Addressing Hesitancy in Treatment Intensification Beyond Basal Insulin
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GLP-1 Receptor Agonists
Cognitive Vitality Reports® are reports written by neuroscientists at the Alzheimer’s Drug Discovery Foundation (ADDF). These scientific reports include analysis of drugs, drugs-in- development, drug targets, supplements, nutraceuticals, food/drink, non-pharmacologic interventions, and risk factors. Neuroscientists evaluate the potential benefit (or harm) for brain health, as well as for age-related health concerns that can affect brain health (e.g., cardiovascular diseases, cancers, diabetes/metabolic syndrome). In addition, these reports include evaluation of safety data, from clinical trials if available, and from preclinical models. GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Evidence Summary GLP-1 agonists are beneficial for patients with type 2 diabetes and obesity. Some evidence suggests benefits for Alzheimer’s disease. It is unclear whether it is beneficial for individuals without underlying metabolic disease. Semaglutide seems to be most effective for metabolic dysfunction, though liraglutide has more preclinical data for Alzheimer’s disease. Neuroprotective Benefit: Evidence from many preclinical studies and a pilot biomarker study suggest some neuroprotective benefits with GLP-1 agonists. However, whether they may be beneficial for everyone or only a subset of individuals (e.g. diabetics) is unclear. Aging and related health concerns: GLP-1 agonists are beneficial for treating diabetes and cardiovascular complications relating to diabetes. It is not clear whether they have beneficial effects in otherwise healthy individuals. Safety: GLP-1 agonists are generally safe for most people with minor side effects. However, long-term side effects are not known. 1 Availability: Available Dose: Varies - see Chemical formula: C172H265N43O51 (Liraglutide) as a prescription chart at the end of MW: 3751.262 g/mol medicine. -
Therapeutic Medications Against Diabetes: What We Have and What We Expect
Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews 139 (2019) 3–15 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/addr Therapeutic medications against diabetes: What we have and what we expect Cheng Hu a,b, Weiping Jia a,⁎ a Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Key Clinical Center for Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai 200233, People's Republic of China b Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital South Campus, 6600 Nanfeng Road, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China article info abstract Article history: Diabetes has become one of the largest global health and economic burdens, with its increased prevalence and Received 28 June 2018 high complication ratio. Stable and satisfactory blood glucose control are vital to reduce diabetes-related compli- Received in revised form 1 September 2018 cations. Therefore, continuous attempts have been made in antidiabetic drugs, treatment routes, and traditional Accepted 27 November 2018 Chinese medicine to achieve better disease control. New antidiabetic drugs and appropriate combinations of Available online 5 December 2018 these drugs have increased diabetes control significantly. Besides, novel treatment routes including oral antidia- betic peptide delivery, nanocarrier delivery system, implantable drug delivery system are also pivotal for diabetes Keywords: fi Diabetes control, with its greater ef ciency, increased bioavailability, decreased toxicity and reduced dosing frequency. Treatment Among these new routes, nanotechnology, artificial pancreas and islet cell implantation have shown great poten- Drug delivery tial in diabetes therapy. Traditional Chinese medicine also offer new options for diabetes treatment. -
Insulin Aspart Sanofi, If It Is Coloured Or It Has Solid Pieces in It
ANNEX I SUMMARY OF PRODUCT CHARACTERISTICS 1 This medicinal product is subject to additional monitoring. This will allow quick identification of new safety information. Healthcare professionals are asked to report any suspected adverse reactions. See section 4.8 for how to report adverse reactions. 1. NAME OF THE MEDICINAL PRODUCT Insulin aspart Sanofi 100 units/ml solution for injection in vial Insulin aspart Sanofi 100 units/ml solution for injection in cartridge Insulin aspart Sanofi 100 units/ml solution for injection in pre-filled pen 2. QUALITATIVE AND QUANTITATIVE COMPOSITION One ml solution contains 100 units insulin aspart* (equivalent to 3.5 mg). Insulin aspart Sanofi 100 units/ml solution for injection in vial Each vial contains 10 ml equivalent to 1,000 units insulin aspart. Insulin aspart Sanofi 100 units/ml solution for injection in cartridge Each cartridge contains 3 ml equivalent to 300 units insulin aspart. Insulin aspart Sanofi 100 units/ml solution for injection in pre-filled pen Each pre-filled pen contains 3 ml equivalent to 300 units insulin aspart. Each pre-filled pen delivers 1-80 units in steps of 1 unit. *produced in Escherichia coli by recombinant DNA technology. For the full list of excipients, see section 6.1. 3. PHARMACEUTICAL FORM Solution for injection (injection). Clear, colourless, aqueous solution. 4. CLINICAL PARTICULARS 4.1 Therapeutic indications Insulin aspart Sanofi is indicated for the treatment of diabetes mellitus in adults, adolescents and children aged 1 year and above. 4.2 Posology and method of administration Posology The potency of insulin analogues, including insulin aspart, is expressed in units, whereas the potency of human insulin is expressed in international units. -
Think Medicines!
Think Issue 13 August 2016 MHRA Drug Safety SGLT2 inhibitors: updated advice on the risk of diabetic Medicines!Updates can be found ketoacidosis (DKA) at the following link. The MHRA are advising health care professionals to test for raised ketones in patients with ketoacidosis symptoms, who are taking SGLT2 inhibitors even if New higher strength Humalog® plasma glucose levels are near-normal. SGLT2 inhibitors include: Canagliflozin, 200 units/ml KwikPen™ Dapagliflozin and Empagliflozin. Serious, life-threatening, and fatal cases of In order to minimize medication DKA have been reported in patients taking an SGLT2 inhibitor. In several cases, errors. blood glucose levels were only moderately elevated (e.g. <14mmol/L) Insulin lispro 200 units/ml representing an atypical presentation for DKA, which could delay diagnosis and solution for injection should treatment. ONLY be administered using the Advice for health Care Professionals: Humalog 200 units/ml pre-filled Inform patients of the signs of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) and advise them to pen (KwikPen). seek immediate medical advice if they develop any of these symptoms (e.g. When switching from one rapid weight loss, feeling sick or being sick, stomach pain, fast and deep Humalog strength to another, breathing, sleepiness, a sweet smell to the breath, a sweet or metallic taste in the dose does not need to be the mouth, or a different odour to urine or sweat). converted. Unnecessary dose Discuss the risk factors of DKA with patients. conversion may lead to under/ Discontinue treatment with the SGLT2 inhibitor immediately if DKA is over dosing and resultant hyper/ suspected or diagnosed. -
Supplementary Material
Supplementary material Table S1. Search strategy performed on the following databases: PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL). 1. Randomi*ed study OR random allocation OR Randomi*ed controlled trial OR Random* Control* trial OR RCT Epidemiological study 2. sodium glucose cotransporter 2 OR sodium glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor* OR sglt2 inhibitor* OR empagliflozin OR dapagliflozin OR canagliflozin OR ipragliflozin OR tofogliflozin OR ertugliflozin OR sotagliflozin OR sergliflozin OR remogliflozin 3. 1 AND 2 1 Table S2. Safety outcomes of empagliflozin and linagliptin combination therapy compared with empagliflozin or linagliptin monotherapy in treatment naïve type 2 diabetes patients Safety outcome Comparator 1 Comparator 2 I2 RR [95% CI] Number of events Number of events / / total subjects total subjects i. Empagliflozin + linagliptin vs empagliflozin monotherapy Empagliflozin + Empagliflozin linagliptin monotherapy ≥ 1 AE(s) 202/272 203/270 77% 0.99 [0.81, 1.21] ≥ 1 drug-related 37/272 38/270 0% 0.97 [0.64, 1.47] AE(s) ≥ 1 serious AE(s) 13/272 19/270 0% 0.68 [0.34, 1.35] Hypoglycaemia* 0/272 5/270 0% 0.18 [0.02, 1.56] UTI 32/272 25/270 29% 1.28 [0.70, 2.35] Events suggestive 12/272 13/270 9% 0.92 [0.40, 2.09] of genital infection i. Empagliflozin + linagliptin vs linagliptin monotherapy Empagliflozin + Linagliptin linagliptin monotherapy ≥ 1 AE(s) 202/272 97/135 0% 1.03 [0.91, 1.17] ≥ 1 drug-related 37/272 17/135 0% 1.08 [0.63, 1.84] AE(s) ≥ 1 serious AE(s) 13/272 2/135 0% 3.22 [0.74, 14.07] Hypoglycaemia* 0/272 1/135 NA 0.17 [0.01, 4.07] UTI 32/272 12/135 0% 1.32 [0.70, 2.49] Events suggestive 12/272 4/135 0% 1.45 [0.47, 4.47] of genital infection RR, relative risk; AE, adverse event; UTI, urinary tract infection. -
A Critical Appraisal of the Role of Insulin Analogues in the Management of Diabetes Mellitus Ralph Oiknine, Marla Bernbaum and Arshag D
Drugs 2005; 65 (3): 325-340 REVIEW ARTICLE 0012-6667/05/0003-0325/$39.95/0 2005 Adis Data Information BV. All rights reserved. A Critical Appraisal of the Role of Insulin Analogues in the Management of Diabetes Mellitus Ralph Oiknine, Marla Bernbaum and Arshag D. Mooradian Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Diabetes, and Metabolism, St Louis University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA Contents Abstract ....................................................................................325 1. Physiology of Insulin Secretion .............................................................326 2. Conventional Insulin Preparations ..........................................................327 3. Insulin Analogues ........................................................................328 3.1 Rapid-Acting Insulin Analogues .......................................................328 3.1.1 Insulin Lispro ...................................................................328 3.1.2 Insulin Aspart ..................................................................329 3.1.3 Insulin Glulisine .................................................................329 3.1.4 Clinical Utility of Rapid-Acting Insulin Analogues ...................................330 3.2 Premixed Insulins and Insulin Analogues ................................................331 3.3 Basal Insulin Analogues ...............................................................331 3.3.1 Insulin Glargine ................................................................331 -
Steglujan, INN-Ertugliflozin-Sitagliptin
25 January 2018 EMA/86941/2018 Committee for Medicinal Products for Human Use (CHMP) Assessment report Steglujan International non-proprietary name: ertugliflozin / sitagliptin Procedure No. EMEA/H/C/004313/0000 Note Assessment report as adopted by the CHMP with all information of a commercially confidential nature deleted. 30 Churchill Place ● Canary Wharf ● London E14 5EU ● United Kingdom Telephone +44 (0)20 3660 6000 Facsimile +44 (0)20 3660 5555 Send a question via our website www.ema.europa.eu/contact An agency of the European Union © European Medicines Agency, 2018. Reproduction is authorised provided the source is acknowledged. Table of contents 1. Background information on the procedure .............................................. 7 1.1. Submission of the dossier ...................................................................................... 7 1.2. Steps taken for the assessment of the product ......................................................... 8 2. Scientific discussion ................................................................................ 9 2.1. Problem statement ............................................................................................... 9 2.1.1. Disease or condition ........................................................................................... 9 2.1.2. Epidemiology .................................................................................................... 9 2.1.3. Clinical presentation .......................................................................................... -
Onglyza (Saxagliptin) Uses, Dosage, Side Effects - Drugs.Com 04/07/2015 Insulin Pump – Tubeless Feel the Freedom for Yourself! Learn About the Omnipod®
Onglyza (saxagliptin) Uses, Dosage, Side Effects - Drugs.com 04/07/2015 Insulin Pump – Tubeless Feel The Freedom For Yourself! Learn About The OmniPod®. Browse all medications A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z Advanced Search Phonetic Search Drugs A-Z Pill Identifier Interactions Checker News Health Professionals Q & A Mednotes Apps Home → Conditions → Diabetes, Type 2 → Onglyza Print Share Sign In or Register Onglyza Related Information Availability Pregnancy Category Generic Name: saxagliptin (SAX a GLIP tin) Prescription only No proven risk in Brand Names: Onglyza humans CSA Schedule Not a controlled drug Approval History Drug history at FDA Overview Side Effects Dosage Interactions For Professionals More Reviews Average User Rating Insulin Pump – Tubeless Feel The Freedom For Yourself! Learn About The 9 User Reviews 7.6 Rate it! OmniPod® Drug Class What is Onglyza? Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitors Onglyza (saxagliptin) is an oral diabetes medicine that helps control blood sugar levels . It works by regulating Related Drugs the levels of insulin your body produces after Diabetes, Type 2 eating. metformin Onglyza is for people with type 2 diabetes. It is insulin aspart Januvia sometimes used in combination with other glipizide diabetes medications, but is not for treating glimepiride type 1 diabetes . Lantus Onglyza may also be used for purposes not Invokana listed in this medication guide. Victoza glyburide Levemir Humalog Actos Important information Janumet You should not use Onglyza if you are in a state of diabetic ketoacidosis (call your doctor for Glucophage treatment with insulin). -
Komboglyze, INN-Saxagliptin, Metformin
ANNEX I SUMMARY OF PRODUCT CHARACTERISTICS 1. NAME OF THE MEDICINAL PRODUCT Komboglyze 2.5 mg/850 mg film-coated tablets Komboglyze 2.5 mg/1,000 mg film-coated tablets 2. QUALITATIVE AND QUANTITATIVE COMPOSITION Komboglyze 2.5 mg/850 mg film-coated tablets Each tablet contains 2.5 mg of saxagliptin (as hydrochloride) and 850 mg of metformin hydrochloride. Komboglyze 2.5 mg/1,000 mg film-coated tablets Each tablet contains 2.5 mg of saxagliptin (as hydrochloride) and 1,000 mg of metformin hydrochloride. For the full list of excipients, see section 6.1. 3. PHARMACEUTICAL FORM Film-coated tablet (tablet). Komboglyze 2.5 mg/850 mg film-coated tablets Light brown to brown, biconvex, round, film-coated tablets, with “2.5/850” printed on one side and “4246” printed on the other side, in blue ink. Komboglyze 2.5 mg/1,000 mg film-coated tablets Pale yellow to light yellow, biconvex, oval shaped, film-coated tablets, with “2.5/1000” printed on one side and “4247” printed on the other side, in blue ink. 4. CLINICAL PARTICULARS 4.1 Therapeutic indications Komboglyze is indicated in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus as an adjunct to diet and exercise to improve glycaemic control: in patients inadequately controlled on their maximally tolerated dose of metformin alone in combination with other medicinal products for the treatment of diabetes, including insulin, in patients inadequately controlled with metformin and these medicinal products (see sections 4.4, 4.5 and 5.1 for available data on different combinations) in patients already being treated with the combination of saxagliptin and metformin as separate tablets. -
IHS PROVIDER September 2017
September 2017 Volume 42 Number 9 Indian Health Service National Pharmacy and Therapeutics Committee SGLT-2 inhibitors (Update) NPTC Formulary Brief August Meeting 2017 Background: The FDA has currently approved three SGLT-2 inhibitors, two of which have completed FDA-mandated cardiovascular outcomes trials. Last year, in the Empagliflozin Cardiovascular Outcome Event Trial in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients (EMPA-REG), empagliflozin not only reduced cardiovascular events, but also mortality.1 This year, the Canagliflozin Cardiovascular Assessment Study (CANVAS) demonstrated equivocal cardiovascular benefits, no mortality benefit, and significant harms in those receiving canagliflozin.2 The DECLARE-TIMI 58 cardiovascular study of dapagliflozin will be completed in April 2019 (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01730534). Uncertainty remains regarding the current data, long- term benefits and harms, and differentiation among SGLT-2 inhibitors. Following a review of SGLT2 inhibitors at the August 2017 NPTC meeting on their cardiovascular outcomes, net benefit and place in therapy, no modifications were made to the National Core Formulary (NCF). Discussion: EMPA-REG enrolled 7,020 patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and HgbA1c values between 7.0-10.0%. All patients had established cardiovascular disease (CVD) and were observed for a median duration of 3.1 years. Empagliflozin reduced the primary outcome of cardiovascular (CV) death, nonfatal myocardial infarction (MI), or nonfatal cardiovascular accident (CVA) by 6.5 events per 1000 patient-years (pt-yrs). Mortality decreased by 9.2 events per 1000 pt-yrs, primarily driven by a reduction in CV mortality of 7.8 events per 1000 pt-yrs. Heart failure hospitalization decreased by 5.1 events per 1000 pt-yrs. -
TRULICITY, INN-Dulaglutide
ANNEX I SUMMARY OF PRODUCT CHARACTERISTICS 1 1. NAME OF THE MEDICINAL PRODUCT Trulicity 0.75 mg solution for injection in pre-filled pen Trulicity 1.5 mg solution for injection in pre-filled pen Trulicity 3 mg solution for injection in pre-filled pen Trulicity 4.5 mg solution for injection in pre-filled pen 2. QUALITATIVE AND QUANTITATIVE COMPOSITION Trulicity 0.75 mg solution for injection in pre-filled pen Each pre-filled pen contains 0.75 mg of dulaglutide* in 0.5 ml solution. Trulicity 1.5 mg solution for injection in pre-filled pen Each pre-filled pen contains 1.5 mg of dulaglutide* in 0.5 ml solution. Trulicity 3 mg solution for injection in pre-filled pen Each pre-filled pen contains 3 mg of dulaglutide* in 0.5 ml solution. Trulicity 4.5 mg solution for injection in pre-filled pen Each pre-filled pen contains 4.5 mg of dulaglutide* in 0.5 ml solution. *produced in CHO cells by recombinant DNA technology. For the full list of excipients, see section 6.1. 3. PHARMACEUTICAL FORM Solution for injection. Clear, colourless solution. 4. CLINICAL PARTICULARS 4.1 Therapeutic indications Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Trulicity is indicated for the treatment of adults with insufficiently controlled type 2 diabetes mellitus as an adjunct to diet and exercise • as monotherapy when metformin is considered inappropriate due to intolerance or contraindications • in addition to other medicinal products for the treatment of diabetes. For study results with respect to combinations, effects on glycaemic control and cardiovascular events, and the populations studied, see sections 4.4, 4.5 and 5.1. -
Protocol for Non-Interventional Studies Based on Existing Data
ABCD TITLE PAGE Protocol for non-interventional studies based on existing data TITLE PAGE Note: This template complies with the European Medicines Agency requirements on format, layout and content of a Post Authorisation safety Study (PASS) protocol of 26 Sep 2012. Please do not change structure provided in this template. Document Number: <document number> BI Study Number: <Study Number> BI Investigational Empagliflozin (Jardiance®) Product(s): Empagliflozin + Linagliptin (Glyxambi®) Empagliflozin + Metformin (Synjardy®) Title: Cardiovascular outcomes and mortality in Danish patients with type 2 diabetes who initiate empagliflozin versus liraglutide as second-line therapy: A Danish nationwide comparative effectiveness study Protocol version 1.0 identifier: Date of last version of 15JUL2018 protocol: PASS: No EU PAS register If applicable: Registration number in the EU PAS register; number: indicate “Study not registered” if the study has not been registered in the EU PAS register Active substance: A10BX12 Empagliflozin A10BK03 Empagliflozin A10BD19 Empagliflozin + Linagliptin A10BD20 Empagliflozin + Metformin A10BX07 Liraglutide A10BJ02 Liraglutide A10AE56 Insulin degludec + Liraglutide Medicinal product: Jardiance Glyxambi Synjardy Victoza Xultophy Product reference: Reference number(s) of centrally authorised products and/or, if possible, of nationally authorised products subject to the study 001-MCS-90-124_RD-01 (4.0) Boehringer Ingelheim Page 2 of 55 Protocol for non-interventional studies based on existing data BI Study Number <Study Number> <document number> Proprietary confidential information © 2019 Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH or one or more of its affiliated companies Procedure number: If applicable, Agency or national procedure number(s), e.g. EMA/X/X/XXX Joint PASS: No Research question and To compare, among patients with type 2 diabetes in Denmark, objectives: clinical outcomes among new users (initiators) of empagliflozin versus liraglutide.