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Seismic Reflection Methods in Offshore Groundwater Research
geosciences Review Seismic Reflection Methods in Offshore Groundwater Research Claudia Bertoni 1,*, Johanna Lofi 2, Aaron Micallef 3,4 and Henning Moe 5 1 Department of Earth Sciences, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3AN, UK 2 Université de Montpellier, CNRS, Université des Antilles, Place E. Bataillon, 34095 Montpellier, France; johanna.lofi@gm.univ-montp2.fr 3 Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research, GEOMAR, 24148 Kiel, Germany; [email protected] 4 Marine Geology & Seafloor Surveying, Department of Geosciences, University of Malta, MSD 2080 Msida, Malta 5 CDM Smith Ireland Ltd., D02 WK10 Dublin, Ireland; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 8 April 2020; Accepted: 26 July 2020; Published: 5 August 2020 Abstract: There is growing evidence that passive margin sediments in offshore settings host large volumes of fresh and brackish water of meteoric origin in submarine sub-surface reservoirs. Marine geophysical methods, in particular seismic reflection data, can help characterize offshore hydrogeological systems and yet the existing global database of industrial basin wide surveys remains untapped in this context. In this paper we highlight the importance of these data in groundwater exploration, by reviewing existing studies that apply physical stratigraphy and morpho-structural interpretation techniques to provide important information on—reservoir (aquifer) properties and architecture, permeability barriers, paleo-continental environments, sea-level changes and shift of coastal facies through time and conduits for water flow. We then evaluate the scientific and applied relevance of such methodology within a holistic workflow for offshore groundwater research. Keywords: submarine groundwater; continental margins; offshore water resources; seismic reflection 1. -
Technical Barriers and R&D Opportunities for Offshore, Sub-Seabed Geologic Storage of Carbon Dioxide
Technical Barriers and R&D Opportunities for Offshore, Sub-Seabed Geologic Storage of Carbon Dioxide Report Prepared for the Carbon Sequestration Leadership Forum (CSLF) Technical Group By the Offshore Storage Technologies Task Force September 14, 2015 1 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This report was prepared by participants in the Offshore Storage Task Force: Mark Ackiewicz (United States, Chair); Katherine Romanak, Susan Hovorka, Ramon Trevino, Rebecca Smyth, Tip Meckel (all from the University of Texas at Austin, United States); Chris Consoli (Global CCS Institute, Australia); Di Zhou (South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China); Tim Dixon, James Craig (IEA Greenhouse Gas R&D Programme); Ryozo Tanaka, Ziqui Xue, Jun Kita (all from RITE, Japan); Henk Pagnier, Maurice Hanegraaf, Philippe Steeghs, Filip Neele, Jens Wollenweber (all from TNO, Netherlands); Philip Ringrose, Gelein Koeijer, Anne-Kari Furre, Frode Uriansrud (all from Statoil, Norway); Mona Molnvik, Sigurd Lovseth (both from SINTEF, Norway); Rolf Pedersen (University of Bergen, Norway); Pål Helge Nøkleby (Aker Solutions, Norway) Brian Allison (DECC, United Kingdom), Jonathan Pearce, Michelle, Bentham (both from the British Geological Survey, United Kingdom), Jeremy Blackford (Plymouth Marine Laboratory, United Kingdom). Each individual and their respective country has provided the necessary resources to enable the development of this work. The task force members would like to thank John Huston of Leonardo Technologies, Inc. (United States), for coordinating and managing the information contained in the report. i EXECUTIVE SUMMARY This report provides an overview of the current technology status, technical barriers, and research and development (R&D) opportunities associated with offshore, sub-seabed geologic storage of carbon dioxide (CO2). -
Geophysics 210 September 2008
Geophysics 210 September 2008 Geophysics 210 - Physics of the Earth A1: What is geophysics Geophysics: Application of physics to understand the structure and working of the Earth. Geophysics can be divided into exploration geophysics and geodynamics. Exploration geophysics is the process of imaging what is inside the Earth. Direct sampling in the Earth with drilling can only reach depths around 10 km so indirect methods are needed. Often used to describe commercial exploration, but includes investigations to depths of the mantle and core. All geophysical methods can be divided into active and passive techniques. In an active technique, it is necessary to generate a signal (e.g. in seismic studies sound waves are generated with an explosion or an earthquake). In a passive technique a naturally occurring signal is detected (e.g. the pull of gravity of a buried object). Geodynamics is the study of how the Earth works, and considers questions such as: -what drives plate motion? -what triggers earthquakes? -how is the Earth’s magnetic field generated? -how do continent-continent collisions build mountains? This field depends heavily on information derived from geophysical imaging. Advances in computer power now allow simulations of these processes in ever increasing detail and realism. A2 : Basic structure of the Earth • Radially symmetric to first order. • Crust – mainly silicate minerals, enriched in lighter elements (Na, Al) • Mantle – silicate minerals with more heavy elements (Fe and Mg) magnesium. Divided into upper and lower mantle (dashed line) • Outer core - liquid iron that convects rapidly. • Inner core – Lump of solid iron roughly the size of the moon • Crust and mantle are defined in terms of their distinct chemical compositions. -
Ten Years of Marine CSEM for Hydrocarbon Exploration
GEOPHYSICS, VOL.75, NO. 5 ͑SEPTEMBER-OCTOBER 2010͒; P.75A67–75A81, 15 FIGS. 10.1190/1.3483451 Ten years of marine CSEM for hydrocarbon exploration Steven Constable1 years of the first survey three contracting companies had been ABSTRACT formed for the express purpose of providing commercial marine CSEM services to the exploration industry. Now, almost 10 years af- Marine controlled-source electromagnetic ͑CSEM͒ sur- ter the Girassol survey, marine CSEM is a broadly used, if not main- veying has been in commercial use for predrill reservoir ap- stream, geophysical technology, with over 500 surveys reportedly praisal and hydrocarbon exploration for 10 years.Although a having been carried out and several custom-built survey vessels in recent decrease has occurred in the number of surveys and operation. The 75th anniversary of GEOPHYSICS and the 10th anni- publications associated with this technique, the method has versary of commercial marine CSEM seem to constitute an appro- become firmly established as an important geophysical tool priate occasion to review the marine CSEM method: where we have in the offshore environment. This is a consequence of two im- been, where we are today, and where we might be going. portant aspects associated with the physics of the method: The aim of this paper is to provide a technical review, which is ac- First, it is sensitive to high electrical resistivity, which, al- cessible to the nonexpert, of the marine CSEM method. However, to though not an unambiguous indicator of hydrocarbons, is an illustrate some of the important issues, original calculations have important property of economically viable reservoirs. -
Modeling for Inversion in Exploration Geophysics A
MODELING FOR INVERSION IN EXPLORATION GEOPHYSICS A Dissertation Presented to The Academic Faculty By Mathias Louboutin In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the School of CSE in the College of Computing Georgia Institute of Technology February 2020 Copyright c Mathias Louboutin 2020 MODELING FOR INVERSION IN EXPLORATION GEOPHYSICS Approved by: Dr. Felix J. Herrmann, Advisor School Computational Science and Engineering Dr. Tobin Isaac Georgia Institute of Technology School of Computer Science Georgia Institute of Technology Dr. Umit Catalyurek School Computational Science and Dr. Zhigang Peng Engineering School of Earth and Atmospheric Georgia Institute of Technology Sciences Georgia Institute of Technology Dr. Edmond Chow School Computational Science and Date Approved: March 1, 2020 Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Before anything else, I would like to thank my supervisor Dr Felix J. Herrmann for giv- ing me the opportunity to work with him. Thanks to his leadership I had the opportunity to work and scientifically challenging problems in a collaborative and motivating atmosphere. I would also like to thank Professor Gerard Gorman at Imperial college. And large part of my research was kick-started by a visit at Imperial College and Dr. Gorman’s support and guidance made me achieve my research objective. I would like to thank Professor Umit Catalyurek, Professor Edmond Chow, Professor Tobin Isaac and Professor Zhigang Peng for agreeing to be on my Ph.D. committee at Georgia Tech, for reviewing my thesis, for making time for my proposal and defense and for your valuable input on my work. I would also like to thank my former Ph.D. -
Results of the Application of Seismic- Reflection And
RESULTS OF THE APPLICATION OF SEISMIC- REFLECTION AND ELECTROMAGNETIC TECHNIQUES FOR NEAR-SURFACE HYDROGEOLOGIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL INVESTIGATIONS AT FORT BRAGG, NORTH CAROLINA ByM.T. Meyer and Jason M. Fine U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Water-Resources Investigations Report 97-4042 Prepared for the Department of the Army Fort Bragg, North Carolina Raleigh, North Carolina 1997 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR BRUCE BABBITT, Secretary U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Gordon P. Eaton, Director The use of firm, trade, and brand names in this report is for identification purposes only and does not constitute endorsement by the U.S. Geological Survey. For additional information write to: Copies of this report can be purchased from: District Chief U.S. Geological Survey U.S. Geological Survey Branch of Information Services 3916 Sunset Ridge Road Box 25286 Raleigh, NC 27607 Denver Federal Center Denver, CO 80225-0286 CONTENTS Page Abstract.................................................................................. 1 Introduction.............................................................................. 2 Background ....................................................................... 3 Purpose and scope ................................................................. 3 Physiographic and geologic settings .................................................. 4 Acknowledgments .............................................................. 6 Surface-geophysical methods ............................................................... 7 Shallow seismic reflection -
2D Seismic Survey in Block AD- 10, Offshore Myanmar
2D Seismic Survey in Block AD- 10, Offshore Myanmar Initial Environmental Examination 02 December 2015 Environmental Resources Management www.erm.com The world’s leading sustainability consultancy 2D Seismic Survey in Block AD-10, Environmental Resources Management Offshore Myanmar ERM-Hong Kong, Limited 16/F, Berkshire House 25 Westlands Road Initial Environmental Examination Quarry Bay Hong Kong Telephone: (852) 2271 3000 Facsimile: (852) 2723 5660 Document Code: 0267094_IEE_Cover_AD10_EN.docx http://www.erm.com Client: Project No: Statoil Myanmar Private Limited 0267094 Summary: Date: 02 December 2015 Approved by: This document presents the Initial Environmental Examination (IEE) for 2D Seismic Survey in Block AD-10, as required under current Draft Environmental Impact Assessment Procedures Craig A. Reid Partner 1 Addressing MOECAF Comments, Final for MOGE RS CAR CAR 02/12/2015 0 Draft Final RS JNG CAR 31/08/2015 Revision Description By Checked Approved Date Distribution Internal Public Confidential CONTENTS 1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 1-1 1.1 PURPOSE AND EXTENT OF THE IEE REPORT 1-1 1.2 SUMMARY OF THE ACTIVITIES UNDERTAKEN DURING THE IEE STUDY 1-2 1.3 PROJECT ALTERNATIVES 1-2 1.4 DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT TO BE AFFECTED BY THE PROJECT 1-4 1.5 SIGNIFICANT ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS 1-5 1.6 THE PUBLIC CONSULTATION AND PARTICIPATION PROCESS 1-6 1.7 SUMMARY OF THE EMP 1-7 1.8 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS OF THE IEE REPORT 1-8 2 INTRODUCTION 2-1 2.1 PROJECT OVERVIEW 2-1 2.2 PROJECT PROPONENT 2-1 2.3 THIS INITIAL ENVIRONMENTAL EVALUATION (IEE) -
A Comparative History of Oil and Gas Markets and Prices: Is 2020 Just an Extreme Cyclical Event Or an Acceleration of the Energy Transition?
April 2020 A Comparative History of Oil and Gas Markets and Prices: is 2020 just an extreme cyclical event or an acceleration of the energy transition? Introduction Natural gas markets have gone through an unprecedented transformation. Demand growth for this relatively clean, plentiful, versatile and now relatively cheap fuel has been increasing faster than for other fossil fuels.1 Historically a `poor relation’ of oil, gas is now taking centre stage. New markets, pricing mechanisms and benchmarks are being developed, and it is only natural to be curious about the direction these developments are taking. The oil industry has had a particularly rich and well recorded history, making it potentially useful for comparison. However, oil and gas are very different fuels and compete in different markets. Their paths of evolution will very much depend on what happens in the markets for energy sources with which they compete. Their history is rich with dominant companies, government intervention and cycles of boom and bust. A common denominator of virtually all energy industries is a tendency towards natural monopoly because they have characteristics that make such monopolies common. 2 Energy projects tend to require multibillion – often tens of billions of - investments with long gestation periods, with assets that can only be used for very specific purposes and usually, for very long-time periods. Natural monopolies are generally resolved either by new entrants breaking their integrated market structures or by government regulation. Historically, both have occurred in oil and gas markets.3 As we shall show, new entrants into the oil market in the 1960s led to increased supply at lower prices, and higher royalties, resulting in the collapse of control by the major oil companies. -
An Introduction to Geophysical Exploration, 3E
An Introduction to Geophysical Exploration Philip Kearey Department of Earth Sciences University of Bristol Michael Brooks Ty Newydd, City Near Cowbridge Vale of Glamorgan Ian Hill Department of Geology University of Leicester THIRD EDITION AN INTRODUCTION TO GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION An Introduction to Geophysical Exploration Philip Kearey Department of Earth Sciences University of Bristol Michael Brooks Ty Newydd, City Near Cowbridge Vale of Glamorgan Ian Hill Department of Geology University of Leicester THIRD EDITION © 2002 by The right of the Authors to be distributors Blackwell Science Ltd identified as the Authors of this Work Marston Book Services Ltd Editorial Offices: has been asserted in accordance PO Box 269 Osney Mead, Oxford OX2 0EL with the Copyright, Designs and Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4YN 25 John Street, London WC1N 2BS Patents Act 1988. (Orders: Tel: 01235 465500 23 Ainslie Place, Edinburgh EH3 6AJ Fax: 01235 465555) 350 Main Street, Malden All rights reserved. No part of MA 02148-5018, USA this publication may be reproduced, The Americas 54 University Street, Carlton stored in a retrieval system, or Blackwell Publishing Victoria 3053,Australia transmitted, in any form or by any c/o AIDC 10, rue Casimir Delavigne means, electronic, mechanical, PO Box 20 75006 Paris, France photocopying, recording or otherwise, 50 Winter Sport Lane except as permitted by the UK Williston,VT 05495-0020 Other Editorial Offices: Copyright, Designs and Patents Act (Orders: Tel: 800 216 2522 Blackwell Wissenschafts-Verlag GmbH 1988, without the prior -
Technical Report 08-05 Skb-Tr-98-05
SE9900011 TECHNICAL REPORT 08-05 SKB-TR-98-05 The Very Deep Hole Concept - Geoscientific appraisal of conditions at great depth C Juhlin1, T Wallroth2, J Smellie3, T Eliasson4, C Ljunggren5, B Leijon3, J Beswick6 1 Christopher Juhlin Consulting 2 Bergab Consulting Geologists 3 ConterraAB 4 Geological Survey of Sweden 5 Vattenfall Hydropower AB 6 EDECO Petroleum Services Ltd June 1998 30- 07 SVENSK KARNBRANSLEHANTERING AB SWEDISH NUCLEAR FUEL AND WASTE MANAGEMENT CO P.O.BOX 5864 S-102 40 STOCKHOLM SWEDEN PHONE +46 8 459 84 00 FAX+46 8 661 57 19 THE VERY DEEP HOLE CONCEPT • GEOSCIENTIFIC APPRAISAL OF CONDITIONS AT GREAT DEPTH CJuhlin1, T Wai froth2, J Smeflie3, TEIiasson4, C Ljunggren5, B Leijon3, J Beswick6 1 Christopher Juhlin Consulting 2 Bergab Consulting Geologists 3 Conterra AB 4 Geological Survey of Sweden 5 Vattenfall Hydropower AB 6 EDECO Petroleum Services Ltd. June 1998 This report concerns a study which was conducted for SKB. The conclusions and viewpoints presented in the report are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily coincide with those of the client. Information on SKB technical reports froml 977-1978 (TR 121), 1979 (TR 79-28), 1980 (TR 80-26), 1981 (TR 81-17), 1982 (TR 82-28), 1983 (TR 83-77), 1984 (TR 85-01), 1985 (TR 85-20), 1986 (TR 86-31), 1987 (TR 87-33), 1988 (TR 88-32), 1989 (TR 89-40), 1990 (TR 90-46), 1991 (TR 91-64), 1992 (TR 92-46), 1993 (TR 93-34), 1994 (TR 94-33), 1995 (TR 95-37) and 1996 (TR 96-25) is available through SKB. -
Geo V18i2 with Covers in Place.Indd
VOL. 18, NO. 2 – 2021 GEOSCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY EXPLAINED GEO EDUCATION Geoscientists for the Energy Transition INDUSTRY ISSUES Gas Flaring EXPLORATION Alaska Anxiously Awaits its Fate GEOPHYSICS Nimble Nodes ENERGY TRANSITION Increasing Energy While Decreasing Carbon geoexpro.com GEOExPro May 2021 1 Previous issues: www.geoexpro.com Contents Vol. 18 No. 2 This issue of GEO ExPro focuses on North GEOSCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY EXPLAINED America; New Technologies and the Future for Geoscientists. 30 West Texas! Land of longhorn cattle, 5 Editorial mesquite, and fiercely independent ranchers. It also happens to be the 6 Regional Update: The Third Growth location of an out-of-the-way desert gem, Big Bend National Park. Gary Prost Phase of the Haynesville Play takes us on a road trip and describes the 8 Licencing Update: PETRONAS geology of this beautiful area. Launches Malaysia Bid Round, 2021 48 10 A Minute to Read The effects of contourite systems on deep water 14 Cover Story: Gas Flaring sediments can be subtle or even cryptic. However, in recent years 20 Seismic Foldout: The Greater Orphan some significant discoveries and Basin the availability of high-quality regional scale seismic data, 26 Energy Transition: Critical Minerals has drawn attention to the from Petroleum Fields frequent presence of contourite dominated bedforms. 30 GEO Tourism: Big Bend Country 34 Energy Transition Update: Increasing Energy While Decreasing Carbon 36 Hot Spot: North America 52 Seismic node systems developed in the past 38 GEO Education: Geoscientists for the decade were not sufficiently compact to efficiently Energy Transition acquire dense seismic in any environment. To answer this challenge, BP, in collaboration 42 Seismic Foldout: Ultra-Long Offsets with Rosneft and Schlumberger, developed a new nimble node system, now being developed Signal a Bright Future for OBN commercially by STRYDE. -
ADUA Azerbaijan 2D-3D Seismic Survey Environmental Impact
Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) for 2D-3D Doc. No. seismic survey in the Ashrafi-Dan Ulduzu-Aypara (ADUA) Exploration area, Azerbaijan Valid from Rev. no. 0 01.03.2019 Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) for 2D-3D seismic survey in the Ashrafi-Dan Ulduzu-Aypara (ADUA) Exploration area, Azerbaijan March 2019 Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) for 2D-3D seismic survey in the Ashrafi-Dan Ulduzu-Aypara (ADUA) Exploration area, Azerbaijan Valid from 01.03.2019 Rev. no. 0 Table of contents Acronyms ...................................................................................................................................................... 10 Executive Summary ...................................................................................................................................... 13 Regulatory Framework .................................................................................................................................... 14 Project Description .......................................................................................................................................... 17 Description of the Environmental and Social Baseline ................................................................................... 18 Impact Assessment and Mitigation ................................................................................................................. 22 Environmental Management Plan ..................................................................................................................