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Oxfordian and Late Callovian Ammonite Faunas and Biostratigraphy of the Neuquén-Mendoza and Tarapacá Basins (Jurassic, Ammonoidea, Western South-America)

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Oxfordian and Late Callovian Ammonite Faunas and Biostratigraphy of the Neuquén-Mendoza and Tarapacá Basins (Jurassic, Ammonoidea, Western South-America) Boletín del Instituto de Fisiografía y Geología 76(1-2), 2006. OXFORDIAN AND LATE CALLOVIAN AMMONITE FAUNAS AND BIOSTRATIGRAPHY OF THE NEUQUÉN-MENDOZA AND TARAPACÁ BASINS (JURASSIC, AMMONOIDEA, WESTERN SOUTH-AMERICA) Horacio PARENT Boletín Parent H., 2006. Oxfordian and late Callovian ammonite faunas and biostratigraphy of the Neuquén-Mendoza del Instituto de and Tarapacá basins (Jurassic, Ammonoidea, western South-America). Boletín del Instituto de Fisiografía y Fisiografía y Geología Geología 76(1-2): 1-70. Rosario, 01-10-2006. ISSN 1666-115X. Abstract.- During the Jurassic Period in the western border of Gondwana settled the Neuquén-Mendoza and Tarapacá basins, separated by the “Antofagasta Land”. In these basins there is a thick record of marine rocks with ammonites of the interval late Callovian-late Oxfordian (considering the Oxfordian/Kimmeridgian boundary at the base of the Platynota Zone of the primary international chronostratigraphic scale). The rocks of this interval are included in the Lotena, La Manga, Barda Negra (subsurface) and Auquilco formations. The ammonite faunas of the Neuquén-Mendoza Basin, their stratigraphic distribution and their relationships with those of the Tarapacá Basin and other regions of the world were poorly known in this interval of the Jurassic. In this report are presented the results of the first comprehensive study of the ammonite faunas and their biostratigraphy in these basins. The name Araucanian Sea is here introduced for the marine system of the Neuquén-Mendoza Basin, and Tarapacá Sea for the marine system of the homonymous basin. A new formal biostratigraphic classification is introduced for the Neuquén-Mendoza Basin, based on the revision of all the antecedents published, description of several species of ammonites and analysis of their succession. The studied ammonites belong to the following genera: Lissoceratoides Spath, Oxycerites Rollier, Hecticoceras Bonarelli, ?Taramelliceras Del Campana, Trimarginites Rollier, Neoprionoceras Spath, Neocampylites Callomon, Rehmannia Schirardin, Peltoceras Waagen, Peltoceratoides Spath, Euaspidoceras Spath (including E. veranadaense n. sp. and E. tarapacaense n. sp.), Cubaspidoceras Myczyński, Choffatia Siemiradzki, Pseudopeltoceras Spath, ?Alligaticeras Buckman, Perisphinctes Waagen (including P. hillebrandti n. sp.), Subvinalesphinctes Wierzbowski, Cubasphinctes Chudoley & Furrazola, Passsendorferia Brochwicz-Lewinski, Lithacosphinctes Olóriz, ?Orthosphinctes Schindewolf, and Araucanites Westermann & Riccardi (including A. prereyesi n. sp.). The biostratigraphic classification proposed is based on the subdivision of the interval in six first-occurrence-biozones (with the conjugated homonymous, non-standard chronozones): Patagoniense Bz. (index species: Rehmannia patagoniense; age: late Callovian), Pressulus Bz. (index species: Peltoceratoides pressulus; age: early Oxfordian), Pseudokranaus Bz. (index species: Subvinalesphinctes pseudokranaus; age: early middle Oxfordian, Plicatilis Zone), Passendorferia Bz. (index species: Passendorferia cf. teresiformis; age: middle Oxfordian, Transversarium - ?early Bifurcatus zones), Tarapacaense Bz. (index species: Euaspidoceras tarapacaense n. sp.; age: middle Oxfordian, Bifurcatus - early Bimammatum zones), and Desertorum Bz. (index species: Lithacosphinctes desertorum; age: late Oxfordian, Bimammatum - Planula zones). The Lithacosphinctes aff. janus Horizon is introduced, comprising beds of the lower part of the Auquilco Fm. in Chacay Melehué and Rahuecó. The Patagoniense Zone may be correlated with the “Athleta” and Primus Zones of the Tarapacá Basin; the Pressulus Z. with the Dimorphosus, Eugenii and Dunkeri zones; the Pseudokranaus and Passendorferia zones with the “Transversarium” Zone; the Tarapacaense and Desertorum zones are defined in the Tarapacá Basin and are represented in the Neuquén- Mendoza Basin. Key-words: Western South America, late Callovian, Oxfordian, Ammonites, Biostratigraphy, Biogeography. Resúmen.- Faunas de amonites y bioestratigrafía del Caloviano tardío y Oxfordiano de las Cuencas Neuquén-Mendoza y Tarapacá (Jurásico, Ammonoidea, América del Sur occidental). Durante el Período Jurásico en el borde occidental del Gondwana se desarrollaron las cuencas Neuquén-Mendoza y Tarapacá, separadas por la “Tierra de Antofagasta”. En estas cuencas existe un importante registro de rocas marinas con amonites del intervalo Caloviano tardío-Oxfordiano tardío (considerando el límite Oxfordiano/Kimmeridgiano como la base de la Zona Platynota del estándar cronoestratigráfico primario internacional). Las rocas de este intervalo son incluídas en las Formaciones Lotena, La Manga, Barda Negra (subsuelo) y Auquilco. Las faunas de amonites y su distribución estratigráfica en este intervalo del Jurásico para la Cuenca Neuqúen-Mendoza y sus relaciones con las de la Cuenca Tarapacá y otras regiones del mundo eran pobremente conocidas. En este informe se presentan los resultados del primer estudio sistemático y comprensivo de las faunas de amonites y su bioestratigrafía en estas cuencas. El nombre Mar Araucano es introducido para nombrar el sistema marino de la Cuenca Neuqúen-Mendoza, y Mar Tarapacá para el correspondiente a la Cuenca Tarapacá. Una nueva clasificación bioestratigráfica formal para la Cuenca Neuquén-Mendoza es introducida, basada en la revisión de todos los antecedentes publicados, la descripción de numerosas especies de amonites y el análisis de sus sucesiones estratigráficas. Los amonites estudiados pertenecen a los siguientes géneros: Lissoceratoides Spath, Oxycerites Rollier, Hecticoceras Bonarelli, ?Taramelliceras Del Campana, Trimarginites Rollier, Neoprionoceras Spath, Neocampylites Callomon, 2 H. PARENT - Andean Callovian and Oxfordian ammonites and biostratigraphy Rehmannia Schirardin, Peltoceras Waagen, Peltoceratoides Spath, Euaspidoceras Spath (incluyendo E. veranadaense n. sp. y E. tarapacaense n. sp.), Cubaspidoceras Myczyński, Choffatia Siemiradzki, Pseudopeltoceras Spath, ?Alligaticeras Buckman, Perisphinctes Waagen (incluyendo P. hillebrandti n. sp.), Subvinalesphinctes Wierzbowski, Cubasphinctes Chudoley & Furrazola, Passsendorferia Brochwicz-Lewinski, Lithacosphinctes Olóriz, ?Orthosphinctes Schindewolf, and Araucanites Westermann & Riccardi (incluyendo A. prereyesi n. sp.). La clasificación biostratratigráfica propuesta está basada en la subdivisión de este intervalo en seis biozonas de primera ocurrencia (con sus cronozonas conjugadas homónimas, no-estándar): Biozona Patagoniense (especie índice: Rehmannia patagoniense; edad: Caloviano tardío), Bz. Pressulus (especie índice: Peltoceratoides pressulus; Oxfordiano temprano), Bz. Pseudokranaus (especie índice: Subvinalesphinctes pseudokranaus; Oxfordiano medio, Zona Plicatilis), Bz. Passendorferia (especie índice: Passendorferia cf. teresiformis; Oxfordiano medio, zonas Transversarium - ?Bifurcatus temprana), Bz. Tarapacaense (especie índice: Euaspidoceras tarapacaense n. sp.; Oxfordiano medio, zonas Bifurcatus - Bimammatum temprana), y Bz. Desertorum (especie índice: Lithacosphinctes desertorum; Oxfordian tardío, zonas Bimammatum a Planula). Se introduce el Horizonte Lithacosphinctes aff. janus que comprende capas de la parte inferior de la Fm. Auquilco en Chacay Melehué y Rahuecó. La Zona Patagoniense puede correlacionarse con las zonas “Athleta” y Primus de la Cuenca Tarapacá; la Z. Pressulus con las zonas Dimorphosus, Eugenii y Dunkeri; las zonas Pseudokranaus y Passendorferia con la Z. “Transversarium”; las zonas Tarapacaense y Desertorum son definidas en la Cuenca Tarapacá y están representadas en la Cuenca Neuquén-Mendoza. Palabras clave: América del Sur occidental, Caloviano tardío, Oxfordiano, Amonites, Bioestratigrafía, Biogeografía. Horacio Parent [e-mail: [email protected]]: Laboratorio de Paleontología y Biocronología, Instituto de Fisiografía y Geología, FCEIA, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Pellegrini 250, 2000 Rosario, Argentina. Received: 12/05/2006; accepted: 05/09/2006. Editor: E. P. Peralta. CONTENTS Introduction..................................................................................................................................................3 Antecedents...................................................................................................................................................3 Paleogeography............................................................................................................................................5 Lithostratigraphic framework.............................................................................................................................5 Local sections and ammonite faunas.........................................................................................................7 Neuquén-Mendoza Basin....................................................................................................................7 Tarapacá Basin....................................................................................................................................12 Northwestern South America..............................................................................................................16 Systematic Paleontology............................................................................................................................16 Procedure and conventions..................................................................................................................16 Delimitation of species........................................................................................................................16
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