Local Community Participation in Tourism in Siau Island, Sitaro District, North Sulawesi, Indonesia
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South Asian Journal of Social Studies and Economics 8(3): 1-12, 2020; Article no.SAJSSE.62470 ISSN: 2581-821X Local Community Participation in Tourism in Siau Island, Sitaro District, North Sulawesi, Indonesia Ramon Hurdawaty1*, Vanessa Mikha Elsa1 and Dewi Ayu Kusumaningrum1 1Department of Tourism, Sahid Polytechnic, Jakarta, Indonesia. Authors’ contributions This work was carried out in collaboration among all authors. All authors read and approved the final manuscript. Article Information DOI: 10.9734/SAJSSE/2020/v8i330210 Editor(s): (1) Dr. John M. Polimeni, Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, New York. Reviewers: (1) Mu Zhang Shenzhen, Jinan University, People’s Republic of China. (2) Slusariuc Gabriela Corina, University of Petrosani, Romania. (3) Zasornova Iryna, Khmelnytskyi National University, Ukraine. Complete Peer review History: http://www.sdiarticle4.com/review-history/62470 Received 28 August 2020 Original Research Article Accepted 03 November 2020 Published 11 November 2020 ABSTRACT This research aims to determine the role played by local communities in developing tourism on the island of Siau and also to find out how the government moves local people in the tourism sector. The research method used is qualitative research with descriptive methods. The data collection technique used interviews with several informants to the local community, members of the Sitaro Nature Lovers Community (KOMPAS), the Chairperson of the DPC Sitaro Indonesian Tourism Association and to the government, namely the Head of the Tourism and Culture Office of Siau Regency, Tagulandang Biaro (Sitaro). From the results of the research, there is participation by local communities in tourism on Siau Island in the form of selling food near tourist objects, maintaining tourist objects and maintaining cleanliness. The local community is also involved in the development of tourism on Siau Island. The government's role in mobilizing local communities to help in the tourism sector is still not optimal because there are still tourist objects that have not been optimally managed. Keywords: Participation; tourism development; community based tourism; Siau Island. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________ *Corresponding author: Email: [email protected]; Hurdawaty et al.; SAJSSE, 8(3): 1-12, 2020; Article no.SAJSSE.62470 1. INTRODUCTION a community that must exist in every tourist attraction area. Pokdarwis can assist the The Indonesian government continues to strive government by providing input for tourism to develop tourism in every region in Indonesia, development in tourist attraction areas. However, specially the province of North Sulawesi. North on the island of Siau, there is no known Sulawesi Province consists of districts where Pokdarwis. each district has its own island called the Sitaro Islands Regency. Sitaro Islands Regency is an This study aims to: a) determine the role played abbreviation of Siau Tagulandang Biaro with a by local communities in developing tourism in capital named Ondong on the island of Siau. Siau Island; b) knowing how the government can This area has potential in various sectors such mobilize local people in the tourism sector. as plantations and tourism. Making an area a tourist destination that requires good planning 2. BRIEF REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE and monitoring of strategic factors, so that a good strategy in developing the tourism sector is 2.1 Tourism to increase revenue from the Regional Original Revenue sector and can see the impact of the Pendit [2] defines tourism as a new type of impact on the development of the regional industry that is capable of producing rapid tourism sector in the future. Below is a table of economic growth in the provision of employment, the size of the Sitaro islands. increasing levels of living standards and stimulating other productivity sectors. Table 1. Wide range of areas in the Sitaro Islands The whole tourism phenomenon carried out by the tourists, including various facilities and Sub-district Wide (Km2) % services provided by entrepreneurs, the Biaro 20,85 7,56 community and the government, as well as Tagulandang Selatan 21,63 7,84 related businesses in this field, be defined in Tagulandang 55,53 20,12 terms of tourism. The interactions that occur Tagulandang Utara 17,92 6,49 holistically by the tourists who travel within the Siau Barat Selatan 15,10 5,47 scope of tourism and are multidimensional and Siau Timur Selatan 24,06 8,72 multidisciplinary in nature which appears as a Siau Barat 34,92 12,65 form of the special needs (special interests) of a Siau Tengah 11,80 4,28 person or country which is defined as defined by Siau Timur 55,94 20,27 the above description, represented symbolically Siau Barat Utara 18,20 6,60 with the definition of tourism [3]. Source: BPS Kab. Kepl. Siau Tagulandang Biaro [1] According to The United Nations World Tourism Even though Siau Islands or Siau Island is a Organization (UNWTO) [4], Tourism is a social, small island, it has several areas, namely South cultural and economic phenomenon which entails West Siau, South East Siau, West Siau, Central the movement of people to countries or places Siau, East Siau, North West Siau. Siau Island outside their usual environment for personal or has considerable natural potential, with various business/professional purposes. These people tourist objects such as marine tourism, mountain are called visitors (which may be either tourists tourism, historical lake tourism, cultural tourism, or excursionists; residents or non-residents) and culinary tourism, and agro tourism. tourism has to do with their activities, some of which imply tourism expenditure. The Community-based tourism is tourism whose people have an important and major role in According to Yoeti [5], in tourism there are three tourism development. Community participation is core elements must be possessed, namely: a form of responsibility, awareness and concern for the importance of development to change and a. Accessibility improve people's lives. Included in this group are airports, Forms of local community participation in ports, terminals, roads, bridges, advancing areas of tourist attraction include telecommunications, or transportation, power being involved in the Pokdarwis community plants and clean water supplies. All (Tourism Awareness Group). Pokdarwis itself is infrastructure makes it easy for tourists to 2 Hurdawaty et al.; SAJSSE, 8(3): 1-12, 2020; Article no.SAJSSE.62470 come to visit a tourist destination, without it is Participation encourages people to take impossible for tourism to be developed as an responsibility for an activity because what industry. they contribute is based on volunteerism so that a sense of responsibility arises to the b. Amenities organization. Namely all forms of facilities that provide For the development of community participation, services for tourists for all their needs while it is necessary to have a basic understanding of staying or visiting a tourist destination, such the level of participation. According to Cohen and as hotels, restaurants, shopping centers, Uphoff quoted by Soetomo [9] dividing souvenir shops, banks and money changers. community participation in development into 4 levels, namely: c. Attractions a. Participation in planning which is All objects and attractions that are available manifested by the participation of the as attractions, including natural resources, community in meetings. The extent to cultural resources, theme parks, sports which the community is involved in the activities and events. Attractions must meet process of formulating and determining three conditions, namely what can be seen development programs and the extent to (something to see); what can be done which the community contributes (something to do); and what can be bought ideas in the form of suggestions for (something to buy). development. b. Participation in implementation with a 2.2 Society Participation tangible form of participation in the form : participation in the form of labor, Participation in the large Indonesian dictionary is participation in the form of money, the act of taking part, taking part or taking part. participation in the form of assets. According to Juliantara [6], participation is c. Participation in the utilization of results, defined as the involvement of every citizen who which is manifested in someone's has the right to make decisions, either directly or involvement in the utilization stage of a through the intermediation of legitimate project after the project is completed institutions that represent their interests, public Community participation at this level is in participation is freedom, speech and constructive the form of manpower and money to participation. Meanwhile, according to Isbandi [7] operate and maintain a project that has community participation is community been built. participation in the process of identifying d. Participation in evaluation, which is problems and potentials in the community, manifested in the form of community selecting and making decisions about alternative participation in assessing and supervising solutions to deal with problems, implementing development activities and their results. efforts to overcome problems and community This assessment is carried out directly, for involvement in the process of evaluating changes example by participating in monitoring and that occur. evaluating or indirectly, for example providing suggestions, criticisms