DOCSLIB.ORG

3.5 Rare Species, Species of Concern

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

Braya linearis. Photo: Mora Aronsson 3.5 RARE SPECIES, SPECIES OF CONCERN As elsewhere in the world, the Arctic is home to species that are threatened DQGRIFRQVHUYDWLRQFRQFHUQ:KLOHRQO\LGHQWLࡼHGDVD)(&IRUSODQWVDQG fungi, they have been assessed within other taxonomic groups as well, depending on data, and are presented here when applicable. The IUCN sets a global standard for assessing and classifying threatened species and the ,8&15HG/LVWRI7KUHDWHQHG6SHFLHV (Red List) is the most comprehensive information source on species status and extinction risk. Nevertheless, although more than 120,000 species have been assessed to Lead Author: Mora Aronsson, date (IUCN 2020a), there are many species, including many that live in the Arctic, that have not been assessed globally, and no regional assessment for Contributing authors: the Arctic as a whole has been produced. Bruce Bennett, Casey T. Burns, Starri Heiðmarsson and Mikhail Species under threat are found throughout the Arctic; however, the collection Soloviev. of data and production of lists is not standardised across countries and regions. Most countries have species lists that follow the IUCN regional guidelines for application of the Red List criteria (IUCN 2012b), but most are not comprehensive nor are they completely consistent in the application of the FULWHULDPDNLQJFRPSDULVRQVRUVXPPDULHVGLࡺFXOW7KHDPRXQWRIGDWDLVDOVR GLಀHULQJEHWZHHQGLಀHUHQWJURXSVZLWKPXFKPRUHUHOHYDQWGDWDFROOHFWHG for mammals and birds compared to invertebrates and fungi. As of 2020, Red Lists for three regions completely within the CAFF boundary are available for Greenland, Iceland, and Svalbard. There are also regularly updated Red Lists for Norway, Sweden and Finland that include species occurring within the CAFF boundary. Russia has Red Data Books, using criteria similar to IUCN, 88 2021 | STATE OF THE ARCTIC TERRESTRIAL BIODIVERSITY REPORT 3.5.1 GREENLAND, ISLAND AND SVALBARD for regions that include parts of the Arctic. Both Canada Red Lists from the Nordic states, including Greenland, and the U.S. have systems that assess species based on the are based on the IUCN criteria (IUCN 2012a, 2012b). The IUCN criteria at the national and regional levels. They also latest Red List for Svalbard was published in 2015 as part have separate lists of species protected under legislation of the Norwegian Red List (Henriksen & Hilmo 2015), the that do not necessarily include all species on the Red Lists. most recent for Iceland was published in 2018 (Icelandic Institute of Natural History 2018a, 2018b, 2018c) and the In this chapter only species that are related to the latest for Greenland in 2018 (Boertmann & Bay 2018). terrestrial CBMP-plan are taken into concern, freshwater 7KHUH DUH VRPH GLಀHUHQFHV LQ WKH FRYHUDJH RI JURXSV and marine species are omitted. of organisms between the lists, but they are all more or less complete assessments for the groups they do cover. On the global scale, concerning the Arctic, there are only All three Red Lists cover mammals, birds, and vascular assessments made by IUCN on mammals and birds. The plants. The Red List from Greenland also includes only mammal under the CBMP–Terrestrial Plan that VRPH IHZ EXWWHUࡽLHV 7DEOH DQG 7DEOH 7KH meets any Red List criteria is caribou/reindeer Rangifer caribou/reindeer in east Greenland (Rangifer tarandus tarandus, which is considered Vulnerable (VU). All other eogroenlandicus) was last seen in 1899 and is probably assessed mammals are considered Least Concern (LC). Extinct (EX) due to some very harsh winters. The Regionally Extinct (RE) species from Greenland are: the Among the birds listed in Table 3-2 (88 species), 10 species vascular plant Melancholy Thistle (Cirsium helenioides) fall within the ‘threatened’ IUCN Red List categories (IUCN a marginal population of a common northwest European 2012a). These are: Critically Endangered (CR) - spoon- species; two bird species, Barrow's Goldeneye (Bucephala billed sandpiper (Eurynorhynchus pygmeus), siberian islandica) which was always rare in Greenland with crane (*UXVOHXFRJHUDQXV) and eskimo curlew (Numenius unknown reason for disappearance, and Fieldfare borealis) (possibly extinct); Endangered (EN) - great knot (Turdus pilaris), a species on its margin that only (Calidris tenuirostris); and Vulnerable (VU) - lesser white- occurred at southernmost Greenland for 50 years. The fronted goose (Anser erythropus), red-breasted goose Regionally Extinct species from Iceland are: the vascular (%UDQWD UXȴFROOLV), snowy owl (Bubo scandiacus), long- plant Greenland Primrose (Primula egaliksensis) tailed duck (Clangula hyemalis), bristle-thighed curlew known from one site, an outlier of the North American (Numenius tahitiensis) and steller's eider (Polysticta distribution with unknown reason for disappearance; stelleri). An additional nine species are considered Near and two birds, House Sparrow (Passer domesticus) and Threatened (NT) — red knot (although some subspecies Water Rail (Rallus aquaticus), the latter being threatened are Threatened), curlew sandpiper (Calidris ferruginea), by drainage of wetlands and introduction of the invasive semipalmated sandpiper (Calidris pusilla), red-necked stint American mink. No species is known to have become (&DOLGULVUXȴFROOLV), emperor goose (Anser (Chen) canagica), Regionally Extinct (RE) in Svalbard to date. yellow-billed loon (*DYLD DGDPVLL), bar-tailed godwit (/LPRVD ODSSRQLFD), spectacled eider (6RPDWHULD ȴVFKHUL) Future climate change is the most frequently reported DQG EXಀEUHDVWHG VDQGSLSHU 7U\QJLWHV VXEUXȴFROOLV) threat on the Red Lists from all three areas, with various (IUCN, 2020b), see also Chapter 3.3.2.4 and Table 3-2. GLಀHUHQWHಀHFWV 7DEOH1XPEHURIVSHFLHVRQ5HG/LVWVLQ*UHHQODQG ,FHODQG DQG6YDOEDUG E\,8&1FDWHJRU\ REGIONAL CRITICALLY NEAR DATA ENDANGERED VULNERABLE TOTAL EXTINCT ENDANGERED THREATENED DEFICIENT Greenland 4 0 1 57 36 9 107 Iceland39 124415891 Svalbard 0 9 19 17 40 0 85 7DEOH1XPEHURIVSHFLHVRQ5HG/LVWVLQ*UHHQODQG ,FHODQG DQG6YDOEDUG E\WD[RQRPLFJURXS VASCULAR MAMMALS BIRDS LICHENS ARTHROPODS TOTAL PLANTS Greenland 3 14 89 - 1 107 Iceland 0 30 61 - - 91 Svalbard 0 8 60 17 0 85 STATE OF THE ARCTIC TERRESTRIAL BIODIVERSITY REPORT | 2021 89 3.5.2 FINLAND, SWEDEN, AND MAINLAND NORWAY Norway (mainland), Sweden and Finland regularly similar number of known species in the three groups. SURGXFH5HG/LVWVXSGDWHGDWࡼYHWRWHQ\HDUVLQWHUYDOV The main threats reported are primary and secondary (last editions: Norway, Henriksen & Hilmo 2015; Sweden, HಀHFWV IURP FOLPDWH FKDQJH RYHUJURZWK FKDQJLQJ SLU Artdatabanken 2020; and Finland, Hyvärinen vegetation and disappearing snow patches. Some et al. 2019). Table 3-9 and Table 3-10 show the Red- species are also impacted by overgrazing by reindeer. listed species from these countries whose distributions include the sub-Arctic part of the CAFF area (species Four species are listed as Regionally Extinct (RE) in with distribution only in the boreal forest part of the )LQODQGȃWZR PRWK VSHFLHV Catastia kistrandella and CAFF area are not included). Anarta farnhami; a hemipteran bug, 3VDPPRWHWWL[ frigidus; and the wild subspecies of reindeer (Rangifer .QRZOHGJH GLಀHUV EHWZHHQ WKH WKUHH VWDWHV UHJDUGLQJ tarandus tarandus). The wild subspecies of reindeer bryophytes, lichens, and invertebrates in the alpine LV DOVR FODVVLࡼHG DV 5HJLRQDOO\ ([WLQFW 5( LQ 6ZHGHQ environment. Finland and Sweden have many more The cause of regional extinction of wild reindeer Red-listed bryophytes than Norway and Finland has was hunting. The cause of the disappearance of the many more Red-listed lichens and invertebrates than arthropods is unknown. Sweden and Norway, even though the three states have 7DEOH1XPEHURIVSHFLHVRQUHJLRQDO5HG/LVWVZLWKLQWKH&$))ERXQGDU\LQ)LQODQG 6ZHGHQ DQG1RUZD\ E\,8&1VWDWXVFDWHJRU\ REGIONALLY CRITICALLY NEAR DATA ENDANGERED VULNERABLE TOTAL EXTINCT ENDANGERED THREATENED DEFICIENT Norway 0 4 37 36 63 0 140 Sweden 1 4 25 84 98 26 238 Finland 4 85 145 174 251 99 758 7DEOH1XPEHURIVSHFLHVRQUHJLRQDO5HG/LVWVZLWKLQWKH&$))ERXQGDU\LQ)LQODQG 6ZHGHQ DQG1RUZD\ E\WD[RQRPLFJURXS VASCULAR MAMMALS BIRDS ARTHROPODS MOLLUSCS BRYOPHYTES LICHENS FUNGI TOTAL PLANTS Norway 3 13 19 0 59 38 4 4 549 Sweden 3 14 65 1 40 110 4 1 241 Finland 5 26 190 0 77 178 267 15 143 3.5.3 RUSSIA Russia has both national and regional Red Data books. 5HJLRQDOO\([WLQFW 7KHVHDUHࡼYHYDVFXODUSODQWVRQWKH Nine of the regions include portions of CAFF area. Red HGJHRIWKHLUUDQJHVȃ0RXQWDLQ.LGQH\9HWFK Anthyllis Data books for these regions have been published since vulneraria subsp. lapponica) and Alpine Chamorchis 2000 and the criteria used have evolved to be consistent (Chamorchis alpina) from Murmansk Region, narrow- ZLWK WKH ,8&1 FULWHULD 7KH PDLQ GLಀHUHQFH EHWZHHQ leaved marsh orchid ('DFW\ORUKL]DODSSRQLFD) and Pale the Russian and current IUCN criteria is the inclusion Gentian (*HQWLDQHOOD DXUHD) from Nenets Okrug and of a naturally rare species category. Most species listed silver cloak fern (Aleuritopsis argentea) from Sakha in Russia are listed in this category. There is also a Republic; one beetle from Sakha Republic (Carabus UHJLRQDOGLಀHUHQFHLQWKHJURXSVRIRUJDQLVPVWKDWDUH cancellatus) – also on the edge of its range; and two DVVHVVHG PDLQO\ GXH WR GLಀHUHQW H[SHUW DYDLODELOLW\ ELUGVȃ6LEHULDQ&UDQH *UXVOHXFRJHUDQXV) in Nenets More information on the Russian categories and criteria Okrug and Swan Goose (Anser cygnoides) in Kamchatka can be found in references listed in Table 3-11. Krai. Both birds are on the global Red List; the Siberian Crane as Critically
Recommended publications
  • Polystichum Aleuticum) Field Survey at Atka Island, Alaska

    Polystichum Aleuticum) Field Survey at Atka Island, Alaska

    U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service INTRA-SERVICE BIOLOGICAL OPINION For 2016 Aleutian Shield Fern (Polystichum aleuticum) Field Survey at Atka Island, Alaska To the Anchorage Fish and Wildlife Field Office Prepared by: Fairbanks Fish and Wildlife Field Office Anchorage, Alaska July 25, 2016 Table of Contents 1. Introduction ............................................................................................................................1 2. Description of the Proposed Action .......................................................................................1 Project Overview ...........................................................................................................1 Minimization Measures .................................................................................................3 Action Area ....................................................................................................................3 5. Status of the Species ..............................................................................................................4 6. Environmental Baseline .........................................................................................................6 7. Effects of the Action on Listed Species .................................................................................7 8. Cumulative Effects .................................................................................................................7 9. Conclusion .............................................................................................................................8
  • Waterfowl of North America, Revised Edition (2010) Papers in the Biological Sciences

    Waterfowl of North America, Revised Edition (2010) Papers in the Biological Sciences

    University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln Waterfowl of North America, Revised Edition (2010) Papers in the Biological Sciences 2010 Waterfowl of North America: Waterfowl Distributions and Migrations in North America Paul A. Johnsgard University of Nebraska-Lincoln, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/biosciwaterfowlna Part of the Ornithology Commons Johnsgard, Paul A., "Waterfowl of North America: Waterfowl Distributions and Migrations in North America" (2010). Waterfowl of North America, Revised Edition (2010). 5. https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/biosciwaterfowlna/5 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Papers in the Biological Sciences at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in Waterfowl of North America, Revised Edition (2010) by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. Waterfowl Distributions and Migrations in North America The species of waterfowl breeding in North America have distribution patterns that collectively reflect the past geologic and ecological histories of this continent. In general, our waterfowl species may be grouped into those that are limited (endemic) to North America, those that are shared between North and South America, and those that are shared with Europe and/or Asia. Of the forty-four species known to breed in continental North America, the resulting grouping of breeding distributions is as follows: Limited to North America: Snow goose (also on Greenland and Wrangel Island) , Ross goose, Canada goose (also on Greenland), wood duck, Amer­ ican wigeon, black duck, blue-winged teal, redhead, canvasback, ring­ necked duck, lesser scaup, Labrador duck (extinct), surf scoter, bufflehead, hooded merganser.
  • WO 2016/061206 Al 21 April 2016 (21.04.2016) P O P C T

    WO 2016/061206 Al 21 April 2016 (21.04.2016) P O P C T

    (12) INTERNATIONAL APPLICATION PUBLISHED UNDER THE PATENT COOPERATION TREATY (PCT) (19) World Intellectual Property Organization International Bureau (10) International Publication Number (43) International Publication Date WO 2016/061206 Al 21 April 2016 (21.04.2016) P O P C T (51) International Patent Classification: (74) Agent: BAUER, Christopher; PIONEER HI-BRED IN C12N 15/82 (2006.01) A01N 65/00 (2009.01) TERNATIONAL, INC., 7100 N.W. 62nd Avenue, John C07K 14/415 (2006.01) ston, Iowa 5013 1-1014 (US). (21) International Application Number: (81) Designated States (unless otherwise indicated, for every PCT/US2015/055502 kind of national protection available): AE, AG, AL, AM, AO, AT, AU, AZ, BA, BB, BG, BH, BN, BR, BW, BY, (22) Date: International Filing BZ, CA, CH, CL, CN, CO, CR, CU, CZ, DE, DK, DM, 14 October 2015 (14.10.201 5) DO, DZ, EC, EE, EG, ES, FI, GB, GD, GE, GH, GM, GT, (25) Filing Language: English HN, HR, HU, ID, IL, IN, IR, IS, JP, KE, KG, KN, KP, KR, KZ, LA, LC, LK, LR, LS, LU, LY, MA, MD, ME, MG, (26) Publication Language: English MK, MN, MW, MX, MY, MZ, NA, NG, NI, NO, NZ, OM, (30) Priority Data: PA, PE, PG, PH, PL, PT, QA, RO, RS, RU, RW, SA, SC, 62/064,810 16 October 20 14 ( 16.10.20 14) US SD, SE, SG, SK, SL, SM, ST, SV, SY, TH, TJ, TM, TN, TR, TT, TZ, UA, UG, US, UZ, VC, VN, ZA, ZM, ZW. (71) Applicants: PIONEER HI-BRED INTERNATIONAL, INC. [US/US]; 7100 N.W.
  • Wild Geese in Captivity by Bob Elgas Big Timber, Montana

    Wild Geese in Captivity by Bob Elgas Big Timber, Montana

    Wild Geese in Captivity by Bob Elgas Big Timber, Montana Man has always been fascinated by, Wild geese were frequently depicted exists, and wild geese have become and has had a close association with, on ancient structures. Indeed, the increasingly popular with avicul­ wild geese. As a result of their ten- Swan goose of China, and the Greylag turists. dency to vocalize an objection to of Europe were domesticated eons Throughout the world there are nocturnal disturbances, the early ago, long before the dawn of written some 15 species of wild geese, with Romans utilized them as watchdogs.. history. Even today the fascination numerous sub-species, all of which are native to the northern hemi­ sphere. Interestingly, there are no true geese in the southern hemisphere. South America is represented by a specialized group known as sheld­ geese, while Africa and Australia are represented by a number of birds with goose-like characteristics. Sheld­ geese are actually modified ducks which, through the evolutionary process, have assumed goose-like similarities. One of the more obvious differences is the dimorphism of sexes characterized by sheldgeese ­ males being of completely different plumage than females. In true geese, both sexes are alike. Although the birds from the southern hemisphere are interesting in their own right, the differences are so great that they can­ not be classified with the true geese. The geese of the northern hemi­ sphere are divided into two groups ­ the genus Anset; which is representa­ tive of the true geese, and the genus A representative ofthe genus Anser is thispair ofEmperorgeese (Anser canagicus).
  • Spectacled Eiders He Spectacled Eider Is Truly a Breed Apart

    Spectacled Eiders He Spectacled Eider Is Truly a Breed Apart

    WILDLIFE AND GLOBAL WARMING Navigating the Arctic Meltdown © GARY KRAMER/GARY KRAMER.NET SPECTACLED EIDERS he spectacled eider is truly a breed apart. A diving duck named for its distinctively T“spectacled” appearance, the eider spends much of the year in places so remote that its wintering grounds were only discovered in 1999, with the help of space-age satellite tracking. With its American population decimated by poisoning from ingesting lead shot, the eider was listed as a threatened species in 1993. Now global warming poses an additional peril to this unique bird, with the potential to alter both the eiders’ breeding and wintering habitats. A Rare Bird Pacific; more nutrients are flushed into the shallow seas by The spectacled eider is a medium-sized sea duck, slightly Alaska’s great river systems. These nutrients nourish algae smaller than a mallard, but with a stockier appearance. and microscopic plants called phytoplankton, which grow Males have a white back, a black breast and belly, a thick in huge numbers in the shallow waters. Algae are then orange bill and a green head, offset by large white eye eaten by tiny animals called zooplankton, which in turn patches bordered in black—the characteristic “spectacles” serve as food for larger animals. Particles of food, dead that give the bird its name. The female is a drab, speckled algae and nutrients “rain” down onto the sea floor, feeding brown, with less distinct tan spectacles. a huge array of clams, crustaceans and marine worms Each winter, the world’s entire population of spectacled throughout the year.
  • Atlas of Rare Endemic Vascular Plants of the Arctic

    Atlas of Rare Endemic Vascular Plants of the Arctic

    Atlas of Rare Endemic Vascular Plants of the Arctic Technical Report No. 3 About CAFF Theprogram for the Conservation of Arctic Flora and Fauna (CAFF) of the Arctic Council was established lo address the special needs of Arctic ecosystems, species and thcir habitats in the rapid ly developing Arctic region. Itwas initiated as one of'four programs of the Arctic Environmental Protcction Strategy (AEPS) which was adopted by Canada, Denmark/Greenland, Finland, lceland, Norway, Russia, Swcdcn and the United States through a Ministeria! Declaration at Rovaniemi, Finland in 1991. Other programs initi­ ated under the AEPS and overlaken hy the Are.tie Council are the ArcticMonitoring and assessment Programme (AMAP), the program for Emergency Prevention, Preparcd­ ness and Response (EPPR) and the program for Protection of the Arctic Marine Envi­ ronment (PAME). Sinceits inaugural mccti.ng in Ottawa, Canada in 1992, the CAFF program has provided scientists, conscrvation managers and groups, and indigenous people of the north with a distinct forum in which lo tackle a wide range of Arctic conservation issues at the cir­ cumpolar level. CAFF's main goals, which are achieved in keeping with the concepts of sustainable developrnertt and utilisation, are: • to conserve Arctic Jlora and fauna, thcir diversity and thcir habitats; • to protect the Arctic ecosystems from threats; • to improve conservation management laws, reg ulations and practices for the Arclic; • to integrale Arctic interests into global conservation fora. CAFF operates rhrough a system of Designated Agencies and National Representatives responsible for CAFF in thcir rcspcctivc countries. CAFF also has an International Work­ ing Group wh.ith has met annually to assess progrcss and to develop Annual WorkPlans.
  • Iucn Red Data List Information on Species Listed On, and Covered by Cms Appendices

    Iucn Red Data List Information on Species Listed On, and Covered by Cms Appendices

    UNEP/CMS/ScC-SC4/Doc.8/Rev.1/Annex 1 ANNEX 1 IUCN RED DATA LIST INFORMATION ON SPECIES LISTED ON, AND COVERED BY CMS APPENDICES Content General Information ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 2 Species in Appendix I ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 3 Mammalia ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 4 Aves ...................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 7 Reptilia ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 12 Pisces .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
  • Sea Duck Curriculum Revised

    Sea Duck Curriculum Revised

    Sea Ducks of Alaska Activity Guide Acknowledgments Contact Information: Project Coordinator: Marilyn Sigman, Center for Alaskan Coastal Studies Education: Written By: Sea Duck Activity Guide, Teaching Kit and Display: Elizabeth Trowbridge, Center for Alaskan Coastal Marilyn Sigman Center for Alaskan Coastal Studies Studies P.O. Box 2225 Homer, AK 99603 Illustrations by: (907) 235-6667 Bill Kitzmiller, Conrad Field and Fineline Graphics [email protected] (Alaska Wildlife Curriculum Illustrations), Elizabeth Alaska Wildlife Curricula Trowbridge Robin Dublin Wildlife Education Coordinator Reviewers: Alaska Dept. of Fish & Game Marilyn Sigman, Bree Murphy, Lisa Ellington, Tim Division of Wildlife Conservation Bowman, Tom Rothe 333 Raspberry Rd. Anchorage, AK 99518-1599 (907)267-2168 Funded By: [email protected] U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Alaska Coastal Program and Scientific/technical Information: The Alaska Department of Fish and Game, State Duck Tim Bowman Stamp Program Sea Duck Joint Venture Coordinator (Pacific) The Center for Alaskan Coastal Studies would like to thank U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service the following people for their time and commitment to sea 1011 E. Tudor Rd. duck education: Tim Bowman, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Anchorage, AK 99503 Service, Sea Duck Joint Venture Project, for providing (907) 786-3569 background technical information, photographs and [email protected] support for this activity guide and the sea duck traveling SEADUCKJV.ORG display; Tom Rothe and Dan Rosenberg of the Alaska Department of Fish and Game for technical information, Tom Rothe presentations and photographs for both the sea duck Waterfowl Coordinator traveling display and the activity guide species identifica- Alaska Dept. of Fish & Game tion cards; John DeLapp, U.S.
  • TESTING a MODEL THAT PREDICTS FUTURE BIRD LIST TOTALS by Robert W. Ricci Introduction One of the More Enjoyable Features of Bird

    TESTING a MODEL THAT PREDICTS FUTURE BIRD LIST TOTALS by Robert W. Ricci Introduction One of the More Enjoyable Features of Bird

    TESTING A MODEL THAT PREDICTS FUTURE BIRD LIST TOTALS by Robert W. Ricci Introduction One of the more enjoyable features of birding as a hobby is in keeping bird lists. Certainly getting into the habit of carefully recording our own personal birding experiences paves the way to a better understanding of the birds around us and prepares our minds for that chance encounter with a vagrant. In addition to our own field experiences, we advance our understanding of bird life through our reading and fraternization with other birders. One of the most useful ways we can communicate is by sharing our bird lists in Christmas Bird Counts (CBC), breeding bird surveys, and in the monthly compilation of field records as found, for example, in this journal. As important as our personal observation might be, however, it is only in the analysis of the cumulative experiences of many birders that trends emerge that can provide the substance to answer important questions such as the causes of vagrancy in birds (Veit 1989), changes in bird populations (Davis 1991), and bird migration patterns (Roberts 1995). Most birders, at one time or another, have speculated about what new avian milestones they will overtake in the future. For example, an article in this journal (Forster 1990) recorded the predictions of several birding gurus on which birds might be likely candidates as the next vagrants to add to the Massachusetts Avian Records Committee roster of 451 birds. Just as important as predictions of which birds might appear during your field activities are predictions of the total number of birds that you might expect to encounter.
  • Resemblances and Disparities of Two Biotas Ziwei Zhang

    Resemblances and Disparities of Two Biotas Ziwei Zhang

    Resemblances and Disparities of two Biotas A Comparison Study of Vascular Plant Biodiversity of two Locations in Uppsala and Beijing Ziwei Zhang Degree project in biology, Bachelor of science, 2013 Examensarbete i biologi 15 hp till kandidatexamen, 2013 Institutionen för biologisk grundutbildning och Avd för växtekologi och evolution, Uppsala universitet Handledare: Håkan Rydin Abstract This paper focuses on the flora distribution and difference in biodiversities of two chosen locations in Uppsala and Beijing, through inventorial and analytic methods. The factors that may cause the difference were also discussed from theoretical perspectives. Inventories of vascular plant species were carried out in two locations of the two cities. The collected species data were then grouped into families as well as life forms; and were compared with each other as well as with the statistics from the entire species pool in the chosen city. Both resemblances and disparities were found. The statistical analyses with Minitab supported the hypotheses that the floral compositions of these two locations differ to a great extent. Various factors such as climate, grazing, human impacts, historical reasons, precipitation, humidity and evolution, can account for the disparities. 2 Contents ABSTRACT ............................................................................................................................................................ 2 1. INTRODUCTION .............................................................................................................................................
  • The Potential Breeding Range of Slender-Billed Curlew Numenius Tenuirostris Identified from Stable-Isotope Analysis

    The Potential Breeding Range of Slender-Billed Curlew Numenius Tenuirostris Identified from Stable-Isotope Analysis

    Bird Conservation International (2016) 0 : 1 – 10 . © BirdLife International, 2016 doi:10.1017/S0959270916000551 The potential breeding range of Slender-billed Curlew Numenius tenuirostris identified from stable-isotope analysis GRAEME M. BUCHANAN , ALEXANDER L. BOND , NICOLA J. CROCKFORD , JOHANNES KAMP , JAMES W. PEARCE-HIGGINS and GEOFF M. HILTON Summary The breeding areas of the Critically Endangered Slender-billed Curlew Numenius tenuirostris are all but unknown, with the only well-substantiated breeding records being from the Omsk prov- ince, western Siberia. The identification of any remaining breeding population is of the highest priority for the conservation of any remnant population. If it is extinct, the reliable identification of former breeding sites may help determine the causes of the species’ decline, in order to learn wider conservation lessons. We used stable isotope values in feather samples from juvenile Slender-billed Curlews to identify potential breeding areas. Modelled precipitation δ 2 H data were compared to feather samples of surrogate species from within the potential breeding range, to produce a calibration equation. Application of this calibration to samples from 35 Slender-billed Curlew museum skins suggested they could have originated from the steppes of northern Kazakhstan and part of southern Russia between 48°N and 56°N. The core of this area was around 50°N, some way to the south of the confirmed nesting sites in the forest steppes. Surveys for the species might be better targeted at the Kazakh steppes, rather than around the historically recog- nised nest sites of southern Russia which might have been atypical for the species. We consider whether agricultural expansion in this area may have contributed to declines of the Slender-billed Curlew population.
  • SHOREBIRDS (Charadriiformes*) CARE MANUAL *Does Not Include Alcidae

    SHOREBIRDS (Charadriiformes*) CARE MANUAL *Does Not Include Alcidae

    SHOREBIRDS (Charadriiformes*) CARE MANUAL *Does not include Alcidae CREATED BY AZA CHARADRIIFORMES TAXON ADVISORY GROUP IN ASSOCIATION WITH AZA ANIMAL WELFARE COMMITTEE Shorebirds (Charadriiformes) Care Manual Shorebirds (Charadriiformes) Care Manual Published by the Association of Zoos and Aquariums in association with the AZA Animal Welfare Committee Formal Citation: AZA Charadriiformes Taxon Advisory Group. (2014). Shorebirds (Charadriiformes) Care Manual. Silver Spring, MD: Association of Zoos and Aquariums. Original Completion Date: October 2013 Authors and Significant Contributors: Aimee Greenebaum: AZA Charadriiformes TAG Vice Chair, Monterey Bay Aquarium, USA Alex Waier: Milwaukee County Zoo, USA Carol Hendrickson: Birmingham Zoo, USA Cindy Pinger: AZA Charadriiformes TAG Chair, Birmingham Zoo, USA CJ McCarty: Oregon Coast Aquarium, USA Heidi Cline: Alaska SeaLife Center, USA Jamie Ries: Central Park Zoo, USA Joe Barkowski: Sedgwick County Zoo, USA Kim Wanders: Monterey Bay Aquarium, USA Mary Carlson: Charadriiformes Program Advisor, Seattle Aquarium, USA Sara Perry: Seattle Aquarium, USA Sara Crook-Martin: Buttonwood Park Zoo, USA Shana R. Lavin, Ph.D.,Wildlife Nutrition Fellow University of Florida, Dept. of Animal Sciences , Walt Disney World Animal Programs Dr. Stephanie McCain: AZA Charadriiformes TAG Veterinarian Advisor, DVM, Birmingham Zoo, USA Phil King: Assiniboine Park Zoo, Canada Reviewers: Dr. Mike Murray (Monterey Bay Aquarium, USA) John C. Anderson (Seattle Aquarium volunteer) Kristina Neuman (Point Blue Conservation Science) Sarah Saunders (Conservation Biology Graduate Program,University of Minnesota) AZA Staff Editors: Maya Seaman, MS, Animal Care Manual Editing Consultant Candice Dorsey, PhD, Director of Animal Programs Debborah Luke, PhD, Vice President, Conservation & Science Cover Photo Credits: Jeff Pribble Disclaimer: This manual presents a compilation of knowledge provided by recognized animal experts based on the current science, practice, and technology of animal management.