DOCSLIB.ORG

External Radioactive Fallout: Dosimetry and Levels

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
External Radioactive Fallout: Dosimetry and Levels TOR WOHN NO9600050 EXTERNAL RADIOACTIVE FALLOUT: DOSIMETRY AND LEVELS ::•••:•> .:\*--:.v.Sx ••'- JN^thS i'i i-t& - HZ* External doses from radioactive fallout: Dosimetry and Levels. Tor Wohni Norwegian radiation protection authority, Oslo University of Trondheim, NTH Submitted in partial fulfilment for the degree of Doktor ingenier Department of Physics Norwegian Institute of Technology University of Trondheim Tor Wehni: External doses from radioactive fallout Contents Preface and acknowledgement iii List of papers iv 1. Introduction and aims 1 2. Physical parameters influencing external dose levels 2.1 Introduction 3 2.2 Nuclide composition from different accidents 3 2.3 Activity depth distribution 6 2.4 Conversion factors from ground deposition to dose rate 9 2.5 Moisture, snow cover and deposition mechanisms 13 2.6 Conclusions 14 3. Technical and social factors influencing external dose levels 3.1 Introduction 15 3.2 Shielding factor 15 3.3 Decontamination 17 3.4 Social habits - Occupancy factors 19 3.5 Conclusions 19 4. Dosimetry and measurement techniques. 4.1 Introduction 21 4.2 Photon energy spectra 21 4.3 Measurement techniques 24 4.4 Appropriate dose quantities 27 4.5 Conclusions 32 5. Present work 5.1 Aims of present work 33 5.2 Nordic/Russian cooperation program - 33 Intercomparison test 5.3 Synopsis of papers 35 Tor W0hni: External doses from radioactive fallout 6. General discussion - Dosimetry 6.1 Introduction 39 6.2 Dosemeter systems 39 6.3 Dosimetry of penetrating radiation 42 6.4 Dosimetry of non-penetrating radiation 44 7. General discussion - Levels 7.1 Introduction 45 7.2 Corrections for background radiation a.o. 45 7.3 The influence of technical and social factors 47 7.4 Doses relative to the level of contamination 48 7.5 Annual dose reduction 50 7.6 Theoretical modelling of external doses 51 8. Conclusions 53 References 55 Papers I to V Tor W0hni: External doses from radioactive fallout iii Preface and acknowledgement The work described in this thesis was carried out at the Norwegian radiation protection authority (NRPA) in the years 1990 - 1994. The work started within the framework of a scientific and technical cooperation programme between the Leningrad (now St.Petersburgh) scientific research institute of radiation hygiene (SPIRHi and the radiation protection authorities in the Nordic countries. After the Chernobyl accident SPIRH established a local branch office in Novozybkov, situated in the heavily contaminated Brjansk region of southern Russia. During the cooperation programme I have attended several field investigations in this area, particularly in connection with individual external dose measurements in different villages around Novozybkov. As a spin-off from this project, similar external dose measurements were also performed in the most heavily contaminated municipality in Norway (0ystre Slidre), in close cooperation with an ongoing programme for whole body monitoring in this area. I am greatly indebted to the external dosimetry group at SPIRH for the scientific discussions and insight this has given into the external dosimetry problems connected with radioactive fallout, and especially to Victor Erkin and Vladislav Golikov. My Nordic coworker and fellow traveller in the SPIRH cooperation project has been Eva Wallstram at the Department of radiation physics at the University of Gateborg. Her methodical mind have been invaluable in the planning of the scientific content as well as the practical arrangement of the measurement programme. During the writing of the thesis, the assistance from the library staff at NRPA have been highly appreciated, and their readiness to help in the search for and the obtaining of relevant literature is greatly acknowledged. iv Tor Wehru: External doses from radioactive fallout List of papers The present work is based upon the following papers, which will be referred to in the text by their Roman numerals. I Wohni T. (1993). Dosemeterfor low level external radiation Radiat.Prot.Dosim. 4, 347-350. II Wohni T, Selnaes T and Strand P. (1994). External doses from Chernobyl fallout in Norway: Individual dose measurements in the municipality of Qystre Slidre. Radiat.Prot.Dosim. 2, 125-130. HI Erkin V, Wallstrum E and Wohni T. (1994). External doses from the Chernobyl fallout: Individual dose measurements in the Brjansk region of Russia. Radiat.Prot.Dosim.4, 265-273. IV Wohni T, Erkin V and Wallstom E. Dosimetry of external photon radiation. This report was presented at the symposium "Radiobiological consequences of Nuclear accidents: Radioecology and Health.", arranged in Moscow October 24th - 29th 1994. The report is accepted for publication in the forthcoming Proceedings volume from this symposium in Radiation Protection Dosimetry. The data in this paper is based on the measurement results from Paper II and Paper ffl. V Wohni T. (1995). Accident dosimetry of weakly penetrating radiation utilising carbon loaded LiFpellets in a Mylar phantom. Radiat.Prot.Dosim. In press. Chapter 1: Introduction and aims Chapter 1: Introduction and aims. External radiation represents a major contribution to the population doses from radioactive fallout. After the Chernobyl accident the dose from external radiation was the dominant contribution to the effective dose equivalent commitment in all but the countries in the southern latitudal region (< 40°). In the northern latitudal region (> 55 °) 60 % of the total dose was estimated as coming from external irradiation (UNSCEAR,1988). In chapters 2 and 3 of the present report, physical, technical and social factors influencing the external dose levels from radioactive fallout in general and radiocaesium in particular are discussed. In chapter 4 measurements techniques for assessing individual doses from penetrating and non-penetrating radiation are presented. In chapters 6 and 7 the results from this particular dosimetry project are discussed. As presented in chapter 5, the aim of the present work was twofold. Design, manufacture and calibrate suitable integrating dosemeters that can be worn by people in order to measure individual external doses from radioactive fallout. Apply the dosemeters in areas contaminated with radioactive fallout from the Chernobyl accident, in order to assess external doses; to the population. Analyze the results in the light of additional existing information concerning radioactive deposition, social habits, decontamination measures and other influencing technical and physical factors. The report deals with radioactive fallout in general, but experience and results from the Chernobyl accident will play a central role in the presentation. In this accident radiocesium very soon became the dominating nuclides. 137Cs is estimated to account for 85 % of the total external dose after the accident, while 134Cs contributed about 8 %. The rest was due to short lived radionuclides causing exposure only within the first year of the accident (UNSCEAR, 1988). Much of the assembled scientific data on external dose levels from fallout thus concern radiocaesium, which will play a dominating part in the discussion to follow. In this context the term "fallout" is synonymous with ground deposition. External doses from passing cloud or activity in air are not discussed, neither is contact exposure from radioactive Chapter 1: Introduction and aims material deposited on the body surface or clothes. Alpha radiation does not contribute to external irradiation, and are as such omitted from this discussion. Chapter 2: Physical parameters Chapter 2: Physical parameters influencing external dose levels. 2.1 Introduction. External dose levels are in general influenced by a number of physical parameters, like fallout levels, isotopic composition, activity depth distribution in the ground etc. The total amount of ground deposition is determined by the source term and by meteorological conditions, and is as such outside the scope of this report. The discussion in this chapter concerning migration of activity into the ground, mainly refers to rural environments. Some of the particular characteristics of urban environments are discussed in chapter 3. 2.2 Nuclide composition from different accidents. The isotopic composition of the fallout is a major factor for the formation of external doses. Large amount of radioactive material released into the environment will most likely be associated with accidents in nuclear reactors, nuclear fuel reprocessing plants or nuclear weapon detonation. The radioactive material released may be classified in three groups: - Fission products - Activation products - Uranium and transuranic elements. In general, fissions induced in ^U and 239Pu give rise to the main activity component from these sources. Fission products of nuclear weapons origin consist of more than 300 nuclides distributed over about 40 elements. The most important activation products are ^Mn and isotopes of Co and Fe. The relative contribution to the total fallout from each of the groups, and the relative importance of the different elements within each group will depend on the type of accident and other characteristics of the source term. In table 2.1 the isotopic composition of different well known nuclear accidents are shown, together with estimates of the global radioactive fallout from atmospheric bomb tests. Noble gases from the Chernobyl accident are not included, neither are 3H, 14C or activation products from the bomb tests. Published data concerning amounts of radionuclides released in the different accidents differ Chapter 2: Physical
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Air-To-Ground Battle for Italy
    Air-to-Ground Battle for Italy MICHAEL C. MCCARTHY Brigadier General, USAF, Retired Air University Press Maxwell Air Force Base, Alabama August 2004 Air University Library Cataloging Data McCarthy, Michael C. Air-to-ground battle for Italy / Michael C. McCarthy. p. ; cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 1-58566-128-7 1. World War, 1939–1945 — Aerial operations, American. 2. World War, 1939– 1945 — Campaigns — Italy. 3. United States — Army Air Forces — Fighter Group, 57th. I. Title. 940.544973—dc22 Disclaimer Opinions, conclusions, and recommendations expressed or implied within are solely those of the author and do not necessarily represent the views of Air University, the United States Air Force, the Department of Defense, or any other US government agency. Cleared for public release: distribution unlimited. Air University Press 131 West Shumacher Avenue Maxwell AFB AL 36112–6615 http://aupress.maxwell.af.mil ii Contents Chapter Page DISCLAIMER . ii FOREWORD . v ABOUT THE AUTHOR . vii PREFACE . ix INTRODUCTION . xi Notes . xiv 1 GREAT ADVENTURE BEGINS . 1 2 THREE MUSKETEERS TIMES TWO . 11 3 AIR-TO-GROUND BATTLE FOR ITALY . 45 4 OPERATION STRANGLE . 65 INDEX . 97 Photographs follow page 28 iii THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK Foreword The events in this story are based on the memory of the author, backed up by official personnel records. All survivors are now well into their eighties. Those involved in reconstructing the period, the emotional rollercoaster that was part of every day and each combat mission, ask for understanding and tolerance for fallible memories. Bruce Abercrombie, our dedicated photo guy, took most of the pictures.
    [Show full text]
  • The Evolution of Commercial Rap Music Maurice L
    Florida State University Libraries Electronic Theses, Treatises and Dissertations The Graduate School 2011 A Historical Analysis: The Evolution of Commercial Rap Music Maurice L. Johnson II Follow this and additional works at the FSU Digital Library. For more information, please contact lib-ir@fsu.edu THE FLORIDA STATE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF COMMUNICATION A HISTORICAL ANALYSIS: THE EVOLUTION OF COMMERCIAL RAP MUSIC By MAURICE L. JOHNSON II A Thesis submitted to the Department of Communication in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science Degree Awarded: Summer Semester 2011 The members of the committee approve the thesis of Maurice L. Johnson II, defended on April 7, 2011. _____________________________ Jonathan Adams Thesis Committee Chair _____________________________ Gary Heald Committee Member _____________________________ Stephen McDowell Committee Member The Graduate School has verified and approved the above-named committee members. ii I dedicated this to the collective loving memory of Marlena Curry-Gatewood, Dr. Milton Howard Johnson and Rashad Kendrick Williams. iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to express my sincere gratitude to the individuals, both in the physical and the spiritual realms, whom have assisted and encouraged me in the completion of my thesis. During the process, I faced numerous challenges from the narrowing of content and focus on the subject at hand, to seemingly unjust legal and administrative circumstances. Dr. Jonathan Adams, whose gracious support, interest, and tutelage, and knowledge in the fields of both music and communications studies, are greatly appreciated. Dr. Gary Heald encouraged me to complete my thesis as the foundation for future doctoral studies, and dissertation research.
    [Show full text]
  • Reverberations: How Modern Video Game Design
    REVERBERATIONS: HOW MODERN VIDEO GAME DESIGN RELIES ON AUDIO AND HAPTIC COMMUNICATION TO ENFORCE RHETORICS OF PROCEDURE AND PLAY by Saunder Waterman Bachelor of Arts (Honours), University of King’s College, 2018 Supervisor: Dr. John Shiga A Major Research Paper presented to Ryerson University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Professional Communication In the program of Communications Toronto, Ontario, Canada, 2020 ©Waterman, 2020 Author’s Declaration I hereby declare that I am the sole author of this MRP. This is a true copy of the MRP, including any required final revisions. I authorize Ryerson University to lend this MRP to other institutions or individuals for the purpose of scholarly research. I further authorize Ryerson University to reproduce this MRP by photocopying or by other means, in total or in part, at the request of other institutions or individuals for the purpose of scholarly research. I understand that my MRP may be made electronically available to the public. ii Abstract Modern video games are increasingly becoming a more mature and respected form of storytelling and art. The way in which games can interact with players provides those players with a control over their product that is unmatched by literature or cinema. Games communicate with players in many direct and indirect ways. This paper explores how audio and haptic modes of communication are employed by different types of video games to support both elements of gameplay and the themes and rhetoric that a game possesses. Specifically, this paper focuses on how Super Smash Bros. Ultimate and Legend of Zelda: Breath of the Wild express different aspects of control and procedural rhetoric through audio and haptic communication.
    [Show full text]
  • Broadway Starts to Rock: Musical Theater Orchestrations and Character, 1968-1975 By
    Broadway Starts to Rock: Musical Theater Orchestrations and Character, 1968-1975 By Elizabeth Sallinger M.M., Duquesne University, 2010 B.A., Pennsylvania State University, 2008 Submitted to the graduate degree program in Musicology and the Graduate Faculty of the University of Kansas in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. Chair: Paul R. Laird Roberta Freund Schwartz Bryan Kip Haaheim Colin Roust Leslie Bennett Date Defended: 5 December 2016 ii The dissertation committee for Elizabeth Sallinger certifies that this is the approved version of the following dissertation: Broadway Starts to Rock: Musical Theater Orchestrations and Character, 1968-1975 Chair: Paul R. Laird Date Approved: 5 December 2016 iii Abstract In 1968, the sound of the Broadway pit was forever changed with the rock ensemble that accompanied Hair. The musical backdrop for the show was appropriate for the countercultural subject matter, taking into account the popular genres of the time that were connected with such figures, and marrying them to other musical styles to help support the individual characters. Though popular styles had long been part of Broadway scores, it took more than a decade for rock to become a major influence in the commercial theater. The associations an audience had with rock music outside of a theater affected perception of the plot and characters in new ways and allowed for shows to be marketed toward younger demographics, expanding the audience base. Other shows contemporary to Hair began to include rock music and approaches as well; composers and orchestrators incorporated instruments such as electric guitar, bass, and synthesizer, amplification in the pit, and backup singers as components of their scores.
    [Show full text]
  • “Sh-Boom” and the Bomb: a Postwar Call and Response
    1 “Sh-Boom” and the Bomb: A Postwar Call and Response Raging fire balls, vaporized islands, ear-splitting clamor, mushroom clouds, shock waves, moral abomination, massive guilt, backyard bomb shelters, and thinking the unthinkable—all of these were part of the psychological and emotional Zeitgeist of Postwar America. Test Able, the first atom-bomb test off Bikini in the Marshall Islands, took place in the summer of 1946. At that time, many Americans feared the consequences. Some believed gravity would be destroyed, or that the ocean would turn to gas, or perhaps an underwater explosion would blow a hole in the bottom of the sea and cause it to run completely out. Others expected earthquakes, tidal waves, or radioactive waves that would, a Portland, Oregon taxi driver feared, “peel his skin like a banana.”1 None of these suspicions materialized, though the site of the explosion became the name of a woman’s two-piece bathing suit. In Homeward Bound, Elaine Tyler May links the photograph of Hollywood sex symbol Rita Hayworth that was physically attached to the bomb to the “name for the abbreviated swimsuit the female ‘bombshells’ would wear. The designer of the revealing suit,” she says, “chose the name ‘bikini’ four days after the bomb was dropped to suggest the swimwear’s explosive potential.”2 William O’Neill, the author of American High, points out that nuclear weaponry at that time was a concern so frightening that “popular culture absorbed and trivialized” it.3 Looking back, it seems excessive to have worried so about a fission bomb.
    [Show full text]
  • On the Historical and Future Role of the Music Producer 1
    ON THE HISTORICAL AND FUTURE ROLE OF THE MUSIC PRODUCER 1 On the Historical and Future Role of the Music Producer Tyler Harrison A Senior Thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for graduation in the Honors Program Liberty University Spring 2021 ON THE HISTORICAL AND FUTURE ROLE OF THE MUSIC PRODUCER 2 Acceptance of Senior Honors Thesis This Senior Honors Thesis is accepted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for graduation from the Honors Program of Liberty University. Nathan Zwald, M.Ed. Thesis Chair Hanna Byrd, D.W.S. Committee Member James H. Nutter, D.A. Honors Director Date ON THE HISTORICAL AND FUTURE ROLE OF THE MUSIC PRODUCER 3 Abstract The research completed in this thesis is designed to review the historical role of the music producer and track its evolution into the modern era. Focus on the history of the producer will include formal research from the time and a review of individuals who pioneered significant change in the industry. The thesis will then explore the role of the contemporary record producer and raise questions about the impact of modern technology and practice. The creative aspect of the thesis will be completed by fulfilling the role of producer for a local artist: coordinating, engineering, mixing, and ultimately producing a four-track Extended Play (EP) project that will include the final professional audio project and approximately ten pages of production documentation organized as a separate document. ON THE HISTORICAL AND FUTURE ROLE OF THE MUSIC PRODUCER 4 On the Historical and Future Role of the Music Producer The musical world is characterized by the presence of the artist.
    [Show full text]
  • Television Academy Awards
    2021 Primetime Emmy® Awards Ballot Outstanding Single-Camera Picture Editing For A Drama Series The Alienist: Angel Of Darkness Better Angels While Sara, Moore and Kreizler struggle with decisions about their future paths, New York is in the grips of an all-out manhunt for the killer, and the team must overcome the wrath of the police and an underworld gang on the rampage. Cheryl Potter, Editor The Alienist: Angel Of Darkness Ex Ore Infantium Sara Howard has opened a pioneering private detective agency. She reunites with formidable alienist Dr. Laszlo Kreizler and New York Times journalist John Moore to find the kidnapped infant daughter of a Spanish dignitary. Dermot Diskin, Editor American Gods The Lake Effect Shadow has to decide the price he's willing to pay for his idyllic Lakeside life. As Laura and her new ally close in on her target, Wednesday has to persuade Czernobog that it's time to make peace with their enemies. Wendy Hallam Martin, ACE, Editor American Gods Sister Rising Shadow explores notions of purpose, destiny and identity with a newly enlightened Bilquis. Elsewhere, Technical Boy struggles with an identity crisis of his own. In his efforts to free Demeter, Wednesday asks a reluctant Shadow to assist in a new con. Christopher Donaldson, CCE, Editor American Gods Tears Of The Wrath-Bearing Tree Teetering on the edge of war and peace, the gods gather to mourn a loss. Bilquis' divine journey brings her to an unexpected revelation, while Shadow finally embraces a destiny that could bring him either greatness or death. Andrew Coutts, CCE, Editor Away Half The Sky A staff change at Mission Control upsets the usually unflappable Lu, and the fallout undermines Emma's command.
    [Show full text]
  • Blood, Guns, and Plenty of Explosions: the Evolution of American Television Violence
    Blood, Guns, and Plenty of Explosions: The Evolution of American Television Violence By Hubert Ta Professor Allison Perlman, Ph.D Departments of Film & Media Studies and History Professor Jayne Lewis, Ph.D Department of English A Thesis Submitted In Partial Completion of the Certification Requirements for The Honors Program of the School of Humanities and The Campuswide Honors Program University of California, Irvine 26 May 2017 ii Table of Contents ACKNOWLEDGMENTS III ABSTRACT IV INTRODUCTION 1 I. BONANZA, THE TV WESTERN, AND THE LEGITIMACY OF VIOLENCE 16 II. THE INTERVENING YEARS: 1960S – 1980S 30 III. COUNTERING THE ACTION EXTRAVAGANZA WITH NUCLEAR FIRE IN THE DAY AFTER 36 IV. THE INTERVENING YEARS: 1990S – 2010S 48 V. THE WALKING DEAD: PUSHING THE ENVELOPE 57 LOOKING AHEAD: VIEWER DISCRETION IS ADVISED 77 WORKS CITED 81 iii Acknowledgments First and foremost, I would like to thank Professor Allison Perlman for her incredible amount of help and guidance as my faculty advisor for this research project. Without her, I would not have been able to get this thesis off the ground and her constant supervision led me to many important texts and concepts that I used for my research. Our discussions, her recommendations and critiques, and her endless ability to be available and help me define my research path has made this research project possible. Thank you so much Professor Perlman! I would also like to thank Professor Jayne Lewis for her guidance as Director of the Humanities Honors Program for 2015 – 2017. She has been extremely supportive throughout my research project with her helpful reminders, her advice and critique of my papers, and her cheerful demeanor which has always made the process more optimistic and fun.
    [Show full text]
  • 2011 Network Responsibility Index
    celebrating 25 years nri 2011 network responsibility index glaad network responsibility index 2011 Page 1 nri table of contents 3-5..........Executive Summary 6-7..........ABC 8-9..........CBS 10-11......The CW 12-13......Fox 14-15......NBC 16-17......ABC Family 18-19......A&E 20-21......AMC 22-23......FX 24-25......HBO 26-27......Showtime 28-29......SyFy 30-31......TBS 32-33......TNT 34-35......USA 36-37......Additional Cable Overview 38...........GLAAD’s Entertainment Media Team Page 2 glaad network responsibility index 2011 For the purpose of this report, each EXECUTIVE representation of an LGBT person, or significant discussion of an LGBT issue, during the course of an hour counts as one ‘impression.’ If one nri LGBT character appeared on 12 episodes, for SUMMARY example, this character made 12 impressions. The GLAAD Network Responsibility Index (NRI) p.m. Eastern and Pacific (10:00 Central and If a single episode addressed marriage is an evaluation of the quantity and quality of Mountain), Monday through Saturday. On equality, for example, in a secondary storyline, images of lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgen- Sunday, primetime begins at 7:00 p.m. East- it was counted as one minor ‘impression.’ der (LGBT) people on television. It is intended ern and Pacific (6:00 Central and Mountain). Based on the overall quantity, quality and to serve as a road map toward increasing fair, Fox and The CW do not air network program- diversity of LGBT representations, a grade was accurate and inclusive LGBT media represen- ming during the last hour of primetime, nor assigned to each network: Excellent, Good, tations.
    [Show full text]
  • Accidental Humanity and Hypermasculinity in the La County Jail
    0091-4169/13/10204-0965 THE JOURNAL OF CRIMINAL LAW & CRIMINOLOGY Vol. 102, No. 4 Copyright © 2012 by Northwestern University School of Law Printed in U.S.A. CRIMINAL LAW TWO MODELS OF THE PRISON: ACCIDENTAL HUMANITY AND HYPERMASCULINITY IN THE L.A. COUNTY JAIL SHARON DOLOVICH* This Article considers what can be learned about humanizing the modern American prison from studying a small and unorthodox unit inside L.A. County’s Men’s Central Jail. This unit, known as K6G, has an inmate culture that contrasts dramatically with that of the Jail’s general * Professor of Law, UCLA School of Law; Scholar-in-Residence, Center on the Administration of Criminal Law, NYU School of Law. I owe a great debt of thanks to Joe Doherty, Director of the UCLA School of Law’s Empirical Research Group, for helping me design the research project on which this Article is based and for guiding me through a lengthy IRB certification process. Thanks are also due to Jamie Binnall, Sam Bray, Ingrid Eagley, Phil Goodman, Juan Haines, Russell Korobkin, Bart Lanni, Rob Mikos, Sasha Natapoff, Cameron Saul, Joanna Schwartz, and Jed Shugerman, and to workshop participants at the University of Chicago, University of Connecticut, Emory, Harvard, Loyola, NYU, UCLA, and San Quentin for very helpful comments and conversation; to Erin Earl, Rebecca Johns, Anne Marie Morris, Brian Priestley, Michael Reiss, Frank Sabatini, Jules Torti, and the reference librarians of the UCLA School of Law Hugh & Hazel Darling Law Library for their research assistance; to the UCLA Academic Senate, UCLA Dean’s Office, Georgetown University Law Center, Harvard Law School, NYU School of Law’s Center on the Administration of Criminal Law, and the Williams Institute for generous support of this research; to Jody Freeman, for her long support and encouragement of this project; and to several officers of the Los Angeles County Sheriff’s Department, including Chief Alex Yim, Deputy Alan Shapiro, and most especially Senior Deputy Randy Bell and Deputy Bart Lanni.
    [Show full text]
  • Research in New Zealand Performing Arts: Does Adaptive Dramaturgy Offer a Productive Model for Developing Creative and Critical
    Research in New Zealand Performing Arts: Nga Mahi a Rehia no Aotearoa Does Adaptive Dramaturgy Offer a Productive Model for Developing Creative and Critical Thinking Skills? Posted by Webmaster on 14/04/13 Filed Under: Home » E-Journals » New Zealand Journal of Research in Performing Arts and Education: Nga Mahi a Rehia » Does Adaptive Dramaturgy Offer a Productive Model for Developing Creative and Critical Thinking Skills? Abstract This essay explores the first stages of an experiment that uses scholarship on dramatic adaptation to develop and link creative and critical skills in a course on dramaturgy at Victoria University of Wellington. After describing some of the challenges to developing creative and critical thinking in tertiary classrooms, we describe how and why “adaptive dramaturgy” might be a productive approach for stimulating these skills. Following this, we describe our methods of developing assessments based on adaptive dramaturgy and measuring their effectiveness, and conclude with a discussion of the results and their implications for further research. Introduction Creative and critical thinking are highly valued attributes. Business and industry seek workers who can “think outside the box”; job postings and degree program statements in academe stress the importance of “bridging the divide between (critical) theory and (creative) practice”; and in popular films like Independence Day (1996), the ability to combine critical analysis with creative intuition routinely saves humanity from technically superior but rigid- thinking alien hordes. As such, there have been increasing calls for tertiary education to foster these skills, and many institutions – including our own – have responded by adopting an explicit mission to equip their students with them (Craft 2006; Csikszentmihalyi 2006; Jackson et al.
    [Show full text]
  • Why Does Country & Western Music
    NEW ENGLAND COUNTRY & WESTERN MUSIC: SELF-RELIANCE, COMMUNITY EXPRESSION, AND REGIONAL RESISTANCE ON THE NEW ENGLAND FRONTIER BY CLIFFORD R. MURPHY B.A. GETTYSBURG COLLEGE, 1994 M.A. BROWN UNIVERSITY, 2005 SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY IN THE PROGRAM IN MUSIC: ETHNOMUSICOLOGY AT BROWN UNIVERSITY. PROVIDENCE, RHODE ISLAND MAY 2008 © 2008 CLIFFORD R. MURPHY This dissertation by Clifford R. Murphy is accepted in its present form by the Department of Music as satisfying the dissertation requirement for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. (signed and dated copy on file at Brown University) Date_______________ _________________________ Jeff Todd Titon, Advisor Recommended to the Graduate Council Date_______________ __________________________ Jennifer Post, Reader Date_______________ __________________________ Paul Buhle, Reader Date_______________ __________________________ Rose Subotnik, Reader Approved by the Graduate Council Date_______________ __________________________ Sheila Bonde, Dean of the Graduate School iii CURRICULUM VITAE Clifford R. Murphy was born in Ridgewood, New Jersey in 1972 and was raised in New Hampshire in the towns of Durham and Newmarket. Cliff learned to play guitar at age 16, graduated from Newmarket High School in 1990, and attended Gettysburg College where he majored in History and English. Following graduation in 1994, Cliff returned to New Hampshire and spent the next nine years working as a singer, songwriter, and rhythm guitarist in the internationally
    [Show full text]