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219 Sejarah, Bangunan Dan Fungsi Masjid Agung Tuban Jawa Timur History, Building and Function of the Great Mosque of Tuban

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219 Sejarah, Bangunan Dan Fungsi Masjid Agung Tuban Jawa Timur History, Building and Function of the Great Mosque of Tuban Jurnal Pusaka, Vol. 2, No. 2, 2014 Sejarah, Bangunan dan Fungsi Masjid Agung Tuban Jawa Timur History, building and Function of the Great Mosque of Tuban, East Java Samidi Balai Penelitian dan Pengembangan Agama Semarang E-mail : [email protected] Info Artikel Abstract Artikel ini merupakan ringkasan penelitian tentang sejarah, bangunan, dan fungsi Masjid Agung Tuban Jawa Timur. Penulis menggunakan pendekatan sejarah dan sosiologis dalam melakukan penelitian tersebut. Adapun hasilnya diketahui bahwa Masjid Agung Tuban sudah ada sejak Zaman Sunan Bonang (sekitar tahun 1486) dan bentuknya masih sangat sederhana. Bentuk asli bangunan masjid yang masih ada sampai sekarang ini adalah tempat untuk Diterima pengimaman (mihrab), selebihnya bangunan ini sudah tidak berbekas lagi. Masjid Agung 29 Tuban mengalami beberapa kali renovasi, bahkan termasuk dilakukan renovasi total tahun Mei 2004 yang menghilangkan nilai historisitas dan orisinalitas masjid sebagai benda cagar 2014 budaya. Bentuk bangunan Masjid Agung Tuban yang lama telah berganti dengan bangunan baru yang lebih megah dan terlihat mewah. Meskipun demikian, pengurus masjid (takmir) Masjid Agung Tuban tidak menjadikan masjid hanya sebagai tempat ibadah ritual semata Revisi I (salat rawatib, dzikir, dan i‘tikaf). Pengurus mencoba mengoptimalkan fungsi masjid dengan 2 mengembalikan fungsinya seperti seperti zaman Nabi, yaitu sebagai pusat ibadah dan Juni kebudayaan Islam. 2014 Kata kunci: sejarah, bangunan, fungsi, Masjid Agung Tuban Revisi II This article is a summary of research on the history, structure and functions of the Great 1 Mosque of Tuban, East Java. The author uses historical and sociological approach in Juli conducting the research. The result is known that the Great Mosque Tuban has existed since time Sunan Bonang (circa 1486) and the shape is still very simple. The original shape of the 2014 building of the mosque which still exist today this is the place to Mihrab, other of the building has not all gone. The Great Mosque of Tuban has several renovations, even made a total Disetujui renovation (2004), which eliminates the value of historicity and originality of the mosque as a 25 heritage. The shape of the building of the Great Mosque Tuban long been replaced by a new Agusuts building that is more magnificent and luxurious look. Nevertheless, the board of the mosque (takmir) Great Mosque Tuban not make the mosque only as a place of worship ritual alone 2014 (salat, dhikr, i'tikaf). Board tries to optimize the function of the mosque, restored functions such as time of the Prophet, namely as a center of worship and Islamic culture. Key words: history, construction, function, the Great Mosque of Tuban. 219 Sejarah, Bangunan dan Funfsi Masjid Agung Tuban…-Samidi PENDAHULUAN masa kolonial dibuat terpisah, dengan Proses penyebaran agama Islam maksud untuk memecah belah umat Islam. tidak dapat dilepaskan dari peran dan Masjid Agung Tuban sebagai ikon fungsi masjid. Demikian juga yang terjadi dan kebanggaan masyarakat Tuban, kini di Jawa, masjid-masjid bersejarah yang dihadapkan pada berbagai perubahan dan berkaitan langsung dengan proses tantangan yang terus bergulir di islamisasi di tanah Jawa masih banyak lingkungan masyarakat. Isu globalisasi dan dijumpai sampai sekarang. Masjid-masjid informasi merupakan fenomena yang tidak tersebut biasanya dikaitkan dengan tokoh dapat diabaikan begitu saja. Pada era pendiri dan penyebar agama Islam. Tokoh globalisasi yang membuat masyarakat islamisasi yang cukup melegenda di Jawa semakin cerdas, tentu akan memberikan adalah Walisongo (Sunan Ampel, Sunan banyak implikasi, termasuk peluang dan Giri, Sunan Bonang, Sunan Gunung Jati, tantangan kepada umat Islam. Sejalan dengan itu, peran sentral masjid semakin Sunan Muria, Sunan Kalijaga, Sunan Kudus, Sunan Drajat, dan Syekh Maulana dituntut agar mampu menampung dan Maghribi). Bukti arkeologis keberadaan mengikuti segala perkembangan yang para wali tersebut dan juga komunitas terjadi dalam masyarakat. Disisi lain, muslim ditandai dengan adanya bangunan untuk mewujudkan peran masjid sebagai masjid dan juga makamnya. Keberadaan sentral kegiatan, keberadaan masjid perlu masjid sebagai bukti keberadaan agama diimbangi dengan kualitas perencanaan Islam sebagaimana diungkapkan oleh G.F. fisik dan manajerial yang profesional. Pijper ―orang yang ingin menyelidiki Oleh sebab itulah, pemerintah Kabupaten kehidupan keagamaan di salah satu pulau Tuban melakukan renovasi Masjid Agung di Indonesia seperti Jawa, harus mulai Tuban secara besar-besaran. Sekarang, dengan mempelajari masjid‖ (Pijper, 1985: bangunan masjid tampak lebih indah dan 14). megah, tak kalah dengan masjid-masjid Fungsi utama sebuah masjid adalah terkenal lainnya di penjuru nusantara. untuk beribadah kepada Allah SWT. Tidak Bahkan, Masjid Agung Tuban disebut- hanya itu, masjid juga menjadi wadah sebut menjadi salah satu masjid terindah di yang paling strategis dalam membina dan Jawa Timur. Terlebih lagi di malam hari, menggerakkan potensi umat Islam untuk keindahan bangunan seolah memancarkan mewujudkan Sumbar Daya Manusia dongeng ‘1001 Malam‘ (SDM) yang tangguh dan berkualitas. (http://bappeda.jatimprov.go.id/2012/08/07 Demikian juga yang dilakukan oleh para /keindahan-masjid-tuban/). wali dalam melakukan dakwah dan Renovasi Masjid Agung Tuban membina umat, menggunakan masjid yang merubah sebagian besar bangunan sebagai sentralnya. Peran Sunan Bonang asli masjid lama menimbulkan pro dan atau Syekh Makhdum Ibrahim di Tuban kontra. Ulama dan masyarakat Tuban dalam mengislamkan tanah Jawa dan banyak yang menentang perubahan masjid khususnya Kabupaten Tuban tidak dapat tersebut, namun oleh pemerintah daerah pem-bangunan masjid tetap dilaksanakan dipungkiri. Salah satu peninggalan beliau yang masih lestari sampai sekarang ini sampai selesai seperti yang sekarang ini. adalah Masjid Agung Tuban. Selain Lepas dari pro dan kontra pembangunan masjid tersebut, juga terdapat makam kuno Masjid Agung Tuban, dapat dikatakan di belakang masjid, yaitu makam Sunan bahwa umat Islam Tuban telah mampu Bonang itu sendiri. Lokasi makam dan membangun atau mendirikan masjid yang Masjid Agung Tuban menurut penjelasan mewah dan megah. Permasalahan yang salah seorang Takmir Masjid Agung timbul adalah kemampuan dan ghirah Tuban, dulunya bersatu. Kemudian pada (semangat) umat Islam memakmurkan 220 Jurnal Pusaka, Vol. 2, No. 2, 2014 masjid tersebut masih sangat minim. Hal yang cukup signifikan sebagai Benda ini dibuktikan dengan sedikitnya orang Cagar Budaya (BCB). Selain sisi sejarah, yang salat berjamaah lima waktu di bentuk bangunan atau arsitektural masjid masjid, minimnya kegiatan keagamaan juga menjadi bahan kajian. Bentuk yang menggunakan masjid sebagai tempat bangunan masjid yang telah mengalami penyelenggaraan dan kegiatan sosial ke- beberapa kali perubahan dapat menjadi agamaan. Selain itu hal-hal yang bukti adanya dinamika penggunaan atau menyangkut kepentingan umat, seperti fungsi masjid bagi masyarakat pada kesehatan, pemberdayaan ekonomi, san- masanya. Seiring dengan perubahan ge- tunan sosial dan sebagainya, belum nerasi, zaman, dan kondisi sosiologis dilakukan secara maksimal oleh pengurus masyarakat Tuban, tidak menutup ke- atau takmir masjid. Masjid seakan telah mungkinan Masjid Agung Tuban ditinggalkan oleh umatnya. Kondisi mengalami perubahan-perubahan fungsi. semacam ini memerlukan upaya pemikiran Oleh sebab itu, peran dan fungsi Masjid agar masjid kembali menjadi pusat Ibadah Agung Tuban juga menjadi pembahasan dan kegiatan sosial. Berbagai kegiatan tersendiri. masjid yang dikelola oleh takmir I. Metode Penelitian hendaknya mampu meningkatkan kualitas umat Islam, baik dalam aspek spiritual Penelitian ini adalah penelitian maupun kesejahteraan masyarakat. kualitatif dengan pendekatan sejarah dan Sidi Gazalba (1975: 7) me- sosiologis. Pendekatan sejarah digunakan ngemukakan ―Masjid sebagai pusat untuk mengungungkapkan sejarah dan kegiatan ibadah dan kebudayaan Islam.‖ fungsi Masjid Agung Tuban pada masa Hal ini akan terlaksana apabila dalam lampau. Data penelitian dikumpulkan pelaksanaan pembangunan masjid lokasi, dengan menggunakan metode observasi tata ruang dirancang untuk menjalankan (pengamatan) dan wawancara untuk fungsi masjid secara optimal, dan menjawab permasalahan penelitian. pengelolaan masjid diselenggarakan Pendekatan sejarah dalam dengan manajerial yang professional. penelitian ini yang dimaksud adalah Sehingga masjid yang selama ini hanya berbagai peristiwa masa lalu. Sejarah dijadikan sebagi tempat ibadah, fungsi dalam bahasa Inggris disebut dengan masjid akan terlaksana secara optimal. ―history‖. Kata tersebut berasal dari Sebagaimana fungsi masjid pada awal- bahasa Yunani, yaitu historia yang berarti: awal kelahiran Islam. Tentu saja dalam inkuiri (inquiry), wawancara (interview), prakteknya dapat dikembangkan inovasi interogasi dari seorang saksi-mata, dan dan kreativitas yang disesuaikan dengan juga laporan mengenai hasil-hasil tindakan pekembangan masyarakat. Dengan itu; seorang saksi (witness), seorang demikian masjid menjadi dinamis dalam hakim (judge), seorang yang tahu. Secara menunjang pemberdayaan kehidupan semantik kata sejarah berasal dari bahasa masyarakat. arab syajaratun, yang artinya adalah Berdasarkan latar belakang perma- pohon (Sjamsuddin, 2007:1-4). salahan tersebut, penulis menganggap Sebagai sebuah kajian, sejarah pentingnya penulisan sejarah Masjid tidak pernah statis. Selama berabad-abad Agung Tuban, masjid yang dibangun pada istilah history (sejarah) mendapatkan awal penyebaran agama
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