DOCSLIB.ORG

Documents Submitted to the Court After the Filing of the Memorial

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Documents Submitted to the Court After the Filing of the Memorial DOCUMENTS SUBMITTED TO THE COURT AFTER THE FILING OF THE MEMORIAL DOCUMENTS PRESENTES À LA COUR APRÈS LE DÉPOT DU MEMOIRE Washington, 14 March 1980. In response to your inquiry, the following information is provided to assist in establishing the reportoriai accuracy and authenticitg of the Foreign Broadwsi Information Service (FBIS) Daily Report items cited in the US Memorial filed in the litigation berore the International Court of Justice. We have attcmpted to provide a more detailed description of the FBIS Daily Report as well as some insighi into the manner in which the reporting is collected, assemblcd and dissemina ted. FBIS may be described as follows: the Foreign Broadcast Information Service, with some minor changes in title, has nionitored foreign media on bchalf of the US Government since the spring of 1941. Duririg World War II it was the prirnary source of information from the Axis radios, first from Germany and Itüty, and aller Deccmbcr 1941 from Japan and the areas under their control. In addition to monitoring foreign radio broadcasts, television and press agcncies, FRJS also has had the rcsponsihility since 1967 for translating foreign publica- tions as a service of common concern to US departmcnts and agencies. FBIS disseminates its product to al1 interested agencics of the US Governrnent. Its publications are available io the public in the United States and abroad by subscription through the National Technical Information Service (NTIS) of the US Department of Commerce. The FBIS Daily Repurf is a compilation of significant material monitored from foreign news media selected initially on the basis of potential inlcrcst to the US Gaverninent. It includes translations of foreign leilder speeches, government statements, official communiqués and interviews; major editorials, articles and commentaries; und ncws reports on significant political, cconomic, cultural and scientific developmcnts. It is published daily Mondily through Friday and is divided into eight gcographic volumes-People's Republic of China, Eastern Europe, Soviet Union, Asia and Pacific, Middle East and North Africa, Latin America, Western Europc, and Sub-Saharan Africa. Together the eight volumes carry about 210,000 words in 400 pages each dey. Thcy are printed overnight for distribution the ncxt rnorning in more than 7,000 copies distributed throughout the Government. Both paper and microfiche versions are available to the public in the US and abroad by subscription through NTIS. NTIS distributes more than 1,000 copies of the Doily Report. The Daily Report has a wide rcputation as a reliable and accurate source of current information on international affairs and is used as a rescarch aid by the US Government as well as the press, academic institutions and librarics. FBIS mat.eriats, including those used in the Baily Report, are derived from public radio and tclcvision broadcasts that are elecironically recordcd, press agency news rcports, and printed media such as newspapers and magazines. Audio recordings of radio and television news broadcasts are normally trans- lated into English direct from the original tape at the facility which madc the recording. The English language version of the item is then transmitted to ' See p. 513, infra. 330 DIPLOMATICAND CONSULAR STAFF Washington, DC, where the formalized daily publications of the FBIS are produced and disseminated. Given the high volume of recorded matter, it is not economically feasible to store the tapes for more than a temporary period. Typically they are erased and re-uscd within 30 days. Being able to retneve the original recordings of the FBIS items cited in the Mernorial thus is problematical at best. Because of their dates it is not reasonable to cxpect that many, if any. have not been re-used by this date. (Signed) John F. PEREIRA. 1. Student Staterncnt No. 91 LD 1 1 1750 Tehran Domestic Service in Persian, 1630 GMT, I 1 Jan. 80 LD. [Statemcnt No. 91 issucd "on the eve of the first lslamic Iranian presidential clcction'", by the Muslim Student Followers of the Imam's Policy; date not givcn -read by announcer.] [Text] In the name of God, the merciïul, the compassionate. The aleri and revolutionary lranian nation: The lslamic Revolution of Iran, ied by the Imam of the nation, the great Khorneini, put an end to monarchy in its first triumphant step and overthrew the corrupi and black Pahlavi régime. It has swiftly taken sieps to strengthen the Islamic Revolution, one of the greatest aspects of which is the stability of the Islarnic Republic. Toward this, having held a referendum, it succcsfully formulated and changed the constitution dunng its second vital and sensitive stage, despite al\ plots and atiacks. Now ihat the dear nation is in the proccss of electing its first president with ils own haiids, crirninal America has cxpanded the dimension of its plots to such an extent that it has even interfcred in the work of presidential candidates. Fortunately, the interference and plots by the great enemy, the criminal America, airncd ut disgracingkhe lsiamie RepuMic were discovered and then foiled by the Iranian pcoplc and exposed to the world. 2. Latin: Gotbzadeh Sends "Intransigcnt" Messages to the United Nations PA132022 Buenos Aires Latin in Spanish, 1919 GMT, 13 Jan. 80, PA. [By Paul Taylor.] [Texî] Tehran, 13 Jan. (Latin-Rcutcr)-ln an iniransigent message to United Nations Secretary-General Kurt Waldheim, lran stated that not even the formation of a committee by that international organization to study the charges against the deposed Shah would end the crisis between Tehran and Washington. The texi of lranian Foreign Minister Sadeq Gotbzadeh's message to Waldheim was published today by the Tehran daily Bamdad Informed sources have confirmed its authenticity. The message, which last night postponed a vote on economic sanctions against lran in the Security Council, made no reference to ihe 50 US hostagcs imprisoned in the US Embüssy in Tehran, which arc the cause of the request for sanctions. The group of Muslim students occupying the US Embassy for the pas1 10 weeks said it had no knowledgc of the Gotbzadeh message, but that its position is unchanged. "Our demands have not bccn modificd. The hostagcs will not be released until the Shah and his money are returned to Iran", a stiident spokesman told this agency. He added ihat lhey are sure that rcvolutionary leader Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini has not changed his position on the problem. The lranian Foreign Minister's lettcr made rcference to proposais discussed with Waldheim during his visit 10 lran 10 days ago to the effect that the United 332 DlPLOMATlC AND CONSULAR STAFF Nations would invcstigate the violation of human nghts under the Shah's government. "The only solution is that we talk about this. Naturally, the mere formation of this committee or the outlining of its views will not in itsclf solve any problem", stated the lelter. "Our demands for the extradition of the Shah and his properties must be confronted in a legal way", he said. He did not mention the release of the hostages. The letter concluded on a chalienging note: "Therefore, 1 once again declare that if the decisions of the Security Council are not based on the acceptance and implementation of our desires, they will be considered empty from our point of view." 3. Gotbzadeh on Hostages' Release OW140516 Hong Kong AFP in English, 0512 GMT, 14 Jan. 80 OW. [Text] 'Tehran, 14 Jan. (AFPjlranian Foreign Minister Sadeq Gotbzadeh said here today that the American hostages held by militants at the Tehran Embassy could bc released only after total acceptance of three demands presented by Iran to United Nations Secretary-General Kurt Waldheim. He said the three points were: Creation of an international committee to investigate the "crimes" committed by the Shah of lran during his reign. -Recognition by the United Nations of Iran's right to demand extradition of the Shah (who is currently living out his exile on the Panamanian island of Contadora). -Recognition of Iran's claim to the imperial family's wealth and property. Mr. Gotbzadeh, who held a brief press conference at Tehran airport before flying to the south of the country, said that inquiry into the Shah's "crimes" would not in itself be enough to obtain freedom for the hostages who have been held at the US Embassy in Tehran since 4 November. The Foreign Minister said that if sanctions were applied against his country, they "would have no efect", and that if the United States persisted in trying to have sanctions imposed, the result would be contrary to what Washington was trying to obtain. Asked about possible Iranian reprisais against countries which voted for sanctions, Mr. Gotbzadeh would only say that "the question would have to be studied". 4. Gotbzadeh Press Conference JN140935 Tehran International Service in Arabic, 0800 GMT, 14 Jan. 80 JN. [Text] Speaking about the United Nations Security Council resolutions at a press conference held at Mehrabad International Airport, Foreign Minister Sadeq Gotbzadeh has said: 1 have often told United Nations Secretary-General Waldheim that if the Security Council votes in favour of imposing an economic boycott on Iran, it would have marched in a direction contrary to the solution of the crisis, and that the United States pressures against Iran will aggravate the situation, The Iranian Foreign Minister denied reports which have been reitcrated, that Iran is ready to enter into negotiations on the release of the hostages. Hc süid international news agencies under the control of dirty Zionism are distorting facts and that certain domestic news media are falsifying reports. The Foreign Minister added: The issue of the hostages release loses its contcxt without the extradition of the deposed Shah. DOCUMENTS 333 5. Unaccepiability of United Nations Decisions LD141058 Tehran Domestic Service in Persian, 1030 GMT, 14 Jan.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • 3/1980 Report
    MARCH 1980 SURVEY March 28, 1980 Surveyso fConsume rAttitude s Richard T.Curtin , Director §> CONSUMER SENTIMENT FALLS TO NEW RECORD LOW LEVEL **In the March 1980 survey, the Index of Consumer Sentiment was 56.5,dow n more than 10 Index-points from February 1980 (66.9) and March 1979 (68.4), and represents the lowest level recorded in more than a quarter-century. At no time have consumers been more pessimistic about their ownpersona l financial situation or about prospects for the economy as a whole. Importantly, the major portion of these declines were recorded prior to President Carter's latest inflation message just 10 percent of the interviews were conducted after Carter's speech. **Among families with incomes of $15,000 and over, the Index of Consumer Senti­ ment was 51.3 in March 1980,dow n from 60.2 in February 1980, and 65.2i n March 1979. TheMarc h 1980 Index figure of 51.3 is below the prior record low of 53.6 recorded in February 1975. **New record low levels recorded in March 1980include : *Near1y half (48 percent) of all families reported in March 1980 that they were worse off financially than a year earlier, twice the propor­ tion whoreporte d an improved financial situation (24 percent). *Three-in-four respondents (76 percent) expected bad times financially for the economy as a whole during the next 12 months, while just 14 percent expected improvement. ^Interest rates were expected to increase during the next 12 months by 71 percent of all families in March 1980an d the highest rates of expected inflation were recorded during early 1980, with consumers expecting inflation to average 12% during the next 12 months.
    [Show full text]
  • GENERAL AGREEMENT on 1 April 1980 TARIFFS and TRADE Limited Distribution
    RESTRICTED L/4914/Rev.1 GENERAL AGREEMENT ON 1 April 1980 TARIFFS AND TRADE Limited Distribution MULTILATERAL TRADE NEGOTIATIONS Status of Acceptances of Protocols, Agreements and Arrangements (as of 31 March 1980) The following Protocols, Agreements and Arrangements have been accepted by the Governments listed on the dates and with the conditions specified. A. Geneva (1979) Protocol to the General.Agreement on Tariffs and Trade - Argentina 11 July 1979 - Austria subjectt to ratification) 17 October 1979 Ratification 28 December 1979 - Belgium (Subject to ratification) 17 December 1979 - Canada (subject to ratification) 11 July 1979 - Denmark (subject to ratification). 17 December 1979 Ratification with regard to the products 21 December 1979 subject to the regime of the European Coal and Steel Community and except as regards its application to the Faroe Islands. - European Economic Community 13 July 1979 (For authentification of the Protocol and of the schedules of tariff concessions annexed thereto, and subject to conclusion by the European Communities in accordance with the procedures in force) Acceptance 17 December 1979 - Finland (subject to ratification) 11 July 1979 Ratification 13 March 1980 - France 17 December 1979 - Germany, Fed. Rep. (subject to ratification) 17 December 1979 - Hungary 17 December 1979 - Iceland (subject to ratification) 18 September 1979 - Ireland 17 December 1979 - Israel (subject to ratification) 22 November 1979 - Italy 17 December 1979 - Jamaica 12 December 1979 - Japan (subject to acceptance) 27 July 1979 - Luxembourg 17 December 1979 L/4914/Rev.1 Page 2 - Netherlands 17 December 1979 The acceptance shall apply to the Kingdom in Europe only. However, the Government of the Kingdom of the Netherlands reserves the right to extend the acceptance of the-Protocol by written notification to the Netherlands Antilles at a later date.
    [Show full text]
  • Tasneem Ghazi
    The King’s Student Law Review and Strife Journal, Joint Edition: Issue I (2018) Examining the Concept of Jihad: Closing the Disparity between Scriptural Meaning and Abuse Tasneem Ghazi Since the rise of Islamist extremism, a great deal of academic and public attention has been devoted to understanding the concept of jihad. Today, jihad has risen to the forefront of public knowledge, becoming the most commonly known and misunderstood Islamic concept. Whilst linguistically meaning ‘to struggle’, jihad is defined quite broadly in Islamic scripture as being a ‘duty to realise and struggle towards God’s will’. Since part of this wide concept pertains to military conflict (the ‘Lesser jihad’) and ‘combatting the enemies of Islam’, jihad has often been simply understood as ‘just Islamic war’. The last two decades in particular have witnessed the unprecedented abuse of this term, as Islamist fundamentalists (and activists) have used jihad as a rallying cry to globally conscript Muslims to their causes. This common abuse of jihad is extremely dire, as the duty behind this struggle is a divinely ordained Command that is strongly established in primary sources of Islamic law and jurisprudence (Qura’an and Hadith).1 Indeed even today, many practicing Muslims hold this duty as being an informal ‘sixth pillar of Islam’. This paper seeks to clarify the meaning of jihad according to normative Sunni Islamic law and fiqh (jurisprudence) through a textual, Orthodox Asha’ri perspective. Through this lens, this paper argues that any genuine understanding of jihad within Islamic law is intertwined with the development and history of this concept in addition to a basic understanding of traditional Qur’anic exegesis (held as necessary for deriving any legal principle within Islamic law).
    [Show full text]
  • US Covert Operations Toward Iran, February-November 1979
    This article was downloaded by: [Tulane University] On: 05 January 2015, At: 09:36 Publisher: Routledge Informa Ltd Registered in England and Wales Registered Number: 1072954 Registered office: Mortimer House, 37-41 Mortimer Street, London W1T 3JH, UK Middle Eastern Studies Publication details, including instructions for authors and subscription information: http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/fmes20 US Covert Operations toward Iran, February–November 1979: Was the CIA Trying to Overthrow the Islamic Regime? Mark Gasiorowski Published online: 01 Aug 2014. Click for updates To cite this article: Mark Gasiorowski (2015) US Covert Operations toward Iran, February–November 1979: Was the CIA Trying to Overthrow the Islamic Regime?, Middle Eastern Studies, 51:1, 115-135, DOI: 10.1080/00263206.2014.938643 To link to this article: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00263206.2014.938643 PLEASE SCROLL DOWN FOR ARTICLE Taylor & Francis makes every effort to ensure the accuracy of all the information (the “Content”) contained in the publications on our platform. However, Taylor & Francis, our agents, and our licensors make no representations or warranties whatsoever as to the accuracy, completeness, or suitability for any purpose of the Content. Any opinions and views expressed in this publication are the opinions and views of the authors, and are not the views of or endorsed by Taylor & Francis. The accuracy of the Content should not be relied upon and should be independently verified with primary sources of information. Taylor and Francis shall not be liable for any losses, actions, claims, proceedings, demands, costs, expenses, damages, and other liabilities whatsoever or howsoever caused arising directly or indirectly in connection with, in relation to or arising out of the use of the Content.
    [Show full text]
  • What Does Islam Say About Terrorism
    “O mankind! We created you from a single (pair) of In the Name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful a male and a female, and made you into nations and tribes, that ye may know each other (not that ye may despise(each other).Verily the most honored of you in “…if any one slew a person - unless it be for murder or for spreading mischief the sight of God is (he who is) the most righteous of you. in the land - it would be as if he slew the whole people: and if any one saved a life, And God has full knowledge and is well acquainted it would be as if he saved the life of the whole people.” [Al-Qur’an 5:32] (with all things).” [Al-Qur’an 49:13] One of the distinctive characteristics of the entire cities, the exalted councils that choke times we live in is the overwhelming presence millions of civilians to death by wielding the of violence in our societies. Whether it is a insidious weapon of sanctions, are rarely punished bomb going off in a market place, or the hijacking for their crimes against humanity. What of an aircraft where innocent people are held at ransom to achieve political ends, we live in an age, It is this narrow definition of terrorism that implicates where the manipulation and loss of innocent lives only individuals and groups, that has caused has become commonplace. Such is the all-pervasive Muslims to be associated with acts of destruction does nature of indiscriminate violence, that “terrorism” is and terror, and as a result, to become victims of considered as one of the prime threats to peace and hate, violence and terror themselves.
    [Show full text]
  • Maps Cited by Congress When Designating Wilderness
    Maps Summary Table In 2003 long-time NPS Wilderness Coordinator Wes Henry prepared this table that was intended for inclusion in the updated Reference Manual 41 – Wilderness Management. Wes died soon thereafter. PEER has updated the table to reflect information through 2014. RM 41: Section F: DRAFT January 21, 2003 Maps Cited by Congress when Designating Wilderness. The table lists in: Column 2: maps cited by Congress when designating NPS wilderness (in chronological order by date of enactment); Column 3: date of an official legal description prepared after designation, and Column 4: whether a post-enactment official boundary map was prepared. NPS AREA – CONGRESSIONAL DATE OF DATE OF WILDERNESS MAP NUMBER OFFICIAL OFFICAL MAP DATE AND DATE, CITED LEGAL IN LAW DESCRIPTION Craters of the 131-91,000 December 1970 NPS cited Moon – Oct. 1970 March 1970 legislative map Petrified Forest - NP-PF-3320-O December 1970 NPS cited October 1970 November 1967 legislative map Lava Beds – NM-LB-3227H December 1972 NPS cited October 1972 August 1972 legislative map Lassen Volcanic – NP-LV-9013C June 1973 NPS cited October 1972 August 1972 legislative map Point Reyes – 612-90,000-B May 1978 February 1977 October 1976 September 1976 Bandelier – 315-20,014-B August 1978 August 1978 October 1976 May 1976 Black Canyon of 144-20,017 January 1977 January 1977 the Gunnison – May 1973 October 1976 Chiricahua - 145-20,007-A May 1978 January 1977 October 1976 September 1973 Great Sand Dunes 140-20,006-C December 1976; January 1980 October 1976 February 1976 Revised:
    [Show full text]
  • ISLAMIC FOUNDATIONS of a FREE SOCIETY
    ISLAMIC FOUNDATIONS of a FREE SOCIETY Edited by NOUH EL HARMOUZI & LINDA WHETSTONE Islamic Foundations of a Free Society ISLAMIC FOUNDATIONS OF A FREE SOCIETY EDITED BY NOUH EL HARMOUZI AND LINDA WHETSTONE with contributions from MUSTAFA ACAR • SOUAD ADNANE AZHAR ASLAM • HASAN YÜCEL BAŞDEMIR KATHYA BERRADA • MASZLEE MALIK • YOUCEF MAOUCHI HICHAM EL MOUSSAOUI • M. A. MUQTEDAR KHAN BICAN ŞAHIN • ATILLA YAYLA First published in Great Britain in 2016 by The Institute of Economic Affairs 2 Lord North Street Westminster London SW1P 3LB in association with London Publishing Partnership Ltd www.londonpublishingpartnership.co.uk The mission of the Institute of Economic Affairs is to improve understanding of the fundamental institutions of a free society by analysing and expounding the role of markets in solving economic and social problems. Copyright © The Institute of Economic Affairs 2016 The moral rights of the authors have been asserted. All rights reserved. Without limiting the rights under copyright reserved above, no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored or introduced into a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means (electronic, mechanical, photo- copying, recording or otherwise), without the prior written permission of both the copyright owner and the publisher of this book. A CIP catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. ISBN 978-0-255-36729-5 (interactive PDF) Many IEA publications are translated into languages other than English or are reprinted. Permission to translate or
    [Show full text]
  • WHCA Video Log
    WHCA Video Log Tape # Date Title Format Duration Network C1 9/23/1976 Carter/Ford Debate #1 (Tape 1) In Philadelphia, Domestic Issues BetaSP, DigiBeta, VHS 90 ABC C2 9/23/1976 Carter/Ford Debate #1 (Tape 2) In Philadelphia, Domestic Issues BetaSP, DigiBeta, VHS 30 ABC C3 10/6/1976 Carter/Ford Debate #2 In San Francisco, Foreign Policy BetaSP, DigiBeta, VHS 90 ABC C4 10/15/1976 Mondale/Dole Debate BetaSP, DigiBeta, VHS 90 NBC C5 10/17/1976 Face the Nation with Walter Mondale BetaSP, DigiBeta, VHS 30 CBS C6 10/22/1976 Carter/Ford Debate #3 At William & Mary, not complete BetaSP, DigiBeta, VHS 90 NBC C7 11/1/1976 Carter Election Special BetaSP, DigiBeta, VHS 30 ABC C8 11/3/1976 Composite tape of Carter/Mondale activities 11/2-11/3/1976 BetaSP, DigiBeta, VHS 30 CBS C9 11/4/1976 Carter Press Conference BetaSP, DigiBeta, VHS 30 ALL C10 11/7/1976 Ski Scene with Walter Mondale BetaSP, DigiBeta, VHS 30 WMAL C11 11/7/1976 Agronsky at Large with Mondale & Dole BetaSP, DigiBeta, VHS 30 WETA C12 11/29/1976 CBS Special with Cronkite & Carter BetaSP, DigiBeta, VHS 30 CBS C13 12/3/1976 Carter Press Conference BetaSP, DigiBeta, VHS 60 ALL C14 12/13/1976 Mike Douglas Show with Lillian and Amy Carter BetaSP, DigiBeta, VHS 60 CBS C15 12/14/1976 Carter Press Conference BetaSP, DigiBeta, VHS 60 ALL C16 12/14/1976 Barbara Walters Special with Peters/Streisand and Jimmy and Rosalynn Carter BetaSP, DigiBeta, VHS 60 ABC Page 1 of 92 Tape # Date Title Format Duration Network C17 12/16/1976 Carter Press Conference BetaSP, DigiBeta, VHS 30 ABC C18 12/21/1976 Carter Press Conference BetaSP, DigiBeta, VHS 30 ALL C19 12/23/1976 Carter Press Conference BetaSP, DigiBeta, VHS 30 ABC C20 12/29/1976 Good Morning America with Carter and Cabinet Members (Tape 1) BetaSP, DigiBeta, VHS 60 ABC C21 12/29/1976 Good Morning America with Carter and Cabinet Members (Tape 2) Digital Files, Umatic 60 ABC C22 1/4/1977 Dinah Shore Show with Mrs.
    [Show full text]
  • General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade
    RESTRICTED GENERAL AGREEMENT ON L/4914/Rev.4 25 June 1981 TARIFFS AND TRADE Limited Distribution MULTILATERAL TRADE NEGOTIATIONS Status of Acceptances of Protocols/ Agreements and Arrangements (as- of 22 June 1981)1 The following Protocols, Agreements and Arrangements have been accepted by the Governments listed on the dates and with the conditions or declarations specified. A. Geneva (1979) Protocol to the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade Argentina 11 July 1979 Austria (subject to ratification) 17 October 1979 Ratification 28 December 1979 Belgium (subject to ratification) 17 December 1979 Ratification 7 May 1981 Canada (subject to ratification) 11 July 1979 Czechoslovakia 16 June 1980 Denmark (subject to ratification) 17 December 1979 Ratification with regard to the products 21 December 1979 subject to the régime of the European Coal and Steel Community and except as regards its application to the Faroe Islands European Economic Community 13 July 1979 (For authentication of the Protocol and of the schedules of tariff concessions annexed thereto, and subject to conclusion by the European Communities in accordance with the procedures in force) Acceptance 17 December 1979 Finland (subject to ratification) 11 July 1979 Ratification 13 March 1980 France 17 December 1979 Germany, Fed. Rep. (subject to ratification) 17 December 1979 Ratification 7 November 1980 The Geneva (1979) Protocol to the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade shall also apply to Berlin (West) with effect from the date on which it enters into force for the Federal Republic of Germany This document consolidates the information contained in docu­ ments L/4914/Rev.3 and Adds. 1-15.
    [Show full text]
  • Transcript of the Spoken Word, Rather Than Written Prose
    THE GUANTÁNAMO BAY ORAL HISTORY PROJECT The Reminiscences of Asim Qureshi Columbia Center for Oral History Columbia University 2011 PREFACE The following oral history is the result of a recorded interview with Asim Qureshi conducted by Ronald J. Grele and Kanishk Tharoor on May 30, 2011. This interview is part of the Guantánamo Bay Oral History Project. The reader is asked to bear in mind that s/he is reading a verbatim transcript of the spoken word, rather than written prose. 3PM Session One Interviewee: Asim Qureshi Location: London, United Kingdom Interviewer: Ronald J. Grele and Kanishk Tharoor Date: May 30, 2011 Qureshi: Who is leading the questions? Q: As I said, for the first part, we want to ask you about your early life. Who are you? Where are you from? Maybe not back to five years old, but around there, if you could tell us a bit about yourself. Qureshi: My name is Asim Qureshi. I am the Executive Director of Cageprisoners. In terms of my background, it depends on how far you want me to go back. I originally come from a Pakistani background. Both my parents are Pakistani. My dad was from a city called Faisalabad, what during colonialism was known as Lyallpur, after the colonialists. My mother was from one of the major cities, Lahore. My dad came here somewhere in the 1970s along with the rest of his family. The whole of my dad's side of the family have lived in the UK [United Kingdom] for many years. They are first generation immigrants.
    [Show full text]
  • Blood-Soaked Secrets Why Iran's 1988 Prison
    BLOOD-SOAKED SECRETS WHY IRAN’S 1988 PRISON MASSACRES ARE ONGOING CRIMES AGAINST HUMANITY Amnesty International is a global movement of more than 7 million people who campaign for a world where human rights are enjoyed by all. Our vision is for every person to enjoy all the rights enshrined in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and other international human rights standards. We are independent of any government, political ideology, economic interest or religion and are funded mainly by our membership and public donations. © Amnesty International 2017 Except where otherwise noted, content in this document is licensed under a Creative Commons Cover photo: Collage of some of the victims of the mass prisoner killings of 1988 in Iran. (attribution, non-commercial, no derivatives, international 4.0) licence. © Amnesty International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/legalcode For more information please visit the permissions page on our website: www.amnesty.org Where material is attributed to a copyright owner other than Amnesty International this material is not subject to the Creative Commons licence. First published in 2017 by Amnesty International Ltd Peter Benenson House, 1 Easton Street London WC1X 0DW, UK Index: MDE 13/9421/2018 Original language: English amnesty.org CONTENTS GLOSSARY 7 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 8 METHODOLOGY 18 2.1 FRAMEWORK AND SCOPE 18 2.2 RESEARCH METHODS 18 2.2.1 TESTIMONIES 20 2.2.2 DOCUMENTARY EVIDENCE 22 2.2.3 AUDIOVISUAL EVIDENCE 23 2.2.4 COMMUNICATION WITH IRANIAN AUTHORITIES 24 2.3 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 25 BACKGROUND 26 3.1 PRE-REVOLUTION REPRESSION 26 3.2 POST-REVOLUTION REPRESSION 27 3.3 IRAN-IRAQ WAR 33 3.4 POLITICAL OPPOSITION GROUPS 33 3.4.1 PEOPLE’S MOJAHEDIN ORGANIZATION OF IRAN 33 3.4.2 FADAIYAN 34 3.4.3 TUDEH PARTY 35 3.4.4 KURDISH DEMOCRATIC PARTY OF IRAN 35 3.4.5 KOMALA 35 3.4.6 OTHER GROUPS 36 4.
    [Show full text]
  • Implications of Iranian Elections
    CRS INSIGHT Implications of Iranian Elections March 4, 2016 (IN10457) | Related Author Kenneth Katzman | Kenneth Katzman, Specialist in Middle Eastern Affairs ([email protected], 7-7612) Summary An apparent strong showing by supporters of President Hassan Rouhani might reflect broad support for the nuclear agreement between Iran and major international powers ("Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action," JCPOA) that is providing significant sanctions relief. Iran's core national security goals are unlikely to change, and with runoffs still to come, any possible easing of social and political restrictions is difficult to predict. The results could affect the choice of the next Supreme Leader. Election Processes On February 26, 2016, Iran held elections for the 290-seat Majles (parliament) and for the 88-seat body called the "Assembly of Experts," which is empowered to choose a successor to the Supreme Leader and rewrite Iran's constitution. The Majles plays a significant role on budgetary and economic decisions, but less of a role on issues of national security. The Majles seats are allocated to 207 geographic constituencies, meaning that some constituencies send more than one person to the body. Tehran, for example, sends 30 members to the Majles. The Assembly of Experts seats are divided among Iran's 31 provinces. The largest constituency in both elections is Tehran, which sends 30 persons to the Majles and 16 to the Assembly of Experts. Five Majles seats are reserved for members of the "recognized" religious minorities (Zoroastrians, Jews, and several Christian denominations). Political parties are generally banned, and factions compete as loose alliances of candidates based on ideology.
    [Show full text]