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KINGDOM of GREECE Quadrumvirate: Anatolian Wars, 1919 Chaired by Berat Talay

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KINGDOM of GREECE Quadrumvirate: Anatolian Wars, 1919 Chaired by Berat Talay KINGDOM OF GREECE Quadrumvirate: Anatolian Wars, 1919 Chaired by Berat Talay Session XXII Kingdom of Greece Quadrumvirate: Anatolian Wars, 1919 Topic A: Moving Forward in the Wake of the National Schism Topic B: T he Asia Minor Campaign against the Ottomans Committee Overview Parliamentary Procedure With the end of World War I, the Standard MUN parliamentary Kingdom of Greece finds itself on the procedure will be adhered to in this winning side. While Constantine I was in committee, but may be altered at the exile, the prime minister Eleftherios discretion of the chair to reflect the current Venizelos assumed full control of the state of the crisis. Delegates in this kingdom and joined the members of the committee have certain abilities and powers Triple Entente comprised of the United that can greatly affect debate, and Kingdom, the French Republic, and Russian subsequently, the course of events. This Empire in victory. committee will be following procedures Like others, Greece wants to benefit similar to that of the General Assemblies, from a moribund Ottoman Empire. For the which includes maintaining a speaker’s list first time in centuries, Greece has the and having moderated and unmoderated opportunity to remove the Ottoman Empire caucuses. However, there will be a variety completely out of the Balkans. Approaching of crises that will require the use of mid­1919, the Venizelos government is directives, press releases, and portfolio close to settling its deals with an acquisition powers unique to each delegate. The of land that will expand its territory by committee may use the four tools listed in almost twofold. Although it seems that the order to promptly implement solutions. It is kingdom is on the rise of expansion, extremely important to remember that each internally it is divided by the schism of and every delegate represents a character, Venizelists and anti­Venizelists. Aside from or historical individual, rather than a ongoing political friction, Greek expansion specific country. Every directive, press is countered by Mustafa Kemal and the release, and portfolio request must Turkish National Movement. At this critical accurately reflect the viewpoints and moment, Greece must first achieve constraints of the character. domestic stability and then garner foreign support for expansion. – 1 – Quadrumvirate Organization behind the closed doors of the other three committee rooms. Every decision made by The Turkish National Movement, each of these Quad committees will impact Kingdom of Greece, the Russian Socialist the other three, making for multifaceted Federative Republic, and the United crisis elements and discussion, as well as Kingdom will be functioning as a group of the potential for multilateral agreement and four committees, with interconnected crisis conflict. Delegates are encouraged to elements, in which all debate in the interact through cross­committee crisis individual committee rooms will impact the notes, the arrangement of meetings through other three committees. While there are crisis staff, or cross­committee specific concerns that affect each room unmoderated caucus. individually and with which delegates must concern themselves, just as important is the international politicking and debate – 2 – Delegate Biographies Eleftherios Venizelos Alexander I of Greece Prime Minister King of Greece Eleftherios Venizelos was born in 1864 in Crete Alexander was born in 1893 in Athens. As the under Ottoman rule. He lived through the most second son of King Constantine I, and third in turbulent years of Cretan during which line to the throne upon birth, he was never revolutionaries revolted and was oppressed. He expected to become King of Greece. He was participated and played a major role in the last educated at the prestigious Hellenic Military Cretan Revolution. After Crete declared itself as Academy, going into combat during the Balkan an independent, Venizelos also formulated a Wars in the years 1912­1913. During World War liberal legislative and political system under I, his father elected to be neutral, though he had Prince George that provided security to Cretan German sympathies. However, the Entente residents.1 In 1910, he became the Prime Powers eventually pressured him to abdicate Minister of Greece with an endorsement of the throne. While Alexander’s brother, George, parliamentary democracy. When WWI broke should have been the next in line, he was out, Venizelos favored the Entente due to their determined by the Entente powers to be too strong naval power, while King Constantine I pro­German. Thus, Alexander took the throne favored the Central Power. Venizelos resigned in 1917, a position he continues to hold.3 twice in 1915 after a major disagreement with the king, once in February and once in Stylianos Gonatas December after he was elected as Prime Military Officer and Venizelist politician Minister again. In 1916, he supported the Stylianos Gonatas was born in 1876 in National Defense movement, moved to Thessalonica, established a provisional Patras. He was educated in Military government apart from the royalist Academy then joined the army after his government, and declared war on the Central graduation in 1897. He participated in Power. Thus, when World War ended, Greece many campaigns, including the is on the winning side.2 Macedonian struggle and the Balkan Wars. In addition to his achievement in the military, he was also a Venizelist politician. 1 Biography, (Chania, National Research Foundation “Eleftherios K. Venizelos”, 2018). 2 “The First World War 1914­1918” (Chania, National Research Foundation Eleftherios Venizelos, 2014­ 2017). 3 “Alexander of Greece,” (Wikipedia, 2018) – 3 – Dimitrios Gounaris Prince Andrew Leader of the People’s Party Prince of Greece and Denmark Dimitrios Gounaris was born in 1867 from an Prince Andrew is the seventh child of King affluent family. Because of a family financial George I. He was involved in the military at an crisis, he entered politics in 1902. In his early age in the Greek Army and participated interview before the national election from the in the Balkan War. During his education, he Akropolis, he outlined his vision of received training Panagiotis Danglis and was modernizing the country’s legal system, an acquaintance of fellow student Theordoros making education more practical, simplifying Pangalos. In 1903, he married Princess Alice of the tax system, imposing a progressive income Battenberg, who is related to Britain and test, and promoting a competitive market. Germany. During WWI, he visited Britain Although he believed that absence of state frequently, but his relationship with Germany intervention is ideal, he supported government led to suspicions to his intention. In 1917, intervention increasing production and because his brother, Constantine I, abdicated, economic efficiency. His first attempt was not Prince Andrew also went into exile.8 successful and his appointment as the minister of finance only lasted for four months until Nikolaos Plastira February 1909. However, in 1915, he was Greek General and Venizelist supporter appointed as Prime Minister. 4 Nikolaos Plastira was born in Karditsa in 1883. He joined the army in 1903 and participated in Xenophon Stratigos multiple military actions, including the Greek Major General Macedonian Struggle. He also took part in the Xenophon Stratigos was a Greek military officer Balkan War and made his presence in both who participated in the Balkan War and the military and politics. During the National Greco­Turkish War. During his military career, Schism, he supported Venizelos.9 he was appointed multiple positions, including serving for intelligence activity and staff Alexandros Othonaios service. He was a royalist and thus was Greek General removed from the army during the national Alexandros Othanaios is a Greek general with a Schism. close friendship with Venizelos. He attended the Hellenic Military Academy, and took parts Alexandros Zaimis in the Balkan War. During the National Former Greek Prime Minister Schism, he sided with Venizelos, and A lexandros Zaimis is a Greek parliamentarian participated in the Macedonian Front during who has served as Prime Minister of Greece WWI.10 five times prior to this committee as well as the High Commissioner of Crete from 1906­1908. During WWI, he openly supported a neutral position for the Greeks, but privately he supported the Allied effort.5 4 Adamantios Syrmaloglou, Parliamentary Economists and Social Reform: The Case of the ‘Japanese’ in the Hellenic Parliament (1906­1908), (The History of Economic Thought, 2015), 53­57. 5 V., Da Graça John. Heads of State and Government. (New York: St. Martins Press, 2000). 8 Gyles Brandreth, (Philip and Elizabeth: Portrait of a Marriage. (London: Century, 2004). 9 T. Veremis, “The Officer Corps in Greece (1912­1936),” in Byzantine and Modern Greek Studies 2 (1976): 113–33. 10 Eleftherios Venizelos: The Trials of Statesmanship: The Trials of Statesmanship edited by Paschalis M. Kitromilides – 4 – Theodoros Pangalos Georgios Hatzianestis Chief of Staff of Greek Army Greek Lieutenant General Theodoros Pangalos was born to a military and Georgios Hatzianestis was born in Athens to a aristocratic family. After he graduated from the politician and scholar. After he graduated from Greek Army Academy, he participated in the the Hellenic Military Academy, he spent a Balkan War. During the Great Schism, he joined period of time in Germany to further his Venizelos to the establishment of the military education. He participated in the provisional government. When King Greco­Turkish War, the First Balkan War, and Constantine I abdicated, he returned and took the Second Balkan War, during which he part in the Macedonian Front. In 1918, he slowly rose to higher ranks. In 1917, when the worked as chief of staff at the headquarter. 6 Venizelists took over, he was dismissed from the army because he was a royalist.11 Themistoklis Sofoulis Speaker of the Parliament Nikolaos Politis Themistoklis Sofoulis was a Greek politician Greek Diplomat who was born in Samos Island. In his early Nikolaos Politis served as the Greek Minister of years, he was a scholar studying archeology Foreign Affairs.
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