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Fabius Internet eLexikon Bewährtes Wissen in aktueller Form Seite 5.991, Faber - Fabius Internet: https://peter-hug.ch/05_0991 Main mehr vorzüglichen Graphits erwarb. Er errichtete auch in Geroldsgrün bei Kronach eine Fabrik für Schiefertafeln, eigentümlich präparierte Schieferstifte und Tafelwischer und beschäftigt gegenwärtig über 1200 Arbeiter. 1864 wurde er zum lebenslänglichen Mitglied des bayrischen Reichsrats ernannt und 1881 in den erblichen Freiherrenstand des Königreichs erhoben. Vgl. »Die Bleistiftfabrik von A. W. Faber zu Stein bei Nürnberg« (Nürnb. 1873). 6) Antonius, s. Favre 2). Faber, bei naturwissenschaftlichen Namen Fr. Faber, geb. 1795 zu Odense auf Fünen, bereiste 1819-21 Island und starb als Jurist 1828 zu Horsens in Jütland; hochnordische Vögel, Fische. Faber du Faur, Otto von, Maler, geb. 3. Juni 1828 zu Ludwigsburg in Württemberg als Sohn des durch sein Bild des Übergangs über die Beresina bekannten Generals und Schlachtenmalers Christian Wilhelm v. Faber du Faur, widmete sich bis 1867 dem Militärdienst, obwohl er sich schon seit 1851 in München unter Max v. Kotzebue und 1852 unter Yvon der Malerei befleißigt hatte. Durch den Feldzug von 1866, den er als württembergischer Rittmeister mitmachte, wurde er zur Darstellung des Kriegslebens so angeregt, daß er bald darauf ganz zur Malerei überging, die er zuerst in Stuttgart und später in München unter Pilotys Leitung betrieb. Seine Hauptbilder sind: die Lützowschen Jäger, die Rückkehr Napoleons aus Rußland, die Schlacht bei Champigny (30. Nov. 1870), die Abreise des Kurfürsten Friedrich V. von der Pfalz von Prag nach der Schlacht am Weißen Berg (1874), die Übergabe der französischen Kavallerie bei Sedan (1877), die Attacke der Chasseurs d'Afrique bei Floing, Reiterporträt des deutschen Kronprinzen. Seine malerische Behandlung ist skizzenhaft, seine Darstellung aber lebendig und wirkungsvoll. Fabianus, St. (Fabius, auch Flavianus), Bischof von Rom (236-250) und Märtyrer in der Verfolgung des Kaisers Decius, soll die Stadt Rom in sieben Diakonate geteilt, den Kaiser Philippus und seinen Sohn getauft, vier Konzile zu Rom gehalten, nach Gallien Glaubensprediger gesendet haben etc. Die ihm zugeschriebenen Verordnungen sind untergeschoben. Mit ihm zugleich erlitt St. Sebastian den Märtyrertod; ihr Tag, Fabian-Sebastian, ist der 20. Januar. Fabius, eins der ältesten und zur Zeit der Gründung der Republik durch die bedeutende Zahl seiner Mitglieder und deren Klienten eins der mächtigsten Patriziergeschlechter Roms, mit den Beinamen Vibulanus, Ambustus, Maximus, Pictor u. a. Wie mächtig und wie zahlreich das Geschlecht in den ersten Jahrzehnten der Republik war, geht daraus hervor, daß in den Jahren 485-479 v. Chr. stets einer der Konsuln ein Fabier war, und daß 306 Fabier im J. 479 auszogen, um mit ihren Klienten den Krieg gegen die Vejenter allein auf sich zu nehmen. Die namhaftesten unter den Fabiern sind folgende: 1) Quintus Fabius Vibulanus, Konsul 485 und 482 v. Chr.; fiel 480 gegen die mit den übrigen Etruskern verbündeten Vejenter; 2) Käso Fabius Vibulanus, Konsul 484, 481 und 479; 3) Marcus Fabius Vibulanus, Konsul 483 und 480. Dies sind die drei Brüder, welche sieben Jahre lang die eine Stelle des Konsulats nacheinander bekleideten. Sie waren bis 481 die heftigsten Gegner der Plebejer und standen namentlich in erster Reihe in dem Kampf gegen die Versuche der damaligen Zeit, den Plebejern durch ein Ackergesetz Anteil an dem Gemeinland zu verschaffen. So war Quintus Konsul und Käso einer der Blutrichter (Quaestores parricidii), als 485 Spurius Cassius, der im vorigen Jahr ein Ackergesetz gegeben hatte, deshalb zum Tod verurteilt wurde. Das Volk war dadurch so erbittert gegen die Fabier, daß, als 481 in einer Schlacht gegen die Vejenter die Reiterei den Feind bereits zurückgeschlagen hatte, das hauptsächlich aus Plebejern bestehende Fußvolk sich weigerte, vorzurücken und den Sieg zu vervollständigen. Dies hatte die Folge, daß die Fabier den Kampf gegen die Plebejer aufgaben und sich der Sache des Volkes zuwandten. Die hergestellte Eintracht wurde 480 durch einen Sieg über die Vejenter befestigt sowie dadurch, daß der Konsul sich der Verwundeten mit besonderer Sorgfalt annahm, und daß 479 Käso selbst einen Antrag auf Ackerverteilung stellte, der aber an dem Widerstand des Senats scheiterte. In ebendieses Jahr (479) fällt auch die That, die den Namen der Fabier besonders berühmt gemacht hat. Sie schlugen, 306 Fabier mit ihren Klienten, ein festes Lager an dem kleinen Fluß Cremera auf und führten den Krieg bis 477 mit Glück, so daß die Römer ihre Kräfte ungeteilt gegen ihre übrigen Feinde wenden konnten. Indessen die Vejenter wußten die Fabier in einen Hinterhalt zu locken, wo sie von der Übermacht umzingelt wurden und nach tapferster Gegenwehr sämtlich den Tod fanden. Der Tag ihrer Niederlage zählte fortan zu den Unglückstagen (dies atri), und das karmentalische Thor, durch welches sie ausgezogen waren, hieß seitdem Porta scelerata und durfte von den Staatsbeamten nicht durchschritten werden. Der Sage nach soll von dem Seite 1 / 2 eLexikon Bewährtes Wissen in aktueller Form Seite 5.991, Faber - Fabius Internet: https://peter-hug.ch/05_0991 Geschlecht nur ein einziger Sprößling als Stammhalter übriggeblieben sein, welcher als noch nicht waffenfähig beim Auszug der übrigen in Rom zurückgeblieben war. 4) Quintus Fabius Vibulanus, Sohn von Fabius 3), der nach der Sage 477 allein übriggebliebene Fabier, Konsul 467 und 465, war 450 einer der Dezemvirn, die auf Appius' Antrieb die Zeit ihrer Amtsführung widerrechtlich verlängerten, und einer von denen, welche nach dem Sturz des Dezemvirats freiwillig ins Exil gingen. 5) Numerius Fabius Ambustus, 6) Käso Fabius Ambustus, 7) Quintus Fabius Ambustus sind die drei Brüder, welche 391 als Gesandte an die Clusium belagernden Gallier geschickt wurden und dadurch, daß sie sich gegen das Völkerrecht an dem Krieg mit ihnen beteiligten, den Angriff der Gallier auf Rom veranlaßten. Die Römer lieferten die Gesandten nicht nur nicht aus, wie die Gallier verlangten, sondern wählten sie auch zu Konsulartribunen für das Jahr 390, daher der Einfall der Gallier, die Niederlage der Römer an der Allia und die Einnahme u. Verbrennung der Stadt. 8) Quintus Fabius Maximus Rullianus (Enkel von Fabius 5), einer der größten Helden seiner Zeit, besonders durch seine Kriegsthaten gegen Etrusker und Samniter ausgezeichnet, war 325 Magister equitum des Diktators L. Papirius Cursor im Krieg wider die Samniter, wurde von diesem, weil er gegen dessen Verbot in des Diktators Abwesenheit dem Feind ein Treffen geliefert, wiewohl er siegreich gewesen, zum Tod verurteilt, und nur den vereinten Bitten des greisen Vaters, des Senats und des gesamten Volkes gelang es, Papirius zur Zurücknahme des Urteils zu bewegen. Im J. 322 mit L. Fulvius Curvus Konsul, triumphierte er über Samniter und Apuler. In seinem zweiten Konsulat (310) schlug er die Etrusker, welche Sutrium belagerten, unternahm sodann einen kühnen Zug in das obere Etrurien, überstieg den als unwegsam geschilderten ciminischen Bergwald (jetzt Gebirge von Viterbo), schlug Quelle: Meyers Konversations-Lexikon, 1888; Autorenkollektiv, Verlag des Bibliographischen Instituts, Leipzig und Wien, Vierte Auflage, 1885-1892;5. Band, Seite 991 im Internet seit 2005; Text geprüft am 1.2.2008; publiziert von Peter Hug; Abruf am 2.10.2021 mit URL: Weiter: https://peter-hug.ch/05_0992?Typ=PDF Ende eLexikon. Seite 2 / 2.
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