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A Glimpse of Materials Research in China a Report from an Interagency Study Team on Materials Visiting China from June 19, 1995 to June 30, 1995

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A Glimpse of Materials Research in China a Report from an Interagency Study Team on Materials Visiting China from June 19, 1995 to June 30, 1995 NATL INST. OF STAND ^JECH Rrf^ I PUBLICATIONS mill nil nil I II A111Q4 7T2m3 United States Department of Commerce Technology Administration National Institute of Standards and Technology NIST Special Publication 893 A Glimpse of Materials Research in China A Report From an Interagency Study Team on Materials Visiting China From June 19, 1995 to June 30, 1995 Stephen M. Hsu and Lyle H. Schwartz^ Editors QC 100 ,U57 NO. 893 1995 Jhe National Institute of Standards and Technology was established in 1988 by Congress to "assist industry in the development of technology . needed to improve product quality, to modernize manufacturing processes, to ensure product reliability . and to facilitate rapid commercialization ... of products based on new scientific discoveries." NIST, originally founded as the National Bureau of Standards in 1901, works to strengthen U.S. industry's competitiveness; advance science and engineering; and improve public health, safety, and the environment. One of the agency's basic functions is to develop, maintain, and retain custody of the national standards of measurement, and provide the means and methods for comparing standards used in science, engineering, manufacturing, commerce, industry, and education with the standards adopted or recognized by the Federal Government. As an agency of the U.S. Commerce Department's Technology Administration, NIST conducts basic and applied research in the physical sciences and engineering, and develops measurement techniques, test methods, standards, and related services. The Institute does generic and precompetitive work on new and advanced technologies. NIST's research facilities are located at Gaithersburg, MD 20899, and at Boulder, CO 80303. Major technical operating units and their principal activities are listed below. For more information contact the Public Inquiries Desk, 301-975-3058. Office of the Director Manufacturing Engineering Laboratory • Advanced Technology Program • Precision Engineering • Quality Programs • Automated Production Technology • International and Academic Affairs • Intelligent Systems • Manufacturing Systems Integration Technology Services • Fabrication Technology • Manufacturing Extension Partnership • Standards Services Electronics and Electrical Engineering • Technology Commercialization Laboratory • Measurement Services • Microelectronics • Technology Evaluation and Assessment • Law Enforcement Standards • Information Services • Electricity • Semiconductor Electronics Materials Science and Engineering • Electromagnetic Fields' Laboratory • Electromagnetic Technology' • Intelligent Processing of Materials • Optoelectronics' • Ceramics • Materials Reliability Building and Fire Research Laboratory • Polymers • Structures • Metallurgy • Building Materials • Reactor Radiation • Building Environment • Fire Safety Chemical Science and Technology • Fire Science Laboratory • Biotechnology Computer Systems Laboratory • Chemical Kinetics and Thermodynamics • Office of Enterprise Integration • Analytical Chemical Research • Information Systems Engineering • Process Measurements • Systems and Software Technology • Surface and Microanalysis Science • Computer Security • Thermophysics^ • Systems and Network Architecture • Advanced Systems Physics Laboratory • Electron and Optical Physics Computing and Applied Mathematics • Atomic Physics Laboratory • Molecular Physics • Applied and Computational Mathematics^ • Radiometric Physics • Statistical Engineering^ • Quantum Metrology • Scientific Computing Environments^ • Ionizing Radiation • Computer Services • Time and Frequency' • Computer Systems and Communications^ « Quantum Physics' • Information Systems At Boulder, CO 80303. 'Some elements at Boulder, CO 80303. NIST Special Publication 893 A Glimpse of Materials Research in China A Report From an Interagency Study Team on Materials Visiting China From June 19, 1995 to June 30, 1995 Stephen M. Hsu and Lyle H. Schwartz, Editors Materials Science and Engineering Laboratory National Institute of Standards and Technology Gaithersburg, MD 20899-0001 September 1995 U.S. Department of Commerce Ronald H. Brown, Secretary Technology Administration Mary L. Good, Under Secretary for Technology National Institute of Standards and Technology Arati Prabhakar, Director National Institute of Standards U.S. Government Printing Office For sale by the Superintendent and Technology Washington: 1995 of Documents Special Publication 893 U.S. Government Printing Office Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol. Washington, DC 20402 Spec. Publ. 893 229 pages (Sept. 1995) CODEN: NSPUE2 Contributing Authors Dr. Thomas Barton Distinguished Prof, of Chemistry, Iowa State University Dr. Paul Becher Leader, Structural Ceramics Group, Oak Ridge National Laboratory Dr. Roger Crouch Chief Scientist, Microgravity, NASA Dr. Alan Dragoo Acting Team Leader, Metallurgy and Ceramics, Basic Energy Sciences, Department of Energy Dr. Stephen Hsu Leader, Surface Properties Group, NIST, Study Team Coordinator Dr. Bruce Kramer Director, Division of Design, Manufacture, and Industrial Innovations, National Science Foundation Dr. C. T. Liu Leader, Alloying Behavior & Design Group, Oak Ridge National Laboratory Dr. Lyle Schwartz Director, Materials Science and Engineering Laboratory, NIST, Study Team Leader Ms. Erin Sullivan Policy Analyst, Office of Technology Pohcy, Technology Administration, Department of Commerce Dr. Iran Thomas Acting Associate Director, Basic Energy Sciences, Department of Energy Dr. Robert Ritchie Professor of Materials Science, UC Berkeley Dr. Jeffrey Wadsworth Associate Director, Chemistry and Materials Science Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory 1 TABLE OF CONTENTS I. BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES 3 n. GENERAL ASSESSMENT OF MATERIALS RESEARCH IN CHINA 3 III. CONCLUSIONS 5 IV. RECOMMENDATIONS AND MECHANISMS 6 V. FUTURE PLANS 8 VI. ACKNOWLEDGMENT 9 VII. APPENDICES 10 A. TEAM COMPOSITION 10 B. BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES OF TEAM MEMBERS 11 C. CURRENT US-CHINA COOPERATIVE ACTIVITIES 20 D. CHINESE MATERIALS SCIENCES AND TECHNOLOGY PROGRAMS 34 1. THE MAIN PROGRAMMES OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 36 2. ADVANCED MATERIALS, 863 HI-TECH R&D PROGRAM 80 3 . THE HI-TECH R&D PROGRAM OF ADVANCED MATERIALS, NATIONAL ADVANCED MATERIALS COMMITTEE OF CHINA ... 89 4. AN UPDATE OF ADVANCED MATERIALS R&D IN CHINA, SSTC . 106 5. CHINA'S NEW MATERIALS 116 6. BRIEF INTRODUCTION TO THE STATE KEY LABORATORIES AND ENGINEERING RESEARCH CENTRES ESTABLISHED IN UNIVERSITIES OF CHINA 123 E. ITINERARY OF THE TEAMS 159 F. INSTITUTIONS VISITED AND SITE VISIT REPORTS 165 G. SUMMARY OF PROPOSALS RECEIVED 219 2 I. BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES During the period June 16, 1995 to June 30, 1995, an interagency delegation of materials scientists from the Department of Commerce (DOC), Department ofEnergy (DOE), National Aeronautical and Space Administration (NASA), and the National Science Foundation (NSF) visited China and Hong Kong to explore areas for possible cooperation in materials research between the two countries under the general science and technology agreement. The visit is an important step in a series of exchange visits intended to facilitate the possible signing of a materials research protocol between the U.S. and China. During the Sixth Meeting of the Sino-U.S. Joint Commission on Science and Technology Cooperation in Washington, DC, April 1994, both sides expressed interest in establishing potential cooperation in the area of new materials. This subject received additional discussion at the January 1995 meeting of the Joint Commission in Beijing. The American delegation was led by Dr. John Gibbons, Science Advisor to the President, Office of Science and Technology Policy. Also present in the meeting were Dr. Mary Good, Under Secretary of Technology, Department of Commerce, Dr. Martha Krebs, Director, Energy Research, Department of Energy, Dr. Dan Goldin, Administrator of NASA, and Dr. Neal Lane, Director ofNSF. During the meeting, the U.S. agreed to exchange study teams with China to define specific technical areas and projects and the four U.S. agencies present agreed to jointly explore the possibility of cooperation in materials. After the meeting in Beijing, Dr. Lyle Schwartz of the Nafional Institute of Standards and Technology was appointed to lead a team of materials scientists from the four agencies. The charge to the study team was to visit many of the research institutions in China with the help of the Chinese State Science and Technology Commission (SSTC). These visits were intended to familiarize the American scientists with the current research emphasis in China and allow direct interaction with the Chinese scientists. Additionally, the study team was to develop a report for use in identifying areas for cooperation that will be mutually beneficial to both countries. The composition of the study team and their brief biographies are in Appendices A and B. Recognizing the daunting task of assessing the state-of-the-art in a nation with so vast a scientific and academic structure as China, the study team's itinerary was organized to split into four smaller teams which began together in Beijing, spread out to visit separate locations and then met again in Shanghai. The visit ended at the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (HKUST) which graciously provided facilities for the drafting of this report. The itineraries of these four teams (Appendix E) allowed for visits to 30 institutions in a period of a week and one half Reports describing each of these visits are assembled in Appendix F, and
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