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05_13489M_TIL-Niger.qxd 11/14/06 3:53 PM Page 20 REPUBLIC OF NIGER HAUT COMMISSARIAT À L’AMÉNAGEMENT Public Disclosure Authorized DE LA VALLÉE DU NIGER Public Disclosure Authorized Programme Kandadji de Régénération des Écosystèmes et de Mise en valeur de la vallée du Niger Detailed Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Public Disclosure Authorized General Synthesis Report November 2006 Public Disclosure Authorized consultants 85 Sainte-Catherine Street West, Montréal, Québec, Canada in collaboration with P.O. BOX 401, NIAMEY, NIGER REPUBLIC OF NIGER Office of the Prime Minister HAUT COMMISSARIAT À L’AMÉNAGEMENT DE LA VALLÉE DU NIGER 05-13489 Programme Kandadji de Régénération des Écosystèmes et de Mise en valeur de la vallée du Niger Detailed Environmental and Social Impact Assessment General Synthesis Report November 2006 consultants 85 Sainte-Catherine Street West, Montréal, Québec, Canada in collaboration with P.O. BOX 401, NIAMEY, NIGER - i - TABLE OF CONTENTS Page 1. INTRODUCTION .............................................................................................................. 1 1.1 General presentation of the Kandadji Program................................................................. 3 1.2 Description of the detailed environmental and social impact assessment ........................ 5 2. PHASE I............................................................................................................................ 7 2.1 Detailed studies ................................................................................................................7 2.2 Detailed Environmental and Social Impact Assessment ................................................. 21 2.2.1 Description of the environment ..................................................................... 22 2.2.2 Impacts and mitigative measures ................................................................. 22 2.2.2.1 Construction phase....................................................................................... 22 2.2.2.2 Exploitation phase ........................................................................................ 26 2.2.2.3 Cumulative impacts ...................................................................................... 29 2.2.2.4 Cross-border impacts ................................................................................... 31 2.2.3 Environmental and Social Management Plan............................................... 33 3. PHASE II......................................................................................................................... 35 3.1 Resettlement Plan........................................................................................................... 35 3.2 Local Development Plan ................................................................................................. 48 4. CONCLUSION................................................................................................................ 53 5. BIBLIOGRAPHY ............................................................................................................. 57 ⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯ Tecsult International Limitée ⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯ Programme Kandadji de Régénération des Écosystèmes et de Mise en valeur de la vallée du Niger – Detailed Environmental and Social Impact Assessment 05-13489 - iii - LIST OF FIGURES AND TABLES Page Figure 1.1 Republic of Niger and study area.......................................................................... 2 Figure 1.2 Location of the future Kandadji dam ..................................................................... 4 Figure 2.1 Detailed study area............................................................................................... 9 Figure 3.1 Development potential in the upstream zone of the dam.................................... 51 - - - - - - - - - - - - - Table 2.1 Summary of capital assets by administrative villages and tribes ........................ 11 Table 2.2 Vegetation and land use types in the detailed study area................................... 18 ⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯ Tecsult International Limitée ⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯ Programme Kandadji de Régénération des Écosystèmes et de Mise en valeur de la vallée du Niger – Detailed Environmental and Social Impact Assessment 05-13489 - v - LIST OF ACRONYMS ADB African Development Bank ABN Autorité du Bassin du Niger CEG Collège d’enseignement général CFDC Centre de Formation en Développement Communautaire CSI Integrated Health Centre CMN Compagnie malienne de navigation DFPP Direction de la Faune, de la Pêche et de la Pisciculture ESIA Environmental and Social Impact Assessment ESMP Environmental and Social Management Plan EVC Ecosystem valued component FAO Food and Agriculture Organization for the United Nations GHG Greenhouse gas HCAVN Haut Commissariat à l’Aménagement de la Vallée du Niger IBA Important Bird Area IUCN World Conservation Union LDP Local Development Plan NGO Non-governmental organization PAP Persons affected by the program P-KRESMIN Programme Kandadji de Régénération des Écosystèmes et de Mise en valeur de la vallée du Niger RP Resettlement Plan SRP Stratégie de Réduction de la Pauvreté SVC Socially Valued Component STD Sexually Transmitted Disease UBT Unité de bétail tropical UNDP United Nations Development Program ⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯ Tecsult International Limitée ⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯ Programme Kandadji de Régénération des Écosystèmes et de Mise en valeur de la vallée du Niger – Detailed Environmental and Social Impact Assessment 05-13489 General Synthesis Report Page 1 1. INTRODUCTION The Republic of Niger is located in West Africa and borders Algeria, Benin, Burkina Faso, Chad, Libya, Mali, and Nigeria (Figure 1.1). The Republic of Niger is almost entirely located in the Sahel-Sahara zone and is characterized by scarce annual rainfalls and frequent droughts. Since 1970, Niger has experienced severe droughts due to its geographical situation. Agricultural lands are shrinking and soil fertility is diminishing because of the combined effects of drought and demographic pressures. The Niger is the third longest African river, extending 4,200 km. It is the country’s most important source of surface water. Originating in the Fouta Djallon in Guinea, the river crosses Mali, Niger, Benin, and Nigeria. It takes a northeastern direction to the Sahara, and then makes a loop in the Sahelian and semi-desert regions. In the lake basin, it loses a major portion of its water and takes a southeastern direction towards the river mouth in the Gulf of Guinea in Nigeria. The Niger River’s watershed covers nine states (Guinea, the Ivory Coast, Mali, Niger, Burkina Faso, Benin, Cameroon, Chad, and Nigeria). Along with desertification, which affects soils, the Niger’s water resources have been affected by the drought in the Sahel region since 1970. Since then, the river’s average flowrate has decreased by 30%. Moreover, changes in the river flow during low water conditions are increasingly severe. Before 1970, low water conditions occurred in May and June, while they are now observed from April to July (4 months). Consequently, minimum flowrates in low water conditions have dropped considerably. In Niamey, the average flowrate during the driest month used to be 70 m³/s. It now barely reaches 20 m³/s. In particularly dry years, it has become practically impossible to measure the flowrate. This drastic flowrate decrease, whose evolution is not foreseeable, is having degrading effects on the river’s ecosystem, on irrigation, on public health, and on the water supply for human populations, cattle and industry. In January 2002, the Government of Niger adopted the Stratégie de Réduction de la Pauvreté (SRP) on the basis of a large-scale social consensus. Among other objectives, this strategy is aimed at improving the population’s living conditions by ensuring a secure food supply through the integrated development of natural resources, desertification control, and environmental conservation. ⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯ Tecsult International Limitée ⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯ Programme Kandadji de Régénération des Écosystèmes et de Mise en valeur de la vallée du Niger – Detailed Environmental and Social Impact Assessment 05-13489 Page 2 General Synthesis Report Figure 1.1 Republic of Niger and study area ⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯ Tecsult International Limitée ⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯ Programme Kandadji de Régénération des Écosystèmes et de 05-13489 Mise en valeur de la vallée du Niger – Detailed Environmental and Social Impact Assessment General Synthesis Report Page 3 The objectives of the Programme Kandadji de Régénération des Écosystèmes et de Mise en valeur de la vallée du Niger (P-KRESMIN) contribute to the SRP by seeking to reduce poverty by regenerating the natural environment, improving food security, and meeting energy needs. The P-KRESMIN’s objectives are as follows: y Sectoral objective: To contribute to poverty reduction by regenerating the natural environment, improving the food supply, and meeting energy needs. y Main specific objective: Regenerated and preserved river ecosystems by regulating the river’s flowrate. y Secondary specific objectives: Drinking water supply of river settlements ensured; improved food supply and energy supply for the country. y Operational objectives: - Flow regulating structure on the Niger River in Kandadji; - Hydropower plant built and equipped; - Local Development Plan (LDP) focused on capacity building, including the development of 31,000 ha of irrigated perimetersand other revenue-generating activities