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PANAMA’S CANOPY TOWER & EL VALLE’S CANOPY LODGE

JANUARY 4–16, 2018

LEADERS: JERI LANGHAM & CARLOS BETHANCOURT LIST COMPILED BY: JERI LANGHAM

VICTOR EMANUEL NATURE TOURS, INC. 2525 WALLINGWOOD DRIVE, SUITE 1003 AUSTIN, TEXAS 78746 WWW.VENTBIRD.COM

PANAMA’S CANOPY TOWER & EL VALLE’S CANOPY LODGE January 4–16, 2018

By Jeri M. Langham

Myriads of magazine articles have touted Panama’s incredible Canopy Tower, a former U.S. military radar tower transformed by Raúl Arias de Para when the U.S. relinquished control of the Panama Canal Zone. It sits atop 900-foot Semaphore Hill overlooking Soberania National Park. While its rooms are rather spartan, the food is excellent, and the opportunity to view at dawn from the 360º rooftop Observation Deck above the treetops is outstanding. Twenty minutes away is the start of the famous Pipeline Road, possibly one of the best birding roads in Central and . From our base, daily birding outings are made to various locations in Central Panama, which vary from the primary forest around the tower to huge mudflats near Panama City and, finally, to cool Cerro Azul forest.

An enticing example of what awaits visitors to this marvelous birding paradise can be found in excerpts taken from the journal I write during every tour and later email to participants. These are taken from my 20-page, January 2018 journal.

My fabulous co-leader, Carlos Bethancourt, and everyone made it to the Canopy Tower's Observation Deck for a pre-breakfast morning of birding while sipping coffee or tea. Several Howler Monkey troops had already begun letting the other troops know they survived the night and were still defending their territories.

Keel-billed ! Laurie Dann Mantled Howler ! Tom Horner Green Shrike-Vireo ! Laurie Dann

As dawn approached we began to hear Barred, Slaty-backed, and Collared forest- falcons, plus both Rufous and Broad-billed . As it got lighter, we started seeing birds on all sides of the tower. Highlights at the tower were Keel-billed , Blue Dacnis, Red-lored and Blue-headed , Bay-headed Tanager, Brown-capped Tyrannulet, and White-necked Jacobin, but the best of all was everyone getting stellar views of Green Shrike-Vireo.

In Cerro Azul, we drove to the home of Jerry and Linda Harrison. This wonderful home and its setting are fantastic, especially the nectar, rice, and banana feeders by the back porch where the hummingbird show defies description. Diversity was excellent as we saw 11 hummingbird species. Among them were Green and Long-billed hermits, Crowned Woodnymph, Bronze-tailed and White-vented plumeleteers, White-necked Jacobin, and Rufous-tailed, Blue-chested, and Snowy-bellied hummingbirds. The rare Violet-capped Hummingbird was one I had not expected, since I have never seen it nor the Violet-headed here. At the end of the new gravel path we could see two Collared Araçaris feeding on bananas. The dazzling colors of one Red-legged, about 35–40 Shining, and a dozen Green honeycreepers were stunning. Thick-billed Euphonias, Bananaquits, and both Hepatic and Summer tanagers added to the spectacle. A splendid Rufous even came in for the bananas, along with two Black-cheeked , several Yellow-faced Grassquits, as well as Blue-gray, Palm, and two superb pairs of Crimson-backed tanagers. It was tough to leave this little paradise.

Snowy-bellied Hummingbird ! Marjie Pierce Collared Araçari ! Ethan Simler Crimson-backed Tanager !Tom Horner

At 3:00 p.m. we met and rode down Semaphore Hill on our way to Gamboa and the Ammo Dump Ponds site where we would hear and see over 50 species from this 100- yard stretch in two hours. Among those seen were Black-throated Mango, Rusty- margined and Social flycatchers, Variable and Yellow-bellied seedeaters, Clay-colored Thrush, Barred Antshrike, Crimson-backed Tanagers, a Rufescent Tiger-Heron eating a large fish, Yellow-tailed Orioles, White-necked , Wattled Jaçanas, Greater and Lesser kiskadees, and Pale-vented Pigeon. I never fail to be amazed at how many species we find here.

As Carlos and I stepped out of the van, a Stripe-cheeked (an endemic) called and was eventually seen. We also picked up Golden-hooded Tanagers here along with Isthmian . At the entrance to Cerro Jefe we got out and walked up the steep hill. One fruiting tree gave us Black-and-yellow, Emerald, Speckled, and Rufous-winged tanagers.

Emerald Tanager © Laurie Dann Slaty-tailed Trogon & Whooping Motmot © Carlos Bethancourt

We arrived at the entrance to Metropolitan National Park about 7 a.m. Upon arrival, the action was good with Orange-chinned Parakeets allowing us great scope views showing their tiny orange chins. A little further up the trail, Whooping Motmot, Slaty-tailed Trogon, and a young male Lance-tailed Manakin showed off. We lucked out with two massive flocks that kept us reeling, trying to get on the abundant activity that included Rosy Thrush-Tanagers, Long-billed Gnatwren, Blue-winged Warbler (rare in Panama), Southern Bentbill, and Orange-billed Sparrow.

Carlos, Lorenzo, and George set up the table for our picnic lunch and brought out the chicken sandwiches with lettuce and tomatoes to add as we pleased, fresh pineapple and watermelon, sliced carrots and celery with a great dip, and carrot cake for dessert. As we were finishing, a female Masked Tityra showed up high in one of the trees. This was our day to see four new trogons: Black-tailed, Gartered, White-tailed, and Black- throated. We picked up a second Northern Tamandua and also a Brown-throated Three-Toed Sloth moving through the trees, but the highlight of the entire day was getting to see a juvenile Rothchild’s Porcupine. It was a first for all of us, including Carlos! We only got to hear a soaring Black Hawk-Eagle but did have great views of a juvenile Double-toothed Kite. It was another wonderful day on Pipeline Road.

Ocellated Antbird © Bill Fraser Juvenile Rothchild’s Porcupine © Carlos Bethancourt Spotted Antbird © Tom Horner

Today as we drove along the famous Pipeline Road, Carlos and I heard Spotted and Bicolored antbirds and knew it was time to pile out of the vehicles. The army ants were just starting to wake up and head out from the bivouac, and that made the birds called army ant followers begin to get very active. Army ant followers do not eat the army ants. Instead, they catch and eat the and small vertebrates that are trying to escape. The ants find, kill, and tear apart arthropods and small vertebrates that can be caught, and parts are then carried back to the bivouac. We spent nearly two hours watching the swarms begin to hunt and saw Bicolored, Spotted, Chestnut-backed, and Ocellated antbirds, Northern Barred-Woodcreeper, Plain-brown and Ruddy woodcreepers, Gray-headed Tanagers , and several Song join the mob catching fleeing arthropods. We were extremely lucky that the mass paralleled the road for a while so you could really experience the streaming mass a foot away from us. On our way back, we stopped again to watch them bringing back parts to the bivouac.

While at Canopy Lodge , we spent two full days birding in Altos del María. By luck, the flowering tree by the road next to my vehicle was being visited by a male Snowcap that kept chasing away the Green Thorntail that also wanted to feed there. However, our best here was probably the poorly seen Brown Scythebill that just did not respond to taped calls. Common Chlorospingus lived up to the first word in its name. We had our midmorning snack and then headed for a dead end where we were going to try for other special birds at this higher elevation. We ended up with the rarest bird by far for our entire tour, a soaring Ornate Hawk-Eagle, a bird never seen on my previous 21 tours.

Brown-billed Scythebill and Snowcap © Bill Fraser Black-crowned Antpitta © Carlos Bethancourt

On our second day we visited Valle Bonito and began the magical walk up the wonderful streamside trail that is paved for over 1.5 kilometers. We enjoyed seeing the huge old growth trees covered with all kinds of epiphytes. A beautiful female Black- throated Trogon gave us great looks. Later a tiny White-throated Spadebill was seen by most on the slope across the stream. The Black-crowned Antpitta, whose song Carlos and Danilo had been whistling during our entire two days in Altos del María, finally called back. How Carlos and Danilo get scopes on this super tough target species on the dark slope never ceases to amaze me. Rain caused us to head for the kiosk in time for our picnic lunch, but we stopped long enough to see the Rufous Mourner.

Here in lowland grassland/dry scrub habitat with the trees and shrubs on both sides of

the unpaved road, we had a great hour in a stretch about 600 yards long. In no particular order, we saw Yellow-crowned Euphonia, Savanna Hawk, Crested Caracara, Lesser Yellow-headed Vulture, Crested Bobwhite, Sapphire-throated Hummingbird (a female feeding a youngster), White-eyed Pygmy-Tyrant, Sapphire-throated Hummingbird, Fork-tailed Flycatchers and many more.

The unfenced fields of rice next to the main road were visible, and a rice harvester was working the field so we enjoyed a 30-minute spectacle involving 2 Peregrine Falcons, 2 Savanna Hawks, 2 Yellow-headed Caracaras, 3 Crested Caracaras, 2 Great Black Hawks, 1 White-tailed Kite, many vultures, and dozens of Barn Swallows. We continued past the rice fields to the end of the road at the beach to see hundreds of birds that included Whimbrels, Willets, Sanderlings, Laughing Gulls, Neotropic Cormorants, about 10 Elegant Terns, and about 200 Sandwich Terns. It was quite a spectacle!

From here we drove to the Santa Clara beach where we ate lunch at Raúl's beach house, and several of you waded in the ocean. It is a wonderful place and gives a nice change of pace. High on my list of finds today was the Ferruginous Pygmy-Owl that I called in to perch in a close tree soon after we left the beach home.

Gray-cowled Wood-Rail © Laurie Dann Thick-billed Euphonia & Central American Agouti © Tom Horner

The usual array of species was seen at the Canopy Lodge feeders today, but most important was finally getting to see Spot-crowned Barbet. Three of them graced the feeders so we got to see the difference between males and females. Who could ever get tired of seeing the pair of huge Rufous Motmots; tiny Thick-billed Euphonias; hordes of bickering Clay-colored Thrushes; Gray-cowled Wood-Rail; Blue-gray, Flame-colored, Crimson-backed, and Palm tanagers; Red-tailed Squirrels (preferring the banana slices); Gray-headed Chachalacas and, on the ground, the Central American Agoutis?

After every VENT tour I lead, I ask the participants who take photographs to send me their best photos. From those I receive, I select representative photos of birds, other , and plants and create a page using those photos. The following pages are from my five most recent tours and will give you an excellent preview of the incredible diversity possible during your tour.

Black-faced Grosbeak Crowned Woodnymph Spot-crowned Barbet Orange-bellied Trogon Brownish Twistwing

White-nosed Coati Black-breasted Puffbird Geoffroy’s Tamarin Red-faced Spinetail Brown-throated Three-toed Sloth

Shining Honeycreeper Bay-headed Tanager Pearl Kite Yellow-eared Toucanet Straight-billed Woodcreeper

Common Potoo Black-headed Saltator Snowy-bellied Hummingbird Bronze-tailed Plumeleteer Gartered Trogon Ferruginous Pygmy-Owl

Roadside Hawk White-necked Jacobin Chestnut-headed Oropendola Tody Motmot Yellow-faced Grassquit

Photoshop & Design by Jeri Langham with photos by Carlos Bethancourt (12), Tino Sanchez (9), and Patti Coolsen (5).

Geoffroy’s Tamarin Green Honeycreeper Ocellated Antbird Vine Snake Ferruginous Pygmy-Owl

Bicolored Antbird Orange-bellied Trogon Tufted Flycatcher Black-headed Tody-Flycatcher Crowned Woodnymph

Crimson-backed Tanager White-tipped Sicklebill Shining Honeycreeper Primitive Bananas Black-cheeked Woodpecker

Black-and-yellow Tanager Rufous-vented Ground- Variable Seedeater Buff-rumped Warbler

Blue Cotinga Brownish Twistwing Lance-tailed Manakin Capybara Long-tailed Tyrant Rufous-capped Warbler

Photoshop & Design by Jeri Langham with photos by Cliff Hawley (15), Sue Taylor (6), Jennifer Green (3), & Laurel MacDowell (1).

Gray-cowled Wood-Rail Scarlet-rumped Cacique Black-crowned Antpitta Brown-billed Scythebill Groove-billed Ani

Blue-crowned Manakin Crimson-backed Tanager Yellow-eared Toucanet Rufous-crested Coquette White-necked Puffbird

Cinnamon Woodpecker Green Shrike-Vireo Spectacled Owl White-faced Capuchin American Pygmy Kingfisher

Yellow-throated Toucan Tody Motmot Black-striped Woodcreeper Slaty-tailed Trogon Common Potoo Great

Emerald Tanager Mottled Owl Black-chested Jay Masked Duck

Photoshop & Design by Jeri Langham with photos by Laurie Dann (20), Jimmy Stanley (3), Cathy Rogier (1) & Carlos Bethancourt (1).

C. American Woolly Opossum Crimson-crested Woodpecker Bay-headed Tanager Brown Violetear Crowned Woodnymph

Green Honeycreeper Dull-mantled Antbird Slate-colored Seedeater Gray-headed Tanager Orange-billed Sparrow

Doris Longwing Butterfly Mating flies Spot-crowned Antvireo Checker-throated Antwren Golden-hooded Tanager

Slaty-backed Forest-Falcon Great Tinamou Crane Hawk Black-cheeked Woodpecker Rufous Mourner Tiny Hawk

Brown-capped Tyrannulet Orange-bellied Trogon Keel-billed Toucan Night Monkeys Stripe-cheeked Wd. Collared Araçari

Photoshop & Design by Jeri Langham with photos by Amy Neel (10), Craig Swolgaard (9) and Ethan Simler (8).

Mantled Howler Monkey Blue-gray Tanager Snowy-bellied Hum. Rufous-crested Coquette Orange-bellied Trogon Snowcap

Bronze-tailed Plumeleteer Rufous-capped Warbler Green Honeycreeper Streak-chested Antpitta Long-tailed Tyrant

Rufous Motmot Sulphur-rumped Flycatcher White-tipped Sicklebill Spotted Antbird Bicolored Antbird

Spectacled Owl Crimson-backed Tan. Black-breasted Puffbird Geoffroy’s Tamarin Boat-billed Fly. Crimson-crested Wood.

Blue Dacnis Black-throated Trogon Black-cheeked Wood. Brown Violetear Blue-crowned Manakin

Photoshop & Design by Jeri Langham with photos by Tom Horner.

This FIELD LIST was prepared for participants in PANAMA’S CANOPY TOWER & EL VALLE TOUR led by Jeri Langham and local co-leader Carlos Bethancourt. For your convenience, the orders of families and common names are those given by the American Ornithological Society’s Checklist of North and Middle American Birds , 7 th edition and incorporate changes through the 58 th Supplement.

As most of you know, every Scientific or Species Name consists of two words: The Genus or Generic Name ( Homo for humans) and the Specific Epithet or Specific Name (sapiens for humans). These two words should always be in Italics or when written in cursive, underlined. In the last several years, DNA research has provided us with some new Family taxa, new phylogenetic order of families, new order of species within some families, and many changes to one or both words in the binomial Scientific Name. These are pointed out in my FIELD LIST . I have put additional comments of interest such as splits or name changes in parentheses.

• COLUMN I is designed to give you a realistic idea of which species you are likely to encounter. The numerals in this column indicate the number of 21 previous CANOPY TOWER VENT tours that recorded each species. A blank indicates it has not been recorded. When a comma separates two numerals (e.g. 4,1), the first represents the number of tours in which the species was seen, and the second represents the number of times the bird was only heard during the tour. An “h” indicates a species has only been heard and thus never seen on any of these previous trips. However, this was only my 14th tour to visit EL VALLE’S CANOPY LODGE , so for species that are only possible there Column I is not as accurate.

• COLUMN II shows the species seen (x) or only heard (h) on the 2018 tour.

PANAMA: CANOPY TOWER and EL VALLE -- January 4-16, 2018

COMMON NAME SCIENTIFIC NAME I II 1 Tinamous Tinamidae 2 Great Tinamou Tinamus major 13,8 x 3 Little Tinamou Crypturellus soui 3,9 4 Ducks, Geese & Waterfowl Anatidae 5 Black -bellied Whistling -Duck Dendrocygna autumnalis 8 6 Fulvous Whistling -Duck Dendrocygna bicolor 7 Muscovy Duck Cairina moschata 1 x 8 Blue -winged Teal Spatula discors ( new genus) 6 9 American Wigeon Mareca americana (new genus) 10 Ring -necked Duck Aythya collaris 1 11 Lesser Scaup Aythya affinis 12 Masked Duck Nomonyx dominicus 1 13 Guans, Chachalacas & Curassows Cracidae 14 Gray -headed Chachalaca Ortalis cinereiceps 19 x 15 Crested Guan Penelope purpurascens 16 Black Guan Chamaepetes unicolor 1 17 Great Curassow Crax rubra 18 New World Quail Odontophoridae 19 Tawny -faced Quail Rhynchortyx cinctus 20 Crested Bobwhite Colinus cristatus 3 x 21 Marbled Wood -Quail Odontophorus gujanensis 22 Black -eared Wood -Quail Odontophorus melanotis 2,1 23 Grebes Podicipedidae 24 Least Grebe Tachybaptus dominicus 5 x 25 Pied -billed Grebe Podilymbus podiceps 5 x 26 Pigeons & Doves Columbidae 27 Rock Pigeon (I) Columba livia 21 x 28 Pale -vented Pigeon Patagioenas cayennensis 21 x 29 Scaled Pigeon Patagioenas speciosa 20 x 30 Ruddy Pigeon Patagioenas subvinacea 1 31 Short -billed Pigeon Patagioenas nigrirostris 13,3 h 32 Plain -breasted Ground -Dove Columbina minuta 7 x 33 Ruddy Ground -Dove Columbina talpacoti 20 x 34 Blue Ground -Dove Claravis pretiosa 6,3 35 Ruddy Quail -Dove Geotrygon montana 1 36 Violaceous Quail -Dove Geotrygon violacea 37 Olive -backed Quail -Dove LeptotrygonPage veraguensis 1 (n. g.) 38 White -tipped Dove Leptotila verreauxi 19 x 39 40

PANAMA: CANOPY TOWER and EL VALLE -- January 4-16, 2018

COMMON NAME SCIENTIFIC NAME I II 1 Gray -chested Dove Leptotila cassinii 16 2 Purplish -backed Quail -Dove Zentrygon lawrencii (n. binomial) 2 3 Mourning Dove Zenaida macroura 4 x 4 Cuculidae 5 Little Cuckoo minuta 6 Squirrel Cuckoo cayana 21 x 7 Yellow -billed Cuckoo americanus 1 8 Cuckoo Coccyzus minor 4 9 Black -billed Cuckoo Coccyzus erythropthalmus 10 Striped Cuckoo Tapera naevia 4,4 h 11 Pheasant Cuckoo Dromococcyx phasianellus 1,1 12 Rufous -vented Ground -Cuckoo Neomorphus geoffroyi 2 13 Greater Ani Crotophaga major 20 x 14 Smooth -billed Ani Crotophaga ani 21 x 15 Groove -billed Ani Crotophaga sulcirostris 10 x 16 Nightjars & Allies Caprimulgidae 17 Short -tailed Nighthawk Lurocalis semitorquatus 1 18 Lesser Nighthawk Chordeiles acutipennis 2 19 Common Nighthawk Chordeiles minor 2,1 20 Common Pauraque Nyctidromus albicollis 10,1 x 21 Chuck -will's -widow Antrostomus carolinensis (n. g.) 22 Rufous Nightjar Antrostomus rufus (n. genus) 23 White -tailed Nightjar Hydropsalis cayennensis (n. g.) 24 Oilbird Steatornithidae 25 Oilbird Steatornis caripensis 26 Potoos Nyctibiidae 27 Great Potoo Nyctibius grandis 11 x 28 Common Potoo Nyctibius griseus 9,1 29 Swifts Apodidae 30 Black Swift Cypseloides niger 31 White -chinned Swift Cypseloides cryptus 32 Chestnut -collared Swift Streptoprocne rutila 33 White -collared Swift Streptoprocne zonaris 10 34 Chimney Swift Chaetura pelagica 35 Vaux's Swift Chaetura vauxi 4 x 36 Short -tailed Swift Chaetura brachyura 20 x 37 Band -rumped Swift ChaeturaPage spinicaudus 2 19 x 38 Lesser Swallow -tailed Swift Panyptila cayennensis 18 x 39 40

PANAMA: CANOPY TOWER and EL VALLE -- January 4-16, 2018

COMMON NAME SCIENTIFIC NAME I II 1 Hummingbirds Trochilidae 2 White -necked Jacobin Florisuga mellivora 21 x 3 White -tipped Sicklebill Eutoxeres aquila 5,1 4 Rufous -breasted Hermit Glaucis hirsutus 6 5 Band -tailed Barbthroat Threnetes ruckeri 6 6 Green Hermit Phaethornis guy 17 x 7 Long -billed Hermit (n.c.) Phaethornis longirostris 20 x 8 Pale -bellied Hermit Phaethornis anthophilus 2 9 Stripe -throated Hermit ( split ) Phaethornis striigularis 17 x 10 Brown Violetear Colibri delphinae 5 11 Purple -crowned Fairy Heliothryx barroti 18 12 Black -throated Mango Anthracothorax nigricollis 20 x 13 Veraguan Mango Anthracothorax veraguensis 10 x 14 Green Thorntail Discosura conversii 7 x 15 Rufous -crested Coquette Lophornis delattrei 11 x 16 Green -crowned Brilliant Heliodoxa jacula 9 17 Long -billed Starthroat Heliomaster longirostris 6 x 18 Purple -throated Mountain -gem Lampornis calolaemus 5 19 Magenta -throated Woodstar Calliphlox bryantae 20 Ruby -throated Hummingbird Archilochus colubris 21 Garden Emerald Chlorostilbon assimilis 10 22 Violet -headed Hummingbird Klais guimeti 14 x 23 Scaly -breasted Hummingbird Phaeochroa cuvierii 24 Violet Sabrewing Campylopterus hemileucurus 25 White -tailed Emerald Elvira chionura 3 26 Snowcap Microchera albocoronata 13 x 27 White -vented Plumeleteer Chalybura buffonii 21 x 28 Bronze -tailed Plumeleteer Chalybura urochrysia 18 x 29 Crowned Woodnymph (new c. name ) Thalurania colombica 17 x 30 Blue -chested Hummingbird Amazilia amabilis 19 x 31 Snowy -bellied Hummingbird Amazilia edward 21 x 32 Rufous -tailed Hummingbird Amazilia tzacatl 21 x 33 Violet -capped Hummingbird Goldmania violiceps 13 x 34 Sapphire -throated Hummingbird Lepidopyga coeruleogularis 14 x 35 Violet -bellied Hummingbird Juliamyia julie ( new genus) 21 x 36 Blue -throated Goldentail Hylocharis eliciae 37 Rails, Gallinules & Coots PageRallidae 3 38 White -throated Crake Laterallus albigularis 11,10 h 39 Gray -breasted Crake Laterallus exilis 40

PANAMA: CANOPY TOWER and EL VALLE -- January 4-16, 2018

COMMON NAME SCIENTIFIC NAME I II 1 Gray -cowled Wood -Rail (split) Aramides cajaneus 14,1 x 2 Uniform Crake Amaurolimnas concolor 3 Sora Porzana carolina 1 4 Yellow -breasted Crake Hapalocrex flaviventer (new g). 5 Purple Gallinule Porphyrio martinicus 18 x 6 Common Gallinule (new name) Gallinula galeata 20 x 7 American Coot Fulica americana 3 8 Finfoots Heliornithidae 9 Sungrebe Heliornis fulica 10 Limpkin Aramidae 11 Limpkin Aramus guarauna 4 12 Stilts & Avocets Recurvirostridae 13 Black -necked Stilt Himantopus mexicanus 10 x 14 American Avocet Recurvirostra americana 15 Oystercatchers Haematopodidae 16 American Oystercatcher Haematopus palliatus 1 17 Plovers & Lapwings Charadriidae 18 Southern Lapwing Vanellus chilensis 17 x 19 Black -bellied Plover Pluvialis squatarola 16 x 20 American Golden -Plover Pluvialis dominica 21 Collared Plover Charadrius collaris 1 22 Wilson's Plover Charadrius wilsonia 2 23 Semipalmated Plover Charadrius semipalmatus 6 24 Killdeer Charadrius vociferus 1 25 Jaçanas Jacanidae 26 Wattled Jaçana Jacana jacana 21 x 27 Sandpipers & Allies Scolopacidae 28 Upland Sandpiper Bartramia longicauda 29 Whimbrel Numenius phaeopus 17 x 30 Long -billed Curlew Numenius americanus 1 31 Marbled Godwit Limosa fedoa 9 x 32 Ruddy Turnstone Arenaria interpres 7 33 Red Knot Calidris canutus 11 34 Surfbird Calidris virgata 2 35 Stilt Sandpiper Calidris himantopus 2 36 Sanderling Calidris alba 6 x 37 Dunlin Calidris Pagealpina 4 1 38 Least Sandpiper Calidris minutilla 10 39 40

PANAMA: CANOPY TOWER and EL VALLE -- January 4-16, 2018

COMMON NAME SCIENTIFIC NAME I II 1 Pectoral Sandpiper Calidris melanotos 2 Semipalmated Sandpiper Calidris pusilla 2 3 Western Sandpiper Calidris mauri 12 x 4 Short -billed Dowitcher Limnodromus griseus 16 5 Long -billed Dowitcher Limnodromus scolopaceus 4 6 Spotted Sandpiper Actitis macularius 19 x 7 Solitary Sandpiper Tringa solitaria 15 8 Lesser Yellowlegs Tringa flavipes 9 9 Willet Tringa semipalmata 16 x 10 Greater Yellowlegs Tringa melanoleuca 15 11 Wilson's Phalarope Phalaropus tricolor 1 12 Red -necked Phalarope Phalaropus lobatus 13 Gulls, Terns & Skimmers Laridae 14 Laughing Gull Leucophaeus atricilla (n. genus) 21 x 15 Franklin's Gull Leucophaeus pipixcan (n. g.) 16 x 16 Ring -billed Gull Larus delawarensis 4 17 Herring Gull Larus argentatus 5 18 Brown Noddy Anous stolidus 19 Bridled Tern Onychoprion anaethetus 20 Least Tern Sternula antillarum 21 Gull -billed Tern Gelochelidon nilotica 8 x 22 Caspian Tern Hydroprogne caspia 2 23 Black Tern Chlidonias niger 2 24 Common Tern Sterna hirundo 2 25 Royal Tern Thalasseus maximus 16 x 26 Sandwich Tern Thalasseus sandvicensis 14 x 27 Elegant Tern Thalasseus elegans 7 x 28 Black Skimmer Rynchops niger 5 29 Sunbittern Eurypygidae 30 Sunbittern Eurypyga helias 1 31 Storks Ciconiidae 32 Jabiru Jabiru mycteria 33 Wood Stork Mycteria americana 12 x 34 Frigatebirds Fregatidae 35 Magnificent Frigatebird Fregata magnificens 21 x 36 Boobies & Gannets Sulidae 37 Masked Booby Sula dactylatraPage 5 38 Blue -footed Booby Sula nebouxii 2 x 39 40

PANAMA: CANOPY TOWER and EL VALLE -- January 4-16, 2018

COMMON NAME SCIENTIFIC NAME I II 1 Peruvian Booby Sula variegata 2 Brown Booby Sula leucogaster 3 3 Cormorants & Shags Phalacrocoracidae 4 Neotropic Cormorant Phalacrocorax brasilianus 19 x 5 Anhingas Anhingidae 6 Anhinga Anhinga anhinga 14 x 7 Pelicans Pelecanidae 8 American White Pelican Pelecanus erythrorhynchos 1 9 Brown Pelican Pelecanus occidentalis 21 x 10 Herons, Egrets & Bitterns Ardeidae 11 Least Bittern Ixobrychus exilis 1 12 Rufescent Tiger -Heron Tigrisoma lineatum 17 x 13 Fasciated Tiger -Heron Tigrisoma fasciatum 14 Bare -throated Tiger -Heron Tigrisoma mexicanum 15 Great Blue Heron Ardea herodias 21 x 16 Cocoi Heron Ardea cocoi 10 x 17 Great Egret Ardea alba 21 x 18 Snowy Egret Egretta thula 21 x 19 Little Blue Heron Egretta caerulea 21 x 20 Tricolored Heron Egretta tricolor 19 x 21 Reddish Egret Egretta rufescens 2 22 Cattle Egret Bubulcus ibis 21 x 23 Green Heron Butorides virescens 20 x 24 Striated Heron Butorides striata 15 x 25 Agami Heron Agamia agami 1 26 Capped Heron Pilherodius pileatus 3 27 Black -crowned Night -Heron Nycticorax nycticorax 12 x 28 Yellow -crowned Night -Heron Nyctanassa violacea 11 x 29 Boat -billed Heron Cochlearius cochlearius 19 x 30 Ibises & Spoonbills Threskiornithidae 31 White Ibis Eudocimus albus 15 x 32 Glossy Ibis Plegadis falcinellus 8 33 Green Ibis Mesembrinibis cayennensis 34 Roseate Spoonbill Platalea ajaja 1 35 New World Vultures Cathartidae 36 Black Vulture Coragyps atratus 21 x 37 Turkey Vulture CathartesPage aura 6 21 x 38 Lesser Yellow -headed Vulture Cathartes burrovianus 10 x 39 King Vulture Sarcoramphus papa 17 40

PANAMA: CANOPY TOWER and EL VALLE -- January 4-16, 2018

COMMON NAME SCIENTIFIC NAME I II 1 Osprey Pandionidae 2 Osprey Pandion haliaetus 21 x 3 Hawks, Eagles & Kites Accipitridae 4 Gray -headed Kite Leptodon cayanensis 15,1 5 Hook -billed Kite Chondrohierax uncinatus 5 6 Swallow -tailed Kite Elanoides forficatus 7 7 Pearl Kite Gampsonyx swainsonii 7 8 White -tailed Kite Elanus leucurus 13 x 9 Snail Kite Rostrhamus sociabilis 20 x 10 Double -toothed Kite Harpagus bidentatus 17 x 11 Mississippi Kite Ictinia mississippiensis 2 12 Plumbeous Kite Ictinia plumbea 7 13 Northern Harrier Circus hudsonius ( new sp. epi.) 1 14 Long -winged Harrier Circus buffoni 15 Tiny Hawk Accipiter superciliosus 2 16 Sharp -shinned Hawk Accipiter striatus 17 Bicolored Hawk Accipiter bicolor 18 Crane Hawk Geranospiza caerulescens 14 h 19 Plumbeous Hawk Cryptoleucopteryx plumbea 20 Common Black Hawk Buteogallus anthracinus 14 21 Mangrove Black Hawk (lumped ) Buteogallus a. subtilis 2 22 Savanna Hawk Buteogallus meridionalis 15 x 23 Great Black Hawk Buteogallus urubitinga 9 x 24 Barred Hawk Morphnarchus princeps (n. g.) 25 Roadside Hawk Rupornis magnirostris 18 x 26 White -tailed Hawk Geranoaetus albicaudatus 27 White Hawk Pseudastur albicollis (n. g.) 19 28 Semiplumbeous Hawk Leucopternis semiplumbeus 7 29 Gray -lined Hawk Buteo nitidus (split) 15 x 30 Broad -winged Hawk Buteo platypterus 20 x 31 Short -tailed Hawk Buteo brachyurus 21 x 32 Swainson's Hawk Buteo swainsoni 3 33 Zone -tailed Hawk Buteo albonotatus 11 34 Red -tailed Hawk Buteo jamaicensis 35 Harpy Eagle Harpia harpyja 36 Black Hawk -Eagle Spizaetus tyrannus 12,1 h 37 Ornate Hawk -Eagle SpizaetusPage ornatus 7 x 38 Black -and -white Hawk -Eagle Spizaetus melanoleucus (n. g.) 2 39 40

PANAMA: CANOPY TOWER and EL VALLE -- January 4-16, 2018

COMMON NAME SCIENTIFIC NAME I II 1 Barn -Owls Tytonidae 2 Barn Owl Tyto alba 3 Owls Strigidae 4 Tropical Screech -Owl Megascops choliba 5,2 5 Vermiculated Screech -Owl Megascops guatemalae 6 Choco Screech -Owl (to be split) Megascops g. chocoensis 3,5 7 Crested Owl Lophostrix cristata 3 8 Spectacled Owl Pulsatrix perspicillata 17 x 9 Ferruginous Pygmy -Owl Glaucidium brasilianum 10 x 10 Mottled Owl Ciccaba virgata 7,9 h 11 Black -and -white Owl Ciccaba nigrolineata 0,1 12 Striped Owl Pseudoscops clamator 0,1 13 Trogons Trogonidae 14 Slaty -tailed Trogon Trogon massena 21 x 15 Black -tailed Trogon Trogon melanurus 16,3 x 16 White -tailed Trogon Trogon chionurus 21 x 17 Gartered (N. Violaceous) Trogon Trogon caligatus (split) 21 x 18 Black -throated Trogon Trogon rufus 20,1 x 19 Orange -bellied Trogon Trogon aurantiiventris 21 x 20 Motmots Momotidae 21 Tody Motmot Hylomanes momotula 19 x 22 Lesson's Motmot ( western Panama ) lessonii (split) 10 x 23 Whooping Motmot ( eastern Panama ) Momotus subrufescens ( split) 20 x 24 Rufous Motmot Baryphthengus martii 20 x 25 Broad -billed Motmot Electron platyrhynchum 21 x 26 Kingfishers Alcedinidae 27 Ringed Kingfisher Megaceryle torquata (n. genus) 20 x 28 Belted Kingfisher Megaceryle alcyon (n. genus) 6 29 Amazon Kingfisher Chloroceryle amazona 16 x 30 Green Kingfisher Chloroceryle americana 21 x 31 Green -and -rufous Kingfisher Chloroceryle inda 1 32 American Pygmy Kingfisher Chloroceryle aenea 10 x 33 Bucconidae 34 radiatus 35 White -necked Puffbird hyperrhynchus (nse) 17 x 36 Black -breasted Puffbird Notharchus pectoralis 21 x 37 NotharchusPage tectus 8 15,1 x 38 White -whiskered Puffbird panamensis 20 x 39 40

PANAMA: CANOPY TOWER and EL VALLE -- January 4-16, 2018

COMMON NAME SCIENTIFIC NAME I II 1 Galbulidae 2 Great Jacamar Jacamerops aureus 9,1 3 New World Barbets ( new family ) Capitonidae (new) 4 Spot -crowned Barbet Capito maculicoronatus 18 5 Toucan -Barbets (new family ) Semnornithidae (new) 6 Prong -billed Barbet frantzii 7 Toucans Ramphastidae 8 Northern Emerald -Toucanet (new n.) Aulacorhynchus prasinus 21 x 9 Collared Araçari Pteroglossus torquatus 21 x 10 Yellow -eared Toucanet Selenidera spectabilis 11 11 Keel -billed Toucan Ramphastos sulfuratus 21 x 12 Yellow -throated Toucan (split ) Ramphastos ambiguus (lumped) 21 x 13 Woodpeckers Picidae 14 Olivaceous Piculet Picumnus olivaceus 3 15 Black -cheeked Woodpecker Melanerpes pucherani 20 x 16 Red -crowned Woodpecker Melanerpes rubricapillus 21 x 17 Yellow -bellied Sapsucker Sphyrapicus varius 6 18 Smoky -brown Woodpecker Picoides fumigatus 19 Stripe -cheeked Woodpecker Piculus callopterus 6 x 20 Cinnamon Woodpecker Celeus loricatus 19 x 21 Lineated Woodpecker Dryocopus lineatus 19,1 x 22 Crimson -bellied Woodpecker Campephilus haematogaster 23 Crimson -crested Woodpecker Campephilus melanoleucos 21 x 24 Falcons & Caracaras Falconidae 25 Laughing Falcon Herpetotheres cachinnans 1 26 Barred Forest -Falcon Micrastur ruficollis 2,8 x 27 Slaty -backed Forest -Falcon Micrastur mirandollei 6,9 h 28 Collared Forest -Falcon Micrastur semitorquatus 8,10 h 29 Crested Caracara Caracara cheriway 18 x 30 Yellow -headed Caracara Milvago chimachima 21 x 31 American Kestrel Falco sparverius 13 x 32 Merlin Falco columbarius 1 33 Aplomado Falcon Falco femoralis 4 34 Bat Falcon Falco rufigularis 17,2 35 Peregrine Falcon Falco peregrinus 14 x 36 New World & African Parrots Psittacidae 37 Brown -throated Parakeet EupsittulaPage pertinax 9 (new genus) 14,1 x 38 Orange -chinned Parakeet Brotogeris jugularis 21 x 39 40

PANAMA: CANOPY TOWER and EL VALLE -- January 4-16, 2018

COMMON NAME SCIENTIFIC NAME I II 1 Red -fronted Parrotlet Touit costaricensis 1 2 Blue -fronted Parrotlet Touit dilectissimus 1,2 3 Brown -hooded Pyrilia haematotis (new genus) 14,2 x 4 Blue -headed Parrot Pionus menstruus 21 x 5 Red -lored Parrot Amazona autumnalis 21 x 6 Mealy Parrot Amazona farinosa 19,1 x 7 Yellow -crowned Parrot Amazona ochrocephala 11 x 8 Sapayoa (new family ) Sapayoidae (new) 9 Sapayoa Sapayoa aenigma 10 Typical Antbirds Thamnophilidae 11 Fasciated Antshrike Cymbilaimus lineatus 21 x 12 Great Antshrike Taraba major 7,3 13 Barred Antshrike Thamnophilus doliatus 20 x 14 Black -crowned Antshrike (n.c. name) Thamnophilus atrinucha 21 x 15 Russet Antshrike Thamnistes anabatinus 6 x 16 Plain Antvireo Dysithamnus mentalis 13 x 17 Spot -crowned Antvireo Dysithamnus puncticeps 10 x 18 Moustached Antwren (split) Myrmotherula ignota 4,1 x 19 Pacific Antwren Myrmotherula pacifica 9 20 White -flanked Antwren Myrmotherula axillaris 19 x 21 Slaty Antwren Myrmotherula schisticolor 12 x 22 Checker -throated Antwren Epinecrophylla fulviventris (n. g.) 20 x 23 Dot -winged Antwren Microrhopias quixensis 17 x 24 Dusky Antbird Cercomacroides tyrannina (n.g.) 21 x 25 Jet Antbird Cercomacra nigricans 3,2 26 Bare -crowned Antbird Gymnocichla nudiceps 2,4 27 White -bellied Antbird Myrmeciza longipes 20,1 h 28 Chestnut -backed Antbird Myrmeciza exsul 20,1 x 29 Dull -mantled Antbird Myrmeciza laemosticta 6 30 Spotted Antbird Hylophylax naevioides 21 x 31 Wing -banded Antbird Myrmornis torquata 32 Bicolored Antbird Gymnopithys bicolor (new s.e.) 18,1 x 33 Ocellated Antbird Phaenostictus mcleannani 13,1 x 34 Gnateaters ( new family ) Conopophagidae (new) 35 Black -crowned Antpitta Pittasoma michleri 5,2 x 36 Antpittas Grallariidae 37 Scaled Antpitta GrallariaPage guatimalensis 10 38 Streak -chested Antpitta Hylopezus perspicillatus 12,5 x 39 40

PANAMA: CANOPY TOWER and EL VALLE -- January 4-16, 2018

COMMON NAME SCIENTIFIC NAME I II 1 Antthrushes Formicariidae 2 Black -faced Antthrush Formicarius analis 13,8 x 3 Black -headed Antthrush Formicarius nigricapillus 4 Ovenbirds & Woodcreepers Furnariidae 5 Tawny -throated Leaftosser Sclerurus mexicanus 2 6 Scaly -throated Leaftosser Sclerurus guatemalensis 3 7 Olivaceous Woodcreeper Sittasomus griseicapillus 10,1 x 8 Long -tailed Woodcreeper Deconychura longicauda 9 Ruddy Woodcreeper Dendrocincla homochroa 2 x 10 Plain -brown Woodcreeper Dendrocincla fuliginosa 18 x 11 Wedge -billed Woodcreeper Glyphorynchus spirurus 8 12 Northern Barred -Woodcreeper Dendrocolaptes sanctithomae 17 x 13 Cocoa Woodcreeper (split) Xiphorhynchus susurrans 21 x 14 Black -striped Woodcreeper Xiphorhynchus lachrymosus 15,1 h 15 Spotted Woodcreeper Xiphorhynchus erythropygius 17 x 16 Straight -billed Woodcreeper Dendroplex picus (new genus) 4 17 Red -billed Scythebill Campylorhamphus trochilirostris 18 Brown -billed Scythebill Campylorhamphus pusillus 5 x 19 Streak -headed Woodcreeper Lepidocolaptes souleyetii 8,1 20 Plain Xenops Xenops minutus 21 x 21 Slaty -winged Foliage -gleaner Philydor fuscipenne 22 Buff -throated Foliage -gleaner Automolus ochrolaemus 1 23 Spotted Barbtail Premnoplex brunnescens 18 x 24 Red -faced Spinetail Cranioleuca erythrops 16 x 25 Pale -breasted Spinetail Synallaxis albescens 5 26 Slaty Spinetail Synallaxis brachyura 27 Tyrant Flycatchers Tyrannidae 28 Brown -capped Tyrannulet Ornithion brunneicapillus 18 x 29 Southern Beardless -Tyrannulet Camptostoma obsoletum 19,2 x 30 Mouse -colored Tyrannulet Phaeomyias murina 6 h 31 Yellow Tyrannulet Capsiempis flaveola 11 32 Yellow -crowned Tyrannulet Tyrannulus elatus 19 x 33 Forest Elaenia Myiopagis gaimardii 17,1 x 34 Gray Elaenia Myiopagis caniceps 2 35 Greenish Elaenia Myiopagis viridicata 9 x 36 Yellow -bellied Elaenia Elaenia flavogaster 21 x 37 Lesser Elaenia Elaenia Pagechiriquensis 11 3,1 38 Olive -striped Flycatcher Mionectes olivaceus 10 x 39 Ochre -bellied Flycatcher Mionectes oleagineus 13 40

PANAMA: CANOPY TOWER and EL VALLE -- January 4-16, 2018

COMMON NAME SCIENTIFIC NAME I II 1 Sepia -capped Flycatcher Leptopogon amaurocephalus 2 2 Slaty -capped Flycatcher Leptopogon superciliaris 3 Yellow -green Tyrannulet (E) Phylloscartes flavovirens 8,1 4 Rufous -browed Tyrannulet Phylloscartes superciliaris 8 x 5 Rough -legged Tyrannulet (new ) Phyllomyias burmeisteri (split) 6 Paltry Tyrannulet Zimmerius vilissimus 20,1 x 7 Northern Scrub -Flycatcher Sublegatus arenarum 2 8 Black -capped Pygmy -Tyrant Myiornis atricapillus 10,1 x 9 Scale -crested Pygmy -Tyrant Lophotriccus pileatus 12,5 x 10 Pale -eyed Pygmy -Tyrant Lophotriccus pilaris 7 x 11 Southern Bentbill Oncostoma olivaceum 20,1 x 12 Slate -headed Tody -Flycatcher Poecilotriccus sylvia 5,1 13 Common Tody -Flycatcher Todirostrum cinereum 17 x 14 Black -headed Tody -Flycatcher Todirostrum nigriceps 13,1 x 15 Brownish Twistwing (Flycatcher) (n.n.) Cnipodectes subbrunneus 7,5 16 Eye -ringed Flatbill Rhynchocyclus brevirostris 1 17 Olivaceous Flatbill Rhynchocyclus olivaceus 15,1 x 18 Yellow -olive Flycatcher Tolmomyias sulphurescens 9 x 19 Yellow -margined Flycatcher Tolmomyias assimilis 15,1 x 20 White -throated Spadebill Platyrinchus mystaceus 2 x 21 Golden -crowned Spadebill Platyrinchus coronatus 4,2 22 Royal Flycatcher Onychorhynchus coronatus 5,1 23 Ruddy -tailed Flycatcher Terenotriccus erythrurus 19 x 24 Sulphur -rumped Flycatcher Myiobius sulphureipygius 8 x 25 Black -tailed Flycatcher Myiobius atricaudus 9 x 26 Bran -colored Flycatcher Myiophobus fasciatus 5 27 Tufted Flycatcher Mitrephanes phaeocercus 11 x 28 Olive -sided Flycatcher Contopus cooperi 5 29 Western Wood -Pewee Contopus sordidulus 1 30 Eastern Wood -Pewee Contopus virens 3 31 Tropical Pewee Contopus cinereus 5 x 32 Yellow -bellied Flycatcher Empidonax flaviventris 1 33 Acadian Flycatcher Empidonax virescens 8,4 34 Alder Flycatcher Empidonax alnorum 35 Willow Flycatcher Empidonax traillii 1 36 Black Phoebe Sayornis nigricans 12 x 37 Pied Water -Tyrant FluvicolaPage pica 12 4 38 Long -tailed Tyrant Colonia colonus 14 39 Cattle Tyrant Machetornis rixosa 40

PANAMA: CANOPY TOWER and EL VALLE -- January 4-16, 2018

COMMON NAME SCIENTIFIC NAME I II 1 Bright -rumped Attila Attila spadiceus 14,7 x 2 Chocó Sirystes Sirystes albogriseus (n.s.e.) 3 Rufous Mourner Rhytipterna holerythra 14 x 4 Dusky -capped Flycatcher Myiarchus tuberculifer 20,2 x 5 Panama Flycatcher Myiarchus panamensis 19 x 6 Great Crested Flycatcher Myiarchus crinitus 15,5 x 7 Lesser Kiskadee Pitangus lictor 21 x 8 Great Kiskadee Pitangus sulphuratus 21 x 9 Boat -billed Flycatcher Megarynchus pitangua 21 10 Rusty -margined Flycatcher Myiozetetes cayanensis 21 x 11 Social Flycatcher Myiozetetes similis 21 x 12 Gray -capped Flycatcher Myiozetetes granadensis 5 13 White -ringed Flycatcher Conopias albovittatus 14 Streaked Flycatcher Myiodynastes maculatus 20 x 15 Sulphur -bellied Flycatcher Myiodynastes luteiventris 16 Piratic Flycatcher Legatus leucophaius 11,1 17 Crowned Slaty Flycatcher Empidonomus aurantioatrocristatus 18 Tropical Kingbird Tyrannus melancholicus 21 x 19 Eastern Kingbird Tyrannus tyrannus 1 20 Gray Kingbird Tyrannus dominicensis 9 21 Fork -tailed Flycatcher Tyrannus savana 21 x 22 Tityras & Allies Tityridae (new) 23 Northern Schiffornis (split) Schiffornis veraepacis (n.s.e.) ?,1 h 24 Russet -winged Schiffornis (split) Schiffornis stenorhyncha (n.s.e.) 1,? x 25 Speckled Mourner Laniocera rufescens 6 x 26 Masked Tityra Tityra semifasciata 19 x 27 Black -crowned Tityra Tityra inquisitor 6 x 28 Barred Becard Pachyramphus versicolor 29 Cinnamon Becard Pachyramphus cinnamomeus 11 30 White -winged Becard Pachyramphus polychopterus 10 31 Cotingas Cotingidae 32 Purple -throated Fruitcrow Querula purpurata 21 x 33 Bare -necked Umbrellabird Cephalopterus glabricollis 34 Blue Cotinga Cotinga nattererii 21 35 Rufous Piha Lipaugus unirufus 1 36 Three -wattled Bellbird Procnias tricarunculatus 37 Manakins PagePipridae 13 38 Lance -tailed Manakin Chiroxiphia lanceolata 18,1 x 39 White -ruffed Manakin Corapipo altera 12,2 x 40

PANAMA: CANOPY TOWER and EL VALLE -- January 4-16, 2018

COMMON NAME SCIENTIFIC NAME I II 1 Blue -crowned Manakin Lepidothrix coronata (n. genus) 18 x 2 Golden -collared Manakin Manacus vitellinus 21 x 3 Red -capped Manakin Ceratopipra mentalis (n. genus) 20,1 x 4 Vireos, Shrike -Babblers & Erpornis Vireonidae 5 Rufous -browed Peppershrike Cyclarhis gujanensis 4,2 6 Scrub Greenlet Hylophilus flavipes 14,1 7 Green Shrike -Vireo Vireolanius pulchellus 21 x 8 Tawny -crowned Greenlet Tunchiornis ochraceiceps (n.g.) 9 Lesser Greenlet Pachysylvia decurtata (n. g.) 21 x 10 Golden -fronted Greenlet Pachysylvia aurantiifrons (n. g.) 19 x 11 White -eyed Vireo Vireo griseus 12 Yellow -throated Vireo Vireo flavifrons 15 13 Philadelphia Vireo Vireo philadelphicus 7 x 14 Brown -capped Vireo Vireo leucophrys 1 15 Red -eyed Vireo Vireo olivaceus 2 16 Yellow -green Vireo Vireo flavoviridis 10,2 17 Black -whiskered Vireo Vireo altiloquus 18 Crows, Jays & Magpies Corvidae 19 Black -chested Jay Cyanocorax affinis 19 x 20 Swallows Hirundinidae 21 Purple Martin Progne subis 1 22 Gray -breasted Martin Progne chalybea 21 x 23 Brown -chested Martin Progne tapera 24 Tree Swallow Tachycineta bicolor 4 25 Mangrove Swallow Tachycineta albilinea 21 x 26 Blue -and -white Swallow Pygochelidon cyanoleuca 3 x 27 White -thighed Swallow Atticora tibialis (n.g.) 2 28 Northern Rough -winged Swallow Stelgidopteryx serripennis 7 29 Southern Rough -winged Swallow Stelgidopteryx ruficollis 21 x 30 Bank Swallow Riparia riparia 3 31 Cliff Swallow Petrochelidon pyrrhonota 2 32 Barn Swallow Hirundo rustica 14 x 33 Wrens Troglodytidae 34 Scaly -breasted Wren Microcerculus marginatus 5,5 h 35 House Wren Troglodytes aedon 21 x 36 Ochraceous Wren Troglodytes ochraceus 17,4 x 37 White -headed Wren CampylorhynchusPage 14 albobrunneus 9 38 Rufous -breasted Wren Pheugopedius rutilus (n. g.) 19 x 39 Black -bellied Wren Pheugopedius fasciatoventris 19,1 h 40

PANAMA: CANOPY TOWER and EL VALLE -- January 4-16, 2018

COMMON NAME SCIENTIFIC NAME I h 1 Rufous -and -white Wren Thryophilus rufalbus (n. genus) 16,4 x 2 Isthmian Wren (split) elutus (New name) 19,1 x 3 Bay Wren Cantorchilus nigricapillus (n. g.) 19,1 x 4 Buff -breasted Wren Cantorchilus leucotis (n. g.) 16,2 x 5 White -breasted Wood -Wren Henicorhina leucosticta 18,1 x 6 Gray -breasted Wood -Wren Henicorhina leucophrys 16,2 x 7 Song Wren Cyphorhinus phaeocephalus 21 x 8 Gnatcatchers (new family) Polioptilidae (new) 9 Tawny -faced Gnatwren Microbates cinereiventris 6,1 10 Long -billed Gnatwren Ramphocaenus melanurus 21 x 11 Tropical Gnatcatcher Polioptila plumbea 20 x 12 Thrushes & Allies Turdidae 13 Orange -billed Nightingale -Thrush Catharus aurantiirostris 2,1 14 Veery Catharus fuscescens 15 Gray -cheeked Thrush Catharus minimus 2 16 Swainson's Thrush Catharus ustulatus 3 17 Wood Thrush Hylocichla mustelina 18 Pale -vented Thrush Turdus obsoletus 8 x 19 Clay -colored Thrush Turdus grayi 21 x 20 White -throated Thrush Turdus assimilis 2 21 Mockingbirds & Thrashers Mimidae 22 Gray Catbird Dumetella carolinensis 2 23 Tropical Mockingbird Mimus gilvus 21 x 24 Waxwings Bombycillidae 25 Cedar Waxwing Bombycilla cedrorum 1 26 Old World Sparrows Passeridae 27 House Sparrow Passer domesticus 10 x 28 Wagtails & Pipits Motacillidae 29 Yellowish Pipit Anthus lutescens 30 Finches, Euphonias & Allies Fringillidae 31 Yellow -crowned Euphonia Euphonia luteicapilla 20 x 32 Thick -billed Euphonia Euphonia laniirostris 21 x 33 Elegant Euphonia Euphonia elegantissima 2 34 Fulvous -vented Euphonia Euphonia fulvicrissa 20 35 White -vented Euphonia Euphonia minuta 6 36 Tawny -capped Euphonia Euphonia anneae 17 x 37 Lesser Goldfinch Spinus psaltriaPage 15 (new genus) 12 x 38 Thrush -Tanager (new family) Rhodinocichlidae (new) 39 Rosy Thrush -Tanager Rhodinocichla rosea 17,4 x 40

PANAMA: CANOPY TOWER and EL VALLE -- January 4-16, 2018

COMMON NAME SCIENTIFIC NAME I II 1 New World Sparrows (new name) Passerellidae (new) 2 Orange -billed Sparrow Arremon aurantiirostris 20,1 x 3 Sooty -faced Finch Arremon crassirostris (n. genus) 4 Chestnut -capped Brushfinch Arremon brunneinucha (n.g.) 16 x 5 Black -striped Sparrow Arremonops conirostris 21 x 6 Common Chlorospingus (n.c.n.) Chlorospingus flavopectus (n.s.e) 21 x 7 Troupials & Allies Icteridae 8 Bobolink Dolichonyx oryzivorus 9 Eastern Meadowlark Sturnella magna 10 x 10 Red -breasted Blackbird Leistes militaris (new genus) 10 11 Yellow -billed Cacique Amblycercus holosericeus 7,1 12 Crested Oropendola Psarocolius decumanus 16 13 Chestnut -headed Oropendola Psarocolius wagleri 21 x 14 Montezuma Oropendola Psarocolius montezuma 1,1 15 Scarlet -rumped Cacique Cacicus uropygialis 21 x 16 Yellow -rumped Cacique Cacicus cela 21 x 17 Black -cowled Oriole Icterus prosthemelas 18 Orchard Oriole Icterus spurius 18 x 19 Yellow -backed Oriole Icterus chrysater 21 x 20 Orange -crowned Oriole Icterus auricapillus 21 Yellow -tailed Oriole Icterus mesomelas 15 x 22 Baltimore Oriole Icterus galbula 21 x 23 Shiny Cowbird Molothrus bonariensis 9 24 Bronzed Cowbird Molothrus aeneus 2 25 Giant Cowbird Molothrus oryzivorus 14 x 26 Great -tailed Grackle Quiscalus mexicanus 21 x 27 New World Warblers Parulidae 28 Ovenbird Seiurus aurocapilla 1 x 29 Worm -eating Warbler Helmitheros vermivorum 1 30 Louisiana Waterthrush Parkesia motacilla (n. genus) 8 x 31 Northern Waterthrush Parkesia noveboracensis (n. g.) 18,1 x 32 Golden -winged Warbler Vermivora chrysoptera 18 x 33 Blue -winged Warbler Vermivora cyanoptera (n. s. epi.) 2 x 34 Black -and -white Warbler Mniotilta varia 21 x 35 Prothonotary Warbler Protonotaria citrea 20 x 36 Tennessee Warbler Oreothlypis peregrina (n. genus) 21 x 37 Mourning Warbler GeothlypisPage philadelphia 16 (n. g.) 13 38 Kentucky Warbler Geothlypis formosa (n. genus) 7 39 Common Yellowthroat Geothlypis trichas (new genus) 4 40

PANAMA: CANOPY TOWER and EL VALLE -- January 4-16, 2018

COMMON NAME SCIENTIFIC NAME I II 1 Hooded Warbler Setophaga citrina (new genus) 2 2 American Redstart Setophaga ruticilla (new genus ) 8 x 3 Cape May Warbler Setophaga tigrina (new genus) 4 Cerulean Warbler Setophaga cerulea (new genus) 1 5 Northern Parula Setophaga americana (n. genus) 1 6 Tropical Parula Setophaga pitiayumi (n. g.) 1 7 Magnolia Warbler Setophaga magnolia (n.g.) 10 8 Bay -breasted Warbler Setophaga castanea (n.g.) 21 x 9 Blackburnian Warbler Setophaga fusca (new genus) 10 x 10 Yellow Warbler Setophaga petechia (n. genus) 21 x 11 Chestnut -sided Warbler Setophaga pensylvanica (n.g.) 21 x 12 Blackpoll Warbler Setophaga striata (new genus) 9 13 Palm Warbler Setophaga palmarum (n. genus ) 3 x 14 Yellow -rumped Warbler Setophaga coronata (n. genus) 4 15 Prairie Warbler Setophaga discolor (n. genus) 1 16 Black -throated Green Warbler Setophaga virens (new genus) 11 x 17 Buff -rumped Warbler Myiothlypis fulvicauda (n. g.) 6 x 18 Rufous -capped Warbler Basileuterus rufifrons 16 x 19 Canada Warbler Cardellina canadensis (n. g.) 9 20 Wilson's Warbler Cardellina pusilla (n. genus) 1 21 Mitrospingid Tanagers (new family) Mitrospingidae (new) 22 Dusky -faced Tanager Mitrospingus cassinii 19,1 x 23 Cardinals & Allies Cardinalidae 24 Hepatic Tanager Piranga flava 16 x 25 Summer Tanager Piranga rubra 21 x 26 Scarlet Tanager Piranga olivacea 2 27 Western Tanager Piranga ludoviciana 28 Red -crowned Ant -Tanager Habia rubica 16 x 29 Red -throated Ant -Tanager Habia fuscicauda 21 x 30 Olive (Carmiol's) Tanager ( new) Chlorothraupis carmioli 9 31 Black -faced Grosbeak Caryothraustes poliogaster 2 32 Rose -breasted Grosbeak Pheucticus ludovicianus 13 33 Blue Seedeater Amaurospiza concolor 1 34 Blue -black Grosbeak Cyanocompsa cyanoides 14,2 x 35 Blue Grosbeak Passerina caerulea (n. genus) 4 36 Indigo Bunting Passerina cyanea 1 37 Dickcissel Spiza americanaPage 17 1 38 Tanagers & Allies Thraupidae 39 Blue -gray Tanager Thraupis episcopus 21 x 40

PANAMA: CANOPY TOWER and EL VALLE -- January 4-16, 2018

COMMON NAME SCIENTIFIC NAME I II 1 Palm Tanager Thraupis palmarum 21 x 2 Golden -hooded Tanager Tangara larvata 21 x 3 Speckled Tanager Tangara guttata 5 x 4 Plain -colored Tanager Tangara inornata 21 x 5 Rufous -winged Tanager Tangara lavinia 7 x 6 Bay -headed Tanager Tangara gyrola 17 x 7 Emerald Tanager Tangara florida 8 x 8 Silver -throated Tanager Tangara icterocephala 21 x 9 Saffron Finch Sicalis flaveola 10 10 Grassland Yellow -Finch Sicalis luteola 11 Green Honeycreeper Chlorophanes spiza 20 x 12 Black -and -yellow Tanager Chrysothlypis chrysomelas 13 x 13 Sulphur -rumped Tanager Heterospingus rubrifrons 4 14 Blue -black Grassquit Volatinia jacarina 17 x 15 Gray -headed Tanager Eucometis penicillata 17 x 16 White -shouldered Tanager Tachyphonus luctuosus 21 x 17 Tawny -crested Tanager Tachyphonus delatrii 20 x 18 White -lined Tanager Tachyphonus rufus 14 x 19 Lemon(Flame) -rumped Tanager (new) Ramphocelus flammigerus 21 x 20 Crimson -backed Tanager Ramphocelus dimidiatus 21 x 21 Shining Honeycreeper Cyanerpes lucidus 13 x 22 Red -legged Honeycreeper Cyanerpes cyaneus 21 x 23 Scarlet -thighed Dacnis Dacnis venusta 8 24 Blue Dacnis Dacnis cayana 21 x 25 Bananaquit Coereba flaveola 21 x 26 Yellow -faced Grassquit Tiaris olivaceus 17 x 27 Thick -billed Seed -Finch Sporophila funerea (n. binomial) 10 x 28 Variable Seedeater Sporophila corvina (new s.e.) 21 x 29 Slate -colored Seedeater Sporophila schistacea 2,1 30 White -collared Seedeater Sporophila torqueola 1 31 Yellow -bellied Seedeater Sporophila nigricollis 15 x 32 Ruddy -breasted Seedeater Sporophila minuta 10 33 Wedge -tailed Grass -Finch Emberizoides herbicola 34 Black -headed Saltator Saltator atriceps 17,1 35 Buff -throated Saltator Saltator maximus 21 x 36 Slate -colored Grosbeak Saltator grossus 15,3 x 37 Streaked Saltator SaltatorPage striatipectus 18 18 38 39 40

PANAMA: CANOPY TOWER and EL VALLE -- January 4-16, 2018

COMMON NAME SCIENTIFIC NAME I II 1 MAMMALS -- Reid's 1997 order and nomenclature 2 7 OPOSSUM species 3 COMMON OPOSSUM Didelphis marsupialis 14 x 4 VIRGINIA OPOSSUM Didelphis virginiana 2 5 CENTRAL AMER. WOOLLY OPOSSUM Caluromys derbianus 5 x 6 GRAY FOUR -EYED OPOSSUM Philander opossum 1 7 NORTHERN TAMANDUA Tamandua mexicana 11 x 8 HOFFMANN'S TWO -TOED SLOTH Choloepus hoffmanni 20 x 9 BROWN -THROATED 3 -TOED SLOTH Bradypus variegatus 21 x 10 NOR. NAKED-TAILED ARMADILLO Cabassous centralis 11 NINE -BANDED ARMADILLO Dasypus novemcinctus 6 12 78 BAT species 21 x 13 PROBOSCIS or LONG -NOSED BAT Rhynchonycteris naso 14 GREATER FISHING BAT Noctilio leporinus 1 15 LESSER FISHING BAT Noctilio albiventris 1 16 COMMON TENT -MAKING BAT Uroderma bilobatum 2 17 BROWN TENT -MAKING BAT Uroderma magnirostrum 1 18 ORANGE NECTAR BAR Lonchophylla robusta 1 19 CHESTNUT SAC -WINGED BAT Cormura brevirostris 1 20 FALSE VAMPIRE BAT Vampyrum spectrum 2 21 3 VAMPIRE BAT species 22 GEOFFROY'S TAMARIN Saguinus geoffroyi 20 x 23 PANAMANIAN NIGHT MONKEY Aotus lemurinus 5 x 24 WHITE -FACED CAPUCHIN MONKEY Cebus capuchinus 16 x 25 MANTLED HOWLER MONKEY Alouatta palliata 21 x 26 CENTRAL AMER. SPIDER MONKEY Ateles geoffroyi 1 27 VARIEGATED SQUIRREL Sciurus variegatoides 17 x 28 RED -TAILED SQUIRREL Sciurus granatensis 21 x 29 ALFARO'S PYGMY SQUIRREL Microsciurus alfari 6 x 30 WESTERN PYGMY SQUIRREL Microsciurus mimulus 31 14 MOUSE or RAT species 1 x 32 ROTHCHILD'S PORCUPINE Coendou rothschildi 3 x 33 LESSER CAPYBARA Hydrochaeris isthmius 11 34 CENTRAL AMERICAN AGOUTI Dasyprocta punctata 21 x 35 PACA Agouti paca 36 3 SPINY or TREE RAT species 1 37 TAPITI or FOREST RABBIT [to 1500 m] SylvilagusPage brasiliensis 19 11 38 COYOTE Canis latrans 7 39 GREATER GRISON Galictis vittata 1 40

PANAMA: CANOPY TOWER and EL VALLE -- January 4-16, 2018

COMMON NAME SCIENTIFIC NAME I II 1 GRAY FOX Urocyon cinereoargenteus 2 NORTHERN RACCOON Procyon lotor 3 CRAB -EATING RACCOON Procyon cancrivorous 1 4 WHITE -NOSED COATI Nasua nasua 21 x 5 KINKAJOU Potos flavus 14 x 6 ALLEN'S OLINGO Bassaricyon alleni (split) 4 x 7 LONG-TAILED WEASEL Mustela frenata 8 TAYRA Eira barbara 3 9 NEOTROPICAL RIVER OTTER Lutra longicaudis 1 10 OCELOT Felis pardalis 11 MARGAY Leopardus wiedii 12 JAGUARUNDI Felis yagouaroundi 13 PUMA Puma concolor 14 JAGUAR Panthera onca 15 WEST INDIAN MANATEE Trichechus manatus 16 BAIRD'S TAPIR Tapirus bairdii 17 COLLARED PECCARY Tayassu tajacu 3 x 18 WHITE -LIPPED PECCARY Tayassu pecari 19 WHITE -TAILED DEER Olocoileus virginianus 2 20 RED BROCKET Mazama americana 21 22 23 REPRESENTATIVE FISHES 24 Unidentified CATFISH 21 x 25 Unidentified FISHES 21 x 26 Unidentified TILAPIA species 1 27 28 REPRESENTATIVE REPTILES and AMPHIBIANS 29 From 1983 Costa Rican Natural History, D. Janzen, ed. 30 BRILLIANT FOREST FROG Lithobates warszewitschii 6 31 RED -EYED TREEFROG Agalychnis callidryas 32 GIANT or MARINE TOAD Bufo marinus 5,3 33 TINK FROG Eleutherodactylus bransfordii 1,13 h 34 TREE FROG Hyla sp. x 35 POISON DART FROG Dendrobates auratus 4 36 Unidentified LEAF FROG species 2 37 Unidentified FROG species Page 20 13,8 x 38 Unidentified TOAD species Diploglossus monotropis x 39 GALLIWASP LIZARD Diploglossus monotropis 40 JESUS CHRIST LIZARD Basiliscus basiliscus 15 x

PANAMA: CANOPY TOWER and EL VALLE -- January 4-16, 2018

COMMON NAME SCIENTIFIC NAME I II 1 MACROTEIID LIZARDS Ameiva spp. 15 2 CENTRAL AMER. WHIPTAIL LIZARD Ameiva festiva 11 x 3 COMMON or GREEN IGUANA Iguana iguana 18 x 4 CTENOSAUR or BLACK IGUANA Ctenosaura similis 1 x 5 YELLOW -HEADED GECKO Phyllodactylus 8 6 "INTRODUCED" or HOUSE GECKO Hemidactylus frenatus 21 x 7 GIANT GECKO 0,2 8 Unidentified GECKO species 1 9 ANOLIS LIZARD or ANOLE Anolis spp. 10 x 10 SKINK Sphenomorphus cherriei 3 11 RED or PAINTED WOOD TURTLE Rhinoclemmys pulcherrima 3 12 COMMON SLIDER Trachemys scripta 19 x 13 SOFT -SHELLED TURTLE Apalone spp. 1 14 AMERICAN CROCODILE Crocodylus acutus 8 x 15 SPECTACLED CAIMAN or BABA Caiman crocodilus 15 16 EYELASH VIPER or BOCARACA Bothrops schlegelii 17 FER -DE -LANCE or TERCIOPELO Bothrops asper 1 18 BOA CONSTRICTOR Boa constrictor 3 19 BROWN VINE S. or BEJUQUILLA CAFÉ Oxybelis aeneus 2 20 GREEN V. SN. or BEJUQUILLA VERDE Oxybelis fulgidus 1 21 BUSHMASTER Lachesis muta 1 22 TIGER RAT SNAKE Spilotes pullatus 2 23 Unidentified SNAKE species 7 x 24 GREEN PARROT SNAKE Leptophis ahaetulla 2 25 SIPO Chironius grandisquamis 1 26 No common name yet -- split Erythrolamprus epinephelus 1 27 28 29 REPRESENTATIVE ARTHROPODS 30 Unidentified TARANTULA species 3 x 31 Unid. ORB -WEAVER SPIDER species 6 x 32 Unidentified SPIDER species 21 x 33 CHIGGERS or COLORADI. [larval stage] Eutrombicula spp. 20 x 34 Unidentified TICK species 4 x 35 LEAF -CUTTER ANT Atta cephalotes 21 x 36 ARMY ANT Eciton burchelli 19 x 37 ACACIA ANT PseudomyrmexPage 21 ferruginea 11 x 38 BULLET ANT or BALA Paraponera clavata 10 x 39 FIRE ANT Solenopsis spp. 7 40

PANAMA: CANOPY TOWER and EL VALLE -- January 4-16, 2018

COMMON NAME SCIENTIFIC NAME I II 1 CECROPIA or AZTECA ANT Azteca spp. 21 x 2 Unidentified ANT species 21 x 3 SUNDOWN CICADAS or CHICHARRAS Fidicina mannifera 10,9 x 4 ARBOREAL TERMITE Nasutitermes spp. 21 x 5 MOUND TERMITE 4 x 6 Unidentified WATER STRIDER species 10 x 7 Unidentified BUMBLEBEE species Bombus spp. 17 x 8 Unidentified WASP species 21 x 9 PARASITIC WASP 2 x 10 TARANTULA WASP Pepsis spp. 3 x 11 STINGLESS WASP 2 12 ORCHID BEE 1 13 PEGA PEGA BEE 14 x 14 HONEYBEE Apis spp. 3 15 FIDDLER CRAB Uca spp. 1 16 MANGROVE CRAB 9 x 17 Unidentified LAND CRAB species 3 18 SCORPION 1 19 ANT LION [larval stage] Mermeleon spp. 12 x 20 LARGE FOREST FLOOR MILLIPEDE Nyssodesmus python 5 21 Unidentified MILLIPEDE species 2 22 Unidentified STICK species 10 x 23 YELLOW-BANDED METALLIC BUG 1 24 Unidentified species 21 x 25 Unidentified COCKROACH species 14 x 26 ORNATE HELICOPTER DAMSELFLY Mecistogaster ornata 17 x 27 Unidentified DAMSELFLY species 20 x 28 AMBERWING DRAGONFLY Perithemis spp. 1 29 Unidentified DRAGONFLY species 21 x 30 Unidentified CRICKET species 3 x 31 Large purple GRASSHOPPER 4 32 Unidentified GRASSHOPPER species 21 x 33 Unidentified KATYDID species 13 x 34 Unidentified PRAYING species 12 35 Unidentified CATERPILLAR species 14 x 36 Unidentified FIREFLY species 11 37 Unidentified FLY species Page 22 20 x 38 Unidentified MOSQUITO species 21 x 39 Unidentified STINKBUG species 1 x 40 Unidentified WHIRLIGIG BEETLE species 1 x

PANAMA: CANOPY TOWER and EL VALLE -- January 4-16, 2018

COMMON NAME SCIENTIFIC NAME I II 1 Unidentified MOTH species 19 x 2 Unidentified LAND snail x 3 Unidentified WORM species x 4 Unidentified LEAFHOPPER species x 5 CALIGO or CREAM OWL BUTTERFLY Caligo memmon 21 x 6 MORPHO Morpho peleides 21 x 7 GLASS -WINGED BUTTERFLY Greta spp. 10 x 8 THOAS SWALLOWTAIL Heraclides thoas 1 9 KITE SWALLOWTAIL species 1 10 DORIS LONGWING Heliconius doris 2 11 MALACHITE BUTTERFLY Siproeta stelenes 1 12 MONARCH BUTTERFLY Danaus plexippus 1 13 BLUE CLEARWING 2 14 TUTIA CLEARWING Ceratinia tutia dorilla 1 15 GLASSY -WINGED SKIPPER Xenophanes tryxus 1 16 HECALE LONGWING Heliconius hecale 1 17 TIGER -STRIPED LONGWING Heliconius ismenius 1 x 18 BANDED PEACOCK Anartia fatima 2 x 19 CONFUSA TIGERWING Methona confusa x 20 Unidentified BUTTERFLY species 21 x 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 Page 23 38 39 40