The Parents' Role in the Development of Youth And
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THE PARENTS’ ROLE IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF YOUTH AND COLLEGE-LEVEL MUSICIANS A Thesis Presented to The Graduate Faculty of The University of Akron In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Arts Linda M. Florjancic December, 2007 THE PARENTS’ ROLE IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF YOUTH AND COLLEGE-LEVEL MUSICIANS Linda M. Florjancic Thesis Approved: Accepted: ______________________ _____________________ Advisor Dean of the College Mr. Durand L. Pope Dr. James M. Lynn _______________________ ______________________ Committee Member Dean of the Graduate School Dr. Guy Victor Bordo Dr. George Newkome ________________________ _______________________ Committee Member Date Dr. Brooks Toliver ________________________ School Director Mr. Neil Sapienza ii DEDICATION To Mom and Matt “This was not your dream, but you always believe in me.” -Home (Michael Bublé) iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS To Randy Pope, thank you for your support and guidance for the past two years. It has been great working with you in the Arts Administration office. To my committee members: Dr. Bordo, thank you for an amazing two years in The University of Akron Symphony Orchestra. I don’t think you will ever know how much I enjoyed being principal violist. Dr. Toliver, you have taught me so much over the three years I have been at Akron. Thank you so much! My Arts Administration classmates: What to say? Our classes and working in the office would not have been the same without you. To the four organizations I surveyed: Baldwin-Wallace Symphony Orchestra: Mr. Oltman, thank you so much for taking time out of your busy Bach Festival rehearsal for me to survey the group. Having a 100% response rate was amazing. The University of Akron Symphony Orchestra: Dr. Bordo, thank you for your assistance on survey day. It enabled the process to move along faster. Baldwin-Wallace Senior Youth Orchestra: Dr. Laycock, thank you for your help especially proctoring the survey for an additional week! Bryan Bowser, thank you for the opportunity to survey the youth orchestra. Cleveland Orchestra Youth Orchestra: Kevin Tan, Joan Katz Napoli and Jayce Ogren, thank you so much for allowing me to survey the COYO students. I had an extremely wonderful experience on survey day. To my family, thank you is just not enough. Matt and Mom, thank you so much for all your help, especially when the computer had a mind of its own and it deleted the main body of the thesis twice!!!!! You have helped me so much in this process from proofing the surveys to the final read-through. I love you so much! iv TABLE OF CONTENTS Page LIST OF TABLES…………………………………………………………………………………….vii CHAPTER I. INTRODUCTION…………………………………………….……………………………..1 II. BALDWIN-WALLACE SENIOR YOUTH ORCHESTRA……………………..4 III. CLEVELAND ORCHESTRA YOUTH ORCHESTRA…..…………………….13 IV. THE UNIVERSITY OF AKRON SYMPHONY ORCHESTRA..……………25 V. BALDWIN-WALLACE SYMPHONY ORCHESTRA…………………………..36 VI. CONCLUSION………………………………………………………………………………47 APPENDICES…………….……………………………………………………………………………50 APPENDIX A. INSTITUTIONAL REVIEW BOARD CONSENT LETTER…………………………………………………………………………………………51 APPENDIX B. BALDWIN-WALLACE SENIOR YOUTH ORCHESTRA SURVEY QUESTIONS……………………………………………..52 APPENDIX C. BALDWIN-WALLACE SENIOR YOUTH ORCHESTRA SURVEY RESULTS…………………………………………………55 APPENDIX D. BALDWIN-WALLACE SENIOR YOUTH ORCHESTRA ADDITIONAL RESPONSES…………………………………….62 APPENDIX E. CLEVELAND ORCHESTRA YOUTH ORCHESTRA SURVEY QUESTIONS…………………………………………………………………..63 v APPENDIX F. CLEVELAND ORCHESTRA YOUTH ORCHESTRA SURVEY RESULTS……………………………………………………………………….66 APPENDIX G. CLEVELAND ORCHESTRA YOUTH ORCHESTRA ADDITIONAL RESPONSES…………………………………………………………..73 APPENDIX H. UNIVERSITY OF AKRON SYMPHONY ORCHESTRA SURVEY QUESTIONS……………………………………………..75 APPENDIX I. UNIVERSITY OF AKRON SYMPHONY ORCHESTRA SURVEY RESULTS………………………………………………….77 APPENDIX J. UNIVERSITY OF AKRON SYMPHONY ORCHESTRA ADDITIONAL RESPONSES…………………………………….83 APPENDIX K. BALDWIN-WALLACE SYMPHONY ORCHESTRA SURVEY QUESTIONS…………………………………………………………………..85 APPENDIX L. BALDWIN-WALLACE SYMPHONY ORCHESTRA SURVEY RESULTS……………………………………………………………………….87 APPENDIX M. BALDWIN-WALLACE SYMPHONY ORCHESTRA ADDITIONAL RESPONSES…………………………………………………………..93 vi LIST OF TABLES Table Page 2.1 Baldwin-Wallace Senior Youth Orchestra Social Value Results…………………………………………………………………………………………11 3.1 Cleveland Orchestra Youth Orchestra Social Value Results………22 4.1 Age Range of The University of Akron Symphony Orchestra Members………………………………………………………………………………………27 4.2 Instrumentation for The University of Akron Symphony Orchestra…………………………………………………………………………………….27 4.3 The University of Akron Symphony Orchestra Social Value Results…………………………………………………………………………………………33 5.1 Instrumentation for the Baldwin-Wallace College Symphony Orchestra…………………………………………………………………………………….37 5.2 Baldwin-Wallace Symphony Orchestra Social Value Results…………………………………………………………………………………………44 vii CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION Each year, hundreds of children attend “Instrument Discovery Day” at their elementary or middle school. The sounds of these instruments and the possibility of being a world-class classical musician enter their minds. However, two obstacles stand in their way: Mom and Dad. Sometimes when parents are confronted with the reality of paying for music lessons and listening to shrieks and squeaks, they discourage their children. Memories of this researcher’s musical beginnings peaked an interest in parental influence today. Are these young musicians fulfilling their parents’ dream instead of their own? Have parents encouraged or discouraged their child’s involvement in classical music? Were today’s parents fanatics with regard to practice time? These were just a few of the questions that emerged. Parents can have a major effect on their young musician’s classical path. In order for some of these musicians to succeed, they have to be forced to improve their talents. Parents even 1 turn into “stage mothers and fathers” so their children can be successful. Research and even reality television have explored parental effects on young athletes and scholars; however, little data has been gathered with regard to parental impact on young musicians. In order to uncover the reality today’s young musicians’ encounter, four orchestras were surveyed. An attempt was made to question approximately 200 youth orchestra and 150 college musicians. For the youth orchestra sector, the members of the Cleveland Orchestra Youth Orchestra and the Baldwin-Wallace Senior Youth Orchestra were chosen. At the college level, the Baldwin-Wallace Symphony Orchestra and The University of Akron Symphony Orchestra were surveyed. Two youth orchestras were because these students are at the beginning of their musical endeavors, while the college students are approaching the start of their professional careers. The surveys consisted of 24 questions for the youth orchestra members. These questionnaires focused on demographics, practice hours, a decision to pursue a music major in college, and most important, parental involvement, financially and emotionally. Each survey was distributed with the intent of keeping the participants’ identities anonymous. 2 Since college students are more independent of their parents, their survey contained either nineteen or twenty questions. Issues such as forced practice and outside concert attendance were removed. The University of Akron Symphony Orchestra answered nineteen questions, while the Baldwin-Wallace Symphony Orchestra completed a twenty question survey. This ensemble consisted of undergraduate students only, thus leading to the additional question about pursuing music in graduate school. The goal of this research is twofold: first, to determine the nature and intensity of the role parents play in nurturing or discouraging a child’s interest in music; and second, to determine the affect of parental attitudes on the development of young musicians. Parents have influence-though not total control-over their child’s musical experiences. However, if parents do not support their children, it is hoped the students provide more information as to why not. Each orchestra will have its own chapter. A comparison will then be made between the like ensembles and conclusions drawn from their responses. 3 CHAPTER II BALDWIN-WALLACE SENIOR YOUTH ORCHESTRA Due to legal ramifications, research involving children below the age of eighteen requires following stringent guidelines set forth by the Institutional Review Board. Since a majority of the members of the youth orchestras were under the legal age of eighteen, not only must the orchestra members agree to participate in the research, their parents must also sign the consent form. If a parental consent form is not secured, the students cannot be surveyed. The Baldwin-Wallace Senior Youth Orchestra is one of four young ensembles run through the Conservatory Outreach Office, a division of the Conservatory of Music at Baldwin-Wallace College, a private liberal arts college in Berea, Ohio. The ensemble meets on Saturday mornings for a two-hour rehearsal session. In March, 2007, at a meeting with Bryan Bowser, Associate Director of the Conservatory for External Affairs, a survey date of April 28th was selected. Due to the Easter weekend and the 75th Anniversary of Bach Festival, an annual event presented the third week of April, the ensemble rehearsed only 4 one Saturday in April prior to survey day. It is because of this erratic schedule that consent forms were difficult to secure. The orchestra had not rehearsed for two weeks prior, resulting in many students