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Home , Albrecht Ritschl, Ernst Troeltsch, Otto Pfleiderer, Protestant scholasticism, Wilhelm Pauck

FLORIDA INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY Department of Religious Studies REL 3530 : From Luther to Barth SPRING 2018 ______

Instructor: Mr. Daniel Alvarez Class Hours: MWF, 9:00-9:50 p.m. Office Hours: MF 2:15-3:30 p.m. Room: CP 419 Office: DM 304A Spring 2018

E-Mail Address: [email protected]

COURSE DESCRIPTION Surveys Protestantism from the to the present, including the formation of Protestant , the relationship of Protestantism to culture and contemporary developments.

TEXTBOOKS John Dillenberger & Claude Welch, Protestant Christianity Interpreted Through its Developments, 2nd edition, Macmillan, 1988. John Dillenberger, editor, Luther: Selections from His Writings (Anchor Books, 1958). J. K. S. Reid, editor, Calvin Theological Treatises (Westminster, 1954).

Readings from primary sources posted on Blackboard.

Students are encouraged to explore internet resources to supplement their reading and research. However, the quality of internet resources is highly uneven and the student must be very judicious in the use of such sources. A sample of such resources is given at the end of the syllabus with bibliography.

COURSE STRUCTURE The course is divided into three sections:

I. 16th - 18th centuries Rise of Protestantism: Luther, “Preface to the Epistle to the Romans”; Commentary on Galatians (Chapters 1 and 2); selection Commentary on Galatians. Reformed Protestantism: Calvin, selection from Necessity of Reforming the Church. Radical Reformation: The Anabaptists English Reformation: From Henry VIII to Elizabeth I (1534-1604). 17th century Protestant : 1564-1675. and Puritanism “Great Awakening” in America: Jonathan Edwards, “Divine & Supernatural Light” and “Sinners in the Hands of an Angry .”

II. Enlightenment Rationalism and19th Century Protestant The Enlightenment: Hermann Samuel Reimarus, . Liberal Protestantism, 1st Phase: Schleiermacher and Hegel; 2nd Phase: David F. Strauss, F. C. Baur, , . Unitarianism and Transcendentalim in America: William Ellery Channing, “Baltimore Sermon, 1819”; , “Divinity School Address, 1838.” Protestant Expansion, Slavery, and the American Indian

III. Conservative vs. Liberal Protestantism: to Early 20th century Conservatism in : E. W. Hengstenberg Princeton Theology in America: Charles Hodge, A. A. Hodge American : Benjamin Warfield, “The Inspiration of the Bible”; Gresham Machen, selection from Christianity and Liberalism. Liberal Protestantism in America: Harry Emerson Fosdick, “Shall the Fundamentalists Win?; Charles Eliot, “The Future of .” Protestantism in Germany, 2nd Phase: From de Wette to Ritschl Christianity and the World

IV. 20th Century: Post 1960s Developments Social Gospel Movement in America: , selection from A Theology of the Social Gospel, and Arthur Cushman McGiffert, “The Kingdom of God.” German Christian Movement: The Nazi Church. Neo-Orthodox Protestantism: (d. 1968), selections from Epistle to the Romans (1922), “Schleiermacher” (1926), “Schleiermacher” (1952), (d. 1965), “The Recovery of the Prophetic Tradition by the Reformation.” Post-1960s Developments: Ecumenism, “God-is-Dead” Theology; Black Liberation Theology; , Resurgent Fundamentalism.

INSTRUCTIONAL OBJECTIVES 1. To expose the student to the seminal primary sources or "raw materials" for the study and understanding of Protestantism.

2. To facilitate the informed discussion of the nature of Protestantism in all its complexity and diversity.

3. To analyze selected primary documents essential for understanding the evolution of Protestantism from Luther to the present, with an emphasis theological development.

4. To provide the student with a comprehensive historical overview of the major voices and movements that shaped the Protestant tradition.

5. To make possible, for students who may be neither Western, Christian nor Protestant, a sympathetic understanding of a major and influential branch of the Christian religious tradition by situating Protestantism in the context of historical forces and factors that have their analogue and significant parallels in the other great world religions.

6. To equip the student with the categories, historical and conceptual framework, identity of the most important figures and movements of thought that will allow him/her to pursue and explore in greater depth through a research paper a particular topic or aspect of the Protestant tradition.

COURSE REQUIREMENTS

1. A 12-15 page research paper on any aspect of Protestantism (40% of grade).

2. A 100 question cumulative final objective exam: multiple choice, true or false, based on lectures and readings (40% of grade). You will have three (3) hours to complete exam and two (2) attempts (with

highest score as final score). Exam will be posted during final exam weeks and you can take it at any time during that week.

3. An in-class 5-10 minute, 2-page double spaced, presentation based on the reading assignment for a particular week (20% of grade).

GRADE CRITERIA

A= 93-100 A-=89-92 B+=85-88 B=80-84 B-=76-79 C+=72-75 C=65-71 F=BELOW 65

COURSE OUTLINE

Week 1 I. 16th - 18th centuries Introduction: Syllabus, Requirements, Overview of course

The Protestant Reformation: The Medieval Backbroung, & John Calvin Required Reading: Dillenberger & Welch, 3-52; Luther: “Preface to the New Testament” (Dillingberger, Luther). Recommended: “Address to the Christian Nobility of the German Nation” (Dillenberger, Luther); “The Babylonian Captivity of the Church” (Dillenberger, Luther).

Week 2 Selection from Luther’s Commentary on Galatians 1, 2 (on Blackboard).

Movie: Martin Luther

Week 3 The Protestant Reformation: John Calvin Required Reading: Calvin: “Necessity of Reforming the Church” (Reid, Calvin)

Video: John Calvin

Week 4 Radical Protestantism (Zwingli, the Anabaptists) and the English Reformation Required Reading: Dillenberger & Welch, 43-47; 53-71; 108-111; Roger Williams, selection from Bloody Tenet of Persecution; William Penn, selection from Primitive Christianity Revived (on Blackboard).

Video: The Anabaptists

Week 5 Protestant Orthodoxy, Pietism, Puritanism, and Evangelical Protestantism in America Required Reading: Dillenberger & Welch, 73-108; 111-136; Edwards, “Divine and Supernatural Light.” Recommended: Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God” (on Blackboard).

Week 6 II. Enlightenment Rationalism and the 19th Century Enlightenment Rationalism (1696-1794): From to Reimarus and Kant. Required Reading: Dillenberger & Welch, Protestant Christianity, 136-143.

Week 7 Schleiermacher, Hegel, and the Emergence of Liberal Protestantism, 1st Phase Required Reading: Dillenberger & Welch, 161-176; Schleiermacher, Speeches on Religion Addressed to its Despisers Among the Educated (1799), 1st and 2nd Speeches.

Week 8 Developments in America and England: Unitarianism and ; Essays and Reviews (1860) and Lux Mundi (1889) Required Reading: Dillenberger & Welch, 201-203; William Ellery Channing, “Baltimore Sermon” (1819); Ralph Waldo Emerson, “Divinity School Address” (1838) (posted on Blackboard).

Week 9 The Uneasy Conscience of Protestantism: Expansionism and the Missionary Movement; the Encounter with the world religions; the Question of Slavery and the American Indian; Protestantism and the Industrial Revolution. Required Reading: Dillingberger & Welch, 145-160; selections from John Henry Channing; Orestes Brownson; Chief Red Jacket; John Henry Thornwell, Richard Furman (on Blackboard).

Week 10 Liberal Protestantism in Germany, 2nd Phase: de Wette, Strauss, Baur, Wellhausen, Ritschl, Harnack, and Troeltsch; Conservative Protestantism: E. W. Hengstenberg Required Reading: Dillenberger & Welch, 177-200; 208-211 Alvarez, Handout #1: Study of Religion in the West: 1800-1900 (on Blackboard); Troeltsch, “Historical and Dogmatic Method in Theology” (1898); “The Place of Christianity Among Religions” (1923) (on Blackboard); , “Critique of Troeltsch and Historical ” (on Blackboard).

Week 11 III. Conservative vs. Liberal Protestantism: 19th century to Early 20th century Ritschlian Protestantism and the Challenge of Marxism Required Reading: Dillenberger & Welch, 211-231; Walter Rauschenbusch, selection from A Theology for the Social Gospel [1917] (Smith & Handy, American Christianity, 401- 407); Arthur Cushman McGiffert, “The Kingdom of God” (on Blackboard).

Fundamentalist Protestantism Required Reading: Dillenberger & Welch, 200-208; 299-308; A. A. Hodge and Benjamin Warfield, “Biblical Inerrancy” [1881] (from Smith & Handy, 324-332); J. Gresham Machen's Christianity and Liberalism [1923] (Smith & Handy, American Christianity, 345-349) (on Blackboard).

Week 12 Neo-Orthodoxy, 1930-1960 Karl Barth (d. 1968) Confronts the German Christians Required Reading: Dillenberger & Welch, 233-256; Karl Barth (d. 1968), selections from Karl Barth’s Epistle to the Romans (1922) (on Blackboard); The Barmen Declaration (on Blackboard); Barth’s “Schleiermacher” (1926), in Theology and the Church (on Blackboard). Recommended: “Schleiermacher” (1952), in Protestant Theology in the 19th Century (on Blackboard).

Week 13 IV. 20th Century: Post 1960s Developments Paul Tillich (d. 1965) and (d, 1976) Required Reading: Paul Tillich (d. 1965), “What is Wrong with the “Dialectic” Theology?” (1935) (on Blackboard); Bultmann, “New Testament and Mythology” (1941) (on Blackboard). Recommended: “The Recovery of the Prophetic Tradition in the Reformation” (1950), from Hauptwerke: Theologische Schriften (1992), Band VI (on Blackboard).

Week 14 Ecumenism, God-is-Dead Theology, Black Liberation and Feminist , Ecological of Environmental Theologies, Resurgent American Fundamentalism Black Liberation Theology: James Cone (b. 1936, age 81) Required Reading: Dillenberger & Welch, 273-279; 295-342; Diana Hayes, “James Cone’s Hermeneutics of Language and Black Theology” (2000). Recommended: Rufus Burrow, Jr., “James Cone: Father of Contemporary Black Theology” (1993).

Week 15 Feminist Liberation Theology: Rosemary Ruether (b. 1936, age 81) Required Reading: Rosemary Ruether, “Feminist Theology: Methodology, Sources, and Norms,” from Sexism and God-Talk (1983).

Week 16 FINAL EXAM POSTED

SELECT BIBLIOGRAPHY FOR THE STUDY OF PROTESTANTISM

Van Harvey, The Historian and the Believer. Edward Farley, Ecclesial Reflection. Peter Hodgson, The Formation of Historical Theology: A Study of . Otto Pfleiderer, The Development of Theology in Germany Since Kant. E. C. Moore, An Outline of the History of Christian Thought Since Kant. A. C. McGiffert, Protestant Thought Before Kant. Langdon Gilkey, Naming the Whirlwind. Robert Mcaffie Brown, The of Protestantism. William Hordern, A Layman’s Guide to Protestant Theology. George W. Forell, The Protestant . , Heritage of the Reformation. Claude Welch, Protestant Thought in the 19th Century (2 volumes). C. Stephen Evans, The Historical Christ and the of Faith (specially, 1-46; 184-202; 302-355). Reinhold Seeberg, Textbook of the History of Doctrine. Philip Schaff, Creeds of Christendom. Philip Schaff, The Spirit of Protestantism. William Stacy Johnson & John H. Leith, Reformed Reader: 1519-1799, Volume 1. George Stroup, Reformed Reader: 1799-Present, Volume 2. B. J. Kidd, Documents of the Continental Reformation. Williston Walker, A History of the Christian Church. Paul Althaus, The Theology of Luther. Martin Brecht, Martin Luther, 3 Volumes.

Roland H. Bainton, Here I Stand: A Life of Martin Luther. Heiko Oberman, Luther. A. M. Hunter, The Teaching of Calvin. Wilhelm Niesel, The Theology of Calvin. Edward A. Dowey, The Knowledge of God in Calvin’s Theology. Horton Harris, David F. Strauss. Horton Harris, The Tubingen School. A. H. Smith, Church and State in the . Justo L. Gonzalez, A History of Christian Thought, Volume III. Williston Walker, A History of the Christian Church. Paul Tillich, The Protestant Era. Paul Tillich, A History of Christian Thought. Paul Tillich, 19th and 20th Century Protestant Theology. Karl Barth, The Theology of Schleiermacher (lectures from the 1920s period). Karl Barth, Theology and the Church (selected essays of the early, pre-1932 Barth). Karl Barth, Protestant Theology in the 19th Century (essays on Tholuck, Hengstenberg, Strauss, Schleiermacher, among many others). Karl Barth, Protestant Thought in the !9th Century (abridged version of the above, with fewer essays). Richard R. Niebuhr, Schleiermacher on Christ and Religion. Richard Brandt, The of Schleiermacher. H. R. McKintosh, Types of Modern Theology (with lengthy essays on Schleiermacher and Barth). George H. Williams, The Radical Reformation. George Marsden, Fundamentalism and American Culture: ... 1870-1925. George Marsden, The Search for Christian America. George Marsden, Understanding Fundamentalism and Evangelicalism. George Marsden, Reforming Fundamentalism. George Marsden, The of the American University. George Marsden, The Outrageous Idea of Christian Scholarship. Anson Stokes & Leo Pfeffer, Church and State in the United States. J. S. Whale, The Protestant Tradition. Karl Adam, The Spirit of Catholicism (strongly anti-Protestant). Harold J. Grimm, The Reformation Era: 1500-1650. A. G. Dickens, Reformation and Society in 16th Century Europe. A. G. Dickens, The English Reformation. A. G. Dickens, The Counter Reformation. A. G. Dickens, The Age of and Reformation: Europe in the 14th, 15th, and 16th Centuries. Henry Bettenson, Documents of the Christian Church. Henry Gee & W. J. Hardy, Documents Illustrative of English Church History. Charlex Maxon, The Great Awakening in the Middle Colonies. Edwin Gaustad, The Great Awakening. Elizabeth Ola Winslow, Jonathan Edwards. Perry Miller, Jonathan Edwards. Peter Gay, The Enlightenment. Walter H. Conser, Jr., Church and Confession. John W. Rogerson, W. M. L. de Wette, Founder of Modern Biblical Criticism. John W. Rogerson, Old Testament Criticism in the 19th Century: England and Germany (invaluable for the rise of historical criticism as it affects the Old Testament). William Baird, History of New Testament Research: From Deism to Tubingen, Volume 1 (same as the above

for the New Testament). Robert M. Bigler, The Politics of German Protestantism. William O. Shanahan, German Protestants Face the Social Question. Walter Bauer, Orthodoxy and Heresy in Earliest Christianity. Bart Erhman, The Orthodox Corruption of Scripture. Gerd Lüdemann, Heretics.

The following encyclopedias are authoritative on all aspects of Protestantism: James Hastings, editor, Encyclopedia of Religion and Ethics. Encyclopaedia Britannica (available online to subscribers). New Schaff-Herzog Encyclopedia of Religious Knowledge (available online free, see below). , editor, The Encyclopedia of Religion.

Cross Reference to English and German editions of Luther’s Works: Vogel, Heinrich J., Vogel's Cross reference and index to the contents of Luther's works : a cross reference between the American edition and the St. Louis, Weimar, and Erlangen editions of Luther's works (Milwaukee, Wis.: Northwestern Pub. House, 1983).

Some Online Resources are given below. The articles by Berger and the Catholic Encyclopedia are important and legtimate, and I assume the same is true of the article by Landow.

“Protestantism,” Catholic Encyclopedia. www.newadvent.org/cathen/12495a.htm

“Examining Protestantism: A Defense of the .” www.shasta.com/sphaws/mainmenu.html

History of Protestantism. By. Dr. J. A. Wylie LL.D., in 3 volumes. Dr.Wylie's Monumental History was first published in 1878. www.reformation.org/wylie2.html

“Protestantism and the Quest for Certainty,” by Peter Berger. www.religion-online.org/cgi-bin/relsearchd.dll/showarticle?item_id=239

The Doctrines of Evangelical Protestantism,” by George P. Landow, Professor, Brown University. http://65.107.211.206/religion/evangel2.html The New Schaff-Herzog Encyclopedia of Religiouis Knowledge. http://www.ccel.org/s/schaff/encyc/encyc13/htm/TOC.htm

Selected Works of Martin Luther. http://www.tparents.org/Library/Religion/Christian/Luther/0-toc.html

Martin Luther Resources http://dmoz.org/Society/Religion_and_Spirituality/Christianity/Church_History/The_Reformatio n/Lutheran_Reformation/Luther,_Martin/Writings/

John Calvin Resources There are numerous “Reformed Theology” sites on the internet which have uploaded a significant number of Calvin’s works, including the Institutes of the Christian Religion and freely available to the student.