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International Journal of Universal Pharmacy and Bio 136 | P a g e International Standard Serial Number (ISSN): 2319-8141 International Journal of Universal Pharmacy and Bio Sciences 4(6): November-December 2015 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF UNIVERSAL PHARMACY AND BIO SCIENCES IMPACT FACTOR 2.093*** ICV 5.13*** Pharmaceutical Sciences REVIEW ARTICLE …………!!! “HIPPOPHAE GYANTSENSIS: A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW” Gill N.S*, Kaushar Anmol,Kaur Manpreet Rayat Institute of Pharmacy, Railmajra, SBS Nagar, Punjab, India. KEYWORDS: ABSTRACT H.gyantensis, Anticancer, H. gyantsensis is commonly known as sea buckthorn belonging to Anti-inflammation, Anti family Elaeagnaceae. Their species are found in china, Europe, diabetic, Antimicrobial, Mongolia and Canada. This plant is used to treat different type of Antifungal. diseases. This plant contains flavanoids, vitamin c, fructose, glucose, For Correspondence: Gill N.S.* carotenoids and sterols. It has been reported that H. gyantsensis and Address: their species shows anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antihyper Rayat Institute of lipidemic, immune modulator, anti diarrhoeal, anti diabetes and Pharmacy, Railmajra, anthelmintic activities. The present study about H. gyantsensis reveals SBS Nagar, Punjab, up to date information of phytochemistry and pharmacological India. activity. Full Text Available On www.ijupbs.com 137 | P a g e International Standard Serial Number (ISSN): 2319-8141 INTRODUCTION: H. gyantsensis is fugacious shrubs in the family Elaeagnaceae, Tree growing to 15m. Its flowering month is "April" and in Sep-Oct the seeds are ripened. The male and female flowers are grown in separate tree. It is not self-fertile. The suitable conditions for this plant is, light(sandy, medium(loamy) and heavy(clay).It is suitable for the pH is acid, neutral, basic(alkaline).It can grow in the open area and sunlight is required. Mostly dry moist and wet moist soil is also required and this plant can tolerates the strong wind also [1].The fruit has been used as raw or cooked [2,3].Vitamin C is presents in rich amount. Sometimes its Lemon- like flavours [4]. The other use of H. gyantsensis, wood is used as fuel[5] and preservatives [6, 7]. When the fruit is cooked or frost than it will less acid. To avoid confusion of buckthorns using the name "sea buckthorns"(Rhamnus, family Rhamnaceae) [8].Sea buckthorn leaves,berries and seeds have nutritional and medicinal activity [9].It is also referred to as sand thorn,or sea berry [10].Hippophae consist the fruit of sugars, sugar alcohols, fruit acids, vitamins (C, E and K), phenol compounds, carotenoids, fibre, amino acids, minerals and plant sterols. Therefore the fruit have all these constituents, with large amount and have more powerful activity [11].The sea buckthorns are unpleasant and bitter in taste, when it, eat directly the raw material and shows the astringent effect[12].All parts of H.rhamnoids species of H.gyantsensis have been used for all traditional medicines, and bark have been used for treatment of diarrhoea and dermatological disorders. Berry oil has been used for softening of skin. The sea buckthorn medicines(India, china, Tibetan)may affect the gastrointestinal, cardiac, blood and metabolic disorder occur [13].Fructose and glucose are the major sugar content in sea buckthorn, with total sugar content of 2.7-5.3 g/100 ml of juice. Bitterness is due to the presence of "malic acid" and astringent effect is due to the presence of quinic acid. L-quebrachitol is the major sugar alcohol in fruit [14].Vit.c is present in large amount in fruit in the range between 114-1550 per 100gms [15] – Another, fruits contain high concentrations of carotenoids, [16] vitamin E [17] and vitamin K [18].The lycopene is the main carotenoids, The major vitamin E compound is alpha tocopherols.Fruit is also a "sterol "rich component (340– 520 mg/kg), The major sterol compound is beta-sterol constitutes 57-83 % of total sterols [19, 16, 17].Predominating class of phenol compounds is Flavones, whilephenol acids and flavan-3- ols (catechin) as minor components [20].H.gyantensis have another species like H.rhamnoids, H.goniocarpa, H.neurocarpa, H.litangensis, H. Tibetana, H.salicifolia ,which have the pharmacological activities like anti inflammatory [21],anti diabetic [22],anti oxidant and cytoprotective[23,24],anti tumour [25],anti microbial and anti fungal [26,27]. Full Text Available On www.ijupbs.com 138 | P a g e International Standard Serial Number (ISSN): 2319-8141 Taxonomical classification: Kingdom Plantae Phylum Magnoliophyta Class Magnoliopsida Order Rosales Family Elaeagnaceae Genus Hippophae Gyantsensis Geographical area: H.gyantsensis and their species are divided into different geographical areas, grown in United States, One in Nevada and one in Arizona, and in several territories of Canada [28]. More than 90% of the world's natural sea buckthorn habitat found in Europe, China, Mongolia, Russia, Northern Europe and Canada where the plant is used to conserve natural resources like water, soil ,wild life and soil erosion purposes and for consumer products [29]. CANADA MANGOLIA EUROPE GEOGRAPHICAL AREA CHINA Fig-1:-Geographical areas H.gyantsensis PHYTOCHEMISTRY: Hippophae "fruit" contains a sugars, sugar alcohols, fruit acids, vitamins (C, E and K), phenol compounds, carotenoids, fibre, amino acids, minerals and plant sterols .which are used for the various treatments like anti-tumour, anti-microbial,anti-viral ,anti-fungal, anti oxidant and cytoprotective also inhibited the anti inflammatory activity. Hippophae Bark and leaves used for treatment of diarrhoea and dermatological disorders. This plant has "Berry oils" used for the softening of skin topically. It is Chinese and Tibetan medicines may cause the cardiovascular disease, gastrointestinal disorder, blood or metabolic disorder. Full Text Available On www.ijupbs.com 139 | P a g e International Standard Serial Number (ISSN): 2319-8141 Hippophae "seed oil" contains the major amount of the total sterols content and used for the gastro intestinal irritations [30, 31, 11, 13,25- 27]. Vitamin c 200-1500 mg[actual amount 600mg] Vitamin E and K Upto 180 mg Fatty acids 6-11% [3-5% fruit pulp, 8-18% in seeds],fatty acid content vary in sub species Flavanoids 100-1000 mg [0.1% - 1.0%] Table no.1 concentration of active ingredients of sea buckthorns OTHER SPECIES: • H. goniocarpa • H. gyantsensis • H. litangensis • H. neurocarpa • H. rhamnoides • H. salicifolia • H. tibetana LITERATURE SURVAY: Fig.2 Seeds and Fruits of sea buckthorn The study was Illustrated the presence of antihypertensive effect of total flavones extracted from seed residues of H.rhamnoides [32].From the traditional Chinese medicine H.rhamnoids extracted the flavones a glycol, used for the treatment of human anti cancer activity [33].The antioxidant property, immune modulator [34] and anti inflammatory action [35] of the sea buckthorn are extracted from the leaf and fruit extract of H. rhamnoids. PHARMACOLOGY ACTIVITY: The various pharmacological activities of H. gyantensis and other species are discussed below: CANCER,CARDIAC,ANTI-INFLAMMTION: H. gyantsensis: The fragile branches and leaves contain bio-active substances which are used to produce an oil from the fruit. This oil is used as an ointment for the treatment of burns. Full Text Available On www.ijupbs.com 140 | P a g e International Standard Serial Number (ISSN): 2319-8141 Medicinal oil which has the high quality is extract from the fruit and used in the treatment of cardiac disorders, it is also effective when applied to the skin to heal burns, eczema and radiation injury, and when it is taken internally in the treatment of stomach and intestinal diseases. Vitamins and minerals are the source of the fruit, especially in vitamins A, C and E; flavanoids are present in rich amount and other bio-active compounds. It is also a source of essential fatty acids; it is capable of reducing the incidence of cancer and also as a means of reversing the growth of cancers, and berries of the other species such as: H. rhamnoids extracted the berries from the plant also used for the cancer, cardiac and anti-inflammation activity [36]. H. goniocarpa and H. neurocarpa, its leaves and branches are used for the cancer, cardiac activity [37].H. litangensis its leaves and bark are also used for the cardiac, cancer activity [38]. H.Tibetana its leaves are also used for the cancer, cardiac and anti- inflammation activities [39]. Arachidonic acid (Infections, auto immune reactions) nkkkkkkkkkkkkhkhk ACTH Cortical AP-1,NF-kB CRH Interleukins, TNF-a i NOS, Cox-2 DRUG ACTION INFLAMMATION Fig : Illustrating the anti inflammatory effect by H.rahmnoides. (AP-1,NF-Kb) pro inflammatory transcription factor, (iNOS) inducible nitric oxide synthase, (TNF- a)tumour necrosis factor,(CRH) cortical released hormone,(ACTH) adrenocorticotropic hormone. Full Text Available On www.ijupbs.com 141 | P a g e International Standard Serial Number (ISSN): 2319-8141 Another activities of species: H.rhamnoids: CYPROPROTECTIVE AND ANTI-OXIDENT ACTIVITY: This study was describe the cytoprotective activity of flavones of sea buckthorn (H.rhamnoids), against tertiary-butyl hydro peroxide , used as an oxidant which induces the oxidative damages ,which could be attributed to the antioxidant activity. Leaf extract of seabuckthorn (SBT) Possess the cyto protective and antioxidant properties of alcoholic against hypoxia which induced oxidative stress in C-6 glioma cells. ANTIMICROBIAL AND ANTI FUNGAL ACTIVITY: Antimicrobial is the major problem, which needs to quickly action. Therefore, the Hippophae
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