of The Future For Sales AC Hispanic Rock CHR Urban Time Management For Managers with Dave Gifford Exploring And Exploding Radio's Myths Recruiting, Training & Retaining Small Market Salespeople' The Digital Radio Station: Anything Else Is History The Seven Critical Calculations With Chris Lytle Database And Event Marketing: Building Listener Loyalty & Profits Making Money And Keeping Out Of Trouble With Lottery, Contest Free Advice From The Experts (Q &A) And Casino Gambling Ads Spanking Or Time -Out: How To Manage Talent How Effectively Are You Measuring The Things That Really Count? With Creative Productivity For The '90s Norm Goldsmith Personality Radio Outside Of The Morning Drive The Future Of Radio Sales And Marketing: Geodemographic & Blockcoding Has Research Gone Too Far? New Technologies: Sales Management Systems Of The Future That Are Branding vs. Benchmarking: Battling For The Consumer's Mind Here Today Finding Your Voice With Marine Tobias You Can't Change The Wind But You Can Adjust Your Sales Surfing Your Future: Tips From \\ inners To Wipe -outs With Chuck Mefford With John Parikhal 'Sessions designed with a special focus for small market radio stations

Alan Box Jeff Trumper Denise Oliver Doyle Rose The NAB Radio EZ Communications Trumper Communications Westwood One Ennuis Broadcasting Show Steering Steering Committee Management Subcommittee Programming Sales/Marketing Committee Chairs Chairman (:hair Subcommittee Chair Subcommittee Chair www.americanradiohistory.com OFFICIAL PUBLICATION RADIO'S 75TH CELEBRATION

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www.americanradiohistory.com BMI

June 1995

Dear Broadcaster:

The Board of Directors of BMI join in the excitement of celebrating radio's 75th anniversary. America's radio broadcasters have created an enduring legacy of entertainment, information and public service that has enriched society and made a magnificent contribution to world culture.

BMI, founded 55 years ago by the radio industry, is proud to have played an important role in this process. Today's broadcasters can take great pride in BMI's critical role in providing opportunity and income to the songwriters of R &B, Country, Gospel, Jazz, and Rock & Roll - music that was ignored, even condemned, for decades. The courage and foresight of radio broadcasters in supporting the creators of these musical genres, through BMI, is a major chapter in the history of radio's first 75 years.

BMI is pleased to be a sponsor of this special edition of Radio Ink, and we look forward to bringing great music to radio for decades to come.

Sincerely,

Frances W. Preston Donald A. Thurston

_...!"....41--af-----1-7------President and CEO, BMI Chairman, BMI Board of Directors President, Berkshire Broadcasting

320 West 57th Street, New York, New York 10019 (212) 586 -2000 Telex: 127823

www.americanradiohistory.com BROADCAST MUSIC INC

A CREATIVE ALTERNATIVE IN MUSIC

ONE OF THE LANDMARKS OF RADIO BROADCATING'S FIRST 75 YEARS was the founding by a group of broadcasters in 1940 of a company that has t% become one of the crown jewels of the 4 14 world's music industry: Broadcast Music, Inc. BMI was founded at the ini- AP. tiative of the NAB Board and its President, Neville Miller, in the late 1930s. At Miller's instigation, Sidney Kaye, a CBS attorney, put together a l5 -page business plan for BMI in 1939. An early BMI Board Meeting. Neville Miller, center, was president of BMI has worked hard, often in the both the National Association of Broadcasters and BMI. face of adverse criticism and outright censorship, to assist in the democratization of American music, and has been an invaluable resource for countless individuals whose careers would likely not have existed were it not for BMI. The story of how the company was founded, its support of the nation's cultural diversity, and the many innovations it has sponsored in the monitoring of and compensation for the public performance of music underscore some of the reasons why and how music has come to be one of America's foremost contributions to the international marketplace.

THE WAY THINGS WERE

IN 1939, 85 PERCENT OF AMERICAN HOMES HAD RADIO RECEIVERS. THE MEDIUM WAS the primary form of family entertainment in the United States as well as one of the principal means by which consumers heard music, most often performed live. The performance cf that music, or use of any recordings, required that a racio station acquire a license from the single performance rights organization in existence at that time, the American Society of Composers, Authors, and Publishers (ASCAP). At that time ASCAP consisted of only 1,100 writers and 140 publishers, a select but by no means representative or exhaustive sample of American composers. Left out was the wide range of indigenous American music - rhythm & blues, country, jazz, blues, and gospel - its creators unable to profit from the public performance of their labors. It was BMI that eventually brought these genres - along with rock & roll - to the ears of America, establishing on enduring credibility with the most prominent creators in those fields. Not only was radio unable to license the wide range of American musical styles, but ASCAP's monopoly over music licensing led to "take it or leave it" demands for ever -higher license fees. When ASCAP, in 1939, asked for a 100 percent increase in rates over the previous year, a number of radio broadcasters acted upon the clear need for an alternative, competitive organization. Some 600 broadcasting organizations pledged sums equal to 50 percent of their 1937 ASCAP payments to provide capital and operating funds for the establishment of Broadcast Music Inc. NAB President Miller accepted an additional role as President of BMI, while CBS's Kaye was elected operating head and Secretary.

www.americanradiohistory.com GROWING PAINS

BMI, ITS COMPOSERS, AND RADIO BROADCASTERS SUFFERED BOTH CENSORSHIP and ridicule from established songwriters and publishers, who regarded much of indigenous American music that BMI licensed and promoted as beneath contempt. At first, they attacked it as being tasteless, banal, and offensive. The writers and publishers who supported the old, European - influenced pop style appeared to feel that the public's interest in such new forms as country, rhythm & blues, rock & roll, jazz, blues, or gospel was merely a fad that would run its course once their appreciation for "good music" returned. The public strongly disagreed, clamoring for more and more of the music BMI songwriters and composers offered. These attacks took on even greater ferocity during the early days of rock & roll, and resulted in attempts to shut BMI down or divorce it from broadcast ownership, all in the guise of a concern over a presumed rise in juvenile delinquency. In 1956, Congressman Emanuel Celler, chairman of the House of BMI championed America's music. Representatives Committee, conducted hearings at the Judiciary Country legend Hank Williams' classic behest of a group called the "Songwriters of America," many of American songs were part of the core of whom were leading members of ASCAP. They directly attacked BMI and accused it of contributing to the decay of the nation.

A CULTURAL LEGACY

BMIWEATHERED THESE HEARINGS, AND SEVERAL OTHER ATTEMPTS IN THE ENSUING years, as broadcasters were able to show Congress and the courts that BMI's role in expanding the diversity and quality of the American repertoire did not pose a conflict of interest, but rather has been a substantial contribution to breadth and depth of the American music industry. Even in the early years of its operation BMI was remarkable. The organization represents the works of many of the major creators of our national musical culture: in blues, Leadbelly and Muddy Waters; in country, Hank Williams and Boudleaux and Felice Bryant; in rhythm & blues, Fats Domino and Sam Cooke; in gospel, Thomas Dorsey; in rock & roll, Chuck Berry and Little Richard. BMI also championed composers in other fields of music, including contemporary classical, with Charles Ives and Otto Luening; Broadway show music, with Jerry Bock & Sheldon Harnick (Fiddler On The Roof) and John Kander & Fred Ebb (Cabaret); and Hollywood film music, with Lionel Newman and Bernard Herrmann. Not surprisingly, BMI songwriters make up the lion's share of the membership of the music industry's halls of fame: 75 percent of the Rock & Roll Hall of Fame; 91 percent of the Pioneer Awards given by the Rhythm and Blues Foundation; 82 percent of the Country Music Hall of Fame. Additionally, the depth and diversity of talent that BMI songwriters and composers represent is further exemplified by the fact that they have won more than 800 Grammy Awards and almost two dozen Pulitzer Prizes. The work these individuals created has been healthy in the best sense - not only for the national economy but also for the vast enjoyment of the American public.

Songwriter Pee Wee King and BMI president Carl Haverlin (left) join pop vocalist Patti Page and band leader Sammy Kaye to celebrate the success of "Tennessee Waltz," one of EMI's major hits in 1951.

www.americanradiohistory.com INNOVATIONS // FUNDED AND OVERSEEN FOR 55 YEARS BY A BOARD MADE UP of broadcast shareholders, BMI has always put a priority on innovation and service," say; Don Thurston, BMI's current Board Chairnan and past NAB Chairman. "The Board has directed BMI to be the most efficient music licensing organization possible, and that has meant continuing innovation in licensing techniques, and accurate monitoring of musical performances, in order to maintain competitiveness and provide every possible dollar to the songwriters, composers and copyright owners who supply the music. This has resulted in BMI's leadership in quality and efficiency - not only in America, but throughout the devel- BMI Board Chairman oped world." Donald A. Thurston, BMI pioneered the "open door" practice to all writers and publishers, effectively end- President of Berkshire ing the membership practices ASCAP. BMI has its Broadcasting Company, exclusive of devised and routinely updated Inc. Thurston continues a monitoring procedures for logging the use of music. In the early years, those logging proce- long tradition of broadcast dures were devised by Dr. Paul Lazerfeld of Columbia University's Office of Radio Research, executives who, during one of the major figures in communications research. As new technologies have been devised their careers, were active and, in turn, new opportunities for the use of music arisen, BMI has established the means to with both the National monitor and compensate for them: Association of Broadcasters BMI was first to pay royalties for music on FM radio. and BMI. BMI pioneered the use of computers to manage repertoire. BMI was first to monitor and pay royalties for airplay on college radio, adding 1,000 educationally affiliated stations to its logging system. BMI was the first performing rights organization with its cwn Internet domain, bmi.com, and, as you read this, is making its full song repertoire available on that World Wide Web site. BMI was the first performing rights organization to use telemarketing and direct mail for non -broadcast licensing, more than doubling the number of licensees in the last five years. BMI was the first performing rights organization to offer a corporate license covering multiple uses of music at corporations. BMI was first to reach agreement for licensing music use on the Internet. BMI's staff remains technologically literate. More than 90 percent of its employees use a computer work station in their daily routine, making BMI among the top 10 percent of the most effective users of information systems in the United States. Finally, BMI has never been parochial in its thinking, and has realized that music is a global phenomenon. It has made reciprocal agreements with more than 40 foreign societies to ensure that the writers and publishers of music they represent are compensated for performances around the world. While approximately 25 percent of BMI's revenues come from foreign society payments, these reciprocal agreements also bring the best music from around the globe to broadcasters here in the U.S. "Radio and the music industry have had a symbiotic relationship from the onset," said BMI President and CEO Frances W. Preston. "So it should be no surprise that BMI has been able to combine the vision and business sense of today's broadcasters with the excitement, innovation and quality of America's best songwriters and composers. We have truly forged a winning combination, one that will continue to benefit both broadcasters and the music industry for generations to come."

Frances W. Preston, BMI President and Chief Executive Officer. Preston began her career at WSM Nashville and built BMI's repertoire in rock, country, r &b, and gospel into an American music powerhouse.

www.americanradiohistory.com Conratuíations(

The Board Of Directors of Broadcast Music, Inc.

Is Proud To Join mcrica's Radio Broadcasters

In Celebrating 75 Years of Spectacular Entertainment!

JAMES G. BABB DONALD A. THURSTON CLIFFORD M. KIRTLAND, Jr. Outlet Communications Berkshire Broadcasting Co. Noro- Moseley Partners Cranston, RI North Adams, MA Atlanta, GA Chairman JOSEPH A. CARRIERE FRANCIS A. MARTIN, Ill Gray Communications FRANCES W. PRESTON U.S. Media Group Monroe, LA President & CEO San Francisco. CA

HAROLD C. CRUMP FRANK E. MELTON KSTP -TV TV -3, Inc. St. Paul, MN Jackson, MS

KEN J. ELKINS GEORGE V. WILLOUGHBY Pulitzer Broadcasting Co. formerly of King Broadcasting St. Louis, MO Providence, RI

J. CLINTON FORMBY K. JAMES YAGER The Formby Stations Benedek Broadcasting Corp. Hereford, TX Rockford, IL

PHILIP A. JONES ROBERT L . PRATT Meredith Broadcasting formerly of Seaton Des Moines, IA Broadcasting Coffeyville, KS Honorary Director www.americanradiohistory.com EZ STATIONS AND COMMUNICATIONS, INC. MANAGEMENT TEAM

CHARLOTTE WSOC -FM, WSSS-FM Gary Brobst

KANSAS CITY KBEGAM /FM (currently an LMA) Michael Law [station manager) KFKF-FM (pending)

NEW ORLEANS WBYJ-AM David Smith WEZBFM, WRNO-FM Marc Leunissen

PHILADELPHIA WOG-FM/0102 Gil Rozzo WUS- FM/Power 99 FM Chester Schofield

PITTSBURGH WZPTFM/The Point 107.7, ART KELLAR WBZ- FM/B-94 FM Andrea Martin Chairman of the Boe.,d SACRAMENTO KRAK -FM, KNCI-FM, KHTK-AM Chuck Goldmark

SEATTLE KMPS- AM/FM, KZOK-FM Fred Schumacher

ST. LOUIS KSD-AM /FM, KYKY-FM/Y98 FM Karen Carroll

"EZ was formed in 1X()- with the specific purpose of building a large, exciting group of radio stations...ones that could propel this company to the top level of the industry. We are proud of that heritage and we are proud of our "EZ" people. We've always tried to operate at the front of the pack in terms of company growth, programming, research and training, as well as, important industry issues and new technology. For me, that's ALAN BOX what makes day -after -day, year -after-year, so exciting President/CEO -A givic,Box

www.americanradiohistory.com t EZ, we are dedicated to training our people. An important part of being an accou executive with EZ Communications is being actively involved in the "Promise for Excellence" program. The goal of this program is to continually encourage EZ's salespeople to grow, learn and strive to become the best trained salespeople in the business. As Lndividuals work the "Promise for Excellence" program, there are different levels of chievement, the highest being a Certified Sales Professional. By achieving the CSP title, a salesperson has achieved the highest level of recognition commitment in the "Promise for Excellence" sales training program. Each year during a four-day award trip we formally recognize the new and existingSPs. We would like to introduce EZ's Certified Sales Professionals to you. They are: -,

Maryanne Ciaraglia (Local Sales Manager) Stuart Lewis 10101/OAK, SACRAMENTO KNCI /KRAK, SACRAMENTO Susan Come sïl Mark MOO, PHILADELPHIA KMPS, SORTIE Holly Conley Andrea Martin (VP /General Manager) KMPS, SEATTLE KMPS, SEATTLE Leslie Hickman Ward Rice (Sales Manager) KMPS, SEATTLE WRNO, NEW ORLEANS Carolyn Jones-Hardesty (Sales Manager) Tim .,rarer WEIS, NEW ORLEANS WSOC, CHARLOTTE Amy Koman (Local Sales Manager) Dotty Webb KYKY, ST. LOUIS WI00, PHILADELPHIA '4\ We are proud to say that five of EZ's 13 CSPs have been promoted to management positions within the company. This is just another of many examples of how the outstanding people in the Company make EZ a great company!

LEFT TO RIGHT: Dotty Webb, Stuart Lewis, Leslie Hickman, Tim Rohrer, Andrea Martin, Ward Rice, Holly Conley, Susan Cometz - White, Amy Koman, Maryanne Ciaraglia, Carolyn Jones - Hardesty, and Phil Mark.

www.americanradiohistory.com RADIO'S 75TH

Maxwell, conceived of the "electromagnetic theory of light." This theory holds that light, electric waves and magnetic waves, of varying frequency, travel through the same medium ... ether. Max - well was never able to prove the theory. In 1865 a Washington, D.C. dentist, Dr. Mahlon Loomis, explored wireless. Just Who Did He developed a method of transmitting and receiving messages using the Earth's atmosphere as a conductor. Loomis sent up kites 18 miles apart from two West Virginia mountaintops. The kites were IfiveiltRatilo.. covered with a copper screen and were connected to the ground with copper wires. The wire from each kite string was connected to one side of a galvanometer; Mid WIC Was The First Stadion? the other side was held by Loomis, who was ready to make a connection to a coil buried in the Earth. The receiving station by B. Eric Rhoads connection, between the meter and the coil buried in the Earth, was always closed, and whenever the circuit was closed at If you ask most people who invented detected electromagnetic energy in the the transmitting end, the galvanometer Radio, the name Marconi comes to body. He coined the word electricity. at the receiving station actually dipped. mind. Usually KDKA Pittsburgh is From that point forward many people Congress then awarded Loomis a $50,000 the response when you ask about the first had their hand in the development of research grant. Radio station. But are these really Radio's electricity ... Sir Thomas Browne, Ben- In 1879 David Edward Hughes dis- firsts? In the interest of curiosity and jamin Franklin, Alessandro Volta and covered that when a stick of wood cov- good journalism, we set out to determine Georg Simon Ohm among others. For ered with powdered copper was placed if these were in fact Radio's firsts. brevity's sake, we'll look at wireless after in an electrical circuit, the copper would Of course, as with a rating book, electricity was invented. adhere when a spark was made. In 1885 almost anyone can find a place where they Sir William H. Peerce and A.W. rank higher than someone else in some- Exploring Wireless Heaviside sent signals to one another at thing. Such is the case with the inventors The real interest in wireless began a distance of 1,000 yards with two par- of Radio and the First Radio stations. Was with Samuel F. Morse's invention of the allel telegraph lines and an unwired tele- the inventor of Radio the person who telegraph in 1837... which required wires phone receiver in the middle. This was discovered that electromagnetic waves (a very expensive proposition). In 1867 a the discovery of induction, or crosstalk. could be sent through the air, or the Scottish mathematician, James Clerk The real experiments leading to person who actually sent them? Was it the Radio's discovery started with Heinrich person who sent signals the farthest, or Hertz in 1887. Some call him the father who sent the first with voice? Was the first of Radio because his experiments cre- station the first one to be licensed, or was ated interest by Marconi. Radio waves it the first licensed experimental station? were commonly called Hertzian Waves The answers aren't easy. in the early days. Hertz studied "Wireless" itself is relatively broad. Maxwell's theories and in attempting to Within the wireless category are many develop fur- subcategories and industries of which ther data, ac- Radio broadcasting is just one, as is wire- tually set up less telegraph, wireless ship -to -shore the first spark communication, and so on. transmitter To go back to the development of and receiver. wireless we must first track events lead- The transmit- ing up to the discovery of electricity. ter consisted Hertz -designed oscillator Though some documentation goes fur- of a Leyden ther back, electricity as a science began jar and a coil in 1600 when Dr. William Gilbert, who Cambridge University Professor of wire, the ends of which were left was Queen Elizabeth's personal physi- James Clerk Maxwell published his open so that a small gap was formed. For cian, invented the electroscope which theory of electromagnetism in 1873. 29

RADIO INK 28 1995 /RADIO'S 75TH ANNIVERSARY www.americanradiohistory.com RADIO'S 75TH

,4 z8 current at high frequencies. It is used ) today in all Radios and the receiver he used a similar coil at the televisions. opposite end of the room. When the jar made great strides when he created trans- In 1892, a Ken- was charged, sparks flew across the gap mission between two ships 12 miles apart. tucky farmer and in- and were received on the other end. He then solicited and secured investors ventor, Nathan Hertz then measured the velocity of the for the Marconi Wireless Telegraph com- Stubblefield, publicly waves and found they were the same as pany, the first to commercialize wireless. demonstrated wireless. light, 186,000 miles per second. He was 23. By 1899 he had covered Not only did he broad- In 1892 a French inventor, Edouard distances of 74miles.ln I899headopted cast signals, but he also Branly, created a tube containing loose Sir Oliver Lodge's principles of tuning was able to broadcast zinc and silver filings, with contact plugs circuits, perfecting them and obtaining a voice and music. He . - t together after the first spark was re- Marconi sent the first transatlantic sig- Nikola Tesla ceived, a method of separating them for nal, inventor H. Otis Pond told Tesla, the next signal was necessary. Popov, a "Looks like Marconi got the jump on Russian, came up with the idea of using you." Tesla replied, "Marconi is a good a vibrator and the hammer of an electric fellow, let him continue. He is using 17 bell to strike the tube and cause the of my patents." Tesla's attitude toward filings to separate. Marconi later changed after years of litigation between them. Tesla later referred Tesla, Marconi & to Marconi as "a donkey." Stubblefield Tesla had come up with something a -to In 1893 a Serbian, Nikola Tesla, different and superior to that of Hertz's Stubblefield demonstrates ship -shore on suggested a means of conduction using original ideas. He developed a series of broadcast the Potomac, March 20, 1902. the Earth. He invented high frequency alternators producing fre- the Tesla coil which cre- quencies up to 33,000 cycles per second again in 1898 to a documented (by The St. ated high frequency os- (33,000 Hz). This, of course, was the Louis Dispatch) distance of 500 yards. He cillations. In 1895 forerunner to high frequency alternators demonstrated a ship -to -shore broadcast Marconi experimented used for continuous wave Radio commu- on the Potomac River in Washington, with Hertzian waves and nication. Tesla went on to build the Tesla D.C., on March 20, 1902, and received was able to send and re- coil, an air -core transformer with primary patent number 887,357 for wireless tele- ceive messages over a and secondary coils tuned to resonate - phone on May 12, 1908. Stubblefield was mile and a quarter. He a step -up transformer which converts low - so afraid that someone would steal his voltage high current to high -voltage low invention, he sheltered it from everyone. He had been offered $500,000 In 1895, Marconi for his invention but turned it achieved transmission down because he felt it was of almost two miles worth more. Stubblefield en- using an antenna and visioned the device in motor- ground at both the cars (as shown on his patent). transmitter and Following anotherdemonstra - receiver. tion in Washington his "secret box" with his apparatus inside was stolen (documented February 13, 1912) and he believed his invention was copied. Nathan B. Nathan B. Stubblefield and son posing Stubblefield died of starva- with his wireless telephone demonstrated tion and a pauper in Murray, Kentucky, on his farm in Murray, Kentucky, as after going into seclusion because of his =- early as 1892. failed attempts for acceptance.

Fessenden, De Forest & Piece of equipment used Fleming by Marconi to transmit In 1900, Professor Reginald A. between vessels Fessenden realized that Marconi's work anchored off the Italian was limited to telegraphy and wanted to coast, circa 1914. 3o I

1995 /RADIO'S 75TH ANNIVERSARY N 29 www.americanradiohistory.com RADIO'S 75TH

429 requiring that two operators be employed ) on all ships with constant watch. find a way to transmit and receive tele- When the Titanic sunk, a young phony (voice). He began experimenting Coast by broadcasting voice and music wireless operator was stationed at the with continuous wave transmissions from his transmitter at Brant Park, Mas- Wanamaker Radio station in New York which led to the perfection of the arc sachusetts, using a high frequency alter- City to receive signals between the dis- transmitter. He also developed an alternator based on Teslá s designs and prin- tressed ship and its rescuers, reports about nator, similar to today's alternating cur- ciples. The program consisted of music the rescue work, and a list of the survi- rent, with a higher frequency and thus from phonograph records, a violin solo, vors so that the anxious world could be eliminated the spark gaps which wasted and a speech by the inventor. Fessenden 's advised. This kid stayed at the telegraph energy. His work was to become a major program did not prove to be a pioneering for 72 hours. His name ... David Sarnoff. milestone in the development of Radio. effort, however. For several years Radio It was this event that made the public Simultaneously Lee De Forest built a remained a communications medium aware of the importance of the wireless. wireless outfit, also less cumbersome than devoted to sending and receiving mes- In 1913 Edwin H. Armstrong (who Marconi's. He used the electrolytic de- sages. It proved especially valuable to the much later invented FM Radio) created tector as did armed forces during World War I. The a way to increase the sensitivity of re- Fessenden, which broadcasting potential was not realized ceivers. This regeneration system ended later created legal until after the war, though David Sarnoff up in litigation with De Forest who conflicts between the in 1916 envisioned the possibility of a claimed he was the inventor. Ultimately two. (De Forest spent Radio receiver in every home. (He later De Forest prevailed. De Forest also con- years in litigation with became head of the Radio Corporation tinued to perfect the audion tube he had many other inventors of America and the National Broadcast- sold to AT &T. It now had the ability to and was often accused ing Company.) function as an oscillator (generator of of taking credit for the In 1907 G.W. Pickard discovered high frequencies). This led to the oscil- inventions of others). that minerals made an excellent detector lator circuit created by W.E. Hartley. In 1904 J. Ambrose which led to the invention of the crystal The result was improved long- distance Fleming developed detector. It was not only effective but transmission of speech, the forerunner his two -element (di- inexpensive which made the availability of Radio broadcasting. ode) valve (The of wireless receivers more widespread. Fleming Valve) while The First Stations working for Marconi. The Radio Act of 1912 In 1916 an amateur operator and en- Though significant, In 1910 the government required all gineer for Westinghouse Electric began the invention was ships to have a wireless telegraph. In broadcasting programs from his garage De Forest's audion tube short -lived due to De 1912 the Titanic hit an iceberg and sent on amateur station 8XK in Wilkinsburg, Forest's invention of the first SOS signal which was heard by Pennsylvania. The broadcasts were en- a three -element (triode) valve, which a nearby ship that came to the rescue of thusiastically received by other Radio later became the audion tube, said to be many survivors. It was later learned that amateurs who liked hearing wireless mu- the most significant invention in Radio. another ship was closer, which would sic. The broadcasts resulted in a newspa- Unfortunately De Forest could not inter- have resulted in more lives being saved, per article which generated such interest, est the public in buying stock in his com- but that ship only had one wireless op- that Westinghouse decided to build a pany and he was forced to sell the rights to erator on board who happened to be "off - the American Telephone and Telegraph watch" at the time the Titanic went down. company for$500,000. The decision made That resulted in the Radio Act of 1912, by AT &T was thought to be foolish at the time, but later proved to be the investment that made the company. On Christmas Eve in 1906 Fessenden delighted listeners up and down the East

KDKA's debut broadcast, November 2, 1920.

station for the purpose of broadcasting. The station - KDKA - was rushed to launch its first broadcast for the election returns of the Harding -Cox presidential David Sarnoff at Radio station atop the race. It was the first programming to reach High- Fessenden. frequency alternator used by Wanamaker store in New York. 31

INK 30 1995 /RADIO'S 75TH ANNIVERSARY www.americanradiohistory.com RADIO'S 75TH

a sizable audience (perhaps 1,000 persons - mainly ham and amateur Radio operators). The returns were read by Leo Rosenberg, who later claimed to be the first professional Radio announcer. KDKA also hired the first full -time announcer - Harold W. Arlin, who became the first sportscaster to do play -by- play football. The newspapers (2,000 across the country) having not yet realized that they were promoting a competitor, were so enam- ored with the medium that they printed daily broadcast schedules. KDKA broadcast the first remote, the first religious service, nstrations Harold Arlin of KDKA. public the first broadcast from a Fair giving St theater, and the first prize- Iowa th t915 fight all in 1921. 9Y1 - Iowa State's The first commercial was claimed to be sent out over WEAF in New York City broadcasting, others were doing the same the technology at a lecture in 1893, in 1922, however that is disputed be- pior to KDKA. Earlier that same year, in preceding Marconi's wireless inventions cause in KDKA's initial broadcasts an- Detroit, WWJ using call letters 8MK and practical demonstrations. In fact, a nouncers mentioned a record store in began regular broadcasts. And much ear- Supreme Court case in 1943 ruled that exchange for records to play on the air, as lier, in 1912, Charles David Herrold be- Tesla was the father of Radio. Marconi's

did KQW announcers in San Jose, Cali- gan regular, continuous broadcasts of first patent was issued in 1 900 and Tesla's fornia. (It's interesting to note that music and information in San Jose. The in 1898. Westinghouse, which owned KDKA, was amateur station was well -known around But what about Nathan Stubblefield founded by George Westinghouse, the the Bay area. It eventually became KQW who had demonstrated wireless in 1892? first owner of an electric company to and then KCBS. If you go to the town square in Murray, employ the principles of alternating cur- In 1913 the physics department at Kentucky, you'll find a statue of rent. These principles were obtained Iowa State University began wireless Stubblefield inscribed with the words through a relationship with Nikola Tesla demonstrations and is documented by a "Murray, Kentucky ... Birthplace of Ra- who held the patent, and also had the newspaper article to have done one such dio." Could it be that a forward- think- patent on wireless transmission.) demonstration at the Iowa State Fair in ing albeit eccentric farmer from Ken- But was KDKA the first station? 1915. It became station 9YI and later tucky outwitted the intellects of Tesla, Though its November 2, 1920 debut is WOI. With groundwork dating back to Marconi, Edison (who once worked on considered the official start of Radio 1904, the University of Wisconsin in wireless experiments and also won a suit Madison experimented with voice against Marconi for patent infringement) and music transmission in 1917. Their and others? You will recall that after calls were 9XM, and later WHA. being very protective of his proprietary knowledge, Stubblefield's apparatus was Radio's Father stolen following a demonstration in So who was the father of Radio? We Washington, D.C. Could it have sur- have credited Marconi traditionally, faced as someone else's invention? Docu- however there is much doubt that he ments prove his early demonstrations of is the true father of Radio. He was an actual working wireless system to very industrious, highly inventive, and have occurred one year before Tesla's had the strongest and most successful lectures about Radio which were prior entrepreneurial spirit of any of Radio's to his working experiments. No one will fathers. He made excellent commer- ever know for sure. The Supreme Court cial applications for wireless telegra- ruled that Tesla is the father of Radio ... WWI Detroit, using call letters 8MK, begins phy. However ourexhaustiveresearch and Marconi is not. The question re- regular programming in 1920 over a De points to the fatherof Radio as Nikola mains whether the honor should really Forest 20 watt transmitter. Tesla who had disclosed wireless and go to Stubblefield.

1995 /RADIO'S 75TH ANNIVERSARY Ni 31 www.americanradiohistory.com r+

Y iar. 3z3 - ÿ3

A happy group from KYCY, San Francisco at an on -site Great promotion. Reasons

2GR[AT P E R S O A R L I T I E S for ?ettin? to Our on -air talent have individual personalities that are sometimes quirky, sometimes zany, but always highly memorable. From Wynn Richards and his nighttime "Passion

Phone' on KY(UJ 96.5 -F111 Seattle to Dr. Don (arpenter, mornings on UJY(D 99.5 -FfA know us. Detroit, our personalities speak their minds and create a trademark atmosphere we call "stationalityj' that is unique to each

station. Its what makes our list ?ners want to tune in again

As commercial radio celebrates its 75th and again.

birthday, at Alliance Broadcasting we're

quietly making our own history, even though we've

been operating radio stations only since 1992. Our

goal? To win over listeners, advertisers, and GREAT SPORTS employees in our own unique way: old- fashioned 3 Avid fans of Oakland Athletics baseball and San Jose values coupled with savvy programming and sales Sharks hockey get their fill of team thrills, chills, and

techniques. People both inside and outside spills directly from live action coverage broadcast by

KFR( bio -Affil San Francisco. And A's manager Tony the radio industry are starting to Recording artist LaRussa gives listeners the inside scoop, mornings Lorrie Morgan in a take notice. Here are 7 reasons to live Young Country with KfR('s Gary Bryan. Dallas, broadcast. check us out:

"Speedbump," KYCY -FM, San Francisco, armadillo mascot. 4 GREAT FU11 Our stations regularly sponsor dozens of events

/GREAT l:ORAIATS ranging from wacky to downright breathtaking,

giving our listeners lots of fun in ways that most Alliance Broadcasting created the siuling Young radio stations cannot. One of the most popular of ( ountry" format, which features personality -driven, :hese is the annual "(hristmas Fireworks to Music" contemporary country music. Young (ountry9 k a KFRC -AM broadcasts San Jose Sharks sponsored by KYAG- 1111.Over s5o,000 people flock registered trademark of Alliance Broadcasting, licensed in 35 markets. Our Young hockey play -by -play. to this pyrotechnic display held each (hristmas sea - Country' stations in Dallas, Detroit, Seattle, and San Francisco feature today's hottest ion to benefit the Rorald filcDonald (hildrenis

country artists. (atering to slightly older audiences, Sunny 95 KSAn -Ff 1 Dallas) plays Charities of Dallas. traditional country favorites and mainstream hits. KFR( 6so-OITI and KFR( 99.E -1111 San

Francisco feature oldies that bring back the fun

of the Sixties. KYNG KSNN WYCD KFRC KYCY KYCW 105.3 FM 94.5 FM 99.5 FM 610 AM 99.7 FM 93.3 FM 96.5 FM Dallas Dallas Detroit San Francisco San Francisco Seattle

www.americanradiohistory.com 5GREAT BEART

Since 199z, Alliance Broadcasting stations have raised more than

$1 million for charities, because we believe the privilege of operat-

ing a radio station carries with it the responsibility of being a good V neighbor. In our "Charity of the Month" program, each station KYCFM, Seattle drew 20,000 to its Young Country® Seafair Beach Party. picks a local charity, then donates hundreds of public service

announcements profiling its needs and what people can do to help. KYCW -FM, Seattle, sponsored This call to action results in generous contributions by our listeners a NASCAR race car in 1994.

and clients of everything from food and money to volunteer time.

Alliance stations also respond quickly to many crisis 7GREFIT PLAIE TO WORK situations, both local and national. For instance,

since 1993 W9(D Detroit has raised over $35,000 Alliance Broadcasting is committed to a decentralized approach to station manage-

for MI -(OPS (Michigan COPS) which assists ment, empowering employees to make decisions on their own initiative. We value our return. perfor- families of slain police officers. All of our employees, challenge them, and expect their best in Our standards of

rrance are high and so are the rewards for ajob well done. When a station achieves its stations acted to set up emergency relief funds In The goals, it is not uncommon for every employee there to share in a cash bonus. The within hours of the Oklahoma City tragedy. World's Easiest Contest," KFRC Alliance workplace encourages new ideas and creativity, and gives employees the free- listeners win $1,000 just by answering the dom to try new things. for example, in Dallas, two of our working mothers share one phone! sales job, each working three days a week on the same list, and splitting commissions.

Tie result? Linda Howell and 6GREHT EOAIAIEREIAl PROFILE Ply Iii Gage have developed the h gl est billing list in the station.

The demographics of Alliance Broadcasting stations are an advertiser's dream.

Alliance stations play to active adults aged 25 to 5y who live in one of the nation's

top 53 markets, making our stations an ideal environment for almost any advertiser.

All of our stations are results- oriented and take great pride in addressing client needs.

Our philosophy is that commercials are good and we don't try to hide them. We are

committed to providing a high profile environment for our advertiser's messages with The 40.foot some of the industry's most innovative promotional opportunities, including commu- Young Countrya "Rolling Studio" nity events, personal appearances, and live broadcasts from our "Rolling Remote is the backbone of station promo. Studios." tions at WYCD, KYNG and KYCY.

State o'= he -art mobile studios let Alliance station personalities broadcast live from remote locations. If you are interested in learning more about Alliance Broadcasting and KYCY, KYCW and KYNG each own a "Young Country® Cafe," complete with remote broadcast capability, PA system and food service! how it could fit into

WYCD -FM, Detroit, outdoor campaign. your radio future, call (510) 256-4690.

ALLIANCE BROADCASTING 2175 North California Blvd., Suite 990, Walnut Creek, CA 94596 www.americanradiohistory.com GULDEN EI?A SNIAIDSI-1CTS

Sponsored by Texaco in 1933, Ed Wynn emphasized wild costumes.

Lobby et WOWO Ft. Wayne in the 194os.

Freeman Gosden and Charles Correll (Amos 'n' Andy) began as a harmony team in 1925. Art Linklett r began his career on KGB (1933)..

Al Jolson was first heard on War 11. Word Radio in 1927. on during Skelton NBC Fred Allen and wife Portland Hoffa appeared together on "Town Hall Tonight" RADIO and "The Fred Allen Show." INK 34 1995 /RAD O'S 75TH ANNIVERSARY www.americanradiohistory.com Thomas Ediscr on H.G. Wells in 1929. NBC in 1928.

"Fleischmann Hour" host Edgar Bergen and Charlie McCarthy in the Rudy Vallee in 1930. office of NBC's David Sarnoff.

" Fleischmann on Radio's bega ung11949 Cantorfor ran Eddie own show Houe" m 193 Soft drink sponsor Clicquot Club on sponsored The NBC in the '205. Clicquot Club Eskimos

Sponsored by the Happiness Candy Stores, Billy Jones and Ernie Hare were the "Happiness Boys" on WEAF, debut 1921. Bob Hope first came to Radio in 1935 Fannie Brice as Baby Snooks in Radio's on NBC's "The Intimate Revue." version of Ziegfield Follies (1936). RADIO 1995 /RADIO'S 75TH ANNIVERSARY 5 www.americanradiohistory.com NIC . GCL ©EN ELA SNAISI -iCTS

r L -r: Vincent Connolly, Mary Margare-. McBride, Janice Devine, Mrs. Deichler, and Henry Sabrie.s.n on ABC broadcast, circa 195:.

1Úi11 Rogers' best -known shoe as "The Gulf Show" whicF began in 1933 on NBC; it was liter on CBS.

NBC show "Station KUKU," c rca 1929.

Jack Benn , and Mary Livin ;stone (1933).

"The MJchelin Man" adopted both the name and look of their sponsor (1928).

BBC Broadcast House bjilt in 19ry2. Olsen & Johnson Radio debut on "The Fleischman' Hour" (1932).

RADIO 3 1995 /RADIO'S 75TH ANNIVERSARY INK www.americanradiohistory.com GOLDEN EIAA SNAIDSI-IOTS

Burns & Allen 1929: on CBS heard on inwere first in

Morton Downey made his Radio :ate Smith's Radio career began in 1931 on CBS. debut in the zos on the BBC as a singer. He became CBS' Camel Min- strel Boy in 1931.

IBC debut )roadcast, November 15, 1926. Charles Cab Calloway was on network Radio in the Lindbergh 3os ... hosted "Cab Calloway's Quizzical" and on WOR ii 1941. Amelia Earhart at lek.

Walter Winchell's debut was in 1930 on ABC. He moved to NBC in 1932. Minnie Pearl on "The Grand Ole Opry" (1939).

1995/RADIO'S 75TH ANNIVERSARY www.americanradiohistory.com GOLDEN ED)a SNApSI--tCTS

Edward G. Robinson on the BBC.

The Hincenburg disaster, a memorable Radio news event (1937)

FDR was first to realize the impact of Radio for politicians. After his elect on he began his famcus "Fireside Chats."

Mason Adams, Radio soap star in the '4os and '5os. "Call for Phillip Morris" Radio Ad.

Sterling Tracey strings an aerial fo- Alistair Cooke and Lionel Hale on the BB( coverage of the 1938 California flooc on KNX.

Ralph Edwards was a CBS staff announcer in the mid '3os. He later joined NBC in the late '405.

NBC news ven cíes. RADIO

1 005 /RAIIICI'C 75'H ANNIVFRCAR INK 38 www.americanradiohistory.com GDDDEN EUA SNApSI-iCTS

King Edward VIII abd.cales the throne with the largest CBS News pioneer Robert Trout intro- Radio audierce ever (193ó). duced the first broadcast of the CBS "Work News Rcundup," March 13, 1938.

From 1338 to 194o, Dave Garroway (r) was an announcer on KDKA. He later went on to hos- NBC's "Today" show.

NBC's Max Jordan watching the Vatican for a signal that a new pope had been elected to succeed Pope Pius XI. In 1932 Ed Sullivan began his Radie career with an interview show on CBS.

Henry Morgan was a page at WMCA at age 17. He later be- cama an announcer, and then moved to WAR in 1937. of Liberty on from the Statue NBC broadcasts Day. Independence Amelia Earhart's broadcast to Admiral Byrd at the South Pole in 1929. RADIO oovicenin,q 75114 eKIAnvFRCeRv www.americanradiohistory.com GC1 DE% EVA S%IAUSDCTS

NBC engineers and sounc effect irstruments for a Mary Margaret McBrije, a live product on, circa 193o. NBC Facility on Guadalcanal in pioneer interviewer who 1943 began in the '3os.

Monty Hall began his Radio career in Canada.

to r) Gang" (I The g" (I t -ris, Day, Phil d from Dennis Benny r'35í.) n Blanc. Studio during "March of Time" show. hack ster" Anie C and Vet Mary1.ROñgsrone, DC ri Wilson Mort' -

Jack Benny in 1937. His style was low -key unlike many of that era.

Bill Cullen began his career Gary Moore's career began an WWS'N Philadelphia in on WBAL in the mid '305. 1939, and joined CBS in 1944.

.r Fiber McGee and Molly were 'ñ and Madan Jordan, one of the top Radio shwws of the day.

Gypsy Rose Lee & Bobby Harry Caray began as The Clark on WOR ;1942). Vin Scully as a staff announcer Voice of the St. Louis at WTOP Washington, D.C. Cardinals. RADIO 40 1995/RADIO'S 75TH ANNIVFRSARY INK www.americanradiohistory.com GGLDEN EVA SNAIDSFIGTS

A Detroit actor uses a muffle box for local production, circa 1940. Equipment used for sound effects on "The Dick Tracy" program (1935-1948).

"Lone Ranger" promo piece signed by Earl Graser. Graser, 32, was killed in an auto acci0ent after eight years in the lead role. He was replaced at WXYZ by Brace Beemer who was the original lead for one year before Graser took over.

Bob Hite, announcer/ narrator for the original "Lone Ranger" and orr `Green Hornet," on WXYZ Detroit. Mel Blanc and Dorothy Lamour (1939).

"Mr. District Attorney" was originated by Ed Byron. Jimmy Durante appears on NBC's "Monitor" in Milton Berle made his 1955. Radio debut in 1934 and was heard on NBC William Boyd brought Hopalong Cassidy to and Mutual. CBS in 1941 and to Mutual in the '5os.

RADIO INK 41 1995/RADIO'S 75TH ANNIVERSAR" www.americanradiohistory.com NIVC171F. 1013 Ona LTE

.11:1110 - ISEPiti-SENT

www.americanradiohistory.com We Still Do

From the original 16 stations of the CBS Radio Network to the CBS Radio Division of today. We proudly celebrate radio's 75th anniversary. Here's to our continued success.

www.americanradiohistory.com RADIO'S 75TH F

A Few Ilicideilts Fr0111 fi dio Days Past by Charles Michelson

Michelson: Act I back, "Son, ship this record to them, they'll Australia, it should be even easier here. Some people call it "trivia," well it know how to handle it and what's more He cleared out his dwindling bank was not trivial during the great depres- tell them they will have to purchase 52 account, took a loan from his father, and sion days of 1937 in New York City such discs to make up the series!" took off by train to Hollywood where he when a young high school graduate, Dutifully, but with considerable had learned most of these transcription Charles Michelson, sought a job. He set trepidation, Charles carried the delicate programs originated. While there he out on a particular morning like so many package back to the export office. Once signed up eastern and export sales repre- others seeking but not finding work. Late there, everyone gazed with surprise at sentations for most of the major compa- in the afternoon he stopped by his father's the oversized records, notwithstanding nies in the business and upon returning to export office for a brief rest and put his the special wooden box that was ordered New York, opened his own office on feet up on a desk to at least feel what it to ship them in. The discs were carefully January I, 1938, and his company, Charles might be like ... to have a job. packed and shipped on the next steamer Michelson Inc., survives to this day. Michelson Sr. handed his son a cable- to Australia. There was no air service at gram that had just arrived from Australia the time across the Pacific. The Shadow advising that a Radio station in that far - "The Shadow" was only sponsored off land heard about such a thing as an Michelson: Act II on some 20 stations along the Eastern "electrical transcription" and would the Two months later, same scene, same Seaboard on the Mutual Network, so company please find out what it was. feet upon the desk ... Charles was handed Michelson made a deal with the owners Michelson Sr.'s firm exported phono- another cablegram reading "Ship 52 of the property, Street & Smith Publica- graph records among other items to Aus- Omar Wizard Of Persia, Send Samples tions, to handle sales of the show in all tralia, and the Radio stations there, even Others." Of course people are sometimes other markets. As a result, he sold both as now, played them over the air. given to forget things that occurred 60 regional and local clients as well as indi- The next morning son Charles days previously, so after a few minutes of vidual accounts whose stations carried wended his way downtown to the stu- head scratching it all came back clear as the Network, transcriptions of the series. dios of RCA Victor and after the usual a day in May. Australia had bought the 'The Shadow" was broadcast live delays was ushered into the office of Radio transcription program series. Quick from the Empire Theatre in New York

Frank Walker, manager of the organiza- as a deer, Charles rushed back to Mr. before an audience of approximately 1 500 tion. Minutes later Charles was handed a Walker's office, gave him the order and every Sunday from 5 p.m. -5:30 p.m. In super large 16" phonograph record, the left this time with samples of "The Three order to co- ordinate commercials for the

label reading Program #1 Part 1 and Musketeers" and "Chandu, The Magi- Midwest, West Coast, and East Coast, titled "Omar, The Wizard of Persia," cian." The same procedure ensued, the two phone booths were placed at oppo- start inside, play at 33 1/3 rpm, along specially ordered box, the steamer ship- site ends of the stage with announcers with another similar size record reading ment, etc. As if by clockwork, in due time inside. When the Eastern announcer de- Program #1 Part 2. the cablegram came in ordering the lat- livered his commercials from mid -stage, The size of the record, which was est two series with the same request to the others delivered theirs and all three also breakable, caused our young hero to please keep shipping more. ended at the same time (we hoped), thus question the eminent Mr. Frank Walker as By now, instead of looking fora job, enabling the live show to be heard coast to who could play such a monster thing - Charles Michelson decided to go into to coast with the appropriate commer- surely no phonograph turntable that he business for himself, the business of sell - cials. In the East, the sponsor was had ever seen or knew of could accommo- ing electrical transcriptions in the United D.L. &W. Coal Company (Blue Coal), date this rarity, whereupon Walker shot States. After all, if he could do it in 45

44 1995 /RADIO'S 75TH ANNIVERSARY N( www.americanradiohistory.com RADIO'S 75TH

should have been. I asked the boy what 44 he was doing there and he responded the Midwest was sponsored by Carey that his father ran a Radio repair store in Salt Company and the West Coast, by and the Bible Belt area. One day Ed Queens and had built a recording ma-

Grove's Four Way Cold Tablets. needed cash in a hurry. I was home sick chine and playback unit in their cellar. One day, James Monks, a regular in bed, in fact almost under sedation. Ed He and his friends would like to get a few cast member, was doing a show at an- offered me the rights to all the recorded of the used Radio scripts to act out at

other network in New York City and the episodes for $1000. Sick as I was, I knew home. They already had purchased a

plan was to have a taxi waiting for him a good deal and that's how I bought that couple of sound effect records, so could outside the studio so he could quickly get series. Ed would get plastered quite regu- I help him. Having lived in Queens my-

to WOR to be larly and one day when his live show had self at the time, I knew of the store. in The been sold to a new sponsor for a hefty Rather than dismissing him perempto- Shadow." Ar- increase, he was in his cups to the extent rily, I said, "Fred (that was his name) I'll riving at the that he rendered a beautiful ad lib com- make you a deal. I'll give you money to go very last mercial ... unfortunately for the old spon- to the nearest store Sunday and bring minute, he sor. The network brass naturally tore back enough coffee and Danish pastry picked up the their hair apart behind the soundproof for the cast and crew to consume during script and studio window, Immediately after the the rehearsal break before they go to air. started to show they fired Ed with the admonition After the broadcast, your job is to clear emote ... but to "never darken their doorstep again." It up the cups and saucers etc. and place all all pandemo- was at the end of the program however the refuse in the basket, leaving the nium broke that Ed realized his error so in his effort studio as clean as when we first came in. loose as to straighten things out, he mentioned Then, you may have the used scripts. Lon Clark aka "Nick Carter" Monks read that the new client was such a good guy The deal was set. He was to come around from the that he wouldn't mind old Ed saying a each Sunday, do the chores and after wrong page few nice words about the former client. the show, have the scripts. This contin- about a murder that took place, yet the The very next day, the station received ued until the series went off the air for beheaded guy was still walking around bags of mail full of letters and cards of the summer hiatus. not knowing in which direction to go to accolades for the new advertiser that A few weeks later, walking on 63rd have his head screwed back on! the network executives literally came Drive, the main street in the Queens Then there was the time when they back on bended knee asking Smilin' Ed area, I passed Fred one day and he told were running repeats of "Nick Carter" to not only resume the show but to me he had been accepted at Syracuse and the studio engineer, unthinkingly, increase it from once weekly to five University in upstate New York, and he placed part two of the recorded program times weekly! was going to study broadcasting. I felt on the air before part one ... They didn't good about that, sort of complimented live that one down for quite a while. Where's the Drama? ... perhaps I had in some small way People have asked why they don't helped set this young lad in the right Mary Sothern produce Radio dramas today as they did in direction. Time passed, in fact it was

One of the early soap opera series the past. The reasons are: 1) The art of four years later, when I met this now was 'The Life of Mary Sothern." There such writing went with those writers who young man on the street as casually as were 324 episodes in the series. Spon- emigrated to television; 2) Nobody is before, said hello and was about to move sored in Washington, D.C., by the willing to pay those early writers the on when he told me he was graduating Wilkins Coffee Company on local sta- amounts of money they receive from TV; from Syracuse and that his term thesis, tion WUST, the series was very popular. 3) Radio script writing is not being taught titled "What Was Wrong With The Then came the day when a new staff in the schools, at least not Radio drama; 4) American Broadcasting Company's Pro- member unwittingly mixed up the nu- The use of sound effects on Radio is prac- gramming," was read by Dr. Frank merical sequence of the programs, play- tically a lost art; and 5) The directors are Stanton of CBS and as a result he was ing later ones first and earlier episodes not there to direct the actors in this tech- given a job at CBS in Pittsburgh. Again later. That quarter, Wilkins sold more nique. There have been some attempts, on the street at Christmastime, he waved coffee in Washington, D.C., than at any but without the five above basics little to me, and called out that he was being time during the entire year! hope for their commercial success is felt. moved to CBS in Chicago. Some months

later, while reading the trade press, I saw Smilin' Ed What's a Boy To Do that he was moved this time to New

!hen there was dear old Smilin' Ed It was in the late 1940s one Sunday York! Oh yes, I forgot to tell you his full McConnell. His daily series was titled afternoon when a boy about 14 years of name; it was Fred Silverman! "Hymn Time with Smilin' Ed," with age appeared at the WOR Radio station Charles Michelson is president of Charles Elowese at the organ. His hymn singing studio in New York where we were re- Michelson Inc., distributors of Radio programs and homey poetry touched the hearts of hearsing that day's "Nick Carter" show. internationally. He may be reached at millions especially throughout the South In those days, security was not what it 310- 278 -9546.

RAD IO 1995/RADIO'S 75TH ANNIVERSARY INK 45 www.americanradiohistory.com PROGRAMMING INCLUDES: AMERICAN NEWS U RBAN RADIO SPORTS "STRAIGHT UP" NETWORKS Daily Commentary WE REACH "USA MUSIC THE AFRICAN -AMERICAN CONSUMER MAGAZINE" AURN delivers... The Urban Sound of Target -ability Optimum Reach and Frecuency A marica Tonnage Against the Black Consumer Efficient Investment of YoLr Advertising Dollars Exclusive Audience ENTERTAINMENT More African -Americans Than Any Other Network SPECIALS WE SELL PRODUCTS AND SERVICES BLACK HISTORY AURN is... The largest and most cost efficient acvertising vehicle avail- MONTH SPECIALS able to reach the Black Consumer Market Your everyday salesperson to the African -American market, selling your message 6.3 million times a week BLACK MUSIC WE SERVICE MONTH SPECIALS OUR CLIENTS

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creased significantly in every market a major black DJ reigned. Air personalities in Black Radio were significant not only to Radio, but to music as a whole. The entire black music experience was generated through black DJs. Sidney Miller, owner of BRE Maga- Black Radio zine, says that "Black Radio has been the listo backbone of black music success." Those feelings were echoed by one ... JustibelipOtibeLe of the first black female DJs, now gen-

The contributors to Black Radio are N o t too many to mention and too impor until 1949 tant not to have been better recog- did blacks nized for how America has been im- actually own pacted by their commentaries, commu- their own Ra- nity outreach, and selection of music and dio stations. artists that reflected the times through One of the first their music and contributions. Every city wasa I000watt has their Radio history maker; every gen- station, WERD- eration has their DJ trendsetter, but only AM in Atlanta. (19 52) - eral manager et, ORS a few will stand out in the national his- Behind the Skie Cap of WQBH -AM Detroit, torical archives ... wheels of steel Martha Jean 'The Queen" Steinberg. was a young man with two years of Radio Steinberg says, "Black Radio was respon- The Way It Was ... The experience under his belt. Fresh out of sible for describing and creating black First DJs WCFL Chicago, spinning rhythm & stars in America. Black Radio gave the In the '40s, out of nearly 3000 disc blues, a name now synonymous with the true expression of black music: the foun- jockeys heard on over 1300 stations, history of Radio, Jack 'The Rapper" dation of American music. The inno- only 16 were black. Gibson. During his Radio days, he was cence of black music personifies black They were Ed Baker, WJLB Detroit; better known as "Jockey Jack." Jack was America and reflects and describes what Al Benson, WJJD Chicago; Bill Ranch, also responsible for another first in Black is socially happening in America at the WEAW Evanston; Ramon Bruce, WHAT Radio. In 1955, he founded NARA (The time. Black Radio was not intended to be Philadelphia; Spider Burks, KXLW National Association of Radio Announc- black. When Nat "D" opened WDIA in (KATZ) St. Louis; Van Douglas, WJBK ers), which became NATRA in the early Memphis, playing "the blues," what fol- Detroit; Bass Harris, KING Seattle; Eddie '60s, adding a 'T' to include television. lowed was an accident. That accident Honesty, WJOB Hammond; Harold He is responsible for yet another first, in became a reality. What you cast out on Jackson, WOOKWashington; SamJack- 1945 on WJJD Chicago, the first black the water will come back; and it did for son, WHIN Providence; Emerson Parker, 15- minute Radio soap opera, "Here WDIA. Opened in the early '50s, WDIA WQQW Washington; Sam Price, WPEN Comes Tomorrow." After years with in Memphis was the first black 50,000 Philadelphia; Norfley Whitted, WDNC Motown and Radio, Jack says, "Black watt Radio station in the nation. Its for- Durham; Woody Woodard WLIB Brook- Radio is the soul of the black community. mat of Blues, Gospel, Jazz and commu- lyn; Jack L. Cooper, WSBC Chicago; Without Black Radio, our communities nity relations made it also one of the first and Jack Gibson, WCFL Chicago. would not thrive. "Jack Gibson wasn't the programmed black stations." One of those pioneers, Jack L. Coo- first black DJ in Atlanta, he quickly gives Other well -known names who had per of WSBC Chicago, hosted and pro- that honor to his good buddy "Roost'" careers as a DJ, but went on to earn their duced 13 programs and averaged 41 hours Roosevelt Johnson. credits as renowned performing artists are a week on the air. At that time, blacks Over the years with a rise in the 'The Duke" Duke Ellington who in 1948 were considered as even less a part of popularity of black music, black DJs be- was on WMCA -AM in New York, and mainstream America than they are now. came more attractive to white station Barry White who was on -air in Los Ange- According to Jack, "There was one sig- owners due to their familiarity with the les during the earlier years of his career. nificant discovery in America that opened artists, audience appeal and captivating Radio to blacks: 'A voice has no color. "' style. Ratings and popularity polls in- 49 10

RADIO INK 48 1995 /RADIO'S 75TH ANNIVERSARY www.americanradiohistory.com RADIO'S 75TH

X48 Apollo was a DJ's haven for live interviews with top black celebrities. Legends were The First Black Owned made with the choice and voice of the Network owned by black Americans. In 1979, popular Hal Jackson heading the line -up, The first black -owned Radio net- SBC purchased the remaining 50 percent along with Gary Byrd who championed work was the National Negro Network, interest in the Mutual Black Network and public causes and a host of other industry founded in 1953. Although short -lived, changed the name to Sheridan Broad- personalities who took the forefront in this pioneering network was the first to casting Network. Sheridan Broadcasting making Radio history. recognize and attempt to address the Network subsequently conveyed a 20 Through the initiative of Skip Carter, listening needs of black Americans, and percent interest to the Inner City Broad- owner of KPRS Kansas City, Percy Sutton, to try to capitalize on the emerging black casting Corporation (ICBC) headed by ICB, Eugene Jackson and Sydney Small, American market. The second attempt at Percy Sutton. ICBC is based in New Unity Broadcasting, Ragan Henry and forming a Radio network dedicated to York, owned and operated by black other black station owners, the National black Americans belongs to the Black Americans, and controls Radio stations Association of Black -Owned Broadcast- Audio Network. Black Audio Network in California, Texas, and New York. ers (NABOB) was formed. NABOB is was based in New York and began opera- Sheridan Broadcasting Network changed headed by attorney James Winston and is tions in 1968. Soon thereafter, Black its name to Sheridan Broadcasting Net- based in D.C. NABOB has been success- Audio Network grew to more than 90 works (SBN) in recognition of the di- ful in lobbying for key issues that impact affiliates and news service operations both verse and multifaceted programs avail- minority ownership and other issues re- domestic and international. Unfortu- able to SBN affiliates, and then in 1991 lated to black -owned broadcasters. Annu- nately, however, this enterprise proved SBN entered into a partnership with NBN ally they are able to attract broadcasters unsuccessful and ultimately was discon- to form American Urban Radio Networks. from around the country to workshops tinued. Similarly, in 1971, a Radio net- At the time of the formation of the and an annual awards dinner. work called the Third World Media News American Urban Radio Networks, NBN Today Black Radio continues to be was launched, although this venture too and SBN were the only black- owned- the voice of urban America and a primary proved short -lived and was discontinued and- operated Radio networks in the source that blacks turn to for information soon after being formed. United States, and they both sought to specific to their interests and entertain- In 1972, The Mutual Broadcasting provide access to the black American ment tastes. System became the fourth company to market and to provide news, sports, and Today there continues to be a struggle form a Radio network dedicated to the entertainment programs directed to black to gain more ownership of Radio by Afri- interest of black Americans. This Radio Americans from a black perspective. can Americans and competition for sales network, known as Mutual Black Net- AURN is the only Radio network in dollars in the Radio media marketplace. work, offered news and sports programs the United States targeted toward black Today the top DJs are intermingled featuring black reporters and sports- Americans. AURN offers news, sports and with the top talk show hosts and continue casters, and provided commentary with entertainment programs to more than 210 to demonstrate that they are "Radio -Ac- views and perspectives directed toward Radio stations across the country. Pro- tive" in mobilizing entire communities for black Americans. grams include: 'The White House Re- a cause. For example, Kathy Hughes of In 1973, a competitor emerged for port" with White House -based correspon- WOL -AM Washington, D.C., launched the Mutual Black Network. This com- dent Bob Ellison; SBN Sports, offering an on -air campaign that stifled the Wash- petitor was known as National Black Net- black college football and basketball, and ington Post when she encouraged her lis- work (NBN) and was based in New York. the SBN Black College Football Poll, the teners to return the post due to articles NBN also offered news and sports pro- only poll of the nation's sportswriters, considered racially inflammatory. grams, and was able to distinguish itself coaches, and sports information directors Today the UNCF and NAACP Ra- through new programmatic offerings. from black colleges; and "Night Talk," the dio -thons raise large amounts of money, First, NBN entered the Talk format area first black American daily call -in program as well as awareness and appreciation for with "Night Talk" hosted by Bob Law. covering a range of topics from politics to these charities that otherwise might not This show was the first daily call -in Talk entertainment to education. have found a place on -air. Radio show featuring a black host. NBN Today you see director Spike Lee proved to be more resilient than its com- And The Music Plays On use Radio in his movies as a staple competitors, and by 1976, there were only Percy Sutton was another entrepre- ponent in depicting real aspects of two Radio networks addressing the needs neurial legend and trailblazer in the Radio lifestyles in black communities. of blacks in the United States. Of these industry. His memorable style and strate- We all know the credit for the last- two Radio networks, however, only NBN gic leadership wit earned him the title ing dominance of Black Radio goes to the was actually owned by black Americans. "Chairman" after his purchase of Inner many DJs whose "spin" on life through In 1976, Sheridan Broadcasting Cor- City Broadcasting. WBLS and WLIB, ICB- music and talk has done so much for so poration (SBC) entered into the network owned stations, at one time took the lead many for so long. Radio business with a 50 percent interest in major market Radio. Based in New Information compiled by C. Ottley Strategies in in the Mutual Black Network. SBC is York, the home of the Apollo - which association with the American Urban Radio based in Pittsburgh and, like NBN, is was once owned by the "Chairman" - the Networks.

1995 /RADIO'S 75TH ANNIVERSARY Ni 49 www.americanradiohistory.com P* 15 Years later Dave Top Ten REASONS WHY BROADCAST DIRECT

MARKETING SHOULD BE Radio= YOUR STATION'S DIRECT MARKETING Still electronic direct mail COMPANY OF CHOICE. by Courtney R. Thompson 10 Solid company with nearly a The 1920's were "roaring" all -right and Radio has come to view and present itself as decade of service so was Radio. It was the new "electronic direct mail ", so to speak. medium, the one that everyone was Audience databases tell stations and talking about. It was the advertisers alike what 9 World's introduction to the audience's lifestyle Smart Targets', the only audience electronic media and the and consumption segmentation program to deliver power of one -to -one characteristics are like. Household Specific Audience Data marketing. Selling "on- Station executives and the- Radio" became a salespeople talk about popular and prominent "consumer propensity to forum for national buy" certain products 8 advertisers first, then and services. Station Outstanding value and return quickly transformed into marketing, promotion on investment regional and local and events are geared applications. Radio toward the specific focused itself primarily on one of the two needs and likes of their unique audience i most powerful communications properties: rather than to "the masses ". Newspapers, No cookie cutter, no rubber "the spoken word." Programming Variety now greatly diminished in total number and stamp products or promotions shows, Drama, Comedy, Information, and circulation, have attempted to modify their some Music while Newspapers continued to approach by becoming special interest dominate that of the "written word." Even publications (short form daily "magazines ") 6 though "everybody got the newspaper ", that are delivered together. Media industry Staff of experienced professionals Radio delivered something entirely new from figures indicate Newspapers' share-of- dollars a media impact standpoint, it was not only is down to 37% of local ad revenue from a real time in it's delivery it was also intrusive. high of 85 %, while Radio continues to grow Because of these unique characteristics Radio year after year. 5 Wide range of services specific rapidly established itself as a powerful one - Broadcast Direct Marketing has been a to-one selling medium for advertisers, with pioneer in the development of new to Radio station's needs results similar to direct mail. approaches that Radio Stations use to market Today, advertisers are looking for ways to themselves to listeners and advertisers alike. increase their return on dollars invested in We see ourselves as being a partner with our 4 media. The marketplace, which was one of clients as well as the industry. We staunchly Superior Creative solid homogeneity through the early 1970's, is believe that Radio has an incredibly bright now shattered by comparison. This is not only future because the industry hires and true of media options, but of all lifestyle and cultivates innovative, bright people. We 3 "brand" options for consumers. With such a salute all who have contributed to Radio's Confidentiality dramatic array of consumer opportunities has achievements and successes, while come a marketplace of complexity encouraging future innovation. In almost unfathomable just decades ago! This has every century of recorded history, the greatest 2 produced countless aberrations of consumer amount of "action" has taken place in the Innovative Concepts matrices for the advertiser and has resulted in final decade. If this continues to hold true new methodologies of identifying, reaching throughout the last half of this decade we're and tracking the habits of consumers. in for an interesting ride. 1 Radio has not only survived through more Happy 75th Birthday Radio! than seven decades of change, it has RESULTS Courtney R. Thompson is President and CEO of Broadcast flourished. And today's best radio stations are Direct Marketing, Inc. a one -to -one marketing firm for * Dave PoIlei4 Top Ten List, not David Letterman. once again adapting to a changing Broadcast, headquartered in Miami, Florida. Pollei is VI? Direct He may be reached at 305 -858 -9524 or via facsimile at Dave Marketing at Broadcast marketplace. With Radio's format specificity, 305- 859 -8777. His E -mail address is bdm @innet.com Marketing, Inc. Reach him by calling 305- 858 -9524.

www.americanradiohistory.com feet Broadcast Direct Marketing: People make the difference.

Wc re in the service business. Just like your station or corporation, we pride ourselves on having built a staff of professionals that focus on service, value, innovative yet tailored creative solutions and results to our clients' needs. We've pioneered many new concepts for the indust ry and we strive constantly to be the best at what we do and leave the ratings and revenue increases that our clients achieve to speak for themselves. We are dedicated to our mission and to each and every one of our clients. We'd like to introduce you to our executive staff and also invite you to come by our corporate facility in South Florida to meet and visit with us personally

Back row from left to right: Mark Courtney, Doug Chozianin, Susan Stein, Kathy Walker; Bud Henderson, Maria de Cardenas, Terence Lindo, Meg DeLeon. Front row from left to right: Camille Lindo, Susan Johnson, Isabel Muñiz, Courtney Thompson, Roxana Manchester; Miriam Cardoso, Julie Kimball. Not pictured: David Pollei.

Iroadcast Direct Marketing: . Mission of Excellence

Finding and keeping top - Cnotch people is one of the

keys to winning. It has alwa - :en critical to success. The same is ue when hiring an outside company.

, nding a firm that specializes in direct tarketing for Radio that also has tcellent people, processes, concepts Id results isn't as easy as it once used to e. And, almost everyday there seems to e a new company that's going to evolutionize" the industry. Fact is, few ew companies in our area of the tdustry have survived, let alone thrived. We'd like to humbly submit that our

)mpany is unique. For nearly a decade e've worked hard to remain on the ading edge. That's taken a commitment r everything we stand for... as people, as rofessionals and as colleagues. It also !quires commitment from the staff to ur shared mission statement... We -eat each and every client as if they Broadcast Direct Marketing provides the most comprehensive and complete array of 'ere our only one; for without them we marketing services, which include: 'ould have no purpose. We encourage ur staff members to work continually to Direct Mail Database & List Management Market Research Inbound/Outbound Telemarketing e the best and encourage constant Sales Consulting Sweepstakes & Contests Media Placement Integrated Campaigns Creative Design Services Printing Print Production Custom Publishing put from our clients. We remain & & Smart Targets ", Customer Profiling Broadcast FAX On -Line Internet Marketing Smart Maps"' edicated to the development of vnovative solutions to our clients' When you next look for a company to serve your total needs, we invite your call for an overview and eeds. presentation specific to your station. Call Courtney Thompson or David Pollei at 305 -858 -9524.

www.americanradiohistory.com RADIO'S 75TH

Uhras First Station WORLD'S SERIES PIay!PIay G .. Celebrates AFTFa AT END OF EACH INNING. 25th.Birthday t-RM.Ifoi The Detroit News W.W.J.

r..l<,_;,..

WWJ Cetroit's 25th bitndav :arty. Photos on wall are Scripps family member who owned'NN'J Farentcompany, Even ng oewsAsso:iation.

WWJ broadcasts the 1922 World Series over a large megaphone when few had wireless sets

This NBC unit used short-wave to broadcast the first arrival of the Hindenburg.

KHJ "Las: Train to Clarksville" promotion in 1966. The Monkees rode the train back to L.A. with A r remotior 2iece for listeners. the KOGO San Diego rews department The third guy from the right s now seen on the nt:ioral TV show, "Live .+ïl- Regis 8 Kathie Lee " Yes it's Regis 'ii bin, circa 1960.

New York DJ Murray the during the WINS "Sleep Ii H.04-ii-Ni The SJbwa/" promotion.

Jack Dunigan broadcasting a remote from Lobock's Furniture/ MuRRAys, Appl ance Store in Jamestown, New York, circa 19505. ASlEEP. RADIO INK 52 1995/RADIO'S 75TH ANNIVERSARY www.americanradiohistory.com RADIO'S 75TH 1F a

ti .4,0 ì

"Cuz" danced his way into homes all across America in this syndicated TV _992 KITS Halloween contest with co- winners in costume and station spot for Radio. staffers Vic "The Brick" Jacobs, Rick Dees, and Ellen K.

L -r): WHTZ New York's Scott Shannon, Tina Goetze, :urt Hahn and David Helton from a Film House ,pot.

A bizarre promotion from WFLZ Tampa, "The Power Pig."

The original costume of the KGB chicken (rented from a castun-e shop). The 'he Cowboys lost to the Oilers so the KLIF Dallas staff had to chicken, an idea conceived by Ron Jacobs, debuted a: a San Diego Zoo promotion year Houston jerseys prov ded by KILT. KLIF showed their in 1974. Co-lege student Ted Giannoulas was hired for $2 an iou- ... it became

,entiments. his career. C chicken costume is on display at the Jerry Ford Presicertial Library in Grand Rapids, Michigan.

c/1,ca:5?), 5'Ble Ñiwhova

In 1984 Color Radio 45 Salt Lake City became the only station ever to give away a chance to blow up a building. Sequence shows the listener before the explosion pushing the button, the building imploding, the listener amid the rubble, and with commemorative T -;h rt.

1995 /RADIO'S 75TH ANNIVERSARY IM www.americanradiohistory.com RADIO'S 75TH

The Big difference in Philadelphia radio is

t: / iG'i_ £NT 'ß SONNMS MIME. ZOOlAN/NAS IN THE MIG w+m,. PLAYBILL .0 .r.mmMID Get's me In through the day! - Á w w MORE MAC 0111 LAHR,' BROWN

DETROIT PLAYING AMPAT DAILY HOUSEWIVES lick for their morning show. lisle's /o ON ' CKLW RADIO 8 976. Front row: "Cousin Brucie" /han any other station! WPEN Philadelphia used this approach to reflect their Morrow, Dick Summer. Back row: Don philosophy of personality Radio. Imus, Walt "Baby" Love, Joe McCoy, 68 Jan -Fab -Mar ' Johnny Dark. SOURCE. PULSE CI(LW IS FIRST IN TOTAL RUUc_E711VES -1a -49 Sixty-six with the super, 18- 24 -18 -34 MEN. sanie app.ks for solid, sunny, sexy, smiling, And the ing, sizzling sounds. 50,000 PERSUASIVE WATTS TO SERVE YOU! 1450 GUARDIAN BLDG.. DETROIT .8226 Phone 961 -7200

Promo piece for CKLW 'A ndsor /Detroit.

..and justice for all. JOEY REYNOLDS 3PM -7PM 66 WNBC

Promo piece for WNBC's "Joey A KTNQ Los Reynolds" show. The sound in the city. Angeles poste - r- featuring the Ten - 't_ 7en-i2 AMRaJ.io 1220 Q poster girl. EVA WNBC RADIO

RADIO INK 54 1995 /RADIO'S 75TH ANNIVERSARY www.americanradiohistory.com RADIO'Slr 75TH

"Be Sociable..."

, cB.4I;: Network

Pepsi bought time on all four networks to introduce a new Pepsi -Cola jingle.

Cover of early WBT Charlotte Kris Stevens promotional wis _ magazine, 1927. w WMMS Cleveland's postcard. A 1969 Chicago newspaper ad for WLS.

5 MAVERICKS! B WINNERS'

.t~.._. .ot...Tw....d... . bee.. ..d none Caw:.

they mode We just mole ha C cur I -tenen winnees of 1970 Fad Mre,Chs. uswnoer roo e . n.er rth thelneumi al 18 A9:.ge graso +. +

Day contest , go.d eurr * The hen w mnrr ungrvf from student to houvr* e.. winter sill, de 8 -Y year Odds WCBS -FM's Cousin Brucie featured ca amm Why have breakfast with abunch of flakes in an Archie cartoon. when you can have Howard Stern?

Controversial. Outrageous. Unpredictable. Somehow the same Guy Zapoleon (I) gets his first taste of a major tired adjectives are always used to describe morning person- market giveaway in 1969. He was announced as a alities. The standard press release cliches are so overworked along they've gone out on strike. Now, a disc jockey finally comes WWWW Detroit promo piece on winner of a car while attending a summer -school that actually deserves this kind of hype, and all the good words are used up. It's tough to introduce the savior of morning radio Howard Stern, circa 1980. chemistry class. when the only words left to describe him are the ones nobody else wanted. Nonetheless, allow us to introduce you to Howard Stern: he's ubiquitous, extemporaneous, historic, epigrammatic, jocose, felicitous, ambidextrous...

1995 /RADIO'S 75TH ANNIVERSARY www.americanradiohistory.com RADIO'S 75TH

Perhaps the original giant boom -box pullest by cxen at WLW studios. A KFSD San Diego mobile uni:, circa 19405.

The first WFBM mobile unit was used to broadcast the Soap Box Derby in 1928.

Updated WLW boom -box driven by flapper WINS air personality Al "Jazzbo" Collins giving out silver dollars at a station promotion.

The WINS "Out -Of -Gas Economy Run" promo was marred by the American Federation of Televi- sion and Radio Artists when they refused to let the DJ members race. Some did anyway. An early WWJ mobile unit that servicec Loth the Rad o station and its parent newspaper o-ganizadon.

WLW's Joe Ries (at microphone) coveriig tie Indiarapolis 500. IO IÑK 1995 /RADIO'S 75TH ANNIVERSARY www.americanradiohistory.com KQV news "cruiser" patrols the waterfront.

WTSA Battleboro's remote trailer.

WFBM mobile units, circa 1964.

KUBE Seattle.

Altoona's only Tuna, Bruce Buchanan, poses on top of his exclusive means of transportation. WFBG Radio, circa 137o. KMOX St. Louis traffic reporter Don Miller with AAA President James O'Flynn.

WACO VP /GM Robert Weathers and WROW -AM Albany news vehicle with O.J. cov- the station nobile unit. erage advertised on the side.

A frame from WBZ's "Maynard in the Morning" TV spot.

RADIO 1995 /RADIO'S 75TH ANNIVERSARY INK 57 www.americanradiohistory.com RADIO'S 75rF

it.. BfNGardner k 's n{g{lle and sounds like

KVIL Dallas, 1974

This WMYQ "Flick -On" promotion billboard was cesigned to allow more than one interpretation from the viewer.

KLIF Dallas used spectacula- pro- motions, ike ttis flagpole siter, to build an audience.

i mirk f---- Flagpole Sitter WKLQ billboard using Russian Premier Boris Yeltsin. BUDDY MACGREGOR

KLRZ Silt Lake City was the first station to put a real car on a billboard. WLAV Grand Rapids' Nun billboard.

WKMI billboard touting the lineup of Don Imus and Rush Limbaugh.

I "96X" in my car promotion (Miami 1975).

RADIO INK 58 1995 /RADIO'S 75TH ANNIVERSARY www.americanradiohistory.com WZCL's giant jukebox mobile studio.

A modern variation of the boom-box invented by Eric Rhoads.

WHIZ New York's Scott Shannon poses with the Target Tuning "Fix -Tune Receiver." K -SHE St. Louis' inflatable pig, "Sweet- Meat."

George Bush FREE Radio station remote display. captured on the A portable White House J.J. lawn in 1989 pitching AND INE horseshoes in WLLZ -FM's George Baier his KMLE MORNING (I) and Jim Johnson (r). Phoenix sweatshir. CHEW RADIO 1995 /RADIO'S 75TH ANNIVERSARY IN(. 59 www.americanradiohistory.com Carter Broadcast Group, Inc. In The Beginnin g In 1950 Andrew R. Carter founded the first black owned radio station west of 4 the Mississippi. Only a few years earlier r( Alf Landon, governor of Kansas, learned of u Q 600- Mr. Carter's plan of starting a new radio station and offered his transmitter. A tower made of wire stretched up to the right field rafters of Municipal Stadium, home of the old Kansas City Royals baseball team, was used to broadcast KPRS Radio (then an AM station). From its humble beginnings, the story that unfolds is inspiring in light of the entrepreneurial spirit. Today the radio company broadcasts from South Kansas City in a 16,000 square foot facility, to a 100,000 watt 1,100 foot FM tower, and a 400 foot AM tower. KPRS now broadcasts on the FM dial and the AM was renamed KPRT. To this day, KPRS is the oldest existing black owned radio station in the United States.

Chris King (center) with the Whispers. King is a legend at KPRS - he's been with the station for the last 26 years! The Music... The Carter Broadcast In May of 1950, KPRS -AM hit the airwaves, providing the only outlet for such African American Group Family wants legendary talent as the Temptations, Stevie Wonder, Smokey Robinson and Aretha Franklin.KPRS -FM was to thank Kansas City for acquired in1963. From 1963 -1971 KPRS -AM operated as KPRT and the two stations became separate entities with making us the different music and different audiences. Today, KPRS- 103.3 FM is recognized as HOT 103 JAMZ, and KPRT-1590 #1 FM station in AM is recognized as Gospel 1590 - The Gospel Source. Kansas City.

www.americanradiohistory.com Michael L. The People... Carter was born on October Andrew R. Carter was born on October 18, 1959 in Kansas 23, 1919 and raised in Savannah, Georgia. While City, Missouri. In still in high school, he built his first radio. His 1968, at the age of 8, technical interests led him to the RCA School of Michael made his DJ Electronics and to New York University where debut on KPRS -AM. he earned his first class broadcast license from After getting a the FCC in 1947. degree in business As owner and president of KPRS and KPRT, administration, he Mr. Carter served as a chairman of the Kansas spent the next six City Model Cities Program and as a director of years working as Kansas City Ad Club, the Civic Council and vice president and board member of 16 additional corporate and comptroller of KPRS community groups. Broadcast Corporation in Cocoa Beach, Florida. The After his death in January of 1989, his wife company has since been renamed The Carter Broadcast Mildred Carter took full responsibility as Group, Inc. chairperson of the board, and his grandson In 1987 at the age of 27, Michael moved to Kansas Michael Carter maintained responsibility as City, Missouri and was named president and general president and general manager. manager by his grandfather, Andrew "Skip" Carter. Since 1987 KPRS -FM has made a steady climb from the No. 12 rated station to the No. 2 station in Kansas City, iNM I MIi as ranked by Arbitron. As president and general manager, Michael Carter is extremely active in the community. He has received the Black Chamber of Commerce Business Man of the Year Mildred Award, the Ernst & Young Entrepreneur of the Year Carter Award, was honored as the General Manager of the has been honored Year by the Urban Network, and recognized as one of by nationally the 100 Most Influential People in Kansas City by The recognized groups Globe Newspaper. He also received a 1995 NAB Crystal such as NABOB Award and was honored as a 1995 Top 10 Business of (National the Year by the Kansas City Chamber of Commerce. Association of Michael Carter's future plans are focused on Black Owned acquiring new broadcast facilities and growing the Broadcasters), Carter Broadcast Group his grandfather founded. and with the Pioneer of i i=IiI= Broadcasting Award, Impact On July 28/29, 1995 Magazine's Woman of the Year KPRS will celebrate its Award, and Living Legends Award as well as the American Women in Broadcast Award for 45th anniversary and dedicate ownership of the oldest broadcast company. She has also received many community service the new 16,000 square foot awards and resolutions, and remains actively involved in the corporate planning and daily facility, named for operations of the company. Andrew "Skip" Carter.

www.americanradiohistory.com RADIO'S 75TH

"It is inconceivable that we should allow so great a possibility for service, news, entertainment, and vital commercial purposes to be drowned in advertising chat- ter." Nevertheless, Radio advertisingcon- tinued and grew to $4.6 million in 1927. While the cities were enjoying the Radio Main Sfreet prosperity of the "Roaring '20s," most of the small towns were not sharing in the bounty: farmers were struggling, mining was not doing well, and the small -town mills were being "trashed" by foreign USA competition. A Radio station in a small town was, to say the least, an enterprise not likely to succeed. Old- timers in by Bob Doll Fairmont, Minnesota, remember their short -lived 1920s station, KFVN. Its owner- operator, Carl Bagley, More than a year before KDKA cities. Many of the small stations that moved his station from tiny Welcome, broadcast its historic first broad- did not survive left the air for the obvi- Minnesota, to larger Fairmont. An adver- cast of the Harding -Cox election ous reason that they were not profitable tiser could buy an entire evening for $25. results on November 2, 1920, Bob - or their owners could not find a Few did. Compton was broadcasting ball scores, properly licensed engineer to operate The station was plagued by a grand recorded music and "bedtime stories" on the station. piano which could not be kept in tune, an unlicensed amateur station out of his The 1923 small -town stations that probably because an earlierconcert artist battery shop in Carthage, Illinois (popu- were later moved to larger cities include: screwed the strings too tight and took all lation about 2,000). He called his 1919 WCBD Zion, Illinois, to Chicago; WTAX of the "zing" out of them. That piano was small -town Radio station "B O -B " Streator, Illinois, to Springfield, Illinois; replaced by another, "traded for plugs" Radio may have originally been a KFLZ Atlantic, Iowa, became WOC with a local music store. "small -town story." Many locals in Davenport; KFKB Milford, Kansas, be- Bagley kept his station on the air by Murray, Kentucky, claim that the first came KFDI Wichita, Kansas; KFJZ Berrien renting out his house and living on "crack- Radio broadcast was conducted in their Spring, Michigan, became WKZO ers and milk," the old -timers recall. The county, Calloway, in 1892 by local ec- Kalamazoo, Michigan; KFEQ Oak, Mis- station went off the air when Bagley centric, Nathan B. Stubblefield- before souri, moved to St. Joseph, Missouri; KFLU couldn't raise $27.50 to replace a "blown Guglielmo Marconi. Most Radio histori- San Benito moved to Weslaco, Texas, as out" tube. After his station went out of ans argue the point, but the town's boost- KRGE. WSAZ Pomeroy, Ohio, moved business, he moved to North Dakota, ers have long called Murray, 'The Birth- down the river to Huntington, West Vir- where he lived in obscurity until his death. place of Radio." The town's original sta- ginia, where it now operates as tion, WNBS, founded in 1948, is named WTKZ. WTAQ Osseo, Wis- for Stubblefield. consin, became WGEE Green The 1920 debut of KDKA sparked a Bay. KFJI Astoria, Oregon, wave of Radio listening and Radio sta- traded small towns by moving tion building. By the end of the year, 30 to Klamath Falls where it be- more licenses were issued. By 1923, 576 came KAGO. licenses were issued- 30 in small towns. In the very early days of Of the stations on the air in 1923, fewer Radio, station owners were than 50 survive to this day - only three content to use their stations of which are small -town stations in their for goodwill of theirotherbusi- original communities of license: KFJB nesses or to advance their col- Marshalltown, Iowa; WJAG Norfolk, lege or church. After the first Nebraska; and WNAX Yankton, South paid advertising appeared on Small -town Radio station "B -O -B" Carthage, Illinois, Dakota. KFNF Shenandoah, Iowa, re- AT&T's WEAF in New York in started in the comer of Bob Compton's battery shop in 1919. mains on the air there, but became a 1922, Radio advertising noncommercial station in 1967. WJAG quickly spread. A year later, has remained in the family. It is operated 476 of the nation's then 523 stations Small -town Radio success, from the by Jerry Huse, son of its 1922 founder, were accepting advertising, much to the beginning, was generally made possible Gene Huse. dismay of Commerce Secretary Herbert by the owner's on -air personality as well Twenty -six of the surviving 1923 I loover, who had charge of regulating as his operating and business skills. Case small -town stations "moved in" to larger the infant industry. He said at the time, 63

RADIO M. 62 1995 /RADIO'S 75TH ANNIVERSARY www.americanradiohistory.com RADIO'S 75TH

1 62 NOWT cent of its business from local advertis- r-111111 ers, the small stations had to get 90 in point: Henry Field, who built KFNF percent of theirs off "Main Street." Shenandoah, Iowa, in 1922, confounded ers, 'The agency has renewed the lease of Harry Sedgwick (Dick Woods) re- the entire Radio industry in 1925 by being life to the large majority of Radio stations members getting by at KGDE (now voted the nation's most popular Radio that have complied with its dictates and KBRF), Fergus Falls, Minnesota, in the personality in a reader -poll conducted by otherwise comported themselves in a way mid '30s by reading a local restaurant's a Radio fan magazine Radio Digest. to be best for the general welfare. A few "blue plate" special on the air in return for Field, owner of the Field Seed Com- have fallen by the wayside and some of free meals. pany, soon had Radio competition. Earl these were considered doomed to fail When the Depression ended, World May, owner of "cross -town" May Seed anyway - Commission or no Commis- War I I broke out. The labor shortages of Company built KMA in 1925. He won sion." There was generally a new confi- World War II were met by employing the Radio Digest award in 1927. dence in the Radio business. high school boys and girls as announc- That new ers, and the appearance of women in the confidence ushered manager's office. Mrs. Cole Wylie in what is now called (Helen) at KPQ Wenatchee, Washing- "Radio's Golden ton; Mrs. Frank Becker ( Aurella) at Age" (1928- 1945), WTBC Cumberland, Maryland; and but the age was not Mrs. Charles Carrell (Adelaide) at without problems. WBBZ Ponca City, Oklahoma. There were The rapid station building of the 628 commercial sta- post -war years and the entry of televi- tions on the air in sion caused Radio real problems. The 1927. The FRC industry's share of ad revenues dropped regulations took 50 in half in the '50s. The invention of of them off the air remote control for transmitters and re- by 1929. The De- laxation of FCC rules restored the indus- pression took more try to profitability and made stations out off the air by 1932 viable in very small places. The small - Dana McNeil built 9ZP land license #12 in Pierre, when there were still town Radio station "boom" with rising South Dakota, in 1916. It became KGFX in 1927. 50 fewer. Not until billings, profits, and station values would 1938 did the num- continue into the 1980s. Commerce Secretary Herbert ber of Radio stations reach the 1927 total. A combination of deregulation and Hoover thought that the Radio industry Though the total number of sta- Docket 80 -90 set in motion a station could be operated with a minimum of tions decreased, there were small -town building frenzy that by the mid '90s regulation. He hoped that the "industry entrepreneurs who built new stations in would establish one station for each would police itself." It didn't. To make the depths of the Depression that sur- 11,200 people in nonmetropolitan ar- things worse, a Federal Court ruled in vive to this day: In 1930, KGGF eas (versus one per 38,500). The station 1926 that Zenith Radio Corporation Coffeyville, Kansas; KGNO Dodge overbuilding has been accompanied by could operate its Chicago station, WJAZ, City, Kansas; WPAD Paducah, Ken- the disappearance of many local retail- at times and on frequencies different tucky; KODY North Platte, Nebraska; ers - displaced by nonRadio advertis- from those in its license. In less than a and KOLT Scottsbluff, Nebraska. In ing chains and franchises. But, things year, 200 new stations took advantage of 1931, WKZX Presque Isle, Maine; seem to be looking up thanks to tech- the government's inability to enforce its WJMS Ironwood, Michigan; WDMJ nology and new rules. Charlie Wright, rules. Meaningful reception became im- Marquette, Michigan; WWSR St. Albans, WBYS -AM /FM Canton, Illinois, has possible in many places. Sales of Radio Vermont; and WDEV Waterbury, Ver- been in the business since before World receivers dropped from $506 million to mont. In 1932, WAML Laurel, Missis- War II. He says: "I blame most of small - $426 million in a year. sippi; and KADS Elk City, Oklahoma. town Radio's current problems on ex- In February of 1927, President Calvin The FCC issued its first Radio indus- perts' bad news and forecasts. Small - Coolidge sent legislation to Congress try financial report in 1935. It showed town Radio is like a bumble bee. Any which created the Federal Radio Com- that Radio revenue had grown from $10.8 good aerodynamics engineer can make mission. The guiding standard would be, million in 1928 to $72.9 million. NBC a good argument that a bumble bee can't "the public interest, convenience, and and rival CBS accounted for 57.5 percent fly - but they do." necessity." The FRC was set up to last just of all industry receipts. There were 54 Bob Doll is the author of the forthcoming book two years. Largely at the urging of broad- stations among towns with a population "Sparks Out of the Plowed Ground: A 75 -year casters, the agency became permanent, under 25,000. The average small -town History of America's Small Town Radio Sta- evolving into the FCC in 1934. full -time local station was doing less than tions."He also operates a nationwide consulting, When the FRC took control of the $25,000 a year. Daytimers about $15,000. program and seminar service. He may be reached Radio industry, Radio Digest told its read- While the industry was getting 25 per- at 210- 379 -7549.

1995 /RADIO'S 75TH ANNIVERSARY W. 63 www.americanradiohistory.com 114DIO1 T-E(1I111(41 PAST

Early portable wireless set, K i fir` .sod..,. circa 19205..Tw. Home -built bike Radio and anternas, early 192os. 72 individually boxed Dr. Cecil's crystals, 19205.

192os Radic crystals czmolete with tweezers and instr.ictions. wsc c:q.M.a3DA[: S' eo

WBT c:larlotte control room, circa 1929.

H. V. Kaltenborn and an early carbon mic, 1924.

Tesla's

Wardenclyffe SS &UTÜ N1 Tower, completed ', in 1903, _ was intended for Radio Wireless Auto #1 fron Lee De Forest at broadcast- the 1904 St. Louis Exhibit on. ing and wireless transmission of power across the Atlantic. Early portable Radio, 192os.

KDKA experimented with blimp anternas, one of which later got away and was shot down. RADIO INK 1995 /RADIO'S 75TH ANNIVERSARY www.americanradiohistory.com L-11D10'S TI(DINI(411. POST

Dr. Frank Conrad's early transmitting equipment for 8XK, KDKA.

An early portable Radio, 1920s.

Early transmitter equipment at WFBM, circa 1927. Tes.a's Colorado Sprngs lab In the late 292os, manufacturers rented downtown auditori- - the noise from ums to display Radio sets. several million volts could be heard miles awzy, circa 190o.

NBC using an early portable "traveling" transmitter.

The Interstate Radio Shop, Charlotte, North Carolina, 1923. The manager was Furman Gerguson who also announced on WBT in the early '20S. Knowing where all the Radios were located in Charlotte, he called the owners by phone and told them to tune in when WBT would go on the air.

1995 /RADIO'S 75TH ANNIVERSARY www.americanradiohistory.com RADIO S 75T=

TU.- VH(111. PfK

Edwin Arn- strcng and his supernet- erodyne pjrable.

WJZ New York - early mobile Radio unit being used by sportscaster Major J. Andrew White at Polo Grounds, circa 1925.

WOAW became NOW - Lon Chansky, engineer, circa 1925.

Police motorcycle equipped with Radio, Early house -current Radio, RCA Radiola, circa 1926. 192os.

WW) Detroit transmit -er installation, 1921. Original De Forest transmitter is at left.

Ochestra in close quarters to be heard by recording horn used before electrical micrcphones. RADIO INK 66 1995 /RADIO'S 75TH ANNIVERSARY www.americanradiohistory.com 111:1 D I O' 4

Communications exhibit at 1928 Indiana State Fair Grounds.

Early portable wire.ess receiver used by farmers for getting up -to -date news, 1923. NBC -emote crew at Lake Placid, New York, circa _33o.

G.E. Radio plant in 1924.

Announcer studio at WOW Omaha, circa 1935.

Towers atop building housing WXYZ Detroit, hone of many great programs like the "Lone Philco custom car Radio, circa 1937. Rarger" and "Green Hornet." Early transcription players eliminate the need for sound effects. RADIO 1995 /RADIO'S 75TH ANNIVERSARY INK 67 www.americanradiohistory.com RADIO'S 75TH Ankirt

11-110IO'S PCT

Transcription cutters in studio of city -owned WRR Dallas in the original Centennial Building on Jack Mullin (r) and his Mullin- Palmer the State mcdified Germai AEG Magne:aphon - Fairgrounds. MLllin made the first public demonstra- tioi of a hi -fi magnetic tape recorder in the U.S. on May 16, 1946.

194os RCA Victor receiver.

Cutting lathes for electriica transcriptions a: NBC, 194os.

NBC engineer makes EQ adjustments to a phone -line remote.

A Radio in the home was a status symbol and tfe most ex3ensive item in the home in the '205 and '305.

NBC remote backpack beins used by a window washe or The Empire Stati Building

Typical facilities at WW) Detroit transmitter ouilding, 1936. NBC, circa 1945. RADIO INK 68 1995 /RADIO'S 75TH ANNIVERSARY www.americanradiohistory.com RAD'O'S 75TH -- .-- _

4111D101 TIGINI(41 P~0S1_

KDYL broadcast transmitter, circa 1945. Studio control console, late '3os.

Frost Fones #163, $6.

U.S. Army - National Geo- graphic Society Highly directional machine -gun mic. balloon prior to takeoff November 11, 1935. NBC /RCA equipment transmitted the voices of Captains Anderson and Stevens to listeners nationwide.

The Mullin -Palmer modified Magnetaphon was used by Bing Crosby in 1947 record on ABC. The ;GFW Kearney, Nebraska. to programs exceptional quality allowed acceptance of recorded programming on the networks. Early parabolic microphone. RADIO 1995 /RADIO'S 75TH ANNIVERSARY INK 69 www.americanradiohistory.com RADID'S 75TH

T1(1IM!(fi PUT

Georre B. Stn er 1h-ows the swit :h and KGBS goes 50,000 watts (19óo;. A.so pictured, W. Campbell (l) and L. Baxter. Twenty -six programs can be fed through the master control console simultaneously at Voice of America.

Early portable transistor Radio aimed at youth market, 1960.

Out of the Mullin- Palmer Magnetaphon The RCA 70 -C transcription MacKenzie Repeaters n use at WFBM, 1960s. developments, tuntable. came Ampex models zoo, April 1948, 300 (shown), 400 and station favorite, the 350 debuting in 1954 with more than 40,000 units produced.

Chrysler's Highway Hi- Fi record player, 1959. Typical control -oors for combo caerator includes Gates Dualux Console. 19605.

RADIO INK 70 1995/RADIO'S 75iH ANNIVERSAR" www.americanradiohistory.com RADIOS 75TH 1F

,11DIO'S TIGINI(111. PST

Early 8 -track auto stereo.

. r....- *

"Shivering Sands," WWII anti -aircraft forts in the Thames Estuary in 1966 that eventually housed pirate broadcast stations Radio Sutch and Radio City (on which WMCA "Good Guy" Gars Ste1, ans appeared on tape in 1967).

adio Caroline South, British pirate broad - 3st ship with which Gordon McLendon was KNB2 announcer Dave Niles and RCA B -; volvec, anchored off Essex coast, 1964. console.

Production studios at WH'J and WHJY. ,m,,,, ..- IGM cart QQQf automation ® system. Phil Knight at WPTH Ft. Wayne, Indiana, and typical .roadcast Electronics turntable with '7os studio complete with Gates Executive Console. ek -O -Cut tone arm.

The Ampex AG1oo Cue -Mat is basically a slab of oxide using anologue technology. It could be considered one of the numerous experiments leading to the Remember music libraries? WFBM Music floppy disc. librarian, Mary Vincent, 196os. RADIO 1995/RAnIC)'.S 75TH ANNIVFRSARY 71 www.americanradiohistory.com INK 41-111)10'S T1C1INICfiI HIST

Dave Scott and Paul Schafer of Frank Sumrall, Schafer Electror WAML /WEEZ, ics and an early Century 21 Betamax Programming automation and automation system from the equipment from '8os. the late 'los.

BROtDCAST ELECTRONIC>

BE Automation System with Go -Car-. Disney World Broadcast facility visited by hundreds of stations doing remotes co home cities. Built in the late '8os. Pacific Recorders ADX Digital Workstation from th '9os.

Radio Systems, Inc. DAT.

Typical '8os production facility including the time saving ITC 99!

DMX Cable Radio Controllei Otari 4- track. introduced in early '9os. ;;;F . '.''. *, _. Arbitron's Electronic Diary from 1994.

1995/RADI(YS 75TH ANNIVFRSARY INK w www.americanradiohistory.com 1P .DI' T1(41.11(11. NM

Sony Mini Disc for broadcast purposes introduced in 1995.

Inventor Mr. Ukita visited U.S. Andrew 4.6 meter satellite dish. Radio stations for research before combining the jewel case used in ME CD ROM with the music CD and .,. luny... created the DN95oF in 1987. 3"°?. ... Sha-p 6-disc CD prtable, '9os. J ' ,",.y,. ... I,..., ...G. ...b.., r J ¡ r. r .,o n..,.. r 1-___- ... .. '-

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I I Auditronics Airrraster, '9os. ! or BE computer screen for music scheduling and automation, 1994.

Koss Headphones from the '9os.

Model showing contrast between linear dialing and new electronic digital receivers with quadrasonic Electro -voice REz000 with sound. internal system to regulate temperature and humidity. A futuristic '9os digital console from ABC. RADIO 1 MIS iD A 7cTIJ A AINIIVCDC A DV 72 www.americanradiohistory.com INK »Y1À WESTWOOD ONE' viii« RADIO NETWORKS

11`7:'17 GOTA NAME TOR CNN RADIO NEWS NBC RADIO NETWORK MUTUAL BROADCASTINs SYSTEM CNBC BUSINESS RADIO OPTI NEWS WEST J ..140D ONE NEWS JJMOaRAMS STN AMERICA THIS WEEK WEEK) ND HEADLINER AMERICA IN THE MORNIN THE WEEK IN REV:EW ,THE FIRST LIGHT WESTWOOD ONE ,PROD FEATURES MONEY MEMO WITH BRUCE WILLIA1'.'IS ` FACE -OFF DISTRI YOU AND YOUR MONEY LIKE ONLY YESTERDAY PROGR T IE OFF3EAT MONEY MAGAZINE BUSINESS REPO) _I- THE ENTERTAINMENT REPORT FOR [AURA McKENZIES TRAVEL REPO =T COMMENT ON THE NEWS SPORTS SCOREBOARD pELi SPORTS REPORT WESTWOOD ONE THE THE SOURCE MORNING SHOW AUDIO 4,414UD1 SATELL =TE INTERACTIVES ROCK CALENDAR ROCK REPORT AM THE SOURCE REPORT DON PARDO SPEC :AL EVENT COVERAGE WESTWOOD ONE I RADIO FORMAT!' "DEVOTED EXC WESTWOOD ONE 70'S HOT COUNTRY ADULT STANDARDS / ONI :i BRIGHT AC SOFT AC /FORMAT 41 MAINSTREAM COUNTRY THE OLDIES C= LANNNEL ADULT ROCK `N' ROLL For mole information call y CNN HEADLINE NEWS Talk & Sports 703-413 -8550 - 24 -Hr. Fori Live Concerts. Country,

www.americanradiohistory.com MA WESTWOOD ONE' Vit ENTERTAINMENT ACIOLOIES G(X)1) TIME OLDIES SERIES NEW GOLD ON (:I) -MD GOLD SATURDAY N1G1I'r SUPER GOLD CNR CASEY'S HIGGEST' HITS -TA CASEY'S COUNTDOWNS mat IRE BITS PACK RETRO 5E10W D ONE COUNTRY ACOUSTIC COUNTRY (:()I \'Ilt>' SUMMER CONCERT SERIES8 C( )I NTRY CO[NTDOWN I ISA COUNTRY C[l'rrING EDGE GEST COI INFRY GOL1) SATURDAY COUNTRY'S INSIDE T12AK NINI:'IIES COIINTRY RAND WEEKLY COUNTRY Mt)SIC]C COUNTDOWN ROCK 1313C ROCK OLDIES OR OF 13EATLE YEARS IN CONCERT MT\ NEWS MING OFF TI IT RECORD \IIL McC(rincy's ()OHII 10011D 0111 OE ORDER D SI IPERSI'AR CONCERTS SPORTS EXCLUSIVES 1996 SLIMMER OLYMPICS I IHO CI IAMPII)NSI LIP WAIN( ; NO'I'RE DAME EO( )113A 1.I. NI. FOOTBALL GES MANOR COLLEGE FO(YI'IL\I.I. NCAA BASKE: BALI. STANLEY CUP I I0(;KEY MIKE FRANCISCA ES I Nt DON CR1 )111 SUGAR HOWI. (:OTTON HOWL A. R( )SE HOWL FIESTA 130W I. TALK 1E10 0' RAKER'S (;ARI >EN LINE REST OF WW() TALK JIM R( >11ANN( N i)AVII) BRENNEI( DON .A MIIyE. VELY TO RADIO" FI '!NIL :IFAINMEN] RADIO

1 )AVI I) ISSE.I. ALIVE: I )13 GRANT mil IS IN TT IE MORNING; LARRY KING LIVE.

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www.americanradiohistory.com RADIOS 75TH

a bad word got on the air, broadcasters feared the Radio police would come bash- ing down their door and haul them off to prison even faster than the mattress police would storm your bedroom if you ripped off the tag. A brilliant engineer at WOR figured It All Started Willi out that if he reversed the heads of the Ampex ... first PLAY, then ERASE, then RECORD, he could take one piece of tape, loop it together and have a delay device. The phone call was fed live into balk the record head, the tape would loop around and play out from the playback head over the air. by Michael Harrison and Walter Sabo He had to rig some extra spools and spindles and screw them to the top of the Ampex so the tape loop would have a Demand For Disagreement logists such as WOR's jean Shepard, and track to follow. The spools were spaced Of course, the assignment is insane wonderful interviewers and comics. As a randomly. The result was that it took 7 - at least within the context of a short matter of fact, a strong case can be made seconds for the loop to go from record magazine article. And pretentious. No that 'Talk" Radio was the first of all Radio head to playback head. And that is the one could do an effective history of Talk formats. When commercial Radio first mysterious explanation of the delay be- Radio. We've been in this format for started three quarters of a century ago, ing 7 seconds long. It was not a scientific decades and have known each other as there were no records, no disc jockeys, decision. It just happened. Until that was long, and even we can't quite agree on a no studio orchestras. Just people talking invented, there couldn't be live calls on "history" that would hold up under di- to each other and the audience. And let the air. WOR used that device until at verse academic scrutiny. One can't be us not forget the great Arthur Godfrey. least 1974! (Historical note: Some histo- written because the essence of the genre But here we go, going off on details that rians point out that Ben Hunter did an is debate. The reason it works is the could only wind up being a book, so let's open phone show on KFI in Los Angeles demand for disagreement. move along. as early as 1949 without using tape delay. Very risky. He got nailed several times The Potential Has Always The Engineer And The and the practice was discontinued.) Been There Four Spools The most successful and profitable You see, until 1957, New York City's Telephone Talk Radio format in the history of Radio has always dependable genius of Talk Radio, Long So for the purposes of what's left of been Talk. The fact that it did not prolif- John Nebel, would take phone calls on this history, let's deal with the kind of erate, did not become the buzz until now, WOR and repeat both sides of the con- Talk shows that focus on the interaction had to do with rumor rather than fact. versation. Or was it Barry Gray? Actu- of the host and The rumors: It cost a lot. There is ally, we believe it was both. (Shortly random call- already a Talk station. It only works in thereafter, Gray went on to spend a bil- ers. Interest- big markets. It can't work lion years at WMCA, ingly, most of on FM. until relatively recently its original The audience didn't coming back to WOR masters are get those memos. And where he is still doing his still alive. that is why the handful thing. Nebel wound up As late as of Talk stations that ex- doing a legendary over- the early '80s, isted in solitude until 10 night show on WNBC Duncan listed years ago flourished, and WMCA. fewer than 60 thrived, and earned They couldn't put call- full -time Talk buckets of cash. ers on the air. They would or News sta- listen and repeat what the tions in Ancient History caller said. Then the guest America. The Talk Radio that puts would respond. Without pioneers were Sally Jessy Raphael callers on the air to talk a delay mechanism, there ABC, NBC, to the hosts didn't hap- was no way to put those RKO, and pen until about 1957. unpredictable, cursing, Metromedia. We had the opportunity to Sure there were stations crude callers on the air. work for all four and witness some of the that had brilliant mono- Authur Godfrey And back in those days, if 77

RADIO 10OC /DAnln'c 7cTIJ AAIlJI\/CDCAOV www.americanradiohistory.com RADIOS 75TH 1 76 basis to even the smallest AM stations looking to get back on their feet. People evolution first -hand. Walter was in man- like Bruce Williams (NBCTalknet), Larry agement at ABC in the '70s and consulted Notice that you find yourself in impas- King (Mutual), Ed Busch (AP) and others RKO in the sioned debates with nonbroadcasters were among the first wave. Then came '80s. Michael about Rush or Howard. But never about entrepreneurs like Chuck Harder (Sun), did an issues - "Wings" or "Cheers." The history of and Michael Castello (Syndicated Fea- oriented Talk Talk Radio is a history of passion. tures). And then came Rush Limbaugh show on Oh yes, speaking of passion, one (EFM). But first ... Metromedia's more name that must be mentioned, Dr. FM Rock leg- Ruth Westheimer. Talk Radio as a genre The Fairness Doctrine end, KMET wider than just issues and AM 50k giants In 1987, the FCC abolished the Fair- Los Angeles got its start in 1979 when Dan Griffin put ness Doctrine which freed Talk Radio to between '75 her on WYNY New York and got a 14 be controversial without fear of govern- and '85 and share of adults 18 -34 during her time ment sanctions in the form of fines or loss was one of the period proving a key truth that is being of license. That set the stage for some first to get No. fully realized today: Talk can reach any pretty exciting and viable Radio. Re- Howard Miller I ratings do- demographic desired. member, the demand for disagreement. ing Talk in the baby boom demo when they were still kids (well, sorta kids). The Modern Era Then Came Rush The people who established what A combination of events and cir- The launch of KFBK Sacramento the world thinks of as interactive Talk cumstances gelled in the mid to late '80s Talk show host Rush Limbaugh into na- worked at KLAC and KABC Los Ange- that set the stage for today's burgeoning tional syndication les, WMCA, WOR, WNBC and WCBS Talk Radio profile and expansion. And middays by former New York; KGO San Francisco; WIOD burgeoning is an apt word to describe ABC Radio Net- Miami; WBZ and WMEX Boston; and Talk Radio which has gone from the works President WAIT Chicago, among others. aforementioned handful of stations to Ed McLaughlin in Visionary leaders of the format in- more than 1200 at last count with a 16 1988 proved to be clude Ben Hoberman, KABC, Ed national Arbitron share, the largest of all a milestone in the McLaughlin, KGO; Bob Smith, WOR; formats. Add to that the fact that Talk history of Talk Tom O'Neil, RKO; JackThayer, KLAC; Radio has become an intrinsic part of the Radio's amazing Steve Lubunski, NBC; and our apolo- news of this era, and you have one of the modern era. What gies to many, many others who deserve most exciting and dynamic fields ever to Elvis Presley was to be mentioned. come along. to rock 'n' roll, The talent who led the format in- Rush Limbaugh cluded Bob Grant, Lee Leonard, Jim FM Gobbled Up the Music has been to Talk Rush Limbaugh in his Gearhart, Joe Pyne, Alan Grant, Brad But Spit Out The Radio. And early years. Crandall, Bill Ballance, Dick Summer, Personalities McLaughlin Barry Farber, Dave Maynard, Sally Jessy By the mid '80s, most (not all) of proved that a small "boutique syndicator Raphael, Larry King, Big Wilson, Jerry America's AM stations realized that there could play on a level field in the industry Williams, Avi Nelson, Dr. Toni Grant, was no future in competing against FM with the major networks and win big! Ken Minyard, Bob by playing music. They Murphy, Wally needed to try something The Times Were Right Phillips, Michael Jack- new and had little left to Talk Radio's growth in the late '80s son, Alan Courtney, lose. That's when cre- and on into the '90s grew out of fertile Howard Miller, Larry ative things happen. times. This new medium provided Radio Glick, Jim Dunbar ... Also, one of Radio's most listeners with a sense of virtual commu- but as you see, this is a attractive franchises - nity in an increasingly cold and lonely no -win proposition. No personality -was up for world. Some people didn't know their matter who is listed, grabs as FM continued next door neighbor, but they knew some- someone very impor- to abdicate it. one across town, or across the country, tant will be left out. Satellite and telephone through Talk Radio. Perhaps your favorite technology made great Also, Talk Radio, through hosts such host. And that's the strides in the'80s setting as Rush Limbaugh and many others, ad- power of the format. the stage for the syndi- dressed issues and concerns that were The ability for the hosts cation boom that not being brought up in the mainstream to bond in a unique way brought major market media. Just as music Radio created a with an audience is un- Larry King Talk talent on an ex- personality vacuum that Talk Radio filled, precedented in media. tremely cost -effective 78

RADIO 1995 /RADIO'S 75TH ANNIVERSARY 77 www.americanradiohistory.com INK RADIO'S 75TH 77 Nut .111Eafr the mainstream press and media created an opinion vacuum that proved to be Marketing Talk Radio's powerful niche. One of the other important aspects One of the keys to the dynamic of of Talk Radio's growth is its unique abil- modern Talk Radio is its interactiveness. ity to effectively execute the concept of direct response marketing. This is good for both the broadcasters and the advertisers in as much as the Talk Radio audience is particularly responsive; its listeners do just that, listen. Advertisers get much more, as the saying goes, bang for their buck. Research of Radio advertisers across the nation reveals the startling statistic that one Talk Radio listener is worth slightly more than three (3.3 to be exact) music Radio listeners in terms of likeliness to respond to an advertise- Howard Stern ment. Advertisers get a good buy and broadcasters can work an expanded field of potential customers. The Expansion Bruce Williams The '90s mark the explosive expansion of Talk Radio on three significant The novelty of the box and spools of the levels: First, the number of individual old WOR was the forerunner of what is stations programming Talk oriented for- referred to today as the new media. mats grew from 100 to more than 1,000 A new electronic populism was born. in 12 years. Second, the number of net- A potent combination of entertainment works and syndicators (which, in mod- and politics. Before 1990 had rolled ern times, are basically the same thing) around, local hosts such as Jerr Williams has grown to the point that there are now in Boston and Mike Siegel in Seattle had hundreds of active "networks" beaming Don Imus already organized not only their listeners, Talk programs across states, regions, and but also Talk hosts around the country the nation on a daily basis reflecting a and taken on the politicians, influencinga boom of entrepreneurial opportunity in number of local and national issues in- the Radio broadcasting business. And The Future cluding the reversal of a proposed con- third, Talk Radio is beginning what will It is our opinion that Talk Radio will gressional pay raise. These ad hoc net- prove to be a major explosion on the FM continue to expand in all the directions working efforts gave rise to a new sense of dial, expanding its programming and po- covered in this article, and then some. community within the Talk show host sitioning to attract younger and broader Not all of it will be cutting -edge, society business and the formation of the Na- demos. New personalities are emerging. shaking. news- making Radio. But, then tional Association of Ra- Former disc jockeys again, not all viable music Radio is Alan dio Talk Show Hosts. such as Howard Stern Freed, Cousin Brucie, Murray the K, or and Don Imus have FM Underground Rock. Based on cur- New Players evolved into a real - rent trends and conditions there is no Talk Radio's growing world breed of Talker, reason not to believe that by the end of pertinence made it a pres- which has inspired the decade, half of commercial Radio - tigious place to be, luring others around the AM and FM - will be programming new blood to get into the country to try new some kind of nonmusic Talk. Talk show host business. approaches. Not ev- Michael Harrison is editor and publisher of In addition to refugees erybody in Radio has TALKERS Magazine. He may be reached at from boring music Radio, chosen to shut up and 4f3 -567 -3189. Talk show hosts began to play the records. Many Walter Sabo is president of Sabo Media, a come from the colorful are discovering that management consulting firm based in New York, ranks of ex- politicians, big numbers can be specializing in turnaround strategies for major former TV stars, and con- Chuck Harder achieved by doing market stations. He may be reached at victed criminals. the opposite. 212- 808 -3005.

1C4.5/RADI(YS 75TH ANNIVFRSARY INM(. 78 www.americanradiohistory.com RADIO'S 75TH letters of the alphabet. The 1914 "Radio Stations of the United States" noted that, 'The three items - a given figure first, followed by two letters of the alphabet - thus may be combined in 598 different calls, which will probably suffice for the amateur sending stations in most districts the solution of for some time to come." (More letters and numbers were added as the number of amateurs grew. Also, as the range of amateur signals increased it became necessary to internationalize their calls, so begin- Call Leiters ning October 1, 1928. W and K prefixes were added.) Adapted from a document originally created Call Letter Refinements by Thomas H. White The Bureau of Navigation, a division of the Department of Commerce, regulated United States Radio until the The use of identifying call letters is and stations open to public and limited 1927 formation of the Federal Radio almost as old as Radio itself. Because commercial service. Commission. In 1934 the Federal Com- all early Radio work was done in All combinations beginning with the munications Commission succeeded the telegraphic code, spelling out an letter N were reserved for government FRC. Understandably, the various agen- operator's name or location was cumber- stations and, in addition, the combina- cies occasionally found it necessary to some. Abbreviations of one to threechar- tions from WUA to WVZ and WXA to refine call sign practices. acters, usually based on geographic loca- WZZ were reserved for the stations of In the early teens most nonamateur tion or personal or ship names, were the U.S. Army. The combinations KDA land stations engaged in ship -to -shore naturally more convenient. Operators to KZZ, with a few exceptions, were communication, and were found clustered independently adopted identifying "call reserved for ship stations on the Atlantic along the coasts. As other services were signs," so that stations "calling" through and the Gulf of Mexico and for land developed stations crept inland, and a the ether were able to link up easily. stations on the Pacific Coast. The com- dividing line between the western K's and Unfortunately, during this self- assigned binations beginning with W (except eastern W's was needed. Although the era there were few standards, which re- WUA to WVZ and WXA to WZZ as location is not spelled out in the rules, it is sulted in problems when, say, two or already indicated) were reserved for ship possible to make an educated guess how more ships chose the same call. Unique stations on the Pacific and Great Lakes the original boundary was chosen. As identifiers, organized by national origin, and for land stations on the Atlantic and noted earlier, coastal land stations in states were needed. Gulf coasts and in the Great Lakes re- along the Atlantic and Gulf coasts, includ- In 1912, with the adoption by the gion. Notice the policy was that coastal ing Texas, received W calls. Thus, using United States of an act to regulate Radio ship station calls started with a different the Texas -New Mexico border as a start- stations, this practice became formalized letter from the land stations that they ing point and heading north, the bound- under federal authority. Under interna- communicated with: in the West ships ary ran along the eastern borders of New tional agreement initial letters were al- received W- calls and land stations Mexico, Colorado, Wyoming, and Mon- lotted among the various nations. The were assigned K -, while the reverse was tana. It was only in late January of 1923 1914 edition of "Radio Stations of the true in the East, with K- for ship calls that the Mississippi River, the current United States" records the contempo- and W- for land calls. standard, was adopted as the dividing rary practices for allocating calls for sea Amateur and special land stations fell line. This meant new call grants in North and land stations, which at this time were into a separate call -sign scheme. In fact, and South Dakota, Nebraska, Kansas, few enough so that all could be given the International Bureau at Berne did not Oklahoma, Texas, Iowa, Missouri, Arkan- three -letter calls: The call letters assigned have to be notified of their existence. The sas, and western Minnesota and Louisiana to the United States were all combina- United States was divided into nine Radio became K's rather than W's. However, tions beginning with the letter N (676) inspection districts, and amateurs received existing stations west of the Mississippi and all beginning with the letter W (676), calls consisting of their district number were permitted to keep their now non- and all combinations from KDA to KZZ, followed by a pair of letters, for example, standard W calls. Thus, pioneer broad- inclusive (548). [Note: KAA -KCZ was 8MK. An X as the first letter was reserved casters such as WKY Oklahoma City, allocated to Germany at this time, and for experimental stations. Similarly Y WOI Ames, Iowa, WHB Kansas City, was not assigned to the United States meant the station was operated by a tech- Kansas, and WDAY Fargo, North Da- until 1929.] The total number of interna- nical or training school, while Z con- kota, remain as monuments to the period tional calls was thus 1,950, and these ferred "special amateur" status. Ordinary before the boundary change. were reserved for government stations amateurs made do with the less exotic 8o

RADIO 1995 /RADIO'S 75TH ANNIVERSARY INK 79 www.americanradiohistory.com RADIO'S 75TH 1 79 middle of the W -D- block, which yielded WHDH Boston and WRDW Augusta,

World War I also had a disruptive Georgia. W -E- calls followed beginning effect. German submarines did much to in early 1931, including WDEV Water- popularize Radio among American ships Much speculation has been made about bury, Vermont, WEEU Reading, Penn- as wireless, formerly an expensive op- the unique status of KDKA's call, but sylvania, and WFEA Manchester, New tion, became a life -or -death necessity for this uniqueness actually is just a fluke, Hampshire. The West held out until making the Atlantic run. Unfortunately, due to the fact that no other surviving May 8, 1922, when western broadcasters there just weren't enough three -letter broadcaster was licensed during this started sharing the four-letter ship blocks. calls to go around. The obvious solution short anomaly. Had KDKA been li- KDYL Salt Lake City was both the first was more letters, and four letter KE- censed a few months earlier or later it authorization and last survivor of this signs became the predominate issue for most likely would have gotten a three - group. When it became KCPX (now the rapidly expanding ship service, gen- letter W call like everyone else. [Note: KCNR) December 21, 1959, all 32 KD- erally issued on a first -come, first -serve two other land stations licensed during authorizations from this switchover had basis in alphabetical order. The depart- this anomaly, KDPM Cleveland, and either expired or changed calls. (There is ment, apparently noting that the exist- KDPTSan Diego, both nonbroadcasting currently a KDYL Salt Lake City, but this ence of the Panama Canal meant ships service stations, later transferred to station only dates back to 1945 and has might show up on either coast, no longer the broadcast service but were eventu- been KDYL only since 1981) tried to give ship calls that differentiated ally deleted.] The KF- block, begun June 1922, between the East and West coasts. The boasts a few more noteworthy stations, fewer land stations continued to receive Four -Letter Calls including KFBK Sacramento, Califor- three - letter calls, as turnover provided a The flood of broadcasting service nia, Doc Brinkley's infamous KFKB, reserve pool. Actually "turnover" is in authorizations that began in earnest in KFNF Shenandoah, Iowa (now KYFR), some cases a euphemism. A few land December of I92I served to overload KFQD Anchorage, Alaska, and KFYR stations, including broadcasters WSB the recycling three -letter land station Bismarck, North Dakota. The KG- Atlanta and KLZ Denver, received calls calls. Before the crunch the Bureau was group was tapped July 1926: KGCX that became available with the demise of able to assign three -letter call signs to Sidney, Montana, and KGFJ Los Ange- the ships that had used them. Because about 200 broadcasters. It was the more les, are two that survive to this day. (A superstitious seafarers objected to being saturated East that was the first to feel ship station was not as fortunate. KGOV issued the calls "used by that ship which the pinch. was assigned to the Morro Castle, which went down with all hands last month," On April 4, 1922, an application went on to burn spectacularly off the some "tainted" calls were quietly issued from the Times- Picayune of New Orleans New Jersey coast in 1934.) to unsinkable land stations. broke new ground with the assignment KH- calls were reserved, begin- Showing partiality to vówels, the of WAAB (now WJBO, Baton Rouge) as ning in 1927, for a new service category: next major blocks drawn upon for ship its call. [Note: WAAA was skipped as no commercial aircraft stations. Surpris- stations were KI -, KO -, and KU -. sign was permitted with the same letter ingly this group included a short -lived After exhausting the vowels, and with three times in a row.] The progression broadcast authorization, KHAC, issued KA- to KC- not yet assigned to the continued in alphabetical order, with "A" in late 1927 to Flying Broadcasters Inc. United States, the first available conso- fixed as the third letter, i.e. WAAB, in San Francisco, for "Airplane (un- nant, KD-, was drafted beginning June WAAC, WAAD ..., WBAB, WBAC ..., named)." The KI- block was drafted in 1920. At this point an anomaly occurred. etc. This explains why so many pioneers early 1932, which resulted in KIEV Glen- The Bureau, perhaps caught up in a such as WBAP Fort Worth, Texas; WCAL dale, California. burst of egalitarianism, began assigning Saint Olaf College, Northfield, Minne- [Note: Calls in the early '20s were the last of the KU -, and the new KD- sota, WCAU (now WOGL) Philadel- assigned at the time an application, usu- calls to most stations, whether land or phia, WEAF (later WNBC and now ally a "Form 761," was received in Wash- sea. The result, on October 27, 1920, WFAN) New York City, WHAS Louis- ington, not with the issuance of the first was that a new Westinghouse station in ville, Kentucky, WKAR Michigan State license, which usually took place a num- East Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, KDKA, University, East Lansing, Michigan, ber of days after the application was was sandwiched between the ships WMAQ Chicago, and WOAI San Anto- received. Thus, you must list these pio- "Montgomery City" (KDJZ) and "East- nio, share this same middle letter. neers by call assignment rather than first ern Sword" (KDKB). The "KD- for In later years it became the norm for license date for the four - letter calls to everyone" policy continued until April, broadcasters to ask for distinctive calls. line up alphabetically. For more informa- 1921, when the original three -letter land However, if they had no preference they tion see the Call Assignment Date en- station policy was reinstated. This meant were assigned calls from blocks used for tries in the station list included in "Pio- that, in May of 1921, when the second a variety of Radio services. Starting April neer Broadcast Stations In The United Westinghouse broadcast station, WJZ of 1923 calls centering on "B" were is- States." Also, there is an anomaly in the in Newark, New Jersey (now WABC, sued, including WBBM Chicago, WCBM assignment of W calls which may mean New York City), was authorized, the Baltimore, and WMBD Peoria, Illinois. that WAAB was actually the second four - original call policy had been restored. In mid -1928 there was a jump to the 8i

RADIO INK so 1995 /RADIO'S 75TH ANNIVERSARY www.americanradiohistory.com RADIO'S 75TH 8° '40s and '50s, and obviously the new

services needed call signs. After a short letter W call issued. Purdue University's period of requiring FM and TV stations application fora station in West Lafayette, to have unique calls, the FCC decided to Indiana, was assigned WBAA on the same an impending shortage forced the FCC allow stations in the same market to have day, April 4, that WAAB was assigned. to restrict these calls to only new sta- the same call as sister AM stations, pro-

No other WBA- calls were issued until tions of the "Class I (excluding Alaska)" vided they added an " -FM" or " -TV" suf- two weeks later, after the WAA- calls had classification, where the matter stands fix. (These suffixed calls were technically been exhausted. It is possible that the today. The standard practice was to five and six letters, counting the two - original plan was to start with WBA- separate K and W calls, "with a few letter suffix.) calls, but after WBAA was issued the exceptions," as noted by the "Radio Sta- All FM and TV stations trace their situation was reconsidered and the pro- tions of the United States." Various ex- three -letter calls back to an original AM cession pulled back to start with the emptions over the years, combined with station. Until 1957, whenever you found WAA- calls.] the 1923 boundary shift, mean that in an FM or TV station with a three -letter some areas K and W calls have become call, the original three -letter AM was Three - Letter Calls After intermingled. Some exceptions do not still around. The first exception occurred 1922 have an obvious cause. For example, as a result of the American Broadcasting All broadcast station activity in three - there does not seem to be any particular Company's 1953 decision to change the letter calls did not cease following the reason why KQV Pittsburgh or KYW, calls of its New York City stations from

1922 switchover to four - letter calls, as originally in Chicago and now in Phila- WJZ (AM, FM, and TV) to WABC. This about half of today's holders of three - delphia, should have gotten K rather proved very traumatic to the letter calls trace their first assignment to than W calls. It may be that a harried Westinghouse Corporation, which later than 1922. In many cases these post - bureaucrat either momentarily forgot founded WJZ 32 years earlier in New- I922 calls were not the station's First, but the policy or on which side of the bound- ark, New Jersey. (In 1923 the station were ones they changed to some years ary the station was located. was moved to New York City and trans- later. Some calls were inherited when a Some exceptions were made to sat- ferred to RCA, where it became the previously authorized broadcaster or other isfy special requests or to have a little flagship for the NBC Blue, later station expired. And many of these calls fun. For example, KSD Saint Louis, Mis- ABC, network.) were specially requested to tie in with a souri, should have gotten a W- call, as Although FCC rules prohibited new slogan or licensee name: "World's Largest it was licensed a year prior to the adop- three -letter calls, they didn't restrict new Store" (Sears); "World's Greatest Harbor" tion of the Mississippi River dividing five- letter ones, so, four and a half years (Norfolk); "World's Greatest Newspaper" line. However, its call publicized its after WJZ disappeared the FCC gave (Chicago Tribune); "Woodman Of the owner, the Sand Louis Dispatch. Short - Westinghouse permission to rename its World "; "We Shield Millions" (National lived KOP, licensed to the Detroit Po- Baltimore TV outlet "WJZ -TV." With

Life), etc. The last new three - letter call lice Department, is another case where this precedent a new chapter of call sign assignment, excluding reassignments of a K- call was placed in W- territory practice began. This was the first time previously used calls or FM and TV sister in order to highlight the station owner. permission was given to reclaim a previ- stations, was WIS (now WVOC), "Won- There are also a few cases where a policy ously abandoned three - letter call under derful Iodine State" in Columbia, South change "stranded" W stations inside K the FCC. In addition, this was also the Carolina, on January 23, 1930. call letter territory. first case of an "independent" three -let- The June 30, 1931 edition of "Com- The Bureau of Navigation issued a ter call, i.e., one that did not appear mercial and Government Radio Stations number of "portable" licenses, generally concurrently on any AM station. of the United States" listed 93 three -letter to Radio manufacturers, so that transmit- A year after the appearance of WJZ - broadcasters out of a total of 63 I , about 15 ters could be moved from place to place TV the second "independent" appeared, percent of the stations. It was only in the for demonstration purposes. In 1928 the when the University of Texas was post -World War II boom, when stations Federal Radio Commission put an end to granted permission for a new educa- numbered in the thousands, that these this practice, and told the stations to tional FM station in Austin, Texas. The calls have faded into relative obscurity, either find a permanent home or be de- calls KUT -FM were assigned (another although their absolute numbers have not leted. C. L. Carrell, a Chicago firm, owned five- letter call), in honor of the original declined as much. Actually new three - a number of portable stations -its WBBZ KUT, which the college had sold three letter calls are still being assigned, al- found a permanent home in Ponca City, decades previously, and which became though not for broadcast services. Their Oklahoma, while WIBW ended up in KNOW (now KMOW) in 1932. Since use is currently reserved fora service which Topeka, Kansas. Edwin D. Aber's por- then "independence" has become more dates back to the original 1912 assign- table station, WMBH, also starting out in common, for in addition to the total of ments, coastal land stations. However, Chicago, ended up settling down in 58 active AM three -letter calls as of even this group has threatened to exhaust Joplin, Missouri. January I, 1994, there were I3 indepen- the small allotment. dents, for a total of 71 different three - Previously "Class 2" coastal stations FM and TV Sister Stations letter calls on all bands. were allowed to draw on the block. But I iNI and I V were developed in the 82

RAD,O 1995 /RADIO'S 75TH ANNIVERSARY INK 81 www.americanradiohistory.com RADIOS 75TH 18>_

What's In A 1aIlle? A sampling of calls and slogans used between September 1931 and January 1932

KDKA - "Pioneer Broadcasting Station WGAL - "World's Gardens at KFBI - "Sunshine Station in the Heart WDEV - "The Voice of the Green of the World" Lancaster" of the Nation" Mountains" KDYL - "Out On The Great Divide" WHBF - "Where Historic Blackhawk KFDM - "Kell For Dependable WEHC - "In the Hills of Old Virginia" KFJM - "Grand Forks, the Education Fought" Magnolene" WENR - "The Voice of Service" Center of the State" WHK - "Cleveland the Convention KFGQ - "Keep Faithful; Go Quickly" WFBM - "The Crossroads of America" KFKA - "The Pike's Peak Station" City" KFLV - "The Voice of the Forest City" WFDF - "One of the Pioneers" KLX - "Where Rail and Water Meet" WHN - "Voice of the Great White KFNF - "The Friendly Station WEIW - "Whitest Flour in the World" KLZ - "It's a Privilege to Live in Way" KFOX - "Where Your Ship Comes In" WGBF - "Cross Roads of the Air" Colorado" WLW - "The Nation's Station" KFPM - "The World's Biggest Little WGH - "World's Greatest Harbor" KMOX - "The Voice of St. Louis" WIOD - "Wonderful Isle of Dreams" Station" WHBU - "Only Bank -Owned Station in KOB - "The Sunshine State of America" WCBE - "Second Port of the USA" KFPY - "Spokane's Pioneer Station" Indiana" KOIN - "Hood River Apples from WJAR - "The Southern Gateway to KFXF - "Voice of Denver" WHDL - "The Voice in the Clouds" Portland" New England" KGCR - "Voice of Friendship" WHP - "The Radio Voice of Central KPO - "The Voice of San Francisco, City WLBL - "Wisconsin, Land of Beautiful KGDA - "World's Only Corn Palace" Pennsylvania" of the Golden Gate" Lakes" KGDY - "The Voice of South Dakota" WIL - "The Friendly Station" KPRC - " Kotton Port Rail Center" WLS - "World's Largest Store" KGER - "Wave of Long Beach" WIS - "Wonderful Iodine State" KTHS - "Kum to Hot Springs" WMC - "Memphis, Down in Dixie" KGFG - "Old Glory Station" WJBC - "The Voice of the Illinois KUSD - "South Dakota University for WNAD - "Voice of Sooner Land" KGFJ - "Keeping Good Folks Joyful" Valley" South Dakotans" WNJ - "Voice of Newark" KGGM - "The Voice of the Health WJBI - "Monmouth County's First KV00 - "The Voice of Oklahoma" WKAQ - "The Isle of Enchantment, Country" Broadcasting Station" KWCR - "The Voice of Cedar Rapids" Where the World's Best Coffee KGHI - "Little Rock's Most Popular WJKS - "Where Joy Kills Sorrow" KWG - "Voice of San Joaquin Valley" Grows" Station" WJR - "The Good -Will Station" KWKC - "Keep Watching Kansas City" WOAI - "The Winter Playground of KGKY - "Western Nebraska's Only WKAV - "The Gateway to the White KWWG - "Kum to the World's Winter America" Radio Station Mountains" Garden" WOAX - "Trenton Makes; the World KGNO - "In The Great Southwestern" WKBF - "The Voice of the Capitol" WAAW - "Where Agriculture Takes" KHQ - "Tells the World" WKBI - "We Kill Blues Instantly" Accumulates Wealth" WOC - "Where the West Begins." and KMBC - "Midland Broadcast Central" WKBS - "The Voice of Galesburg" WBAP - "Where the West Begins" "In the State Where the Tall Corn KMMJ - "Old Trusty" WKRC - "The Home of the Gruen WBAX - "In Wyoming Valley, Home of Grows" KNX - "Voice of Hollywood" Watch" Anthracite" WOCL - "We're on Chautauqua Lake" KOA - "Voice of the Rocky Mountains" WLBW - "Northwestern WCAC - "From the Nutmeg State" WODA - "The Voice of the Silk City" KOY - "The Radio Voice of Arizona" Pennsylvania's Broadcasting WOAD - "The Voice of the North WOOD - "The Furniture Capital" KPQ - "Voice of the Apple Country" Station" Country" WOS - "Watch Our State" KRMD - "We Cover the Buying Radius" WLTH - "The Voice of Brooklyn" WCAX - "The Voice of the Green WPG - "The World's Playground" KTAR - "Arizona's Greatest WLVA - "In the Heart of Old Virginia, Mountains" WOAM - "The Most Southerly Broadcasting Station" Where the Blue Ridge Begins" WCCO - "Service to the Northwest" Broadcasting Station in the US" KTRH - "Kum to the Rice Hotel" WMBO - "The Voice of the Finger WDAE - "Away Down South in the WQAN - "The Voice of Anthracite" KTSA - "Kum to San Antonio" Lakes" Sunshine State" WRC - "The Voice of the Capital" KVOR - "Voice of Rockies" WMRJ - "In the Heart of Oueensboro" WDAY - "Biggest Little City in the WRVA - "Carry Me Back to Old KWJJ - "Voice from Broadway" WOPI - "The Voice of Appalachians" World" Virginia" KWKH - "Kill Worry; Keep Health" WOR - "One of America's Great WDBI - "Roanoke, Down in Old WSB - "The Vcice of the South" KXL - "Voice of Portland" Stores" Virginia" WTAG - "The Voice From the Heart of KXO - "Imperial Valley Station" WOW - "Woodmen of the World" WDBO - "Way Down by Orlando" the Commonwealth" VAS - "Voice of the Atlantic Seaboard' WPCC - "We Preach Christ Crucified" WDOD - "Wonderful Dynamo of Dixie' WTAQ - "The Voice of the Wilderness" WAPI - "The Voice of Alabama" WRAM - "The Playground of the WEAU - "The Heart of the Corn Belt" WTAR - "Down in Old Virginia" WBBC -WCGU - "Brooklyn's Own South" WEAf - "The Voice of the Millions" WTIC - "The Insurance City" Stations" WRDW - "The Call of Augusta, Ga." WEBR - "We Extend Buffalo's CFCA - "Canada's Finest Covers WBCM - "Where the Summer Trail WREN - "The Jenny Wren Station" Regards" America" Begins" WSB - "Covers Dixie Like the Dew" WFAA - "Working For All Alike" CFCN - "Voice of the Prairie" WBOW - "The Banks of the Wabash" WSPA - "The Voice of South Carolina" WFBG - "The Original Gateway to the CFCO - "Coming from Chatham, Ont." WCAH - "The Pioneer Broadcasting WSUN - "Why Stay Up North" West" CFLC - "Voice of the Mightily St. Station of Columbus" WTBO - "The Voice of Cumberland" WFBM - "The Convention City of Lawrence" WCCO - "Washburn- Crosby Company" WTOC - "Welcome to Our City" America" CKGW - "Canada's Cheerio Station" WCFL - "The Voice of Labor" XED - "The Voice of Two Republics" WFBR - "Home of the Star -Spangled CKOC - "The Voice of Hamilton" WCOD - "Wonderful City of XEJ - "Voice of the Continent" Banner" CMX - "Havana's Ether Stirrer" Distribution" XEN - "The Voice of Mexico" WFDW - "The Vehicle City" KCRC - "Gold Spot of the South" WDAF - "Home of the Night Hawks" 83

1995 /RADIO'S 75TH ANNIVERSARY www.americanradiohistory.com RADIO'S 75TH 82

XEW - "The Voice of Latin America" WAIU - "Voice of American Insurance Pacific" WKJC - "Your Own Station" KELW - "White Spot of the San Union" CKY - "Manitoba's Own Station" WLAP - "Louisville's Own Station" Fernando Valley" WBAK - "Voice of Pennsylvania" CMBS - "Majestic Radio Station" WLBF - "Where Listeners Become KEX - "A Public Service Necessity" WBAL - "The Station of Good Music" CMGF - "Sounds from Yumuri Valley" Friends" KFAB - "Home Sweet Home" WBBL - "Richmond, the Gateway to CMHC - "If You Hear the Koo of the WLBG - "The Voice of Southside KFBL - "Voice of Puget Sound" North and South" Cuckoo, You are in Tuinueu" Virginia" KFEI - "The Arogonaut Station" WBBR - "Watch Tower" CNRA - "Voice of the Maritimes" WLBL - "Wisconsin, Land of Beautiful KFH - "Kansas' Finest Hotel" WREN - "Buffalo Evening News KBTM - "The Voice of Crowley's Lakes" KFI - "National Institution" Station" Ridge" WLBX - "Radio Voice at Gateway of KFJB - "Marshalltown, the Heart of WBRC - "Biggest Little Station in the KFIU - "A Voice From the Far North" Long Island" Iowa" World" KFJY - "Fort Dodge, Iowa, Center of WLEY - "The Lexington Air Station" KFKU - "Up at Lawrence on the Kaw" WBT - "Queen City of the South" the State" WLIT - "Quaker City Siren" KFNF - "Known for Neighborly Folks" WCAE - "Where Prosperity Begins" KFJZ - "The Voice of Texas" WMAZ - "Watch Mercer Attain Zenith" KFPI - "Baxter's Place" WCAL - "College on the Hill" KFPW - "Fort Smith's Radio Station" WMBD - "World's Most Beautiful KFOW - "Gateway to Alaska and the WCAO - "Gateway of the South" KFXY - "Voice of the Grand Canyon at Drive" Orient" WCAU - "Where Cheer Awaits U" Flagstaff" WMBH - "Where Memories Bring KFRU - "Where Friendliness is WCHI - "Watch Tower Radio Word" KGBX - "The Foster Hall Station" Happiness" Broadcast Daily" WCMA - "Voice of Culver" KGHF - "The Voice of Pueblo" WMBI - "The West Point of Christian KFSG - "The Church of the Air" WCSH - "Voice from Sunrise Land" KGIR - "The Voice of Montana" Service" KFUL - "The City of Perpetual WDAE - "Voice of Times at Tampa" KOCW - "The Friendly Station in a WMBR - "Everything for Radio at Sunshine" WDAF - "Enemies of Sleep" Friendly Town" Tampa" KFUO - "The Gospel Voice" WDAG - "Where Dollars Always KOH - "The Voice of Nevada" WMCA - "Where the White Way KFXI - "America's Scenic Center" Grow" KRE - "Looking Through the Golden Begins" KFXM - "Voice of the Orange Empire" WDEL - "First City of the First State" Gate" WMPC - " Where Many Preach Christ" KFYO - "Breckenbridge, the Dynamo of WEAN - "We Entertain o Nation" KSTP - "The Call of the North" WNBF - "The Voice of Triple Cities" West Texas" WEEI - "The Friendly Voice" KTSL - "The Reciprocal Station" WNBH - "The Gateway to Cape Cod" KGAR - "Way Out on the Desert" WFBG - "Original Gateway to the KTW - "Hear Ye! Hear Ye! The Gospel" WNOX - "Smokey Mountain Station" KGB - "Music for the Sick" West" KUOA - "The Voice of the Ozarks" WNYC - "Municipal Station of the City KGBZ - "The Swine and Poultry WFBL - "When Feeling Blue, Listen" KYW - "The 24 -Hour station" of New York" Station" WFI - "Key City of Industry" WAAT - "The Voice of the Gate of the W00 - "The Voice of Unity" KGCU - "The Voice of the West" WFLA - "Inviting the World to the Garden State" WPAW - "The City of Diversified KGEZ - "The Beautiful Flathead Valley" Springtime City" WABZ - "The Radio Voice of Industries" KGFI - "Voice of West Texas" WGBB - "Voice of the Sunrise Trail" Louisiana" WPEN - "First Wireless School in KGU - "In the Land of Sunshine" WGES - "World's Greatest Entertain- WAR - "On the Main Street of America" KGW - "Keep Growing Wiser" ment Service" America" WPSC - "The Voice of the Nittany KGY - "Where the Cedars Meet the WGST - "Southern School with the WBBM - "World's Best Broadcast Lion" Sea" Notional Reputation" Medium" WRAW - "The Schuylkill Valley Echo" KH1 - "Kindness, Happiness, Joy WIRR - "Where Investments Bring WBBZ - "Serving the Southern Half of WRHM - "Welcome Rosedale Hospital, KJBS - "Voice of the Storage Battery" Results" Kansas and the Northern Half of Minneapolis" KLS - "City of Golden Opportunity" WIBW - "Where Investments Bring Oklahoma" WRUF - "The Voice of Florida" KMA - "Keep Millions Advised" Wealth" WBIG - "Where Business is Goad" WSAI - "The Gateway to Dixie" KMAC - "Radio Sam at San Antonio" WICC - "Industrial Capital of WBZ - "The Broadcasting Station of WSAN - "We Serve Allentown KMED - "See Crater lake" Connecticut" New England" Nationally" KMTR - "Your Friend in Hollywood" WIP -WFAN - "Watch Its Progress, WCBA - "The Voice of the Lehigh WSBC - "World Storage Battery KOAC - "Science for Service" Philadelphia" Valley" Station" KOIL - "The Hilltop Studio" WJAC - "Voice of the Friendly City" WCBD - "Where God Rules Man WSM - "We Shield Millions" KOV - "The Smoky City Station" WJAG - "Home of the Printers' Devil" Prospers" WSMB - "America's Most Interesting NOW - "For God and Country" WJAX - "Wonderful Jacksonville" WCBM - "The Voice of Keith's" City" KRLD - "Down Where the Blue Bonnets WJBU - "In the Heart of the Keystone WCRW - "The Gold Coast Station" WSMK - "The Home cf Aviation" Grow" State" WELK - "The Voice of the Elks" WSUI - "The Old Gold Studio" KSEI - "Kummunity Southeast Idaho" WKBF - "We Keep Building Friendship" WHFC - "The Voice of the West WSVS - "Watch Seneca Vocational KSl - "Voice of the Intermountain CFCT - "The Mecca of Tourists" Towns" School" Empire" CFCY - "The Pioneer Radio Voice of WIBA - "The Capital Times Station" WSYR - "The Voice of Central New KSMR - "The Valley of Gardens" Canada's Garden Province" WIBX - "The Gateway to the York" KSO - "Keep Serving Others" CFOC - "The Hub City of the West" Adirondacks" WTAD - "The Voice of Agriculture" KTAB - "Knowledge, Truth and CFRB - "Just Plug in, Then Tune In" WILM - "The Friendly Voice of WTFI - "Telling Dixie About Beauty" CHGS - "Holman's Guarantees Wilmington" Everything'' KIM - "The Station with a Smile" Satisfaction" WISN - "The News at Milwaukee" WWNC - "The Radio Voice of the KVI - "Puget Sound Station" CHNS - "The Key Station of the WJBW - "The Friendly Broadcasting Asheville Citizen" KWS( - "The Voice of the Cougars" Maritimes" Station" WWRL - "The Voice of Queens County" NAA - "Where the Time Signals CJCA - "The Sunniest Spot in Sunny WJSV - "A Voice From the Heart of the XER - "The Sunshine Station Between Originate" Alberta" Nation" the Nations" WAAM - "Sunshine Station" CHCD - "Canada's Western Gateway" WKBB - "The Voice of Joliet" XETA - "Radio Cultural" WABI - "The Pine Tree Wave" CKCK - "The Queen City of the West" WKBH - "Service to the Middle West" XETF - "La Voz de Vera Cruz" WADC - "Watch Akron Develop CKCO - "The Voice of Hamilton" WKBZ - "The Voice of Western XEX - "Land of the Aztecs" Commercially" CKMO - "The Tourist's Mecca of the Michigan"

RADIO 1995 /RADIO'S 7511I ANNIVERSARY INK 8 www.americanradiohistory.com Susquehanna Radio Corp. TM C 140 East Market Street York, Pennsylvania 17401 (717) 852

csc `Y PClY4Si cCJe/YJCCe Salute Radio'. KNBR-AM San Francisco, CA KFOG-FM for their supp

KRBE -FM Houston, TX dollars of the

KLIF-AM Dallas /Ft. Worth, TX KPLX-FM

WNNX -FM Atlanta, GA Radio's Tc WARM -AM Wilkes- Barre /Scranton, PA WMGS -FM WBHT FM 7- Eleven American Home Products

WFMS -FM Indianapolis, IN WGRL -FM American Stores Anheuser -Busch

WGH -AM Norfolk, VA AT & T Burger King Cap Cities /ABC WGH -FM

WRRM -FM Cincinnati, OH Chrysler CocaCola

WSBA -AM York, PA CompUSA Fox TV FTD WARM -FM

General Motors Hooked on Phonics

Kmart Corporation

Thanks to CMR /R &R ar

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Bfi4SLEY BRCb4DQIST GROUP )p Advertisers in advertising WAJY-FM Aiken, SC WBSS-FM Atlantic City, NJ who Industry WGAC-AM Augusta, GA WGOR-FM

WTSB-AM Lumberton, NC

WEGX-FM Fayetteville, NC Myrtle Beach, SC dvertisers Florence, SC WDSC-AM Dillion, SC

McDonalds MCI Communications WKML-FM Fayetteville, NC

Miller Brewing Montgomery Ward WWCN -AM Ft. Myers, FL/Naples, FL WRXK-FM WXKB-FM Pepsico Quaker Oats WEQR-FM Goldsboro, NC

Schering- Plough Sears KAAY-AM Little Rock, AR

WPOW-FM Miami, FL Sunsource Health Proudcts WSFL-FM New Bern, NC Tandy Corporation US Government WJHM-FM Orlando, FL

US West Warner- Lambert WTEL-AM Philadelphia, PA WDAS-FM WDAS-AM r their help ini this project. WXTU-FM

www.americanradiohistory.com RADIO'S 75TH

research to the personal computer, which was unheard of in 1977. He found he could predict the outcome of Arbitron data. He eventually founded The Birch Report which was one of the first ratings competitors of Arbitron to gain acceptance. Birch introduced qualitative research to the Radio industry, which was 10 years ahead of its time. He eventually sold the company and the 75W7hoMadea buyers ultimately sold off portions, one of which (Scarborough) ended up owned by Arbitron.

Blackburn, James W.: Was the first professional Ra- Difference dio station broker. He set the standards for buying and selling Radio stations Picking the 75 most important people in Radio's history is in America. He was re- impossible. Over the years hundreds have fathered impor- sponsible for some of the tant Radio stations and networks; others developed techno- biggest deals in Radio history (at the time) and built an empire which has lasted beyond his death. logical breakthroughs that changed the business forever. Yet we had to pare down the list. The people listed here have Block, Martin: Known for made a major impact on Radio, some positively, some being the inventor of and negatively, but all have made a master of ceremonies for, difference just the same. "Make Believe Ballroom." He was the first big -time disc jockey in the United States. He was one of the

Abrams, Lee: First to for- Barber, Red: The first and first to spin records instead of using a live orches- mat, popularize, and sci- biggest sports announcer tra, though very early broadcasts featured records

entifically program Al- of his time. As a result of and voice exclusively. bum Rock Radio (a term his broadcasts, the New he invented). He started York Yankees gained na- Blore, Chuck: Conceived one of the first successful tional popularity which of giving stations names Radio consulting busi- has lasted to this day. He other than call letters.

nesses with Kent Burkhart which created numer- had a profound effect on the way Radio announc- "ColorRadio" KFWB in ous stations with similar sounding formats. Leg- ers broadcast baseball. Los Angeles. Created one end has it that Abrams hitch -hiked across America of the first fierce competi- so he could ride with people and observe their Bennett, Buzz: Started tive battles in Los Angeles Radio listening habits. "liner card" Radio adapted and in the United States when he pitched KFWB from Bill Drake's program- against "Boss Radio" KHJ. Amos 'n' Andy (Freeman ming style, taking Radio Gosden and Charles formats and music Radio Beaudin, Ralph: Took the Correll): This program to the next level. Bennett ABC Radio Network and was so popular on Radio created station names that spun off four more tar- that America scheduled sounded like sports car models ... 13Q, Y100, etc. geted networks. This everything around the His programming philosophies removed much of move, designed to appeal show. Movie start times the personality from tightly formatted Radio and to different demograph- were changed to begin following the broadcast. focused on music. He was the first to remove jingles ics and lifestyles, took a The program consisted of two imitation black -a staple on music stations - from the air. network that was on the edge of disaster and men (Gosden and Correll were white). Though turned it into a huge success. Placed network popular at the time many believe the program Benny, Jack: Was the high- newscasts at times other than the traditional top degraded blacks. So much so that a popular tele- est rated Radio performer and bottom of the hour. vision actor purchased all rights to the program - for 20 years. Aired at 7 p.m. and photos - from CBS and made them agree to on Sunday. He started at Burkhart, Kent: Simulta- never air the programs or show the photos again. NBC and was later stolen neously invented (see by CBS' Bill Paley. Case) the first satellite de- Armstrong, Major Edwin livered Radio formats and

H.: Invented Superhetro- Birch, Tom: Created a talked John Tyler into dyne Radio, and FM broad- callout music research pro- funding what became casting. Was unable to get gram while working as SMN (Satellite Music anyone interested at the program director at Network). This allowed stations to have live DJs time. Armstrong ultimately WQAM Miami. Was one who did not sound like machines (as automated committed suicide. of the first to bring music 87

RADIO INK 86 1995 /RADIO'S 75TH ANNIVERSARY www.americanradiohistory.com RADIO'S 75TH 1 86 thought the price was excessive, so he built one himself. He later began manufacturing stations did). Satellites offered complete turnkey sets that anyone could afford, making Radio programming of several formats. It required low what listeners wanted to hear and giving it to more than an elite medium. He created 8CR investment for start -up, very little equipment other them. He was the first programmer to do "callout" which became WLW Radio when he realized than a satellite dish, and resulted in the creation of research in the '60s and the creator of some of the Radios would not sell without good program- an industry unto itself. Also started (with Lee most innovative Radio promotions in America. ming to listen to. He was the first to broadcast Abrams) the program consulting industry. He is known for creating the Urban CHR format with a 50 watt station, which he grew to a and having the guts to play music others thought 5,000 watt, a 50,000 watt, and finally a 500,000 Burns/Allen: The team of would not be popular. watt, that he ran for several years until the George Burns and Gracie Federal Radio Commission reversed the deci-

Allen were the first well - Conrad, Dr. Frank: A sion. His stations innovated some of America's known husband -wife team Westinghouse engineer favorite programs and offered such personali- on the Radio. They started who essentially invented ties as Red Skelton, Doris Day and The Clooney

out as a vaudeville act be- Ham Radio with station Sisters. The song "Moon River" gained popu- fore they became Radio 8XK. The station later be- larity as a program opener on WLW. Crosley stars. Burns played the straight man while Allen came known as KDKA was the first to air baseball games. He pur- would often ad -lib comedy for long stretches at a Pittsburgh. Conrad claimed chased the Cincinnati Reds baseball team in time. Their program was among the highest rated to be the first to air music over the airwaves when order to entertain Radio audiences. He was and lasted many years. he played a phonograph record. After tiring of the also the inventor of the facsimile machine same record he made a deal with a record store to (then called "picture Radio ") and the Radio Case, Dwight: Started the air mentions in exchange for records. This was not powered car. first Radio network after only one of the first known commercials, but also CBS in the '30s, The RKO one of the first Radio trade deals. De Forest, Lee: Invented Radio Network. Was the the audion tube, the most first Radio network to use Corwin, Norman: A great important discovery to- satellite delivery. Founded Radio drama director and ward hearing the human hthe first "major market" one of its greatest writers. voice on the Radio. De retail /direct sales company As a poet and innovative Forest's tenacity enabled for Radio which grew to more than 100 sales reps. producer, he created many Radio to occur. Co- authored and published "The Breakthrough classic moments in Radio's Course in Radio Selling" which was sold to and Golden Era, elevating the Donahue, Tom: Inven- used by one half of the Radio stations in America. art and integrity of Radio. Corwin was known for tor of Progressive or Simultaneously invented satellite delivered for- many Radio productions, including'We HoldThese "Underground" Radio. mats (See Burkhart) and was co- founderofTranstar Truths" and the "VE Day Broadcast." His influence on KSAN network (now Westwood One Radio Networks) San Francisco was the with C.T. Robinson and Bill Moyes, the first 24- Coughlin, Father Charles: first to mirror the psy- hour format network officially announced. Cre- His "Shrine of the Little chedelic music trends of ated the first all -Asian Radio station in the United Flower" and on -air social- artists who were previously receiving no expo- States, resulting in more than 50 copycat sta- ist beliefs and espousal of sure due to their "radical" messages and sound. tions nationwide. anti -semetic views brought This sound reflected the hippie movement and such controversy that it the '60s underground movement. At his fu- Chapin, Dick: Started the resulted in Congress pass- neral it was said, "With Tom Donahue went deregulation movement ing legislation called the Fairness Doctrine. He the next great format."

with a speech at a was one of the first national religious broadcasters. broadcaster's convention. Drake, Bill: Invented FCC Commissioner Dean Crosby, Bing: Besides be- The Hit Parade format Burch was present and cre- ing a performer, Crosby and was the first to syn- ated a committee of five found a way to transcribe dicate contemporary FCC and five NAB people. This resulted in the programs in broadcast programming via tape. elimination of more than 500 antiquated FCC quality and won legal Offered the first rock'n' rules. The FCC's Dick Wiley then took Chapin's rights to use transcriptions roll programming for deregulation ideas further. Chapin also was re- on the air on ABC. He was FM. Was the first "Radio doctor" consultant sponsible for moving the NAB convention to "Sin the first to pre- record who created numerous "sound- alike" stations City" Las Vegas. The decision met much resis- broadcasts for later airing which was considered across America. At one time Drake had 558 tance but resulted in the highest profit the NAB an attack (and distinct advantage) on competitors stations in America playing the exact same had had to date. NBC and CBS. playlist of records. Known as the inventor of the "Drake" format which consisted of a tight Clifton, Jerry: Developed Crosley, Powell: Was the (short) playlist of records, brief personality mass appeal formats and first to make the Radio set exposure and jingles, and 20/20 news (news at

created a new Top 40 affordable to the common twenty after and twenty till the hour), and sound in the '70s on FM. man. When his son wanted "Boss Jocks." With Ron Jacobs he created "The He is the first programmer to purchase a wireless re- History of Rock and Roll" program. credited with listening to ceiver in 1920, Crosley 88 Po-

RADIO 1995 /RADIO'S 75TH ANNIVERSARY INK 87 www.americanradiohistory.com RADIO'S 75TH Godfrey, Arthur: Was 87 the first to do Radio in a Duncan, James: Be. conversational way, ginning in the '60s, Freed, Alan: Was one speaking one -on -one to Duncan became a of the first and most listeners. Was the pio- statistician for Radio popular disc jockeys in neer of ad -lib commer- while working out of America. Proved the in- cials. Became one of the Gilmore Advertising fluence of Radio by air- top personalities in Ra- in Kalamazoo, Michi- play of records which dio and one of Radio's best salesmen. gan. Over time he resulted in massive sales. produced the "Duncan Report" and became This inspired record Guild, Ralph: Founder the foremost authority on station and mar- companies to offer to pay for records to be played. of Interep, co- founder ket pricing and values. His "stick values" Though the practice was not illegal at the time, of McGavern Guild Ra- estimates are said to be partially responsible Freed's acceptance of payola led to his conviction dio. The first Radio rep- for the Radio industry buying and selling and imprisonment for tax evasion. resentative to represent frenzy in the '80s. His valuations created more than one station high interest and investment in Radio, un- Gabbert, Jim: Dissatis- per market and the first like any seen before. fied with the National to consolidate rep firms Association of Broad- under one umbrella through acquisition. His in- Ellis, Elmo: After leav- casters' (NAB) atten- novations have been important to the developing WAVE Louisville, tion to Radio, Gabbert ment of Radio advertising. He changed the way

Ellis patterned WSB started a competing as- national business is sold. A leader in the industry, Atlanta after the con- sociation called the Guild spearheaded movements to create coopera- cept of the small -town NRBA (National Radio tion between competing companies to "grow" the

Radio station. He was Broadcasters Association). This created a major Radio business with his "Radio 2000" efforts. Cred- the first to realize that division in the Radio industry, primarily between ited with developing Radio marketing specialists big -city Radio should AM and FM broadcasters, but ultimately ended up in the rep business which resulted in $50 million sound like small -town Radio. He essentially with the NAB paying attention to Radio. The annual growth in Radio revenues. was the first to formulate the idea of local NRBA eventually merged with the NAB. community involvement. Harvey, Paul: Known Gavin, Bill: Was the first as the best salesman in

Etheridge, Mark: to create a credible record America because of his President of NAB. airplay chart for broad- highly stylized and Forced formation of casters to follow: in- communicative broad- BM I. Fought for broad- vented and lived the term casts. Best known as casters in the issue of "uninfluenced airplay." In America's most popular music licensing rights, the '50s, Radio chart po- and listened to com- resulting in millions of sitions were often mentator who started on the air in 1932 at the age dollars saved for 'bought" by record companies. Stations then gave of 14 on KVOO Tulsa, Oklahoma, and is still on broadcasters. higher airplay to records with higher, or upward today. Has always had huge ratings and is listened

moving positions. Gavin was the first to create a to and loved by millions of Americans weekly. Fowler, Mark: FCC chart that was legitimately based on airplay - commissioner during which could not be bought -and sales. He brought Hay, George D. the Reagan adminis- credibility to the programming of music Radio sta- Started the Grand 01' tration. Was respon- tions with his trade publication The Gavin Report. Opry and expanded the sible for the unpopu- national popularity of lar Docket 80 -90 Gernsback, Hugo: One country music in which granted many of the first to publish in- America. WSM's Grand more Radio station li- formation about Radio to 01' Opry is one of the censes, the impact of which was felt for years Ham Radio operators. longest running na- following his tenure. He founded several trade tional programs in history. WSM's massive signal magazines including covered a large portion of the United States in the Freberg, Stan: An inno- Modem Electronics, Radio evenings which resulted in national exposure for vator in Radio commer- Nems and Radio Craft. He country music. cial production. He was was the first to make and sell broadcast equipment

the first to develop to consumers and the first to offer a low- priced Heftel, Cecil: Changed strong Radio creative wireless receiver. He encouraged the ideas of 'broad- the rules in Radio con- ideas, and was known for casting" and was one of the people who stimulated testing by offering big showing that any image national interest in the idea of Radio broadcasts. dollar cash giveaways

can be created in Radio Gernsback was a leader in creating Radio legisla- and by outpromoting commercials with the use of creative writing tion and standards. Founded the first Radio trade every competitor. Pio- and sound effects. He offered many syndi- association, The Wireless Association of America neered many major sta- cated Radio programs and is well -known for Also conducted many experiments which helped tions. Was the first to the commercials he created promoting Radio. further the wireless industry. 89

NC 88 1995 /RADIO'S 75TH ANNIVERSARY www.americanradiohistory.com RADIO'S 75TH .88 influenced the outcome of the 1994 congressional elections, The success of his Radio talk create the "cash call" contest, where you phone show led to a successful television talk show listeners and hope they answer their phone with like Howard Stern, Don Imus and others, and and one of the best-selling books of all time. the station slogan, e.g.: "I listen to the new sound of stood behind them when controversy erupted at Unlike many who have gained prominence and Y -100." Was an early investor in the jingle business, the FCC. Karmazin has used his clout and finan- popularity through Radio and later abandoned and was known for having the highest paid air cial ability to fight FCC regulations which others Radio for television, Limbaugh has remained personality in America (Aku Aku in Honolulu). have been financially unable to do, or unwilling to loyal to the medium. He is credited with saving risk. His efforts have changed the FCC and the the dying AM dial by offering compelling pro- Herrold, Charles broadcasting business on many levels. gramming worth listening to. He is also cred- David: Began regular ited with newfound advertiser interest in Radio. broadcasting of music Katz, Eugene: Grandson Many advertisers who have risked being aired and information from of Emanuel Katz who on his controversial program have become suc- San Jose, California, in started the first newspa- cess stories overnight. His presence is a phe- 1912. The station even- per rep firm, son of nomenon perhaps never before seen in Radio, tually became KQW, George R. Katz who or at least not since the invention of television. then KCBS. eventually ran the rep firm. In 1931 Eugenesaw Marconi, Guglielmo: Hertz, Heinrich: Pro- there was an opportunity Generally referred to as fessorin Karlsruhe, Ger- to represent Radio stations. Against his father's the father of Radio. many, who performed approval he signed up a number of Radio clients Marconi was credited experiments that proved including WKY Oklahoma City, WWNC Asheville with inventing the sys-

the existence of radia- and KGU Honolulu. In 1935 Katz established a tem of sending electro- tion predicted by Max- separate Radio division which ultimately drove the magnetic signals well. Managed to propa- company into electronic media. through ether. This in- gate Radio waves and vention led to the wireless telegraph and even- detect them. He never realized the potential of Keillor, Garrison: Be- tually voice broadcasts. Though Marconi is the what he had proved. came one of the folk he- most well- known, the Supreme Court ruled in roes of the 20th century 1943 that Nikola Teslá s experiments with Ra- Hooper, C.E.: Was the with his broadcasts from dio were prior to Marconi's, and therefore

first to start a Radio rat- Minneapolis/St. Paul on awarded official credit as the father of Radio to ings company to gather public Radio. His "Lake Tesla. Marconi had experimented with Heinrich and report listenership. Woebegone Days" Hertz's theories at an early age, and filed for a The "Hooper Report" broadcast became highly patent in England in 1896 for "improvements in began in the 1930s. popular and was listened transmitting electrical impulses and signals and Hooper started with the to across America. He is known as one of America's an apparatus therefor." Marconi was the first to Starch Report, which best storytellers and is considered the Mark Twain create commercial applications of wireless. did readership studies for magazines. He envi- of the '80s and '90s. He has proved that live Radio sioned the need for Radio ratings. broadcasts can again become popular and that McCoy, Jack: Brought theater -of -the -mind and Radio storytelling still has production value and

Jones Sr., Rogan: a place in America. promotional drama Founded IGM. Invented back to Radio in the the automation of Ra- King, Larry: Though early '70s. Hundreds of dio station program- not the first late -night stations copied his pro- ming, requiring no live network talk show motional style and pre- operator on the air. First (Barry Gray, Barry sentation. Perhaps best created reel -to -reel Farber hold claim), it known for "The Last Contest," arguably the tapes with clear tape was the first to gain biggest and most exciting contest ever pro- windows between songs to trigger other machines strong national atten- duced on Radio (with partner Doug Herman). to play the next programming element. The in- tion and massive Was one of the early successes at programming vention of automation saved the industry from listenership. On the Mutual Broadcasting Net- Top 40 music on FM. financial crisis. work, King proved that all -night Radio offered a big audience. A television version of his program 4 McLendon, Gordon: A Karmazin, Mel: One of was later created on the Cable News Network, legendary innovator. the first entrepreneurs while he continued his Radio show, bringing high He produced recre- to build and create a visibility to Radio. ations of baseball massive Radio organi- games for broadcast on zation who resisted the Limbaugh, Rush: Be- his Liberty Network, temptation to also go came the most listened invented all -News Ra- into television and pub- to talk show host in dio at KNUS Houston, lishing. His Infinity America with 20 million invented "classified ad Radio" at K -ADS in Los Broadcasting is one of the largest broadcasting listeners in 1995. His Angeles (now XTRA), and brought excitement companies in America. His leverage is unparal- strong Republican opin- to Top 40 Radio. leled. Karmazin saw the value of national talent ions are said to have 90

RADIO 1995 /RADIO'S 75TH ANNIVERSARY N(. 98 www.americanradiohistory.com RADIO'S 75TH 4 89 Story." Created the first international programming distribution company in the world.

Minow, Newton: Best Pattiz, Norm: Founded Sarnoff, David: First got known for his "Televi- the Westwood One Ra- attention as a young

sion is a vast wasteland' dio Network, which telegraph operator for

speech, however his in- grew from a tiny pro- the Marconi company fluence on Radio was gram syndicator to be- when he received dis- staggering. One of the come one of America's tress signals from the moo feared FCC com- largest Radio networks. sinking Titanic on April missioners, he was the first to strongly insist that Eventually acquired the 12, 1212. For 72 hours

Radio stations had a responsibility to their com- Mutual Broadcasting Network and the NBC Ra- he provided lists of survivors to newspapers. He munity and should not be just an entertainment dio Network. Influenced programming on thou- later became head of the Radio Corporation of medium. It was Minow's legislation that forced sands of Radio stations. America which built Radio receivers. To sell republic service programming requirements on Ra- ceivers he believed America needed compelling dio stations. He stated that "listening to the aver- Quello, James: One of programming and so he created the Red and the age Radio station is like going down the midway the first broadcasters to Blue networks. The Red became NBC and the Blue

(at a carnival) listening to the hawkers." As a result take a seat on the FCC was sold to Edward). Nobel, the maker of Lifesav- he imposed advertising limits on broadcasters. (first was Bob Wells), ers, and became ABC. he helped create legis- Murrow, Edward R: lation that was broad- Schulke, Jim: Inventor Brought drama, enter- caster- friendly and thus of the Beautiful Music tainment and credibil- softened the FCC's (easy listening/ ity to news with his live regulatory effect on Radio. Stood firmly against matched -flow) format reports from London "shock jocks" and indecency on the airwaves. which was originally during WWII. His Radio's first friend at the FCC. called "Pretty Music." broadcasts compelled Scientifically re- Americans to get in- Reagan, Ronald: One searched the music and volved in the war effort, and some credit him with of the great Radio ora- made it tie most profitable format in America due actually getting America in the war. His descrip- tors. He started on to its low cost of operation. One of the smartest tions of events are unparalleled to this day. He set WOC Davenport and and most influential programmers in all of Radio. new standards for news reporting and ran the CBS WHO Des Moines. The format commanded giant audience shares news organization. Started as a Radio an- and revenues. Credited with first bringing listen-

nouncer, then later be- ers to the FM dial and having the first No. I rated Neal Jr., Hal: Known came an actor. His FM stations in America (WEAT West Palm Beach for resurrecting group speaking abilities got him elected head of the and WOOD Grand Rapids). Was founder of the Radio. His efforts re- actors union, governor of California, and presi- National FM Broadcasters Association. Credited sulted in building the dent of the United States. In his first movie role he with writing FCC documents which resulted in

ABC owned and oper- played a Radio announcer. the FCC splitting manditory simulcast of AM and ated Radio stations into FM. Forced rating companies into adding FM one of the most consis- Roosevelt, Franklin D.: stations into rating books. tently successful Radio First politician to use groups. Equally with Dwight Case at RKO, Neal co- Radio to his advantage. Stamberg, Susan: She

financed the first RAB managing sales conference He became a good Ra- changed the nature of and the first fall NAB programming conference. dio speaker which was quality Radio news by one of the reasons he was developing in -depth Paley, William: After elected to three terms. Radio news programs in advertising LaPalina ci- After Roosevelt, all poli- ti a time when brief news- gars on the Radio and ticians were judged by their ability to speak on the casts were the trend. seeing sales leap from Radio. Roosevelt started the Saturday "Fireside Her style and direction

400,000 to I million a Chats" which have been used in some form or launched National Public Radio into the limelight day, this wealthy 27- another by many other presidents to this day. and made it one of America's favorite networks. year -old cigar heir invested in Major White's Rounds, Tom: In 1969 Stern, Howard: Best floundering Columbia Phonograph Broadcasting created Watermark known as Radio's bad Company (formerly the United Independent which was the first suc- boy for his on -air pre- Broadcaster Inc.) and later reformed it as the cessful contemporary sentation. It was Stern Columbia Broadcasting System (CBS). The net- Radio syndication com- who spawned the term work became one of the most powerful and influ- pany. One of his most "shock jock" due to his ential forces in Radio, and eventually television. well -known creations use of controversial lan- Paley is alleged to have originally believed the was "American Top 40" guage and material not invention of television would not surpass the with Casey Kasem, which became one of the most used previously or with any regularity on the air. power of Radio. He later, after much pressure, widely syndicated Radio shows in history. Also As a result he accumulated over a million dollars in produced embraced the TV concept. the critically acclaimed "Elvis Presley 91 111111.

INK 90 1995 /RADIO'S 75TH ANNIVERSARY www.americanradiohistory.com RADIOS 75TH X90 Radio to the attention of the advertising community. His company put up the necessary dollars to fines from the FCC for obscenity. Stern and his fund the program and create a major award. It was management people, including Infinity Broad- Thompson who took the lead in getting other casting President Mel Karmazin, challenged the Sweeney, Kevin: Cre- broadcasters involved along with Gary Fries of FCC actions and refused to pay the fines. Stern's ated and ran the Radio the RAB. challenges have been considered important in Advertising Bureau. He defending free speech. His program is syndicated made the RAB's mission Tichenor Sr., Mac: One nationally and his listening audiences are among of becoming a high proof the pioneer broad- the highest ever. Stern is a best -selling author file sales operation a pri- casters in Spanish -lan- whose presence ultimately has been good for ority. Sweeney created guage Radio program- Radios visibility. Stations that air his program an ad campaign that ran ming. He created the realize immediate financial success. in Time showing a man listening to a car Radio first successful Radio or-

which stated, "This man is being sold right now." ganization of Spanish - Storer, George: When Sweeney was the first to add real sophistication programmed stations, blocked from advertis- and systems to Radio sales. bringing to them credibility and quality. He ing his Speedane gas sta- brought Spanish -language Radio to the attention tions in the Toledo Blade Taishoff, Sol: Co- of advertisers who previously did not consider the

newspaper, because of a founder (in 1931) and buying power of the Spanish community. major advertisers clout publisher of Broadcasting (Standard Oil), he built Magazine (for 51 years). Welles, Orson: Noted

a Radio station to ad- Became a vocal voice Radio director and ac- vertise on. He became a multimedia giant, adding within the Radio indus- tor who changed Radio cable and television along with many other busi- try and dominated the forever with his Hallow- nesses to his holdings. He was one of the first Radio industry with the een broadcast of 'The entrepreneurs to show that one could become a biggest and most influential trade publication at the War of the Worlds" on major broadcast company without the clout of a time. Taishoff often wrote editorials about FCC or CBS' Mercury Theater, network behind them. congressional actions which helped reverse policies October 31, 1938. to favor Radio. Until his death in 1982, Taishoff set Showed what dramatic power Radio had. Though Storz, Todd: Though he policy in the Radio and television industry. his program had a small audience in its time slot,

had a career as a brewer the stunt caused nationwide panic. The stunt led to ahead of him (his par- Tesla, Nickolas Gave new regulations regarding falsified news broadcasts. ents were wealthy Min- first demonstration of neapolis brewers) Storz Radio communication Wilson, Bob: A former chose Radio. Storz in- in 1893 in St. Louis. disc jockey who vented Top 40 and the Fought a Supreme Court founded Radio & Records idea of repeating favor- battle to be named the in 1972. Wilson in- ite records after observing employees in a Midwest "Father of Radio." Court tended to change the bar playing the same 10 songs over and over again. awarded him the title in way that air personali- 1943, after his death. He was an electrical genius ties and Radio music Stubblefield, Nathan: who created the alternating current industry, and programmers picked Gavea public demonstra- the multiple spark -gap. their music. He created fresh new music chart tion of wireless in 1892 concepts which revolutionized the Radio and and received patent num- Thomas, Lowell: Was record industry for many years. ber 887,357 for wireless one of the first Radio telephone on March 12, network commentators. 1908. Not only did he His listeners were glued broadcast signals, but he to his broadcasts. He was RADIO'S 75TH CELEBRATION also broadcast voice and music. Demonstrated a so influential that Asso- ship -to -shore broadcast on the Potomac River in ciated Press newspapers Washington, D.C., on March 20, 1902. He died of were forced to react to starvation and a pauper in Murray, Kentucky. his broadcasts by printing news he had already reported. He legally challenged broadcasters rights Sutton, Percy: Founder to read newspaper accounts on the air prior to the of Inner City Broadcast- papers being completely circulated. His beautiful ing, one of the first voice aired on the 1930 Blue Network. black -owned broadcast companies to be taken Thompson, Jim: The seriously in America. Be- head of the Group W came a major influence Radio stations, Thomp- in New York City poli- son pioneered the Ra- tics and was a successful role model as a black dio Mercury Awards business owner. Created WBLS which became which has brought the one of the most powerful Radio stations in America. creativity and success of

RADIO 1995 /RADIO'S 75TH ANNIVERSARY INK www.americanradiohistory.com Advertisement But there were barriers. Advertisers were accustomed to tear sheets and dummies. Radio is intangible. There was the question of how many SETS were being used. How many people were listening? How far did radio signals go? Advertising was bought on faith...and good RADIO salesmanship. But people were listening. Radio stars and programs drew thousands of A Fine fan letters. People altered their habits to listen to programs. The "Amos `n' Andy" program was so pop- Tined ular movie theaters had to pipe it in or people would not come to the early show! And people responded to over- the -air offers..in Aid droves. But to the advertising industry, that had relied on the hard facts of publisher's statements and Audit by Craig Harper Bureau of Circulation, letters from listeners just was- n't enough proof. For advertising to grow, quantifying of the audience had to take place. The beginning Getting to know the audience Can you imagine what it must have been like back The dawn of radio research was 1928. Dr. Daniel in 1920? America was a society so different from Starch was hired by NBC to conduct a study, what we know today. There were conve- geographically limited to the extent of niences...the telephone, the automobile, network reach...east of the Rockies household electricity...but by no means only! Dr. Starch's study only mea- were these common, let alone taken for sured how many families owned a granted, as they are today. radio, not listening patterns. The Then suddenly - voices and music finding estimated that something came out of the air. To many, it must over 30% of the families owned a have seemed godlike...or witchcraft, radio. While not widely used, this depending on your point of view. Can you first effort spawned electronic media imagine how exciting it must have been to research. suddenly hear something out of thin air? Advertisers wanted to know more about where their It may not be quite as magical today, but it's cer- money was going. tainly still exciting to see listener reaction to a new In 1930, Archibald Crossley measured radio lis- music format...or the emotion stirred up by talk pro- tening. Crossley was endorsed, but not financed, by the grams ...thousands of farts turning out at a remote...or Association of National Advertisers (ANA). sports fans tuned in to an exciting game. Quantifying audiences inspired confidence in radio Radio has always had the ability to stir emo- advertising. The electronic media era had begun and tions... from the first magical moments in 1920 to today. advertising would never be the same. That's one of the reasons radio is such a wonderful In 1933, The Crossley Surveys, officially known as advertising vehicle. the Cooperative Analysis of Broadcasting (CAB), included the first "qualitative" estimates. Audience Advertisers get to know Radio size by two socioeconomic groups - rent and occupation were the original data displays. After that first broadcast, it wasn't long before advertisers found radio and the exciting results this new Later, other legendary names came into the busi- medium could achieve. The first "spot" is believed to ness. C.E. Hooper was probably responsible for the use have been aired in New York City (a local of "rankers" and the ubiquitous claim of "I'm number account...still the heart of advertising revenue). Soon 1." He would release to newspapers, monthly reports others tried radio over fledgling networks and radio was of the "First Fifteen "...the highest -rated evening pro- poised to become a major national entertainment and grams, to gain publicity. In 1938, Nielsen did the first advertising force. metered measurement. Despite the excellent response advertisers received

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You Deliver the Audience We'll deliver the proof Blight), Ma® 800 -723 -4743 Bennett M. Griffin Craig N. Harpe

www.americanradiohistory.com RADIO'S 75TH shows. 'The Lucky Strike Hit Parade" drove home the popularity of hit music. By the mid- 1920s, networks were al-

ready programming 'The No. 1 Song of the Hour" performed live by groups like Fred Waring and the Pennsylvanians, Paul Whiteman and Vincent Lopez. Tip Itadio'sViolleer Top Bread hired former Washington, D.C., comic Jack L. Cooper to broadcast out of a South Side Chicago furniture store as the first black DJ /entertainer. The show was programmed to minority Programmers audiences on WSBC Chicago starting in 1927 with huge audiences. At WOR New York, in 1925, John by Tom Shovan B. Gambling started doing an exercise show that evolved to a music and time - check format. "John Gambling's Musical Clock" was handed off to his son John A. e year was 1909 and Charles D. was driven by opportunity. Radio set Gambling in 1959 and is now hosted by Doc" Herrold hit the airwaves with manufacturers like Powell Crosley the third generation of Gamblings, John T program of news, gossip and music started Radio stations to provide a mar- R. The show, of course, has evolved well in San Jose. Residents of the San Jose, ket for their sets. Dozens of Radio sta- beyond its original mission. Meanwhile, California, valley tions also owe their humble beginnings in 1930 Chicago, Homer Hogan of KYW listened to crys- to appliance stores from which they (the call letters were then in the Windy tal sets Doc broadcast to promote set sales - in- City) got a wake -up call in his hotel Herrold had including WOR -AM New York. Playing room. He liked the sound of a female stalled in the records on the Radio was discouraged voice in the morning and was thus in- area. Credit, by the Department of Commerce who spired to hire Miss Halloween Martin to however, for the first regulated Radio. In 1927 the newly host the "Marshall Field & Co. Musical first licensed formed Federal Radio Commission reit- Clock" mornings, built around the John regular broad- erated that the use of "canned music" Gambling formula. This led to the birth cast station re- was "unnecessary," although stations of Radio personalities like Peter Potter in mains a toss- continued to program records. L.A., Hal Morgan in Cleveland, Mort up between Lawrence's Dawn Patrol on WIP Phila- Westinghouse's Brother George Rueppel delphia, Jack the Bellboy and Bill Randle KDKA Pitts- The first Radio with a message was in Detroit. At WFBR in Baltimore, "Red burgh and programmed by Brother George Rueppel Godfrey The D. "Doc" Herrold Charles the Detroit at WEW St. Louis, which was started in Warbling Banjo- News'WWJ Detroit -both 1921 by St. Louis University. Brother ist" hated doing

which signed on in 1920. General credit Rueppel played records and gave a run - early mornings seems to be given to KDKA which has ning commentary. Records, however, still so much that he avidly defended the honor. hadn't become Radio's mainstay - not used his sarcas- Indeed, one of the first DJs was Dr. because of federal pressure but rather tic wit to take it Frank Conrad, a Westinghouse researcher because of technology. In 1926, inventor out on the com- who read newspapers and played records Clinton R. White broke the barrier with mercials. This on experimental station 8XK from his his invention, 'The Vibraphone." White unique approach garage in Pittsburgh, which he relocated built WCRW Chicago and his wife be- spiraled him to a to the top of the Westinghouse plant. A gan playing records middays on the sta- whirlwind of department store ran a newspaper ad sell- tion, continuing to do so through 1941. fame as a main- ing Radio components on September 29, Sales drove programming almost stay of CBS Ra- 1920, and the response was so great that ... from the start. Poor starving Radio didn't dio History Ed McKenzie aka Westinghouse filed for a license for have the wherewithal to make the agen- and later, TV. "Jack the Bellboy" KDKA. The heritage station hit the air in cies toe the mark. It was the advertiser time to broadcast live the 1920 presiden- who wielded the big stick and decided The Networks tial election results. Conrad, meanwhile, on programs. There were the "Happiness Radio Networks provided content - grew with the station to become president Candy Boys, " "Ipana" (toothpaste)'Trou- hungry stations with programming and of Westinghouse Broadcast Company. badours," "Cliquot Club" (soda), "Eski- revenue. In the 1930s and 1940s, the Programming in Radio's early days mos" and a host of other brand -driven 95

RADIO INK 49 1995 /RADIO'S 75TH ANNIVERSARY www.americanradiohistory.com RADIO'S 75TH

94 accounted for more than 75 percent of airtime. Local programming brought with programming of most stations was dic- it accompanying abuses. Detroit car tated by the availability of material from dealer George A. Richards used the air- its network. There was CBS, NBC Red, guide magazines. TV's evolution, in fact, waves to pound his anti -Semitic and "Red - NBC Blue (which became ABC), Mutual follows many of the same paths Radio Baiting" propaganda on his stations: and Keystone. The four major networks had blazed. KMPC Los Angeles, WGAR Cleveland distributed their programs to Radio sta- Throughout its history, Radio has and WJR Detroit where Father Coughlin tions via dedicated telephone lines. Such always tried to utilize music as material. got his start. Richards' single -minded cru- lines were too expensive for small rural Writing and producing hundreds of air sade to get the Jews and Communists out stations to lease and stations provided hours of original scripts was exhausting of government cost him his license in little advertiser benefit compared to a and expensive. Technology at first kept 1951 and Richards died that same year. major market affiliate. Such was the void most music performances on Radio live, All three stations went on to live down filled by Keystone Broadcasting System but as electrical transcriptions and better their history. which distributed its dramas, soap operas reproduction techniques were developed, Music programming was cheap and and variety shows on transcriptions. Ra- Radio filled light listener time with mu- popular. No scripts, no production, just dio at that time was programmed much sic. Large Radio stations had in -house announcers and music. "Music and news" like pre -cable television was later. orchestras which the unions were reluc- was the format tag and one of the first Evening was "Prime Time" and network tant to relinquish as records came into was in Los Angeles. Don Fedderson per- affiliates took their dictates from the vogue. In fact, the tradition of late night suaded KYA San Francisco owners, The network. So- called "independent" stations TV variety shows, like "The Tonight New York Post, to buy KMTR Los Angeles, - those with no network affiliation - Show," having a studio orchestra, was switch the call letters to KLAC and hire usually had tough sledding in Radio's actually due to the fact that NBC had disc jockeys including Al Jarvis and Peter "Golden Era." been paying for a full orchestra since Potter (Juke Box Jury) as personality jocks. By the 1940s, early Radio days and decided to at least Country music was flourishing on 50,000 a typical network af- put them to work on late night TV. ABC watt stations like WWVA Wheeling, filiate might sign on shortly followed suit. Unions also fought WSM Nashville and WCKY Cincinnati. with a farm show, relentlessly to keep recorded music off The skywave at night was harnessed to present music and the Radio. American Federation of Musi- sell everything from baby chickens to news with disc jock- cians' militant President James C. Petrillo Bibles that glowed in the dark. WLS eys of sorts, then by battled with Radio for decades over Chicago's "National Barn Dance," WSM midmorning join the broadcast and recording rights and even Nashville's "Grand 01' Opry" and network for Don required that Radio broadcasts of live WWVA Wheeling's "Jamboree" drew McNeil's Breakfast music be credited on the air with A.F. of huge theater audiences from across the Club or Arthur M. and Petrillo's name specifically. country as well as a loyalty that is still Godfrey. Soap Op- alive today. eras, and crooners like Local Programming Don McNeil Lanny Ross and Kate Technology evolved and Radio be- When Jocks Were King Smith filled the day came more portable and thus more per- Disc jockeys were allowed to pick interspersed with news commentary from sonal by the late 1940s, fragmenting their own music and report its popularity the likes of Galen Drake, Fulton Lewis Jr. the audience that used to sit around the to Cash Box and Billboard. Personalities and Lowell Thomas. "Afternoon Drive" Radio together. To further puzzle Ra- thus owed a part of their success or fail- was downtime since there was little if any dio programmers, they were finding ure to their automobile listening until the late 1940s. the living room Radio moved aside for judgment of Stations filled locally until the networks a new wireless with pictures. All the musical tastes took over in the evening. fragmentation cut net- as well as sus- The dramas, variety work listening shares ceptibility to shows and Radio sitcoms and the Radio networks influence from

we treasure as Radio's cut their compensation record plug - heritage aired at night. to local affiliates, stimu- gers. While Keeping in mind that Ra- lating the success of lo- everyone has a dios of the era were large cal programming. story, it's gen- and ornamental pieces of As early as 1946, Andre erally assumed furniture, Radio listening Baruch and his vocalist that Chuck was a family activity with wife Bea Wain left the Dunaway and Chuck Dunaway TV -type squabbles over network for $150,000 a Kent Burkhart which show to select year at WMCA New instituted the first Radio playlist in 1955 from listings in the daily York. That same year, the at KXOL Ft. Worth, Texas. The role of newspaper or Radio Lowell Thomas FCC reported that music 96

1995 /RADIO'S 75TH ANNIVERSARY N(. 95 www.americanradiohistory.com RADIO'S 75TH

Jack Thayer Bob Wogan Steve Labunski Hal Neal

the program director expanded from or- grammers, the two great Radio leaders and -hand information. KADS -FM Los ganizing announcer schedules and su- who brought Radio into the second half Angeles which later became KOST tried pervising public service programming to of the 20th century both died prema- an All Classified Ad format under actually crafting formats and leading the turely. Todd Storz and Gordon McLendon's ownership. A third player increasingly powerful DJs. McLendon, however, both revolution- in the new formula Radio arena was Radio networks still tried creative ized the way Radio was programmed. Gerald Bartell whose "Bartell Family ideas to keep their affiliates, and NBC Bells, whistles and jingles replaced an- Radio" moniker dressed up the Storz/ under Bob Wogan aired a weekend maga- nouncers who were instructed to refer to McLendon act at WOKY Milwaukee, zine show called "Monitor." "Monitor" themselves on the air only in the third WAPL Appleton, KLBQ San Diego, hired Gene Rayburn - breaking up person plural. We all know the story of KRUX Phoenix and WBGE Atlanta. One WNEW New York's morning team of Todd Storz sitting in a bar noting that of Bartell's programming geniuses was "Raeburn and Finch" to be replaced by the customers played the same songs on John Box whose KBOX Dallas was the Klavin and Finch. Martin Bloch brought the jukebox over and over. Furthermore, only station to give KLIF trouble. Storz, theater -of- the -mind to music Radio with waitresses who'd been exposed to this McLendon and Bartell all operated his "Make Believe Ballroom" playing to music repetition all day spent their own through a chain of command directly an imaginary dance hall. WNEW GM money in the jukebox playing the very from the owner to programming. Names Jack Sullivan gave Bloch a regular slot same tunes. Thus the half -hour "Lucky like Steve Labunski, Don Keyes, Bill only after Bloch proved to a skeptical Strike Hit Parade" became a full -time Stewart, Kent Burkhart, Ken Dowe and sales department he could move mer- format. By 1956, Todd Storz owned Jack Thayer programmed Radio through chandise. Bloch went on the air pitching KOWH Omaha, WDGY Kansas City its new explosion. Groups like Balaban "Retardo," a diet pill at a dollar a box and and WQAM Miami. Time called Storz and Don Burden's Star Broadcasting drew 3,750 customers the first week. Ex- 'The fastest rising figure in U.S. Radio ... joined the fray. policeman George Duncan turned Radio whose low estimate of listeners' intelli- In New York, Mel Leeds at WINS GM and steered WNEW's ship, eventu- gence is tempered only by his high re- took the Martin Bloch formula and put it ally going on to head Metromedia Radio. gard fortheircupidity." Repetitive playlists, into rock 'n' roll. The network -owned Ironically, though, it was also WNEW- continuous contesting, promotions aimed stations were slower to acknowledge AM where, in 1957, PD Hall Moore at manipulating the ratingsand even fraudu- change, but WABC New York under Hal dropped the station's 'Tops in Pops" for- lent advertising brought Radio from tux- Neal and Mike Joseph started torching mat because "Album sales were too large edos to blue jeans. Old line Radio people the network fare in 1960, substituting to play only singles." Jocks were king. were shocked and network affiliates irate repetition of hits and strong personali- There was Ted Brown and The Redhead but the listeners loved it. ties. Rick Sklar and Sam Holman carried on WMGM New York, Sherm Feller on The Storz Brewery heir continually the banner. Mike Joseph, nearly 20 years WEEI Boston and a lineup of personali- ran his stations with the emphasis on later, reminded Radio again about "Hot ties on WBZ Boston assembled by Al programming. Storz' formula Radio Hits" as architect of the CBS -owned FM Heacock including Carl DeSuze, Alan caught the attention of another daring stations. Beautiful Music emerged as a Dary, Dave Maynard and Bruce Bradley, Radio pioneer, Gordon McLendon. format as Herb Golombeck of KOWH playing Top 40 music with an adult tone. Emerging from Dallas, McLendon, how- Omaha switched the former Storz sta- ever, was much more daring with ideas tion to "KMEO -Cameo Music." The Storz -McLendon Era and experimented with a number of for- McLendon's KARL Oakland under Don Whether by grim coincidence or an mats. McLendon's ill -fated Liberty Broad- Keyes delivered Beautiful Music and love all too real evaluation of the drive that cast System featured sound play -by -play poems to San Francisco in 1959 but the mercilessly motivates Radio's great pro- re- creations using sound effects and sec- 97

IÑK 9 1995 /RADIO'S 75TH ANNIVERSARY www.americanradiohistory.com RADIO'S 75TH

"on a lark" was relegated largely to 96 ' failing AMs with nothing to lose. Talk Radio, a trail blazed by Bill Ballance, Joe Pyne, Larry King and Long John Nebel became superhighways when former KQV Pittsburgh Top 40 jock Rush Limbaugh took the forum against political correctness. Country Radio, toy- ing with its Urban Cowboy image developed in the 1970s, found its niche in the I990sasa format leader. Sate Holman Mike Joseph Minorities became majority users of Radio with the success of Spanish, formula came from Lee Siegal who'd used geles, CKLW Detroit and KFRC San Urban and Caribbean stations. AOR the idea to beat McLendon in Dallas with Francisco as well as dozens of Drake - started as free -form Album Rock and KIXL -tuneful music and a harp logo. consulted stations and copycats. Even "Brother Love" on the ABC -owned FMs the most skilled programmers like Storz under Allen B. Shaw and KSHE St. Louis All News veteran Grahme Richards and Crowell - as well as other FMs of the '60s. AOR All News was the brainchild of Kevin Collier PD Chuck Blore (KFWB /KDWB/ grew stronger in the '70s and was chal- Sweeney of the RAB who recommended KEWB) found their stations challenged lenged in the '80s. By the 1990s, Album the idea in 1955. The first All News was by the Drake revolution. Programmers Rock's musical history was sliced into probably XTRA in Tijuana, Mexico, Buzz Bennett and Jerry Clifton one -upped sub -definitions. Classic Rock consumed broadcasting wire service copy to South- Drake with the "Q" format in the 1970s a majority of former Album Rock listen- ern California. It was another McLendon utilizing sophisticated music research and ing while "New Age" and "Album Alter- stab that missed its mark but left history big money giveaways. Even Ron Jacobs' native" took the former AOR core that behind. In March 1963, Westinghouse's brilliant production for Drake's KHJ fell wanted new music. AOR, Urban and WINS New York succumbed to grow- to Bennett and Jack McCoy's "Last Con- Top 40 have all grown out of their ing advertiser resistance to Top 40 and test" at KCBQ San Diego which offered frames as they reposition. Jim Lightfoot spearheaded WINS' vivid descriptions of valuable prizes and The renegade daredevils who built switch to All News with a 22- minute untold wealth for listeners. By the 1980s, or bought Radio stations for the show cycle. The All News format utilized the Radio had truly spread to both AM and business of it all have given way to "Hot Clock" technique Top 40 Radio FM, forcing the now huge competitive corporate owners. Relaxation of Radio used to play and recycle the hits. That arena to pick a niche. Former AM music station trafficking by the FCC has in- formula has changed little over the past giants like WABC New York changed fluenced Radio to be more investor - 32 years including the WINS news format to a more AM- friendly talk sound. friendly, more of a commodity. Radio sounders themselves. At NBC, Presi- Former record - producer Al Ham even has come full circle. Radio networks dent Jack Thayer tried launching an All niched out a huge disenfranchised audi- again drive the medium. Arthur News network in the 1970s but NIS was ence with Big Band format "Music of your Godfrey gave way to Bruce Williams; too little too soon - as was Rick Sklar's Life." Failing AMs across the nation be- Henry Morgan to Howard Stern. "The attempt to launch a nationwide clone of came viable overnight. Lucky Strike Hit Parade" has passed its WABC, "Super Radio." torch to "Rick Dees' Weekly Top 40." Talk & Country Whether through networks, syndica- Drake, Bennett & Clifton New leaders took the forefront. Na- tors or consultants, Radio is homog- In music Radio, the formats divided tionwide Communications took the lead enized across the country yet finely off and mass appeal 'Top 40" Radio grew in the 1980s in Top 40 as RKO, beset narrowcast by format within each mar- more refined. "Circus Folks" like former with legal problems, dismantled their ket. Light years from "Doc" Herrold's Ringling Brothers promoter Duncan Top 40 empire. Nationwide President San Jose experiment, Radio has grown Mounsey at WPTR Albany gave way to Steve Berger led the group to victory as mightily over its fascinating history, the finesse of Dick Lawrence. The pro- they acquired Western Cities Broad- but some may muse that it also has lost motions and hype conceived by Storz casting. Research, including even gal- something ... an eager innocence to and McLendon were considered clutter vanic skin response tests on respon- explore the magical ether. by Bill Drake at KYNO Fresno. In the dents, grew from experiments in mar- Tom Shovan is VP /marketing & program devel- late 1960s, Drake took the more music, kets like Chicago to a way of life. Com- opment for Radio Today Entertainment and smooth and efficient delivery and un- puters managed playlists and consult- VP /operations for CD Media Inc. He may be cluttered sound to RKO's KHJ Los An- ants managed computers. Programming reached at 212 -581 -3962.

1995 /RADIO'S 75TH ANNIVERSARY N(97 www.americanradiohistory.com RADIO'S 75TH A Runaway Without a ) Giveaway When WQAM Miami was purchased, it was filed with the Federal Com- munications Commission for takeover by Storz Broadcasting. This normally took a period of six weeks or so. Broad- Ibp4OE casters in Miami were absolutely pan- icked when they heard that Storz was coming to town. They visited the FCC and complained about the Storz "pop music" format, and his aggressive promo- Omaha S tional tactics. The Commission decided to hold a formal hearing which delayed the sale. An agreement was reached that by Kent Burkhart was a pure compromise. Storz would be allowed to buy the station if he would not run any of his contests, or promo- Iwas there! I was the afternoon drive Storz Beer was noted in the Midwest as tions, for one year after the station pur- person at the first Top 40 station in being the finest of the malt. The senior chase. Furthermore, he had to include the United States. It was KOWH Mr. Storz was not quite certain what not just a diet of Top 40 music, but also Omaha, Nebraska, owned by the leg- Todd was getting into, but for $60,000 three hours of public service program- endary Todd Storz. It was spring 1956, he figured it was something for his son ming per day. and as a 22- year -old, I knew that we were to do. The Miami broadcasters thought making history. I just wasn't certain how Todd's first attempt at Top 40 in they had won, but in fact the gleam in far the Top 40 history would travel. 1955 was not in its purest form. He hired Storz' eyes indicated that he knew he A 50 share, 50 percent of the audience, some very good air personalities who were had the ball and the bat to play with. was common for Top 40 stations in those very personable but quite verbose. Sure enough, the Storz explosion on days, but I'm getting ahead of myself. KOWH played Top 40- How did Top 40 really begin? There type music in the morn- are a lot of stories. Since I worked for ing, Country music in another Radio legend, Gordon midday, followed by the McLendon, and the aforementioned Mr. Top 40 Countdown

Storz, I had the ringside seat. starting at 4 in the after- You may have heard this one be- noon until sign -off (this fore, and I can declare its authenticity was a daytime station). from the lips of Todd Storz to my ears. Even with Country Todd, who as a young man, was sitting music in midday, how- at a bar in the Midwest in a city not too ever, KOWH's ratings far from his hometown of Omaha, no- soared. The revenue L -r: Kent Burkhart, Todd Storz ticed that the patrons of the bar would trail followed the rat- and Bill Stewart in i 957 play the same music over and over ings. Imitators were again, and then after they had left for many. Soon, the midday Country was the evening the waitresses would play replaced by Top 40. WQAM made history. After three or the same selections again and again. At Todd went on to buy other Radio four months, the station was in the 40 that time there was very little music on stations to broadcast the same brand of share area. Storz threw it back at the the Radio, and what there was, was Top 40 format. He purchased WTIX Miami broadcasters by running full -page boring. Radio soap operas had moved New Orleans, WHB Kansas City, WDGY ads in trade magazines stating "A Run- to television. Radio was dying an un- Minneapolis, and WQAM Miami. away Without A Giveaway." The public natural death. Todd thought to himself One of Todd's successes in his daily service programming was the "Allan that it would be wonderful to hear the programming dealt with what we now Courtney Program" which began at 10 club "jukebox" records on the Radio all know as TSL contests directed toward p.m. and ended at 1 a.m. This was a two - day long, repeating them one after the time spent listening. One such contest way Talk program that may have been other. He talked his father into buying was "The Lucky House Number" where the first of its kind in the United States. a daytime AM property from the Omaha if you were the listener who had the Its popularity was incredible, and abso- World Herald - KOWH ... (Omaha number, you won a prize ... which was lutely removed any type of negative World Herald). always cash. Another contest was "The stereotype about Top 40 or popular Robert Storz, Todd's father, owned Lucky Name" in which the same ap- music only attracting kids for an audi- the Storz Brewery and was quite wealthy. proach was used. 99

RADIO MK 98 1995 /RADIO'S 75TH ANNIVERSARY www.americanradiohistory.com RADIO'S 75TH All of the above companies and sta- 98 ,6_111=1.1 tilEar tions were anxious to hire talent from the ence (the most common of all problems original Storz organization. The raids for Top 40 broadcasters of that era). I were heavy and extensive. remember the incident well because ment which included Frank Sinatra, Ella, There were several creative program- Todd moved me from Omaha to Miami Sara and others. mers who played a prominent part for to become PD some two months after On the other hand, there were many Storz and McLendon. The most note- the station was purchased and began its stations that did a credible job of copy- worthy was a gentleman by the name of assault on the marketplace. ing the original Storz Top 40 concept. Bill Stewart who worked for both Storz' formula was very simple ... play Those included KNUZ Houston, KJR McClendon and Storz a couple of times only the hits of the day over and over and Seattle, WQXI Atlanta and WNOE as they tried to steal him from each other. over (in those days there were no re- New Orleans. Bill was a formatic genius who really currents or Oldies), play very little new There was even a group called refined the format in 1956. music, specifically only three new selec- A.I.M.S. - American Independent Met- tions a week, hide the news at five minutes ropolitan Stations - that consisted of of the hour, keep air personalities warm but not terribly talky, and keep a low commercial count. As I recall, we played five commercials in the first half-hour, plus at the half -hour break two 20- second spots which sandwiched a 10- second a cappella jingle. The second half -hour was about the same with the 20- second sand- wich at either 5 minutes of the hour prior to the news or at the top of the hour before music began. The Storz formula was a never -ending pattern of hit music. In- deed, this was the first more -music type of format ever applied to Radio. Back to Gordon McLendon. He and Storz shared ideas and personnel within their respective stations. McLendon learned a great deal from Storz about t the 198414)X5. music and the rotation of it therein. He Gordon McLendon (I) and mostly ignored the music advice and Kent Burkhart allowed his program directors and disc jockeys a wide latitude far beyond the 40 records that Storz played. Thus, even approximately a dozen broadcasters who From the beginning of Top 40 though they were from the same era, the gathered twice a year to submit ideas through the late '50s and '60s came other McLendon approach was not pure Top regarding the new Top 40 -type concept. extraordinary programmers. Those in- 40 as was that of Storz. These broadcasters even exchanged fi- cluded Bill Drake, Ken Dowe, Don Keyes, nancial information, on a monthly basis. and as time further evolved, program- The Storz Bombshell Storz originally belonged to the group mers like Rick Sklar, There were all sorts of articles in but had to resign because of a conflict in By the early '60c, Country music various trade publications about Storz' Oklahoma City. He bought KOMA stations had found that they could adopt Top 40 approach. One of the best was there, and WKY had previously been a Top 40 formatics playing Country music titled 'The Storz Bombshell," in which member of the group, thus the resigna- and escalate their audiences consider- New York City critics stated that Top 40 tion. (The AIMS group still exists.) ably. Then along came Adult Contem- was strictly a hinterland format, and Othergroups that were involved with porary, or Middle of the Road, with the would never work in the Big Apple. Along Top 40 in the early days included the same Top 40 formatics in place, which came the good guys at WMCA and a Plough Company, the Burden Stations, achieved high ratings. Top 40 approach on WINS, and thereaf- the Kaye -Smith Stations and the Crowell- The "Storz Bombshell" created an ter WABC to silence their typewriters. Collier Stations. The Crowell -Collier Sta- entire new post -television world. Today There were other stations disguised tions were programmed by Chuck Blore we still use basically the same music as Top 40 which were simply "Music and who shocked the Radio industry one week- rotation schemes that were invented in News" type stations. One of them was a end by playing Top 40 hits of the past five the mid '50s at the Storz stations. very successful station in New York, years instead of regular Top 40. The rat - Kent Burkhart is chairman of the board of Burkhart WNEW -AM. They depended heavily ings were huge. That was the beginning of Douglas and Associates. He may be reached at on personality and the jazz of the mo- Oldies on Top 40. 404- 255 -1055

1995 /RADIO'S 75TH ANNIVERSARY 99 www.americanradiohistory.com N( Army veteran from KMBY Monterey in R Dip5 the afternoon. He was so good he was moved to mornings within months. His name was Robert W. Morgan. Drake had Gary Mack and Les Turpin with him, along with the late K.O. Bayley and others. And Gene The Birili 01 The Chenault's checkbook. KMAK started a contest with a $1500 cash jackpot. Before I parked in my garage - KYNO was on the air with a $2000 prize. KMAK hid a "Golden Key" "Boss" worth $2500 - KYNO scattered dupli- cate keys all over town. We tailed Drake in unmarked cars with radiotelephones, by Ron Jacobs trying to catch him doing funny stuff at motels at 3 a.m. (Never did). KMAK launched a Bowl -A -Thon with 5- foot -6- inch Tom Maule, KYNO responded with It couldn't have happened if Glen setting up K/MEN in San Bernardino in their own, featuring the ominous 6 -foot- Campbell's manager's wife's father March, 1962, I left it in the hands of PD 3 -inch Bayley. (KMAK won that round didn't own a cabin at Lake Arrowhead Bill Watson, and headed for the with some schemes that would make in the early '60s. Eventually, those cir- "Agribusiness Capital of the World." 'Tricky Dick" Nixon blush.) cumstances brought Bill Drake to Los Frank Terry and I towed a U -Haul, full of 'The Battle of Fresno." It lasted two Angeles as program consultant to RKO mostly jazz LPs, through the Tehachapi years. And, of course, there were no Mountains to a small, brick building on "Programming Guidelines" on how to McKinley Avenue in Fresno. handle the assassination of a president. Our target was KYNO and we threw Generally bummed, and with no com-

everything at them. Terry's Drum -A- pany support, I threw in the towel and Thon was the biggest thing in San Joaquin headed home for Honolulu in early 1964.

Valley Radio history. KYNO relied on I wasted a year in Hong Kong work- money giveaways. We did our thing, ing on a "pirate" station which never "Circus Radio," which had made K -POI signed on. This was followed by a month Honolulu and K/MEN "San Berdoo" No. in the Halawa Jail for possession of 1. three milligrams (3 /1000th of a gram) of Gene Chenault did not take this "marihuana." lying down. After a few short -term PDs, Twenty -four hours out of the cooler, Chenault brought in a tall, soft -spoken back in L.A. in early 1965, Morgan told southerner working in Stockton. He was me that the Drake -Chenault consultancy, previously at KYA San Francisco, until a formed after KYNO's victory, had taken

new, diminutive owner arrived who KGB to No. 1 in San Diego, a Top 40 couldn't handle looking up at 6- foot -5- merry-go -round city. And soon they inch Bill Drake. would take on KHJ Los Angeles, going We fired our guns, and KYNO kept for all the marbles. Morgan had signed a comin', now with Drake in command. on as morning man, since polishing his Bill Drake and Betty Breneman KMAK began with me in the morning act in Sacramento and San Francisco. General's floundering KHJ Radio. And drive (my only airshift in 10 years in He touted a Hollywood native, who yours truly as program director. California), Frank Terry middays and an called himself The Real Don Steele, to Historically, the place to start would Drake, who hired him for be 'The Battle of Fresno" which began in afternoon drive.

1962. The town's No. 1 station, pulling Morgan was at his 60 percent shares in the C. E. Hooper manic best, screaming at me ratings, was KYNO, operated by Gene to "Call Drake! Call Drake! Chenault. It was the only Top 40 station You gotta be the PD! God - in the market. (In those days "CHR" damnit, call Drake!" Now meant "Career Home Runs. ") understand, 30 days in I was programming VP of a two - Halawa Jail wasn't exactly station group which had bought KMAK a Super Bowl corporate (pronounced KMAKe) in Fresno. After KYNO building in 1963. nu 0.

1995 /RADIO'S 75TH ANNIVERSARY www.americanradiohistory.com RADIO'S 75TH

soo the K/MEN jock turned out to be a flake, Willet Brown decided to find out why bash. Low Esteem City. Besides, Drake Chenault was calling. and I had never even met. We eyeballed They met. And Gene Chenault got each other once at the 1962 Fresno his best buddy Roger Adams, Glen what he wanted, a client: KGB Radio. County Fair, KMAK displayed "Sunny Campbell's longtime manager, went ski- Drake, along with Turpin, Maule and Jim" Price living in, and broadcasting ing at Lake Arrowhead, above San Ber- others, had the Browns on top in San from, a car hanging 85 feet over the fair nardino. Roger's father -in -law had a Diego in 90 days, squashing KCBQ and grounds. KYNO offered a primitive cabin there. KDEO. Bill Drake was riding in a long, Darth Vader -look -alike called "The Mike, always scanning his car Ra- black Cadillac Fleetwood sedan. Money Monster" handing out cash. dio, became fascinated with K/MEN. So, Thomas F. O'Neil owned RKO Gen- (Advanced students will spot the gen- when the Browns wanted to make a eral Inc. Los Angeles Radio was an em- esis of "The Big Kahuna" here.) change at KGB, Mike mentioned the barrassment within the company's broad- "Call Drake!" kept ringing in my zany "Inland Empire" station to his fa- cast division. WOR was a New York ears. I was broke, staying with my first ther, who asked him to check it out. giant. WHBQ Memphis, played Elvis wife and a Kowloon alley cat out in San Mike Brown called the K/MEN of- Presley's first record and was an estab- Bernardino with Bill Watson and his wife, fice to contact whoever programmed lished winner. The other stations were

Jodie, an angel. I called Drake. He didn't the station. Sheila Brown, the secretary, holding their own. hang up. was out to lunch. So was Bill Watson, In 1965, O'Neil conferred with his

Within 24 hours, I met Drake and the PD. The VP of Programming, yours confidante and associate, Willet Brown. Chenault for lunch at a La Cienega Bou- truly, was in Fresno, fighting a ratings He quickly learned of the KGB success levard restaurant. Our battle in mud and fog. story and asked if Brown thought meeting ended and they So the K/MEN midday Drake -Chenault could tackle the told me to call Drakes jock grabbed the ring- Bigtime, L.A., with their rock 'n' roll pad at 7 p.m. I couldn't ing phone, in this block- format. Yes, said the savvy 60 -year- handle the suspense. I house in a San Berdoo old. And the rest is history. phoned Morgan. 'This cow pasture, and Just one other episode. When Mor- was your big idea, now blithely told Michael J. gan and I were riding in the rain, my fate what do we do ?" Mor- Brown that he, the jock, hanging in the balance, Drake, Chenault gan came down from his was the programming and DeVaney were hung up on just one Laurel Canyon cottage, mastermind! point. They were convinced Jacobs picked me up in his The deejay, who shall could do the job, but what about this rumpled VW bug and remain nameless (and "narcotics thing. " The man's a convicted we drove around L.A. in who used the same first felon, just out of the Hawaiian slammer the rain, for hours, lis- and last name, with an - Reefer Madness! tening to KFWB and in was at Robert W. Morgan initial between), Drake looked Chenault, Chenault KRLA. I repeated, 'They invited to lunch with the at DeVaney (a lawyer), and DeVaney won't." Morgan replied, 'They will." Browns at the defunct Luau in Beverly said, "Call O'Neil." Chenault telephoned Robert W. dropped me at the tall Hills. It took them about the length of a headquarters. O'Neil said, "Let me think Sunset Boulevard apartment building. Shirelles record to realize this as a scam. about it" Inside I was greeted by Ken DeVaney, And they were back where they started: Thomas F. O'Neil picked up his who I once met when he was a VP in the KGB seeks PD. phone and called Beverly Hills. hot Crowell -Collier chain. He smiled Everyone in the business knew of Hillcrest Motors had a separate build- big - and signaled thumbs up. Drake, Willet Brown. He co- founded ing, fronting Wilshire Boule- Chenault and Turpin were there, along the Mutual Broadcasting Sys- vard, called "The White with DeVaney, drinking "Winky Poos." tem; hung out with Howard House." It was Willet H. Chenault announced I was the new Pl) Hughes; owned Hillcrest Mo- Brown's working office. (He of KHJ. We celebrated at the erstwhile tors, your Beverly Hills neigh- also had the largest office in Cock & Bull restaurant. Chenault toasted borhood Cadillac dealership; the KHJ building, the one Bill Drake and Ron Jacobs as "The two sailed a 93 -foot yacht; kept his with the shower, but he never best damn Radio programmers in own Greyhound bus on standby came around.)

America." I was employed. Hooray and possessed the world's larg- The two tycoons shot the for Hollywood! est collection of antique mo- breeze, or whatever tycoons Almost IO years later, Michael J. torized popcorn machines. shoot, and finally, Ke n O'Neil Brown of Brown Broadcasting (KGB, Gene Chenault, who be- asked DeVa ney Brown about, "This KXOA, etc.) told me: The Rest of the gan as a Radio actor, had been Jacobs kid. The marijuana Story. His dad, broadcast pioneer Wil- trying to reach the senior business." Willet H. Brown let H. Brown, had bought KGB in 1961. Brown about a new consultancy spawned said, "The guy can program your Radio It was going nowhere. Mike Brown and by KYNO's success. Meanwhile, while 102

1995 /RADIO'S 75TH ANNIVERSARY www.americanradiohistory.com Niloi RADIO'S 75TH

101 typically, could sing a note, were talk-

ing in rhythm to the song's beat. I had station, that's all that really matters. I written some truly immortal "lyrics ": say give 'em a shot." (Singers) "It's the new KHJ. You don't know Understand, I never knew many of the driveway entrance, across from a what we've got. While Los Angeles goes, now, it these facts guard shack, sulked a lone banana plant. goes all the way, And we know that you'll go for until 10 years It would be hyperbole to call it a tree. the new KHJ. It's the sound of success, Boss later, when Behind the building was the parking Radio, in L.A. - KHI. It's the new KHI, and Mike Brown lot - an aisle of about 20 spaces. I still here's what we got: told me about couldn't believe one of them had my (Spoken) "I'm Robert W. skiing in Ar- name freshly painted on it. But it did, Morgan and I'll be startin' rowhead - because I was the new 27- year -old pro- your day, six 'til nine every the fake PD gram director of KHJ Radio. mornin' on the new KHI." shtick - the The fortress -like structure was sur- "My name is Roger Chris- phone call to rounded by the Paramount and Desilu tian, you've an invitation to Ron Jacobs (l) and his dad. Had Film studios, and a restaurant called join me nine 'til noon for Clancy Imislund any of that not Nickodell's, which had red Naugahyde some rockin' relaxation."

happened, I booths and smelled like Lysol and "And every day at noon, would have never walked into KHJ in scotch. Columbia Pictures and the CBS you'll hear me, Gary Mack. April of 1965, to join Betty Breneman, Radio affiliate were around the corner Remember that name: Mack, Clancy Imislund (the originator of the on Gower Street. Mack, Mack." "In the af- phrase "Boss Radio "), Eddie DelaPena, A new crew, hired by RKO General ternoon, babyacceptnosub- Dave Diamond Bill Mouzis, Art Kevin and others who Broadcasting, was counting down to the stitution get The Real Don were already there and believed in us: debut of KHJ's new "Boss Radio" Top 40 Steele and wipe out air pollution." "When the The cocky newcomers who told anyone format. In those days, FM had the status workin' day is done and you point your car who would listen, "We're gonna be #1!" of a manual washing machine. We just towards home, just dial Dave Diamond and Five months later, we were. ignored it although we simulcasted full you'll never be alone." "Front Hollywood A -Go- time. The TV and office Go 'til twelve o'clock at night, Sam The New KHJ's First Day employees looked down Riddle is the man to make your day The date was May 3, 1965. The their noses at us. We were end right." "If you listen late at place was 5515 Melrose Avenue, long just the latest in the KHJ night, 'til the mornin'shadows creep before it became a trendy Los Angeles Radio Format- Of -The- a guy named Johnny Williams boulevard. Back then it was grubby and Month Club. They took might be talkie' in your sleep." nondescript. Across the street was Lucÿ s bets on whether I'd last long (Singers) It's the new KHJ. Now El Adobe. A few years later the restaurant enough for the paint to dry you know what we got." (fades) would become unofficial "Robert on my parking slot. The While the jocks did Kennedy for President" headquarters. video boys swaggered endless takes of their simple In a drab, three -story building, re- about, purveyors of the rhymes, Morgan was tuning sembling a plumbing supply house, were highly profitable Channel Roger Ch ristian around his portable Radio, an AM, FM and TV station, all called 9 "Million Dollar Movie." It monitoring KFWB /Channel KHJ. (In 1922, the original owner chris- was obvious there'd be little support from 98, once the heavy -weight champ of tened the AM station "KHJ" that stood our fellow RKO broadcasters. We would Los Angeles ratings when programmed for "Kindness, Happiness and Joy. ") At rely on our own small Boss group, and our by Chuck Blore. Robert W. thought he collective desire to do or die. was hearing things. Things he shouldn't On this particular Monday, by have been. Like KFWB using material noon, total hysteria swept we planned to debut the next Monday. through the Radio section of the Liners, such as "Boss Radio ... KFWB." KHJ building. The day began (In those prehistoric times, we called with a promo jingle recording such phrases "liners," short for "one - session at a small studio a few liners." Psycho -babble such as "posi- blocks away, down Melrose Av- tioning statements" hadn't come along enue. Roger Christian, formerly yet to fill the present creative void.) of KFWB, was the co- writer of KFWB blasted slogans such as the Beach Boy's hit, "Little Deuce "KFWB 20/20 News" and "The Boss Jocks Coupe." I'd asked Roger if he and are coming to KFWB!" Morgan was apo- Brian Wilson would let us use the plectic. He literally ran down Melrose track to overdub our new "Boss Avenue to the KHJ building, through lineup. agreed, the lobby and into my office, KFWB KHJ building in the '6os. Jock" deejay They so all the deejays, none of whom, 103

D WI p 1995 /RADIO'S 75TH ANNIVERSARY www.americanradiohistory.com RADIO'S 75TH 44 102 self in my office, urging the traffic people to have a Boss program log ready in time,

blaring from his Radio. First, I refused to while nervously devouring Nickodells' believe what I heard, chalking it up to a hamburgers; and DeVaney returned to

nightmare or acid. Then, I had to believe other guy. But for some reason, when I the executive area and played free safety it and suppress the overwhelming urge was hired he thought he'd be fired on with 101 details to cover. to puke. Next, I realized how it had the spot. Actually, the news department By then the jocks were back from happened, but filed that away '01 later. was the last thing on my mind, there their session. Steele was in the produc-

I buzzed General Manager Ken being so much to do. Anyway, this news- tion room rehearsing. That was part of DeVaney up on the third floor. "You're man, who'll remain unidentified, ran to our countdown drill, two weeks of prac- not going to believe this, but'WB is on KFWB and offered to divulge KHJ's tice before going live. Steele had just the air using all our new stuff." Silence. game plan if they'd hire him. He did, done one of his patented manic intros to "Ken, it's happening. Morgans in here and they did, and that's why Drake, the Supremes' "Stop In The Name Of with it on his Radio." DeVaney said, DeVaney and I were huddled in my Love" when I walked in. "Don, uh, you

1965 Boss Jocks above Sunset Strip across from Schwab's Drugstore (now a Virgin Megastore). These were the original 93KHJ Jocks except Terry replaced Roger Christian and Mitchell replaced Dave Diamond.

"Call Drake, III be right down.' I phoned cubicle of an office frowning, searing know 'WB's on with all our stuff." "Yeah," Bill Drake on his ultra -hotline and re- and more pissed than the Coliseum john he said, "Morgan told me." "Well, ah, we peated the incredible situation. "I'm com- at half -time! - Bill, Ken and I - decided we gotta go ing right in," said America's future No. I After discussing all the options, a little earlier, or they'll cop our whole Radio programming consultant. easier when the general manager is a trip. And you're the guy to kick off the Then, with "KFWB Boss Radio" in lawyer, as was DeVaney, Drake pro- real Boss Radio." "When?" asked Steele,

the background, I told Morgan and claimed, "We'll start today with a 'Sneak casually. "Oh, your regular shift, in about

DeVaney why I thought it happened. Preview' of the new format, Today." three hours." He casually said "OK, let's When starting at the station several weeks DeVaney asked me if we could do it, do it!" Then he cranked up his monitor

before, I discovered two newsmen there and when. "3 o'clock," I said, faking the until Diana Ross nearly blew out the

who I knew from Honolulu. (In those confidence of Eisenhower on D -Day. studio windows.

days KHJ had a large news department. "Boss Radio 93 /KHJ debuts with The I tried to sort out priorities. The Like, we had five mobile units.) One of Real Don Steele Show at 3 p.m." It was main thing was to get Steele rolling,

the two reporters was Andy West. He about 11:15 a.m. that would buy three hours. I realized I was "Jumpin' George" West on K -POI in We had 3 hours and 45 minutes to had forgotten something- music, that Honolulu in 1959 until he was fired for do 7 days' work. We divided up respon- was it - music! I met Drake in the threatening me with a gun. sibilities: I stayed on the first floor, where second floor conference room. We I'd never actually worked with the the studios were; Drake stationed him- 104

1995 /RADIO'S 75TH ANNIVERSARY N(103 www.americanradiohistory.com RADIO'S 75TH 103 (It always blew my mind that from out-

side the place resembled a large munici- knew we'd be playing a "Boss 30," but pal building, but inside it was tighter which 30? We hadn't started any music than a submarine. The entire, original research. "We'll play what KRLA's play- through a maze of studios and offices. "History of Rock 'n' Roll" was produced ing," said Drake. The Pasadena station We were separated by 18 -inch thick in this same hallway.)

was still the No. I rocker, virtually reinforced concrete walls. I charged up to Mouzis frantically by default. Bill Mouzis, thick, black hair, glossy advising that we needed all our jingles

I bounced down to the music li- as Greek olives, was on the AM engi- dubbed in less than three hours. We had brary on the ground floor, and Betty neering staff; there were more than 20 worked hours just getting the sound Breneman, our music director. "Can you men on the technical crew, all members equalization perfected. Mouzis smiled run over to Wallich's Music City and of the IBEW Union. It was instant rap- and nodded, "Follow me." He unlocked pick up a KRLA song list and the port with Mouzis and me the first time his special cabinet, which he guarded records ?" "Sure," she answered, quizzi- we met. He wasn't skeptical or cynical. like Fort Knox. There, neatly stacked, cally. "We're going to start with a 30 And he was tired of doing breakfast were all jingles on 40- second tape carts, title current rotation based on what remotes from Steve Allen's house, timed and labeled. "Just tell me what KRLA's doing, that's the way Bill wants "riding the board" for Michael Jackson else goes on the labels," he said. 'Thanks, to go." "Uh, huh," she nodded slowly. or Geoff Edwards, dubbing news carts, Billy, I'll let you know." It was becoming "Oh yeah, what about Oldies ?" I asked, etc. It was obvious to me that Mouzis obvious whey they called 'em "pros" remembering that we'd be playing some could cook. In production, he became in Hollywood. in this format. "No problem," Betty said, our master chef. Upstairs, Ken DeVaney burned up phone lines with lawyers in New York and Beverly Hills, discussing restrain- ing orders and lawsuits against KFWB. Bill Drake was designing logs with the precise stop sets and commercial limits we had planned in long sessions at Nickodells. For the record, we allowed for a maximum of 13 minutes, 40 seconds of commercial time per hour, maximum. No break would exceed 70 seconds. There were specific stop times, e.g. :03, :07, :11, :15, etc. Remember, in 1965 the average record length was 2 minutes, 20 seconds. Drake would voice the new station IDs, so we marched down to Bill Mouzis' hallway. After bat-

ting copy ideas around, I L -r: KHJ's Bill Mouzis, Ron Jacobs and The "Big Kahuna" at Dodger Stadium in 1965. scribbled on a piece of paper, "(Tymp roll, fades to "we have all the old stuff on the 'Caval- At our original Johnny Mann jingle Drake:) Ladies and gentlemen, you're cade of Hits. ' The pregnant lady sessions, Mouzis was right there with listening to the much more music sta- climbed into Drake's chauffeur -driven Drake and me, keeping an ear on things. tion ..." At that point the Johnny Mann Cadillac and headed for Sunset and Vine. Within weeks he was assigned to pro- singers, in one of the more memorable The "93 /KHJ Boss Golden" jingle duction full -time. The engineering on jingle melodies ever written, sang "KHJ popped into my brain. Jesus, we need virtually every Boss Radio was done by - Los Angeles." Anyone who's ever jingles. It was high noon. Bill Mouzis. I wrote 'em, Morgan read heard that jingle more than once can Since the Melrose building had 'em and Mouzis mixed 'em. still sing it to this day.

been laid out by some crazed cement The KHJ "Production Room" was an Approaching 1 p.m., it was coming freak, to get to Bill Mouzis, a few feet announce booth, with the board and together. Mimeographed playlists would

away, I had to trot about 75 yards other equipment in an adjacent hallway. 105

RADIO INI() 40 1995/RADn'.S 7STH ANNIVFRCARV www.americanradiohistory.com RADIOS 75TH 104

be ready. Songs played were to be checked off with a low -tech grease pen- cil. Betty Breneman had all the Oldies gramming and on -hand, she just had to "borrow" the the new KHI. current chart numbers from KRLA. The "Caval- Mouzis only had 10 or so IDs to dub cade' continu- to cart. ously segued On April 27, we ended the "war" Oldies. Thus, between the jocks and engineers over the incoming cues. (This was a major battle: Boss Jocks could AFTRA= buzzer vs. IBEW =hand sig- spend their time nal. KHI would be using hand cues.) practicing the new All the board operators had put in prac- format. The "Cav- tice time with the jocks. Robert W. alcade" was now in Morgan was doing everything but its last hour. sleeping with his engineer, Walt Betty, back "Failsafe" Radke. An engineer could from Wallich's Mu- make a DJ sound very good, or posi- sic City, cranked out tively atrocious. playlists. Not one News Director Art Kevin wasswitch- "Hitbound" future title ing format sheets to the KHJ "20/20" on the sheet. At that at the Concert news configuration. (This was the handle moment, KFWB was & Cher. first "Appreciation for newscasts 20 minutes before and after "Boss Radio" and KHJ la .1965 Witt' Sonny the hour. It, among other things, created was readying to use Hollywood a 40- minute music sweep when commer- KRLA's playlist. Drake cials were few. And it let us rock out said, one way or another, there'd be a made, and the jocks faced that. Cards, 5

when KRLA and KFWB were tradition- program log by 3 p.m. I wondered when inches by 7 inches, were plastered all ally broadcasting the next stretcher would be hauled down over that. The news announce booth their news.) from upstairs. was off to the right, about the size of a Not every- As a Radio programmer, when the modest aquarium, and the engineer was one was as calm curtain goes up, things are out of your 90 degrees to port. Unless he was down as Mouzis and hands, and there's nothing to do but in the john.

Kevin. Clancy pace and listen. Should I cruise around I stood behind crew -cut Ken Or- Imislund, KHJ in my Caddy convertible, go home chard, the board operator on duty. Or- promotion direc- and stare at the Radio, lurk in the chard recalls, "There was a natural high tor, the man who office, what? you could feel throughout the building. coined the 2:59 p.m. f bad to see Ibis. Steele sat in Everyone was charged up." The final Art Kevin phrase, "Boss Ra- the drab announce booth, smoking, his "Cavalcade of Hits" song was fading. dio," was pulling monitor turned up above normal human 3:00 p.m. "Boom... Ladies and gentle- his wispy hair. Our campaign, to blan- range. The announce booth consisted men, presenting The Real Don Steele ket Los Angeles streets with day -glo of a funky mike, VU meter, earphone Show ... with a Sneak Preview of the all - "93 /KHJ Boss Radio" billboards, was jack plug and one switch. Period. I'd had new Boss Radio, on ... KHJ Los Angeles." scheduled to start May O. The same a Plexiglass bulletin board -type thing The intro to "Dancing In The Streets" by with bus bench ads. Clancy Martha and the Vandellas hit - thrashed about, cursing KFWB, Steele jumped in, "It's 3 o'clock in trying to get things moved up. Los Angeles!" Dam vocal! At approximately 2 p.m. an Heading upstairs, I noticed ambulance arrived and carried both switchboard operators field-

out a lady on a stretcher. She ing batches of calls. I looked came from the traffic depart- around for Drake and DeVaney,

ment. To this day I don't know and thought, "You ain't heard who she was or what happened nothin' yet - Boss Angeles!" Ir to her. With an hour to go, things Ron Jacobs is executive producer of The were getting quite exciting. World Chart Show for Radio Express. "The Cavalcade of Hits" was Photos used with pennission from the 93/ KHJ a transitional feature we ran to Two more 1965 staffers - KHJ Boss Radio Silver Anniversary bridge the old MOR/Talk pro- Scotty Brink (l) and Tommy Vance. Souvenir Scrapbook.

7005 /RAflin'C 75T1-1 ANNIVERSARY www.americanradiohistory.com NP105 L.1 .r LE-U'-= CUL---:'rUr- U1'"JU11 The Most Important Book Ever Written About Radio.

OF A GHPON.GLE YEFPS THE 75 OF GOHMEP-G,AL IH THE RADIO STATES UNITED THE TFZYNOLOGY- PFOPS ANE 'PROGNADMING NAT HAS NP IMATE PAgT n`ci AN H. SIGNED pUINOR DAY IJF SERIES Or EJF31Y N O OF CERTIFICATE pUTHENTIC11.

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1N. "Good Mor.ing Vietnam" was n-ade famo Is by A2C Adrian J.'ey Reynolds (center) has made a career of guesting C-onauer. Fr or to his tour in ..it en some of Ame-íca's great stations. He was one of the Vietnam, he was already a early "bad boys" of Radio before Howard 5:ern. L -r: Chris popular DJ at Iraklion, AB, Britis i pirate Radio veteran Tony Doyle, Jane Dornacker, Tim Witaker, Bill Sheff, Jay Sorenson C-ete. He was last reported Blackburn, shown on Radio Caroline and Doug p-acticing troadcast law in SoutF (1964). He was also heard on O'Brien in Washingtor, D.C. Radio London in the '8os. 1986.

Detroit legend J. P. McCarthy The team of Chuck Blore (I) and Don on WJR. Richman produced some of America's WHTX -FM Pittsburgh personalties Larry O'Erien (I) and John great commercials. Garry (r) along with William Miler.

Three generations of Gamblings on WOR -AM New York: -he Y1oo (WHYI -FM Miami) morning team: (l -r) Captain Y, Scnny Fox, Ron (l -r) John A., John R. and John B. H =rsey and Athlete's Foot.

RADIO INK' 08 1005/RGhIrYC 75TI-1 dNIIJIVFDCARV www.americanradiohistory.com RADIO'S 75TH

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WMMR -FM Philadelphia's morning rnie "Woo -Woo" Ginsburg. man John DeBella.

Christmas, 1978 at 940 with (l -r) Jeff McCartney, Santa, Russ Davis, Jim Morrison and Don Benson.

KITS -FM Los Angeles Chuck Leonard "Sneakin morning man Rick Dees. it to ya" on the ABC Radio Network.

25th anniversary party commemoraring to the the door of WKBW -AM day Joey Reynolds Buffalo Gt1 (far left) nailed pictured (starting Jim Arcara with his shoes second from 2 note that said, Wander, left; former ' 'Fill these." Casey Kasem at , Rod Roddy, KB staffers Also Y. Tom Shovan, and friends Zack Darny Neaverth, Jay Nelson, Art KRLA in 1964. (1r, Ro Tom Siannon, Don Burns ee Logan - WMYQ -FM and John Host of "Amerca's Top 1 1974. 40" which WMMR -FM began in 1970. Philadelphia's Charlie Kendall (second from right), the then popular female group, the Go- Go's, and the Bob Costas WMMR morning at KMOX St. staff in 1983. Louis.

RADIO 1995 /RADIO'S 75TH ANNIVERSARY INK 09 www.americanradiohistory.com ILS.0t1HTV SUHIP-D00

Herb Oscar Ander- son called himself "The Morning Mayor of New York" on WABC.

Mark Fowler (I) pays homage to FCC Commissioner James Quellc (r).

L. Five years after Adrian Cronauer, Les Howard broadcast to the t-oops in Vietnam. He later became PD of WFLZ Tampa.

4 Fifty -year WTIC -AM Hartford veteran Bob Steele being taped by WKQX -FM Chicago morning A-t Vuolo for Vuolo's Radio Legends video. man Robert Murphy.

CBS newsman Dallas Townsend.

Ed Salamon when he was Bobby Rich at WOHO -FM Toledo, WHN PD New York in 1975. circa 1967.

RADIO NBC's weekend magazine format show, "Monitor." INK 11 c 1995 /RADIO'S 75TH ANNIVERSARY www.americanradiohistory.com RADIO'S 75TH

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Ralph Emery at ABC VP of programming Rick Sklar in 1947 at a WSM Nashville in nigh school Radio workshop. 1957 where he got his start. Country music's best known The

DJ later joined the Movie. Nashville Network. Radio veterans Burt Sherwood (l) and Bill Hennes (r) with Mel Brooks at WMAQ/WKQX Chicago.

-loo Morning 00 (KFMB -FM President Bi.l Clinton on his weekly broad- an Diego) in cast to the nation. 986 (l -r): Frank nthony, Scott enyon, Bobby ich, Pat Gaffey.

Emperor Hudson KQV Pittsburgh, 1964. WBZ Boston's staff. Back (l -r) Carl deSuze, Ron Landry, Jay Dunn, Dave Maynard. Front cl-r) Dick Summer, Bob Kennedy, Bruce Bradley. RADIO 1995 /RADIO'S 75TH ANNIVERSARY INK www.americanradiohistory.com RACIO'S 75TH !

0 .. .' .ti'Ititi :'Ill'i: Itttr.: . : : ,:::' :Illy : .'- ;: :' :'. I . : Original WJBk IIII IIEII IIEI unit Detroit "Jack -he Bellboy" Ed McKenzie moved to 'NXYZ Detroit (shown with Ray Anthony). Jac-es replacement at WJ3K was Ton Clay. In 1959 Ed left WXYZ to avoid playing "Rock and RolL"

Wolfman Jack (Bob Smith) and Don Imus r) at NBC.

WLS Chicago's Kris Steers presenting the (l -r) Di:k Clar <, Robert W. Morgan, and "Hot Line" phone to John Roo< (wi-h glasses) N3C VP Bob Wogan. at a going away party in 1971. Also shown is Chuck Buell (1).

San Diego ve:eran "Shotgun Tom" Kelly pesents President Ronald Reagan with Tom Adams (Electric Weenie) receiving an h s trademark: hat at the White House award from Gary Owens ;l). it 1987. Dick Orkin as "Chickenman," a nationally syndicated comedy program. . - .

Bill Tanner and Jim Rehiele - Yioo (W-IYI), \\, 1974 Steve Dahl & Garry Meier cf The Loop AM loon. Mike McVay, orogam director at WCHS Charles:on, West {O Virginia, 1977. INK 12 1995 /RADIO'S 75TH ANNIVERSARY www.americanradiohistory.com RADIO'S 75TH --"r P1MNALITV SC IMPANNWWW111111WWI'I'MAIVIIVII

Edward R. Murrow at WBT Charlotte in 1959 interviewing Harry Golden (r).

WBT Radio Charlotte, North Carolina, staff band, 1928.

Jerry (Bill) Bishop at downtown KCBQ San Diego studios in 1963. Jerry is now a voice -over talent heard on the Disney Channel.

SAGA Presi- dent /CEO Ed Christian at 16 E. Alvin Davis, 1974. Robert W. Morgan (second from left) of KMPC Los Angeles on on WHAK remote at Disneyland. Rogers City, Michigan.

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The original "Incredible Magic Christian" (Chuck Christensen) once spent 11 1/2 days setting a record for staying awake while at KMEN San Bernardino. (Shown here at 1975 KCBQ staff l -r: Rick Brother Robin, Bill Moffitt, The Magic Christian, Dave Conley, Garry KDWC West Kelley (behind car), Dick Young (in car), Gene Knight and "Shotgun Tom" Kelly. Covina, California, at age 17.)

1995 /RADIO'S 75TH ANNIVERSARY M113 www.americanradiohistory.com RADIO 75T1

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Walt "Baby" Disney World's spec mist in Radio broad- Love - casting, Tom Daren, 4104 whey he worked WOR-FM, r at WJAC -AM Johnsovvn, Deensylvania. -ut ,_._ 1972.

- r Standing (t -r): lm air sta ff. Sherwood WQAM Miami and Lee Murdock , Dunlap, Charlie and )ohn powers. Rick Shaw (WMJX Kneeing (1.0: Steve Rivers - 96X FM; Miami, 1975.

Staff of WLYV Ft. Wayne, Indiana, 1971. L -r: Larry Bower, Mike Conrad, Chris O'Brian, listener, Jay Walker, Zhuck Richards, Gary Lockwood, Rick Hugnes, listener and Bill Anthony.

Guy Zapoleon (r) and Smoker Robinson at the 1969 R &R convention.

Bob Bruce Euchanan at WTCM Traverse City, Michi- Fuller at gar, in 1968. In addition to local programming, age 17. the corsole beh nd him allowed for separate and individual feeds to four other Paul Bunyon Radio Network Stations.

lacor's Randy WHB air staff with a race car driver it 1969. L -r: Ernesto Gladden, Phil Jay, Johnny Michaels. Dolan, Bot Glasco.

RADIO

INK' 14 - 995 /RAD O'S 75TH ANNIVERSARY www.americanradiohistory.com RADIO'S 75TH

"Cousin Brucie" Morrcw and John Emm - Ytoo (WHYI his former PD, Rick Sklar. Ni3mi), 1973. Early KMOX entertainment and sponsor.

WIBG's Bill Wright aid Hy Lit at 1973 WHN personalities l -r: Lee Arnold, Del De Montreux, a Beatles conference in press Charlie Rich, Dan Daniel and Bruce Bradley, and lona 1964. College's Brother Dargy Ruare (third from right).

Gary York veteran CA New Detroit, 1967. WKNR e "Wooly-burger," and the Stevens P

X -ROK 8o staff in 1974. 150,000 -watt, Kent Burkhart-consulted station in Juarez. Jocks taped shows in El Paso 24 hours in advance and tapes were driven to a Mexican

trarsmitter site. L - T: Magnificent Mark, Steve Seiver, Paul Mayer, Wolfman Jack (in for pro-notion), PD John Long, "Catfish" Rand Crouch, and Jay Walker. *tit 4110.

Shot used for WQAM Miami's t*. Fabulous 56 Music WPEC Pittsfield, Massachusetts, PD Bob Henabery Survey, FebrLary interviews Eddie Fisher in New York in 1953. 19, 1966.

RADIO 1995 /RADIO'S 75TH ANNIVERSARY INK115 www.americanradiohistory.com RADIO'S 75TH

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WIBG news staffer Jerry Don Cox, "Cox on the Radio - Yioo, 1974. WHNIQ5Q Del Colliano in 1968.

One of 90o posters promoting Jack's debut on WHN in 1966.

Adult Contemporary Concept President Tom Watson on Armed Forces Radio, Vietnam in 1969.

Dan Mason (I) and Michael O'Shea reeling in ti Nationally syndicated talent Gary Burbank numbers. as one of h "s popular characters, Dal Buckles.

Charlie Van Dyke at KLIF in 1967.

Talk host Jim Bohannan.

Norm Pattiz at the Westwood One

broadcast of the L -r: Billboard's Claude Hall, and KROQ's Jimmy Rabbit, Sam Riddle, "US" Festival in China Smith and Jim Taber. 1983.

RADIO H 1995 /RADIO'S 75TH ANNIVERSARY www.americanradiohistory.com

L í'%, ol á .a ) ) f " = S0 h IITV i(-11-0 P 0 ni ill!' 1 'C /Ill tr I1uniE-It 1 II1 YIti 1 tiIm{ II II1 tI1 r A11. ., °:' "::"::

:huck Dunaway (r) w`h at Boone at MIT. 3ill Gardner (standing) and Max Floyd at 3ioneer FM Top 4o station, KLZ -FM Derver (1965).

KHJ Boss Jock Sam Riddle in 1966 during the "Black Box" contest. r.

L -r: Jonathon Brandmeier (WLUP -FM), Chris Farley ("Satur- day Night Cive ") and Danny Bonaduce (WLLP -FM) in 1993.

Jack Rattigan interviews Spike Jones on Holy YOU... from the KIN Disc Jockeys Cross' college station, WCHC in 1949.

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1974 KJR staff. "Kevin O'Brien is Kevin Metheny. 1973 kickoff party for Coun-ryr format on WHN. L -r: PD Ruth Meyer, assistant PD Bob Russo, VP /GM Chick Renwick, and singer Merle Haggard.

1995/RAD'O'S 75TH ANNIVERSAR" www.americanradiohistory.com Metro Networks:

arconi himself would be astonished at the wealth of infor- Metro Networks is now established in over 60 cities throughout North

mation and entertainment that his invention brings to our America and Europe. A multi -based media company involved in short- ears on a daily basis, whether we are in our car, at home, at form and long -form programming, travel, communication and traffic 0the beach - wherever. And for nearly two decades Metro Networks has management systems for local, state and federal government agencies, contributed to this institution. Metro Networks is also a parent company to Metro Traffic Control, David Saperstein, founder and president of this multi- Metro Networks News and Sports, Road Watch America, national entity, is proud of what his company has RWA Direct, 1 -800 Drivers, Metro WeatherBank and achieved. "Armed with state -of- the -art tech- a host of other enterprises. nology, an experienced, talented work- Chuck Bortnick, Executive Vice President - force and the largest fleet of aircraft in Marketing and Operations, explains fur- the broadcasting industry, we are able ther, "we've earned the trust of our vari- to provide a high caliber of traffic, ous audiences. Affiliates count on us to news and information coverage. keep their listeners tuned, and our When we say we set the standard for sponsors appreciate the fact that their the industry, it's not a boast - it's message is showcased to a captive a commitment." audience during peak drive times."

On the Road to Success Growth Out of Gridlock The brainchild of Baltimore business- Between 1960 and 1980, the number of man David Saperstein, Metro Traffic working commuters nearly doubled from Control was founded in Baltimore in 1978. 43 million to 83 million.* And the swelling Nearly two decades later, Metro Traffic Control treni continues in the 90s. has become the premier traffic- reporting service in "The audience has grown and, accordingly, we've the United States, and the largest in the world. Metro Traffic grown," explains Bill Yeager, Vice President News / Sports / Reports have become a household concept, as commuters in North Weather. "We are now the largest supplier of customized local and America and Europe tune in to their favorite radio and television sta- regional traffic, news, weather and information in the world, feeding tions to get the information that will help them navigate around traffic information reports to over 1,000 radio and television stations." jams. *Source: United States General Accounting Office, Traffic Congestion: Trends Measures and Effects (Washington, D.C.: November 1989), p. 26 More Than Just a Traffic Source Lending insight into the Metro philosophy, Chuck Coleman, Senior Vice Traffic Reports: `Important" Information

President of Finance stated, "a reactive policy of complete customer sat- A study conducted in 1994 by The Research Group found that an over- isfaction has allowed us to expand not solely in terms of size, but later- whelming 85% of radio listeners polled felt traffic reports were "impor- ally into several new products and services. With entrepreneurial spirit tant" needed information. These reports wee not perceived by the listener to be and an intense work ethic we founded Metro Networks, a company that an internrption on a music intensive station but in fact, important to their person- could support and develop these new endeavors." al activity.

www.americanradiohistory.com Saperstein is at the ready. "We've set out to respond to this growing Metro also works closely with local, state, and federal agencies and authori- demand for accurate, useful and timely reports. " ties, coordinating emergency relief and evacuation efforts in time of need.

Expert Reputation In Demand On the Interstate, and on the Information Metro has served as official provider of traffic and mobility Superhighway information for numerous prestigious events, including: Chuck Bortnick champions Metro's stance on the Virtual Highway. "We

World Cup USA94 Games maintain a sharp focus on today's Information Age and are constantly 1992 Presidential Inaugural exploring avenues towards a more efficient dissemination of informa- World University Games in Buffalo tion. For the latest developments, you can visit us on the World Democratic National Convention Wide Web at http: //www.metronetworks.com. Visitors can Republican National Convention also check out the dozens of links to our affiliates 1984 Summer Olympic Games in and broadcast -related entities." To add your sta- Los Angeles tion to Metro's list, send information via e-mail to kelly_barton @metronetworks.com. Committed to Coverage, Poised for Performance Metro Thanks their Affiliates When disaster strikes, Metro is and Advertisers... on- the -scene covering the "We continue to lead the industry with story. Tony Rizza, Vice unrivaled development, having added eight President / General Manager - additional markets in 1994, " Shane

Great Lakes Region explains the Coppola, Vice President - Corporate

benefits of this ubiquity. "Our Development , stated. "By mid -1995, we inau- affiliates and sponsors expect news gurated six additional markets. But, ultimately, breaking stories, This Just In' cover- we could not have achieved this growth without the age, weather conditions and warnings, support of our affiliates and advertisers." road closures, delays and alternate routes 24

hours a day, 365 days a year. Plus, our sponsors and

affiliates benefit from a public -service perception. "

Metro has been on the scene at: the Oklahoma Federal Building bombing the New York Trade Center bombing METRO NETWORKS' Los Angeles riots

Hurricane Andrew NEWS SPORTS WEATHER TRAFFIC California earthquakes and many other emergency situations 713 -621 -2800

www.americanradiohistory.com RADIO'S 75TH

letters? While jingles had been used for many years in commercials, it wasn't until 1939 that a "Pepsi Hits the Spot" jingle became a concept success. Penned by Ginger Johnson and Eric Siday, it was a melody that apparently lasted longer in the mind of the listener than it took to Dallas Sonn consume the beverage ... and this was all the needed the advertising community to hear. Johnson and Siday went on to produce ID jingles for stations in Pittsburgh and Baltimore that were said to have ... Early Years influenced Gordon McLendon at KLIF in 1954. While jingles had been used on by Bruce Buchanan that station as early as 1947 (KLIF debuted that year), they were a collabora- tive effort by the KLIF staff singers and Bill Meeks, the station's music director. Inci-

When I was just a fledgling air talent "Nine" tape ?) While there are many ele- dentally, concurrent with his position at and sure that I was fully qualified ments that make for great Radio, the the McLendon station, he also was a mu-

to be America's next programming excitement was not lost on me when I sician heard on WFAA and WRR. legend, I looked forward to the privileges took a trip to a Dallas jingle house or that went with the title. Among them, opened a Fed -Ex with brand new jingles PAMS & CRC picking the music and buying a jingle just waiting to jump on the air. (Remem- In 1951 Bill left KLIF and founded package from Dallas. ber how we kept a stash of new carts for PAMS, an ad agency whose letters repre-

I suppose that I briefly thought about just this occasion ?) Comparing notes with sented four areas in which he felt a client why almost all the jingles came from my contemporaries, I find I'm not alone. needed help: production, advertising, there and not New York or California, While doing research for this article merchandising, and sales ... later changed but since the "Big" stations went there, it became evident that proper credit was to service. Soon thereafter, their first

who was I to question their wisdom. going to be difficult. The more people I jingle package was released on acetate, When my turn came for a promotion to spoke with, the more names popped into to KDNT Denton, Texas. These were the first syndicated jingles that featured pre- recorded backgrounds, an economi- cal and flexible way of producing station IDs. This package, however, had no constant station logo (PAMS Series 1). The same year, Juilliard- trained Tom Merriman joined McLendon's Liberty Network as music director. Individually, Bill and Tom continued to develop the jingle from their respective companies based in Dallas with Tom forming Com- mercial Recording Corp. (CRC) in 1955 along with Bill's brother Charlie, Tom Gwin, and Hoyt Hughes.

The WFAA "Early Birds," shown here in 1945, performed live daily from 7 to 8 a.m. The Johnson /Siday woman is Terry Lee on who sang many Dallas jingle packages. The year 1954 was a milestone because the Johnson /Siday WFBR Balti- PD, it was with a WFIL sister station. We the mix. You've heard the stories of mul- more jingles introduced the constant logo already had the PAMS male -heavy tiple witnesses to an event all remember- for call letters. While they were report- WABC jingles (probably series 37) and ing it differently ... that's the case here. edly all custom, in reality, they were Jim Nettleton voicers. Even though they Memories have faded and documents marketed to about 15 stations with cuts

were great, I felt robbed ... deprived of a scattered so my "take" on the Dallas jingle "cherry- picked" from a large package. career -long desire. As years passed, I industry will never be the final word. These are the jingles that McLendon experienced the long and short of it ... First, we had to define "Radio jingle." heard and reportedly pushed Bill, Tom the Hugh Heller 2 minute -plus cuts at Did we mean custom, syndicated, with and the rest of the Dallas writers and KVIL to the "drums and call letters" at logo or melody line? And was it con- arrangers to even greater things. too many stations to list. (Remember the stant? ... Or, simply mini -songs with call 121

RADIO INKi 20 1995 /RADIO'S 75TH ANNIVERSARY www.americanradiohistory.com RADIO'S 75TH

120 PAMS' Dramatic Signatures the #3 )INLE On evolutionary scale CRC in April of 1957 for WFIL and PAMS Futuresonic & Others With CRC and PAt\IS jockey- ing for supremacy, Futuresonic TRIVIA joined them in 1958 led by Jim The pilot station for the 93 KHI Wells, Jack Alexander and Chester jingles was KYNO Fresno. PAMS McKown ... three former PAMS actually recorded "KY -NO #i" employees. Other names you may to the tune of the now famous remember ... logo, but the PAMS association with KFWB ultimately In the late '50s ... caused Bill Drake to turn to the Roy Ross; music Makers; Jingle Johnny Mann Singers. Mill; all in New York. Sande and Green in Los Angeles. 1957 IMN/ Sonovox, the electronic voice Mile High Production, Cecil Heftet/ effect used in the 1941 Disney Rod Kinder in Boise, Idaho. 1959 film "Dumbo," was introduced Pepper Sound Studios, John Pep- by PAMS in Series 18 at the In 1948, "The Circle Five Ranch Hands" played rock- per/Wilson Northcross in Memphis end of 1961 for WIBG and a -billy on KLIF as well as sang the station IDs. Bill (became Pepper/Tanner in 1967). KFWB. It was patented by Gil- Meeks is in light shirt. bert Wright and eventually was The '60s brought ... licensed to AT &T as a voice - Series 6 (1957 WKDA) and 8 (1958 1961 PFO /Ullman, Peter Frank in Dallas. box replacement device. WINS) are points of interest because 1965 Gwinsound, Tom Gwin (an ex- they each were jingles for Top 40 sta- CRC employee) in Dallas. 1966 Spot, The "77 Sunset Strip" TV show tions with many cuts that coupled format Jack Maxon /Lew Gillis/Mary Moore in theme was considered for the components (as opposed to those with Ft. Worth /Dallas. WABC logo. Chosen instead self- contained entertainment value) and Other early '60s jingles came from was the "I'll Take Manhattan" were widely accepted. The birth of the Johnny Mann, Hugh Heller, and Stars theme used in PAMS Series modern jingle came in late 1959 with International, all in Los Angeles. 16, 18, 22, and 23 for the new DAMS Series 14 called Dramatic Signa- logo debut. Royalties of be- tures. This package allowed fora custom Preserving Jingle History tween $5,000 and $16,000 per station logo and was used for the sole As mentioned previously, it was more year were reportedly paid by purpose of connecting programming el- difficult to gather this information than I ABC to Richard Rogers. No ements and establishing image and call had anticipated. We are a very disposable other stations paid for the letters. The demo that included WPEO society and those of us within the industry rights, although the logo was Peoria and WNOE New Orleans had a have mirrored those actions by scattering used by hundreds of stations. recording of one station with two differ- the documentation, written and recorded, ent logos to show the versatility of the around the world, as well as into the The "shotgun" jingle came out package and the ability of each station to landfills. Ken R. Inc. in Toledo, Ohio, of the TM Package Phase II personalize the musical logo. 419 -243 -1000, deserves thanks for their originally created for WCFL. research assistance. These folks have the Buzz Bennett took one cut Why Dallas? ability to record most of the original PAMS from the package and asked The fact that Dallas was the scene jingle packages for your station. that the ending be left off. The for all of this wasn't just because of the Thanks also to Don Worsham (soon rest is history - the shortest great postwar talent and proximity to to publish a book on the history of the package ever, KCBQ, One Cut! North Texas State University with its contemporary Radio ID jingle). He is a fine music department. It was also the director of the Media Preservation Foun- Following the success of two willingness of Bill Harris, the local direc- dation, 818-831-1954, a nonprofit group Peggy Lee albums, producer tor of the American Foundation of Musi- established to ensure that unique ex- Quincy Jones was approached cians, to push for transcription rates - amples of Radio's history are not lost to by John Coyle at CRC to write and not the higher national advertising future broadcasters, historians, and stu- "Big Band Beat" ( #25, 1962). recording rates - to be paid to musi- dents of the industry. The pilot station was WWDC cians. Had this not taken place in 1951, Bruce Buchanan is a programming and promotion and recorded at Fine Studios we'd probably all be headed to New York consultant, specializing in AC and Country turn- New York. - BB or Los Angeles for our next jingles. arounds. He may be reached at 407 -745 -2419.

1995 /RADIO'S 75TH ANNIVERSARY w www.americanradiohistory.com RADIO'S 75TH 0 ó lr ó 00f000OOOOA .' TOP 20 ALBUMS KLIF

17.000, 113MT, TWO III MRS WS SANIC3 Jan TAMS (7hlG TALMO ,-, TT71 ici "l' LMACC140 Palo AlC2 WON nit A Ve Ca TN. LAMM ONUS CIRO TC NOR GMAT NAJDC ALLOW STATION SILVER DOLLAR SURVE ALL DC. UD MUNRO Jo& TORTS Or IRS IA WI can Chicago's Official Radio Record Sury ccono, PARONS S. CLLUDARZA ROT ran LOSS PUIRSILVISA talrO MCI PEW= TAM DECEMBER 22, 1962 PLAT CICCAGO RUNTHIS ZWYCOWYCM OLORATIoTS I. II AWAY LIMA CM Dot cb.Lu CORO TO TOO TOP Z. lIuTAl brnw'bu w LIARS TR ORD SZE MIL TOLIC 40 MC RAMAN SIC CI-URN L ROUES MI a.KN. Slaw - Seville TURD .L011 ARSON PITS L MTMN 10 SIMDu 1.20 LORIN t 1070 CAMO 10 Mt 7000? SLIM L WINO IRE ITALIAN SUR llee 7. TIC NILNT NAS A THOUSAND IIII - uNrp L e !R'S 11011EAT INry talan - Wets t ixt IN IITIK {C7 ALM n - Sew. It NI tnKO lull AAM II. lot SITIOS OF 07 Nun1 norm II. I SAW LINDA TISTMUM a,b II. MISTSPAO C.11ú 1 NIN TIM {aril- 01r THE 8A8 TEAM Ins IS. TEEI NIMM . t,riYn - VA It Mn OWN WWI LONI TIN 0.00 - C.EI It 10111211170 TUN ROO RCLJOY 6-9AM 11. T01000 It SANTA CLAUS IS MATCNIML TOU RI, Stevew -Merci, UMINA DAVE MBROSE 9-MOON MS II. N WA. MUM ANN MR1 C:"5;: IEATHERTON NOON -3 ,:,°= DICK a TIE °AMICST SIMCLI IN TOWN 7201172.3 AND TOMS. Mallac,laa C.I1MM MICHAEL O'SHEA 3-6PM 4 C..,M -O.N a ZIP A OIL 000 DAN T IMIS.0 - wu,A MIKE SELDEN (O.W.M.) 6-9PM 27. MI COACT. NOOK um 1311.1. - RCA a TIM LI INDIANS JIM TAKER 9- MIDNIGHT a SAU RISEN Oaf N EMTAMI km PARR N. LINO :1.4 i.aw a a. a - D.

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CLZZIM LENNIE 1:30 -6AM óó11.1a °Mt DION NEV. UT TO X00007 111117 Dee - il SEFI MIR MERE DID ALL TIE 63I0 TUES GO? r[. w.iNl - únu THE BENCH St'S IOIllII L..q. Mara - low TRY NICKEL D'SIA, 3.6 ADIWOE DE CUM Nlr.l,- Sams 4. 10111101 TINE A.ry maims - C,..c, GENE HOLMES SUNDAY FEATURED ALBUMS - KLIF THE NIG:-1TY 11P0 THE VOICES OF CHRISTNLS - WALTER SCHUMANN -RCA Chuc a Morgan... almost worth JOHN BUTLER - SUNDAY YOUNG OM IIVELY- VIC DAMONE- COLUNOIA de.eloping insomnia for! All night on CHUM Start your day with TOP 40 Mort Crowley st M 6:00 to 9,20 AM.- Monday Oyu Saturday foí ás KOL - WLS DIAL 890.24 HOURS -A -D ARC (10030 only Ml.w, ciis.d .do array. amid.' by UMW, elm Ld ,mw he. MINIM r the ROL Ropa asad fra..adW^ re.. by wen RA. ISO Wady/ na.Id stems S 13.9. Pierce. Lob.. - 0N I,uM DouA. swvMimO *IN M i tee.!.. all h.. ROL'. ... wall ann. r M w

1 Week of April 24, 1958 Leat A. Hear the Best Music, First, on KOL -1300 W.i week. Th. E..dy Bros. 1. All I Hm. T. De to Deem _ -. Th. PI.01.,, .. -- 2 s 2. T.IlASh? Tim. .__.- ..._._.._.._ 3. Witch Rector David Se ill 1 CL 4. Wear My Rip Ana. Tar N.* The M0.arsn.c ._ _ Hoy (Planet Salti __ CC: 01.I.17 1 4 T. MY Mcl.rs Gs NW le 8005v .- _ CC D'Ame.r __..._ Ad And Dotty ToTodd _ e 4 t. Chame. _ OC Ob. Leneser M..._..___.._.._ Den Gibson ..._._._II I. London 10. His Got the Whole W.Hd _.. L.Mrio l Linden 7 11. Billy wawa__..____ -..- ._.._wawa _. X.MY ._____I Robbins I 7 12. stairway el Lave Marty NIsen . LES TL'RPDO BILL WADI. 13. H ila . Wbr T.. íat ...._...Ricky _._I TOM MAUL ,_. .._._._ ._ __ ...... _.___-_...... 2 6 -RAM 9 -12N 2-4 PSI Ti. HFFh.s 4 15. My Mood - ...._... 14. 1(..1. Doll Pony Co 2 L 2 le. Se lep ...... _...__....._....._._...,_Th. F..NI. I 4 Ma ; Wrb 19. FIIF Flea awl e ...... _..._.__-.._.._. '.}nimar Q7 20. A Woa.rt.l Tir Up Th. .... LdllPep ..___._.._.._.._..____.._.._..__TM ChONIH.. I e Q il. CODAIT Fuci. _ 22. Whds Sont N. _..._..__._.._- 7 Ti.. 24. S..wh.an Pb. DuY 0e _ 6ladiis N 4 r _Jehnray M.MI I. 2 36.:ec9rlW '------lobby H.I.s >» Andy Williams +a IFS 4 2T. An Ta. Sl.nn - . . Ú A - .. ...-T _ _.... _ _.._....._.._. TOP 30 Ly0 4/ Darha Th.TH 1r4 T1r __.._.._._ ...... _._Rbis M.7 r c9 survey m 71. Walhifi rho Law R.. __--_--R.Iady SP k. +r 'ad CJ1 3i HIIh Weed Frs... _.-_.----Ho.r IRi.Iwl S. W. _-211 L Tewns.M SO 33. Fer TO. lsn --.._..._._.___Rd Redp. 31. Secretly ..._...... _.._..__.._.._..__..._.-Ji.mi __- 0 A.,lAyala.. 35. Te. Exc. M. ...-.-.-----Fr.^kl. _7= 1 The _ Y 36. T. .II° -. 77. Talk To M. Talk T. AM ...- 13tH. Willi John Weed4M..a.n _.-3e II. Ulm Har -_...... __._._.__Tk. E 79. 7TmpvMy .. lh.ny M.dds __-- -- R yn Id. Jody THE BAKERSFIELD'TIGER L predicts . . Art Simpson L

When me boys Talk AheUT Me *irk STEVE JAS CHUCK COOPER ... VOS..le Carr 9PM I -12M 12M -GAM 'RADIO 1995 /RADIO'S 75TH ANNIVERSARY www.americanradiohistory.com RADIO'S 75TH

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1995 /RADIO'S 75TH ANNIVERSARY INK 123 www.americanradiohistory.com RADIO'S 75TH

1360 L I THE McLENDON STATION LON DIAL Top f DISC DATA Hits of 0h w.k AUGUST 22Nd, 1960 TOP RECORDS -WEEK OE MAIICH 21. IR5$

I.WALK, DON'T Run VENTURES DOLTIN h. IlolshieN 2.FINGER PoPPIN' TIME HANK BALLARD KING i 1. Two Hnn: Pat Bonne Dot 3.THE Twist CHUBBY CHECKER PARKWAY .HARLES *Pd 10TC1 2. Crus Otto Melody Johnny Maddox Dot 4.17's Now on NEvER ELVIS PRESLEY RCA E 'tl 610 A.M. 5.TRUE LOVE WAYS /FLIP BuDDY HOLLY CORAL 3. Ballad of )asT Crockett Tenosacr Ernie Capitol 6.DREA., EYES JOHNNY TILLITSON CADENCE BROOKS ERA - 4. Tweedk.Gee Laverne Baker Atlantic 7.MISSION BELL DONNIE B.VOLARE /Do IT AGAIN BOBBY RYDELL CAMEO ota 1. Dadinc Vnu. .Vane I I,Mrk I/MnoaRoK Jr Beacoup Nat "King' Cole Capitol 9.HEY,LITTLE ONE DORSEY SORNETTE ERA O.CHaIN GANG SAM COOKE RCA 0.30'NI PAS A.M. 6. Sincerely McGuire Sisters Coral I.OREAMIN' JOHNNY BURNETTE LIBERTY ': Neer N1 2OO P.M. 7. Tra-la -la Pat Boonc Dot 2.MILLION To ONE JIMMY CHARLES PRoMO OF THE WORLD ANITA BRYANT CARLTON x. Pledging Me Lmr Johnny Ace Dolo 3.MY LITTLE CORNER 4.1.. THE RAIN ROBERT AND JOHNNY OLD TOWN 9. Planta, n Boogie Lenox Dec Dacca S.YDU'RE LOOKING GOOD DEE CLARK VEEJAY 6.OvER THE RAINBOW DIMENSIONS MOHAWK Pnrker Vo iIt.on IO. Chers Pink Apple Blnomo 7.COMC BACK JIMMY CLANTON ACE Yhitr Peres Praos RCA 1m ta nao A.M. B.OREAM ON BILL HAMM DoT il. The Fish Mindy Caron Columbia 9.HELLO YOUNG LOVERS /FLIP PAUL ANKA ABC -PARAMOUNT 20.1 DO THE SHIMMY BOBBY FREEMAN KING 12. I tcann;, Huc Tou. Km Veu 21.Loon FOR STAR GARY MILES LIBERTY Saur re 1'ou Billy Williams Quartet Coral 22.1'.. SORRY BRENDA LEE OECCA Jerre Bohn 13. The WG111 wer Etta Jame, Modern 23.CoME BACK To ME /FLIP MARK O.NNING MGM 24.LI SA JEANNE BLACK C ITOL +.80 A.N. 'II 22 No.. 14. banger. Heartbreak Ahead I. P. Morgan RCA 25.1 SHOT MR.LEE 800ETTES ATLANTIC Ia0'ta Sao P.M. May Smnd Silly McGuire Sisters Coral 26.To TA CLYDE MCPHATTER MERCURY 27.0011A GONE /FLIP PAT BooNE DOT 16. ICt A Sweetie Jo Stafford C. lumbia O 28.GEE BABY JOE AND ANN ACE !. Hearts and MADISON Flowen lohrny Desmond Coral 29 . 0000N IG HT, SWEET HE ART UNTOUCHABLES CARLOS Boos. DEL PHI Chem an.18. Unchainee Melody 30.LÁ SAMBA Les Baxter Capitol 31.MULESKINNER SLUES FENDERMEN -'BONA 19. PIA Yam. Mama Annmren BRorneos MARTY ROBBINS _COLUMBIA S OC .1. 1000 P.M Allen Capitol 32.F tot 33.OHE BOY JOANIE SOMMERS WARNER BROS 213. Hon. I.o;nnam Can It Be Joni MGM lames 34.Y ocI IVY THREE SHELL 0 P,FLIP DELICATES UNITED ARTISTS 35.FL 36.CLAP YOUR HANDS BEAU MARKS SHAD MGM Ø()Komi Barkhrl 3..M, HEART HAS MIND CONNIE FRANCIS FEDERAL HOC'S DISC JOCKEY 38.T Is OLD HEART JANES BROWN +000 P.M. YO M;dvL, PICHOFTHEWEEH 39.So SAD /LACILLE EVERLY BROS. WARNER BROS -Flip Flop $ Fly -- Johnny Ray - Colurnba '0.0.0.,50 WHAT? FREDDIE NORTH UNIVERSITY

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'PITT BURGH'S HAPPENING SURVEY' La. TAO WM WM JULY Ir tl'RN AROUND WOK AT l Mt V... Rae, JLMnN' JACK PLASH _ Robet Seas Lai . GRAEIN IN _ - Hugh W..ee Un LADY WILL POWERER _.U. Cep . Cd... STONE SOUL PICNIC -_SW Di.. bal OIS SHE! A HEARTBREAKER _Cet P.Y. M.ta REACH OUT OP THE DARKNESS -Perd V low HOWDY CURDY MAN _. Ip SALLY HAD A PARTY - Jaw r THIS GUYS IN LOVE WITH YOU. J4aS Alps , ARM DONT TAKE IT SO HARD Peul Men V Enders C ..

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1995 /RADIO'S 75TH ANNIVERSARY INI(125 www.americanradiohistory.com "Theble investment bank committed to prodding cost-effective access to capitalfor funding plans today's broadcast entrepreneurs."

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(From /k to right - seated» lames Dusileary - Vice President, Steren Pruett - 1 /ice President. CAPITAL FORMATION MERCHANT BANKING STRATEGIC ADVISORY The Broadcast Division, based in CEA's New York office, has been providing financial services to the radio and television industries since 1986. CEA has developed an impressive and extensive client list ranging from start -up companies to industry leaders such as Paxson Communications Corporation, River City Broadcasting, New Age Broadcasting, The Park Lane Group, Keymarket Communications, Sinclair Broadcasting and Wheeler Broadcasting. Since 1993, the broadcast division has completed over $1 billion in radio and television transactions.

PAXSON COMMUNICATIONS to assist in the strategic planning phase. His strategy...to grow. CORPORATION CEA advised Pappas on acquisitions and financial When Bud Paxson decided to build a new company in restructuring for the company and arranged over $100 1993, he turned to CEA for advice on capital formation. million in growth capital to make Pappas' plan a reality. Two years later, CEA has completed seven innovative financings totaling over $400 million in debt and equity. In CEA HAS A PROVEN TRACK RECORD addition, CEA has helped Paxson build a conventional radio When you engage CEA, you hire a team of experts with and television group as well as the first broadcast television extensive experience in finance, mergers and acquisitions, group and network devoted solely to infomercial telecasting. strategic planning and operations. CEA's professionals are knowledgeable of today's capital markets and transaction RIVER CITY BROADCASTING environments. The principles of CEA were the original investors in River City Broadcasting in 1987. Since then, CEA has CEA has built its reputation over the years by focusing assisted River City through four acquisitions, arranging debt on the importance of relationships and working diligently to and equity financings totaling over $200 million. achieve our clients' financial goals. The ability to analyze, understand, communicate and execute has allowed CEA's PAPPAS TELECASTING COMPANIES clients to grow with confidence and move with the speed In 1993, Harry Pappas had several important decisions required to win in today's competitive environment. At to make about the future of his company. He engaged CEA CEA, we add value above and beyond the transaction.

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www.americanradiohistory.com RADIO'S 75TH

1904, November 16 - Dr. J. Ambrose Fleming took out his original patent No. 24850 for thermonic valves. 1 893 - Nikola Tesla makes public dem- 1905 - Prof. Reginald A. Fessenden onstration of Radio communication over applied for United States patent "Im- distance of 30 feet in St. Louis, Mis- provements in apparatus for the wireless souri. transmission of electromagnetic waves. 1894-1895 - Marconi conducts wire- 1906 - Lee De Forest invents the 3- MILESTONES less experiments in Italy. Receives U.S. element tube. patent (1897). 1906 - Reginald Fessenden conducts 1894 - Sir Oliver Lodge transmits long- distance voice transmission heard 1 725 - Steven Gray discovers electri- wireless signals by Hertzian waves a in Scotland and Puerto Rico from Brant cal conductor. distance of 150 yards in England. Rock, Massachusetts, Christmas Eve of 1794 - Allessandro Volta invents the 1897, March - Marconi demonstrated 1906. voltaic cell. communication over a distance of 4 1880s- 1890s -The Budapest Cable miles. Balloons were first used for the system sent out entertainment programs suspension of wireless aerials; later main- via telephone lines. Of course, RF wasn't tained communication between the involved, but it was broadcast in the shore and a ship at sea at distances up to sense of a program going to a variety of 10 miles. locations. 1897, November - First Marconi sta- 1827 - Sir Charles Wheatstone in- tion erected at the Needles, Alum Bay vents the microphone. Isle of Wight. Experiments were con- 1831 - Faraday discovered electro- ducted covering a range of 14 1/2 miles. magnetic induction between two en- 1897, December - Signals transmit- tirely separate circuits. ted from shore to a ship at sea, 18 miles 1842 - Morse made wireless experi- away. First floating wireless station was ments by electric conduction through completed. Marconi coherer ... a detector of water. 1 899, July - During naval maneuvers wireless signals. three British warships equipped with Marconi 1909 - Charles Herrold begins broad- RICREI SILVER apparatus exchanged mes- casting from San Jose, California. Sta- sages at distances up to 74 tion is "San Jose Calling," FN, 6XE, 6FX, nautical miles (about 85 SJN, and then becomes KQW and later

WIVE fl Pt, statute miles). KCBS. Early Marconi resonator (receiver) 1900, September and 1912 - The Radio Act of 1912 is the October - The interna- first U.S. law to regulate land Radio sta- tional yacht races were re- tions. Duty falls within the Commerce 1845 - Lindsay transmitted messages ported by wireless telegraphy for the Dept. across the River Tay by means of elec- Neu) York Herald. 1913 -The physics department at Iowa tricity without submerging wires. 1900 - 1905 - Dr. De Forest was State University begins wireless experi- 1865 - Dr. Mahlon Loomis, a dentist, granted numerous patents in the United ments. Has public demonstration booth is well- documented to have transmitted States and other countries for inven- at Iowa State Fair (1915). Station be- telegraphic messages a distance of 18 tions connected with wireless telegra- comes 9YI, then WOI. miles. phy. 1916 - Young David Sarnoff, an em- 1867 -James Clerk Maxwell develops 1901, December - The letter 'S' was ployee of the Marconi Company, writes electromagnetic theory. received by Marconi from Poldhu, En- a memo where he envisions a "Radio

1 882 -A Professor Dolbear of Tufts gland, at St. John's, Newfoundland, a Music Box" in every home. University received a U.S. patent for a distance of 1,800 miles. 1916 - Westinghouse engineer Dr. wireless telegraph in March, 1882. 1902 - Stubblefield makes public dem- Frank Conrad begins broadcasting from 1887- Hertz founded the theory upon onstration of wireless in Washington, his house as 8XK. Plays phonograph which all modern Radio signaling de- D.C. Receives patent (1908). records on the air after wartime ban on vices are based. 1903, January 19 - President Theodore entertainment is lifted. 1892 - Peerce established communi- Roosevelt sent a transatlantic Radio- 1917- University of Wisconsin begins cation between two points on the Bristol gram to King Edward via Cape Cod and physic lab experiments of voice and mu- Channel and at Lochness in Scotland. Poldhu stations. sic transmission. Station later becomes 1892 - Nathan B. Stubblefield trans- 1903, March 30 - First transoceanic 9XM, then WHA. mits the voice using induction in Murray, Radio -gram was published in the London 1919 - First successful voice broad- Kentucky. Times. casts in England.

1995 /RADIO'S 75TH ANNIVERSARY M1í(.127 www.americanradiohistory.com EVERYBODY H TO BE THE BIG oo What holds true in nature sometimes carries over into the corporate world. It seems every company aspires to be the fastest, the biggest and the best. It's a desire to be number one, to be the big dog. Over the last decade, TAPSCAN became the industry leader in sales, research and presentation software systems for broadcasters. It's the result of a simple, crystal -clear philosophy: the development of a complete line of innovative anc highly effective systems, and absolute commitment to our clients. TAPSCAN, Incorporated It's a - 3000 Riverchase 0ìalleria dog- eat-dog world out there. Eighth Floor Throw your sales staff the big bone and Birmingham, Alabama 35244 get them TAPSCAN this year. 205- 987 -7456

www.americanradiohistory.com RADIO'S 75TH

1931 - Radios "Golden Era" begins with musicians and comedians reaching national prominence. Red and Blue, however less known are 1931, October 15- Broadcasting maga- White, Orange and Gold networks. zine publishes 1 926, November - Red Network (for- first issue. Be- merly AT&T Network) begins. comes immedi- 20s 1926- Dempsey -Tunny fight is broad- ate influence on MILESTONES cast all across the U.S. Radio industry. 1927, January - The Blue Network is 1931 - British formed (formerly RCA Network). Note: 1920, August 20 - The Detroit News inventor, A.D. begins regularly scheduled daily pro- RCA used Western Union telegraph wires Blumlein, pat- because AT &T would not lease phone ents method for grams on 8MK, which later becomes Atwater Kent Model 246 (1933) WBL, then WWJ. lines to a competitor. This led to a court etching two case which forced AT &T out of the broad- channels of in- 1920, November 2 - 8XK becomes casting business to become a "common formation in a disc groove tstereo). KDKA and broadcasts the Harding -Cox carrier." election returns after being issued the 1932 - Franklin Roosevelt began mak- 1927 First coast -to -coast hookup first broadcast on October 27, 1920 - ing Radio speeches during the presiden- broadcasts the Rose Bowl. (though Broadcasting magazine says No- tial campaign. His confidence and rec- vember 7, 1921). 1927 -The Radio Act of 1927 is passed. ognizable voice, and command of the The Federal Radio Commission is born 1922 - Secretary of Commerce assigns medium, got him elected with an over- all stations to and grants 620 licenses. whelming majority. 360 meters (833 1927, January 27 - United Indepen- 1932 - ASCAP announces 300% in- Broadcasters Inc. formed. When kHz) for the dent crease in fees and demands the right to transmission of near financial disaster, purchased by examine broadcasters books. NAB cre- S. Paley his "important William and family (which ates BMI in response to escalating ASCAP news items, en- owned Congress Cigar Company) and fees. tertainment, becomes Columbia Broadcasting System 1 932 Raymond Wilmotte installs first lectures, ser- (CBS) on September 18, 1927. - RCA Radiola Superhet AR -812 directional antenna WFLA/WSUN in mons, and simi- 1 929 West Coast leg of CBS formed - Tampa, Florida. (1924) lar matter." as the Don Lee Network by local Cadillac 933 FM is demonstrated to RCA by August 28, dealer Don Lee. Purchased by General - Major Edwin Armstrong, and rejected. I922 - AT &T's WEAF initiates 'Toll Tire in 1951. Broadcasting." Anyone could go on the 1929 -The first NAB Code of Ethics is 1933 - WIL first to broadcast daily air by buying block time. First sponsor written. news from Washington, D.C. came from the Queensboro Corporation 1929 -John Shepard Ill forms Yankee I933 - Roosevelt's National Recovery which sold real estate. Five programs Network, the first network with a Act called for a minimum of $20 a week over five days cost $50 plus long -dis- mountaintop; first to focus on news gath- for announcers. tance fees. ering and daily newscasts. 1933 - Roosevelt makes first inaugural 1923 - Commerce Department opens address over Radio. up 550 to 1500 kHz for broadcasting 1933 President Roosevelt uses Radio with up to 5,000 watts power. - for "Fireside Chats." 1 923 - National Association of Broad- casters is formed to negotiate perfor- 1933 - Radio performer Ed Wynn cre- mance fees demanded by ASCAP. ates the Amalgamated Broadcast System with 100 stations. Goes bankrupt in I923, January 4 WEAF New York - November. and WNAC Boston broadcast the first simulcast. AT&T Network is formed. First 1934 - WLW Cincinnati's Powell commercial network program, "The MILESTONES Crosley experiments with 500,000 watts. Eveready Hour," created. Worlds most powerful Radio station. 1925 - British Broadcasting Corpora- 1934 - An agreement between WOR tion (BBC) is charted by Parliament as a The decade begins with Radios in 12 and WGN begins the Mutual Broadcast- government monopoly. million homes according to the census ing System (originally called The Qual- bureau. 1926, September 9 - NBC Network is ity Network). Was originally a coopera- formed by parent RCA. NBC formed 1931 - Radio revenue is estimated at tive agreement between stations to share several networks. Most well -known were $170 million. programming.

1995 /RADIO'S 75TH ANNIVERSARY N(] 29 www.americanradiohistory.com Station Yourself Under A KD Icanopy "Every time I "The part I like put up my the best is KD Kanopy, breaking down people watch my entire (KO me with Kanopy) booth amazement in 30 seconds, and ask me and seeing where they other people can get one." left behind still taking down their booths. I'm gone -I'm out of there!" 102.7 KilS Did!

'There's always a better way!" Customer said, "A portable performance structure would be

What started out to be a beach-goers shade device has turned into a great for outdoor activities." KD Kanopy said, 'You're right." lucrative business for founder and president of KD Kanopy, James Lynch. The KD StarStage is also a new product by KD Kanopy. With its band shell Lynch and the KD employees have turned his invention into an international design, the KD StarStage company that designs, manufactures and distributes a selection of provides excellent audience multipurpose, portable canopies /tents and signage products. viewing and quality acoustics for spectators. The stage Lynch discovered the need for a sturdy shade device while racing opening measures over 13 catamarans in the hot sun. -I used to stretch sails between two cars for shade feet in height and the 550 on the beach, but a gust of wind would always knock it down," said Lynch. square -foot coverage ensures "I knew there was a better way." In 1984, he started designing canopies for ample room for a stage show, the beach and soon realized there was a greater market for his invention. band or performance. Before long, the KD Original was in demand by the arts and crafts Customers said, 'We want to advertise in a new and unique market, and today, KD Kanopy has found their niche in the special events way." KD Kanopy said, 'We can help." field. Covering a diverse market that includes numerous sporting events, In order to ensure high visibility to customers, KD Kanopy included concerts, trade shows, radio promotions, art shows and other special events, graphic capabilities to their services. KD Kanopy owners can have graphics, KD provides their customers with lettering or custom logos added to their canopy. Silk screened graphics high visibility, a professional image that are heat -cured onto the fabric are used instead of graphics sewn onto and weather protection. the fabric. Sewing can cause pin holes in the fabric which can result in a KO Kanopy's motto is, 'There is leaking canopy. All KD Kanopy tops are treated to be water resistant, fire % always a better way," and because retardant and UV protected. All canopies /tents come with carrybags and ott, of this, the company has created a stakes for FREE. ? :! superior line of products that suit For more information on KD Kanopy and their products, their customers' needs. call 1-800-432-4435 or 303-650-1310. Customers said, 'We need a canopy that isn't too heavy and is sturdy." KD Kanopy said, "OK."

Lynch designed a new frame called the KD Majestic which is 40 percent stronger and 25 percent lighter than KD's steel frame unit. The I 0'x I O' frame weighs only 48 lbs. This innovated frame is made of high -tensile aluminum KD Kanopy® with fiberglass reinforced DYNIDIOMTu fittings. Thanks to the newly designed /T I f e B es t widerei' the OUN. m aluminum frame, it takes only 30 seconds for two people to set up the KD

Majestic. KD Kanopy sells the KD Majestic unit 5 to I over their steel unit. 1-800-432-4435

www.americanradiohistory.com RADIO'S 75TH

1945 - FCC moves FM frequency from ) 42 -50 MHz to 88 -108 MHz. FM growth was hindered by instant equipment obso- lescence. 30s 1945 -CBS' Bill Downs parachutes into CONTINUED Berlin and makes first American broadcast while the Allies occupy the city. 1934 - Communications Act of 1934 is MILESTONES passed. Federal Communications Com- mission (FCC) formed with seven -member commission. Decade begins with 30 million Radio sets in use. 1935 - Martin Block begins a show called "Make Believe Ballroom" on 1941 -FCC prohibits editorializing by WNEW, using records instead of live broadcast licensees. Ruling lasts eight orchestras in an era where live orchestras years; found unconstitutional. had become predominant. title Show 1941 - Newspaper -owned stations fight and concept is the same as similar show government attempts to stop cross -own- Sentinel 284 NI (1945) on KFWB hosted by Al Jarvis (1932). ership. Some claim idea was copied. 1941 - Government attempts to tax ad 1945 -All commercial Radio programs go 1936 A.C. - Nielsen Co. /MIT intro- revenues. off the air for two days in commemoration of duces device to mea- President Roosevelt's death. 1943 NBC sells Blue Network sure audiences. First - to Edward Noble (Lifesavers for $8 1946 The FCC publishes 139 -page re- Radio ratings were Candy) - million port in attempt to establish license renewal done by Powell when FCC cracked down on monopoly of NBC. In 1945 the name criteria. NAB calls it unconstitutional. Crosley in Cincin- "American Broadcasting Company" was nati. 1946 - Bing Crosby wins right to tran- purchased from George Storer and the scribe ABC Network show in ... 1936 advance - King Ed- Blue Network became the ABC Radio action labeled an attack on NBC and CBS. ward VIII abdicates Network. the throne to what is 1947-Nearly 2,000 AM and FM stations 1943 FCC bans multiple ownerships believed to be the - on the air in 1947. FCC predicts a sizable largest audience of AM stations in same market. number will fail. ever. 1943 - Supreme Court upholds right of 1947 -A broadcasting survey shows nine FCC to regulate broadcasting 1937 - Live "on- policies out of IO stations have disc jockey pro- and network site" news coverage broadcast rules. grams broadcasting an average 2.2 hours Stewart -Warner is given a boost when 1943-U.S. Supreme Court rules Nikola daily. WLS reporter Herb Tesla's inventions and demonstrations of R -125X (1934) 1947 - Continental Radio Network be- Morrison records wireless telegraphy preceded those of comes the first all FM network. Hindenburg disaster. The words "Oh the Marconi. 1947 The transistor is invented at Bell humanity" ring throughout America. - Labs. It made Radio portable. 1938, Halloween - Many listeners 1 948 -The FCC rules that WHLS could panic when CBS' "Mercury Theater of not be held responsible for libelous utter- the Air" broadcasts Orson Welles'"War ances by a political candidate. of the Worlds." Program results in FCC regulations regarding disclaimers 1948 - Emerson Radio introduces an FM (which did exist in Welles' program). receiver for $29.95. It was called the "Conquerer." 1939 - Networks carry first declara- tion of war ever heard on Radio. 1948 -FCC proposes rules that would ban virtually all on -air giveaways. 1939 - First regulatory scheduled FM broadcast via relay from WQXR to 1949 -FCC chairman, Wayne Coy, sug- Edwin Armstrong's experimental gests that FM stations be required to simul- W2XMV -FM Alpine, New Jersey. cast their jointly owned AM sister. FM association says bad idea. 1939 - Congress acknowledges prominence of Radio and provides gal- 1949 - RCA/NBC pushes the 45 RPM; Columbia the 33 1/3 RPM; lery facilities to Radio reporters, giving Top: Zenith 7 -G6o5 (1940) Decca continues with the 78. them parity with newspaper press. Addison Model 2 (1940)

1995 /RADIO'S 75TH ANNIVERSARY www.americanradiohistory.com Serving Our Communities For Over Forty Years

WOR -AM New York, NY

WOR RADIO NETWORK New York, NY

WDRC -AM /FM Hanford, CT

WSEN/WFBL Syracuse, NY

KLLY /KNZR /KKBB Bakersfield, CA

KWAV /KIDD Monterey, Salinas & Santa Cruz, CA

KUBB /KHTN Merced/Modestok CA

KSEQ/K1 00 Visalia /Fresno, CA

RADIO

www.americanradiohistory.com RADIO'S 75TH

1957- Mutual Broad - casting System was sold to Armand Hammer and others for MILESTONES $550,000. 1958 - For the first time in 10 years the FCC rules 7 AMs, 7 FMs, 7 TV. number of FM stations Early '50s - TV adopts Radio's success on the air increased. in programming. Network Radio rev- The total was 578. enue is cut in half. 1959 - MBS execu- 1950 -The manufacture of AM Radios tives are indicted on outnumbered FM by more than 7 to I. federal charges that they received cash to 1951 - NBC, CNBS and Mutual cut disseminate within the Packard Bell 5R1 (1950) rates to compete with TV. Rates dropped U.S., political propa- again in 1952. ABC added to the list. ganda on behalf of and 1951 - U.S. Court of Appeals for the favorable to, the Do- District of Columbia orders WWDC- minican Republic. FM to cease transit FM in street cars and 1959 -The National buses. U.S. Supreme Court overturns the Association of FM following year. FM operators rejoice. Broadcasters (NAFMB) 1954 - FM inventor Edwin Armstrong forms and later be- commits suicide. He was in patent dis- comes the National Ra- pute with RCA. RCA/NBC paid $ I mil- dio Broadcasting Asso- lion in 1955 after six -year battle. ciation (NRBA). 1955 - Todd Storz and Bill Stewart Merges with the NAB program 'Top 40" on Omaha daytimer in 1986. KOWH. Don Burden at KOIL follows 1959 - FTC charges full -time. record companies with bribing DJs to play 1955 - While networks struggle with a RCA 3 -RF -91 AM /FM (1952) $19 million revenue loss from previous their records. FCC year, NBC introduces "Monitor," a week- starts its own investi- end magazine format show. gation of all Radio -TV stations. 1955 - FCC authorizes multiplexed for everyone to express an opposing services for FM. 1959 - Congress amended 315 of the viewpoint. Temporarily suspended in 1934 Communications Act (Fairness 1960 for the "Great Debates." Bill to do 1956 - United Press International be- Doctrine). Interpretation could allow the same in 1964 was killed in Senate. gins audio service.

Zenith H511W (1954) Philco 53-561 (1953)

RADIO

1995 /RADIO'S 75TH ANNIVERSARY INK 1 3 www.americanradiohistory.com 101111111VM KGB -FM, San Diego

Pr in c i F' IKPOP Make a AI

4RROW108' f MALL R O( &ROLL OLOLE81411. Difference KXOA -FM, Sacramento P ,- i n t i)' l i of stand for KXOA-AM, Sacramento something KJFX-FM, Fresno - Willet H. Brown 1905 - 1993 21K ll0tc1m KYXO-AM, Fre.no

KKSF 103.7 FM SMOOTH JAll KKSF -FM, can Franút..,

We salute a man who, despite a lifetime of professional achievement, barm 106.9 fin defined success in terms of personal integrity. Seattle's Soft Rock KRWM -FM, Settle

BROWN the Point 1005 f® I:;PT-P,I. S.,.r.,,,,ent., BROADCASTING COMPANY

A Division of The Brown Organization CLASSICAL 1021 FM Michael Brown, Chairman & CEO, The Brown Organization KDFCAM /FM, San Fra neiaco Phil Melrose, President, Brown Broadcasting Company

www.americanradiohistory.com RADIO'S 75TH

DRINK with MILESTONES IC6

1 96 1 - FM stereo is authorized by the FCC. 1961 - New FCC Chairman New- ton Minow makes his "Vast Waste- land" speech at the NAB convention. Had praise for Radio programming at CBS affiliates meeting calling Radio "America's Roommate."

1962 The FCC imposes a temporary (19 6i - panaPet oni` freeze on AM licenses and proposes a Panas Westinghouse new allocation pattern for FM based on (1963) need and technical feasibility. Freeze lifted 1964. 1962 - Three -year rule is imposed by FCC to ensure that the needs of a community are met. 1962 - AT &T's Telstar One was launched allowing instant intercontinen- Motorola C9G13 tal broadcasts. (1960) 1964 - Simulcast restrictions are imposed limiting duplication to 50% in markets exceeding 100,000. 1965 - "Boss Radio" begins at KHJ. 1 968 -The ITT /ABC merger is called 1965 - Radio provides virtu- off after FCC approved, but Justice De- ally the only service of infor- partment appeal delayed closing. Pur- 11111l1111111111'i mation to seven Northeastern chase price became too high for ITT. ii11 II1 11 II I, states during the great black- 1969 -The Supreme Court's Red Lion out. 1 II I ruling limits broadcasters First Amend- I11I11I111111111 IIII 11 11I 1965 - KLZ -FM Denver be- ment rights. 111111111111111 1 1111 111111 111111111;I. comes the nation's pioneer FM 1 969 - After controversy that started 40. The PD was Top Charles with an FCC ruling in 1967, cigarette Roberts. Other stations that manufacturers voluntarily agree to cease weren't far behind WDAF- - Zenith 75o6C (1961) all Radio & TV advertising by January 2, FM, WOR -FM and WRKO- 1971. The extra day allowed FM. for New Year's Day football 1966 - The FCC rules that every sta- broadcasts. tion carrying cigarette commercials must I969 - Media diversifica- provide a "significant" amount of time to tion becomes an issue with present anti -smoking views. Fairness the FCC. WHDH -TV first Doctrine under fire, again. to lose to competing appli- I968 - After obtaining an exemption cant. from the FCC, four new networks are launched by ABC ... Contemporary, In- formation, FM and Entertainment. Admiral Y3523 (1964)

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committee; First Amendment issue. 1972 - Broadcasters fight FTC proposal for counter -ads on controversial 70s commercials. MILESTONES 1972 - The Last Contest created by Jack McCoy and Doug Herman airs on KCBQ. 1973 - 1974 - X -ROK 80, a 150,000 watt "Border Blaster" broadcasts from Juarez, Mexico. Raggedy Ann /Hong Kong (1975) 1973 - President Nixon launches assault on broadcast journalists during 1975 - FCC changes AM allocation Watergate investigations; public opin- rules allowing new nighttime service and ion disagrees with his opinions. a 2.5 KW power classification. 1973 - Dean Burch, FCC chairman, 1976 - NAB urges Radio stations to suggests that the FCC use percentage screen records for "offensive lyrics." guidelines to evaluate licensee perfor- 1977 - FM duplication is limited to mance to prevent the 1969 WHDH -TV 25% in communities with more than Zenith A424 (197o) decision from being repeated. 100,000 people; 50% in communities 1973 The Bill Ballance Feminine Fo- with 25,000 to 100,000 people. 1 970 -Media diversification continues - to be an issue. FCC adopts the "one -to -a rum was the target of criticism as sex - 1978 - FM listenership exceeds that of market" rule. AM/FM/TV. oriented programming became a topic at AM listenership for the first time. the FCC. 1970 - FCC rules broadcasters must 1978 - "WKRP In Cincinnati" debuts allow airtime for a candidate competing 1973- WGLD -FM pays $2,000 fine to on CBS. avoid a test in court for airing program- with a candidate already using airtime, 1978 - WKTU New York becomes ming that included a discussion on oral but broadcaster may charge for the time. overnight success. Disco spreads across sex. FCC Chairman Burch wanted a court 1970 Special interest groups use the America. - test to establish FCC authority. cigarette advertising decision to fuel their own causes. FCC decides not to apply the 1973 - Ban on cigarette advertising Fairness Doctrine to auto and gasoline. extended to include little cigars. Same for Armed Forces recruiting spots. 1974 - AP launches its audio service. 1971 - Format diversification helped MBS asks FCC to declare AP and UPI Radio revenues increase drastically with networks. stations narrowing their targets to spe- 1974 - WBAI broadcasts recording cific age groups. of George Carlin's monologue with 1971 - Public Broadcasting Service "seven dirty words." FCC defines inde- begins (PBS). National Public Radio be- cent (1975); Supreme Court upholds gins (NPR). (1978). 1 1971 CBS President Frank Stanton 1975 - The "cross- ownership" rule is - Zenith RH76Y (1978) refuses to honor subpoenas to supply implemented that prohibits newspaper news material to House Commerce Sub- and Radio/TV ownership in the same 1979 Supreme Court rules that the market. FCC orders breakup of 16 - press may not hide behind the First groups. U.S. Court of Appeals reverses Amendment in all cases. decision in 1977. Supreme Court sides with FCC in 1978. 1979 - World Administration Radio Conference (WARC) to rewrite regula- 1975 - NBC debuts an all -news net- tions. AM band is extended to 1705 KHz. work (MS). Loses more than $10 million - ends 1977. 1979 - NBC Radio's The Source and the RKO Radio Network debuted. 1975 - FCC admits error in not allowing for presidential election debates 1979 - FCC approves 9 KHz spacing. under Section 315. Votes for exemp- NAB pushes for 10 KHz retention; FCC Zenith C 412 (1973) tion as a "bona -fide news event." reverses (1981).

RADP 1OOS/DAfll(YC 75T1-I At\If\II\/FRCAßY IN(.137 www.americanradiohistory.com STRONG SIGNALS OF GROWTH

Atlanta Cincinnati Columbus WKLS -FM WKRQ -FM WTVN -AM WWNK -FM WLVQ -FM

Kansas City Phoenix Portland WDAF -FM KSLX -FM KEX -AM KYYS -FM KOPA -AM KKRZ -FM KKCW -FM Sacramento Tampa /St. Petersburg pending KSEG -FM WXTB -FM KRXQ -FM WTBT-FM*

CInCA TERS

www.americanradiohistory.com RADIO'S 75TH

81Es MILESTONES

1980 - FCC approves AM stereo; Magnavox system is the standard. Dur- ing Reagan Administration FCC drops support for any one system (1982). Zenith R462 (1981) Chooses Motorola C -QUAM (1993). 1980 Country revolution follows re- - 1985 - Westwood One buys Mutual lease of "Urban Cowboy." - United Stations buys RKO Nets - 1981 - Satellite Music Network de- Cap Cities buys ABC. buts. Founded in Dallas by Radio and TV 1986 - NRBA merges with NAB. broadcaster, John Tyler. 1987 - FCC halts enforcement of Fair- 1981 adopts Radio deregulation -FCC ness Doctrine. proposal eliminating ascertainment re- Tonka Radio Gobot (1985) quirements, non -entertainment program- 1987 - FCC adopts "Main Studio" rule ming guidelines, changes. etc. 1982 - Interep begins dual representa- 1987 Recruitment process is FCC 198 I - FCC adopts short -form license tion of stations. - renewal focus for EEO. - "Postcard." 1982 -Three- yearownership rule elimi- 1988 Rush Limbaugh goes national 1981 - Supreme Court rules FCC has nated. - EFM. authority to leave format to the discre- on 1982 - WABC switches to all -talk. tion of the licensee. 1988 - Second Country Music revolu- 1982 - "Hot Hits" from Mike Joseph. tion begins. 1981 -Arbitran starts measuring Radio FM stations quarterly. Arbitrend begins 1983 - FCC expands use of 1988 -Denon introduces the DN 950F, (1984). subcarrier. first CD player specifically made for U.S. 1984 Docket 80 -90 created more 1981 - License term raised to seven - broadcasting. than 600 new FMs. years. Citizen groups petition FCC for 1989 -Cap Cities/ABC acquires SMN; restoration of three -year rule (1989). U.S. 1984 - FCC allows 12 AMs /12 FMs. Birch Ratings buys Mediastat. Court of Appeals upholds original FCC action (1990). Bose Wave Radio (1985)

Zenith R99 (1981)

1005/AAfll(YC 75TI-1 AfJt\IIVFRCARV www.americanradiohistory.com The "G" in Granum Stands for Growth!

GRANUM COMMUNICATIONS, INC.

In less than four years, we have grown to become one of America's largest radio groups, with twelve stations in five markets and over $60 million of revenue. The "G" also stands for Great People at all of our stations who will help us continue to grow into the future.

WVEE/FM - WAOK/AM Atlanta

WXYV/FM - WCAO /AM Baltimore

WBOS/FM - WSSH/FM Boston

KOAI/FM - KJMZ/FM - KHVN /AM Dallas

WMMO/FM - WHTQ/FM - WHOO /AM Orlando

Granum Communications, Inc.

An Equal Opportunity Employer

www.americanradiohistory.com RADIOS 75TH

1993 - Group W under President Dick Harris buys Legacy /Metropolitan for $385 million. 1994 - Radio Revenue begins to re- cover. 1991 - Howard Stern goes national. 1994 - Broadcaster eligibility restored 1992 - AccuRatings challenges by SBA for loan guarantees. MILESTONES Arbitron. 1 995 - FCC adopts new Emergency Alert System. 1992 - Duopoly /LMA legislation is 1990 - 'Translator abuse' ends with approved by FCC. Station limit raised to new FCC rules. 18 AMs/I8 FMs (1992). Limit raised to 20 AMs/20 FMs in 1994. 1990 - Boston NAB convention is zenith of Radio recession. 1990 - Congressional law allows lottery advertisement. 1990 - Hicks proposes consolidation to FCC. 1991 - Al Westcott complaint letter to FCC regarding the content of Howard Stern's show results in FCC decision to fine Infinity. No fines have been paid as of publication date of this magazine. 1991 - FCC adopts "base fine" for rules violation. Court overturns (1994). FCC proposes a similar approach (1995). Wave (19951 Acous Bo5e

Sharp 6 -Disc AM /FM portable stereo (1994)

Reel -Talk AM /FM /casette recorder with clock(1994)

RADIO Innc /nAni,,r -1GTLI AAIAID/CDCADV www.americanradiohistory.com INK 1d1 est wishes to JucilleJyongo, incoming national president of

And congratulations to the

organization itself for its

fine choice in a new leader.

She's certainly done right by us.

Katz Media Corporation.

Katz. The best.

www.americanradiohistory.com Shamrock Broadcasting, Inc. The First 75 Have Been Fabulous But You Ain't Seen Nothin' Yet!

KABL /KBGG KFAN /KEEY KLAC /KZLA Oakland /San Francisco, CA Minneapolis /St. Paul, MN Los Angeles, CA

KMLE KNEW /KSAN KTBZ Phoenix, AZ Oakland /San Francisco, CA Houston, TX

KXKL -AM /FM KZDG WDFN /WW W W Denver, CO Denver, CO Detroit, MI

WFOX WHTZ W W S W-AM/FM Atlanta, GA New York, NY Pittsburgh, PA

www.americanradiohistory.com RADIOS 75TH

NAB President /CEO RAB President Edward O. Fritts Gary Fries For 75 years, Americans have had a love A 75th anniversary is a momentous oc- affair with Radio. Over those years, the casion, the kind that usually inspires a industry has faced tremendous challenges, nostalgic look back rather than specula- yet Radio is stronger today than at any tion about the future. In this, as in so other time in history. The secret to Radio's many ways, Radio is the exception. De- success? The genius local broadcasters exhibit in understanding spite all that we have achieved as an industry since 1920, our the needs of their local communities and programming to meet "golden days" are not behind us; they're still to come. those needs. Because if there's one thing Radio has proven over the course The challenges of the next 75 years will be at least as of the eight decades we've been part of American life, it's our formidable as those we have already faced. Competitive pressure endurance. The ability to adapt and change as our audiences will increase, and much of it will come from multichannel services change has kept Radio a vital and thriving part of both the outside the Radio industry. The FCC is poised to authorize advertising and everyday worlds. satellite DAB, newly launched DBS services are already offering The last I5 years alone we've seen new media options audio services, and even on -line services are moving into audio rise and often fall while the time our listeners spend with us programs. Telcos are probably not far behind. never faltered. We're part of the fabric of the American

Despite these challenges, I believe Radio will be an even lifestyle, no matter how hectic and fast -paced it becomes, stronger, more vibrant industry in the years to come. Local Radio because we go where our listeners go - in their homes, their broadcasters have learned what the American people need and cars, their offices, the street, the beach. No other medium, enjoy in their daily lives. The diversity of formats available in existing or still to come, printed on paper or wired to an today's Radio marketplace indicates that Radio offers something electrical outlet, can say the same. for virtually every listener, and industry innovators will continue We're on the brink of a technological revolution in the to seek out and develop new formats that meet the needs of media industry. DAB, RBDS, satellite Radio - all these tomorrow's audience. things will impact our industry directly, a thought which Radio has always been a very personal medium, and the Talk unsettles many broadcasters because it signals widespread format's success in recent years has magnified that feature. As change. Change, as we all know, is not always easy, but people spend more time telecommuting and less time in group those who embrace it face a world of opportunities that settings that allow for person -to -person interaction, Radio's per- those who resist can never envision. sonal nature and the sense of community it provides will only But Radio will weather these new challenges for the become more important. same reason it's already come so far so successfully. We Radio has always been successful because it's adaptable and understand the tradition in which all good Radio is rooted: pertinent as an information and entertainment source. I am serving our listeners. confident that tomorrow's Radio operator will take advantage of All of the new forms of technology on Radio's horizon, new resources, consumer trends and technology to create a better exciting though they are, are just delivery devices. The heart business and an even stronger bond with local audiences. of Radio - the part of the business that has kept us alive and The most fundamental change in Radio will come early, thriving for 75 years and at least as many more still to come when broadcasters convert to digital transmission technology. - is the relationship we have with our listeners. As long as The advent of digital transmission will open up significant new there are Radio personalities and music formats that inspire opportunities for broadcasters. The first, of course, will be vastly a sense of connection, that provoke that feeling of "They

improved sound quality, which will prove a boost to all segments know what I want to hear, " 'That's just what I was thinking" of the industry. or "This fits my mood," Radio will be alive and kicking. With digital, we will also gain the ability to provide multiple Because that's what being in Radio is all about and mass and personalized services within the same bit stream that's always will be, even 75 years from now. providing better sound. These new services may range from real - time traffic updates and other emergency announcements to technologyyet undeveloped, will be national in scope. There's an separate bit streams allocated to e-mail, paging, utility load old adage that broadcasters of the future would do well to management, and data transmissions. remember: you should dance with the one who brung ya. As long Despite all the changes the future will bring, however, the as we continue to seek out the interests of the local audiences and one constant will be Radio's local focus. All of our future competi- provide innovative services to meet their needs, Radio will be an tors, whether they be satellite DAB, telephone companies or some even more unique and stronger business 75 years from now.

EiK144 1995 /RADIO'S 75TH ANNIVERSARY www.americanradiohistory.com We've been thinking about the future.

Arid quite frankly we're pretty darn excited. Jacor

WGST WPCH Atlanta WLW WEBN WCKY WPPT Cincinnati KOA KRFX KTLK KBPI Denver WQIK WJGR WHJX' Jacksonville WMYU WWST Knoxville WFLA WFLZ WDUV* WBRD' Tampa 'Pending FCC approval

www.americanradiohistory.com RADOI

RADIO'S 75TH CELEBRATION

Radio's Premier Management & Marketing Magazine

- Our 75th Issue - B. Eric Rhoads, CRMC /CRSM 3i Publisher /Chairman

John J. Montani Bruce Buchanan Anne Snook Chief Financial and Editor Managing Editor Operations Officer

Helen R. Brown Linda Galiano Chris Whelan Marketing Consultant Marketing Consultant Sales /Marketing Assistant

Contributing Writers Bob Doll Gary Fries Eddie Fritts Michael Harrison Ron Jacobs Charles Michelson Charlotte Ottley Walter Sabo Tom Shovan

N(.146 1995/RADIO'S 75TH ANNIVFRSARY www.americanradiohistory.com It takes exceptional people to produce exceptional things! To our sponsors, supporters and contributors -it is an honor to be part of Radio history with you. - Radio Ink staff

Yvonie Harmon, CRS VI I President, Magazine Div Sion e *

Tom Elmo Linda DeMastry Chuck Renwick Production /Circulation Manager Art Director National Sales Manager

Marianne Young Shawn Deena Joan Benca Assistant Art Director Editorial Assistant Assistant to the Chairman '

Acknowledgements Sally Alexander Anne Barlow Reed Bunzel Bud Buschardt Dave Case Karen Ceda Disney Radio Jim Duncan Ben Freedman Don Hagen Peter Hammar Connie Hansel V ` Bob Harlow Eob Henabery Lisa Hodor Julie Hoover Gina Jarrin "Shotgun Tom" Kelly "` Stu Laiché John Long Jeff Mazzei Chester McKown Bill Meeks Tim Moore Howard Risk Dickie Rosenfeld Dave Scholin Bob Shannon Rick Shaw Doug Tinney Jim Turano Barry Umanski Jim West Bob Wogan

1995/RADIO'S 75TH ANNIVERSARY www.americanradiohistory.com The Most Important Book Ever Written About Radio,

In Commemoration

of Radio's TURN TO PAGE 106 FOR THE REST OF THE STORY 75th Anniversary A