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Qualitative Spot Biotic Survey of Oaks Creek, White Creek, Cripple Creek, and Moe Pond in Otsego County, New York

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Qualitative Spot Biotic Survey of Oaks Creek, White Creek, Cripple Creek, and Moe Pond in Otsego County, New York Qualitative spot biotic survey of Oaks Creek, White Creek, Cripple Creek, and Moe Pond in Otsego County, New York Jeffrey S. Heilveil1 and Brett Buckhout2 INTRODUCTION As non-native species move across the landscape and hydrofracking and other human impacts increase in scope, it is becoming more critical than ever that we can quantify changes to community structure. In order to do that, however, we must first have baseline data on which species are initially present. These baseline data also have the benefit of facilitating species- specific research by identifying populations that can be used in future studies. While the New York State Department of Environmental Conservation has a stream bioassessment program, only certain navigable waters are covered and not all taxa are targeted, reducing the utility of the data collected. To increase our knowledge of the taxa present in the environs surrounding the SUNY College at Oneonta Biological Field Station in Otsego County, NY four water bodies (three streams and one pond) were qualitatively sampled for vertebrates, invertebrates, and algae. MATERIALS AND METHODS Site Selection: Oaks Creek, which flows for approximately 150 Km from Canadarago Lake to its confluence with the Susquehanna River, has a watershed of approximately 188.67 Km2. The riparian corridor is mostly wooded, though the creek does pass through a few farms and underneath NYS route 80. A previous survey of Oaks Creek was performed by Hingula (2005); however, the nature of the study required limited sampling and the list of taxa collected contained several suspect identifications. Oaks Creek was sampled upstream of the junction of Otsego County roads 26 & 59 (42.68oN, 74.96oW), chosen to coincide with transect 7 of Hingula (2005). White Creek drains Allan Lake and flows for 5.65 Km to Lake Otsego. The creek passes through some shallow wetlands, prior to flowing under NYS route 80. White creek was sampled at this crossing (42.81oN, 74.90oW), approximately 501 m upstream from Lake Otsego, where it flows primarily over bedrock. Cripple Creek flows for 5.70 Km from where it drains Young Lake to where it empties into Lake Otsego. The creek flows through a mix of farms and wooded areas. The creek was surveyed where it crosses Bartlett road (42.82oN, 74.90oW), 1.77 Km upstream from Lake Otsego, a site situated favorably for use in courses and future research. 1 Assistant Professor, SUNY Oneonta Biology Department. 2 BFS Intern, summer 2012. Current affiliation: SUNY College at Oneonta. Funding provided by the Otsego County Land Trust. Moe Pond is has an area of approximately 1.56 Km2 and is situated northwest of Cooperstown, NY, slight less than 1.5 Km from Lake Otsego. The pond is actually an impoundment, with a mostly forested edge. The SUNY College at Oneonta has recently constructed a field research laboratory at the site and therefore the generation of baseline data will greatly facilitate future research. Moe Pond was sampled in a ~ 40 m radius from the spillway (42.71oN, 74.94oW). At each stream site, qualitative surveys were conducted for aquatic invertebrates using dip nets and kick screens (where appropriate), while fishes were captured via single-pass backpack electroshocking. Invertebrate sampling was performed for 3 – 6 hours of effort per site, and insects were preserved in 70% ethanol and returned to the laboratory for identification to lowest feasible taxonomic level. Fishes were identified in the field, if possible, and returned to their habitat. If they could not be confidently identified, the fish were returned to the Biological Field Station for identification and use in other Field Station research projects. Additionally, benthic algae (sensu lato) were removed from four small cobbles at each site and returned to the laboratory for identification. Sampling at Moe Pond was strictly for macroinvertebrates and performed for 6 hours of effort using dip and aerial nets. Identification of insect genera was performed in accordance with Merritt and Cummins (1995), while non-insect arthropods were identified using either Pennak (1978) or Hobbs (1989). Gastropods were identified using Harman (1982). Fishes were identified using Smith (1986). Chrysophytes were identified using Wehr et al. (2002). All names were verified as being valid as per the Integrated Taxonomic Information System (http://www.itis.gov). RESULTS All eight orders of commonly encountered insects were found at the stream sites; unsurprisingly, no plecopterans were found in Moe Pond. More specifically, 48 genera of insects, representing 31 families from eight orders, were recovered from the Oaks Creek site (Table 1). In addition to a host of non-insect invertebrates, six species of diatoms, one snapping turtle, and 16 fishes were also observed at this site (Table 2). White Creek was found to support 30 genera of insects from 25 families (Table 3), one native crayfish species, five species of diatoms, and 12 fishes (Table 4). Cripple Creek supported 31 insect genera (Table 5), a small number of non-insect invertebrates, four genera of diatoms, and eight fishes (Table 6). Perhaps most notable about Cripple Creek was the presence of vast tracts of the chlorophyte Cladophora, which drastically altered the surface habitat of the stream. Only 17 genera of insects were recovered from Moe Pond, along with a couple of non-insect arthropods (Table 7). Class Order Family Genus Insecta Ephemeroptera Baetidae Baetis Insecta Ephemeroptera Caenidae Caenis Insecta Ephemeroptera Ephemerellidae Drunella Insecta Ephemeroptera Ephemerellidae Timpanoga Insecta Ephemeroptera Ephemeridae Ephemera Insecta Ephemeroptera Ephemeridae Hexagenia Insecta Ephemeroptera Heptageniidae Epeorus Insecta Ephemeroptera Heptageniidae Heptagenia Insecta Ephemeroptera Heptageniidae MacCaffertium Insecta Ephemeroptera Heptageniidae Stenacron Insecta Ephemeroptera Isonychiidae Isonychia Insecta Ephemeroptera Leptophlebiidae Paraleptophlebia Insecta Ephemeroptera Potamanthidae Anthopotamus Insecta Odonata Aeshnidae Boyeria Insecta Odonata Calopterygidae Calopteryx Insecta Plecoptera Perlidae Acroneuria Insecta Plecoptera Perlidae Agnetina Insecta Plecoptera Perlidae Neoperla Insecta Plecoptera Perlidae Paragnetina Insecta Plecoptera Pteronarcyidae Pteronarcys Insecta Hemiptera Corixidae Dasycorixa Insecta Hemiptera Corixidae Hesperocorixa Insecta Hemiptera Corixidae Trichocorixa Insecta Hemiptera Veliidae Rhagovelia Insecta Trichoptera Glossosomatidae Glossosoma Insecta Trichoptera Hydropsychidae Ceratopsyche Insecta Trichoptera Hydropsychidae Cheumatopsyche Insecta Trichoptera Hydropsychidae Hydropsyche Insecta Trichoptera Leptoceridae Ceraclea Insecta Trichoptera Philopotamidae Chimarra Insecta Trichoptera Rhyacophilidae Rhyacophila Insecta Trichoptera Uenoidae Neophylax Insecta Megaloptera Corydalidae Nigronia Insecta Megaloptera Sialidae Sialis Insecta Coleoptera Elmidae Ancyronyx Insecta Coleoptera Elmidae Dubraphia Insecta Coleoptera Elmidae Optioservus Insecta Coleoptera Elmidae Oulimnus Insecta Coleoptera Elmidae Promoresia Insecta Coleoptera Elmidae Stenelmis Insecta Coleoptera Hydrophilidae Paracymus Insecta Coleoptera Psephenidae Psephenus Insecta Diptera Athericidae Atherix Insecta Diptera Ceratopogonidae Probezzia Insecta Diptera Chironomidae N/A Insecta Diptera Simuliidae Prosimulium Insecta Diptera Tabanidae N/A Insecta Diptera Tipulidae Hexatoma Table 1. Insect genera recovered from Oaks Creek. Class Order Family Genus Specific epithet Bacillariophyceae Achnanthales CocconeidaceaCocconeis N/A Bacillariophyceae Naviculales Naviculaceae Navicula 2 Spp. Coscinodiscophyc Melosirales Melosiraceae Melosira N/A Fragilariophyceae Fragilariales Fragilariaceae Diatoma 2 Spp. Turbellaria N/A N/A N/A N/A Clitellata N/A N/A N/A N/A Bivalva Veneroida Dreissenidae Dreissena polymorpha Bivalva Veneroida Pisidiidae Pisidium N/A Gastropoda Neotaeniglossa Pleuroceridae Elimia virginica Gastropoda Neotaeniglossa Pleuroceridae Spirodon carinata Malacostraca Amphipoda Gammaridae Gammarus N/A Malacostraca Amphipoda Haustoriidae Pontoporeia affinis Malacostraca Decapoda Cambaridae Orconectes rusticus Malacostraca Isopoda Asellidae Caecidotea N/A Actinopterygii Cypriniformes Catostomidae Hypentelium nigricans Actinopterygii Cypriniformes Cyprinidae Exoglossum maxillingua Actinopterygii Cypriniformes Cyprinidae Hybognathus hankinsoni Actinopterygii Cypriniformes Cyprinidae Hybognathus regius Actinopterygii Cypriniformes Cyprinidae Luxilius cornutus Actinopterygii Cypriniformes Cyprinidae Nocomis micropogon Actinopterygii Cypriniformes Cyprinidae Notropis amoenus Actinopterygii Cypriniformes Cyprinidae Notropis hudsonius Actinopterygii Cypriniformes Cyprinidae Notropis rubellus Actinopterygii Cypriniformes Cyprinidae Rhinichthys atratulus Actinopterygii Cypriniformes Cyprinidae Rhinichthys cataractae Actinopterygii Perciformes Centrarchidae Amblopites rupestris Actinopterygii Perciformes Centrarchidae Micropterus dolomieu Actinopterygii Perciformes Percidae Etheostoma olmstedi Actinopterygii Scopaeniformes Cottidae Cottus cognatus Actinopterygii Siluriformes Ictaluridae Noturus insignis Reptilia Testudines Chelydridae Chelydra serpentina Table 2. Non-insects recovered from Oaks Creek. Class Order Family Genus Insecta Ephemeroptera Baetidae Baetis Insecta Ephemeroptera Leptophlebiidae Paraleptophlebia Insecta Ephemeroptera Ephemerellidae Drunella Insecta Ephemeroptera Heptageniidae Epeorus Insecta Ephemeroptera Heptageniidae Heptagenia Insecta Ephemeroptera Heptageniidae MacCaffertium Insecta Odonata
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