ASCO Valves Are Designed and Tested for Continuous Service

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

ASCO Valves Are Designed and Tested for Continuous Service SOLENOID OPERATORS, COILS & SPARE PARTS KITS Coil identification and basic design considerations COILS Coils used in ASCO valves are designed and tested for continuous service. They all meet the thermal endurance specifications according to IEC 216. Allowable Allowable Max. (1) Insulation Max. Oper. Max. Temp. Ambient Temp. class Rise Temp. Ref. (°C ) (°C * ) ( °C ** ) E 120 80 40 - 80 75 T 95 60 - 100 55 2) T F 155 100 55 2) B 105 50 B 130 25 F 80 100 T 105 75 B 120 60 - H 180 120 60 2) T 120 60 2) B 130 50 F 155 25 P Fig. 1 1) Additional reference identification letter for coil types : XM5, M6, M6-II, MXX, MXX-II, M12 (Ex. : FT, FB, FF, HT) 2) Catalogue number coils 238xxx-xxx * Coil's own temperature rise due to energisation According to the type of coil used, the CALCULATIONS ** Including effect of fluid temperature at catalogue rated solenoid operator’s maximum ambient limits (Electrical characteristics, solenoid operator’s temperature (given under “Electrical char- For direct acting solenoids we can calculate ambient temperature range). acteristics” in the specific catalogue pages) the solenoid pull force by means of the fol- including fluid temperature effects may be lowing rough equation: The construction of the majority of coils is in 75, 60, 50, or 25°C. accordance with IEC 335 standards. Other Determining factors may be either: Fs = p . A (N) international standards (UL etc.) are also met (contact us). a) Temperature considerations (own tem- Fs = solenoid pull-force (N) 5 Standard coils are available for insulation perature rise) p = pressure (Pa) (10 Pa = 1 bar) classes E, F and H. The insulation class A = orifice area (m2) determines the coil’s maximum operating b) Power considerations temperature for a specific life: Example - Class H: 30 000 hours c) Ambient and/or fluid temperature An average solenoid will have a pull force of - Class F: 20 000 hours approx. 15N. To use this solenoid on a pres- d) Higher temperature rise, as result of sure differential of 1MPa (10 bar), we can The temperature rise of continuously en- increased wattage (required for valve calculate the maximum orifice diameter. ergised coils depends on size and power pressure ratings). consumption. This, in turn, determines the Fs = p . A 15 = 106 . A -5 2 maximum differential pressure rating of a ASCO offers coils, distinguished by dimen- A = 1,5 . 10 m 2 valve as indicated in the catalogue. sion and electrical power: A = 1/4.π.d d = 4,4 mm CM5, CM6, CMXX, CM12, CM22, CM25, An example for insulation class F is given CM30, CM40, JMX, ANX, AMX, BMX and For low pressure applications such as in fig 1. The insulation is designed for the C22A. gas burners, automatic dispensing or low coil to be operated at temperatures in vacuum systems up to 0,1 MPa the orifice accordance with class F, i.e. 155°C. The For more details on coils and identification, diameter equals to 19,5 mm. max. temperature rise of the coil when see Section J / V1100, pages 2 to 5. energised is limited, depending on the type The internal pilot-operated constructions of coil (e.g. 80°C (FT), 95°C, 105°C (FB), (floating diaphragm or floating piston) use 130°C (FF)). a small orifice (the pilot) to control the pressure to the diaphragm or piston. Large main orifices can be opened or closed at reasonable pressure up to 15 MPa. 00022GB-2018/R01 All rights reserved. design and specifications are subject to change without notice. Availability, All leaflets are available on:www.asco.com General & Engineering Information - 43 Basic design considerations - SOLENOID OPERATORS, COILS & SPARE PARTS KITS BASIC DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS 1 The electrical field To use solenoid as a driver for valves we + B (T) 0,8 have to learn first how the magnetism, gen- erated by the solenoid, can be converted 0,6 into mechanical energy. If a certain voltage is applied to the coil of the solenoid an electrical current will flow 0,4 through its windings and creates a magnetic field around the coil. 0,2 This field depends on the amount of cur- rent, number of windings and length of the -H (A/m) +H (A/m) coil and can be expressed by the following -2000 -1500 -1000 -500 0 500 1000 1500 2000 equation: -0,2 IN. H = (A/m) []IN.=ΣHd. -0,4 We discover, however, that the conduc- tance of magnetic field-lines differs for all kind of material. -0,6 This conductance is called: permeability "µ". - B (T) -0,8 For vacuum the permeability : -7 -1 µ0 = 4.π.10 (H/m) or (Vs/Am) µ = µo . µr [µ = B/H] ASCO's core and plugnut material is special µr air = 1 chemical high compatible ferromagnetical A.C. stainless steel. R We distinguish: If tables are used, the following equation - diamagnetical: should be applicable: µr < 1 (bismuth, antimony) - paramagnetical: B = µ . µ . H (T) o r L µr = 1 (aluminium, copper) - ferromagnetical: AC and DC Solenoids I As it is important to know the electrical µr >1 (iron, nickel, cobalt) field we have to know therefore the current µ through the coil. 2 To identify the proper " r" or induction 0.r.N .A For DC constructions we can easily calcu- L = (H) "B" we can make use of the so-called hysteresis-cycle-curves for the feromag- late the current with the equation: L = C . µr netical materials. X = 2.π.f . L U L I = (A) U U R I == Z 22 XR+ However, for AC constructions we have not ()L only to deal with pure ohmical resistance, but also with AC-resistance, the so-called reactance 'X '. I L To find the impedance 'Z' we have to D.C. combine the 'XL' and 'R' values in a vec- S tor diagramme. Now we can calculate the L current by: R U I = (A) Z The 'X ' value depends on the air gap L L between core and plugnut and is smaller when the gap is big. I I Therefore we can find a difference between the current through the coil when the core is in its lower position (inrush) and a current with the core in its upper position For "DC" L (holding). I i = I h U I = inrush I = ()A i R I h = holding 00022GB-2018/R01 All rights reserved. design and specifications are subject to change without notice. Availability, All leaflets are available on:www.asco.com 44 - General & Engineering Information Basic design considerations - SOLENOID OPERATORS, COILS & SPARE PARTS KITS Pull force of a magnet With the knowledge of the electrical field graph A and induction we can determine the sole- noid driver force by means of the following 25 equation: 20 B2.A (I.N. .)2 A F = = r . N 15 2 ( ) 2.0 L 2.0 10 B As the three graphs on the left show, the A 5 airgap between core and plugnut deter- mines the induction "B" and therefore the PULL FORCE (N) 0 1 2 3 456 7 pull force "F", the so-called pull-stroke STROKE (mm) curves do show for each solenoid their typical curves. H = Magnetic field strength (A/m) A = CM6-FT, CM25-5 I = Electrical current (A) B = CM6-FB, CM30-8 N = Number of turns (1) B = Magnetic flux density (T) µo = Permeability of vacuum (H/m) µr = Relative permeability (1) A = Area of core (m2) C = Constant graph B 30 25 20 15 A.C. (alternating current) R 10 PULL FORCE (N) B 5 A L 0 I 3 6912 C H XL Z Z STROKE (mm) Z HOT XL Z COLD A = CMXX-FT, CM40-10 R = 2 . R B = CMXX-FB, CM40-14 H C U IC = ZC U IH = R RCOLD R HOT 1,1.ZC C H graph C With : U = voltage D.C. (direct current) I = current cold 40 C R IH = current hot R = resistance cold 30 C RH = resistance hot 20 ZC = impedance cold L ZH = impedance hot 10 B A I PULL FORCE (N) If a coil is heated up in a certain time the coil resistance increases drasticly. 0 3 6 91215 18 We can see that to double the coil resist- STROKE (mm) U ance, when valves are hot, halves the IC = RC current for DC but only has a minor effect of ±10% on AC coils. U A = CM12-FT I H = 1/2.IC B = CM12-FB 2.RC 00022GB-2018/R01 All rights reserved. design and specifications are subject to change without notice. Availability, All leaflets are available on:www.asco.com General & Engineering Information - 45 Basic design considerations - SOLENOID OPERATORS, COILS & SPARE PARTS KITS I x N 180° Magnetic field energised by the main coil. 270° 90° 360° Z U X Z I = ()A XLL Z I x N Magnetic field (from the shading coil) generated by the main field, however with a phase shift of approx. 90°. R RESULTING FORCE F Combination of the pull forces from main and shading coil. Differences between AC and DC sole- DC Service noids a) Inrush current equals to holding AC service current AC solenoids are always equipped with b) Power consumption and pull force sh u U X ZinrA a shading coil in the plugnut (stationary depend on temperature XL L Z IA = Z A core) and the top of the core is flat faced c) Solenoid operates quietly and perpendicular. d) Not sensitive to dirt e) The coils have more windings (copper) R DC service than AC coils There are two solenoid valve categories: The first category with identical AC and DC Power Consumption for AC: design offers easy adaption of the same valve to AC or DC; full interchangeability is (W) with: P = U.I.Cos ensured for alternating or direct current.
Recommended publications
  • Sri Venkateswara College of Engineering and Technology Department of Electrical & Electronics Engineering EE 6504-Electrical
    Sri Venkateswara College of Engineering and Technology Department of Electrical & Electronics Engineering EE 6504-Electrical Machines-II UNIT-I 1. Why a 3-phase synchronous motor will always run at synchronous speed? Because of the magnetic coupling between the stator poles and rotor poles the motor runs exactly at synchronous speed. 2. What are the two classification synchronous machines? The classification synchronous machines are: i. Cylindrical rotor type ii. Salient pole rotor type 3. What are the essential features of synchronous machine? i. The rotor speed is synchronous with stator rotating field. ii. Varying its field current can easily vary the speed. iii. It is used for constant speed operation. 4. Mention the methods of starting of 3-phase synchronous motor. a. A D.C motor coupled to the synchronous motor shaft. b. A small induction motor coupled to its shaft.(pony method) c. Using damper windings –started as a squirrel cage induction motor. 5. What are the principal advantages of rotating field system type of construction of synchronous machines? · Form Stationary connection between external circuit and system of conditions enable the machine to handle large amount of volt-ampere as high as 500 MVA. · The relatively small amount of power required for field system can be easily supplied to the rotating field system via slip rings and brushes. · More space is available in the stator part of the machine for providing more insulation to the system of conductors. · Insulation to stationary system of conductors is not subjected to mechanical stresses due to centrifugal action. · Stationary system of conductors can easily be braced to prevent deformation.
    [Show full text]
  • Electrical Machines-II 2015-16(ODD)
    A Course Material on Electrical Machines-II 2015-16(ODD) By Mrs. M.Latha Assistant Professor DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING SASURIE COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING VIJAYAMANGALAM – 638 056 QUALITY CERTIFICATE This is to certify that the e-course material Subject Code : EE6504 Subject : Electrical Machines -II Class : III YEAR EEE Being prepared by me and it meets the knowledge requirement of the university curriculum. Signature of the Author Name: M.Latha Designation: AP This is to certify that the course material being prepared by Mrs.M.Latha is of adequate quality. She has referred more than five books among them minimum one is from aboard author. Signature of HD Name: SEAL Syllabus EE6504 Electrical Machines -II UNIT I SYNCHRONOUS GENERATOR Constructional details – Types of rotors –winding factors- emf equation – Synchronous reactance –Armature reaction – Phasor diagrams of non salient pole synchronous generator connected to infinite bus--Synchronizing and parallel operation – Synchronizing torque -Change of excitation and mechanical input- Voltage regulation – EMF, MMF, ZPF and A.S.A methods – steady state power angle characteristics– Two reaction theory –slip test -short circuit transients - Capability Curves UNIT II SYNCHRONOUS MOTOR Principle of operation – Torque equation – Operation on infinite bus bars - V and Inverted V curves – Power input and power developed equations – Starting methods – Current loci for constant power input, constant excitation and constant power developed-Hunting – natural frequency of oscillations – damper windings- synchronous condenser. UNIT III THREE PHASE INDUCTION MOTOR Constructional details – Types of rotors –- Principle of operation – Slip –cogging and crawling- Equivalent circuit – Torque-Slip characteristics - Condition for maximum torque – Losses and efficiency – Load test - No load and blocked rotor tests - Circle diagram – Separation of losses – Double cage induction motors –Induction generators – Synchronous induction motor.
    [Show full text]
  • Shaded-Pole Single-Phase Motors Written By: Shankar • Edited By: Kennethsleight • Updated: 8/31/2009
    Shaded-Pole Single-Phase Motors written by: shankar • edited by: KennethSleight • updated: 8/31/2009 We know that single phase induction motors are not self-starting. Inorder to make single phase motor a self-starting one, a certain arrangement must be provided so that the stator flux produced becomes a rotating one rather than alternating one.Such an arrangement is provided by shaded pole motors. Introduction Shaded pole motor is one of the types of single phase induction motors, which are used for producing a rotating stator flux in order to make the single phase induction motor a self starting one. Let us discuss the constructional details, diagrams and working of shaded pole motors in detail. Shaded-Pole SIngle-Phase Motors Like any other motors the shaded pole induction motor also consists of a stator and rotor. The stator is of salient pole type and the rotor is of squirrel cage type. The poles of shaded pole induction motor consist of slots, which are cut across the laminations. The smaller part of the slotted pole is short-circuited with the help of a coil. The coils are made up of copper and it is highly inductive in nature. This coil is known as shading coil. The part of the pole which has the coil is called the shaded part and the other part of the pole is called unshaded part. Now let us consider that an alternating current is passed through the excited winding which surrounds the pole. Due to the presence of shading coil, the axis of the pole shift from unshaded part to shaded part.
    [Show full text]
  • Outline (Motors)
    ・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・ Products or specifications on the catalog are 〈Warranty Coverage〉 subject to be changed without notice. Please If any malfunctions should occur due to our inquire our sales agents for our latest fault, NIDEC COPAL ELECTRONICS warrants specifications. We require an acknowl edgment any part of our product within one year from the of specification documents for product use date of delivery by repair or replacement at beyond our specifications, and conditions free of charge. However, warranty is not appli- needing high reliability, such as nuclear reactor cable if the causes of defect should result control, railroads, aviation, automobile, from the following con ditions: combustion, medical, amusement, • Failure or damages caused by inappropriate Disaster prevention equipment and etc. use, inappropriate conditions, and Furthermore, we ask you to perform a swift inappropriate handling. incoming inspection for delivered products and • Failure or dam ages caused by inappropriate we wouldalso appreciate if full attention is given mod i fi cations, adjustment, or repair. to the storage conditions of the product. • Failure or damage caused by technically and sci en tif i cally unpredictable factors. 〈Warranty Period〉 • Failure or damage caused by natural disaster, The Warranty period is one year from the date fire or unavoid able factors. of delivery. The warranty is only applicable to the product itself, not applic a ble to con sumable products such as batteries and etc. STEPPING MOTORS OUTLINE (MOTORS) COPAL ELECTRONICS handles motors marked by the Induction motors Induction motors make use of the rotation of a basket placed in a rotating magnetic field. Three phase AC is used to produce the rotating magnetic field, so most large output motors in factories are of this type.
    [Show full text]
  • ADJUSTABLE SPEED DRIVES By: Richard D
    Service Application Manual SAM Chapter 620-130 Section 6A ADJUSTABLE SPEED DRIVES By: Richard D. Beard P.E. Consultant, RSES Manufacturers’ Service Advisory Council INTRODUCTION Many commercial and industrial machines and processes require adjustable speed. Adjustable speed usually makes a machine more universally compatible and increases its versatility. Adjustable-speed drives also are being used in residential equipment, including air conditioners, refrigerators, heat pumps, furnaces, and other devices driven by motors. These drives optimize speed and torque, making them generally more efficient than non-adjustable-speed drives. An adjustable-speed motor is one in which the speed can be varied gradually over a wide range—but, once adjusted, it remains nearly unaffected by the load. A variable-speed motor is one in which the speed varies with the load, usually decreasing when the load increases. The term "adjustable speed" implies that some external adjustment, which is independent of load, will cause the speed to change. A variable-frequency inverter drive is an example. The term "variable speed" describes a drive in which load changes inherently cause significant changes in speed. A direct current series motor, for example, exhibits this characteristic. An adjustable variable-speed motor is one in which the speed can be adjusted gradually. However, once adjusted for a given load, the speed will vary with changes in the load. A multispeed motor is one that can be operated at any one of two or more definite speeds, each being practically independent of the load. The multispeed motor is neither an adjustable-speed nor a variable-speed drive. Multispeed motors usually have two, three, or four definite operating speeds.
    [Show full text]
  • A.1 Appendix a Field-Oriented Control
    Appendix A Field-Oriented Control A.1 Introduction Chronologically, Field-Oriented Control (F.O.C.) was the first vector control method developed for controlling induction motors. The principle of this method was proposed in the early 1970s by F. Blaschke of Siemens, who used physical analysis to show that the two components of the stator current space vector projected along two rectangular axes, to be defined later, called the direct and transverse axes, play the same roles as the field and armature currents in a DC motor. The direct axis was found to be oriented along the axis of the magnetic rotor field, !e:lm2' (see Chap.7, Sec7.2.2, Eq.7.21), which is why this approach has been called Field Orientation. In the following paragraphs we shall present a more direct approach to Field-Oriented Control and explain how to implement it. However, first we must introduce some preliminary investigations before taking up discussion of the Field Orientation Principle. A.2 Preliminary Investigation Imagine a set of symmetrical three-phase rotor windings revolving inside a magnetic field. The magnitude and orientation of the field may be time­ dependent. However, we assume that the field has a plane of symmetry containing the rotor axis. Therefore, the cross section of the field by any plane perpendicular to the shaft will have a common axis of symmetry at any given time. Let the electrical angle of the axis of the field with respect to rotor phase "a" axis be A. The flux linkages of the various rotor phases would then be "'a = ",(t)COS(A) (A.1), '"b = ",(t) COS(A - 21r / 3) (A.2), "'c = ",(t)cos(A-4n /3) (A.3).
    [Show full text]
  • Electric Machine Structure Trainer
    WSM-5 Electric Machine Structure Trainer Introduction ■ This trainer is designed for studying structure of a motor & generator. ■ This trainer has each assemble part such as a rotor, magnetic pole and brush. ■ It is possible to make and operate a motor and generator directly. ■ It consists of several type electric machine. - Permanent magnet and field coil DC - Generator, rotary field type and rotary type - Generator, rotary converter and generator, permanent - Magnet&DC motor, synchronous motor&3 phase induction motor - Shading coil type 1 phase induction motor Experiment ▣ Generator ■ The Principle of Generator. ■ DC Generator by Permanent Magnet ■ AC Generator by Permanent Magnet ■ Rotation Magnetic Field type Single Phase ■ DC Generator by Magnetic Field Winding AC Generator ■ The Three phase Generator ■ Rotary Armature type Generator ■ Rotary Converter ▣ Motor ■ DC Motor by Permanent Magnet ■ Series Motor by Magnetic Field Winding ■ Shunt motor ■ Compound motor ■ AC Commutator motor ■ Rotor Field ■ Squirrel Cage Induction motor ■ Pole-number Alteration motor ■ Repulsion motor ■ Resistor Motor (Spilt-Phase Motor) ■ Shading Coil motor * Product's design and appearance can be changed without any notice. 122_Woosun Control WSM-5 Electric Machine Structure Trainer Specification ■ Main Voltage : 1 Phase 220~240V / 50/60Hz ■ Working Table ■ Working Frame - 3 Step - 220 ~ 240V Output Socket ■ Module Storage Cabinet : 1EA 01 ▣ Experiment Module ■ WSM5-01 ■ WSM5-02 Low Voltage Supply Module DC Electric Machine Yoke Module ■ WSM5-03 ■ WSM5-04
    [Show full text]
  • Single-Phase Motors
    mywbut.com Chapter (9) Single-Phase Motors Introduction As the name suggests, these motors are used on single-phase supply. Single- phase motors are the most familiar of all electric motors because they are extensively used in home appliances, shops, offices etc. It is true that single- phase motors are less efficient substitute for 3-phase motors but 3-phase power is normally not available except in large commercial and industrial establishments. Since electric power was originally generated and distributed for lighting only, millions of homes were given single-phase supply. This led to the development of single-phase motors. Even where 3-phase mains are present, the single-phase supply may be obtained by using one of the three lines and the neutral. In this chapter, we shall focus our attention on the construction, working and characteristics of commonly used single-phase motors. 9.1 Types of Single-Phase Motors Single-phase motors are generally built in the fractional-horsepower range and may be classified into the following four basic types: 1. Single-phase induction motors (i) split-phase type (ii) capacitor type (iii) shaded-pole type 2. A.C. series motor or universal motor 3. Repulsion motors (i) Repulsion-start induction-run motor (ii) Repulsion-induction motor 4. Synchronous motors (i) Reluctance motor (ii) Hysteresis motor 9.2 Single-Phase Induction Motors A single phase induction motor is very similar to a 3-phase squirrel cage induction motor. It has (i) a squirrel-cage rotor identical to a 3-phase motor and (ii) a single-phase winding on the stator.
    [Show full text]
  • Multiple Choice Practice Questions for ONLINE/OMR AITT-2020 2 Year
    Multiple Choice Practice Questions for ONLINE/OMR AITT-2020 nd 2 Year Electrician Trade Theory DC machine (Generator & Motor) 1 What is the name of the part marked as ‘X’ in DC generator given below? A - Armature core B -Brush C- Commutator raiser D -Commutator segment 2 What is the name of D.C generator given below? A- Differential long shunt compound B- Differential short shunt compound C -Cumulative long shunt compound D -Cumulative short shunt compound 3 Which rule is used to find the direction of induced emf in D.C generator? A- Cork screw rule B -Right hand palm rule C -Fleming’s left-hand rule D -Fleming’s right hand rule 4 Which formula is used to calculate the generated emf in D.C generator? A –ZNPa/60ɸ B -ɸZna/60P C - ɸZnp/60a D - ɸZnp/60 5 What is the formula to calculate back emf of a D.C motor? A -Eb = V/Ia Ra B- Eb = V x Ia Ra C -Eb = V – Ia Ra D -Eb = V + Ia Ra 6 What is the name of the part marked ‘X’ in DC generator given below? A -Pole tip B -Pole coil C -Pole core D -Pole shoe 7 What is the name of the D.C generator given below? A -Shunt generator B -Series generator C- Compound generator D -Separately excited generator 8 Which energy is converted into electrical energy by generator? A -Heat B- Kinetic C -Chemical D -Mechanical 9 What is the name of D.C generator field given below? A -Short shunt compound generator B -Long shunt compound generator C -Differential compound generator D -Cumulative compound generator 10 What is the principle of D.C generator? A -Cork screw rule B -Fleming’s left-hand rule C -Fleming’s
    [Show full text]
  • Analysis of Induction Motor Torque
    ANALYSIS OF INDUCTION MOTOR TORQUE DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of the Ohio State University By Sakae Yamamura, B. E., M. S. The Ohio State University 1953 Approved by; Adviserv^ TABLE OF CONTENTS Page Chapter I. Introduction. 1 Chapter II. The Principle of the Analyzer. 6 Chapter III. The Component Parts of the Analyzer. 12 1. Homopolar generator. 12 2. Amplifiers. 15 3* Power supplies. 20 4. Differentiating circuit. 23 5. Frequency response of the analyzer. 27 6. Cathod-ray scope. 31 7. Adjustments of the complete set. 33 Chapter IV. Results Obtained. 38 1. Three-phase induction motor; 220 V, 1/4 HP, 4 poles, 60-cycle. 38 2. Single-phase operation of the three-phase Induction motor; 220 V, l/A HP, 4 poles, 60-cycle. 45 3. Three-phase induction motor; 220 V, 1/8 HP, 4 poles, 60—cycle. 48 4- Single-phase induction motor; 115 V, 1/6 HP, 4 poles, 60-cycle. 53 5. Shaded-pole motor; 115 V, 1/12 HP, 6 poles, 60-cycle. 58 Chapter V. Consideration of Steady States. 63 1. Three-phase induction motor. 63 2. Single-phase induction motor; 115 V, 1/6 HP, 4 poles, 60—cycle. 66 -i- A 0 U 8 6 1 Page 3. Consideration of braking torque of the three-phase induction motor; 220 V, 1/4 HP, 4 pOles, 60-cycle. 75 (a). Friction and windage. 79 (b). Iron loss try fundamental magnetic flux. 80 (c). Saturation of iron.
    [Show full text]
  • Induction Machines Single Phase Induction Motor
    INDUCTION MACHINES SINGLE PHASE INDUCTION MOTOR 1. Aim & objective: 1. Introduction to single phase induction motor 2. To study the Construction of single phase induction motor. 3. To understand the Working of single phase induction motor. 4. To study the Various types of single phase induction motor 5. To deduce the equivalent circuit of single phase induction motor based on DRF& analyzing the performance. 6. To study the procedure for Testing of single phase induction motor for obtaining the equivalent circuit 2. PRE TEST: 1. When the magnetic flux linking a conductor or coil changes a) It produces no flux b) it produces sinusoidal flux C) It produce EMF d) none of the above 2. The direction of induced EMF can be determined by a) LENZ b) Flemings right hand rule c) left hand rule d) none of the above 3. The EMF induced in the coil due to change in own flux a) Self induced EMF b) mutual induced EMF c) Both a&b d) none of the above 4. The EMF induced in the coil due to change in current in the other coil a) Self induced EMF b) mutual induced EMF c) Both a&b d) none of the above 5. Factors affecting the inductance a) Number of turns b) permeability c) shape d) all of the above 6. Double revolving field theory formulated by a) Ferrari b) Lenz c) Maxwell d) none of the above 7. According to DRF single pulsating magnetic field resolved in to a) Two b) three c) four d) none of the above 8.
    [Show full text]
  • AC Generators and Motors
    AC Generators and Motors Course No: E03-008 Credit: 3 PDH A. Bhatia Continuing Education and Development, Inc. 22 Stonewall Court Woodcliff Lake, NJ 07677 P: (877) 322-5800 [email protected] CHAPTER 3 ALTERNATING CURRENT GENERATORS LEARNING OBJECTIVES Upon completion of this chapter, you will be able to: 1. Describe the principle of magnetic induction as it applies to ac generators. 2. Describe the differences between the two basic types of ac generators. 3. List the advantages and disadvantages of the two types of ac generators. 4. Describe exciter generators within alternators; discuss construction and purpose. 5. Compare the types of rotors used in ac generators, and the applications of each type to different prime movers. 6. Explain the factors that determine the maximum power output of an ac generator, and the effect of these factors in rating generators. 7. Explain the operation of multiphase ac generators and compare with single-phase. 8. Describe the relationships between the individual output and resultant vectorial sum voltages in multiphase generators. 9. Explain, using diagrams, the different methods of connecting three-phase alternators and transformers. 10. List the factors that determine the frequency and voltage of the alternator output. 11. Explain the terms voltage control and voltage regulation in ac generators, and list the factors that affect each quantity. 12. Describe the purpose and procedure of parallel generator operation. INTRODUCTION Most of the electrical power used aboard Navy ships and aircraft as well as in civilian applications is ac. As a result, the ac generator is the most important means of producing electrical power.
    [Show full text]