DOCSLIB.ORG

The Botanic Garden by Erasmus Darwin 1St Edition Pdf, Epub, Ebook

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Botanic Garden by Erasmus Darwin 1St Edition Pdf, Epub, Ebook THE BOTANIC GARDEN BY ERASMUS DARWIN 1ST EDITION PDF, EPUB, EBOOK Adam Komisaruk | 9781315534640 | | | | | The Botanic Garden by Erasmus Darwin 1st edition PDF Book The loves of the plants. London: J. With philosophical notes. Swords, printers to the faculty of physic of Columbia College, no. Classifications Library of Congress PR Botany was, at that time, and still continues a very fashionable study. In Two Parts. PART I. Johnson in English - 4th ed. The Love of the Plants , however, while opening up the world of botany to the non-specialist and to women in particular, reinforced conventional gender stereotypes. Author of An Empire of Air and Water: Uncolonizable Space in the British Imagination, , she is currently working on a book on the politics of global ecology in the long nineteenth century. Darwin's attempt to popularize science and to convey the wonders of scientific discovery and technological innovation through poetry helped initiate a tradition of popular science writing that continues to the present day. Jackson in English. Quoting extensively from The Botanic Garden in order to damn Darwin with his own words, the satire reframes the poem as an exercise in literary and political foolishness. Swords in English - 2d American ed. Electronic resource - The first American edition. July 31, With philosophical roles. November 21, Some slight offsetting from the plates and very light foxing to a few leaves. Bookseller Inventory Ask Seller a Question. New York: Routledge, The Economy of Vegetation celebrates technological innovation, scientific discovery and offers theories concerning contemporary scientific questions, such as the history of the cosmos. The botanic garden , Garland Pub. Not in Library. The conservative Anti-Jacobin led the charge. The botanic garden Quick moves the balanced beam, of giant-birth, Wields his large limbs, and nodding shakes the earth. To the extent possible under law, the Text Creation Partnership has waived all copyright and related or neighboring rights to this keyboarded and encoded edition of the work described above, according to the terms of the CC0 1. Memoirs of the Life of Dr. Containing the Economy of vegetation. An edition of The botanic garden Johnson, printed by J. From here, Darwin elaborates the mechanics of the steam engine then primarily employed to pump water out of mines. An engraving of the medallion was used to adorn the title-page of Phillip's Voyage. The Botanic Garden; a Poem. I: xii, pp, pp, [2]; Pt. PART I. Elihu Hubbard , , ed. Donald H. Subject terms: Botany -- Poetry. Whereas the plan Small articulated in his letter focused only on the destruction of polar ice, Darwin goes a step further in envisioning how his plan might also be used to improve the climates of the tropics. Anti-Jacobins , who were opposed to the French revolution, denounced the sexual freedom gaining ground in France and linked it to the scientific projects of men like Darwin. The Botanic Garden proved immensely popular on its publication but later fell out of favor as the Anti-Jacobin took aim at its liberal politics. The Wedgwood medallion makes another appearance in this book, appearing as an engraving opposite a new reference in verse to Botany Bay, while a note describes how the Wedgwood medallion was 'made of clay from Botany Bay; to which place he sent many of them to shew the inhabitants what their material would do, and to encourage their industry. Much of The Economy of Vegetation deals with mining and the use of minerals. The botanic garden: a poem, in two parts: Part I. NOTE I. The Botanic Garden by Erasmus Darwin 1st edition Writer Part I. Download for print-disabled. While Darwin elsewhere attributes sublime characteristics to more typical Romantic subjects, such as glaciers and volcanoes, at moments such as these, he grants human inventions—and by extension, humans themselves—a similarly sublime power to shape the world in which they dwell. Murphy Grimshaw with his bookplate on the paste-down and another ownership signature on the second title. Johnson in English - 4th ed. Grabo, Carl. Quick moves the balanced beam, of giant-birth, Wields his large limbs, and nodding shakes the earth. Botany -- Poetry. British Newspapers II: vii, [1errata], pp. A list of the present plates is available upon request. Referred to in Canto II. November 28, New York: Scribner, Darwin would take his materialism even further in The Economy of Vegetation and The Temple of Nature , works that have been called atheistic. From the library of William H. Times 18th Cent. This waiver does not extend to any page images or other supplementary files associated with this work, which may be protected by copyright or other license restrictions. Ask Seller a Question. Half calf and contemporary marbled boards; some offsetting from the plates, minor browning, otherwise an excellent copy with some leaves unopened. Johnson Microform in English. Throughout his brief career, Shelley would continue to return to the themes and imagery of Darwinian scientific poetry. The botanic garden: a poem, in two parts , T. Reality of Heaven! Encouraged, Darwin published the complete version of The Botanic Garden in , this time including a rhyming overview of the state of natural and physical science in The Economy of Vegetation. Visit Seller's Storefront. Six rival youths, with soft concern impress'd, Calm all her fears, and charm her cares to rest. The botanic garden: a poem, in two parts. Cadell, Jackson, ; Darwin , grandfather to Charles Darwin, was a famed eccentric in an age of unusual men, an inventor, writer, natural historian, and friend or sometimes enemy of many great men of his time including Blake, Rousseau and Dr. Indeed, in some nineteenth-century commentary on Darwin, poetry and geoengineering are virtually conflated. The Botanic Garden by Erasmus Darwin 1st edition Reviews PART I. Johnson Microform in English - The third edition. There is also no representation of the marriage market, divorce or adultery with one exception ; the poem is largely pastoral. Jay, Mike. London: J. However, as in Queen Mab , Shelley looks forward in Prometheus Unbound to a utopian moment in which harmony is restored to the universe. Part I. According to Buffon, the Earth was slowly but steadily cooling, and in about ninety-three thousand years would be too cold to support life. Suggesting the passing of a single day, The Loves of the Plants is divided into four cantos , all written in heroic couplets. Reaction to the complete version of The Botanic Garden was initially quite positive. Boston: Littell, Ruskin, John. Elihu Hubbard , , ed. For much of the later nineteenth and twentieth centuries, if literary critics mentioned The Botanic Garden at all, they presented it as a poem best forgotten. While Darwin elsewhere attributes sublime characteristics to more typical Romantic subjects, such as glaciers and volcanoes, at moments such as these, he grants human inventions—and by extension, humans themselves—a similarly sublime power to shape the world in which they dwell. To the extent possible under law, the Text Creation Partnership has waived all copyright and related or neighboring rights to this keyboarded and encoded edition of the work described above, according to the terms of the CC0 1. Namespaces Article Talk. Referred to in Canto II. Darwin did not see a distinction between nature and culture; industrialization and technological progress were part of a single evolutionary process. Electronic resource - The first American edition. Johnson, Author: Darwin, Erasmus, Johnson Microform in English. Subject terms: Botany -- Poetry. Publisher: Printed for J. This book is best known as a precursor to the work of his famous grandson in propounding a sort-of evolutionary theory. Seward, Anna. The botanic garden: a poem, in two parts : part 1. The botanic garden: A poem, in two parts. However, they were not meant to conjure up images of gods or heroes; rather, the anthropomorphized images of the plants depict more ordinary images. The Wedgwood medallion makes another appearance in this book, appearing as an engraving opposite a new reference in verse to Botany Bay, while a note describes how the Wedgwood medallion was 'made of clay from Botany Bay; to which place he sent many of them to shew the inhabitants what their material would do, and to encourage their industry. Visit Seller's Storefront Association Member. Part II. Add to bookbag. A Paris: Impr. The botanic garden. PART I. Check all categories that are of interest to you. Add links. Buffon, Georges Louis Leclerc, comte de. London: C. In two parts. Johnson in English. In it was in a fourth edition as The Botanic Garden; A Poem in Two Parts at a smaller and more affordable octavo size, and this was another best-seller. Willis, In Economy , Darwin proposes that, rather than watch their agriculturally based societies freeze, European nations instead send their navies to drag icebergs into tropical waters. Smellie, William, trans. The Botanic Garden by Erasmus Darwin 1st edition Read Online A believer in Enlightenment ideals, he wanted not only to participate in scientific discovery but also to disseminate its new knowledge in an accessible format. This book is best known as a precursor to the work of his famous grandson in propounding a sort-of evolutionary theory. Bookseller Inventory Ask Seller a Question. William Hone. Loading Related Books. Times 18th Cent. Darwin's first major literary work, and the chief source of his fame during his lifetime. Johnson in English - 3rd ed. One of the first popular science books, the intent of The Botanic Garden is to pique readers' interest in science while educating them at the same time. Darwin did not see a distinction between nature and culture; industrialization and technological progress were part of a single evolutionary process.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Erasmus Darwin - Poems
    Classic Poetry Series Erasmus Darwin - poems - Publication Date: 2012 Publisher: Poemhunter.com - The World's Poetry Archive Erasmus Darwin(12 December 1731 – 18 April 1802) Erasmus Darwin was an English physician who turned down George III's invitation to be a physician to the King. One of the key thinkers of the Midlands Enlightenment, he was also a natural philosopher, physiologist, abolitionist, inventor and poet. His poems included much natural history, including a statement of evolution and the relatedness of all forms of life. He was a member of the Darwin–Wedgwood family, which includes his grandsons Charles Darwin and Francis Galton. Darwin was also a founding member of the Lunar Society of Birmingham, a discussion group of pioneering industrialists and natural philosophers. <b>Early Life</b> Born at Elston Hall, Nottinghamshire near Newark-on-Trent, England, the youngest of seven children of Robert Darwin of Elston (12 August 1682–20 November 1754), a lawyer, and his wife Elizabeth Hill (1702–1797). The name Erasmus had been used by a number of his family and derives from his ancestor Erasmus Earle, Common Sergent of England under Oliver Cromwell. His siblings were: Robert Darwin (17 October 1724–4 November 1816) Elizabeth Darwin (15 September 1725–8 April 1800) William Alvey Darwin (3 October 1726–7 October 1783) Anne Darwin (12 November 1727–3 August 1813) Susannah Darwin (10 April 1729–29 September 1789) John Darwin, rector of Elston (28 September 1730–24 May 1805) He was educated at Chesterfield Grammar School, then later at St John's College, Cambridge. He obtained his medical education at the University of Edinburgh Medical School.
    [Show full text]
  • A Twist in the Tale of “The Tyger”
    MINUTE PARTICULAR A Twist in the Tale of “The Tyger” Desmond King-Hele Blake/An Illustrated Quarterly, Volume 23, Issue 2, Fall 1989, pp. 104-106 PAGE 104 BLAKE/AN ILLUSTRATED QUARTERLY FALL 1989 comprehension and expanse of thought which at once fills the whole mind, and of which the first effect is sudden astonishment, and the A Twist in the Tale of "The Tyger" second rational admiration." Here is a sampling of similar contem­ porary opinions: "The sublime . takes possession of our attention, Desmond King­Hele and of all our faculties, and absorbs them in astonishment"; "[the sublime] imports such ideas presented to the mind, as raise it to an uncommon degree of elevation, and fill it with admiration and astonishment"; "objects exciting terror are . in general sublime; Most readers of "The Tyger" have their own ideas of its for terror always implies astonishment, occupies the whole soul, meaning: I shall not be adding my own interpretation, and suspends all its motions." See, respectively, Works of Joseph but merely offering a factual record of minute particu­ Addison, 6 vols. (London: T. Cadell and W. Davies, 1811) 4: 340; lars, by pointing to a number of verbal parallels with Samuel Johnson, "The Life of Cowley," Lives of the English Poets, ed. George Birkbeck Hill, 3 vols. (1905; Oxford: Clarendon P; New Erasmus Darwin's The Botanic Garden. A few of these York: Octagon Books, 1967) 1: 20­21; James Usher, Clio: Or, a Dis­ were given in my book Erasmus Darwin and the Roman­ course on Taste, 2nd ed. (London: T.
    [Show full text]
  • Globalizing the Routes of Breadfruit and Other Bounties
    http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/journal_of_colonialism_and_colonial_history/v008/8.3deloughrey.html Globalizing the Routes of Breadfruit and Other Bounties Journal of Colonialism and Colonial History 8:3 | © 2008 Elizabeth DeLoughrey Globalizing the Routes of Breadfruit and Other Bounties Elizabeth DeLoughrey Cornell University 1. The eighteenth-century British quest for Tahitian breadfruit and the subsequent mutiny on the Bounty have produced a remarkable narrative legacy of maritime romance and revolution in print, film and the popular imagination. William Bligh’s first attempt to transport the Tahitian breadfruit to the Caribbean slave colonies in 1789 resulted in a well-known mutiny orchestrated by his first mate Fletcher Christian, the pursuit, capture, and court martial of the mutineers who returned to Tahiti, and the flight of Christian and his colleagues to Pitcairn Island where they established a troubled society of Europeans and Tahitians. As a historical narrative rehearsed almost exclusively on the Pacific stage, the breadfruit transplantation has been segregated from its Caribbean roots. Despite the loss of officers, crew, and one thousand breadfruit seedlings, the British government decided to repeat the attempt and successfully transplanted the tree to their slave colonies four years later.1 Here I focus on the colonial mania for what was popularly conceived as an icon of liberty, the breadfruit, and the British determination to transplant over three thousand of these Tahitian food trees to the Caribbean plantations to “feed the slaves.”2 Tracing the routes of the breadfruit from the Pacific to the Caribbean, I read this historical event as a globalization of the island tropics, particularly evident in human and plant migration, creolization, and consumption.
    [Show full text]
  • Blake Books, Contributed Immeasurably to the Understanding and Appreciation of the Enormous Range of Blake’S Works
    B L A K E B O O K S The Commercial Engravings of William Blake A Tribute to Gerald E. Bentley, Jr. February 2018 presented by J O H N W I N D L E A N T I Q U A R I A N B O O K S E L L E R T H E W I L L I A M B L A K E G A L L E R Y B L A K E B O O K S The Commercial Engravings of William Blake A Tribute to Gerald E. Bentley, Jr. February 2018 Blake is best known today for his independent vision and experimental methods, yet he made his living as a commercial illustrator. This exhibition shines a light on those commissioned illustrations and the surprising range of books in which they appeared. In them we see his extraordinary versatility as an artist but also flashes of his visionary self—flashes not always appreciated by his publishers. On display are the books themselves, objects that are far less familiar to his admirers today, but that have much to say about Blake the artist. The exhibition is a small tribute to Gerald E. Bentley, Jr. (1930 – 2017), whose scholarship, including the monumental bibliography, Blake Books, contributed immeasurably to the understanding and appreciation of the enormous range of Blake’s works. J O H N W I N D L E A N T I Q U A R I A N B O O K S E L L E R 49 Geary Street, Suite 205, San Francisco, CA 94108 www.williamblakegallery.com www.johnwindle.com 415-986-5826 - 2 - B L A K E B O O K S : C O M M E R C I A L I L L U S T R A T I O N Allen, Charles.
    [Show full text]
  • Erasmus Darwin's Romanticism
    Rhyme and Reason: Erasmus Darwin’s Romanticism Noel Jackson ore remarkable, it may seem, than the sudden disappearance of Mscientific poetry from the late-eighteenth-century English liter- ary landscape is the fact that it was ever widely read in the first place. “Philosophical poetry,” as it was then known, and especially the work of its most famous practitioner, Erasmus Darwin, has been scorned as a gimmicky, tedious, frequently laughable exercise. This ugly stepsister of didactic verse amalgamates poetic fancy and scientific fact, yoking versified descriptions to prose notes detailing the contemporary state of research in natural philosophy, industrial technology, botany, chem- istry, and medicine, to name only a few subjects of this poetry. In an often-cited letter to John Thelwall, Samuel Taylor Coleridge boasted of his catholic taste in poetry, professing an almost equal appreciation for “the head and fancy of Akenside, and the heart and fancy of Bowles,” among others1 — but none for such fanciful productions of the brain as Darwin’s paean to the steam engine, in part 1 of The Botanic Gar- den, The Economy of Vegetation.2 Coleridge’s disappointed wish, recorded 1 Coleridge to Thelwall, December 17, 1796, in Collected Letters of Samuel Taylor Coleridge, ed. Earl Leslie Griggs, 6 vols. (Oxford: Clarendon, 1956 – 71), 1:279. Here- after cited as STCL. Coleridge’s opinion of The Botanic Garden is concise enough: “I absolutely nauseate Darwin’s poem” (Coleridge to Thelwall, May 13, 1796, in STCL, 1:216). 2 Darwin published part 2 of the poem, The Loves of the Plants, first, in 1789.
    [Show full text]
  • Botanical Gardens in the West Indies John Parker: the Botanic Garden of the University of Cambridge Holly H
    A Publication of the Foundation for Landscape Studies A Journal of Place Volume ıı | Number ı | Fall 2006 Essay: The Botanical Garden 2 Elizabeth Barlow Rogers: Introduction Fabio Gabari: The Botanical Garden of the University of Pisa Gerda van Uffelen: Hortus Botanicus Leiden Rosie Atkins: Chelsea Physic Garden Nina Antonetti: British Colonial Botanical Gardens in the West Indies John Parker: The Botanic Garden of the University of Cambridge Holly H. Shimizu: United States Botanic Garden Gregory Long: The New York Botanical Garden Mike Maunder: Fairchild Tropical Botanic Garden Profile 13 Kim Tripp Exhibition Review 14 Justin Spring: Dutch Watercolors: The Great Age of the Leiden Botanical Garden New York Botanical Garden Book Reviews 18 Elizabeth Barlow Rogers: The Naming of Names: The Search for Order in the World of Plants By Anna Pavord Melanie L. Simo: Henry Shaw’s Victorian Landscapes: The Missouri Botanical Garden and Tower Grove Park By Carol Grove Judith B. Tankard: Maybeck’s Landscapes By Dianne Harris Calendar 22 Contributors 23 Letter from the Editor The Botanical Garden he term ‘globaliza- botanical gardens were plant species was the prima- Because of the botanical Introduction tion’ today has established to facilitate the ry focus of botanical gardens garden’s importance to soci- The Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries widespread cur- propagation and cultivation in former times, the loss of ety, the principal essay in he botanical garden is generally considered a rency. We use of new kinds of food crops species and habitats through this issue of Site/Lines treats Renaissance institution because of the establishment it to describe the and to act as holding opera- ecological destruction is a it as a historical institution in 1534 of gardens in Pisa and Padua specifically Tgrowth of multi-national tions for plants and seeds pressing concern in our as well as a landscape type dedicated to the study of plants.
    [Show full text]
  • |||GET||| the Botanic Garden by Erasmus Darwin 1St Edition
    THE BOTANIC GARDEN BY ERASMUS DARWIN 1ST EDITION DOWNLOAD FREE Adam Komisaruk | 9781315534640 | | | | | Rootenberg Rare Books & Manuscripts London: C. Memoirs of the Life of Dr. The Giant-Power [that] forms earth's remotest caves Lifts with strong arm her dark reluctant waves; Each cavern'd rock, and hidden den explores, Drags her dark Coals, and digs her shining ores. PART I. Darwin, Erasmus. By embracing Linnaeus's sexualized language, which anthropomorphizes plants, Darwin makes botany interesting and relevant to his readers, but his reliance on conventional images of women when describing plants and flowers reinforces traditional gender stereotypes. Norton, In the s and s, botany became increasingly popular in Britain because of the translation of Linnaeus's works into English. The Botanic Garden proved immensely popular on its publication but later fell out of favor as the Anti-Jacobin took aim at its liberal politics. Anti-Jacobinswho were opposed to the French revolution, denounced the sexual freedom gaining ground in France and linked it to the scientific projects of men like Darwin. January 4, History. The botanic garden: A poem, in two parts. While Darwin elsewhere attributes sublime characteristics to more typical Romantic subjects, such as glaciers and volcanoes, at moments such as these, he grants human inventions—and by extension, humans themselves—a similarly sublime power to shape the world in which they dwell. However, Darwin took this faith to an unusual extreme in The Botanic Gardenproposing that European nations stage an international intervention in a contemporary climate crisis. I: xii, pp, pp, [2]; Pt. Erasmus Darwin. From the library of William H.
    [Show full text]
  • White Abolitionism and English Women's Protest Wrtiting in the 1790S
    Coleman, Deirdre. Conspicuous Consumption: White Abolotionism and English Women's Protest Wrtiting in the 1790s. ELH 61:2 (1994), 341-362. © The Johns Hopkins University Press. Reproduced with permission of The Johns Hopkins University Press. CONSPICUOUS CONSUMPTION: WHITE ABOLITIONISM AND ENGLISH WOMEN'S PROTEST WRITING IN THE 1790s BY DEIRDRE COLEMAN In this paper I wish to examine two overlapping areas of middle-class polemic from the 1790s: white abolitionism and English women's protest writing. A certain polarization has crept into recent discussions of abolitionism, with some critics arguing that a relatively benign "cultural racism" in the eighteenth century came to be supplanted by a more aggressive biological racism.' Patrick Brantlinger, for instance, character- izes late eighteenth-century abolitionist writing as more "positive" and "open-minded" about Africa and Africans than the racist and evolution- ary accounts that were to follow in the wake of Victorian social science; in his view, the Victorians must bear responsibility for inventing the myth of Africa as the Dark ContinenL2 But while abolitionism may have taken its roots in philanthropy and a new-found enthusiasm for the universal rights of man, the many tracts it spawned contradict such a clear-cut distinction between the earlier and later periods. In its luridness and violence, late eighteenth-century anti-slavery rhetoric points directly, for instance, to the systematic colonization of Africa; it is also rich in the sorts of phobias and bogeys more commonly associated with the later nineteenth century, such as miscegenation, cannibalism, and an essen- tialist stereotyping of sex and race, such as the perception of white woman's sexuality as a form of degenerate black sexuality.
    [Show full text]
  • Erasmus Darwin's Romanticism
    Rhyme and Reason: Erasmus Darwin's Romanticism The MIT Faculty has made this article openly available. Please share how this access benefits you. Your story matters. Citation Jackson, Noel. “Rhyme and Reason: Erasmus Darwin's Romanticism.” Modern Language Quarterly 70.2 (2009): 171-194. © 2009 by University of Washington As Published http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00267929-2008-036 Publisher Duke University Press Version Final published version Citable link http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/53717 Terms of Use Article is made available in accordance with the publisher's policy and may be subject to US copyright law. Please refer to the publisher's site for terms of use. Rhyme and Reason: Erasmus Darwin’s Romanticism Noel Jackson ore remarkable, it may seem, than the sudden disappearance of Mscientific poetry from the late-eighteenth-century English liter- ary landscape is the fact that it was ever widely read in the first place. “Philosophical poetry,” as it was then known, and especially the work of its most famous practitioner, Erasmus Darwin, has been scorned as a gimmicky, tedious, frequently laughable exercise. This ugly stepsister of didactic verse amalgamates poetic fancy and scientific fact, yoking versified descriptions to prose notes detailing the contemporary state of research in natural philosophy, industrial technology, botany, chem- istry, and medicine, to name only a few subjects of this poetry. In an often-cited letter to John Thelwall, Samuel Taylor Coleridge boasted of his catholic taste in poetry, professing an almost equal appreciation for “the head and fancy of Akenside, and the heart and fancy of Bowles,” among others1 — but none for such fanciful productions of the brain as Darwin’s paean to the steam engine, in part 1 of The Botanic Gar- den, The Economy of Vegetation.2 Coleridge’s disappointed wish, recorded 1 Coleridge to Thelwall, December 17, 1796, in Collected Letters of Samuel Taylor Coleridge, ed.
    [Show full text]
  • Coleridge's 'Web of Time': the Herschels, the Darwins, and Psalm 19
    From The Coleridge Bulletin The Journal of the Friends of Coleridge New Series 28 (NS) Winter 2006 © 2006 Contributor all rights reserved http://www.friendsofcoleridge.com/Coleridge-Bulletin.htm Coleridge’s ‘Web of Time’: The Herschels, the Darwins, and ‘Psalm 19.’ Dometa Wiegand ____________________________________________________________________________________________ “Are those bright orbs,” he exclaims, “inhabitable worlds like ours? Lo, even while we gaze, one falls down the deep blue vault and vanishes away. Was a WORLD, in the inscrutable providence of the SUPREME then blotted from being? Is our universe but as a star… suddenly to fall and fade, like a transient meteor in the sky?” from “Celestial Reverie,” The Editor’s Table The Knickerbocker, 1838 HAT QUOTE shows the inculcation, in popular culture, of the move Tfrom a static cosmography of the heavens to a dynamic cosmogony. Cosmography is a general world view of the universe. Cosmogony is that world view as it is developed through time. In terms of astronomy, it is the study of the evolution of the universe. The scientific idea of the evolution of the universe developed with William Herschel’s invention of stellar astronomy. Prior to his work, astronomy meant planetary astronomy, as the science concentrated only on heavenly bodies that seemed to move. Beyond the study of the solar system, all astronomers and intellectuals from ancient times through the Renaissance reiterated the idea of the ‘fixed’ stars, the eternal, perfect, realm of God. The Ptolemaic view of the heavens in the middle ages had circles extending from the earth out in perfect spheres; in the Renaissance the geocentric views were displaced.
    [Show full text]
  • Western Botanical Gardens: History and Evolution
    5 Western Botanical Gardens: History and Evolution Donald A. Rakow Section of Horticulture School of Integrative Plant Science Cornell College of Agriculture and Life Sciences Ithaca, NY USA Sharon A. Lee Sharon Lee and Associates Swarthmore, PA USA ABSTRACT Dedicated to promoting an understanding of plants and their importance, the modern Western botanical garden addresses this mission through the establish- ment of educational programs, display and interpretation of collections, and research initiatives. The basic design and roles of the contemporary institution, however, can be traced to ancient Egypt, Persia, Greece, and Rome, where important elements emerged that would evolve over the centuries: the garden as walled and protected sanctuary, the garden as an organized space, and plants as agents of healing. In the Middle Ages, those concepts expanded to become the hortus conclusus, the walled monastery gardens where medicinal plants were grown. With intellectual curiosity at its zenith in the Renaissance, plants became subjects to be studied and shared. In the 16th and 17th centuries, botanical gardens in western Europe were teaching laboratories for university students studying medicine, botany, and what is now termed pharmacology. The need to teach students how to distinguish between medicinally active plants and poisonous plants led the first professor of botany in Europe, Francesco Bonafede, to propose the creation of the Orto botanico in Padua. Its initial curator was among the first to take plant collecting trips throughout Europe. Not to be Horticultural Reviews, Volume 43, First Edition. Edited by Jules Janick. 2015 Wiley-Blackwell. Published 2015 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 269 270 D.
    [Show full text]
  • Specimen Poetics: Botany, Reanimation, and the Romantic Collection
    Porter, D. (2017) Specimen poetics: botany, reanimation, and the Romantic collection. Representations, 139(1), pp. 60-94. (doi:10.1525/rep.2017.139.1.60) Published as: Porter, D. (2017) Specimen poetics: botany, reanimation, and the Romantic collection. Representations, 139(1), pp. 60-94. © [2017] by the Regents of the University of California. Copying and permissions notice: Authorization to copy this content beyond fair use (as specified in Sections 107 and 108 of the U. S. Copyright Law) for internal or personal use, or the internal or personal use of specific clients, is granted by the Regents of the University of California for libraries and other users, provided that they are registered with and pay the specified fee via Rightslink® or directly with the Copyright Clearance Center. http://eprints.gla.ac.uk/135976/ Deposited on: 06 July 2017 Enlighten – Research publications by members of the University of Glasgow http://eprints.gla.ac.uk DAHLIA PORTER Specimen Poetics: Botany, Reanimation, and the Romantic Collection I TISNOWCOMMONPLACETOsay that the canon wars of the 1980s and early 1990s provoked changes to anthologies in the following decades.1 What we read in the Norton, Blackwell, or Broadview anthologies of British or American literature is not what we read thirty years ago. The change has been characterized as a movement away from aesthetic criteria— Matthew Arnold’s famous ‘‘the best which has been thought and said in the world’’—to a more representative selection, one that conveys the diverse literary landscape of a defined historical period or national tradition.2 In the 1990s, space opened for underrepresented authors, genres, historical moments, and worldviews; John Milton and William Wordsworth now min- gle with Anne Finch and Olaudah Equiano, appearing alongside anony- mous popular ballads, snippets of periodical essays, excerpts from novels, and a smattering of letters and speeches—varied content that projects an overall tilt toward diversity of matter, form, and authorial identity.
    [Show full text]