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Lijst Van Bemande Ruimtevluchten Bestaat Uit Een Tabel Met Elf Kolommen

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Lijst Van Bemande Ruimtevluchten Bestaat Uit Een Tabel Met Elf Kolommen LIJST VAN BEMANDE RUIMTEVLUCHTEN MARCO VAN DER LIST VOORWOORD In dit document is een tabel opgenomen met alle bemande ruimtevluchten die zijn uitgevoerd tot en met 31 december 2020. In deze lijst is de definitie voor een ruimtevlucht zoals gehanteerd door de International Astronautical Federation (IAF) gebruikt; elke vlucht van een voertuig met inzittenden welke een minimum hoogte van 100 km boven het aardoppervlak bereikt. Daarnaast zijn een aantal andere, onbemande ruimtevluchten opgenomen om de bemande ruimtevaart in een wat breder perspectief te kunnen plaatsen; zoals onbemande testvluchten, lanceringen van ruimtestations en -modules, onbemande vrachtschepen om ruimtestations te bevoorraden, etc. Als laatste is een lijst opgenomen met alle ruimtevaarders die in de ruimte gevlogen hebben. Marco van der List De lijst van bemande ruimtevluchten bestaat uit een tabel met elf kolommen: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 # Ruimtevaartuig Ruimtevaarder M/V # Bz. Nat. Lancering Landing Vaartuig landing Opmerkingen 1. Vostok-1 Y. Gagarin M 1 - USSR 12.04.1961 12.04.1961 - 1ste bemande ruimtevlucht. 1 omloop. Beschrijving van de kolommen: 1. Aantal bemande ruimtevluchten uitgevoerd, inclusief deze specifieke vlucht; m.a.w. het aantal bemande ruimtevluchten welke een minimale hoogte van 100 km boven het aardoppervlak hebben bereikt. 2. Naam van het voor de lancering gebruikte ruimtevaartuig. 3. Naam van de ruimtevaarder-inzittende van het ruimtevaartuig. Een * geeft een niet-professionele ruimtevaarder aan (ruimtedeelnemer of -toerist). 4. Geslacht van de ruimtevaarder (M = man, V = vrouw). 5. Aantal ruimtevluchten dat de ruimtevaarder, inclusief deze specifieke vlucht, gemaakt heeft. 6. Bijzonderheden met betrekking op de ruimtevaarder gedurende deze specifieke vlucht: • EVA = Ruimtevaarder heeft een Extra Vehicular Activity (d.w.z. ruimtewandeling) uitgevoerd. • ! = Ruimtevaarder heeft een nieuw duurrecord ruimtevaren gevestigd. • † = Ruimtevaarder is omgekomen gedurende de vlucht. 7. Nationaliteit van de ruimtevaarder. Een lijst van gebruikte landenafkortingen is opgenomen op de laatste pagina van dit document. 8. Lancering: lanceerdatum van het ruimtevaartuig in het formaat dd.mm.jjjj. 9. Landing: landingsdatum van de ruimtevaarder in het formaat dd.mm.jjjj. In het geval van een onbemand ruimtevaartuig, geeft deze datum de landing/terugkeer van dat ruimtevaartuig. Een datum met een * geeft aan dat het ruimtevaartuig verbrand is/verloren is gegaan tijdens de terugkeer. 10. Wanneer een ruimtevaarder landt met een ander ruimtevaartuig dan welke gebruikt voor de lancering, is de naam van het ruimtevaartuig gebruikt voor de landing in deze kolom gegeven. Als deze kolom blanco is, dan is hetzelfde ruimtevaartuig voor zowel lancering als landing gebruikt. 11. Opmerkingen/bijzonderheden met betrekking tot de ruimtevlucht. Foto op voorblad: Lancering van ‘s werelds eerste bemande ruimtevlucht: Yuri Gagarin (zie foto hierboven) aan boord van het ruimteschip Vostok-1 op 12 april 1961. [RIA Novosti] 2 LIJST VAN BEMANDE RUIMTEVLUCHTEN # Ruimtevaartuig Ruimtevaarder M/V # Bz. Nat. Lancering Landing Vaartuig landing Opmerkingen Mercury BJ-1 - - - - USA 09.09.1959 09.09.1959 - Suborbitale testvlucht; 140 km. Korabl Sputnik-1 - - - - USSR 15.05.1960 05.09.1962* - Testvlucht Vostok. Retro mislukt.Gestrand in omloopbaan. Korabl Sputnik - - - - USSR 28.07.1960 28.07.1960* - Testvlucht Vostok. Lancering mislukt. Mercury MA-1 - - - - USA 29.07.1960 29.07.1960* - Testvlucht. Lancering mislukt. Korabl Sputnik-2 - - - - USSR 19.08.1960 20.08.1960 - Testvlucht Vostok. 2 honden. Mercury MR-1 - - - - USA 21.11.1960 21.11.1960 - Raket viel onbeschadigd terug op lanceerplatform nadat motor afsloeg. Korabl Sputnik-3 - - - - USSR 01.12.1960 02.12.1960 - Testvlucht Vostok. 2 honden. Capsule opgeblazen tijdens landing. Mercury MR-1A - - - - USA 19.12.1960 19.12.1960 - Suborbitale testvlucht; 210 km. Korabl Sputnik - - - - USSR 22.12.1960 22.12.1960 - Lancering mislukt. Geslaagde noodlanding Vostok capsule. Mercury MR-2 - - - - USA 31.01.1961 31.01.1961 - Suborbitale testvlucht; 253 km. 1 chimpansee. Controleproblemen. Mercury MA-2 - - - - USA 21.02.1961 21.02.1961 - Suborbitale testvlucht; 183 km. Korabl Sputnik-4 - - - - USSR 09.03.1961 09.03.1961 - Testvlucht Vostok. 1 hond. 1 omloop. Mercury MR-BD - - - - USA 24.03.1961 24.03.1961 - Extra testvlucht Redstone; 183 km. Korabl Sputnik-5 - - - - USSR 25.03.1961 25.03.1961 - Testvlucht Vostok. 1 hond. 1 omloop. 1. Vostok-1 Y. Gagarin M 1 - USSR 12.04.1961 12.04.1961 - 1ste bemande ruimtevlucht. 1 omloop. Mercury MA-3 - - - - USA 25.04.1961 25.04.1961 - Lancering mislukt. Succesvolle noodlanding Mercury capsule. 2. Mercury MR-3 A. Shepard M 1 - USA 05.05.1961 05.05.1961 - Suborbitale vlucht; hoogte 187 km. 3. Mercury MR-4 V. Grissom M 1 - USA 21.07.1961 21.07.1961 - Suborbitale vlucht; hoogte 190 km. 4. Vostok-2 G. Titov M 1 ! USSR 06.08.1961 07.08.1961 - 17 omlopen in 1 dag. Mercury MA-4 - - - - USA 13.09.1961 13.09.1961 - Testvlucht. 1 omloop. Mercury MA-5 - - - - USA 29.11.1961 29.11.1961 - Testvlucht. 1 chimpansee. 2 omlopen. 5. Mercury MA-6 J. Glenn M 1 - USA 20.02.1962 20.02.1962 - 3 omlopen in 5 uur. 6. Mercury MA-7 S. Carpenter M 1 - USA 24.05.1962 24.05.1962 - 3 omlopen in 5 uur. 7. Vostok-3 A. Nikolayev M 1 ! USSR 11.08.1962 15.08.1962 - In zelfde baan als Vostok-4. 8. Vostok-4 P. Popovich M 1 - USSR 12.08.1962 15.08.1962 - In zelfde baan als Vostok-3. 9. Mercury MA-8 W. Schirra M 1 - USA 03.10.1962 03.10.1962 - 6 omlopen in 9 uur. 10. Mercury MA-9 G. Cooper M 1 - USA 15.05.1963 16.05.1963 - 22 omlopen in 34 uur. 11. Vostok-5 V. Bykovsky M 1 ! USSR 14.06.1963 19.06.1963 - In zelfde baan als Vostok-6. 12. Vostok-6 V. Tereshkova V 1 - USSR 16.06.1963 19.06.1963 - 1ste vrouw in ruimte. In zelfde baan als Vostok-5. 13. X-15, vlucht 90 J. Walker M 1 - USA 19.07.1963 19.07.1963 - Suborbitaal raketvliegtuig; 106 km. 14. X-15, vlucht 91 J. Walker M 2 - USA 22.08.1963 22.08.1963 - Suborbitaal raketvliegtuig; 108 km. Gemini-1 - - - - USA 08.04.1964 12.04.1964* - Testvlucht Gemini. Capsule volgens plan niet geborgen. Cosmos-47 - - - - USSR 06.10.1964 07.10.1964 - Test landingssysteem Voskhod. 15. Voskhod-1 V. Komarov M 1 - USSR 12.10.1964 13.10.1964 - 1ste meerpersoons ruimteschip. K. Feoktistov M 1 - USSR 12.10.1964 13.10.1964 - B. Yegorov M 1 - USSR 12.10.1964 13.10.1964 - Gemini-2 - - - - USA 19.01.1965 19.01.1965 - Suborbitale test van het hitteschild. Cosmos-57 - - - - USSR 22.02.1965 22.02.1965 - Test luchtsluis Voskhod. Capsule opgeblazen tijdens landing toen deze afweek van geplande koers. 16. Voskhod-2 P. Belyayev M 1 - USSR 18.03.1965 19.03.1965 - 1ste ruimtewandeling. A. Leonov M 1 EVA USSR 18.03.1965 19.03.1965 - 17. Gemini-3 V. Grissom M 2 - USA 23.03.1965 23.03.1965 - 1ste baanmanoeuvres, 3 omlopen in 5 J. Young M 1 - USA 23.03.1965 23.03.1965 - uur. 18. Gemini-4 J. McDivitt M 1 - USA 03.06.1965 07.06.1965 - 1ste Amerikaanse ruimtewandeling. E. White M 1 EVA USA 03.06.1965 07.06.1965 - 19. Gemini-5 G. Cooper M 2 ! USA 21.08.1965 29.08.1965 - Nieuw duurrecord (8 dagen). C. Conrad M 1 ! USA 21.08.1965 29.08.1965 - 3 # Ruimtevaartuig Ruimtevaarder M/V # Bz. Nat. Lancering Landing Vaartuig landing Opmerkingen Agena-6 - - - - USA 25.10.1965 25.10.1965* - Doelraket. Lancering mislukt. 20. Gemini-7 F. Borman M 1 ! USA 04.12.1965 18.12.1965 - Nieuw duurrecord (14 dagen). J. Lovell M 1 ! USA 04.12.1965 18.12.1965 - Rendez-vous met Gemini-6. 21. Gemini-6A W. Schirra M 2 - USA 15.12.1965 16.12.1965 - Rendez-vous met Gemini-7. T. Stafford M 1 - USA 15.12.1965 16.12.1965 - Apollo AS-201 - - - - USA 26.02.1966 26.02.1966 - Suborbitale testvlucht; 488 km. Agena-8 - - - - USA 16.03.1966 15.09.1967* - Doelraket. 22. Gemini-8 N. Armstrong M 1 - USA 16.03.1966 16.03.1966 - 1ste koppeling met Agena-8. D. Scott M 1 - USA 16.03.1966 16.03.1966 - 1ste noodlanding, veroorzaakt door defecte stuurraket. Agena-9 - - - - USA 17.05.1966 17.05.1966* - Doelraket. Lancering mislukt. ATDA - - - - USA 01.06.1966 11.06.1966* - Doelsatelliet. 23. Gemini-9A T. Stafford M 2 - USA 03.06.1966 06.06.1966 - Rendez-vous met ATDA (koppeling E. Cernan M 1 EVA USA 03.06.1966 06.06.1966 - niet mogelijk). Apollo AS-203 - - - - USA 05.07.1966 05.07.1966* - Testvlucht rakettrap S-IVB. Agena-10 - - - - USA 18.07.1966 29.12.1966 - Doelraket. 24. Gemini-10 J. Young M 2 - USA 18.07.1966 21.07.1966 - Koppeling met Agena-10. Hoogte 763 M. Collins M 1 EVA USA 18.07.1966 21.07.1966 - km. Rendez-vous met Agena-8. Apollo AS-202 - - - - USA 25.08.1966 25.08.1966 - Suborbitale testvlucht; 1128 km. Agena-11 - - - - USA 12.09.1966 30.12.1966 - Doelraket. 25. Gemini-11 C. Conrad M 2 - USA 12.09.1966 15.09.1966 - Koppeling met Agena-11. Hoogte R. Gordon M 1 EVA USA 12.09.1966 15.09.1966 - 1370 km. Gemini-MOL - - - - USA 03.11.1966 03.11.1966 - Testvlucht militair ruimtestation. Tweede vlucht Gemini-2 capsule. Test luik in hitteschild. Agena-12 - - - - USA 11.11.1966 23.12.1966 - Doelraket. 26. Gemini-12 J. Lovell M 2 - USA 11.11.1966 15.11.1966 - Koppeling met Agena-12. E. Aldrin M 1 EVA USA 11.11.1966 15.11.1966 - Cosmos-133 - - - - USSR 28.11.1966 30.11.1966 - Testvlucht Soyuz.
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