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NEW DIRECTIONS Len Yearsa(Terchernobyl,:· . INTERNATIONAL EXPERT TASK FORCE for the MOSCOW NUCLEAR-SAFETY suMMIT NEW DIRECTIONS len Yearsa(terChernobyl,:· . ..... ~ ..' REPORT AND RECOMMENDAnONS . - 10 THE LEADERS OF RUSSIA AND THE Ci-7 NAnONS Center for Russian Environmental Policy • Natural ResOurces Defense Councll • Bellona Foundation · . ·~ATIONAL EXPERT TASK FORCE for the MOSCOW NUCLEAR SAFETY SUMMIT NEW DIRECTIONS Ten Years after Chernobyl REPORT AND RECOMMENDATIONS TO THE LEADERS OF RUSSIA AND THE C;-7 NATIONS Center for Russian Environmental Natural Resources Defense Council DeUona Foundation Policy 1350 New York Avenue. NW P.O. Box 2141 Leninsky Prospect 33. Room 326 Suite 300 Griinerlskka. N-oS05. Moscow. Russia 117808 Washington. DC 20005 USA Oslo. Norway (7-095) 952·2423 (202) 783-7800 . (47-22) 38-24-10 fax (7-09.5) 952·3007 fax (202) 783-5917 fax (47-22) 38-38-62 [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] ACKNOWLE,DGMENTS The Task Force and its staff would like to acknow!edge. the eXtremelyimponant contributions of Jean Reynolds, Jordy UrstaQt, Elizabeth Powers, Natalia Kryazheva, Dan Ubeny, Tanya Washington, Monique Waples, Olga Topchi, and IIya Popov in preparing and publishing this repon. ' We would like to express our deep app~tion to the w.. Alton Jones Foundation, the 1hJst for Mutual Understanding, and an anonyinous donor for their suppon whi~h made the work of the .1ask Foree ~d this r-epon possible. The Center for Russian EnvironmentalloHcy would like also to thank the John D. and . Catherine T. MacAnhur Foundation for its generous suppon. TABLE OF CONTENTS List of 1ask Force Members vii Introduction '.' : , 1 Summary of Rec()lnmendations ~ : : : 2 . Nuclear Safety ~ ~ : ~ , ~ _ "';'..: : : ~:..~..: '4 . INTRODUCTION ••••••••••••••.•...••••.•.•...••••.•...•.••••••.••••••••••••••••••••••••.•••••••••••••••••••••• ,•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• ~••••••••••• , 4 SUMMIT DECLARAI10N •••.•.•.•••.•.•• '" •.•..•.•.•.••• ~•..••••••••••••••...••.••••••••••••••••••••• :••••••••••••.••••••.•.••.•••••••••••••••••.••...••. 5 DISCUSSION •...•....•.•.............•...........•....••••••. :•......•.••....•.•••••••.• ;••••••••...••••..•.••.• ,•••••••••••••••••..••••••• :•••••••••••••••• 5 Prioritlzcltion of R~aetors .for Shutdown (POINT J) •.••.••..••••••••••••••.•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••.••••••••••..••••••••• 5 Capital for Replacement and Decommissioning (POINT 2) ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• :•••••••••••••••• 5 NQCJearDemocracy 7 INTRODUCTION ...•••• :.•.••...•...........•••••••...••••..•...••••••••••..•.•••••••••.••••••••.•••••••••••.••••••••••••••.•••••• ;.; ••••••••••.••••• :•••.. 7 SUMMIT DECLARATION .•...•.•.•..•..••••••••.•.•••••••••..•••.•••••..•..•..•••••..•••••••.•.••••••.••••.••••••.•••.•.•••.•••.•••••.••••••••••••.•••••• 7 . DISCUSSION ••••.....•••....•.•.••.•••.•.....•.....••.•••••••••••••••••..••••••.•••...••••••.•.....••.••••..•••••••••...•••••••••..••..••••••.••••••••.••••.• 8 Declassification and Accessibility of Environmental, Safety, and Health Infonnation (POINT i) •...........••..••....... 8 Publication of categories of Classified Information (POINT 2) ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• , ••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 8 Laws Governing Freedom of Information (POINT 3) •••••••••• :••••••••.••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• ;•••••• 9 Public Participation in the Environmental Review Process (POINT 4) ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• ~••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 9.' Civilian Inspection of All Nuclear Facilities (.POINT5) ••••••• :••••••••••••••••••.•••••, •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 10 Sustainable Energy Development ." , 11 . INTRODUCTION •.•....•...•...•••........•.••••.•...........••....•.....••.•.•.•..•.••..••.....••••••••••••.•••••••.••.••••.•••• ,••••••.•••••••••••••••••.. 11 SUMMIT DECLARAI10N .:..••• :..... :••••.•..•••..•.••.•..•...•.•.••..••••••.•.••.••••.••••••••••••••.•••.••.•.•.••••••••.••.•.. :.••••••••••••••••••.. 11' DISCUSSION •••••...••••..•••..•••.••....•..••.••.••••..••.••••.••..••...••.•.•••..•.•.•••••...•...••••••••••••••..•••••••••••••.•••••••••••••••••••••••••. 12 Identification of Replacement Power Alternatives. (POINT J) ..•...••..•.•••• :.••.•.•••.•.••.••••••• :•.••••.•.•••.•.•.. ~.••.•.•••••. 12 Sustainable Energy RevolVing Fund (POINT 2) ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• : •••••••••••. _••••••••••••••••• '" _••••••••• 13 : . , Development of Sustainable Energy Policies and Regulation (POINT 3) ••••••••••••••• :•••••••••••••••• ~•••••••••••••••••••••••••• , 13 Market Intermediation and Development Programs (POINT 4) ••••••••••••.•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 14.. ' Continental ElectIicity Market and Brokerage (POINT 5) ••••••••••••••••••••• :••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• ,~:J4 Irreversible Nuclear Weapon ReduCtions AND Seauity of Weapon-Usable FissUe Materials 16 INTRODUCTION •.•...•....•••.•..•.••.•••.•...........••...•....••..•..... :.......•...........................•....•....•....••....•......•..........••....•.....•..•.•. 16 SUMMIT DECLARATION ••....•....•....•...............•......•...............•......•..•........ ~............••...••................. ,.........••.•..••••••.•••.... 17 DISCUSSION- ...........•...............•........... :.. .•...............•... .........•.•.••.•...•...•.•••. ••..•.•.....••.......•.•.....•••.•..••.•..••••••.••• ••••.••.•..••. 18 Nuclear Arms Control and Disannament Initiatives (POINTS J-4) •••••••••••••• : ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 18 Verification and Fissile Materials Security (POINTS 5 AND 6) •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• : ••••••••••••••••••••• 19 Reprocessing of Spent Nuclear Fuel (POINT 7) ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• ,., ••••••••••••••••••••• 19 Ending Use of H~ (POINT 8) •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• :•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 20 Conversion of the Russian Plutonium Cities (POINT 9) ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 20 Options for Long-Term Weapon-Usable Materials Disposition (POINT JO) ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 20 THE INTERNATIONAL EXPERT TASK FORCE CO-CHAIRS DIRECTORS Dr. Alexei V.Yablokov S. Jacob SCherr, Esq.. Dr. Thomas B. Cochran Dr. Vladimir M. zakharov Mr. Frederic Hauge MEMBERS Mr. Steve Aftergood (USA) Dr. David Freeman (USA) Director, Project on Government Secrecy Former President and CEO Federation of American Scientists New York State Power Authority Dr. Igor Bashmakov (Russia) Mr. Frederic Hauge (Norway) Executive Director Managing Director, Bellona Foundation Center for Energy Efficiency (CENEF) Dr. David Holloway (USA) Dr."Frans Berkhout (UK) Co-Director . He~amme on Environmental Policy & Regulation, Center for International security and Arms Control Scien.ce PedicyResearch Unit Stanford University' . University of Sussex Dr. Vladimir Iakimets (Russia) Mr. Stewart Boyle"(UK) Vice ~JdeD!,_~~~~a-~emipalatinsk Movement Executive Director, EUropean Office International Institute for Energy Conservation Dr. Abram Iorish (Russia) Professor, Institute of State and Law Dr. Oleg Bukharin (USA) Research Staff Member Dr. Isor Kuzmin (Russia) Center for Energy and Environmental Studies Head, Laboratory for Security Theory Princeton University Russian Scientific Center MKurchatovInstitute- Dr. Francesco Calogero (Italy) Dr. Amory LoVins (USA) Secretary General Vice President and Director of Research Pugwash Conferences on Science and World Affairs Rocky Mountain Institute Dr. Thomas B. Cochran (USA) Dr. Eric Martinot (USA) Senior Scientist, Natural Resources Defense Council Energy and Resources Group University of California at Berkeley pro P~risDuboVsky(Russ.~3)- - Former Scientific'Director . Mr. Felix Matthes (Germany) . Obninsk Nuclear Power Plant Diplom:ingenieur, Energy Division, Oko-Institut . Dr. Alexander Emelyanenkov (Russia) Dr. Valery Menshikov (Russia) Chair, Movement to Novaya Zemlya Advisory Board Member Cen.ter for Russian Envir~nmental ~icy Mr. Hugo Erikssen (Russia) Journalist, Vort Land Dr. Robert S. Norris (USA) Senior Research Associate Dr. Yuri Ershov (Russia) Natural Resources Defense Council Director, Ecology Department Institute of Atomic Energy Mr. Christopher L Paine (USA) Senior Research Associate Dr. Lev Feoktistov (Russia) Natural Resources Defense Council Director, Dept. of Laser and Thermonuclear Synthesis Lebedev Physics Institute, Academy of Sciences Dr. Vladimir Popov (Russia) Staff Scientist Dr. Steve Fetter (USA) Physicians for the Prevention of Nuclear War Associate Professor, School of Public Affairs University of Maryland Dr. Lydia Popova (Russia) Dr. Gordon Thompson (USA) Director, Center for Nuclear Ecology & Energy Policy Executive Director Socio-Ecological Union Institute for Resource and Security Studies 'Dr. T.triq Rauf (Canada) Dr. Haruki liucbiya (Japan). Director, International Organizations and Director, Research Institute for Systems Technol~ Nonproll;~ation Project Monterey Institute of International Affairs Dr. Plamen Tzvetanov (Bulgaria) .Head, Energy Systems Analysis . Dr. JoSeph Rotblat (UK) Bulgarian Academy of Sciences President . Pugwash Conferences on ScienCe and WOfldAffairs Dr. Vladimir Usievlch (Russia)· r Executive Director, EaSt-West En.ergyAgency Dr. MikbaiI Rylov (Russia) Director, Inter-agency Expert Certification Center of Nuclear Dr. Frank VOD HipPel
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