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9789461663948.Pdf 1 CONTENTS forewords 4 introduction 11 ESSAYS Sandrine Colard Congoville: A Black Flâneur’s Path through a Post-Colonial City 28 Filip De Boeck Congoville–Putuville: Mirroring Models and Beyond in the (Post)Colonial World 64 Nadia Yala Kisukidi In Congoville, the “Belgian-Negros” Never Saw the Light of Day: Travelling (Back) in Time 82 Bas De Roo Sorana Munsya & Léonard Pongo Masters in Colonization? Congolese Resistance to The Colonial College of Belgian Africa? Antwerp and Its Legacies The Colonial College of (1920-1960) Antwerp (1920-1960) 113 EXHIBITION 161 About the Artists 209 Artist Interviews 219 postface 259 about the authors 265 colophon 271 3 INHOUD woord vooraf inleiding 11 ESSAYS Sandrine Colard Congoville: een zwarte flâneur op pad door een postkoloniale stad 28 Filip De Boeck Congoville–Putuville: voorbij de spiegel beelden in de (post)koloniale wereld 64 Nadia Yala Kisukidi In Congoville zagen de ‘Belgo-Negers’ nooit het daglicht: een (terug)reis in de tijd 82 Bas De Roo Sorana Munsya & Léonard Pongo Masters in de kolonisatie? Congolese weerstand De Koloniale Hogeschool tegen Belgisch Afrika? van Antwerpen en zijn De Koloniale Hogeschool erfenissen (1920-2020) van Antwerpen (1920-1960) 113 TENTOONSTELLING 161 Over de kunstenaars 209 Interviews met de kunstenaars 219 nabeschouwing 259 over de auteurs 265 colofon 271 FOREWORD BY NABILLA AIT DAOUD, VICE MAYOR FOR CULTURE, CITY OF ANTWERP At the beginning of the current legislative period, the Ant- werp municipal government expressed the wish and aspi- ration to make the city into an open history book, one in which the city’s history and genesis could be seen and read to their utmost in the streetscape. Instead of allowing mon- uments and landmarks to slip away as street elements that are no longer recognized or understood, we hope to bring them to the public’s attention and to open them to their gaze and inquiry. In so doing, our museums also have a role to play: By standing firmly with both feet in today’s world, reaching out, and looking for connections with the public who inhabit and visit our city today, museums are able to play a role in marking the pages of that history book. In a dynamic way, moreover, via an experience that captivates and stimulates the visitor, they can provide access to comprehensive and at times complicated information. In recent years we have seen ever broader social attention grow for dealing with the remembrance and representation of our colonial past. 2020—the year that marked the sixty-year- old end to Belgium’s colonization of the Congo—promised to add momentum to that process. Internationally, it proved to bring about a new acceleration and intensification of this awareness. Museum collections, and monuments and build- ings, too, are at the focal point of heated discussions. In that regard, Antwerp does not in any way stand alone: In fact, in all European countries that possessed over- seas colonies or were occupied by Nazi Germany, pub- lic debates are taking place concerning these sensitive 4 WOORD VOORAF DOOR NABILLA AIT DAOUD, SCHEPEN VOOR CULTUUR, STAD ANTWERPEN Bij de start van deze legislatuur formuleerde het Antwerpse stadsbestuur de wens en ambitie om van de stad een open geschiedenisboek te maken, waarin de geschiedenis en de genese van de stad maximaal zichtbaar en leesbaar worden in het straatbeeld. In plaats van monumenten en onroe- rend erfgoed te laten wegglippen tot elementen in het straatbeeld waarvan men de betekenis niet meer kent of begrijpt, hopen we deze onder de aandacht te brengen en te openen voor blikken en vragen van het publiek. Ook onze musea hebben daarbij een rol te spelen: door stevig met hun twee voeten in de wereld van vandaag te staan, hun voelsprieten uit te steken en de verbinding te zoeken met het publiek dat onze stad vandaag bewoont en bezoekt. Zo kunnen musea een rol spelen als bladwijzers voor dat geschiedenisboek. En bovendien kunnen ze op een dyna- mische manier, vanuit een boeiende en prikkelende ervaring voor de bezoeker, toegang verschaffen tot diepgaande en soms complexe informatie. De voorbije jaren zagen we een steeds bredere maat- schappelijke aandacht groeien voor de omgang met het her- inneren en representeren van ons koloniale verleden. 2020, het jaar dat zestig jaar einde van de kolonisatie van Congo door België markeerde, beloofde een momentum te geven aan dat proces. Het bleek internationaal een nieuwe ver- snelling en verheviging van die bewustwording te brengen. Museumcollecties, maar ook monumenten en gebouwen staan in het brandpunt van de discussie. Antwerpen staat er wat dat betreft geenszins alleen voor: FOREWORD BY NABILLA AIT DAOUD, VICE MAYOR FOR CULTURE, CITY OF ANTWERP topics. […] For now, the first lesson is that looking away 01 Ben De Vries, “Umstritten, gecontesteerd, controversé, makes no sense in these abrasive matters. They demand sensitive: Beladen Erfgoed in een an open outlook. We must offer context and enter into Europese context”, in: Beladen dialogue with one another more frequently.01 erfgoed, een ander licht op onze geschiedenis, Journal of the This is no simple situation, but there is also an opportunity: Rijksdienst voor het Cultureel Erfgoed Nederland ([Netherlands] As a society, we are awake to what we convey to coming gen- Cultural Heritage Agency), 1 erations. (February, 2019): 4-7; here, pp. 6, 7. For the Middelheim Museum, this means becoming 02 Herman Van Goethem, aware of the history of the Middelheim grounds as connected introduction for the ‘Ronde van Antwerpen’ [Antwerp roundtable], to Belgium’s colonial past. One hundred years ago, on the a symposium organized by spot where the museum is now, the Colonial College was the MAS [Museum aan de Stroom] on May 19, 2019, in the established. What are museum grounds now were the train- auditorium of the University of ing grounds for its students until the Second World War. Antwerp, Middelheim Campus. From 1920 to 1960, this school would play a significant role in the colonial system. As a protected heritage site, the building, which now houses a campus of the University of Antwerp, makes up part of the immediate surroundings of the museum park yet today. However, it also signifies ways of thinking in terms of the particular history of the museum and the exhibition: What perspectives on international art from the past dec- ades can be found here? For this observation the museum has consulted with many partners, working specifically with contemporary artists. They offer us new insights not only for our society today but also for history. To be able to study these, we must after all “continually take up the questions anew”,02 as Rector Herman Van Goethem of the Univer- sity of Antwerp puts it. A selection of these artists has been brought together by the guest curator Sandrine Colard in a 5 WOORD VOORAF DOOR NABILLA AIT DAOUD, SCHEPEN VOOR CULTUUR, STAD ANTWERPEN Eigenlijk vinden in alle landen in Europa die overzeese 01 Ben De Vries (2019). Umstritten, gecontesteerd, controversé, kolonies bezaten of bezet waren door nazi-Duitsland sensitive: Beladen erfgoed in een maatschappelijke debatten plaats rond deze gevoelige Europese context. In: Beladen thema’s. […] De eerste les voor nu is dat wegkijken in erfgoed, een ander licht op onze geschiedenis, Tijdschrift deze schurende materies geen zin heeft. Ze vereisen een van de Rijksdienst voor het open vizier. We moeten vaker context bieden en met Cultureel Erfgoed 1: 6-7. elkaar in gesprek gaan.01 Dit is geen eenvoudige situatie, maar er ligt ook een kans: we liggen er als maatschappij ‘van wakker’ wat we doorge- ven aan de komende generaties. Voor het Middelheimmu- seum betekent dit een bewust worden van de geschiedenis van het Middelheimterrein als verbonden met het Belgische koloniale verleden. Honderd jaar geleden werd, op de plek waar nu het museum is, de Koloniale Hogeschool opgericht. Wat nu museumterrein is, was tot aan de Tweede Wereld- oorlog het oefenterrein voor de studenten. Deze school zou van 1920 tot 1960 een belangrijke rol spelen in de koloniale organisatie. Het gebouw, dat nu een campus van de Univer- siteit Antwerpen huisvest, maakt als beschermd erfgoed ook vandaag nog deel uit van de onmiddellijke omgeving van het museumpark. Maar het noodzaakt ook een reflectie op het gebied van de eigen museum- en tentoonstellingsgeschiedenis: welke perspectieven op de internationale kunst van de afge- lopen decennia zijn hier te vinden? Het museum raadpleegt voor deze beschouwing vele gesprekspartners, en werkt als kunstmuseum met name samen met hedendaagse kun- stenaars. Zij bieden ons nieuwe inzichten, niet alleen op onze samenleving vandaag maar ook op de geschiedenis. FOREWORD BY NABILLA AIT DAOUD, VICE MAYOR FOR CULTURE, CITY OF ANTWERP unique exhibition: Congoville will open in the spring of 2021, in the Middelheim Museum as well as in the buildings of the former Colonial College, now the University of Antwerp. The artists not only make visible the traces of the colonial past, interwoven with those of the Middelheim site. They charge the site, moreover, with new meanings and new possibilities. Substantiated with targeted scholarly research, the exhibition and this publication intend to make a contribu- tion to the thinking about this current topic, in a nuanced way, and in addition to the many other voices in the debate. That is how the museum—together with the guest curator Sandrine Colard, with the artists in the exhibition, with the authors of this book, and with the many partners involved in both projects—contemplates the heritage of tomorrow. In this way the city’s history, in addition to its traces preserved in our heritage, can function as a catalyst for new perspec- tives on the future. 6 WOORD VOORAF DOOR NABILLA AIT DAOUD, SCHEPEN VOOR CULTUUR, STAD ANTWERPEN Om deze te kunnen bestuderen, moeten we immers, zoals 02 Herman Van Goethem, inleiding ‘Ronde van Antwerpen’, Herman Van Goethem, rector van de Universiteit Antwer- symposium georganiseerd door 02 pen het verwoordt, ‘de vraagstelling steeds hernemen’.
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