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Heptacodium Miconioides
photograph © Peter Del Tredici, Arnold Arboretum of Harvard University An old multi-stemmed specimen of Heptacodium miconioides growing in woodland on Tian Tai Shan, Zhejiang, September 2004, probably the first wild plant ofHeptacodium to be seen by a Western botanist since its discovery by Ernest Wilson in 1907. Heptacodium miconioides Rehder In his last ‘Tree of the Year’, JOHN GRIMSHAW discusses what distinguishes a shrub from a tree and writes about a large shrub introduced to cultivation first in the early twentieth century and again in the late twentieth century, that is rare in the wild. Introduction When the terms of reference for New Trees were drawn up (see pp. 1-2), having agreed that the book would contain only trees, we had to address the deceptive question ‘what is a tree?’ Most of us ‘can recognise a tree when we see one’ and in many ways this is as good an answer as one needs, but when is a woody plant not a tree? When it’s a shrub, of course – but what is a shrub? In the end we adopted the simple definitions that a tree ‘normally [has] a single stem reaching or exceeding 5 m in height, at least in its native habitat. A shrub would normally have multiple woody stems emerging from the base or close to the ground, and would seldom exceed 5 m in height’ (Grimshaw & Bayton 2009). In most cases this served to make a clear distinction, but one of the casualties that fell between the two stools was the Chinese plant Heptacodium miconioides, a significant recent introduction described by theFlora of China (Yang et al. -
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ARNOLD ARBORETUM HARVARD UNIVERSITY ARNOLDIA A continuation of the BULLETIN OF POPULAR INFORMATION VOLUME XXIII 19633 , PUBLISHED BY THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM JAMAICA PLAIN, MASSACHUSETTS ARNOLDIA A continuation of the ’ BULLETIN OF POPULAR INFORMATION of the Arnold Arboretum, Harvard University VOLUME 23 JANUARY 18, 1963 NuMe~;a 1 TRIAL PLOT FOR STREET TREES the spring of 1951 a trial plot of eighty small ornamental trees was plantedDI~ RING on the Case Estates of the Arnold Arboretum in Weston (see .9rnoldia 16: (B~ 9-1.5, 1906~. A few of these were not happy in their location and promptly died, or did so poorly as to warrant their removal. A few new varie- ties were added to the original group, but for the most part these trees have been growing there s~nce the trial plot was first laid out. The collection has been of special interest to home owners in the suburban areas of Boston, who naturally are interested in small ornamental trees. It has also been of considerable interest to the tree wardens of various towns throughout New England, for here one may see many of the best small trees growing side by side, so that comparisons can be easily made. Recently this plot has been of interest to the Electric Council of New England, a group of utility companies which provide various electric services for the public in addition to stringing electric lines for these services. When the right kinds of trees are planted properly in the right places along the streets and highways, there need be but little competition between the trees and the wires. -
Number 3, Spring 1998 Director’S Letter
Planning and planting for a better world Friends of the JC Raulston Arboretum Newsletter Number 3, Spring 1998 Director’s Letter Spring greetings from the JC Raulston Arboretum! This garden- ing season is in full swing, and the Arboretum is the place to be. Emergence is the word! Flowers and foliage are emerging every- where. We had a magnificent late winter and early spring. The Cornus mas ‘Spring Glow’ located in the paradise garden was exquisite this year. The bright yellow flowers are bright and persistent, and the Students from a Wake Tech Community College Photography Class find exfoliating bark and attractive habit plenty to photograph on a February day in the Arboretum. make it a winner. It’s no wonder that JC was so excited about this done soon. Make sure you check of themselves than is expected to seedling selection from the field out many of the special gardens in keep things moving forward. I, for nursery. We are looking to propa- the Arboretum. Our volunteer one, am thankful for each and every gate numerous plants this spring in curators are busy planting and one of them. hopes of getting it into the trade. preparing those gardens for The magnolias were looking another season. Many thanks to all Lastly, when you visit the garden I fantastic until we had three days in our volunteers who work so very would challenge you to find the a row of temperatures in the low hard in the garden. It shows! Euscaphis japonicus. We had a twenties. There was plenty of Another reminder — from April to beautiful seven-foot specimen tree damage to open flowers, but the October, on Sunday’s at 2:00 p.m. -
TPG Index Volumes 1-35 1986-2020
Public Garden Index – Volumes 1-35 (1986 – 2020) #Giving Tuesday. HOW DOES YOUR GARDEN About This Issue (continued) GROW ? Swift 31 (3): 25 Dobbs, Madeline (continued) #givingTuesday fundraising 31 (3): 25 Public garden management: Read all #landscapechat about it! 26 (W): 5–6 Corona Tools 27 (W): 8 Rocket science leadership. Interview green industry 27 (W): 8 with Elachi 23 (1): 24–26 social media 27 (W): 8 Unmask your garden heroes: Taking a ValleyCrest Landscape Companies 27 (W): 8 closer look at earned revenue. #landscapechat: Fostering green industry 25 (2): 5–6 communication, one tweet at a time. Donnelly, Gerard T. Trees: Backbone of Kaufman 27 (W): 8 the garden 6 (1): 6 Dosmann, Michael S. Sustaining plant collections: Are we? 23 (3/4): 7–9 AABGA (American Association of Downie, Alex. Information management Botanical Gardens and Arboreta) See 8 (4): 6 American Public Gardens Association Eberbach, Catherine. Educators without AABGA: The first fifty years. Interview by borders 22 (1): 5–6 Sullivan. Ching, Creech, Lighty, Mathias, Eirhart, Linda. Plant collections in historic McClintock, Mulligan, Oppe, Taylor, landscapes 28 (4): 4–5 Voight, Widmoyer, and Wyman 5 (4): 8–12 Elias, Thomas S. Botany and botanical AABGA annual conference in Essential gardens 6 (3): 6 resources for garden directors. Olin Folsom, James P. Communication 19 (1): 7 17 (1): 12 Rediscovering the Ranch 23 (2): 7–9 AAM See American Association of Museums Water management 5 (3): 6 AAM accreditation is for gardens! SPECIAL Galbraith, David A. Another look at REPORT. Taylor, Hart, Williams, and Lowe invasives 17 (4): 7 15 (3): 3–11 Greenstein, Susan T. -
"Growth Responses of 'Heptacodium Miconioides' to Various
J. AMER. Soc. HORT. SCI. 116(4):646-650. 1991. Growth Responses of Heptacodium miconioides to Various Photoperiods and Day/Night Temperatures Chin Chin Leel, Ted E. Bilderback2, and Judith F. Thomas3 North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7609 Additional index words. long-day plant, Heptacodium jasminoides Abstract. Photoperiod treatments of 10, 12, 14, and 16 hours and a field control were used to determine the photope- riodic response of Heptacodium miconioides Rehd. The F values for vegetative growth responses under various pho- toperiods exhibited a highly significant linear effect. Leaf count, area, and weight, shoot length, and stem weight were lower for plants exposed to the 10- or 12-hour photoperiod than those of plants grown under the 14- or 16-hour photoperiod or in the field. Plants under the 10- or 12-hour photoperiod became dormant after 5 weeks of treatment. The growth responses for the 10- and 12-hour photoperiods were similar. There also were no differences in growth responses of plants from the 14- and 16-hour photoperiods or from the field. A favorable photoperiod for growth of Heptacodium must exceed 12 hours; thus, it can be classified as a long-day plant in reference to vegetative growth. Leaf tissues under the 10- and 12-hour photoperiods were significantly thicker than those under the 14- and 16-hour periods or under field conditions due to longer cells of the palisade mesophyll layer. Plants grown in the field and under the 14- or 16-hour photoperiods were the only ones that initiated inflorescences. With days at 30C, leaf and stem dimensions were larger than those at 22C. -
Phylogenetics of the Caprifolieae and Lonicera (Dipsacales)
Systematic Botany (2008), 33(4): pp. 776–783 © Copyright 2008 by the American Society of Plant Taxonomists Phylogenetics of the Caprifolieae and Lonicera (Dipsacales) Based on Nuclear and Chloroplast DNA Sequences Nina Theis,1,3,4 Michael J. Donoghue,2 and Jianhua Li1,4 1Arnold Arboretum of Harvard University, 22 Divinity Ave, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138 U.S.A. 2Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, P.O. Box 208106, New Haven, Conneticut 06520-8106 U.S.A. 3Current Address: Plant Soil, and Insect Sciences, University of Massachusetts at Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003 U.S.A. 4Authors for correspondence ([email protected]; [email protected]) Communicating Editor: Lena Struwe Abstract—Recent phylogenetic analyses of the Dipsacales strongly support a Caprifolieae clade within Caprifoliaceae including Leycesteria, Triosteum, Symphoricarpos, and Lonicera. Relationships within Caprifolieae, however, remain quite uncertain, and the monophyly of Lonicera, the most species-rich of the traditional genera, and its subdivisions, need to be evaluated. In this study we used sequences of the ITS region of nuclear ribosomal DNA and five chloroplast non-coding regions (rpoB–trnC spacer, atpB–rbcL spacer, trnS–trnG spacer, petN–psbM spacer, and psbM–trnD spacer) to address these problems. Our results indicate that Heptacodium is sister to Caprifolieae, Triosteum is sister to the remaining genera within the tribe, and Leycesteria and Symphoricarpos form a clade that is sister to a monophyletic Lonicera. Within Lonicera, the major split is between subgenus Caprifolium and subgenus Lonicera. Within subgenus Lonicera, sections Coeloxylosteum, Isoxylosteum, and Nintooa are nested within the paraphyletic section Isika. Section Nintooa may also be non-monophyletic. -
No. 56. P E R S O N a L Ideas About the Application of the International
Mededeelingen 's Rijks Herbarium Leiden No. 56. Personal ideas about the application of theInternationa l Ruleso f Nomenclature, or, as with the Rules themselves, Inter national deliberation? II. Some denominations of Dicotyledonous Trees and Shrubs species. With a Retrospection and a set of Propositions on the Nomenclature-Rules BY Dr. J. VALCKENIER SÜRINGAR, retired prof, of the Agricultural Academy in the Netherlands. INTRODUCTION. This second Part has its origin principally in Dr. ALFRED REHDER'S "Manual of Cultivated Trees and Shrubs" 1927. That admirable work contains several revolutionary looking changes of names, which changes partly were already propagated in BAILEY'S works of the last years; and I have made a study of those names, beside others. The result is that I cannot in many cases join with REHDER'S new-old names and principles. But when I therefore criticise in all those cases REHDER'S opinion, the reader must not think thereby that I criticise REHDER'S work as a whole. I criticise the names and principles only because I think that these changes and principles are unfavourable with respect to the world's effort to obtain unity of plantnomenclature; and I don't think about criticizing the work as a whole. REHDER'S "Manual" is the result of long and arduous work; it is in its relative size the most complete, the sharpest as to the characters, the newest and most usable of all Dendrological works existing. No Dendrologist, even no Botanist, who has to do with Trees and Shrubs, can do without it. Readers, who wish eventually to obtain corrigenda and addenda to this paper or to the first part of it, are requested to communicate with the writer, who will be moreover thankful for hints and observations. -
Dipsacales Phylogeny Based on Chloroplast Dna Sequences
DIPSACALES PHYLOGENY BASED ON CHLOROPLAST DNA SEQUENCES CHARLES D. BELL,1, 2 ERIKA J. EDWARDS,1 SANG-TAE KIM,1 AND MICHAEL J. DONOGHUE 1 Abstract. Eight new rbcL DNA sequences and 15 new sequences from the 5' end of the chloroplast ndhF gene were obtained from representative Dipsacales and outgroup taxa. These were analyzed in combination with pre- viously published sequences for both regions. In addition, sequence data from the entire ndhF gene, the trnL-F intergenic spacer region,the trnL intron,the matK region, and the rbcL-atpB intergenic spacer region were col- lected for 30 taxa within Dipsacales. Phylogenetic relationships were inferred using maximum parsimony and maximum likelihood methods. Inferred tree topologies are in strong agreement with previous results from sep- arate and combined analyses of rbcL and morpholo gy, and confidence in most major clades is now very high. Concerning controversial issues, we conclude that Dipsacales in the traditional sense is a monophyletic group and that Triplostegia is more closely related to Dipsacaceae than it is to Valerianaceae. Heptacodium is only weakly supported as the sister group of the Caprifolieae (within which relationships remain largely unresolved), and the exact position of Diervilleae is uncertain. Within Morinaceae, Acanthocalyx is the sister group of Morina plus Cryptothladia. Dipsacales now provides excellent opportunities for comparative studies, but it will be important to check the congruence of chloroplast results with those based on data from other genomes. Keywords: Dipsacales, Adoxaceae, Caprifoliaceae, Morinaceae, Dipsacaceae, Valerianaceae, phylogeny, chloroplast DNA. The Dipsacales has traditionally included the Linnaea). It excludes Adoxa and its relatives, as C ap ri foliaceae (s e n s u l at o, i . -
Ken Druse Garden Photograph Collection
Ken Druse garden photograph collection Joyce Connolly Cataloging of this finding aid received Federal support from the Smithsonian Collections Care Initiative, administered by the National Collections Program. Archives of American Gardens P.O. Box 37012 Capital Gallery West, Suite 3300, MRC 506 Washington, DC 20013-7012 [email protected] http://www.aag.si.edu Table of Contents Collection Overview ........................................................................................................ 1 Administrative Information .............................................................................................. 1 Biographical Note............................................................................................................. 2 Names and Subjects ...................................................................................................... 2 Container Listing ............................................................................................................. 3 Series 1: Garden Images......................................................................................... 3 Series 2: Garden Images by Subject..................................................................... 76 Ken Druse garden photography collection AAG.DRU Collection Overview Repository: Archives of American Gardens Title: Ken Druse garden photography collection Identifier: AAG.DRU Date: 1978-2005 Extent: 18.75 Cubic feet (15 boxes; Approximately 45,000 images: 35,000 transparencies + 10,000 35mm slides.) Creator: Druse, Kenneth Language: -
Population Genetic Structure and Evolutionary History Of
Population genetic structure and evolutionary history of Psammochloa villosa (Trin.) Bor (Poaceae) revealed by AFLP marker Xu Su1 and Ting Lv2 1Qinghai Normal University 2Affiliation not available February 18, 2021 Abstract We sought to generate a preliminary demographic framework for Psammochloa villosa to support of future studies of this ecologically important desert grass species, its conservation, and sustainable utilization. Psammochloa villosa occurs in the Inner Mongolian Plateau where it is frequently the dominant species and is involved in sand stabilization and wind breaking. Here, we characterized the genetic diversity and structure of 210 individuals from 43 natural populations of P. villosa using amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers. We obtained 1728 well-defined amplified bands from eight pairs of primers, of which 1654 bands (95.72%) were polymorphic.All these values indicate that there is abundant genetic diversity, but limited gene flow in P. villosa. However, an analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) showed that genetic variation mainly exists within 43 populations of the species (64.16%), and we found that the most genetically similar populations were often not geographically adjacent. Thus, this suggests that the mechanisms of gene flow are surprisingly complex in the species and may occur over long distances. In addition, we predicted the distribution dynamics of P. villosa based on the spatial distribution modeling and found that its range has contracted continuously since the last inter-glacial period. We speculate that dry, cold climates have been critical in determining the geographic distribution of P. villosa during the Quaternary period. Our study provides new insights into the population genetics and evolutionary history of P. -
2014 Catalog
Friends School of Minnesota 1365 Englewood Avenue Saint Paul, MN 55104 Celebrating 25 years FINDING THE SALE LARPENTEUR AVE. See page 2 for a detailed Plant Sale map KEY Open gate (area map, left) HOYT AVE. Open gate (State Fair map, below) 36 Metro Transit bus stop 35W SNELLING AVE. UNDERWOOD ST. UNDERWOOD SNELLING AVE. LARPENTEUR AVE. COOPER ST. RANDALL AVE. May 9, 10, 11, 2014 CLEVELAND AVE. Minnesota COMMONWEALTHTH Mother’s Day Weekend State Fair COMO AVE. 280 CONSTRUCTION ZONE COSGROVE AVE COSGROVE XXXXXXX DAN PATCH AVE. Minnesota State Fair COMMONWEALTH DAN PATCH UNIVERSITY AVE. THE MIDWAY P CARNES AVE. Grandstand 94 JUDSON AVE. Free admission and parking LIGGETT ST. UNDERWOOD ST. UNDERWOOD CANFIELD ST. COMO AVE. SNELLING AVE. www.FriendsSchoolPlantSale.com 25th Annual Friends School Plant Sale May 9, 10, and 11, 2014 Friday 9:00 A.M.–8:00 P.M.• Saturday 10:00 A.M.–6:00 P.M. Sunday 10:00 A.M.–2:00 P.M. – remaining plants are one-third off on Sunday at the Minnesota State Fair Grandstand • Free admission • Free parking www.FriendsSchoolPlantSale.com [email protected] • 651–621–8930 BUTTON BLAZING STAR. PHOTO BY PAT THOMPSON BUTTON PHOTO BY PAT BLAZING STAR. 25Years at the Plant Sale Contents ARTICLES About Friends School . .2 How to Do the Sale . .3 Garden Fair . .4 There are no pictures of the first Friends School Plant Sale, held in May 1990. This image is from the 1996 or 1997 sale, which Workshops . .5 was on the grounds of the Twin Cities Friends meeting house on Grand Avenue in Saint Paul. -
Uncommon Shrub with Seasonal Interest
EXTENSION'S m NC STATE UNIVERSITY NORTH CAROLINA COOPERATIVE EXTENSION Carolinians JC Raulston Arboretum Plant Focus Increase Their Knowledge of Uncommon Shrub with Seasonal Interest Gardening, Manage Their !• inding a distinctive tree or shrub that brings a stellar display to any fall and • wintergarden could not be any morerewarding than with the seven-son Landscape flower, Heptacodium miconioides. Fragrant flowers, beautiful fruits and Investment & showy bark bring out the best inevery garden's design and arcconveniently Protect the packaged in this specimen. Environment Buds appear in early summer and are almost forgotten untilclusters of seven small flowers cover theentire canopy in fragrant, white petals every September. After the veil of white fades, the flower's sturdier calyx wraps rounded seeds in vivid colorsof cherry red to rose purple. Winter brings the opportune moment to reveal the beautiful exfoliating bark. Stems as small as 1/2 inch can have theirgray-brown bark peel back The Proper to show a lighter, inner surface, most evident in the colder months when the plant is without its deciduous canopy. Care of Heptacodium niiconioides can grow 10- to 20-feet tall and half as Shade wide in fountain-like shrub or single-trunk tree forms, depending on the gardener's choice and pruning. This moderately fast grower thrives in a range of soils from poor to rich, while preferring not to dry out completely. All of these features combine to make this a versatile specimen or complementary plant with a relatively small footprint in a somewhat shaded urban garden or as a standout in a much larger design.