The Significance of Draco Malfoy in the Plots of J. K. Rowling’S Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince and Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows

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THE SIGNIFICANCE OF DRACO MALFOY IN THE PLOTS OF J. K. ROWLING’S HARRY POTTER AND THE HALF-BLOOD PRINCE AND HARRY POTTER AND THE DEATHLY HALLOWS

AN UNDERGRADUATE THESIS

Presented as Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Sarjana Sastra in English Letters

By MARIA FELICIA ADINDA SILALAHI Student Number: 164214111

DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH LETTERS FACULTY OF LETTERS UNIVERSITAS SANATA DHARMA YOGYAKARTA 2020

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THE SIGNIFICANCE OF DRACO MALFOY IN THE PLOTS OF J. K. ROWLING’S HARRY POTTER AND THE HALF-BLOOD PRINCE AND HARRY POTTER AND THE DEATHLY HALLOWS

AN UNDERGRADUATE THESIS

Presented as Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Sarjana Sastra in English Letters

By MARIA FELICIA ADINDA SILALAHI Student Number: 164214111

DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH LETTERS FACULTY OF LETTERS UNIVERSITAS SANATA DHARMA YOGYAKARTA 2020

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“And God shall wipe away all the tears from their eyes;

and there shall be no more death,

neither sorrow, nor crying,

neither shall there be any more pain;

for the former things are passed away.”

(Revelation 21:4)

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For Mamak, Bapak,

Kakak, Abang,

and me – myself.

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

My highest gratitude goes to Jesus Christ for His everlasting grace and blessings that keep me going against all odds and help me manage working on this undergraduate thesis. I thank Mother Mary, whom along with her fidelity and faith in God, for becoming the one I look up to in doing this thesis wholeheartedly

I send my sincerest gratitude to Dr. Gabriel Fajar Sasmita Aji, M.Hum as my thesis advisor and Sri Mulyani, Ph.D as my co-advisor for the patience, guidance, time, and knowledge given which I really appreciate during the writing process of this thesis. I also thank Simon Arsa Manggala, S.S., M.Hum as my academic advisor and all the lecturers and staff of English Letters for the guidance, knowledge, and help during my study.

My endless thanks go to Mamak and Bapak for the never-ending affection, prayers, support, and reminder in everything I do, particularly in conducting this undergraduate thesis. I also thank Kakak and Abang very much for every joke and support supplied while I am striving to finish my study.

I would like to thank all my relatives and friends for the support, especially Kak Nina and Ejak for the further insights and discussions about Draco and his family, and Kak Laras and Angel for the technical and practical help during the thesis-writing process. Last but not least, I thank these beautiful souls:

Icun, Ratri, Elly, Diana, Jenjen, Langit, Kenia, Revo, Novan, and Jul for all the suggestions, insights, discussions, and togetherness while working on our theses, for making Jogja feel like home for the last four years, and for everything.

Maria Felicia Adinda Silalahi

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TABLE OF CONTENTS TITLE PAGE ...... ii APPROVAL PAGE ...... iii ACCEPTANCE PAGE ...... iv STATEMENT OF ORIGINALITY ...... v LEMBAR PERNYATAAN PERSETUJUAN PUBLIKASI KARYA ILMIAH .. vi MOTTO PAGE ...... vii DEDICATION PAGE ...... viii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ...... ix TABLE OF CONTENTS ...... x ABSTRACT ...... xii ABSTRAK ...... xiii

CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION ...... 1 A. Background of the Study ...... 1 B. Problem Formulation ...... 3 C. Objectives of the Study ...... 4 D. Definition of Terms ...... 4

CHAPTER II: REVIEW OF LITERATURE...... 6 A. Review of Related Studies ...... 6 B. Review of Related Theories ...... 8 1. Theory of Character and Characterization ...... 8 2. Theory of Plot ...... 12 C. Theoretical Framework ...... 15

CHAPTER III: METHODOLOGY ...... 16 A. Object of the Study ...... 16 B. Approach of the Study ...... 18 C. Method of the Study ...... 19

CHAPTER IV: ANALYSIS...... 21 A. Description of Draco Malfoy as a Minor Character ...... 21 1. Harry Potter and Companions‟ Enemy ...... 22 2. Albus Dumbledore‟s Supposed-To-Be-Murderer ...... 23 3. A Reluctant Death Eater...... 25 4. Narcissa Malfoy‟s Son ...... 27 B. The Plots of Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince and Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows ...... 30 1. Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince ...... 30 2. Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows ...... 40 C. Significance of Draco Malfoy to the Plots of Harry Potter and the Half- Blood Prince and Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows ...... 52 1. Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince ...... 52 2. Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows ...... 57

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CHAPTER V: CONCLUSION ...... 63

REFERENCES ...... 66

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ABSTRACT

SILALAHI, MARIA FELICIA ADINDA. (2020). The Significance of Draco Malfoy as Minor Character in the Plots of J. K. Rowling’s Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince and Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows. Yogyakarta: Department of English Letters, Faculty of Letters, Universitas Sanata Dharma. Everyone has different roles in life and the roles can be the benchmark to see how prominent a person is in a wider extent. Nevertheless, this does not mean that the other people who are less significant are insignificant at all. The same goes for the minor characters in literary work as there are many of them who are significant to the plots of the literary work they are in. One of the literary works that possess numerous significant minor characters is J. K. Rowling‟s Harry Potter series. This study uses the last two novels of the series, Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince and Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows, as the objects of the study due to their well-depicted characters and well-written plot developments and because they reveal the true sides of Draco Malfoy, a minor character in the series. The researcher formulates three problems in this study. The first problem formulation discusses the description of Draco Malfoy as minor character. The second problem discusses the plots of Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince and Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows. The last problem discusses the significance that Draco Malfoy has on the plots of the two novels. This undergraduate thesis is conducted by applying library research. The primary sources of data are Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince and Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows novels, while the secondary sources are some other books, journals, and online articles. In answering the problems formulated, the researcher applies M. J. Murphy‟s theory of character and characterization and Edgar V. Roberts and Henry E. Jacobs‟ theory of plot. Formalist approach is applied in conducting this study. This study finds that in the last two novels Draco Malfoy is described as a minor character due to his functions, mainly as a foil to the major character. The main function is revealed through the roles he plays: as Harry Potter and companions‟ enemy, Albus Dumbledore‟s supposed-to-be murderer, a reluctant Death Eater, and Narcissa Malfoy‟s son. Then, it is revealed that the plots of the two novels are the general ones with the structures consisting of exposition, complication, crisis, climax, and resolution. Lastly, there are significances that Draco Malfoy gives to the plots of the two novels due to his mentioned roles as a minor character. He mainly becomes the one causing some minor conflicts leading to the major one and becomes the significant supporting character since his actions motivated by his roles influence numerous crucial parts of the plots. Keywords: Significance, Minor Character, Plot, Draco Malfoy, Harry Potter

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ABSTRAK

SILALAHI, MARIA FELICIA ADINDA. (2020). The Significance of Draco Malfoy as Minor Character in the Plots of J. K. Rowling’s Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince and Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows. Yogyakarta: Program Studi Sastra Inggris, Fakultas Sastra, Universitas Sanata Dharma. Setiap orang memiliki peran yang berbeda dan peran tersebut dapat menjadi tolok ukur untuk mengetahui seberapa penting seseorang dalam cakupan yang lebih luas. Namun hal ini tidak menutup kemungkinan bahwa dalam cakupan yang sama orang lain dapat memainkan peran yang juga cukup penting. Hal yang sama berlaku pada tokoh-tokoh minor dalam karya sastra. Salah satu karya sastra dengan sejumlah tokoh minor yang signifikan adalah serial Harry Potter yang ditulis oleh J. K. Rowling. Skripsi ini menggunakan kedua novel terakhir dari seri tersebut, Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince dan Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows, sebagai objek penelitian karena memiliki penokohan dan perkembangan plot yang ditulis dengan baik serta menunjukkan sisi sejati Draco Malfoy, seorang tokoh minor dalam serial ini. Peneliti merumuskan tiga masalah dalam skripsi ini. Rumusan masalah pertama membahas deskripsi Draco Malfoy sebagai tokoh minor. Rumusan masalah kedua membahas plot kedua novel. Rumusan masalah ketiga membahas signifikansi yang dimiliki oleh Draco Malfoy di kedua plot. Skripsi ini disusun dengan mengaplikasikan metode penelitian kepustakaan dalam mengumpulkan data-data yang diperlukan. Sumber data utama adalah novel Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince dan Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows, sementara sumber data sekunder adalah beberapa buku, jurnal, dan artikel-artikel online. Dalam menjawab rumusan masalah, peneliti mengaplikasikan teori karakter dan karakterisasi dari M. J. Murphy dan teori plot dari Edgar V. Roberts dan Henry E. Jacobs. Pendekatan formalis diaplikasikan dalam menyusun skripsi ini. Skripsi ini menyimpulkan bahwa dalam kedua novel Draco Malfoy dideskripsikan sebagai tokoh minor terutama melalui fungsinya sebagai antitesis dari tokoh mayor. Hal tersebut terlihat dari peran yang ia mainkan: sebagai musuh terhadap Harry Potter dan kawan-kawan, seseorang yang ditugaskan untuk membunuh Albus Dumbledore, seorang Pelahap Maut yang enggan, dan seorang putra dari Narcissa Malfoy. Skripsi ini juga menyimpulkan bahwa plot dari kedua novel tersebut adalah plot yang umum dengan struktur plot yang terdiri dari eksposisi, komplikasi, krisis, klimaks, dan resolusi. Pada akhirnya, disimpulkan bahwa Draco Malfoy merupakan tokoh yang signifikat karena peran yang ia mainkan. Umumnya, Draco Malfoy menjadi tokoh yang sifginifikan karena pengaruhnya yang menyebabkan terjadinya sejumlah konflik kecil yang mengarah pada konflik besar dan karena aksi-aksinya yang dilandasi oleh peran yang ia mainkan mempengaruhi sejumlah bagian penting dalam plot. Kata kunci: Significance, Minor Character, Plot, Draco Malfoy, Harry Potter

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CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

A. Background of the Study

In daily life, everyone has their own roles that make themselves different from the others. Although it depends on the situation and perspective, roles can be the benchmark to see how significant a person is in an organization or other wider extents. However, although that one person is perhaps more significant than other people, it does not mean that the others are not significant at all. The same goes for the characters in a literary work.

There are numerous kinds of characters in a literary work. However, when one talks about the prominence of a character, characters are divided into two categories: major characters and minor characters. According to Koesnosoebroto

(1988), major character is the most essential character in a story, while minor characters are present in order to make the storyline “more convincing and lifelike” and said to be less significant than major character. Nonetheless, major character needs minor characters because he cannot stand alone (p. 67).

Nevertheless, although it is undeniably true that plot is mostly about the life of the major character, the minor character also plays important part as well since fiction is actually the representation of human contexts, thus the ones that populate the fictional world and establish the human contexts in the fiction are the minor characters (Henkle, 1977, p. 94). In addition, it is stated by Barnet, Burto, and Cain (2011) that plot and characters are inseparable elements in a fiction since

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plot is essentially more than a series of events that occur in a story, but a series of events that are caused by characters, reveal the characters, and influence the characters (p. 359). It is also said that ignoring the composite setups of the minor character is a big disadvantage for the readers when it comes to revealing the novel‟s meaning and image (Henkle, 1977, pp. 100-101). These statements are the open doors to more possibilities that minor characters can be the ones causing events to happen in a literary work, hence it makes the minor characters prominent. Therefore, this study aims to see how a minor character gives significance to the plot of a story and to find out how a plot develops under the significance of the particular minor character.

Harry Potter series is an example of literary works possessing numerous minor characters with significant roles in the story. In conducting this study, the researcher uses the last two novels of Harry Potter series, Harry Potter and the

Half-Blood Prince and Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows, as the objects of the study. The objects are chosen for their well-depicted characters and well- written plot development. Furthermore, the last two novels reveal the hidden side of a minor character named Draco Malfoy. The researcher finds the mentioned character starts playing bigger and more significant roles and becomes the key to many of the minor conflicts leading to the major one in the novels, making the character become more intriguing and show the hidden side that has never been truly revealed before.

Harry Potter is a series of fantasy novel written by a British author, J. K.

Rowling, about the adventure of a young wizard named Harry Potter in defeating

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a dark wizard called Lord Voldemort. There are numerous topics concerned in the series, such as friendship, good versus evil, bravery, and so on. Even though

Harry Potter as the major character has the biggest role in the series, it does not mean that the roles of minor characters in the series are insignificant. One of the minor characters that has such significant role is Draco Malfoy.

Draco Malfoy is a minor character that is depicted as a bully who has rivalry against Harry Potter and companions throughout the series. However, in the last two novels of the series which are Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince and Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows, Draco acts a bit differently than he has usually done in the previous novels. This is because he joins the Death Eaters, a group of dark wizards and witches who are the followers of a famous dark wizard known as Lord Voldemort, and is assigned to a task of assassinating Albus

Dumbledore, the headmaster of Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry.

These actions taken by Draco mark him as the reason behind many conflicts occurring that lead to the major conflict in the novels. These also mark the start of how his character starts playing a bigger role than merely a bully. The way Draco

Malfoy is depicted and acts in the last two novels interests the researcher to reveal how the plot of a literary work can develop under the significance of a particular minor character by analyzing the character.

B. Problem Formulation

There are three problems formulated that will be discussed in this study.

They are:

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1. How is Draco Malfoy described in Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince

and Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows as a minor character?

2. How are the plots of Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince and Harry

Potter and the Deathly Hallows organized?

3. How does Draco Malfoy play a significant role in the plots of Harry Potter

and the Half-Blood Prince and Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows as a

minor character?

C. Objectives of the Study

This study aims to answer the problems stated before. The first objective is to see how Draco Malfoy is described in the last two novels of the series which are Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince and Harry Potter and the Deathly

Hallows. The second is to find out how the plots of the last two novels of the series are organized. The third and the last objective is to observe how Draco

Malfoy plays significant roles in the plots of the last two novels as a minor character.

D. Definition of Terms

This part is to expound the meaning of some prominent terms used in this study and is conducted to gain the same understanding of this thesis‟ content.

Minor Character

Minor character is the character that even though is said to be less prominent than the major one (Koesnosoebroto, 1988, p. 67) is still prominent due

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to their existence that establish the human context in literary work (Henkle, 1977, p. 94) and their composite setups that greatly contribute in revealing the meaning and image of a literary work (Henkle, 1977, p. 100).

Plot

Plot is defined as an element in a literary work which is formed by a series of events happen to and actions done by characters and leads the story to reach

“particular artistic and emotional effects” (Abrams & Harpham, 2012, p. 293).

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CHAPTER II

REVIEW OF LITERATURE

A. Review of Related Studies

There are two related studies discussed in this part of the study. As the objects of this study are J. K. Rowling‟s Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince and Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows which are two books of the Harry

Potter series, the two related studies that will be discussed in this part concern the same series as the objects.

The first study is a journal written by Fabian Firman Elmar and Maria

Ananta in 2017 from Department of English Letters, Universitas Sanata Dharma, entitled Creature Symbols to Foreshadow Harry’s Confrontation with his Past in

J.K. Rowling’s Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban. In the journal, Elmar and Ananta see symbols as a major element in a literary work because symbols have different meaning compared to the literary meaning of the symbol itself and hence they contain hidden meanings. Meanwhile, foreshadowing is seen as an act to give readers the clue to the events that will happen in the future of the story. In

Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban, Elmar and Ananta found three creatures‟ symbols. The first creature is a black dog that represents Sirius‟ loyalty to his friends, who are Harry‟s parents. The black fur symbolizes the grief he felt for the death of his friends, yet the alikeness to the Grim symbolizes his revenge towards Peter Pettigrew for betraying him and the others. The second one is the rat Scabbers, that represents betrayal, cowardice, and scheming trickery which are

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the traits of Peter Pettigrew. The last creature is dementors, which symbolize depression as misery and despair. The black dog and the rat reveal Harry‟s past about the true one that betrayed his parents when he was one year old and the innocent man on which the blame was, while the dementors foreshadows the conflict between Harry and his past. This journal is relevant to this undergraduate thesis as both discuss Harry Potter series as their objects and focus on the intrinsic elements of the literary work. However, while the journal focuses on the symbols representing the major character‟s fear in Harry Potter, this undergraduate thesis is different because it discusses a minor character and his roles and how the plot of the literary work develops under his influence.

The second related study is a journal written by Alvanita from Universitas

Gadjah Mada in 2012 entitled The Character Development of Neville Longbottom in the Harry Potter Series. The study aims to see the character development of a minor character named Neville Longbottom and how this character gives significance to Harry Potter series. In the study, Alvanita found that Neville is significant in the story for his character development. In his earlier years in

Hogwarts, Neville is a shy, forgetful and obedient kid. However, in the later years he has overcome his weaknesses in terms of memory and concentration that it enables him to be a quick learner and to decrease his forgetful memory. The fact that he eventually masters Herbology is also another reason that shapes his confidence. Although he is a peaceful person, he no longer stays silent when being bullied, instead, he has learned how to fight back when needed. Neville turns from a shy kid into a courageous young man. Neville‟s character

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development is influenced by his motivation to change for the better. The motivations he gets come from his family and friends. His family and friends are supportive toward Neville and they inspire him to become better. Neville wants to save them and as he is being courageous when doing so, he proves that he can become a great person. This journal and this undergraduate thesis are relevant because they do not only discuss the same literary work as their object, but also focus on how a minor character becomes significant to the plot of a literary work.

Nevertheless, what distinguishes the two studies is while the journal focuses on the character development of a minor character, this undergraduate thesis focuses on the roles played by a minor character in a literary work.

B. Review of Related Theories

1. Theory of Character and Characterization

Character is the person who acts in a literary work. According to Abrams and Harpham (2012), characters are the people existing in a story who have moral, dispositional, and emotional qualities shown through their speech and actions (p. 46). They stated that a character may stay basically “stable” or unchanged in the way of viewpoint and characterization from the beginning until the end of the work, or may experience a significant change, either through a steady progress or as an outcome of a conflict (Abrams & Harpham, 2012, p. 46).

When one talks about characterization, there are some ways to see a character and this is based on the way how people in real life get to know each other. In Understanding Unseens: An Introduction to English Poetry and the

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English Novel for Overseas Students, Murphy (1972) stated that there are nine things to observe in seeing the characterization of a character in a story: the personal description or physical appearance, the way other characters see them, the character‟s speech, past life, other characters‟ conversation about them, the character‟s reactions, direct comment from the author, the character‟s thoughts, and mannerism (pp. 161-173).

There is a type of character that depends on the morality of the character, in which the terms protagonist and antagonist are often used. „Protagonist‟ is rooted from Greek which means „a competitor at games‟. The protagonist is usually depicted as the hero or heroine in conventional fiction and is described as an admirable character that represents the morally good strengths and qualities

(Koesnosoebroto, 1988, p. 67). However, Roberts and Jacobs (1989) stated that many major characters are anything but heroic hence it is better to use the term

„protagonist‟ which indicates the character as the center of attention and action (p.

145).

In numerous fictions, a significant opponent is set against the protagonist and is called the antagonist, that represents the opposite values and qualities against the morally good protagonist‟s (Koesnosoebroto, 1988, p. 67).

Furthermore, the antagonist can be referred to as villain or villainess if the antagonist is evil (Koesnosoebroto, 1988, p. 68).

When one talks about the prominence of a character, characters can be divided into two categories; major characters and minor characters. According to

Koesnosoebroto (1988), major character is the most essential character in a story.

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Even so, major character needs minor characters because he cannot stand alone.

Minor characters are present in order to make the storyline “more convincing and lifelike” and said to be less significant than major character (p. 67).

Furthermore, Henkle in Reading the Novel: An Introduction to the

Techniques of Interpreting Fiction (1977) stated that complexity of the characterization, biggest attention given to a character, and the personal intensity a character seems to spread are the elements that create a major character (Henkle, p. 87). As a fiction is essentially about the life of a major character, hence it is the major character that deserves a reader‟s total attention and this is because a reader will understand the main storyline of a novel to the fullest when he or she understands the major character (Henkle, 1977, p. 92). It is also said that the major character is the one performing a key structural function, which means it is upon them the readers will shape their expectations and desires about what is going to happen in a novel (Henkle, 1977, p. 92). By identifying these in a character, a reader is able to find the major character and distinguish them from the minor ones.

While the major character performs a key structural function, the minor characters are the ones performing more limited functions (Henkle, 1977, p. 94), which means that although a minor character can be complex, they are generally less intense and less sophisticated compared to the major character and their responses are usually less interesting than the major character‟s (Henkle, 1977, p.

97). This often leads the minor characters to be overlooked and dismissed, although actually their composite setups greatly contribute in revealing the

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meaning and image of a literary work (Henkle, 1977, pp. 100-101). However, the minor characters‟ functions are later revealed, to be what make the minor characters significant in a literary work: as elements of the society that creates the human context, as average and ordinary points of reference, as foils to the major characters, as analogues to the major characters, as complex rendition of human circumstances, and as the features‟ symbols of well-controlled state of being

(Henkle, 1977, p. 100). As this study concerns the description of minor characters, then a further explanation of minor characters need to be elaborated.

The first function is to be the elements of the society that creates the human context. In literary work, minor characters are present to populate the fictional world since fiction itself represents human context and it is the function of minor characters to establish that (Henkle, 1977, p. 94).

The second one is to be the average and ordinary points of reference, which means minor characters are able to play larger roles without getting to the point of the major characters‟ prominence. This kind of minor characters is more likely to become the friend of major characters or someone who frequently interacts with the major characters. The personalities are revealed well enough for the readers to understand and to see that they are possibly the representative of average people at that time, as his views on things are most likely what readers will expect in most people and his morality is the ordinary one (Henkle, 1977, p.

95).

The third function is to be the foil to the major characters. The interaction between the minor characters as the foils and the major characters is most likely to

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be in the form of clashes. The interactions reveal the critical elements or difficulties of the major characters. The interactions also allow crucial concerns of a novel are brought into the surface (Henkle, 1977, pp. 95-96).

The fourth one is to be the analogues to the major characters. Minor characters turn into the analogues to the major characters when they experience the similar emotional state as the major characters or when they contribute in the same situations with the major characters (Henkle, 1977, p. 97).

The fifth function is to be the complex rendition of human circumstances.

Minor characters function as the complex rendition of human because of their limited human flexibility and assortment and because they stay in one eccentric mold of behavior. Although humans in real life are complex and ambiguous, inside a fictional world limited type of humans are very real (Henkle, 1977, pp.

99-100).

The sixth and the last function is to be the features‟ symbols of well- controlled state of being. In many circumstances, the minor characters are created not to be lifelike at all, but to be symbolic or representatives of the mood or settings of minds that pervades the book (Henkle, 1977, p. 100).

2. Theory of Plot

Plot is another intrinsic element in a fiction. E.M Forster (1974) defined plot as a narrative of events with causalities to each event (p. 60), while Stanton

(1965) stated plot as “the backbone of a story” for its stronger self-evidence than some of other story‟s intrinsic elements (p. 15). Stanton further explained that it is impossible for readers to understand the story without a strong knowledge of “its

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events, its links of cause-and-effects, and its degree of inevitability” (Stanton,

1965, p. 15).

According to Roberts and Jacobs (1989), plot is a number of actions or events that occur to or done by the characters in chronological order. It is also stated that every aspect in a well-plotted literary work is related to each other, hence time is a significant aspect not because an event occurs after another, but because an event occurs because of another (p. 98). Therefore, the events that occur in a plot happen to be the cause of and the effect for other events (Roberts &

Jacobs, 1989, p. 57).

Literature does have its common aspects of structure that apply to all the genres. According to Roberts and Jacobs (1989), there are five elements that present in a literary work and shape “the backbone, skeleton, or pattern of development” in the work; they are exposition, complication, crisis, climax, and resolution or dénouement (pp. 101-102).

The first element is exposition. Exposition is the part in a literary work that introduces the significant materials such as the main characters, the backgrounds, life assumptions, objectives, limitations, and the potentials.

Exposition provides every aspect that is going to be important in the plot (Roberts

& Jacobs, 1989, p. 101).

The second one is complication. Complication is the part when the beginning of a major conflict arises. Both the protagonists and antagonists with their own ideas and principles, which later will be shown such as “good and evil,

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individualism and collectivization” etc., are the contributors in this part (Roberts

& Jacobs, 1989, p. 101).

The third element is crisis. Crisis is the turning point in a plot, which marks the parting of the events that have occurred and the events that will come after that. In other words, the crisis is generally a part in which the characters start taking a decision and doing an action needed in order to resolve the conflict

(Roberts & Jacobs, 1989, p. 101).

The fourth one is climax. Climax, rooted from a Greek word that means

“ladder”, is the peak of an action that brings the conflict and the consequence to the fullest level. Climax can also be viewed as the point in which all the actions needed to take in order to resolve the conflict have all been done, ending up being inevitable with no return (Roberts & Jacobs, 1989, p. 101).

The fifth and the last element is resolution or dénouement. The resolution or dénouement is a pile of actions that lead the story to its conclusion and ending.

When a major conflict is resolved, an action taken in that part marks the final of a story (Roberts & Jacobs, 1989, p. 102).

Plot, however, is impossible to exist without conflict (Harmon & Holman,

2011, p. 421). Harmon and Holman (2011) described conflict as “the struggle that grows out of the interplay of two opposing forces” (p. 123). According to Stanton

(1965), conflict and climax are the two crucial elements of a plot. A literary work encompasses internal conflicts, which happen between two desires within a character, or external conflicts, which occur between characters or between a character and his environment. These two kinds of conflict are taking places in

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turn to the central conflict, which can be in the forms of external, internal, or both.

A central conflict is the conflict occurring between essential and opposing qualities of forces, such as good and evil. A story can consist of more than one conflict, but the most important conflict to the plot is the central conflict and it is related to the theme of the story (p. 16).

C. Theoretical Framework

In order to answer the questions that have been formulated, formalist approach and two theories are applied in this study. The theories applied are theory of character and characterization and theory of plot.

The first research question aims to find out how Draco Malfoy is depicted in Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince and Harry Potter and the Deathly

Hallows as a minor character. This will be answered by applying theory of character and characterization.

The second one aims to see how the plots of Harry Potter and the Half-

Blood Prince and Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows are organized. In order to answer the question, theory of plot will be applied to see how the plot develops.

The third one aims to observe how Draco Malfoy plays significant roles in the plot of the last two novels. Theory of character and characterization and theory of plot will be applied to see how the character gives significance to the plot.

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CHAPTER III

METHODOLOGY

A. Object of the Study

The literary works used by the researcher in conducting this study are the last two novels of Harry Potter series by J. K. Rowling entitled Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince and Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows. Harry Potter is a series of fantasy novel written by a British author, J. K. Rowling, about the adventure of an orphan named Harry Potter who has been living in lonely and ironic way with his rude uncle, aunt, and cousin. Finding out that he and his parents are wizards, Harry starts attending Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and

Wizardry and living his extraordinary life with Ron Weasley and Hermione

Granger, his best friends from the school. Harry and his friends struggle in life as they must do a lot of dangerous things for the good: protecting their loved ones, fighting for truths and justice, and defeating Lord Voldemort, the dark wizard that has become the main reason for the unfortunate and treacherous things happen or might happen to Harry and his loved ones. The last two novels of the series,

Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince and Harry Potter and the Deathly

Hallows, mainly tell about Harry Potter‟s journey in his sixth and supposed-to-be- seventh year in Hogwarts to defeat his enemy the dark wizard Lord Voldemort by hunting the Horcruxes or Voldemort‟s separate parts of souls and destroy them.

However, although the series is about the journey of Harry as the major character,

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the series possesses other minor characters that are not insignificant. One of the minor characters is Draco Malfoy.

Draco Malfoy is one of significant minor characters that appear throughout the Harry Potter series. He attends Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry in the same year as Harry and is sorted into the House of Slytherin. Both Draco and Harry do not get along with each other at all and they have rivalry against each other since their first meeting in the train to school, as Harry rejects Draco‟s friendship proposal. Draco becomes such bully toward Harry and others since then. However, in the last two novels of the series which are Harry Potter and the

Half-Blood Prince and Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows, Draco starts to show differences in the way he behaves compared to the way he has always done and this is because he joins the Death Eaters and is assigned to a task of assassinating Albus Dumbledore. Therefore, in the last two novels, it shows how his character starts playing a bigger role than merely a bully.

Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince is the sixth book of Harry Potter series. The novel was published on July 16, 2005 by Bloomsbury Publishing Plc in the UK and Scholastic Inc. in the US. The novel broke another record of publishing as 6.9 million copies in the US and more than 2 million copies in the

UK were sold in the first 24 hours (Ross, 2017). The book won numerous awards, such as British Book Awards 2006, Nickelodeon‟s 2006 Kid‟s Choice Awards

Book of the Year, 2005 Quill Children‟s Chapter/Middle Grade Book of the Year, and so on (Harry Potter: Awards, accessed on 2019). The book, like the other previous books of the series, was adapted into film and gained success in the box

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office. For this study, the book of Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince that the researcher uses is the 2018-published edition by Scholastic Inc.

Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows is the final book of Harry Potter series. It was published on 21 July 2007 by Bloomsbury Publishing Plc in the UK and Scholastic Inc. in the US. By selling 2.7 million copies in the UK and 8.3 million copies in the US in the first 24 hours, the book broke another fastest- selling record that previously was held by the sixth book of Harry Potter series

(Harry Potter finale hits 11 m, 2007). The book also won numerous awards, such as New York Times 100 Notable Books and Notable Children‟s Book 2007,

Publisher‟s Weekly Best Books of 2007, Newsweek Best Book of the Year 2007, and so on (Harry Potter: Awards, accessed on 2019). The book was adapted and made into two separate films which have gained success in the box office. For this study, the book of Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows that the researcher uses is the 2018-published edition by Scholastic Inc.

B. Approach of the Study

In conducting this study, the researcher applies formalist approach.

Guerin, Labor, Morgan, Reesman, and Willingham (2011) stated that formalist approach involves intensive reading, which finds sensitivity to the words of the text and all the denotative and connotative standards and effects necessary, in order to find the significant policies to what the work delivers by seeing the numerous meanings or even the etymologies of the words as written in dictionaries. This will lead the readers not only to a deeper understanding about

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the words and their meanings, but also the structural relationships of larger units such as stanzas in a poem or the tone or mood a text may create (p. 74).

Furthermore, the formalist approach ignores the historical and biographical information as a part of a literary text and thus lets the reader focus on the text as a separate object instead. In other words, formalist approach concerns the intrinsic aspects of a literary work (Guerin et al, 2011, p. 121).

Formalist approach is applied because it is relevant to the topic discussed which covers two of the intrinsic aspects of a literary work, which are the character and the plot, without dealing with the historical or biographical aspects outside the literary work. This study discusses the characteristics of Draco

Malfoy, the plots of Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince and Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows, and the significance the character of Draco Malfoy gives to the plots. As the study focuses on the relationship between characters and plot as two intrinsic aspects or two larger units in a literary work, thus formalist approach is the most appropriate one to apply in this study.

C. Method of the Study

In this study, library research is applied as the method of the study in gaining sources and information that are necessary to the study. The last two novels of Harry Potter series which are Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince and Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows are chosen as the primary sources of the study. The secondary sources used in this study are Murphy‟s Understanding

Unseens: An Introduction to English Poetry and the English Novel for Overseas

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Students, Roberts and Jacobs‟ Fiction: An Introduction to Reading and Writing

Second Edition, Guerin, Labor, Morgan, Reesman, and Willingham‟s A Handbook of Critical Approaches to Literature Sixth Edition, and some other books to gain additional datas. Besides that, the researcher also browsed some information related to the objects on internet.

In answering the problems formulated, the researcher applied some theories which are theory of characters and characterization and theory of plot. In order to answer the first problem formulation concerning Draco Malfoy‟s description, the researcher applied Murphy‟s theory of characters and characterization by looking at Draco‟s speech and reaction, by seeing how other characters see him, and by looking at the conversations of others about him. The second problem about the plots of Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince and

Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows was answered using Roberts and Jacobs‟ theory of plot by seeing the events occuring along the stories and putting them into the appropriate plot structures. The third problem about the significance of

Draco Malfoy to the plot was answered using Murphy‟s theory of characters and characterization and Roberts and Jacobs‟ theory of plot by seeing how Draco‟s speech and reaction, others‟ views about him, and the conversations of others about him give signicance to the plots of the stories, especially in creating the minor conflicts leading to the major ones.

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CHAPTER IV

ANALYSIS

A. Description of Draco Malfoy as a Minor Character

Draco Malfoy is a minor character in Harry Potter series. He is a young wizard who attends Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry in the same year as Harry Potter and is sorted into Slytherin House. Throughout the series and especially in the last two books of the series, Harry Potter and the Half-Blood

Prince and Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows, he is depicted as „a teenage boy with a pale, pointed face and white-blond hair‟ (Rowling, 2018a, p. 112).

Draco comes from a wealthy pure-blood family. His parents, Lucius

Malfoy and Narcissa Malfoy née Black, are wizard and witch from high-regarded pure-blood families in British wizarding society. Malfoy family is one of those old pure-blood families that hold the idea of pure-blood supremacy, in which pure-blood is seen as the best class in wizarding world while the half-blood,

Muggle-born, and other magical creatures are seen as the lower class of the society. Growing up in a family with this kind of long-running view makes Draco become a proud and arrogant kid toward other students, especially those who are not from pure-blood families. He is often shown being rude to other students, especially Harry Potter and companions, and even the teachers by mocking and treating them badly. For these reasons, Draco is known as a kind of bully and frequently concluded as the foil to the major character, Harry Potter.

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By applying Murphy‟s theory of character and characterization, the researcher observes the description of Draco Malfoy as a minor character in the last two novels of the series by seeing Draco‟s speech and reaction, by seeing how other characters see him, and by observing other characters‟ conversations about him.

1. Harry Potter and Companions’ Enemy

Throughout the series, Draco has been depicted as an arrogant, rude, and discriminating kid. This leads him to become the enemy and bully towards Harry

Potter, the major character of the series, and the rest of Harry‟s friends, as they dislike him for being so. In the last two novels of the series, Harry Potter and the

Half-Blood Prince and Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows, Draco stays becoming Harry‟s enemy and it is seen through their encounters in the novels.

…it was a few moments before [Draco] noticed Harry, Ron, and Hermione reflected over his shoulder. His light gray eyes narrowed. “If you‟re wondering what the smell is, Mother, a Mudblood just walked in,” said Draco Malfoy (Rowling, 2018a, p. 112).

The passage above shows that there is no a friendly sign coming from

Draco Malfoy towards Harry Potter, Ron Weasley, and Hermione Granger when the trio enter the same shop he is in. Instead, he shows animosity towards the trio and especially discrimination towards Hermione for being a Muggle-born witch by referring to her as „Mud-blood‟, which later almost leads to a fight between him and Harry and Ron. Therefore, this passage reveals Draco as an enemy to

Harry and companions. Below is another passage of the novel that reveals the animosity between Draco and the major character‟s side:

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Without warning, Malfoy pointed his wand at Harry, who was instantly paralyzed. … “You didn‟t hear anything I care about, Potter. But while I‟ve got you here…” And he stamped, hard, on Harry‟s face. Harry felt his nose break; blood spurted everywhere. “That‟s from my father. Now, let‟s see…” … And taking care to tread on Harry‟s fingers, Malfoy left the compartment (Rowling, 2018a, pp. 153-154).

The quotation above shows a passage in the sixth novel after Draco finds out Harry has sneaked into his and his fellow Slytherins‟ compartment in

Hogwarts Express to eavesdrop on their conversation. Finding out that Harry has sneaked into his compartment and being led by his animosity, rudeness, and feeling that Harry is the reason why his father, Lucius, is imprisoned, Draco reacts to the situation by stamping on Harry‟s face, breaking his nose, and treading on his fingers. Hence, this passage reveals Draco as an enemy to Harry Potter.

Therefore, the description of Draco as a minor character that plays a role as Harry Potter and friends‟ enemy is seen through his speech and reaction.

2. Albus Dumbledore’s Supposed-To-Be Murderer

In the sixth novel, Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince, Draco Malfoy starts playing a bigger role than merely a bully. This is caused by the fact that he is assigned to a mission of assassinating Albus Dumbledore, Hogwarts‟ headmaster, by Lord Voldemort, although it is not directly mentioned what the mission is until the climax part of the novel. Nevertheless, Draco‟s actions and speeches throughout the novel indicates that he indeed is working on something, leading Harry as the major character to be curious and become more observant towards him. A passage showing Draco as a person who is assigned to „the important mission‟ is as follows:

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“Draco should be proud,” said Bellatrix indifferently. “The Dark Lord is granting him a great honor. And I will say this for Draco: He isn‟t shrinking away from his duty, he seems glad of a chance to prove himself, excited at the prospect –“ (Rowling, 2018a, p. 33)

The passage above reveals the conversation among Narcissa Malfoy,

Severus Snape, Draco‟s Head of House, and Bellatrix Lestrange, Narcissa‟s sister.

While Narcissa sees the mission assigned to Draco is a punishment as it is such an impossible mission, Bellatrix sees it as „a great honor‟ and it seems like that

Draco himself sees it the way his aunt does. This shows Draco as the bearer of an important mission, which turns out to be assassinating Dumbledore, and is eager to prove himself by completing it. Below is another passage showing Draco plays his role as Dumbledore‟s supposed-to-be murderer:

“I am trying to help you. I swore to your mother I would protect you. I made the Unbreakable Vow, Draco –“ “Looks like you‟ll have to break it, then, because I don‟t need your protection! It‟s my job, he gave it to me and I‟m doing it, …” (Rowling, 2018a, p. 323)

The quotation shows a passage in which Snape tries to persuade Draco to let him help the latter, which is outright rejected by the younger. While Snape has made an Unbreakable Vow with Narcissa in order to help and protect Draco while bearing the mission, Draco insists on doing it on his own without Snape‟s help, stating that it is his job since Voldemort has given it to him and he is now working on it. Although it is not said directly, but this reveals Draco plays a significant role by becoming the one that is assigned to murder Dumbledore.

Therefore, the description of Draco as the one who is supposed to murder

Dumbledore is revealed by the conversation of other characters about him and his speech.

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3. A Reluctant Death Eater

Although it is not mentioned directly in the novels, but it is believed that

Draco has joined the Death Eaters, a group of Voldemort‟s inner circle of wizards and witches that practice the Dark Arts, when he is assigned to the mission of assassinating Dumbledore. This is supported by his actions when Madam Malkin, an owner of robes shop, tries to roll up his left sleeve and immediately gets her hand slapped by him (Rowling, 2018a, p. 114) and when he moves closer towards

Borgin, an owner of shop selling dark artefacts, in order to show the owner something that makes Borgin frightened (Rowling, 2018a, p. 125). As those who join the Death Eaters will have their left forearms branded with a Dark Mark, a tattoo-like of skull and snake which also becomes a symbol of terror in the wizarding world, hence Draco‟s actions imply that he has joined the Death Eaters.

However, although in the beginning he seems proud of becoming a Death

Eater and excited about being assigned to murder Dumbledore, later in the novels it shows how Draco turns into a reluctant and fearful one. Below is a passage showing Draco as a reluctant Death Eater:

[Harry‟s] animosity was all for Snape, but he had not forgotten the fear in Malfoy‟s fear voice on that tower top, nor the fact that he had lowered his wand before the other Death Eaters arrived. Harry did not believe that Malfoy would have killed Dumbledore (Rowling, 2018a, p. 640).

The passage above reveals how Harry sees Draco when the latter almost succeeds in murdering Dumbledore in the Astronomy Tower. Although Draco is the only one with wand as he has Disarmed Dumbledore, leaving the latter wandless, he makes no further movement to murder the headmaster (Rowling,

2018a, p. 586). Instead, Draco sounds fearful and even has lowered his wand

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when Dumbledore offers him help and assures him. This shows Draco as a not murderous person and therefore leads him to turn into a reluctant Death Eater, due to his inability and reluctance to murder the headmaster. Another passage that reveals Draco as a reluctant Death Eater is as follows:

“Well, Draco?” said Lucius Malfoy. He sounded avid. “Is it? Is it Harry Potter?” “I can‟t – I can‟t be sure,” said Draco. …, and seemed as scared of looking at Harry as Harry was of looking at him. … They were extraordinarily alike, except that while his father looked beside himself with excitement, Draco‟s expression was full of reluctance, even fear (Rowling, 2018b, pp. 458-459).

The passage takes time when a group of Snatchers, Voldemort‟s sympathizers, capture Harry, Ron, and Hermione in the forest and bring them to the Malfoy Manor which has become the headquarters for the Death Eaters in order to hand them over to Voldemort. When being ordered by his parents to recognize whether it is indeed Harry and companions that the Snatchers have captured, Draco does not state an agreement nor a disagreement. On the contrary, with expression of unwillingness and fear Draco reacts to the circumstance by giving several unconvincing statements such as „I can‟t be sure‟ (Rowling, 2018b, p. 458), „I don‟t know‟, „maybe‟, and „it could be‟ (Rowling, 2018b, p. 459).

This shows Draco is back again being a reluctant Death Eater, because while his father, who is a Death Eater as well, looks excited about handing the trio over to Voldemort, Draco is said to look reluctant and fearful. Draco knows that handing them over to the Dark Lord can mean deaths for the trio and he is either not murderous or unwilling to be responsible for their deaths or even both, hence he gives no convincing comments about the trio. This makes the passage proof that Draco has turned into a reluctant Death Eater.

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Therefore, the description of Draco as a reluctant Death Eater is indicated by his speech, reaction, and by the way other characters see him.

4. Narcissa Malfoy’s Son

Draco has been depicted as a family-oriented person throughout the series and holds his parents in high esteem, although this frequently leads him to become a proud and spoiled kid as he likes to boast about his capability in making his parents fulfil his wishes and about his family‟s influence on wider extent. Further it is revealed that Draco truly loves and deeply cares about his parents and will do anything for them, since he is willing to bear the mission of murdering

Dumbledore if it means safety for him and his parents (Rowling, 2018a, p. 591).

However, the relationship between Draco and his father with the one he has with his mother are a bit different. While Draco‟s relationship with his father,

Lucius, is mainly about Draco boasting about his father and trying to meet his demands and Lucius showing disappointment to his son in the early novels of the series, Draco‟s relationship with his mother is a dear one. In Harry Potter and the

Half-Blood Prince and Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows, the relationship between the mother and the son is dug deeper due to all the things that Narcissa does for the sake of her son, which later influence many events in the story.

Therefore, Draco indirectly plays a significant role by being Narcissa‟s son which later gives significance to the plot of the story. Below is a passage showing what

Narcissa does to protect her son:

“Severus – oh, Severus – you would help him? Would you look after him, see he comes to no harm?” “I can try.” [Narcissa] flung away her glass; it skidded across the table as she slid off the sofa into kneeling position at

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Snape‟s feet, seized his hand in both of hers, and pressed her lips into it (Rowling, 2018a, p. 35).

The passage above takes place at Snape‟s house when Narcissa and

Bellatrix visit him to ask for his help for Draco, although Bellatrix is very much against the idea (Rowling, 2018a, p. 21). Having her only son, Draco, assigned to such an impossible mission leads Narcissa to do anything in order to protect him, even though it means she has to defy Voldemort who has forbidden her to speak about it (Rowling, 2018a, p. 32). Nevertheless, Snape eventually accepts

Narcissa‟s plea by making an Unbreakable Vow with her. Thus, this passage reveals Draco as Narcissa‟s son who can make her do anything for his safety although without him knowing. Another passage that emphasizes the relationship between the mother and the son is as follows:

“Is Draco alive? Is he in the castle?” …”Yes,” [Harry] breathed back. … “He is dead!” Narcissa Malfoy called to the watchers. … Still feigning death on the ground, he understood. Narcissa knew that the only way she would be permitted to enter Hogwarts, and find her son, was as part of the conquering army. She no longer cared whether Voldemort won (Rowling, 2018b, p. 726).

This passage takes time when Voldemort has hit Harry with the Killing

Curse and orders Narcissa to check whether Harry is still alive or not. However,

Narcissa lies to Voldemort right under his nose when she finds out that Harry is still alive, as she realizes that it is her only chance for her and her husband to reunite with Draco. By doing this, it shows how Narcissa Malfoy will not think twice about putting herself in danger by lying to Voldemort only for the sake of

Draco Malfoy, her son.

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Thus, the emphatic mother-son relationship between Draco and Narcissa and the description of Draco as Narcissa‟s son are revealed and emphasized by other characters‟ conversation about him and by the way other characters see him.

Finally, it can be concluded that in the last two novels of Harry Potter series Draco Malfoy is depicted as a minor character due to his general function as an element to the society and his main function as a foil to the major character,

Harry Potter. While it is clear to see that Draco‟s function as an element to the society is revealed through his mere existence in order to populate the fictional world, his main function as a foil to the major character is revealed through the roles he plays which are as Harry Potter and companions‟ enemy, Albus

Dumbledore‟s supposed-to-be murderer, a reluctant Death Eater, and Narcissa

Malfoy‟s son. These roles make him become an even more significant character because they later motivate him to do actions that cause conflicts and difficulties for the major character and the major character‟s side.

Furthermore, Henkle‟s ways to create and portray a major character support the arguments that Draco Malfoy is not a major character but a minor one.

The first reason is because even though Draco is a quite complex character, the biggest complexity lies on Harry Potter along with his characterization and journey. The second is the fact that the character receiving the biggest attention from the readers is also Harry Potter, because it is him that the readers observe and whose appearances are the most frequent (Henkle, 1977, p. 90), or in other words, it is Harry Potter, along with his journey, that becomes the focus of the novels. When readers understand the major character, they are able to understand

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the principal experience of the novel (Henkle, 1977, p. 92). The third reason is the fact that it is the major character‟s intensity that creates the ambience of the novel, which in this case is Harry Potter‟s intensity that is brought to life by his journey.

In addition, Draco Malfoy is depicted as an antagonist character as well because he provides opposition and is set against Harry Potter, the protagonist.

What makes Draco an intriguing antagonist character is the fact that although he is set against Harry and the companions and clearly not on the protagonist‟s side, he is not entirely on the opposition‟s side either. It is revealed through Draco‟s hesitation and fear when he has to perform the order he has been given or when he has to do something that surely will benefit his so-called side, such as when he has to murder Dumbledore and has to recognize Harry and companions‟ identities.

B. The Plots of Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince and Harry Potter and

the Deathly Hallows

In this part, the storylines of Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince and

Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows are brought into the surface. By applying

Roberts and Jacobs‟ theory of plots, the researcher tries to put each part of the stories into its appropriate structures of plot.

1. Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince a. Exposition

In fiction, exposition is „the laying out, the putting forth, of the materials in the work‟ (Roberts & Jacobs, 1989, p. 101). This part introduces the characters, their backgrounds, goals, and every aspect that is going to be significant to the

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story. In Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince, this part reveals Harry Potter, as the major character and his situation, and also some other characters along with their backgrounds that later are going to be significant to the plot, such as

Narcissa Malfoy, Severus Snape, Albus Dumbledore, Horace Slughorn, Ron

Weasley, Hermione Granger, and Draco Malfoy.

In the exposition, some crucial events have started to occur. The first is the

Unbreakable Vow made between Narcissa Malfoy, Draco Malfoy‟s mother, and

Severus Snape. Having Draco assigned to what she sees as an impossible mission which she believes is the punishment for his husband‟s failure and is later discovered as the assassination of Dumbledore, Narcissa begs Snape for help and assistance. Narcissa asks Snape to watch over Draco, protect him, and perform the job if it turns out that Draco is unable to do it, which is later agreed by Snape.

The second event is when Dumbledore picks Harry up from the Muggle world and takes him back to the wizarding one. The headmaster „asks for Harry‟s help‟ to persuade Horace Slughorn, an old wizard, to go back to Hogwarts to teach again. Succeeding with this, Dumbledore then drops Harry off at the Burrow to spend the rest of his holiday there along with the Weasleys and Hermione.

Before that, to Harry‟s confusion and curiosity Dumbledore also tells Harry to take some private lessons with him that year.

The third event is on Harry, Hermione, and the Weasleys‟ visit to Diagon

Alley to get their school supplies. When Harry, Ron, and Hermione enter Madam

Malkin‟s to get some new robes, they encounter Draco and Narcissa and have quite a fight with the two. Being suspicious of him, the three then stalk Draco

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after seeing him walking alone in the Diagon Alley without his mother. They then see Draco enters Borgin and Burkes, a shop selling dark artefacts, and talks to

Borgin, the owner of the shop. The trio eavesdrop on the two‟s conversation about fixing something and hear Draco later threatens the owner by showing something the trio cannot see. Harry believes what Draco shows Borgin is the Dark Mark and starts theorising that Draco has joined the Death Eaters, much to Ron and

Hermione‟s disagreement.

The last event occurs on the journey to Hogwarts on Hogwarts Express.

Harry stalks a Slytherin student in his year under the Invisibility Cloak in order to find Draco and perhaps gain more information about what he is working on.

Succeeding sneaking into their compartment and eavesdropping to Draco boasting about „an important mission‟, Harry does not realize that Draco knows he is there.

Hence, Draco casts paralyzing curse to Harry after his fellow Slytherins have got off the train first, breaks Harry‟s nose by stamping on his face, and covers him under the Invisibility Cloak again before leaving him behind. To Harry‟s relief, he is later saved by a young Auror he knows since last year, Nymphadora Tonks, and is escorted to Hogwarts by her. b. Complication

Complication marks the rise of the major conflict of the story. Along with their own ideas and principles, the protagonist and the antagonist mainly contribute in this part (Roberts & Jacobs, 1989, p. 101). In a fiction, the complication generally consists of some minor conflicts leading to the major one in the story.

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The first crucial event happens when Harry starts acknowledging the Half-

Blood Prince, a former student whose Potions book Harry finds and uses for the

Potions class with Slughorn as the new teacher. With the Prince‟s scribbles in the book, Harry can make the best potion in the class according to Slughorn and has himself rewarded with a bottle of Felix Felicis, liquid luck. In spite of Hermione‟s suspicion and defiance of the book, Harry chooses to keep it. In addition, Harry‟s later days are filled with Quidditch practices as he has become the captain of

Gryffindor team and also with his private lessons with Dumbledore. The lessons cover learning about Voldemort‟s heritage and past life according to memories

Dumbledore has gathered from himself and various people and seeing them through Dumbledore‟s Pensieve, a tool that is used to see one‟s memory.

Dumbledore believes that these will be important for Harry to defeat the Dark

Lord.

The next crucial event and also the first minor conflict happen on the day

Harry, Ron, and Hermione visit Hogsmeade on the weekend. The three witness

Katie Bell, a seventh year Gryffindor student, getting cursed after touching a necklace she finds in the toilet of Three Broomsticks. Having been suspicious with Draco since seeing him in Knockturn Alley, Harry believes that Draco is the one giving Katie the necklace. Harry then tells Professor McGonagall about it because he has seen the necklace before in Borgin and Burkes and due to Draco‟s suspicious conversation with the shop owner. However, Professor McGonagall does not take Harry‟s theories seriously because Draco has just had detention with

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her causing him unable to visit Hogsmeade that day and Harry cannot give any proof that Draco has bought the necklace.

The next crucial happening occurs at the Christmas party thrown by

Slughorn at his office, as Harry and the other guests witness Draco being dragged inside by Filch, who accuses him of lurking in. Although Slughorn allows Draco to stay at the party, Snape drags the boy out without knowing that Harry tails them behind. Harry then eavesdrops on the two‟s conversation, finding the professor rebukes Draco for being reckless and offers Draco some help, as Narcissa has made the Unbreakable Vow with him in order to assist Draco. However, Draco harshly rejects Snape‟s offer and tells him to break the vow, stating that he will not let the professor interfere and steal his glory. On holiday and after, Harry tells

Ron, Arthur Weasley, Remus Lupin, and Hermione about the conversation and some things he believes to be proofs that Draco is a Death Eater, much to everyone‟s disagreement.

In his next private lesson with Dumbledore, Harry finds out how

Voldemort discovers his heritage and witnesseses Tom Riddle, the young

Voldemort, asks Slughorn about creating a Horcrux, much to Slughorn‟s anger.

However, Dumbledore believes that the memories have been modified because

Slughorn is embarrassed of himself telling anything he knows about Horcruxes to

Tom Riddle. Therefore, Dumbledore gives „homework‟ to Harry to persuade

Slughorn to give away the real memory. At this point, Harry‟s suspicion on Draco keeps growing to the point he finds out that Draco has been working on something, making Harry decide to keep an eye on the latter.

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The next minor conflict happens on Ron‟s seventeenth birthday, when he eats a box of chocolate, mistaking it for his another birthday present. Harry then takes Ron to Slughorn in order to give him an antidote and after Ron becomes sober, Slughorn takes out a bottle of mead he at first intends to give to

Dumbledore and pours it for them. Being the first one drinking it, Ron then falls unconscious and jerks uncontrollably, showing the mead has been poisoned. Still remembers the Half-Blood Prince‟s scribbles that benzoar is the best antidote for poison, Harry then looks for it in the room and shoves it down on Ron‟s throat, saving him from poisoned to death.

Later on when Harry accompanies Ron in the infirmary, he finds out that

Draco often disappears completely from the Marauder‟s Map. Harry then orders

Dobby and Kreacher, the house elves, to follow Draco and find out what he is working on. The tail later report their observation explaining that Draco has been visiting although neither Dobby nor Kreacher can see what he is working on.

Harry then tirelessly goes back to theorize that Draco is a Death Eater, much to

Ron and Hermione‟s hesitation and disagreement.

The next crucial event occurs after the burial of Aragog, Hagrid‟s

Acromantula. Due to Ron‟s suggestion to use Felix Felicis, Harry manages in making Slughorn, who has come to accompany Hagrid in the burial and got drunk with the gamekeeper, to give the real memory. Harry then takes it immediately to

Dumbledore and both use it to reveal the true conversation between Tom Riddle and Slughorn, only to find out that Slughorn indeed tells Tom Riddle about creating Horcruxes. Dumbledore further informs Harry that he believes

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Voldemort has succeeded making six Horcruxes so far, although two have been destroyed, which are Tom Riddle‟s diary that Harry has destroyed in his second year and Gaunt‟s ring that has been destroyed by Dumbledore. He also reveals his plans of hunting the rest of the Horcruxes, and believes that Harry, who asks whether he is allowed to go, has rights to do so as well.

The last minor conflict in the complication happens when Harry finds

Draco being in a bathroom through the Marauder's Map with none of his usual fellows but Moaning Myrtle, the bathroom ghost. Due to his curiosity, Harry goes there, finding Draco crying while being comforted by Myrtle. Draco then tries to hex Harry when he realizes his enemy is there, leading them into duel. Harry casts a curse he reads from the Half-Blood Prince book without knowing what it is for, only to become shocked as blood is spluttered from Draco‟s face and chest, making him stumble and shake uncontrollably. Snape then comes and saves

Draco, sends him to infirmary, and gives Harry detention on the day of the last

Quidditch match, causing him unable to play. Although Gryffindor has to play without Harry as their captain and Seeker, however, they win against Ravenclaw with Ginny Weasley being the Seeker. Harry and Ginny then kiss, establishing their relationship. c. Crisis

Crisis marks the turning point and the separation between events that have occurred and the ones that will come after. It points out the decision taken to resolve the conflicts (Roberts & Jacobs, 1989, p. 101). In this part, Harry Potter as

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the major character takes the decision to attain the suspected Horcrux together with Dumbledore.

The crucial events start to occur since Harry bumps into Professor

Trelawney trying to get into the Room of Requirement. As the professor admits that she hears a voice whooping inside and finds herself thrown out of the room,

Harry suspects that Draco has succeeded working on anything he has been doing in the Room of Requirement. After randomly being told by Professor Trelawney about Snape interrupting her interview with Dumbledore for the Divination teacher position years ago, Harry then gets furious because he now knows that

Snape is the one informing Voldemort about the prophecy and because

Dumbledore does nothing about Snape teaching in Hogwarts, while now Draco and Snape are up to something.

However, Dumbledore manages to assure Harry to leave it all behind and makes Harry promise to do all his commands as they are about to go hunting another Horcrux that night. Taking his Invisibility Cloak and still believing the whooping voice, Harry then tells Ron and Hermione to keep a watch on Draco and Snape and contact any members of Dumbledore‟s Army they can reach as he believes there is something going to happen, and gives them the rest of Felix

Felicis. After doing so, Harry meets Dumbledore and both of them Apparate to a cave in the sea far from Hogwarts in order to find Slytherin locket, another suspected Horcrux.

To attain the Horcrux that is put in a bottom of a basin and cannot be attained with the magical potion filling it, Dumbledore drinks the potion with

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Harry‟s help, finding out that the potion puts the drinker in such agonizing hallucination and pain. The two later fight Voldemort‟s Inferi that rise from the lake and manage to do so, even though Dumbledore has become extremely frail due to the potion. Harry and Dumbledore then return to Hogwarts with the locket only to find more troubles arise as there is a Dark Mark in the sky above the

Astronomy Tower. d. Climax

Climax is the peak of an action that brings the conflict and its consequence to the fullest extent. It marks the point when all the actions taken to resolve the conflicts have been done with no return (Roberts & Jacobs, 1989, p. 101). This part begins when both Harry and Dumbledore are back at Hogwarts.

Upon their arrival in the Astronomy Tower, Dumbledore freezes Harry immediately under the Invisibility Cloak in order to hide him right before Draco enters and disarms the headmaster. Draco informs that the Death Eaters are fighting with the Hogwarts‟ guards. As Draco does not make any further movement to murder Dumbledore and is later „encouraged‟ by the headmaster,

Draco then tells about all his doings and attempts of murder throughout the year while still pointing the wand at the headmaster. Dumbledore then offers help to the reluctant Draco, who almost receives it, right before some Death Eaters and

Snape enter. However, as Draco is still unable to act further, Snape then performs the murder, leading to Dumbledore‟s death and the break of Dumbledore‟s spell on Harry.

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Harry then runs after Snape who is on his run with Draco before trying to hex him, only to find that Snape dodges and fights off Harry effortlessly, revealing to Harry that he is the Half-Blood Prince. After Snape, Draco, and the other Death Eaters flee, Harry meet his other friends and people from their side, who tell him what Draco has been doing and how the battle goes before. On the other side, Harry then tells them that Snape has murdered Dumbledore. e. Resolution

Resolution is a set of actions that leads the story to its conclusion or ending, or in other words, the actions that mark the final of a story (Roberts &

Jacobs, 1989, p. 102). This part mainly tells about things happening in

Dumbledore‟s funeral.

After Dumbledore‟s funeral, Harry talks to Ginny in order to end their relationship as he is sure if they keep it up she will be in danger as well. Harry also finds out that the locket he attains with Dumbledore in the cave is a fake

Horcrux, along with the note from somebody named “R.A.B.”. The extremely upset Harry later tells both Ron and Hermione that he is not coming back to

Hogwarts next year as he must track down the rest of Voldemort‟s Horcruxes.

Although at first he believes that the journey will be his undertaking alone, Ron and Hermione insist that they will be joining him in his journey to destroy

Voldemort.

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2. Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows a. Exposition

In the exposition of Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows, some crucial events occur. The first is the meeting of the Death Eaters at Malfoy Manor. It is said that due to Dumbledore‟s death, the situation in the wizarding world gets better for Voldemort‟s side, as the Death Eaters have infiltrated the Ministry of

Magic and have planned to take the current minister, Rufus Scrimgeour, down.

Severus Snape then leaks the information about the time of Harry Potter‟s evacuation to the Dark Lord‟s satisfaction, because the Death Eaters can kidnap

Harry at the right time. Furthermore, Voldemort „borrows‟ Lucius Malfoy‟s wand, because he cannot kill Harry with his own that shares the same source of core with Harry‟s. After done embarrassing the Malfoys in front of the other Death

Eaters, Voldemort then murders the Muggle studies teacher, who has been kidnapped, in front of them, which causes tense and fright among the Death

Eaters and especially Draco Malfoy.

The next crucial event is Harry‟s evacuation by the Order of the Phoenix.

After the Dursleys are moved to a safer place by the members of the Order, the other members arrive at the Privet Drive to move Harry to the Burrow before he turns seventeen under protection using some of his friends and peers as bait by turning them into other Harrys with Polyjuice potion. However, this does not go as planned as the Death Eaters have known the plan and attack them once they depart. One of the Death Eaters discovers the real Harry and summons Voldemort, who comes at once, trying to kill Harry, yet Harry‟s wand destroys Lucius‟ that is

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being used by Voldemort. This battle causes George Weasley extremely wounded and leads to the deaths of Hedwig, Harry‟s owl, and Mad-Eye moody, a member of the Order. Harry then stays with the Weasleys and Hermione ever since until

Bill Weasley and Fleur Delacour‟s wedding while planning and preparing everything for the journey to hunt Horcrux with Ron and Hermione.

A few days before the wedding, Scrimgeour comes to the Burrow to talk to Harry, Ron, and Hermione. His arrival is due to Dumbledore‟s will that needs to be sent to the trio and some things that are inherited to them; Dumbledore‟s deluminator for Ron, a book of tales collection entitled The Tales of Beedle the

Bard for Hermione, and for Harry is the Golden Snitch that he catches in his first match. Nevertheless, in the middle of the wedding party, a Patronus sent by a member of the Order warns everyone that the ministry has fallen and Scrimgeour is dead. The Death Eaters then attack the wedding, causing chaos, while the trio flee to Grimmauld Place, which used to be the headquarters of the Order of the

Phoenix. b. Complication

As the composition marks the arise of the major conflict and is mainly contributed by the protagonist and antagonist along with their ideas (Roberts &

Jacobs, 1989, p. 101). It begins when Harry, Ron, and Hermione escape the wedding and start staying at the Grimmauld Place. In this part, Harry starts seeing visions about Voldemort again.

The first minor conflict happens weeks after staying at the Grimmauld

Place, when the Harry, Ron, and Hermione infiltrate the Ministry to retrieve the

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real Horcrux, the Slytherin locket. Although the trio succeeds retrieving the

Horcrux and even manages in freeing some Muggle-borns in a court held by the under-Voldemort‟s-influence Ministry, they are not able to go back to the

Grimmauld Place because a Death Eater grabs Hermione‟s arm as they Apparate, letting him know their staying place. Hermione then Apparates the trio to a forest fire away and Ron is severely injured due to Splinch while the Apparation. Lastly, after spending a few weeks without any idea of how to destroy the Horcrux and argue regularly under the Horcrux‟s influence, Ron leaves Harry and Hermione.

The next minor conflict occurs on Harry and Hermione‟s visit to the

Godric‟s Hollow, a village in which the Potter family used to live. When the two visit Harry‟s parents‟ graves, a person approaches them, that turns out to be

Bathilda Bagshot. She indicates the two to follow her to her old and not-taken- care-of house, only to find out the old woman collapses and Nagini, Voldemort‟s great snake, slithers out of her neck. Nevertheless, Harry and Hermione make a narrow escape right before Voldemort arrives to kill Harry. Both Harry and

Hermione then realize that Bathilda has passed away perhaps a long time before they think about visiting Godric‟s Hollow. Unluckily for Harry, his wand is almost broken into two due to the battle between him and Nagini. This leaves

Harry and Hermione only with Hermione‟s wand that they use by turns.

Another crucial event happens at one night when it is Harry‟s turn for the watch. Harry sees a silver doe and follows it in the forrest, leading him to a pond with the Sword of Gryffindor in the base of it. Harry then dives into the pond to attain it, but finds himself strangled by the Horcrux that he wears on his neck

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because it can feel the presence of the sword‟s power. However, Ron shows up and saves him from the pond. As the Sword of Gryffindor is now with them,

Harry asks Ron to destroy the Horcrux and Ron manages doing so after a fight with the Horcrux. Ron and Harry then reunite with Hermione and Ron tells them how the deluminator he receives from Dumbledore guides him to where they are.

The next conflict occurs when Harry, Ron, and Hermione visit

Xenophilius Lovgood, Luna‟s father to ask him about a symbol that shows up in

Hermione‟s copy of The Tales of Beedle the Bard, as they remember that the man wears the symbol to Bill and Fleur‟s wedding. Xenophilius asks Hermione to recite a tale entitked The Tale of the Three Brothers from the book and explains the symbol that represents the three Deathly Hallows further: Elder Wand that is said to be the most powerful wand, Resurrection Stone that is able to recall those from the dead, Invisibility Cloak that enables the ones wearing it to be invisible, and that the possession of the three Deathly Hallows will make the person become the master of death. However, it turns out that Xenophilius has summoned the

Death Eaters in order to surrender Harry upon the trio‟s arrival as Luna has been taken captive by the Death Eaters as well. Hence, the trio makes another narrow escape. At this point, Harry also finds out through his visions that Voldemort is after wandmakers and asks them about something that Harry cannot comprehend.

Harry then theorizes that Voldemort is after the Elder Wand, as his visions show him how Voldemort is after the wandmakers such as Ollivander and

Gregorovitch to ask them about his own wand and about the whereabouts of something that Harry believes to be the Elder Wand. Harry also becomes obsessed

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in gathering the Hallows instead of Horcruxes now that he has two of the

Hallows, the Invisibility Cloak and the Resurrection Stone that he believes is inside the Golden Snitch, and he is sure he can defeat Voldemort if he possesses all Hallows, the way Xenophilius has explained to them earlier.

The next minor conflict happens on the day the trio is captured by a group of Snatchers, an organization formed by the Ministry of Magic under Voldemort‟s control that functions to hunt or arrest the Muggle-borns and blood-traitors, and taken to Malfoy Manor. Narcissa leads them to Draco while Lucius presses him to recognize the trio, as Harry‟s face is swollen due to Hermione‟s jinx to make him unrecognizable. Although his father mentions that they will be forgiven by

Voldemort if they hand over Harry, Draco, however, seems afraid of looking at

Harry and says that he is not sure whether the three are actually the trio that have been fugitives. This leads Bellatrix, his aunt, to imprison Harry and Ron in the cellar while she tortures Hermione as she finds the Sword of Gryffindor with them, leading her to believe they have stolen the sword from her vault in

Gringotts Wizarding Bank. However, in the cellar the two meet Luna Lovegood,

Dean Thomas, Ollivander the wandmaker, and Griphook, a goblin working in

Gringgotts and they all manage escaping as Dobby appears and rescues them to

Bill and Fleur‟s house at Shell Cottage. In the fight between Harry and companions against Bellatrix and the Malfoys, Dobby reappears to rescue Harry and the rest. Upon their arrival at the Shell Cottage, Harry finds out that Dobby has been stabbed by Bellatrix with a silver dagger yet still manages to Apparate

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them all. This leads to Dobby‟s death with the house-elf being the one that has just saved their lives.

The next crucial event happens weeks after the trio and the rest stay at

Shell Cottage under Bill and Fleur‟s care. With Griphook‟s help and after planning everything carefully, the trio manages infiltrating Gringotts to retrieve the next Horcrux, the Hufflepuff‟s cup, from Bellatrix‟s vault. Although later being betrayed by Griphook stealing the Sword of Gryffindor and running away from them, the trio succeeded in making another narrow escape by riding a half- blind dragon that lives under Gringotts to guard the vaults. After hours riding the dragon, they dismount from the dragon once it has flown lower enough to a lake beneath it.

While Harry, Ron, and Hermione are thinking about any idea to destroy the Horcux now that they no longer have the Sword, Harry has another vision about Voldemort being wrathful as he has found out that Hufflepuff‟s cup has been stolen and because the trio have discovered about the Horcruxes. Harry sees

Voldemort is about to make sure the other Horcruxes are safe and does not want to be parted from Nagini anymore. This assures Harry that Nagini is Voldemort‟s another Horcrux and the last Horcrux is at Hogwarts. The trio then decide to go to

Hogwarts immediately to find and destroy the other Horcruxes left, hence they

Apparate to Hogsmeade. c. Crisis

As the crisis part marks the action taken to resolve the conflict (Roberts &

Jacobs, 1989, p. 101), hence the part begins when Harry, Ron, and Hermione have

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taken the decision to go to Hogwarts to find and destroy the other Horcruxes in order to defeat Voldemort. After saved by Aberforth Dumbledore, the late headmaster‟s brother, from the Death Eaters by taking them into his bar, Hog‟s

Head, the trio enters Howarts led by Neville Longbottom. Harry who suspects the next Horcrux must be an artefact of Ravenclaw is accompanied by Luna to the

Ravenclaw tower to see the replica of Rowena Ravenclaw‟s diadem in order to get a glimpse of it. However, a Death Eater who has taught in Hogwarts that year,

Alecto Carrow, finds them but immediately Stunned by Luna. Harry then informs

Professor McGonagall who arrives later that Voldemort is going to attack the school because Harry is there to find „something‟ under Dumbledore‟s order.

Professor McGonagall then plans to hold Voldemort and his army off for a while to give Harry time.

The next conflict occurs when Harry, who becomes surer that

Ravenclaw‟s diadem is the next Horcrux, reunites with Ron and Hermione who have succeeded destroying the Hufflepuff‟s cup with Basilisk‟s fang in the

Chamber of Secret. The trio then enters the Room of Hidden Things to find the diadem, although later interrupted by Draco and his cronies, Crabbe and Goyle, who are ordered to bring Harry to Voldemort. Crabbe then casts fiendfyre spell that creates enchanted flames but he cannot control it. While Harry, Ron, and

Hermione still can save Draco along with Goyle whom Draco tries to protect while Crabbe has run away leaving the two, the enchanted flames manage killing

Crabbe and destroying Ravenclaw‟s diadem.

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Outside the Room of Hidden Things, many people have been killed, and one of them is Fred Weasley, leaving his family, Harry, and Hermione in great despair. However, Harry has another vision that Voldemort is awaiting him in the

Shrieking Shack. Harry, Ron, and Hermione then sneak into the Shrieking Shack under the Invisibility Cloak, witnessing Voldemort orders Nagini to murder

Snape, as he believes the man is the master of the wand because he is the one killing Dumbledore, the previous master. After Voldemort leaves the shack, Harry comes to Snape who is dying, finding the professor gives him his memories to see through Pensieve. The war is then halted for an hour by Voldemort, saying that it is under his mercy that he orders his army to retreat, so that the Hogwarts fighters can bury their fallen people and treat their injured. Voldemort orders Harry to come to him in the Forbidden Forest, saying that if the latter does not show up, he will murder everyone who tries to protect him.

Harry then goes to the headmaster‟s office to see the memories, which later reveal a lot of things that surprise Harry. It turns out that Snape has loved

Lily Potter née Evans, Harry‟s mother, and has become Dumbledore‟s double agent to spy on Voldemort since her death. It is also revealed that Dumbledore‟s death has been planned between Snape and Dumbledore due to the headmaster‟s health that has been severely weakened by the Gaunt‟s ring. Knowing that

Voldemort has ordered Draco to murder him and Snape is the successor if Draco is not able to do it, Dumbledore then asks Snape to murder him at the right time in order to save Draco‟s soul from being damaged due to performing murders and since Snape knows murdering Dumbledore means to prevent the headmaster from

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painful death. Snape is also revealed as the one watching over the trio along their journey to find Horcruxes and casting the silver doe Patronus for Harry to find the

Sword of Gryffindor. Dumbledore also reveals that Harry is a Horcrux that

Voldemort never intends to create at the moment his spell backfires at him when he tries to murder the baby Harry. Therefore, Harry must be killed by Voldemort himself in order to destroy Voldemort‟s part of soul that lives within him.

Harry who has seen all the memories then decides to give in and meet his fate that he has to be murdered by Voldemort. Opening the Golden Snitch that reveals the Resurrection Stone inside of it, he manages summoning the spirits of his parents, James and Lily, Sirius, and Lupin. Supported emotionally by the spirits whom he is the only one can see, Harry enters the forest and shows himself to Voldemort, allowing himself gets hit by the Killing Curse casted by the latter.

Harry then wakes up in a kind of limbo in a form of what looks like an empty and cleaner King‟s Cross Station. There he meets the late Albus

Dumbledore, who later explains about Lily Potter‟s protection and Voldemort‟s power and failure. Dumbledore finally states that Harry is indeed a Horcrux, with the last part of Voldemort‟s soul has been destroyed by the last Killing Curse. The headmaster then gives Harry two options, whether to „board a train and go on‟ or to return and use the available chance that he can finish Voldemort for the good.

Harry chooses the latter. d. Climax

As climax marks the point when actions taken have been done with no return (Roberts & Jacobs, 1989, p. 101), hence this part begins when Harry has

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taken the decision to return. Harry becomes conscious and feels himself back at the forest again. As he lies still on the ground pretending to be dead, Voldemort orders Narcissa to check whether Harry is still alive. Realizing that Harry is still alive, she asks him whether Draco is alive and is in the castle. Due to Harry‟s honest answer that Draco is still alive, Narcissa lies to Voldemort and the other

Death Eaters, assuring Voldemort and his army that they are truly victorious.

Voldemort then tries to humiliate Harry‟s body by casting Cruciatus Curse, which leaves no pain on Harry at all. Voldemort and his army then come back to

Hogwarts, declaring victory, with Hagrid carrying Harry‟s expected-to-be-dead body.

Upon Voldemort and his army‟s arrival at Hogwarts, the Hogwarts fighters are forced to surrender, yet the war then continues as the centaurs come to

Hogwarts and fight for Hogwarts‟ side while Grawp, Hagrid‟s half-brother giant, fight against Voldemort‟s giants. As the chaos continues, Harry sneaks out under the Invisibility Cloak and fights under it, while a lot happens around him. Due to his bravery, Neville takes out the Sword of Gryffindor from inside of the Sorting

Hat and beheads Nagini, destroying the last Horcrux. In the Great Hall,

Voldemort and Bellatrix are the last ones standing while the other Death Eaters have been defeated. Almost losing Ginny to Bellatrix, Molly Weasley gets furious and manages killing Bellatrix. Due to this, Voldemort‟s warth raises and he attempts to kill Molly, yet Harry protects her and hence reveals himself.

Therefore, Harry and Voldemort face each other.

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Both Harry and Voldemort come to some debates, as Voldemort believes that he has mastered the Elder Wand since he has killed Snape, while Harry states that Snape has never defeated Dumbledore because the headmaster‟s murder has been planned long before between the two. Harry further talks about the facts that

Snape has always been in Dumbledore‟s side and that the true master of the Elder

Wand for a brief time is Draco, who has Disarmed the headmaster in the

Astronomy Tower, before Harry snatches wands from his grip at Malfoy Manor, resulting Harry to be the true master of the wand at the moment. Voldemort then casts the Killing Curse while Harry the Disarming Charm, making the two spells collide. Nevertheless, the Elder Wand flies toward Harry because it recognizes the latter as its true master whom it refuses to kill. The Killing Curse casted by the

Elder Wand then hits Voldemort, leading him to his own death. e. Resolution

As resolution leads the story to its conclusion and marks the final of a story (Roberts & Jacobs, 1989, p. 102), this part begins after Harry succeeds defeating Voldemort, as the conflict has been solved and . After being surrounded by the overwhelming joy from the watchers who rush to hug or touch Harry due to the final victory, good news come from everywhere that those who are put under the Imperius Curse have come back to their senses, the Death Eaters are fleeing or being arrested, the innocents in Azkaban are released immediately, and

Kingsley has been pointed as a temporary Minister of Magic. The crowds are drowned in jubilation and also mourning due to the loss of their ones. The dead,

Fred Weasley, Nymphadora Tonks, Remus Lupin, Colin Creevey, and the other

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fifty, are about to be buried with respect, while Voldemort‟s body is put aside away from the others‟.

Harry, Ron, and Hermione then walk together to the headmaster‟s office.

Harry talks to Dumbledore‟s portrait about what he has done and what he is going to do to with the Deathly Hallows. He decides to keep the Invisibility Cloak, let the Resurrection Stone lost in the forest, and return the Elder Wand back to

Dumbledore‟s tomb after he manages mending his broken wand with it.

Dumbledore agrees with Harry‟s decision.

Nineteen years later, it is revealed Harry, Ron, Hermione, and Ginny meet at King‟s Cross to send their children off to Hogwarts. Harry and Ginny are married and have three children; James Sirius Potter, Albus Severus Potter, who is going to start his first year, and Lily Luna Potter. Ron and Hermione are married and have two children; Rose, who is going to start her first year as well, and

Hugo. They also see Draco along with his wife and his son, Scorpius Malfoy, who is also going to attend his first year at Hogwarts, and are only acknowledged with a curt nod by the man before he turns away again.

Albus later admits his worry to his father about being sorted into Slytherin, but Harry replies to him that he is named after two Hogwarts headmasters whom one of them is a Slytherin and perhaps the bravest man Harry has ever known. He assures his son that Slytherin House will gain an excellent student if Albus is sorted there and that he can choose to be sorted into Gryffindor over Slytherin if

Albus still thinks the sorting matters, as the same thing has happened to Harry

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years ago. As Albus has got on the train and it moves, Harry idly touches his scar that has never ached for nineteen years, stating that „all is well‟.

C. Significance of Draco Malfoy to the Plots of Harry Potter and the Half-

Blood Prince and Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows

In this part, the significance of Draco Malfoy as a minor character that influences events that occur and causes conflicts to happen throughout the plots of the last two novels of Harry Potter series are further elaborated. By combining the description of Draco as a minor character through his roles with the plot structure of the novels, the significance Draco has upon the plots can be revealed.

1. Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince a. Exposition

As exposition is to introduce the basic materials and every aspect that is going to be important in the literary work (Roberts & Jacobs, 1989, p. 101), hence in this part Draco Malfoy has started playing a significant role to the plot by being revealed as the one assigned to an important mission by Voldemort. Later it is revealed that he is Dumbledore‟s supposed-to-be murderer and hence is the one behind numerous minor conflicts leading to the major one in the story. Thus,

Draco indirectly becomes the one indicating that a conflict is going to happen in the future.

As Narcissa‟s son, Draco indirectly plays a significant role in this part by becoming the reason for Narcissa to defy Voldemort‟s order and ask for Snape‟s

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to assist him. This leads to the creation of Unbreakable Vow between Narcissa and Snape, which later influences the way the mission is performed in the end.

Draco often leads Harry, the major character, into conflicts or puts the latter into difficulties due to his role as an enemy towards Harry and companions, which is shown by their encounters in the Diagon Alley and Hogwarts Express.

However, their encounters also lead Harry as the major character to realize that

Draco is going to work on something that cannot be something good. Thus, Draco also plays a significant role in this part by becoming an enemy towards the major character and companions that puts the major character into difficulties and leads him to be more observant throughout the novel.

Therefore, it can be concluded that in the exposition of the novel Draco has started playing some significant roles. By being the one that is supposed to murder Dumbledore, being Narcissa‟s son, and being an enemy to Harry, Draco‟s roles in this part are to indicate that a conflict in a form of something bad is going to happen in the future, lead the major character to the awareness of it, and put the major characters into difficulties. b. Complication

In this part, numerous minor conflicts occur to Harry as the major character and the ones around him. Although in this part some minor conflicts does not involve Draco at all and some actions are not directly said to be done by him, but later in another part of the book it is described how he actually has been the one behind some of the minor conflicts happen throughout the complication.

The accidents between Katie Bell and the cursed necklace and between Ron

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Weasley and the poisoned mead are the minor conflicts caused by Draco Malfoy, who plays his role as the one supposed to murder Dumbledore and hence gives significance to the plot of the story by accidentally putting the two mentioned minor characters into deadly danger.

This part also describes how Draco as an enemy towards Harry Potter leads the major character to deeper hints about him and his mission and also puts the major character to another difficulty with each of their encounters. This is shown by each of their encounters; the way Draco is taken out by Snape of

Slughorn‟s party leads Harry to be more curious and later to order Dobby and

Kreacher to tail Draco, which ends up giving Harry hints that Draco has indeed been working on something in the Room of Requirements. Thus, this makes

Draco indirectly allow Harry to gain more hints about his own mission and leads the major character to suspect even more that he is a Death Eater. Later on, their fight in the bathroom ends with Harry being put into detention by Snape and causing him unable to play for Gryffindor Quidditch team, which in other words is another difficulty. Therefore, it shows how Draco Malfoy as a minor character plays his role as an enemy towards Harry Potter that puts the major character into difficulty and leads the major character to deeper hints about his own mission and greater suspicion that he is a Death Eater.

By putting the two other minor characters in deadly danger and the major character in another difficulty, leading the major character to a deeper conviction about him being a Death Eater, and getting the major character into the realization that he has been working on something in the Room of Requirements for his

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mission, therefore, Draco Malfoy has given significance to the plot due to his roles as the one supposed to murder Dumbledore and the enemy to Harry Potter. c. Crisis

Since a fiction mainly tells about the major character and things happen to him, hence this part of the book focuses more on Harry as the major character and

Dumbledore as the minor character who help each other in attaining the Horcrux.

Nevertheless, Draco Malfoy has also played a significant role in the crisis due to his role as the one that is supposed to murder Dumbledore.

Although not being said directly that it is him that Professor Trelawney hears in the Room of Requirements, the facts that the voice whoops and does not answer when the professor asks it prove that it belongs to Draco. This shows him being jubilant as he has succeeded in doing anything he has been working on in that room, which is later discovered as fixing the Vanishing Cabinets which is a part of his plan while bearing the mission of assassinating Dumbledore. Since

Harry meets Professor Trelawney who has just been thrown out of the room, this allows him as the major character to beware of Draco even more. It is because the whoops can mean that Draco manages doing anything he has been working on in that room and will be able to do easily whatever he is about to do, since

Dumbledore will not be at Hogwarts that night. Draco‟s jubilant whoops also lead

Harry to warn Ron and Hermione to watch Draco and Snape and to warn them that something is going to happen there, so his friends can prepare themselves and contact more people from the Dumbledore‟s Army to gain more helps.

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Therefore, in this part of the story Draco plays a significant role by being

Dumbledore‟s supposed-to-be murderer that accidentally leads Harry Potter to realize that something bad is going to happen at Hogwarts that night, so the major character can prepare himself and his friends to face whatever is coming. d. Climax

In this part, it is obvious to see that Draco plays some significant roles.

The first significant thing he does is smuggle the Death Eaters into Hogwarts in order to assist him in murdering Dumbledore by keeping him away from the

Hogwarts guards and the Aurors. Due to his role as Dumbledore‟s supposed-to-be murderer, Draco eventually manages fixing the cabinets and at the same night smuggles the Death Eaters through the Vanishing Cabinet in Borgin and Burkes to the one in Hogwarts. This leads to the battle between the Death Eaters and the

Hogwarts guards, Aurors, and the people from the Order of the Phoenix that is well-known as the Battle of the Astronomy Tower. Therefore, Draco‟s significant role as the one supposed to murder Dumbledore in this part is by smuggling the

Death Eaters into Hogwarts which leads to the Battle of the Astronomy Tower.

There is another significant role that Draco plays in this part, which is cornering Albus Dumbledore. After manages Disarming Dumbledore and postpones murdering the headmaster because he has turned into a reluctant Death

Eater who is not murderous, Draco then reveals all his plans and his attempts throughout the year although with his wand still points at the older man. Although

Dumbledore eventually is murdered by Snape, however, Draco still plays an important role in this part as his mother has made the Unbreakable Vow with

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Snape. Due to this, it is as if Snape has performed the murder because of his vow with Draco‟ mother, although later in the last book of the series it is revealed that the assassination of Dumbledore by Snape has been planned between the two professor before the vow is made.

Therefore, in climax Draco plays some significant roles. The first role is as the person supposed to murder Dumbledore by smuggling the Death Eaters into

Hogwarts and being involved in Dumbledore‟s murder with Snape being the one performing it, while the second one is as a reluctant Death Eater who manages cornering Dumbledore but is unable to perform the murder. e. Resolution

In this part, the character of Draco Malfoy does not appear. This is because the focuses of the story‟s resolution are the grief over Dumbledore‟s death and the set of Dumbledore‟s funeral, in which Draco has fled with Snape and the other Death Eaters.

In conclusion, in Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince Draco Malfoy becomes a significant minor character due to several reasons. The first reason is because he is generally a significant supporting character in some crucial parts of the plot. The second is due to his roles that motivate him to do more actions causing minor conflicts leading to the major one in the novel.

2. Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows a. Exposition

In this part, Draco does not play role that is as significant as those in the previous book. However, in this part Draco provides further views about him

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being a reluctant Death Eater. He is depicted being very frightened of

Voldemort‟s presence and not murderous, as he has to witness the death of a

Hogwarts teacher right in front of him with shock and fear. These characteristics of his are what turn him into a reluctant Death Eater, which is the root of his inability to murder Dumbledore in the previous novel. The fact that he is a reluctant Death Eater also leads him to do more things in the other part of this story. b. Complication In this part, Draco plays his significant role as a reluctant Death Eater again back at Malfoy Manor. Draco indirectly saves Harry, Ron, and Hermione‟s lives for a moment when his parents press him to recognize the trio by choosing not to give reassuring comments about their identities. This is because he surely knows the consequence if he admits that he recognizes them, which are the deaths of the trio, and he surely does not want to be responsible for the deaths of other people as well. Nonetheless, he does not outright deny his parents‟ assumption as well, knowing if he cannot recognize them he and his family will be punished by

Voldemort again for letting Harry slip out of their hands.

Therefore, in this part Draco plays his significant role as a reluctant Death

Eater by choosing not to recognize Harry, Ron, and Hermione that causes the postponement of Voldemort‟s arrival and indirectly saving the trio‟s lives for a moment by doing so.

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c. Crisis

In this part, Draco plays a significant role by being Harry Potter‟s enemy that has himself saved by the major character, emphasizing the major character‟s positive traits of courage and selflessness. Although both the boys have always been in animosity towards each other throughout the years, Harry saves Draco due to the former thinking that being burnt in enchanted flames is a terrible way to die.

Putting aside his dislike towards Draco, Harry decides to go back to the enchanted flames to save him. Perhaps it is also because Draco has chosen not to recognize them back at Malfoy Manor that Harry chooses to escape the room with his enemy. Nevertheless, Harry‟s traits of courage and selflessness are emphasized by saving Draco, his enemy, in the Room of Hidden Things. Therefore, in this part

Draco gives significance to the plot due to his role as Harry Potter‟s enemy that emphasizes the major character‟s positive traits of courage and selflessness by having himself saved by Harry. d. Climax

In this part, Draco as a minor character gives significance to the plot although indirectly due to his roles as Narcissa Malfoy‟s son, as the one supposed to murder Dumbledore in the previous book, and as Harry‟s enemy.

The first one is by indirectly being the reason for Harry to stay alive due to him being Narcissa‟s son. Since Narcissa only cares about her son and will do anything to reach him, Harry‟s honest answer leads the mother to lie to Voldemort and the other Death Eaters that Harry is dead. Narcissa, who although holds the idea of pure-blood supremacy, always puts her son and husband above everything

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and will do anything for their safety. She no longer cares whether or not

Voldemort will win since all that matters to her is to find her son and she realizes that the only thing she can do to find her son is by entering Hogwarts as a part of the victorious crowd. Therefore, Harry Potter, the major character of the series, is able to stay alive out of the forest due to Narcissa‟s love for Draco that leads her to do anything, in this case to lie, in order to reach and protect her son. This causes Draco to be an indirect reason for Harry to stay alive and thus the fact that

Draco is Narcissa‟s son is the significant role being played here.

Another significance that Draco gives to the plot in this part is by becoming an indirect cause enabling Harry to defeat Voldemort due to his role as the one supposed to murder Dumbledore the previous year. Draco plays the significant role by becoming the true master of the Elder Wand briefly after he

Disarms Dumbledore in the Astronomy tower a year before. This causes

Voldemort cannot use the wand properly although he has murdered Snape, whom he thinks is the true master of the wand.

However, he is no longer the master of the wand due to his role as Harry‟s enemy since Harry „defeats‟ him by snatching wands from his grip at Malfoy

Manor, causing the major character to be the true master of the Elder Wand at the moment. Harry then is able to defeat Voldemort because the former has Disarmed

Draco, the previous master of the wand, and makes himself the latest master of the wand. It is also due to the fact that the Elder Wand recognizes and refuses to kill nor attack its true master.

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Therefore, Draco indirectly gives significance to this part due to his roles as Narcissa‟s son, as Dumbledore supposed-to-be murderer, and as Harry Potter‟s enemy. As Narcissa‟s son, he plays the significant role by becoming the reason for Harry Potter to stay alive out of the forest. Meanwhile he also plays the significant role of Dumbledore‟s supposed-to-be murderer by Disarming the headmaster the previous year and making himself the master of Elder Wand for a brief moment, causing Voldemort cannot use the wand properly. Lastly, he plays his part significant part as Harry Potter‟s enemy by having the major character

Disarms himself, making the major character the true master of the Elder Wands which leads to Voldemort‟s defeat. e. Resolution

In the resolution of the story, the role Draco plays is not as significant as those he has played in the previous parts. Nevertheless, with his role as Harry

Potter and companions‟ enemy, the way Draco appears in this part provides a little bit of further views about his current relationship with Harry and companions, marking that he must have changed even a bit. While he is there with his wife and son, marking that he has started his own family, he is said to nod curtly to the group before turning away, without scowling or sneering at the group the way he used to do when he is younger. Considering he used to bully them a lot every time he has a chance, this shows that he might have a better relationship now with the group although it appears not close to be called as friendship.

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Therefore, in this part Draco plays a slightly significant role by being revealed as Harry‟s enemy that has grown up having a better and more civilized relationship with Harry and companions now in their adulthood.

Finally, it can be concluded that although he does not appear as much as he does in the previous novel, in Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows Draco

Malfoy is still significant due to the roles he plays in the last two novels, mainly because the actions he has done for the sake of his roles have later impact and influence on some crucial parts of the plot, although without him knowing.

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CHAPTER V

CONCLUSION

In this part, the researcher concludes the analysis. For this study, the researcher formulates three problems. The first problem discusses the description of Draco Malfoy as a minor character in the last two novels of Harry Potter series, Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince and Harry Potter and the Deathly

Hallows. The second problem is about revealing the plots of the last two novels.

The third problem discusses the significance Draco Malfoy gives to the plots of the last two novels.

Firstly, it can be concluded that Draco Malfoy is described as a minor character by his general function as the element to the society and by his main function as a foil to the major character, Harry Potter. He is also an antagonist character as he provides opposition and is set against Harry, the protagonist. His function as a foil to the major character is revealed through his roles in the last two novels as Harry Potter and companions‟ enemy, Albus Dumbledore‟s supposed-to-be murderer, a reluctant Death Eater, and Narcissa Malfoy‟s son.

Draco becomes Harry Potter and companions‟ enemy due to his arrogant, rude, and discriminating nature which the latter dislike the most. He often clearly shows his animosity towards Harry and companions by delivering snide remarks and even further by physical bullying. In the sixth novel, Draco is assigned to a mission by Lord Voldemort, which is to kill Albus Dumbledore. He is said to be glad and excited about completing the mission and does not let anyone interfere in

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it. However, Draco turns to be a reluctant Death Eater in the later part of the novel because it turns out that he is fearful and not murderous enough when it comes to situation in which someone‟s life depends on. Furthermore, the description of

Draco as the son to Narcissa Malfoy is deeper emphasized. This is due to the fact that Narcissa will not think twice about putting herself in danger to protect her son, which later will influence the way the last two novels‟ plots develop.

In addition, Draco Malfoy is also an antagonist character as he provides opposition and is set against Harry Potter, the protagonist. What makes Draco an interesting antagonist character is the fact that although he is set against Harry and the companions and clearly not on the protagonist‟s side, he is not entirely on the opposition‟s side either. It is indicated by Draco‟s hesitation and fear when he has to perform the order he has been given or when he has to do something that surely will benefit his so-called side, such as when he has to murder Dumbledore and has to recognize Harry and companions‟ identities.

Secondly, the plots of the last two novels of the series are revealed to be the general one. The plots possess the general structures, which consist of the exposition, complication, crisis, climax, and resolution.

Lastly, it turns out that there are significance Draco Malfoy gives to the plots of the last two novels due to his description of roles as a minor character. In

Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince, Draco mainly gives significance to the plot by becoming a significant character in some crucial parts and by playing his roles, which lead him to do actions that cause minor conflicts to happen leading to the major one. While in Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows, Draco is a

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significant minor character by playing his roles in the last two novels, primarily because some crucial parts of the plot develop under the influence of his actions motivated by his roles, although without him realizing it.

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