Wehrmacht (Army, Armia) SS Polizei / Gendarmerie (Police, Policja)

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Wehrmacht (Army, Armia) SS Polizei / Gendarmerie (Police, Policja) Wehrmacht SS Polizei / Gendarmerie U.S. Army Dystynkcje 1919-39 Stopnie wojskowie NATO (Army, Armia) (Police, Policja) (Polish army 1919-39) (Polish army 2004) code Soldat, SS-Mann, Unterwachtmeister, Private E-1 (PV1) szeregowiec szeregowy OR-1 Obersoldat SS-Oberschütze (Waffen-SS) Rottwachtmeister Gefreiter SS-Sturmmann Wachtmeister Private E-2 (PV2) starszy szeregowiec starszy szeregowy OR-2 Obergefreiter SS-Rottenführer Oberwachtmeister Private First Class (PFC) kapral kapral OR-3 Stabsgefreiter - - Corporal plutonowy1 starszy kapral, plutonowy OR-4 Unteroffizier SS-Unterscharführer Revieroberwachtmeister Sergeant sierżant / wachmistrz sierżant OR-5 Unterfeldwebel, SS-Scharführer, Hauptwachtmeister, Staff Sergeant, starszy sierżant starszy sierżant OR-6 Feldwebel SS-Oberscharführer Meister Technical Sergeant Ober-, Hauptfeldwebel SS-Hauptscharführer - Sergeant First Class młodszy chorąży OR-7 Stabsfeldwebel SS-Sturmscharführer - Master Sergeant chorąży chorąży OR-8 Oberstabsfeldwebel SS-Stabsscharführer - Sergeant Major starszy chorąży starszy chorąży, - sztabowy OR-9 Leutnant SS-(Unter)Sturmführer Leutnant Second Lieutenant podporucznik podporucznik OF-1 Oberleutnant SS-Obersturmführer Oberleutnant (First) Lieutenant porucznik porucznik Hauptmann, Rittmeister SS-Hauptsturmführer Hauptmann Captain kapitan, rotmistrz kapitan OF-2 Major SS-Sturmbannführer Major Major major major OF-3 Oberstleutnant SS-Obersturmbannführer Oberstleutnant Lieutenant Colonel podpułkownik podpułkownik OF-4 Oberst SS-Standartenführer, Oberst Colonel pułkownik pułkownik OF-5 SS-Oberführer Generalmajor SS-Brigadeführer Generalmajor Brigadier General generał brygady generał brygady OF-6 Generalleutnant SS-Gruppenführer Generalleutnant Major General generał dywizji generał dywizji OF-7 General SS-Obergruppenführer General Lieutenant-General generał broni generał broni OF-8 Generaloberst SS-Oberst-Gruppenführer Generaloberst General generał generał OF-9 Generalfeldmarschall2 Reichsführer-SS und Chef der Deutschen Polizei General of the Army Marszałek Polski - OF-10 Quellen/Sources/Źródła: u.a. Brandon, Ray and Lower, Wendy (eds.):The Shoah in Ukraine: history, testimony, memorialization. Bloomington, 2008, S. 355; Wikipedia DE/EN/PL; Übersicht über die Dienstgrade der deutschen Wehrmacht, der Waffen-SS, der deutschen Polizei und der SA sowie der U.S.Army und der Royal Air Force und des österreichischen Bundesheeres zum Vergleich, https://www.uibk.ac.at/zeitgeschichte/zis/library/dienstgrade.html; STANAG 2116 (5.ed,): NATO codes for ranks of Military personnel https://hhk.uni-nke.hu/document/hhk-uni- nke-hu/NATO_CODES_OF_RANKS.pdf, https://www.polishforcesinbritain.info/PolishRanks.htm ; https://de.zxc.wiki/wiki/Dienstgrade_der_polnischen_Streitkr%C3%A4fte 1 Plutonowy = Zugunteroffizier, Platoon Officer; starszy kapral = Unterfeldwebel. Kapral, starszy kapral und plutonowy: in der polnischen Armee als „jüngere Unteroffiziere“ eingruppiert 2 Reichsmarschall (1940): übergeordneter Titel nur für Göring; superior title for Göring only; tytuł nadrzędny tylko dla Göringa.
Recommended publications
  • GURPS WWII Classic
    Doomed White Eagle AN E 23 SOURCEBOOK STEVE JACKSON GAMES FOR GURPS® FROM FOR 3 TO 6 PLAYERS Written by Michele Armellini and GURPS, Warehouse 23, and the all-seeing pyramid are registered trademarks of Steve Jack- Hans-Christian Vortisch son Games Incorporated. Pyramid, GURPS WWII: Doomed White Eagle, e23, and the names of all products published by Steve Jackson Games Incorporated are registered trademarks or Edited by Alain H. Dawson trademarks of Steve Jackson Games Incorporated, or used under license. Some art copyright © 2004 www.clipart.com. All rights reserved. GURPS WWII: Doomed White Eagle is copyright Additional material by Alain H. Dawson, © 2004 by Steve Jackson Games Incorporated. Michal Konwicki, and Grzegorz Franczak The scanning, uploading, and distribution of this material via the Internet or via any other Map by Ed Bourelle means without the permission of the publisher is illegal, and punishable by law. Please pur- chase only authorized electronic editions, and do not participate in or encourage the electronic Special thanks to Gene Seabolt piracy of copyrighted materials. Your support of the author’s rights is appreciated. and the Hellions STEVE JACKSON GAMES e23.sjgames.com ® Stock #82-0141 Version 1.0 August 16, 2004 TABLE OF CONENTS INTRODUCTION . 3 SMALL ARMS . 29 About GURPS . 3 Weapon Descriptions . 29 The Stenów . 30 1. POLAND AT WAR . 4 ARTILLERY . 31 100mm Skoda wz. 14/16P . 31 FREE, A CENTURY LATE . 4 Birth of a State . 4 THE GARAGE . 32 Troubled Times . 5 Polski FIAT PF508/III Lazik . 32 Between Angry, Hungry Neighbors . 6 Samochód Pancerny wz. 34 .
    [Show full text]
  • Wings of War & Wings of Glory
    WINGS OF WAR & WINGS OF GLORY World War 1 Complete Contents List 1. Wings of War: Famous Aces (2004) CONTENTS 5 player mats 2 rulers 1 "A" damage deck 4 manuever decks: A, B, C, & D 32 counters for tracking damage conditions 1 Rulebook 22 Airplane cards: SPAD XIII Captain Edward Vernon Rickenbacker 94th Aerosquadron U.S. Air Service SPAD XIII Capitano Fulco Ruffo di Calabria 91^ Squadriglia Regio Esercito SPAD XIII Capitaine René Paul Fonck Spa 103 Aviation Militaire SPAD XIII Capitaine Georges Guynemer Spa 3 Aviation Militaire SPAD XIII Maggiore Francesco Baracca 91^ Squadriglia Regio Esercito Albatros D.Va Leutnant Ludwig Weber Jasta 84 Luftstreitskräfte Albatros D.Va Leutnant Hans Böhning Jasta 79b Luftstreitskräfte Albatros D.Va Oberleutnant Ernst Udet Jasta 37 Luftstreitskräfte Albatros D.Va Vizefeldwebel Kurt Jentsch Jasta 61 Luftstreitskräfte Sopwith Camel Oberleutnant Otto Kissenberth Jasta 23 Luftstreitskräfte Sopwith Camel Flight Sub-Lieutenant Aubrey Beauclerk Ellwood 3 Naval Royal Naval Air Service Sopwith Camel Lieutenant Stuart Douglas Culley Experimental Centre of Martlesham Heath Royal Air Force Sopwith Camel Major William George Barker 66 Squadron Royal Flying Corps Sopwith Camel Lieutenant Jan Olieslagers 9me Escadrille de Chasse Aviation Militaire (Belgium) Fokker Dr.I Rittmeister Manfred von Richthofen Jasta 11 Luftstreitskräfte Fokker Dr.I Leutnant Fritz Kempf Jasta 2 “Boelcke” Luftstreitskräfte Fokker Dr.I Leutnant Arthur Rahn Jasta 19 Luftstreitskräfte Fokker Dr.I Leutnant Werner Voss Jasta 29 Luftstreitskräfte
    [Show full text]
  • Stanislaviv in the Face of the Polish-Soviet War 1939 Polish Garrison – Soviet Garrison
    Open Military Studies 2020; 1: 70–78 Research Article Maciej Franz* Stanislaviv in the face of the Polish-Soviet War 1939 Polish Garrison – Soviet Garrison https://10.1515/openms-2020-0107 Received Oct 07, 2020; accepted Dec 11, 2020 Abstract: In 1921-1939 Stanyslaviv was one the bigger polish garrisons. The approach of the war the reason for leaving the town by polish troops. In September of 1939 the garrison in Stanyslaviv was rather small, consisting of small logistic units. Until now the historians have been interested in the face of this particular garrison in those few September days of 1939th. This is an attempt to showcase the most important events that happened while the polish troops were stationed in town and were still trying to provide peace and safety it and its people. Keywords: Polish troops, polish campaign, 1939, Second World War The Polish campaign of 1939, as the first episode of World War II, was not the same in all parts of Poland. For the inhabitants of Stanislaviv and a significant part of the Stanislaviv Voivodeship, it did not turn out to be a war against the Third Reich, but Soviet aggression – it is another episode on the long list of Polish- Russian armed conflicts in history. For people who lived in the western, southern and northern provinces of the Second Polish Republic, the war immediately took on a normal appearance. Air raids by enemy planes began, as a result – bombing, and a few days later the front was changed. The symbols of those days were mass groups of soldiers moving through these territories, both Polish soldiers who had to defend their homeland and those Germans who sought to conquer the Polish state.
    [Show full text]
  • They Fought for Independent Poland
    2019 Special edition PISMO CODZIENNE Independence Day, November 11, 2019 FREE AGAIN! THEY FOUGHT FOR INDEPENDENT POLAND Dear Readers, The day of November 11 – the National Independence Day – is not accidentally associated with the Polish military uni- form, its symbolism and traditions. Polish soldiers on almost all World War I fronts “threw on the pyre their lives’ fate.” When the Polish occupiers were drown- ing in disasters and revolutions, white- and-red flags were fluttering on Polish streets to mark Poland’s independence. The Republic of Poland was back on the map of Europe, although this was only the beginning of the battle for its bor- ders. Józef Piłsudski in his first order to the united Polish Army shared his feeling of joy with his soldiers: “I’m taking com- mand of you, Soldiers, at the time when the heart of every Pole is beating stron- O God! Thou who from on high ger and faster, when the children of our land have seen the sun of freedom in all its Hurls thine arrows at the defenders of the nation, glory.” He never promised them any bat- We beseech Thee, through this heap of bones! tle laurels or well-merited rest, though. On the contrary – he appealed to them Let the sun shine on us, at least in death! for even greater effort in their service May the daylight shine forth from heaven’s bright portals! for Poland. And they never let him down Let us be seen - as we die! when in 1920 Poland had to defend not only its own sovereignty, but also entire Europe against flooding bolshevism.
    [Show full text]
  • US Military Ranks and Units
    US Military Ranks and Units Modern US Military Ranks The table shows current ranks in the US military service branches, but they can serve as a fair guide throughout the twentieth century. Ranks in foreign military services may vary significantly, even when the same names are used. Many European countries use the rank Field Marshal, for example, which is not used in the United States. Pay Army Air Force Marines Navy and Coast Guard Scale Commissioned Officers General of the ** General of the Air Force Fleet Admiral Army Chief of Naval Operations Army Chief of Commandant of the Air Force Chief of Staff Staff Marine Corps O-10 Commandant of the Coast General Guard General General Admiral O-9 Lieutenant General Lieutenant General Lieutenant General Vice Admiral Rear Admiral O-8 Major General Major General Major General (Upper Half) Rear Admiral O-7 Brigadier General Brigadier General Brigadier General (Commodore) O-6 Colonel Colonel Colonel Captain O-5 Lieutenant Colonel Lieutenant Colonel Lieutenant Colonel Commander O-4 Major Major Major Lieutenant Commander O-3 Captain Captain Captain Lieutenant O-2 1st Lieutenant 1st Lieutenant 1st Lieutenant Lieutenant, Junior Grade O-1 2nd Lieutenant 2nd Lieutenant 2nd Lieutenant Ensign Warrant Officers Master Warrant W-5 Chief Warrant Officer 5 Master Warrant Officer Officer 5 W-4 Warrant Officer 4 Chief Warrant Officer 4 Warrant Officer 4 W-3 Warrant Officer 3 Chief Warrant Officer 3 Warrant Officer 3 W-2 Warrant Officer 2 Chief Warrant Officer 2 Warrant Officer 2 W-1 Warrant Officer 1 Warrant Officer Warrant Officer 1 Blank indicates there is no rank at that pay grade.
    [Show full text]
  • The Last Will and Testament of Józef Haller**
    ARTICLES Klio . Czasopismo poświęcone dziejom Polski i powszechnym PL ISSN 1643-8191, t . 55 (S)/2020, s . 307–317 http://dx .doi .org/10 .12775/KLIO .2020 .045 Robert Litwiński* The last will and testament of Józef Haller** Summary: Józef Haller’s family had great military and philanthropic traditions . This kind of attitude was characteristic of the General himself, too . The below presented source edition is the General’s last will, prepared as an official notarial act, signed on 11 March, 1926 in Zakopane . It is a private testament, considering the instructions concerning the General’s estate and provision for his closest family members – his wife, Anna, and son Eryk . Keywords: General Józef Haller, last will and testament, source edition ózef Władysław Haller de Hallenburg (“Mazowiecki”) was born on J13 August 1973 in Jurczyce estates, near Krakow . He was a son of Hen- ryk – of landed gentry, and Olga née Treter 1. His father was a participant * The paper was originally published as Testament generała Józefa Hallera, “Klio” 2016, vol . 36 (1), pp . 127–138, DOI: 10 .12775/KLIO .2016 .007 . Institute of History, UMCS in Lublin, Pl . M . Curie-Skłodowskiej 4a, 20–031 Lublin; robert .litwinski@poczta .umcs .lublin .pl; ORCID: 0000–0002–5615–4450 . ** T/A For the sake of clarity and to facilitate further investigations of the facts given in the source commentary below the names of the institutions, often found in the Polish sources only, are also provided in their original Polish notation . 307 Robert Litwiński of the January Uprising, general manager of Noble Credit Association (Pl .
    [Show full text]
  • Feldmarszałek Porucznik Czy Generał Dywizji? Przekład Nazw Austro-Węgierskich Stopni Wojskowych1
    Niniejsza publikacja jest dostępną na licencji Creative Commons. Uznanie autorstwa-Użycie niekomercyjne-Bez utworów zależnych 3.0 Polska. Pewne prawa zastrzeżone na rzecz autora. Zezwala się na wykorzystanie publikacji zgodnie z licencją – pod warunkiem zachowania niniejszej informacji licencyjnej oraz wskazania autora jako właściciela praw do tekstu. Treść licencji jest dostępna na stronie: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/pl/ Lingwistyka Stosowana 13: 2015, 103–111 Wojciech WŁOSKOWICZ Instytut Slawistyki PAN Feldmarszałek porucznik czy generał dywizji? 1 Przekład nazw austro-węgierskich stopni wojskowych Abstract: Feldmarszałek porucznik (Lieutenant Field Marshal) or generał dywizji (Major General)? Translat- ing Austro-Hungarian Military Rank Names into Polish The lack of Polish fixed equivalents of Austro-Hungarian military rank names is caused by the fact that these terms are culture-bound elements that belong to the historical legal reality and by the incongruence of A-H and Polish (conceptual) military rank systems. This lack leaves a great multitude of possible solu- tions. In the article the compared systems of military ranks are perceived as systems of concepts and ana- lyzed in terms of Jost Trier’s lexical field theory. This approach is supported with some examples of mon- olingual dictionary definitions of military ranks that are clearly based on an item’s relations within a field. Despite some etymological parallels between A-H and Polish military rank names the systems they consti- tute belong to different “traditions” of military terminology — respectively to the German and French — which is to be observed mainly in the names of general ranks. Being bilateral signs, the rank names allow different translation solutions that constitute a continuum spread between two poles: a formal and a con- ceptual one that are analogous to the poles of formal and dynamic (conceptual) equivalence.
    [Show full text]
  • Army Abbreviations
    Army Abbreviations Abbreviation Rank Descripiton 1LT FIRST LIEUTENANT 1SG FIRST SERGEANT 1ST BGLR FIRST BUGLER 1ST COOK FIRST COOK 1ST CORP FIRST CORPORAL 1ST LEADER FIRST LEADER 1ST LIEUT FIRST LIEUTENANT 1ST LIEUT ADC FIRST LIEUTENANT AIDE-DE-CAMP 1ST LIEUT ADJT FIRST LIEUTENANT ADJUTANT 1ST LIEUT ASST SURG FIRST LIEUTENANT ASSISTANT SURGEON 1ST LIEUT BN ADJT FIRST LIEUTENANT BATTALION ADJUTANT 1ST LIEUT REGTL QTR FIRST LIEUTENANT REGIMENTAL QUARTERMASTER 1ST LT FIRST LIEUTENANT 1ST MUS FIRST MUSICIAN 1ST OFFICER FIRST OFFICER 1ST SERG FIRST SERGEANT 1ST SGT FIRST SERGEANT 2 CL PVT SECOND CLASS PRIVATE 2 CL SPEC SECOND CLASS SPECIALIST 2D CORP SECOND CORPORAL 2D LIEUT SECOND LIEUTENANT 2D SERG SECOND SERGEANT 2LT SECOND LIEUTENANT 2ND LT SECOND LIEUTENANT 3 CL SPEC THIRD CLASS SPECIALIST 3D CORP THIRD CORPORAL 3D LIEUT THIRD LIEUTENANT 3D SERG THIRD SERGEANT 3RD OFFICER THIRD OFFICER 4 CL SPEC FOURTH CLASS SPECIALIST 4 CORP FOURTH CORPORAL 5 CL SPEC FIFTH CLASS SPECIALIST 6 CL SPEC SIXTH CLASS SPECIALIST ACTG HOSP STEW ACTING HOSPITAL STEWARD ADC AIDE-DE-CAMP ADJT ADJUTANT ARMORER ARMORER ART ARTIF ARTILLERY ARTIFICER ARTIF ARTIFICER ASST BAND LDR ASSISTANT BAND LEADER ASST ENGR CAC ASSISTANT ENGINEER ASST QTR MR ASSISTANT QUARTERMASTER ASST STEWARD ASSISTANT STEWARD ASST SURG ASSISTANT SURGEON AUX 1 CL SPEC AUXILARY 1ST CLASS SPECIALIST AVN CADET AVIATION CADET BAND CORP BAND CORPORAL BAND LDR BAND LEADER BAND SERG BAND SERGEANT BG BRIGADIER GENERAL BGLR BUGLER BGLR 1 CL BUGLER 1ST CLASS BLKSMITH BLACKSMITH BN COOK BATTALION COOK BN
    [Show full text]
  • State Police First Lieutenant
    MICHIGAN CIVIL SERVICE COMMISSION JOB SPECIFICATION STATE POLICE FIRST LIEUTENANT JOB DESCRIPTION Employees in this job are commissioned, enlisted officers of the Michigan Department of State Police, fully empowered to enforce the general criminal laws of the state. Employees serve as administrative supervisors or specialists responsible for the enforcement of all traffic and criminal laws, the protection of life and property, and the provision of related services to the public. All ECP Group 4 positions must be designated as such by the Appointing Authority and approved by Civil Service. There is one classification in this job. Position Code Title - State Police First Lieutenant State Police First Lieutenant 15 The employee functions either as a second-line supervisor of subordinate law enforcement officers, or subordinate detective positions or other professional-equivalent positions; as a first-line supervisor in a complex work area; as a specialist serving in a specialized area of law enforcement, reporting to an administrative official or higher level position; or serving as an administrative assistant to an administrative official. NOTE: There are three concepts for the State Police First Lieutenant classification: First Lieutenant: The employee functions as a second-line supervisor of subordinate law enforcement officers; or as a first-line supervisor of subordinate law enforcement officers in a complex work area. Detective First Lieutenant: The employee functions as a second-line supervisor of subordinate detective positions or
    [Show full text]
  • Second Lieutenant Jan Bolbott
    Humanities and Social Sciences 2015 HSS, vol. XX, 22 (2/2015), pp. 177-190 April - June Dariusz SZYMANOWSKI1 SECOND LIEUTENANT JAN BOŁBOTT FIGHTING IN “TYNNE” SECTION In the presented article, for the first time for many years, there have been made a partial analysis of events in „Tynne” section after the Soviet invasion on Poland on the 17th of September 1939. Based on many sources, the author undertook a verification of the adjudications referring to the question, where the district “Tynne Wieś” commander, 2nd Lieut. Jan Bołbott was during the fights, where, when and how he died. The author based on: the report of “Tynne” sector commander, Capt. Edmund Emil Markiewicz, reports of other soldiers of fortress battalion KOP “Sarny”, who survived the war and other people, as well as archival sources that he got to and field research. According to the new adjudications, 2nd Lieut. Jan Bołbott during the fights was in pillbox No. 4 “Pies”, located just by the Słucz River, near to the ferroconcrete bridge (“the small bridge”), which had not been damaged before the Red Army’s attack. It is accepted, that in the casemate the commander of “Tynne Wieś” had fallen with its crew during the Soviet sappers’ assault on the casemate. However, it cannot be excluded, that he survived the storm and was executed at the area of Sochaki forest, Berducha farm or somewhere else. It was determined, that the assault occurred on the 19th of September 1939, probably at the forenoon. The conclusions and hypothesis from the article ought to be verified. The first research has already been conducted by Stowarzyszenie “Wizna 1939” and these adjudications are partly confirmed.
    [Show full text]
  • Officers – Protestants in the Polish Crown Army in the Second Half of the 17 Century
    HISTORIA I ŚWIAT, nr 7 (2018) ISSN 2299 - 2464 Mirosław NAGIELSKI (University of Warsaw, Poland) Officers – Protestants in the Polish Crown army in the second half of the 17th century Key words: Protestants, Officers, the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, Reformation Research on the confession of the officers serving in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth army in the 17th century is limited only to a few articles or fragments of larger monographs concerning the officer corps in the abovementioned period1. This issue was addressed by the participants of the conference which was held in Cracow, dedicated to different religions in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. There in the printed materials we find several articles referring to the topic we are interested in. The process of confessionalization in the army was noticed by R. Frost2. He pointed out that the foreigners – Protestants – served mainly in the Foreign autorament (reiters, dragoons and German-type infantry) which increased conflicts and lack of trust between the two types of army, i.e. the pospolite ruszenie (Noble Host), evident especially after the end of the war with Sweden in 16603. In turn, M. Nagielski drew attention to the large haul in the era of the Deluge from the Swedish and Brandenburg captives in the years 1656-1658 when the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth rebuilt the types of troops included in the foreign levy4. “After the will and captivity”, officers, non-commissioned officers, like simple soldiers, chose to serve in the Polish ranks when they were threatened with death in the event of refusal, as conceived by a well-known officer of the Swedish reiter and then serving in the regiment of the Grand Marshal of the Crown, Jerzy Lubomirski – Hieronim Christian Holsten5.
    [Show full text]
  • Arxiv:1804.02448V1 [Math.HO] 6 Apr 2018 OIHMTEAIIN N AHMTC in MATHEMATICS and MATHEMATICIANS POLISH E Od N Phrases
    POLISH MATHEMATICIANS AND MATHEMATICS IN WORLD WAR I STANISLAW DOMORADZKI AND MALGORZATA STAWISKA Contents 1. Introduction 2 2. Galicja 7 2.1. Krak´ow 7 2.2. Lw´ow 14 3. The Russian empire 20 3.1. Warsaw 20 3.2. St. Petersburg (Petrograd) 28 3.3. Moscow 29 3.4. Kharkov 32 3.5. Kiev 33 3.6. Yuryev(Dorpat;Tartu) 36 4. Poles in other countries 37 References 40 Abstract. In this article we present diverse experiences of Pol- ish mathematicians (in a broad sense) who during World War I fought for freedom of their homeland or conducted their research and teaching in difficult wartime circumstances. We first focus on those affiliated with Polish institutions of higher education: the ex- isting Universities in Lw´ow in Krak´ow and the Lw´ow Polytechnics arXiv:1804.02448v1 [math.HO] 6 Apr 2018 (Austro-Hungarian empire) as well as the reactivated University of Warsaw and the new Warsaw Polytechnics (the Polish Kingdom, formerly in the Russian empire). Then we consider the situations of Polish mathematicians in the Russian empire and other coun- tries. We discuss not only individual fates, but also organizational efforts of many kinds (teaching at the academic level outside tradi- tional institutions– in Society for Scientific Courses in Warsaw and in Polish University College in Kiev; scientific societies in Krak´ow, Lw´ow, Moscow and Kiev; publishing activities) in order to illus- trate the formation of modern Polish mathematical community. Date: April 10, 2018. 2010 Mathematics Subject Classification. 01A60; 01A70, 01A73, 01A74. Key words and phrases. Polish mathematical community, World War I.
    [Show full text]