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Studi Etnobotani Pemanfaatan Tumbuhan Upacara Adat Suku Dayak Tunjung Di Kabupaten Kutai Barat Provinsi Kalimantan Timur

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Studi Etnobotani Pemanfaatan Tumbuhan Upacara Adat Suku Dayak Tunjung Di Kabupaten Kutai Barat Provinsi Kalimantan Timur PLAGIATPLAGIAT MERUPAKAN MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TIDAK TERPUJI TERPUJI STUDI ETNOBOTANI PEMANFAATAN TUMBUHAN UPACARA ADAT SUKU DAYAK TUNJUNG DI KABUPATEN KUTAI BARAT PROVINSI KALIMANTAN TIMUR SKRIPSI Diajukan untuk Memenuhi Salah Satu Syarat Memperoleh Gelar Sarjana Pendidikan Program Studi Pendidikan Biologi Oleh: Yeri Lona 091434028 PROGRAM STUDI PENDIDIKAN BIOLOGI JURUSAN PENDIDIKAN MATEMATIKA DAN ILMU PENGETAHUAN ALAM FAKULTAS KEGURUAN DAN ILMU PENDIDIKAN UNIVERSITAS SANATA DHARMA YOGYAKARTA 2014 PLAGIATPLAGIAT MERUPAKAN MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TIDAK TERPUJI TERPUJI ii PLAGIATPLAGIAT MERUPAKAN MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TIDAK TERPUJI TERPUJI iii PLAGIATPLAGIAT MERUPAKAN MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TIDAK TERPUJI TERPUJI “Kata-kata dalam tulisan adalah kuat” Karya Ilmiah ini saya persembahkan kepada Ayah dan Ibu tercinta yang telah mendedikasikan seluruh hidup mereka demi tercapainya cita-cita yang saya inginkan. iv PLAGIATPLAGIAT MERUPAKAN MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TIDAK TERPUJI TERPUJI v PLAGIATPLAGIAT MERUPAKAN MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TIDAK TERPUJI TERPUJI vi PLAGIATPLAGIAT MERUPAKAN MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TIDAK TERPUJI TERPUJI ABSTRAK Budaya tradisional Suku Dayak Tunjung di Kutai Barat yang kaya akan berbagai kearifan lokal dan berperan aktif dalam pelestarian lingkungan belum banyak diungkap dan didata kedalam bentuk tulisan, khususnya pemanfaatan tumbuh-tumbuhan untuk proses upacara adat. Suku Dayak Tunjung terdiri dari beberapa Sub-suku, diantaranya adalah Suku Dayak Tunjung Rentenungk dan Suku Dayak Tunjung Tonyoi, yang memiliki kesamaan dalam pelaksanaan upacara adat. Proses upacara adat Suku Dayak Tunjung menggunakan organ tumbuh-tumbuhan yang digunakan sebagai alat atau media dalam upacara. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui, mengungkap, serta mendata Etnobotani masyarakat suku Dayak Tunjung, terkait dengan jenis tumbuhan yang digunakan dalam proses upacara adat, organ tumbuhan yang digunakan, proses mendapatkan organ tumbuhan yang digunakan serta jenis upacara yang mengunakan organ tumbuhan tersebut. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif dengan menggunakan metode deskriptif. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan melakukan observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi di 6 kampung, yaitu Kampung Balok Asa, Kampung Linggang Melapeh, Kampung Linggang Bigung, Kampung Bigung Baru, Kampung Linggang Mapan dan Kampung Linggang Amer. Terdapat 57 informan dalam proses penelitian ini, 7 informan primer dan 50 informan sekunder. Analisis data dilakukan secara induktif, dimulai dari terjun ke lapangan, mempelajari fenomena yang ada di lapangan hingga mendapatkan data yang utuh. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa Masyarakat Suku Dayak Tunjung masih berpegang pada adat istiadat dalam mengatur tata-cara pemanfaatan sumber daya alam untuk memenuhi kebutuhan hidup, khususnya pemanfaatan tumbuh- tumbuhan. Penelitian ini berhasil mendata tumbuhan yang digunakan dalam proses upacara adat Suku Dayak Tunjung sebanyak 78 spesies tumbuhan, yang terdiri 35 famili yang berbeda. Organ tumbuhan didapatkan dengan melakukan ritual atau tanpa ritual, jenis organ tumbuhan yang digunakan terdiri dari akar, ubi, batang, kulit batang, daun, bunga,buah, dan semua organ. Terdapat 17 Jenis upacara adat Suku Dayak Tunjung yang berhasil didata. Kata kunci : Etnobotani, Tumbuhan Upacara, Suku Dayak Tunjung, Upacara Adat, Organ Tumbuhan. vii PLAGIATPLAGIAT MERUPAKAN MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TIDAK TERPUJI TERPUJI ABSTRACT Dayak Tunjung traditional culture in the West Kutai is rich of local wisdom and actively participates in the preservation of the environment which has not been revealed and recorded into written form, especially in relation to the utilization of herbs for the traditional ceremony. Dayak Tunjung ethnic group consists of several sub-ethnics, among them are the Dayak Tunjung Rentenungk and Dayak Tunjung Tonyoi, which has similarities in the implementation of traditional ceremonies. Dayak Tunjung ceremonial process is using organs of plants which are used as a tools or medium in the ceremony. This research aimed to find out, uncover, and record Ethnobotany of Dayak Tunjung society, related to the type of plants used in traditional ceremonies process, plant organs used, the process of obtaining organs of plants used and the type of ceremony that uses the plant organs. This research is a qualitative study using descriptive method. Data was collected through observation, interview and documentation in six villages; namely Balok Asa, Linggang Melapeh, Linggang Bigung, Bigung Baru, Linggang Mapan and Linggang Amer. There are 57 informants in this research process, 7 primary informants and 50 secondary informants. Data were analyzed inductively, starting from the fieldwork, studying phenomena that exist in the field to get complete data. Research results showed that Dayak Tunjung Society still adhered to the tradition in regulating procedure utilization natural resources to fulfill their needs, especially the utilization of herbs. This research was managed to record the plants used in the traditional ceremony of Dayak Tunjung as many as 78 species of plants, which comprise of 35 different family. Plant organs obtained by performing a ritual or directly taken, the type of plant organs that are used consist of roots, tubers, stems, bark, leaves, flowers, fruit, and all of organs. There are 17 type Dayak Tunjung traditional ceremonies that were successfully recorded. Keywords: Ethnobotany, Ceremony Plant, Dayak Tunjung, Traditional Ceremony, Plant Organ. viii PLAGIATPLAGIAT MERUPAKAN MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TIDAK TERPUJI TERPUJI KATA PENGANTAR Puji syukur penulis panjatkan kepada Tuhan Yang Maha Esa atas berkat dan karunia-Nya, sehingga penulis dapat menyelesaikan skripsi ini. Skripsi yang berjudul “Studi Etnobotani Pemanfaatan Tumbuhan Upacara Adat Suku Dayak Tunjung Di Kabupaten Kutai Barat Provinsi Kalimantan Timur” ini disusun guna memenuhi salah satu persyaratan akedemik untuk menyelesaikan Program Sarjana Pendidikan Biologi Universitas Sanata Dharma Yogyakarta. Pada kesempatan ini, penulis mengucapkan terimakasih yang sebesar-besarnya kepada beberapa pihak yang telah memberikan kontribusi besar, sehingga penulisan skripsi ini dapat diselesaikan sebagaimana mestinya. Karena itu, pada kesempatan ini, penulis menghaturkan banyak terima kasih, khususnya kepada: 1. Dinas Pendidikan Kabupaten Kutai Barat yang telah memberikan kesempatan dan juga mendanai penulis untuk melaksanakan tugas belajar di Program Studi Pendidikan Biologi Universitas Sanata Dharma Yogyakarta. 2. Kepala Kampung Linggang Bigung, Linggang Melapeh, Linggang Mapan, Bigung Baru, Linggang Amer dan Balok Asa yang sudah membantu penulis dalam pemberian izin penelitian dan juga memberikan informasi kepada penulis terkait dengan penelitian yang dilakukan. 3. Pelaku Upacara adat, Dewan Adat dan Masayarakat Suku Dayak Tunjung yang telah bersedia menjadi narasumber. 4. Drs. A. Tri Priantoro, M. For. Sc selaku Dosen Pembimbing. 5. Bapak Simson dan Ibu Murni Lawati Selaku Orang tua penulis dan adik kecil ku Petrina yang tanpa batas dan tak kenal lelah meberikan dukungan, bantuan, Doa,dan semangat kepada penulis. 6. Willy Mulyati Jelly, selaku kekasih dari penulis yang telah memberikan dukungan moril dan doa kepada penulis. 7. Rebanon, selaku paman dari penulis yang menjadi relawan dan selalu menemani penulis dalam proses perekaman data tumbuhan. 8. Nabe dan Alex dan Faldi yang telah terlibat dalam proses penelitian di Desa Linggang Melapeh. 9. Bapak dan Ibu Dosen Pengajar dan seluruh Staf pada Program Pendidikan Biologi Universitas Sanata Dharma Yogyakarta. 10. Teman-teman seperjuangan,yang selama ini selalu memberikan dukungan moril kepada penulis (Adit Bantul, Fajar, Leo, Yoren, Jimmy Hendry, Yulius Tri Kurniawan, dll) dan juga seluruh teman-teman dari pendidikan Biologi USD angkatan 2009. ix PLAGIATPLAGIAT MERUPAKAN MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TIDAK TERPUJI TERPUJI x PLAGIATPLAGIAT MERUPAKAN MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TIDAK TERPUJI TERPUJI DAFTAR ISI HALAMAN JUDUL................................................................................. i HALAMAN PERSETUJUAN PEMBIMBING ......................................... ii HALAMAN PENGESAHAN ................................................................... iii HALAMAN PERSEMBAHAN ................................................................ iv PERNYATAAN KEASLIAN KARYA .................................................... v PERNYATAAN PERSETUJUAN PUBLIKASI ....................................... vi ABSTRAK ............................................................................................... vii ABSTRACT ............................................................................................... viii KATA PENGANTAR .............................................................................. ix DAFTAR ISI ............................................................................................ xi DAFTAR TABEL..................................................................................... xv DAFTAR GAMBAR ................................................................................ xvi DAFTAR LAMPIRAN ............................................................................. xx BAB I. PENDAHULUAN ........................................................................ 1 A. Latar Belakang ................................................................................ 1 B. Rumusan Masalah...........................................................................
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