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La Forma Ecclesiae Comme Langage La forma ecclesiae comme langage Mémoire Léandre Syrieix Maîtrise en théologie Maître ès arts (M. A.) Québec, Canada © Léandre Syrieix, 2017 La forma ecclesiae comme langage Mémoire Léandre Syrieix Sous la direction de : Gilles Routhier, directeur de recherche RÉSUMÉ Le détachement des catholiques de l’Église telle qu’elle se présente aujourd’hui dans ses pratiques et dans ses formes institutionnelles est dû au fait que sa crédibilité comme témoin du Christ à travers ce qu’elle « est », ses paroles et ses gestes, est mise à l’épreuve. Il y a de ce fait une crise de la forma ecclesiae qui introduit la question relative à quelle est la forme de l’Église qui est plus appropriée pour permettre d’annoncer de manière crédible l’Évangile dans le monde contemporain. Ce mémoire de Maîtrise traite ainsi de la forma ecclesiae comme langage en trois chapitres. Le premier présente le concept de forma ecclesiae dans la littérature et en dégage quelques aspects mis en avant par le concile Vatican II. Le second traite de la vie de l’Église comme signe à travers le développement de la conception de l’Église comme « sacrement de Salut » soulignant que toute sa vie est témoignage. Le troisième présente la vocation de l’Église, qui est d’annoncer l’Évangile, à partir de l’Exhortation apostolique Evangelii nuntiandi du pape Paul VI, il présente aussi la reformatio de l’Église qu’implique l’annonce de l’Évangile à partir de l’Exhortation apostolique Evangelii Gaudium du pape François. iii ABSTRACT Catholics have turned back on the contemporary Church, its practices and institutional structures because they question its credibility as a witness for Christ in what it “is”, it says and does. There is, therefore, a crisis of the forma ecclesiae that introduces the question of what is the form of the Church, which is more appropriate to allow the credible proclamation of the Gospel in the world today. This Master’s dissertation thus treats “La forma ecclesiae comme langage” (the forma ecclesiae as a language) in three chapters. The first presents the concept of forma ecclesiae in the literature and highlights some aspects put forward by the Second Vatican Council. The second deals with the life of the Church as a sign through the development of the concept of the Church as “sacrament of salvation”, stressing that all of its life is testimony. The third, presents the vocation of the Church, which is to proclaim the Gospel, even since the publication of the Apostolic Exhortation Evangelii nuntiandi of pope Paul VI, and focuses also on the reformatio of the Church implied by the proclamation of the Gospel found in the Apostolic Exhortation Evangelii Gaudium of pope Francis. iv SOMMARIO Il distaccamento di tanti cattolici dalla Chiesa così com’è oggi nelle sue pratiche e nelle sue forme istituzionali è legato al fatto che la sua credibilità viene messa alla prova come testimone di Cristo, attraverso ciò che ‘‘è’’, le sue parole e i suoi gesti. C’è quindi una crisi della forma ecclesiae che introduce la domanda relativa a qual è la forma della Chiesa più in grado di permettere l’annuncio credibile del Vangelo nel mondo contemporaneo. Questa tesi di Laurea affronta il problema della forma ecclesiae come lingua in tre capitoli. Il primo introduce il concetto di forma ecclesiae nella letteratura e identifica alcuni aspetti presentati dal Concilio Vaticano II. Il secondo si occupa della vita della Chiesa come segno attraverso lo sviluppo della progettazione della Chiesa come ‘‘sacramento di salvezza’’ sottolineando che tutta la sua vita è una testimonianza. Il terzo presenta la vocazione della Chiesa che è di annunciare il Vangelo, secondo l’Esortazione apostolica Evangelii nuntiandi di papa Paolo VI, e anche la reformatio della Chiesa che derive dell’implicita l’annuncio del Vangelo secondo l’Esortazione apostolica Evangelii gaudium di papa Francesco. v TABLE DES MATIÈRES RÉSUMÉ ............................................................................................................................ III ABSTRACT ....................................................................................................................... IV SOMMARIO ........................................................................................................................ V TABLE DES MATIÈRES ................................................................................................. VI LISTE DES ABRÉVIATIONS ET DES SIGLES ....................................................... VIII REMERCIEMENTS ........................................................................................................... X INTRODUCTION GÉNÉRALE ......................................................................................... 1 1 Problématique .......................................................................................................................... 1 2 La question de recherche ........................................................................................................ 9 3 Objectif et plan du mémoire ................................................................................................. 17 CHAPITRE I : REVUE DE LA LITTÉRATURE .......................................................... 19 1 Différentes allusions à la forma ecclesiae ............................................................................. 19 1.1 Notion de forma ecclesiae ......................................................................................................... 19 1.2 La forma populi ou la forma di popolo .................................................................................... 20 1.3 La forma Evangelii : la forma di povertà ................................................................................. 23 1.4 La forma maternae .................................................................................................................... 24 1.5 Le stilus pastoralis ..................................................................................................................... 27 1.6 Les formes théoriques .............................................................................................................. 28 2 Conclusion .............................................................................................................................. 29 CHAPITRE II : LA VIE DE L’ÉGLISE COMME SIGNE ........................................... 31 1 L’Église veluti sacramentum ................................................................................................. 31 1.1 Sacramentalité et signes ........................................................................................................... 32 1.2 Fondement christologique de l’Église veluti sacramentum ................................................... 34 1.3 Développement pneumatologique de l’Église veluti sacramentum ....................................... 36 1.4 Orientation eschatologique de l’Église veluti sacramentum ................................................. 41 1.5 L’Église veluti sacramentum et l’humanité ............................................................................ 43 2 La vie de l’Église comme témoignage .................................................................................. 47 2.1 Style et « pastoralité » .............................................................................................................. 50 2.2 La forma ecclesiae comme langage ......................................................................................... 57 3 Conclusion .............................................................................................................................. 61 vi CHAPITRE III : LA VOCATION DE L’ÉGLISE : ANNONCER L’ÉVANGILE .... 65 1 Evangelii nuntiandi ................................................................................................................ 65 1.1 L’Évangile au cœur de l’activité missionnaire de l’Église .................................................... 66 1.2 Les destinateurs et destinataires de l’activité missionnaire de l’Église ............................... 69 1.3 Le style évangélique : le témoignage ....................................................................................... 73 2 La reformatio ou renovatio de l’Église comme condition de l’évangélisation ................... 77 2.1 La reformatio : principe dynamique de la forma ecclesiae ................................................... 80 2.2 Le rapport entre la forma ecclesiae, la renovatio et l’Évangile ............................................ 85 2.3 La « Nouvelle Évangélisation » comme outil de la reformatio de la forma ecclesiae .......... 94 3 La forma ecclesiae pour la vie de l’Église et l’annonce de l’Évangile ............................... 99 3.1 La forma ecclesiae et la vie de l’Église .................................................................................... 99 3.2 La forma ecclesiae et l’annonce de l’Évangile ..................................................................... 104 4 Conclusion ............................................................................................................................ 105 CONCLUSION GÉNÉRALE .......................................................................................... 108 1 Le témoignage et la crédibilité de la vie de l’Église aujourd’hui .................................... 108 2 Perspectives d’avenir ..........................................................................................................
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