DOCSLIB.ORG

Human Anatomy Synopsis: Thorax, Abdomen, Pelvis

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Human Anatomy Synopsis: Thorax, Abdomen, Pelvis GERARD GORNIAK & WILLIAM CONRAD HUMAN ANATOMY SYNOPSIS: THORAX, ABDOMEN, PELVIS Download free eBooks at bookboon.com 2 Human Anatomy Synopsis: Thorax, Abdomen, Pelvis 1st edition © 2018 Gerard Gorniak & William Conrad & bookboon.com ISBN 978-87-403-2213-2 Peer reviewers: Dr. Ed Kane, the University of St Augustine San Diego Dr. Hilmir Augustsson, University of St Augustine Miami Download free eBooks at bookboon.com 3 HUMAN ANATOMY SYNOPSIS: THORAX, ABDOMEN, PELVIS CONTENTS CONTENTS Preface 7 1 Thoracic Cage 8 1.1 Boundaries 8 1.2 Osteology 8 1.3 Muscles of the Thorax 16 1.4 Intercostal Nerves (Fig. 1-13) 30 1.5 Intercostal Arteries and Veins (Figs. 1-13, 1-16, 1-17) 31 2 The Lungs 35 2.1 The Pleura (Fig. 2-2) 36 2.2 Lobes of the Lung (Figs 2-3, 2-4) 38 2.3 Pulmonary Vessels (Figs. 2-9, 2-10) 45 Free eBook on Learning & Development By the Chief Learning Officer of McKinsey Download Now Download free eBooks at bookboon.com Click on the ad to read more 4 HUMAN ANATOMY SYNOPSIS: THORAX, ABDOMEN, PELVIS CONTENTS 3 Heart 49 3.1 Mediastinum (Fig. 3-1) 49 3.2 Pericardium (Fig. 3-2) 51 3.3 Heart Overview (Fig. 3-3) 51 3.4 Structure of Arteries and Veins (Fig. 15-14) 67 4 Superior And Posterior Mediastina 72 4.1 Superior Mediastinum 72 4.2 Posterior Mediastinum 76 5 Abdominal Wall 84 5.1 Boundaries 84 5.2 Abdominal Planes (Table 4.1 and Fig. 4-1) 84 5.3 Anterior and Lateral Abdominal Walls 87 5.4 Inguinal Region (Figs. 4-3, 4-4, 4-7, 4-8) 95 5.5 Posterior Abdominal Wall (Figs. 4-10, 4-11, 4-12) 99 6 Abdominal Viscera 105 6.1 Peritoneum (Fig. 5-1) 105 6.2 Abdominal Organ Overview (Fig. 5-3) 107 6.3 Liver (Figs. 5-3, 5-4, 5-5, 5-6, 5-7, 5-9) 108 6.4 Gallbladder (Figs. 5-3, 5-4, 5-7, 5-8, 5-9) 114 6.5 Pancreas (Figs. 5-3, 5-7, 5-8, 5-9) 116 6.6 Spleen (Figs. 5-7, 5-10, 5-13) 119 6.7 Esophagus (Figs. 5-3, 5-5, 5-10) 119 6.8 Stomach (Figs. 5-3, 5-6, 5-7, 5-9, 5-10, 5-11) 119 6.9 Small Intestine 122 6.10 Large Intestine (Figs. 5-2, 5-11, 5-12) 125 6.11 Kidneys (Figs. 5-13, 5-14, 5-15, 5-16) 127 6.12 Suprarenal Glands (Figs. 5-13, 5-14) 131 6.13 Abdominal Arteries (Figs. 5-9, 5-12, 5-11, 5-12, 5-17, 5-18) 133 6.14 Systemic Abdominal Veins (Fig. 5-19) 137 7 Pelvis 140 7.1 Bony Pelvis Osteology (Fig. 6-1) 140 7.2 Pelvic Boundaries (Fig. 6-1) 143 7.3 Contents 144 7.4 Pelvic Diaphragm (Fig. 6-4) 144 7.5 Pelvic Arteries (Figs. 6-6, 6-7) 149 7.6 Pelvic Nerves 151 Download free eBooks at bookboon.com 5 HUMAN ANATOMY SYNOPSIS: THORAX, ABDOMEN, PELVIS CONTENTS 7.7 Sacral Plexus (Figs. 1-15, 1-16) 154 7.8 Urinary Bladder (Figs. 6-9, 6-16, 6-17, 6-18, 6-20, 6-22, 6-23) 160 7.9 Pelvic Organ Support Structures (Table 6.1, Figs. 6-15, 6-16, 6-17) 161 7.10 Male Reproductive System (Figs. 6-18, 6-19, 6-20, 6-21) 170 7.12 Female Reproductive System (Figs. 6-22, 6-23, 6-24, 6-25) 176 8 Perineum 182 8.1 Boundaries (Fig. 7-1) 182 8.2 Anal Triangle (Figs. 7-1, 7-2, 7-3, 7-4) 183 8.3 Urogenital Triangle (Figs. 7-1, 7-2, 7-3, 7-4, 7-5, 7-6) 188 Study Question Answers 194 References 210 Download free eBooks at bookboon.com 6 HUMAN ANATOMY SYNOPSIS: THORAX, ABDOMEN, PELVIS PREFACE PREFACE This is one of a series of 4 Human Anatomy Synopses that are based on over 40 years of Anatomy course notes used in the graduate education of health care professions. This series started as a detailed content outline for a course developed for medical students back in 1983. Since that time, it has undergone many revisions and additions. In 2008 and 2014, text and illustrations were reviewed and revised, and study sections were added throughout the text. In 2017, the 4 Synopses were developed, and the text and illustrations formatted to be used by students as a supplement to anatomy courses. The 4 Human Anatomy Synopses in this series are: Spine and Neck, Axilla and Upper Limb, Pelvic Girdle and Low Limb, and Thorax, Abdomen, and Pelvis. This THORAX, ABDOMEN, AND PELVIS SYNPOSIS contains the organs of the Thorax, Abdomen and Pelvis, and the thoracic, abdominal and pelvic arteries, veins, and nerves. There are numerous drawings and dissection photographs. In this Synopsis, major structures are CAPTILIZED. This feature allows students to make a study outline by linking together these words under each title or subtitle. After each content area, there are short answer Study Questions to help students relate and apply the anatomy. The answers to these questions are included at the end of the Synopsis. These Synopses are only possible because of the works of the many anatomists and other basic scientists as well as numerous clinicians who have contributed to our knowledge and understanding of the human body. I am most grateful to them for sharing what they learned. I am also grateful to the many students who over the years, have made comments and suggestions about the content of this work. I am also grateful to Drs. Hilmir Augustsson, Jeff Rot, Ed Kane, Sue Curfman, Jim Viti, and Mrs. Jackie Nelson and to the University of St Augustine for Health Sciences for help with this publication. This book is dedicated to all those people who have so generously donated their body to science so that we may learn. Thank you for the unselfish gift of yourself to others. May God bless you for your contribution to mankind. Unless otherwise indicated, all materials on these pages are copyrighted. All rights reserved. No part of these pages, either text or image may be used for any purpose other than personal use. Therefore, reproduction, modification, storage in a retrieval system or retransmission, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical or otherwise, for reasons other than personal use, is strictly prohibited without prior written permission. Download free eBooks at bookboon.com 7 HUMAN ANATOMY SYNOPSIS: THORAX, ABDOMEN, PELVIS THORACIC CAGE 1 THORACIC CAGE 1.1 BOUNDARIES • THORAX is commonly referred to as the CHEST. • Anterior: MAMMARY GLANDS, PECTORAL MAJOR AND MINOR MUSCLES, the STERNUM and the COSTAL CARTILAGES. • Posterior: 12 THORACIC VERTEBRAE, posterior part of the 12 RIBS, the INTERCOSTAL MUSCLES, ILIOCOSTALIS LUMBORUM AND THORACIS, LONGISSIMUS THORACIS, LEVATOR COSTARUM, SERRATUS POSTERIOR, SUPERIOR AND INFERIOR MUSCLES. • Lateral: RIBS, INTERCOSTAL MUSCLES, SERRATUS ANTERIOR, ABDOMINAL MUSCLES. • Superior: FIRST RIB and SUPERIOR THORACIC APERTURE. • Inferior: DIAPHRAGM and INFERIOR THORACIC APERTURE. 1.2 OSTEOLOGY STERNUM ○ Three parts: MANUBRIUM, BODY, and XIPHOID PROCESS (Fig. 1-1). ○ Notches of manubrium. 1) a CLAVICULAR NOTCH for the articulation of the medial clavicle. 2) a COSTAL NOTCH for the attachment of the costal cartilage of the first rib. ○ STERNAL ANGLE where manubrium and superior body connect and the costal cartilage of the second rib attaches a costal notch. ○ COSTAL NOTCHES on the body of the sternum for the attachment of the costal cartilages from ribs three to six. ○ XIPHISTERNAL JOINT where the body of the sternum joins the xiphoid process. Download free eBooks at bookboon.com 8 HUMAN ANATOMY SYNOPSIS: THORAX, ABDOMEN, PELVIS THORACIC CAGE Fig. 1-1. Thorax: Drawings of A) an anterior view of the thoracic cage showing the ribs, sternum and costal cartilage and B) lateral view of a rib and its articulation with a vertebra and the sternum. (Modified from Gray 1918) RIBS ○ 12 PAIRS of ribs (Fig. 1-1). ○ TRUE RIBS are the upper seven pairs of ribs attach directly to the sternum. ○ FALSE RIBS are the lower five pairs of ribs. Download free eBooks at bookboon.com 9 HUMAN ANATOMY SYNOPSIS: THORAX, ABDOMEN, PELVIS THORACIC CAGE ○ FLOATING RIBS are ribs 11 and 12. ○ Costal cartilage of ribs eight, nine and ten attaches to the rib above and not directly to the sternum. ○ Ribs 11 and 12 have no costal cartilage and do not attach to other ribs. Fig. 1-2. Thorax: (Top) posterior aspect of a typical rib and (Bottom) the superior surface of the first rib. 1. Neck of rib, 2. Angle of rib, 3. Costal groove, 4. Anterior costal notch, 5. Costal tubercle, 6. Head of rib, 7. Inferior demifacet for vertebra, 8. Crest of rib head for intervertebral disc, 9. Superior demifacet for vertebra. (Modifies from Gray’s 1918) ○ RIBS 3 THROUGH 10 the same basic configuration(Figs. 1-1, 1-2) ANTERIOR COSTAL NOTCH for the attachment of the costal cartilage. HEAD of ribs 3-9 has two articular surfaces to articulate with the vertebral bodies above and below the rib and the CREST that attaches to of the intervertebral disc. Rib 10 has only one articular surface and no crest. COSTAL TUBERCLE that articulates with the transverse process of the vertebrae. Download free eBooks at bookboon.com 10 HUMAN ANATOMY SYNOPSIS: THORAX, ABDOMEN, PELVIS THORACIC CAGE NECK lies between the head of the rib and its tubercle and the BODY. BODY extends from the neck to the anterior costal notch and has a COSTAL GROOVE for the INTERCOSTAL NERVE and VESSELS.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Introduction to Anatomy of the Abdomen the Region Between: Diaphragm and Pelvis
    Introduction to Anatomy of the Abdomen The region between: Diaphragm and pelvis. Boundaries: • Roof: Diaphragm • Posterior: Lumbar vertebrae, muscles of the posterior abdominal wall • Infrerior: Continuous with the pelvic cavity, superior pelvic aperture • Anterior and lateral: Muscles of the anterior abdominal wall Topography of the Abdomen (PLANES)..1/2 TRANSVERSE PLANES • Transpyloric plane : tip of 9th costal cartilages; pylorus of stomach, L1 vertebra level. • Subcostal plane: tip of 10th costal cartilages, L2-L3 vertebra. • Transtubercular plane: L5 tubercles if iliac crests; L5 vertebra level. • Interspinous plane: anterior superior iliac spines; promontory of sacrum Topography of the Abdomen (PLANES)..2/2 VERTICAL PLANES • Mid-clavicular plane: midpoint of clavicle- mid-point of inguinal ligament. • Semilunar line: lateral border of rectus abdominis muscle. Regions of the Abdomen..1/2 4 2 5 9 regions: • Umbilical (1) 8 1 9 • Epigastric (2) • Hypogastric (Suprapubic) (3) • Right hypochondriacum (4) 6 3 7 • Left hypochondrium (5) • Right Iliac (Inguinal) (6) • Left Iliac (Inguinal) (7) • Right lumbar (8) • Left lumbar (9) Regions of the Abdomen..2/2 1 2 4 Quadrants: • Upper right quadrant (1) 3 4 • Upper left quadrant (2) • Lower right quadrant (3) • Lower left quadrant (4) Dermatomes Skin innervation: • lower 5 intercostal nerves • Subcostal nerve • L1 spinal nerve (ilioinguinal+iliohypogastric nerves). Umbilical region skin = T10 Layers of Anterior Abdominal Wall Skin Fascia: • Superficial fascia: • Superficial fatty layer(CAMPER’S
    [Show full text]
  • Anatomy of Abdominal Incisions
    ANATOMY FOR THE MRCS but is time-consuming. A lower midline incision is needed for an Anatomy of abdominal emergency Caesarean section (where minutes may be crucial for baby and mother). The surgeon must also be sure of the pathol- incisions ogy before performing this approach. Close the Pfannenstiel and start again with a lower midline if the ‘pelvic mass’ proves to be Harold Ellis a carcinoma of the sigmoid colon! There are more than one dozen abdominal incisions quoted in surgical textbooks, but the ones in common use today (and which the candidate must know in detail) are discussed below. The midline incision (Figures 1–4) Opening the abdomen is the essential preliminary to the per- formance of a laparotomy. A correctly performed abdominal The midline abdominal incision has many advantages because it: exposure is based on sound anatomical knowledge, hence it is a • is very quick to perform common question in the Operative Surgery section of the MRCS • is relatively easy to close examination. • is virtually bloodless (no muscles are cut or nerves divided). • affords excellent access to the abdominal cavity and retroperi- toneal structures Incisions • can be extended from the xiphoid to the pubic symphysis. Essential features If closure is performed using the mass closure technique, pros- The surgeon needs ready and direct access to the organ requir- pective randomized clinical trials have shown no difference in ing investigation and treatment, so the incision must provide the incidence of wound dehiscence or incisional hernia com- sufficient room for the procedure to be performed. The incision pared with transverse or paramedian incisions.1 should (if possible): The upper midline incision is placed exactly in the midline • be capable of easy extension (to allow for any enlargement of and extends from the tip of the xiphoid to about 1 cm above the scope of the operation) the umbilicus.
    [Show full text]
  • Development and Teratology of Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems
    Development and teratology of cardiovascular and lymphatic systems Repetition: Muscle tissue Beginning of the cardiovascular system development – the 3rd week: Hemangiogenesis (day 15 – 16) – blood islets (insulae sanguinae) in extraembryonic mesoderm and splanchnic mesenchyme of embryo Clusters of mesenchyme cells (angiogenic cells) differentiate into: - angioblasts endothelium (at the periphery of blood islets) - hemoblasts primitive erythrocytes (in the center of blood islets) Clusters of angiogenic cells form a "horseshoe-shaped" space between somatic and splanchnic layer of mesoderm = pericardial cavity. Two endothelial tubes arrise in splanchnic mesoderm. The ventral portion of these tubes forms the cardiogenic area with two heart tubes, while the lateral portions form the dorsal aortae. Germ disc: prosencephalon mesencephalon eye rhombencephalon heart lateral mesoderm somites small blood vessels blood islands 8,9 Spine primitive streak Initially, the cardiogenic area is located anterior to the prechordal plate and the neural plate. The growth of the central nervous system pulls the cardiogenic area and prechordal plate (buccopharyngeal membrane ventrally and caudally ( ). Cardiogenic region just cranial to the prechordal plate. The canalization of cardiogenic clusters in the splanchnic mesoderm results in the formation of the paired heart tubes. Folding of embryo and primitive gut separation from yolk sac. Fusion of the heart tubes a single heart tube is, temporarily attached to the dorsal side of the pericardial cavity by the
    [Show full text]
  • Model Keys Unit 1
    Model Keys This section will supply you with the keys to several of the models found in the anatomy lab and the learning center. This does not include all the models. After the model keys in this section you will find keys to most of the Nystrom charts. In the anatomy lab there is a reference shelve that contains binders with the keys to most models, torsos and the Nystrom charts. Keys to some of the models are actually attached to the model. Chart keys can also be found either right on the chart or posted next to the chart. Unit 1 Numbered Skull (with colored numbers): g. internal occipital crest a. third molar (inside) b. incisive canal h. clivus (inside) c. infraorbital foramen i. foramen magnum d. infraorbital groove j. jugular foramen e. pterygopalatine fossa k. hypoglossal canal 6. Zygomatic bone l. cerebella fossa (inside) a. zygomaticofacial foramen m. vermain fossa (inside) 7. Sphenoid bone 4. Temporal bone a. medial pterygoid plate a. styloid process b. lateral pterygoid plate b. tympanic part c. lesser wing of sphenoid c. mastoid process (inside) d. mastoid notch d. greater wing of sphenoid 1. Frontal bone e. zygomatic process (inside) a. zygomatic process f. articular tubercle e. chiasmatic groove b. frontal crest (inside) g. stylomastoid foramen (inside) c. orbital part (inside) h. mastoid foramen f. anterior clinoid process d. supraorbital foramen i. external acoustic meatus (inside) e. anterior ethmoidal j. internal acoustic meatus g. posterior clinoid process foramen (inside) (inside) f. posterior ethmoidal k. carotid canal h. hypophyseal fossa foramen l. mandibular fossa (inside) g.
    [Show full text]
  • Gastrointestinal Bleeding from Supraduodenal Artery with Aberrant Origin Qiong Han University of Kentucky, [email protected]
    University of Kentucky UKnowledge Radiology Faculty Publications Radiology 9-2017 Gastrointestinal Bleeding from Supraduodenal Artery with Aberrant Origin Qiong Han University of Kentucky, [email protected] Chenghao Qian University of Kentucky, [email protected] Gaby Gabriel University of Kentucky, [email protected] Steven Krohmer University of Kentucky, [email protected] Driss Raissi University of Kentucky, [email protected] Right click to open a feedback form in a new tab to let us know how this document benefits oy u. Follow this and additional works at: https://uknowledge.uky.edu/radiology_facpub Part of the Gastroenterology Commons, and the Radiology Commons Repository Citation Han, Qiong; Qian, Chenghao; Gabriel, Gaby; Krohmer, Steven; and Raissi, Driss, "Gastrointestinal Bleeding from Supraduodenal Artery with Aberrant Origin" (2017). Radiology Faculty Publications. 17. https://uknowledge.uky.edu/radiology_facpub/17 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Radiology at UKnowledge. It has been accepted for inclusion in Radiology Faculty Publications by an authorized administrator of UKnowledge. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Gastrointestinal Bleeding from Supraduodenal Artery with Aberrant Origin Notes/Citation Information Published in Radiology Case Reports, v. 12, issue 3, p. 526-528. © 2017 the Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. under copyright license from the University of Washington. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-
    [Show full text]
  • Anterior Abdominal Wall
    Abdominal wall Borders of the Abdomen • Abdomen is the region of the trunk that lies between the diaphragm above and the inlet of the pelvis below • Borders Superior: Costal cartilages 7-12. Xiphoid process: • Inferior: Pubic bone and iliac crest: Level of L4. • Umbilicus: Level of IV disc L3-L4 Abdominal Quadrants Formed by two intersecting lines: Vertical & Horizontal Intersect at umbilicus. Quadrants: Upper left. Upper right. Lower left. Lower right Abdominal Regions Divided into 9 regions by two pairs of planes: 1- Vertical Planes: -Left and right lateral planes - Midclavicular planes -passes through the midpoint between the ant.sup.iliac spine and symphysis pupis 2- Horizontal Planes: -Subcostal plane - at level of L3 vertebra -Joins the lower end of costal cartilage on each side -Intertubercular plane: -- At the level of L5 vertebra - Through tubercles of iliac crests. Abdominal wall divided into:- Anterior abdominal wall Posterior abdominal wall What are the Layers of Anterior Skin Abdominal Wall Superficial Fascia - Above the umbilicus one layer - Below the umbilicus two layers . Camper's fascia - fatty superficial layer. Scarp's fascia - deep membranous layer. Deep fascia : . Thin layer of C.T covering the muscle may absent Muscular layer . External oblique muscle . Internal oblique muscle . Transverse abdominal muscle . Rectus abdominis Transversalis fascia Extraperitoneal fascia Parietal Peritoneum Superficial Fascia . Camper's fascia - fatty layer= dartos muscle in male . Scarpa's fascia - membranous layer. Attachment of scarpa’s fascia= membranous fascia INF: Fascia lata Sides: Pubic arch Post: Perineal body - Membranous layer in scrotum referred to as colle’s fascia - Rupture of penile urethra lead to extravasations of urine into(scrotum, perineum, penis &abdomen) Muscles .
    [Show full text]
  • SŁOWNIK ANATOMICZNY (ANGIELSKO–Łacinsłownik Anatomiczny (Angielsko-Łacińsko-Polski)´ SKO–POLSKI)
    ANATOMY WORDS (ENGLISH–LATIN–POLISH) SŁOWNIK ANATOMICZNY (ANGIELSKO–ŁACINSłownik anatomiczny (angielsko-łacińsko-polski)´ SKO–POLSKI) English – Je˛zyk angielski Latin – Łacina Polish – Je˛zyk polski Arteries – Te˛tnice accessory obturator artery arteria obturatoria accessoria tętnica zasłonowa dodatkowa acetabular branch ramus acetabularis gałąź panewkowa anterior basal segmental artery arteria segmentalis basalis anterior pulmonis tętnica segmentowa podstawna przednia (dextri et sinistri) płuca (prawego i lewego) anterior cecal artery arteria caecalis anterior tętnica kątnicza przednia anterior cerebral artery arteria cerebri anterior tętnica przednia mózgu anterior choroidal artery arteria choroidea anterior tętnica naczyniówkowa przednia anterior ciliary arteries arteriae ciliares anteriores tętnice rzęskowe przednie anterior circumflex humeral artery arteria circumflexa humeri anterior tętnica okalająca ramię przednia anterior communicating artery arteria communicans anterior tętnica łącząca przednia anterior conjunctival artery arteria conjunctivalis anterior tętnica spojówkowa przednia anterior ethmoidal artery arteria ethmoidalis anterior tętnica sitowa przednia anterior inferior cerebellar artery arteria anterior inferior cerebelli tętnica dolna przednia móżdżku anterior interosseous artery arteria interossea anterior tętnica międzykostna przednia anterior labial branches of deep external rami labiales anteriores arteriae pudendae gałęzie wargowe przednie tętnicy sromowej pudendal artery externae profundae zewnętrznej głębokiej
    [Show full text]
  • A Cadaveric Study of Coronary Artery Variations
    University of Nebraska Medical Center DigitalCommons@UNMC Theses & Dissertations Graduate Studies Spring 5-6-2017 A Cadaveric Study of Coronary Artery Variations Mitchell Lee Milanuk University of Nebraska Medical Center Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.unmc.edu/etd Part of the Cardiovascular System Commons Recommended Citation Milanuk, Mitchell Lee, "A Cadaveric Study of Coronary Artery Variations" (2017). Theses & Dissertations. 187. https://digitalcommons.unmc.edu/etd/187 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate Studies at DigitalCommons@UNMC. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses & Dissertations by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@UNMC. For more information, please contact [email protected]. A CADAVERIC STUDY OF CORONARY ARTERY VARIATIONS by Mitchell Lee Milanuk A THESIS Presented to the Faculty of the University of Nebraska Graduate College in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Science Genetics, Cell Biology, and Anatomy Graduate Program Under the Supervision of Dr. Keely Cassidy University of Nebraska Medical Center Omaha, Nebraska May, 2017 Advisory Committee: Keely Cassidy, PhD. Travis McCumber, PhD. Karen Gould, PhD. Samantha Simet, PhD. Shantaram Joshi, PhD. ii Acknowledgements First and foremost, the author would like to thank his advisor, Dr. Keely Cassidy, for her guidance and assistance, as well as Dr. Karen Gould for her supervision throughout this project. He would also like to thank Syd Clausen, Jesse Boyd, and Jon VanErdwyk for their assistance in obtaining photographs of the cadaveric hearts studied. The author would like to thank and acknowledge all the UNMC GCBA teaching faculty, especially Drs.
    [Show full text]
  • Pericardium & HEART
    Slides of Anatomy Please note : These slides were edited by our colleague Sara Rahhal to fit the slides of spring 2019. Pericardium & HEART Dr.Maher AL-Hadidi School of Medicine University of Jordan Spring 2019 Spring2019 Dr,Maher AL-Hadidi , University ofJordan 1 [Type here] Pericardium A double-walled fibroserous conical-shaped sac, inside middle mediastinum. Enclose the heart and roots of its large vessels. PericardiumVagusnerves Pericardium Pericardium SVC PericardiophrenicA. PericardiophrenicV. MusculophRt.renic Pericardiophrenic vessels branches Diaphragm Base [Type here] Diaphragm 2 Pericardium – Sagittal section Parts: 1 1. Fibrous pericardium. (outer) 2. Serous pericardium. 2 Fibrous pericardium (Inner) Conical-shaped fibrous sac. Base: Attached to central tendon of diaphragm. Layers . Apex: Attached to roots of large ofheart vessels. Wall Prevent overextension of the Base heart. (potential) [Typehere] Serous pericardium Complete serous sac invaginated by 1 the heart. Like pleura by the lung. (outer) 2 layers: 2 Parietal layer lines fibrous pericardium. (Inner) Visceral layer covers the heart as (Epicardium). Layers ofheart Pericardial cavity: Wall A potential space between 2 serous Base layers. (potential) [Typehere] Contents of pericardium: Superior vena cava Contents: Arch of aorta 1. Heart and all arteries, Ascending Aorta Transverse sinus Pulmonary veins and nerves. (separatesarteries Artery fromveins) 2 3 2. All Ascending aorta. 4 8 Left pulmonary 3. All Pulmonary Artery. 7 Right pulmonary vs. 9 6 4. Last 2cm of SVC. 1 5. Last 2cm of IVC. Serous pericardium + Oblique sinus 5 6. First part of the 4 diaphragm Fibrous pericardium pulmonary veins. Inferior vena cava 7. Transverse sinus. Thoracic aorta 8. Oblique sinus. Dr. Maher Hadidi, University of Jordan Heart Pyramidal-shaped muscular organ.
    [Show full text]
  • Thorax, Abdomen, Pelvis
    GERARD GORNIAK & WILLIAM CONRAD HUMAN ANATOMY SYNOPSIS: THORAX, ABDOMEN, PELVIS Download free eBooks at bookboon.com 2 Human Anatomy Synopsis: Thorax, Abdomen, Pelvis 1st edition © 2018 Gerard Gorniak & William Conrad & bookboon.com ISBN 978-87-403-2213-2 Peer review by Dr. Edward Kane, University of St. Augustine, USA Download free eBooks at bookboon.com 3 HUMAN ANATOMY SYNOPSIS: THORAX, ABDOMEN, PELVIS CONTENTS CONTENTS Preface 7 1 Thoracic Cage 8 1.1 Boundaries 8 1.2 Osteology 8 1.3 Muscles of the Thorax 16 1.4 Intercostal Nerves (Fig. 1-13) 30 1.5 Intercostal Arteries and Veins (Figs. 1-13, 1-16, 1-17) 31 2 The Lungs 35 2.1 The Pleura (Fig. 2-2) 36 2.2 Lobes of the Lung (Figs 2-3, 2-4) 38 2.3 Pulmonary Vessels (Figs. 2-9, 2-10) 45 Free eBook on Learning & Development By the Chief Learning Officer of McKinsey Download Now Download free eBooks at bookboon.com Click on the ad to read more 4 HUMAN ANATOMY SYNOPSIS: THORAX, ABDOMEN, PELVIS CONTENTS 3 Heart 49 3.1 Mediastinum (Fig. 3-1) 49 3.2 Pericardium (Fig. 3-2) 51 3.3 Heart Overview (Fig. 3-3) 51 3.4 Structure of Arteries and Veins (Fig. 15-14) 67 4 Superior And Posterior Mediastina 72 4.1 Superior Mediastinum 72 4.2 Posterior Mediastinum 76 5 Abdominal Wall 84 5.1 Boundaries 84 5.2 Abdominal Planes (Table 4.1 and Fig. 4-1) 84 5.3 Anterior and Lateral Abdominal Walls 87 5.4 Inguinal Region (Figs.
    [Show full text]
  • Surface Anatomy
    BODY ORIENTATION OUTLINE 13.1 A Regional Approach to Surface Anatomy 398 13.2 Head Region 398 13.2a Cranium 399 13 13.2b Face 399 13.3 Neck Region 399 13.4 Trunk Region 401 13.4a Thorax 401 Surface 13.4b Abdominopelvic Region 403 13.4c Back 404 13.5 Shoulder and Upper Limb Region 405 13.5a Shoulder 405 Anatomy 13.5b Axilla 405 13.5c Arm 405 13.5d Forearm 406 13.5e Hand 406 13.6 Lower Limb Region 408 13.6a Gluteal Region 408 13.6b Thigh 408 13.6c Leg 409 13.6d Foot 411 MODULE 1: BODY ORIENTATION mck78097_ch13_397-414.indd 397 2/14/11 3:28 PM 398 Chapter Thirteen Surface Anatomy magine this scenario: An unconscious patient has been brought Health-care professionals rely on four techniques when I to the emergency room. Although the patient cannot tell the ER examining surface anatomy. Using visual inspection, they directly physician what is wrong or “where it hurts,” the doctor can assess observe the structure and markings of surface features. Through some of the injuries by observing surface anatomy, including: palpation (pal-pā sh ́ ŭ n) (feeling with firm pressure or perceiving by the sense of touch), they precisely locate and identify anatomic ■ Locating pulse points to determine the patient’s heart rate and features under the skin. Using percussion (per-kush ̆ ́ŭn), they tap pulse strength firmly on specific body sites to detect resonating vibrations. And ■ Palpating the bones under the skin to determine if a via auscultation (aws-ku ̆l-tā sh ́ un), ̆ they listen to sounds emitted fracture has occurred from organs.
    [Show full text]
  • The Original Heart of America ™ #140, A40 1
    THE ORIGINAL HEART OF AMERICA ™ #140, A40 1. Right atrium 48. Apex of heart 2. Right auricle 49. Circumflex branch of left coronary artery 3. Coronary sulcus 50. Anterior interventricular branch of left 4. Right ventricle coronary artery 5. Anterior interventricular sulcus 51. Left auricle 6. Left ventricle 52. Pectinate muscle 7. Left atrium 53. Crista terminalis 8. Pulmonary veins 54. Posterior left ventricular branch 9. Pulmonary trunk 55. Fossa ovalis (foramen ovale**) a. Right branch of pulmonary artery 56. Limbus of fossa ovalis b. Left branch of pulmonary artery 57. Valve of coronary sinus 10. Ligamentum arteriosum 58. Opening of coronary sinus (ductus arteriosus*) 59. Azygous vein 11. Ascending aorta 60. Middle cardiac vein 12. Aortic arch 61. Posterior interventricular branch 13. Brachiocephalic trunk 62. Trabeculae carneae 14. Left common carotid artery 63. Marginal branches on right coronary artery 15. Left subclavian artery 16. Superior vena cava 17. Right brachiocephalic vein 18. Left brachiocephalic vein * The ductus arteriosus normally closes at birth and 19. Descending aorta thereafter is referred to as the ligamentum arteriosum. 20. Esophagus 21. Trachea 22. Annular ligament ** The foramen ovale normally closes at birth and 23. Tracheal cartilages thereafter is referred to as the fossa ovalis. 24. Left bronchus 25. Right bronchus 26. Inferior vena cava 27. Coronary sinus 28. Great cardiac vein 29. Left coronary artery 30. Fatty tissue 31. Right coronary artery 32. Sinoatrial node 33. Orifice of inferior vena cava 34. Valve of inferior vena cava 35. Tricuspid valve 36. Atrioventricular node 37. Pulmonary valve (Semilunar valve of pulmonary artery) 38. Right branch of Bundle of His 39.
    [Show full text]