Urban Impacts Due to Barrier Effect Caused by Road Duplication: The

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TransportationScienceDirect Research Procedia 00 (201 7) 000–000 Available online at www.sciencedirect.com www.elsevier.com/locate/procedia Transportation Research Procedia 00 (2017) 000–000 www.elsevier.com/locate/procedia ScienceDirect Transportation Research Procedia 25C (2017) 4641–4652 www.elsevier.com/locate/procedia World Conference on Transport Research - WCTR 2016 Shanghai. 10-15 July 2016 World Conference on Transport Research - WCTR 2016 Shanghai. 10-15 July 2016 Urban impacts due to barrier effect caused by road Urbanduplication: impacts The due case to barrier of Goianinha/RN effect caused in byBrazil road duplication: The case of Goianinha/RN in Brazil Luiza Tavares¹, Maurício Andrade², Maria Leonor Maia³ Luiza Tavares1,2,3¹, UniversidadeMaurício Federal Andrade de Pernambuco,², Maria Brasil Leonor Maia³

1,2,3 Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Brasil

Abstract

DuplicationAbstract of federal highways are seen as essential to the economic development of Brazil, promoting agility in displacements of cargo and people between states and regions. This article analyzesDuplication the ofurban federal impacts highways of these are roadseen duplicationsas essential toin theresidents economic of a developmentsmall town (Goianinha of Brazil, /promoting RN), trying agility to see in ifdisplacement the benefitss of thecargo project and pe wereople absorbedbetween statesby the and adjacent regions population. This article of analyzesthe highway, the urbanor if t heimpacts duplication of these caused road duplicationsmore disadvantages in residents than ofadvantages a small town to residents. (Goianinha / RN), trying to see if the benefits of the project were absorbed by the adjacent population of the© 201 highway,7 The Authors. or if the Published duplication by Elsevier caused B.V more. disadvantages than advantages to residents. Peer -review under responsibility of WORLD CONFERENCE ON TRANSPORT RESEARCH © 20172017 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.B.V. Peer-reviewSOCIETY. under responsibility of WORLD CONFERENCE ON TRANSPORT RESEARCH SOCIETY. Peer-review under responsibility of WORLD CONFERENCE ON TRANSPORT RESEARCH Keywords:SOCIETY highway. duplication; commuting; social impact; user’s opinion, road duplication impacts, barrier effects,

Keywords: highway duplication; commuting; social impact; user’s opinion, road duplication impacts, barrier effects,

1. Introduction 1. Introduction According to Junior and Ferreira (2004), it is possible to find the beginning of road expansion in Brazil since the 1950s with the creation of the Target Plan during Juscelino KubitschekAccording government, to Junior andwhich Ferreira allied the(2004), government it is possible economic to interestsfind the withbeginning the interests of road of theexpansion automotive in Brazil industry, since resulting the 1950s in stimulation with the creation of the motorized of the Target transport Plan period, during whichJuscelino can beKubitschek seen through government, the large amountwhich allied of investments the government for the economic construction interests and expansion with the interestsof the road of networkthe automotive in the countryindustry, during resulting that inperiod. stimulation of the motorized transport period, which can be seenAt first, through the road the largeprojects amount were of designed investments directly for theby thecon structionNational andDepartment expansion of ofHighways the road network in the country during that period. At first, the road projects were designed directly by the National Department of Highways 2214-241X © 2017 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of WORLD CONFERENCE ON TRANSPORT RESEARCH SOCIETY. 2214-241X © 2017 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of WORLD CONFERENCE ON TRANSPORT RESEARCH SOCIETY.

10.1016/j.trpro.2017.05.252 2352-1465 4642 2 Luiza Tavares, MauricioLuiza Tavares Andrade et &al. Leonor / Transportation Maia / Transportation Research Procedia Research 25C Procedia (2017) 4641 00 (–20146527) 000–000 Luiza Tavares, Mauricio Andrade & Leonor Maia / Transportation Research Procedia 00 (2017) 000–000 3 (DNER), whose main focus is found in geometric question of the job. The studies for the

implementation of a new highway consisted only of the survey and design of the works of art, and, exceptionally, an underground survey was performed as complementation. (DNIT / IPR, 2006). Freire (2003) locates in the 1960's the culmination of this expansion with the consolidation of strategic transport corridors, encouraging the socioeconomic development in some regions, and motivating the trade of dynamic products and services.

Yet according to Freire (2003), that economic conformation reflected in the small and medium cities as a linear development along the transport routes. In Brazil, IBGE (Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics) ranks the small towns when they have a population of up to 50,000 people. This form of expansion during the decade, that started in the 1960s, led to a unplanned growth of the urban area, both in the occupation and in the use of the soil. Only in 1988, was implemented by the Brazilian Constitution the requirement for preparation of Master Plans for cities with more than 20,000 inhabitants (or for those that are part of the Federal Government strategic projects), as a guide to the development of these cities (BRAZIL, 2001). Even with the requirement of the Master Plan as guides of planning, the implementation of projects for development of states and federal road networks, when they occur in small towns, sometimes they are performed without much planning, creating urban crossings, which become barriers, dividing these cities. These crossings have different special conditions, although they are an improvement in broader contexts, when analyzed from the city residents the point of view, generate numerous disorders that require mitigation actions. In this context, this article seeks to assess what are the main disorders that the duplication of a federal highway passing by in a small town causes to its residents, focusing on the changes in their daily paths. To gauge on the subject, data were raised in a small town (Goianinha), located in northeastern Brazil. The survey has used questionnaires with the population. Fig. 1. Coast of Rio Grande do Norte where Goianinha is Source: Image taken from Google Maps modified by author

2. Description of the studied city: Goianinha/RN The BR-101 is a longitudinal Brazilian federal highway that borders the country from north The city of Goianinha is in the state of Rio Grande do Norte, located along the BR-101, and to south along the Brazilian coast, starting in the state of Rio Grande do Norte (RN) and going acts as a gateway to the city of Tibau do Sul, where Pipa is located, making the city of to the state of Rio Grande do Sul (RS), with 4551.4 km long (DNIT, 2015). Goianinha passage one of the main tourist routes of the state. Pipa Beach is one of the main tourist attractions of the newborn state, attracting around 500 thousand tourists annually (Bezerra, 2013), the main route to this place from the capital is crossing the city of Goianinha. Not just a tourist route, Goianinha is also a central area on the BR-101 between the cities of Canguaretama, Cunhaú Bar or Espírito Santo, all cities in RN, in which residents commute because of their jobs.

The city configuration shows two distinct phases of development (PEREIRA, 2010): the southern part, being the oldest area, is where the old street is Getúlio Vargas St., which opens onto the square of the Church of Nossa Senhora dos Prazeres, a common configuration since the colonial period in Brazil. The newest area of the city is made up almost exclusively of residential subdivisions.