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Geophysics 210 September 2008
Geophysics 210 September 2008 Geophysics 210 - Physics of the Earth A1: What is geophysics Geophysics: Application of physics to understand the structure and working of the Earth. Geophysics can be divided into exploration geophysics and geodynamics. Exploration geophysics is the process of imaging what is inside the Earth. Direct sampling in the Earth with drilling can only reach depths around 10 km so indirect methods are needed. Often used to describe commercial exploration, but includes investigations to depths of the mantle and core. All geophysical methods can be divided into active and passive techniques. In an active technique, it is necessary to generate a signal (e.g. in seismic studies sound waves are generated with an explosion or an earthquake). In a passive technique a naturally occurring signal is detected (e.g. the pull of gravity of a buried object). Geodynamics is the study of how the Earth works, and considers questions such as: -what drives plate motion? -what triggers earthquakes? -how is the Earth’s magnetic field generated? -how do continent-continent collisions build mountains? This field depends heavily on information derived from geophysical imaging. Advances in computer power now allow simulations of these processes in ever increasing detail and realism. A2 : Basic structure of the Earth • Radially symmetric to first order. • Crust – mainly silicate minerals, enriched in lighter elements (Na, Al) • Mantle – silicate minerals with more heavy elements (Fe and Mg) magnesium. Divided into upper and lower mantle (dashed line) • Outer core - liquid iron that convects rapidly. • Inner core – Lump of solid iron roughly the size of the moon • Crust and mantle are defined in terms of their distinct chemical compositions. -
Deep Borehole Placement of Radioactive Wastes a Feasibility Study
DEEP BOREHOLE PLACEMENT OF RADIOACTIVE WASTES A FEASIBILITY STUDY Bernt S. Aadnøy & Maurice B. Dusseault Executive Summary Deep Borehole Placement (DBP) of modest amounts of high-level radioactive wastes from a research reactor is a viable option for Norway. The proposed approach is an array of large- diameter (600-750 mm) boreholes drilled at a slight inclination, 10° from vertical and outward from a central surface working site, to space 400-600 mm diameter waste canisters far apart to avoid any interactions such as significant thermal impacts on the rock mass. We believe a depth of 1 km, with waste canisters limited to the bottom 200-300 m, will provide adequate security and isolation indefinitely, provided the site is fully qualified and meets a set of geological and social criteria that will be more clearly defined during planning. The DBP design is flexible and modular: holes can be deeper, more or less widely spaced, at lesser inclinations, and so on. This modularity and flexibility allow the principles of Adaptive Management to be used throughout the site selection, development, and isolation process to achieve the desired goals. A DBP repository will be in a highly competent, low-porosity and low-permeability rock mass such as a granitoid body (crystalline rock), a dense non-reactive shale (chloritic or illitic), or a tight sandstone. The rock matrix should be close to impermeable, and the natural fractures and bedding planes tight and widely spaced. For boreholes, we recommend avoiding any substance of questionable long-term geochemical stability; hence, we recommend that surface casings (to 200 m) be reinforced polymer rather than steel, and that the casing is sustained in the rock mass with an agent other than standard cement. -
Ten Years of Marine CSEM for Hydrocarbon Exploration
GEOPHYSICS, VOL.75, NO. 5 ͑SEPTEMBER-OCTOBER 2010͒; P.75A67–75A81, 15 FIGS. 10.1190/1.3483451 Ten years of marine CSEM for hydrocarbon exploration Steven Constable1 years of the first survey three contracting companies had been ABSTRACT formed for the express purpose of providing commercial marine CSEM services to the exploration industry. Now, almost 10 years af- Marine controlled-source electromagnetic ͑CSEM͒ sur- ter the Girassol survey, marine CSEM is a broadly used, if not main- veying has been in commercial use for predrill reservoir ap- stream, geophysical technology, with over 500 surveys reportedly praisal and hydrocarbon exploration for 10 years.Although a having been carried out and several custom-built survey vessels in recent decrease has occurred in the number of surveys and operation. The 75th anniversary of GEOPHYSICS and the 10th anni- publications associated with this technique, the method has versary of commercial marine CSEM seem to constitute an appro- become firmly established as an important geophysical tool priate occasion to review the marine CSEM method: where we have in the offshore environment. This is a consequence of two im- been, where we are today, and where we might be going. portant aspects associated with the physics of the method: The aim of this paper is to provide a technical review, which is ac- First, it is sensitive to high electrical resistivity, which, al- cessible to the nonexpert, of the marine CSEM method. However, to though not an unambiguous indicator of hydrocarbons, is an illustrate some of the important issues, original calculations have important property of economically viable reservoirs. -
Modeling for Inversion in Exploration Geophysics A
MODELING FOR INVERSION IN EXPLORATION GEOPHYSICS A Dissertation Presented to The Academic Faculty By Mathias Louboutin In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the School of CSE in the College of Computing Georgia Institute of Technology February 2020 Copyright c Mathias Louboutin 2020 MODELING FOR INVERSION IN EXPLORATION GEOPHYSICS Approved by: Dr. Felix J. Herrmann, Advisor School Computational Science and Engineering Dr. Tobin Isaac Georgia Institute of Technology School of Computer Science Georgia Institute of Technology Dr. Umit Catalyurek School Computational Science and Dr. Zhigang Peng Engineering School of Earth and Atmospheric Georgia Institute of Technology Sciences Georgia Institute of Technology Dr. Edmond Chow School Computational Science and Date Approved: March 1, 2020 Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Before anything else, I would like to thank my supervisor Dr Felix J. Herrmann for giv- ing me the opportunity to work with him. Thanks to his leadership I had the opportunity to work and scientifically challenging problems in a collaborative and motivating atmosphere. I would also like to thank Professor Gerard Gorman at Imperial college. And large part of my research was kick-started by a visit at Imperial College and Dr. Gorman’s support and guidance made me achieve my research objective. I would like to thank Professor Umit Catalyurek, Professor Edmond Chow, Professor Tobin Isaac and Professor Zhigang Peng for agreeing to be on my Ph.D. committee at Georgia Tech, for reviewing my thesis, for making time for my proposal and defense and for your valuable input on my work. I would also like to thank my former Ph.D. -
Results of the Application of Seismic- Reflection And
RESULTS OF THE APPLICATION OF SEISMIC- REFLECTION AND ELECTROMAGNETIC TECHNIQUES FOR NEAR-SURFACE HYDROGEOLOGIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL INVESTIGATIONS AT FORT BRAGG, NORTH CAROLINA ByM.T. Meyer and Jason M. Fine U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Water-Resources Investigations Report 97-4042 Prepared for the Department of the Army Fort Bragg, North Carolina Raleigh, North Carolina 1997 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR BRUCE BABBITT, Secretary U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Gordon P. Eaton, Director The use of firm, trade, and brand names in this report is for identification purposes only and does not constitute endorsement by the U.S. Geological Survey. For additional information write to: Copies of this report can be purchased from: District Chief U.S. Geological Survey U.S. Geological Survey Branch of Information Services 3916 Sunset Ridge Road Box 25286 Raleigh, NC 27607 Denver Federal Center Denver, CO 80225-0286 CONTENTS Page Abstract.................................................................................. 1 Introduction.............................................................................. 2 Background ....................................................................... 3 Purpose and scope ................................................................. 3 Physiographic and geologic settings .................................................. 4 Acknowledgments .............................................................. 6 Surface-geophysical methods ............................................................... 7 Shallow seismic reflection -
An Introduction to Geophysical Exploration, 3E
An Introduction to Geophysical Exploration Philip Kearey Department of Earth Sciences University of Bristol Michael Brooks Ty Newydd, City Near Cowbridge Vale of Glamorgan Ian Hill Department of Geology University of Leicester THIRD EDITION AN INTRODUCTION TO GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION An Introduction to Geophysical Exploration Philip Kearey Department of Earth Sciences University of Bristol Michael Brooks Ty Newydd, City Near Cowbridge Vale of Glamorgan Ian Hill Department of Geology University of Leicester THIRD EDITION © 2002 by The right of the Authors to be distributors Blackwell Science Ltd identified as the Authors of this Work Marston Book Services Ltd Editorial Offices: has been asserted in accordance PO Box 269 Osney Mead, Oxford OX2 0EL with the Copyright, Designs and Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4YN 25 John Street, London WC1N 2BS Patents Act 1988. (Orders: Tel: 01235 465500 23 Ainslie Place, Edinburgh EH3 6AJ Fax: 01235 465555) 350 Main Street, Malden All rights reserved. No part of MA 02148-5018, USA this publication may be reproduced, The Americas 54 University Street, Carlton stored in a retrieval system, or Blackwell Publishing Victoria 3053,Australia transmitted, in any form or by any c/o AIDC 10, rue Casimir Delavigne means, electronic, mechanical, PO Box 20 75006 Paris, France photocopying, recording or otherwise, 50 Winter Sport Lane except as permitted by the UK Williston,VT 05495-0020 Other Editorial Offices: Copyright, Designs and Patents Act (Orders: Tel: 800 216 2522 Blackwell Wissenschafts-Verlag GmbH 1988, without the prior -
Petroleum Engineering (PETE) | 1
Petroleum Engineering (PETE) | 1 PETE 3307 Reservoir Engineering I PETROLEUM ENGINEERING Fundamental properties of reservoir formations and fluids including reservoir volumetric, reservoir statics and dynamics. Analysis of Darcy's (PETE) law and the mechanics of single and multiphase fluid flow through reservoir rock, capillary phenomena, material balance, and reservoir drive PETE 3101 Drilling Engineering I Lab mechanisms. Preparation, testing and control of rotary drilling fluid systems. API Prerequisites: PETE 3310 and PETE 3311 recommended diagnostic testing of drilling fluids for measuring the PETE 3310 Res Rock & Fluid Properties physical properties of drilling fluids, cements and additives. A laboratory Introduction to basic reservoir rock and fluid properties and the study of the functions and applications of drilling and well completion interaction between rocks and fluids in a reservoir. The course is divided fluids. Learning the rig floor simulator for drilling operations that virtually into three sections: rock properties, rock and fluid properties (interaction resembles the drilling and well control exercises. between rock and fluids), and fluid properties. The rock properties Corequisites: PETE 3301 introduce the concepts of, Lithology of Reservoirs, Porosity and PETE 3110 Res Rock & Fluid Propert Lab Permeability of Rocks, Darcy's Law, and Distribution of Rock Properties. Experimental study of oil reservoir rocks and fluids and their interrelation While the Rock and Fluid Properties Section covers the concepts of, applied -
The Future of Onshore Seismic
VOL. 15, NO. 2 – 2018 GEOSCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY EXPLAINED geoexpro.com GEOTOURISM TECHNOLOGY EXPLAINED Aspen: Rocky Mountain High The Future of Onshore Seismic EXPLORATION Awaiting Discovery? The US Atlantic Margin GEOEDUCATION Resources Boosted by Billions GEOPHYSICS A Simple Guide to Depth Conversion Get Ready for the 2018 Egypt West Med License Round Unlock this frontier region with GeoStreamer seismic data for detailed subsurface information Benefit from true broadband depth imaging covering an area of more than 80 000 sq. km over the Herodotus/West Egypt Shelf. In partnership with: Meet our Egypt experts at EAGE in Copenhagen from 11–14 June 2018. Contact us for more information: [email protected] Ministry of Petroleum Ministry andof Petroleum Mineral Resources and Mineral Resources A Clearer Image | www.pgs.com/DataLibrary Previous issues: www.geoexpro.com Contents Vol. 15 No. 2 This edition of GEO ExPro focuses on North America; integrating geoscience for GEOSCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY EXPLAINED exploration; and reserves and resources. i 5 Editorial Egorov The underexplored US 6 Regional Update Atlantic margin may soon be open to exploration. 8 Licensing Update 10 A Minute to Read 14 Cover Story: Technology Explained: f Darts and Drones – The A simple guide to the parameters Future of Onshore Seismic involved in depth conversion. 18 Exploration: Awaiting Discovery? The US Atlantic Margin Earthworks Earthworks Reservoir 22 Industry Issues: Mind the Gaps v 24 GEO Physics: A Simple Guide Lasse Amundsen to Depth Conversion It is one of the oldest exploration areas in the world, but there is still plenty of potential in Central Europe. 26 Hot Spot: Renewed Excitement in Deepwater Gabon 28 Seismic Foldout: Exploring Papua New Guinea Y and Malvinas Become an expert at Finite 34 Exploration: Czeching it Out: Difference Modeling. -
Applied Earth Sciences Natural Resources from the Earth, Ranging from Engineers Know Where Those Resources Can Be Found Raw Materials to Energy
complement your academic studies, you will have the opportunity to work intensively with TU Delft’s partners in industry. For example, TU Delft is a participant in ISAPP (Integrated System Approach Petroleum Production), a large collaborative project involving TU Delft, Shell and TNO established for the purpose of boosting oil production by improving the flow of oil and water in oil reservoirs, and CATO, a consortium doing research on the collection, transport and storage of CO2. Managing the Earth’s resources for today and tomorrow Programme tracks • Petroleum Engineering and Geosciences covers both the technologies involved in extracting petroleum from the Earth, and the tools for assessing hydrocarbon reservoirs to gain an MSc Programme understanding of their potential. The track is divided into two specialisations: Petroleum Engineering covers all upstream Applied Earth aspects from reservoir description and drilling techniques to field management and project Sciences economics. Reservoir Geology covers the use of modern measurement and computational methods to obtain a quantitative understanding of hydrocarbon reservoirs. • Applied Geophysics is a joint degree track offered collaboratively by TU Delft, ETH Zürich and RWTH Aachen University. It trains students in geophysical aspects of environmental and engineering studies and in the exploration, exploitation and management of hydrocarbon and geothermal energy. Disciplines covered include acoustic and electromagnetic wave theory, seismic data acquisition, imaging and interpretation, borehole logging, rock-fluid interaction and petroleum geology. Everything we build and use on the surface of our • Resource Engineering covers the extraction of planet comes from the Earth. Applied Earth Sciences natural resources from the Earth, ranging from engineers know where those resources can be found raw materials to energy. -
Facts About Alberta's Oil Sands and Its Industry
Facts about Alberta’s oil sands and its industry CONTENTS Oil Sands Discovery Centre Facts 1 Oil Sands Overview 3 Alberta’s Vast Resource The biggest known oil reserve in the world! 5 Geology Why does Alberta have oil sands? 7 Oil Sands 8 The Basics of Bitumen 10 Oil Sands Pioneers 12 Mighty Mining Machines 15 Cyrus the Bucketwheel Excavator 1303 20 Surface Mining Extraction 22 Upgrading 25 Pipelines 29 Environmental Protection 32 In situ Technology 36 Glossary 40 Oil Sands Projects in the Athabasca Oil Sands 44 Oil Sands Resources 48 OIL SANDS DISCOVERY CENTRE www.oilsandsdiscovery.com OIL SANDS DISCOVERY CENTRE FACTS Official Name Oil Sands Discovery Centre Vision Sharing the Oil Sands Experience Architects Wayne H. Wright Architects Ltd. Owner Government of Alberta Minister The Honourable Lindsay Blackett Minister of Culture and Community Spirit Location 7 hectares, at the corner of MacKenzie Boulevard and Highway 63 in Fort McMurray, Alberta Building Size Approximately 27,000 square feet, or 2,300 square metres Estimated Cost 9 million dollars Construction December 1983 – December 1984 Opening Date September 6, 1985 Updated Exhibit Gallery opened in September 2002 Facilities Dr. Karl A. Clark Exhibit Hall, administrative area, children’s activity/education centre, Robert Fitzsimmons Theatre, mini theatre, gift shop, meeting rooms, reference room, public washrooms, outdoor J. Howard Pew Industrial Equipment Garden, and Cyrus Bucketwheel Exhibit. Staffing Supervisor, Head of Marketing and Programs, Senior Interpreter, two full-time Interpreters, administrative support, receptionists/ cashiers, seasonal interpreters, and volunteers. Associated Projects Bitumount Historic Site Programs Oil Extraction demonstrations, Quest for Energy movie, Paydirt film, Historic Abasand Walking Tour (summer), special events, self-guided tours of the Exhibit Hall. -
OIL and NATURAL GAS Within the General Field of the Earth Sciences
118 EXPLORATION GEOPHYSICS - OIL AND NATURAL GAS Last year the Canadian Association of Physicists prepared a comprehensive review on the status and future of physics in Canada for the Science Secretariat of the Privy Council. The subject was treated in twelve parts, one of which related to the “Physics of the Earth” under the convenorship of Professor R. D. Russell, University of British Columbia. Professor Russell invited the C.S.E.G. Executive to submit a brief on the significance of geophysics from the viewpoint of society members. The report below was undertaken by the CSEG. Research Committee CompriS. ing the following members: Mr. C. H. Achesan, Chairman Mr. Hinds Agnew Mr. R. Jerry Brad Mr. R. Clawson Mr. E. T. Cook Mr. G. F. Coote Mr. R. J. Copeland Dr. J. A. Mair Mr. P. J. Savage INTRODUCTION Within the general field of the earth sciences, lies the subfield of “Ex- ploration Geophysics.” This study concerns itself with the application of the tools and methods of physics to explore the first few miles of the earth’s crust. It attempts to identify rock types and delineate their gross structure. The ability to do this has proved to be invaluable in the exploration for oil and gas, and in the mining and construction industries. It is an essential field of endeavour for the development of Canada’s natural resources. As it makes use of the tools and methods of physics, students trained in this discipline are essential to its further development. The research carried out by government and universities has been, and will prove to be, a valuable asset to exploration geophysics, the most recent examples being provided by advances in Communication Theory and Laser Research. -
SPLOS/313* Meeting of States Parties
United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea SPLOS/313* Meeting of States Parties Distr.: General 16 March 2017 Original: English Twenty-seventh Meeting New York, 12-16 June 2017 Item 14 of the provisional agenda** Curricula vitae of candidates nominated by States parties for election to the Commission on the Limits of the Continental Shelf Note by the Secretary-General 1. The Secretary-General has the honour to submit the curricula vitae of the candidates nominated by States Parties for the election of 21 members of the Commission on the Limits of the Continental Shelf for a five-year term beginning on 16 June 2017 (see annex). The names and nationalities of the candidates are as follows: Al-Azri, Adnan Rashid Nasser (Oman) Al-Shehri, Mohammed Saleh (Saudi Arabia) Awosika, Lawrence Folajimi (Nigeria) Campos, Aldino (Portugal) Clarke, Wanda-Lee De Landro (Trinidad and Tobago) Glumov, Ivan F. (Russian Federation) Heinesen, Martin Vang (Denmark) Kalngui, Emmanuel (Cameroon) Lyu, Wenzheng (China) Madon, Mazlan bin (Malaysia) Mahanjane, Estevão Stefane (Mozambique) Marques, Jair Alberto Ribas (Brazil) Mazurowski, Marcin (Poland) Mosher, David Cole (Canada) Moreira, Domingos de Carvalho Viana (Angola) Njuguna, Simon (Kenya) Park, Yong Ahn (Republic of Korea) Paterlini, Carlos Marcelo (Argentina) Raharimananirina, Clodette (Madagascar) Yamazaki, Toshitsugu (Japan) Yãnez Carrizo, Gonzalo Alejandro (Chile) 2. Information concerning the procedure for the election is contained in document SPLOS/311. * Reissued for technical reasons on 28 July 2017. ** SPLOS/L.78. 17-04500* (E) 310717 *1704500* SPLOS/313 Annex Curricula vitae of candidates* Adnan Rashid Nasser Al-Azri (Oman) Personal Data Profession: Oceanographer (Biogeochemistry) Year of Birth: 1967 Languages: Arabic, English, French (basic) Occupational Objectives The nature of my work as an academic and the involvement in national and international organizations have given me a rich experience in combining science, administration, strategic planning and consultancy.