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Mouse Anaphylaxis and Schultz-Dale Reaction of the Mouse Smooth Muscle University of Montana ScholarWorks at University of Montana Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers Graduate School 1959 Mouse anaphylaxis and Schultz-Dale reaction of the mouse smooth muscle Maung Maung The University of Montana Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.umt.edu/etd Let us know how access to this document benefits ou.y Recommended Citation Maung, Maung, "Mouse anaphylaxis and Schultz-Dale reaction of the mouse smooth muscle" (1959). Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers. 6539. https://scholarworks.umt.edu/etd/6539 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at ScholarWorks at University of Montana. It has been accepted for inclusion in Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks at University of Montana. For more information, please contact [email protected]. MOUSE ANAPHYLAXIS AND SCHULTZ^DALE REACTION OF THE MOUSE SMOOTH MUSCLE MAUNG MAUNG BoSCo, University of Rangoon, 1952, B.S» (Med, Tech. Montana State University, 1958 Presented in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science Montana State University 1959 Approved by: irma_[L,— Beard of Examiners Dean, Graduate School FEB 1 C I960 Date UMI Number: EP37340 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. UMI PuWiahinfli UMI EP37340 Published by ProQuest LLC (2013). Copyright in the Dissertation held by the Author. Microform Edition © ProQuest LLC. All rights reserved. This work is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code Proj^^sf ProQuest LLC. 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106- 1346 TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE C ICn O 1 G d ^ G IHG n t ooooooaosovooooooeeo V 1 List of Tables » □ . » o . o . o . » . c . » vil List of Figures, , , . , , . viii CHAPTER I. INTRODUCTION 1 CHAPTER II. STATEMENT OF PROBLEMS 1? CHAPTER III. MATERIALS AND METHODS, 16 MlOe *,eoooo,,oo.,oQ,ooo,.oo 1^^ Au t ZL g e U , ,000*0 ,OOOOOOO0Ou<>,O 16 An t 1 b O c3.OOOuO, 000000000000*00 16 B o jDe^r^^tiLis^s^^i^^ cells o □ o o o * o , * * * * « , , . 16 Physiological solutions , . , o , . , , . , 16 Tyrode“s solution , . , . , . * . , 17 Serotonin ooooo*eo,o**ooo*@o,, 17 Antlserotonln compounds . , . , . , , . l8 A n 12_ hi s ta rnln.e s,oo*oo*,**ooooooo, 18 Botulinum t oxin soooooooo**o*o*o*o 1 ^ Schultz-Dale Apparatus. , . • . , . , , , , 19 Schultz-Dale reaction: Passive sensitization . , , . * . , . , . 22 Active sensitization, . , . , , , , , , 22 Challenging dose, . , . , , , , . , , . 22 B o p^^r tussis treat me nt 0000, 0** 00, , . * 22 Assessment of Schultz-Dale reaction . , . , , . , 22 11 Ill PAGE Application of toxins .............. 23 Mouse anaphylaxis . » . , , , « . « « o ^ o . « 23 Passive sensitization , » » o » . « 23 Active sensitization» » 24- Challenging dose...................... » » . » 24- B » pertussis treatment, . ............. » . 24- Assessment of anaphylactic shock, , 24- CHAPTER IVo EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS. » 25 lo Preliminary studies. Experiment 1. Passive sensitization with rabbit antibody . .......... 25 Experiment 2. Passive sensitization with mouse antibody. ....... ........... 25 Experiment 3» Active sensitization .... 28 II. Passive sensitization. Experiment 4-. Quantity of mouse antibody required for the production of Schultz- Dale reaction in normal and B. pertussls- treated mice...o........... 31 Experiment 5» Quantity of antigen required for the production of Schultz-Dale reac­ tion in mice. ....... ............. 3^ III. Active sensitization. Experiment 6. Development of the Schultz- Dale reaction in uteri of normal and Iv PAGE B. pertussis-treated mice actively sensitized with Ea .................. 3^ IV. Studies with serotonin, antiserotonins, antihistamines and various drugs. Experiment 7. Reactivity of mouse uteri to serotonin........................ 37 Experiment 8. Inhibition of serotonin contraction with LSD, BOL and UML .... h2 Experiment 9* Inhibition of the Schultz- Dale reaction with antiserotonins . 42 Experiment 10. Inhibition of the Schultz Dale reaction with antihistamines .... 49 Experiment 11. Effect of antihistamines on the contraction of smooth muscle produced by serotonin .................... 49 Experiment 12. Inhibition of the Schultz- Dale reaction with various drugs......... 52 Vo Effect of botulinum toxin on the Schultz- Dale reaction. Experiment 13- Inhibition of Schultz-Dale reaction by botulinum toxin, type A, B, C D, and E ................................... 55 Experiment l4. Minimal amount of crystalline toxin type A required to in­ hibit Schultz-Dale reaction ............. 61 V PAGE VI. Protection against anaphylactic shock in mice by antiserotonins and various compounds. Experiment 1?. A quantitative study of passive anaphylaxis in the mouse.......... 64 Experiment 16. Effect of antiserotonins on anaphylaxis in mice............... 66 Experiment 17. Effect of thorazine and nembutal on anaphylaxis in mice ..... 66 VII. Effect of temperature on the susceptibility of mice to passive anaphylaxis. Experiment l8. The effect of cold stress on the susceptibility of normal and B. pertussis-treated mice to passive anaphylaxis ............................ 69 Experiment 19. Inhibition of Anaphylaxis in mice by epinephrine. ............. 71 CHAPTER V. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION................. 73 CHAPTER VI. S U M M A R Y .......... 85 BIBLIOGRAPHY ............................................ 88 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT The author wishes to extend his sincere apprecia­ tion to Dr. J. Munoz, Chairman, Department of Microbiology and Public Health, Montana State University, for advice and guidance during graduate work. The author is indebted to the staff of the Stella Duncan Laboratory, especially to Dr. R. L. Anacker, for helpful suggestions throughout this investigation and to Mrs. Ruth Haugland for typing this thesis. vi LIST OF TABLES PAGE TABLE 1.............................................. 26 TABLE II.............................................. 32 TABLE... III.............................................. 35 TABLE IV.............................................. 38 TABLE V .............................................. ^1 TABLE.... VI .............................................. TABLE... VII.............................................. h7 TABLE..VIII.............................................. 50 TABLE IX.............................................. 53 TABLE..... X .............................................. 56 TABLE.... XI.............................................. 59 TABLE... XII.............................................. 62 TABLE..XIII.............................................. 65 TABLE... XIV.............................................. 67 TABLE.... XV.............................................. 68 TABLE XVI.............................................. 70 TABLE..XVII.............................................. 72 vli LIST OF FIGURES PAGE FIGURE 1 ................................................. 20 FIGURE 2 ................................................. 27 FIGURE 3 ................................................. 29 FIGURE k-................................................. 30 FIGURE 5 ................................................. 33 FIGURE 5 ................................................. 36 FIGURE 7 ................................................. 39 FIGURE 8 ................................................. l+O FIGURE 9 ................................................. 1+3 FIGURE 1 0 ...................................... .. If 5 FIGURE 11................................................. 48 FIGURE 1 2 .............. 51 FIGURE 1 3 ................................................. 54 FIGURE I 4 ................................................. 57 FIGURE 1 5 ................................................. 60 FIGURE 1 6 ........................... 63 FIGURE 17................................................. 79 vlli CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION Anaphylaxis was apparently first reported in 1839 by Magendie (1) who noted the sudden death of animals repeatedly injected with egg albumin. Several other in­ vestigators also observed a similar phenomenon during the nineteenth century, but no systematic study was made until Richet and his co-worker (2) rediscovered the phenomenon. They attempted to immunize dogs by repeated injections of eel serum or an extract of sea anemone tentacles, both of which are toxic. Richet observed that dogs which had survived a single injection of the above extract might succumb rapidly and with a curious and characteristic symptom complex to a second injection of the same material given after days or weeks. Since the situation appeared to represent the reverse of prophylaxis, Richet designated it "anaphylaxis." At about the same time, Theobald Smith had noted the abnormal sensitivity of guinea pigs to widely spaced injections of toxin-antitoxin mixtures. He communicated these observations to Ehrlich in 190^5 and Otto in 1905 published the results obtained in a detailed study of this phenomenon ( ^ ) . He showed that the horse serum in the mixtures, not the toxin, was the essential agent; that an 1 2 interval of ten days elapsed after the sensitizing dose
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