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Sabellids (Polychaeta: Sabellidae) from the Grand Caribbean María Ana Tovar-Hernández* and Sergio I

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Sabellids (Polychaeta: Sabellidae) from the Grand Caribbean María Ana Tovar-Hernández* and Sergio I Zoological Studies 45(1): 24-66 (2006) Sabellids (Polychaeta: Sabellidae) from the Grand Caribbean María Ana Tovar-Hernández* and Sergio I. Salazar-Vallejo Laboratorio de poliquetos, El Colegio de la Frontera Sur, Av. Centenario Km. 5.5, C. P. 77900, Chetumal, Quintana Roo, Méxi co (Accepted September 3, 2005) María Ana Tovar-Hernández and Sergio I. Salazar-Vallejo (2006) Sabellids (Polychaeta: Sabellidae) from the Grand Caribbean. Zoological Studies 45(1): 24-66. A taxonomic key for the 40 valid species of sabellids (Polychaeta: Sabellidae) occurring in the Grand Caribbean is provided. Eighteen species are herein recorded from the Grand Caribbean, and 4 species new to science are described: Anamobaea phyllisae sp. nov. (Guana Island), Bispira paraporifera sp. nov. (Mexican Caribbean), Megalomma perkinsi sp. nov. (Florida), and Pseudopotamilla fitzhughi sp. nov. (Mexican Caribbean). Identifications were corroborated by comparisons with type and non-type material loaned from several museums. An annotated checklist of the sabellid polychaetes from the Grand Caribbean is provided, including type localities, museums where material is deposited, and tax- onomic remarks whenever necessary. The checklist comprises 56 species, of which 13 remain as questionable records, either because there is no type material, their records are isolated, or their type localities are far away from the Grand Caribbean. By presenting a complete overview of all records for sabellids in the area, this work summarizes our current knowledge of the diversity of this polychaete family in the Grand Caribbean, providing baseline data for future research. http://zoolstud.sinica.edu.tw/Journals/45.1/24.pdf Key words: Fan worms, Key, Checklist, New species. The Sabellidae Latreille 1825 is a family of b), (Hartman 1942 1951), (Rioja 1946), (Carpenter polychaete annelids (Polychaeta Grube 1850) 1956), (Renaud 1956), (Marsden 1960), (Jones commonly known as“fan worms”“, feather-duster 1962), and (Uebelacker and Johnson 1984), worms”, or“sea flowers”. They are easily recog- among others. However, none of these studies nized because living specimens have a colorful focused exclusively on sabellids. Salazar-Vallejo crown frequently projecting from the mouth of their (1996) listed 50 species of sabellids, belonging to tubes. According to Giangrande (in Rouse and 22 genera, occurring in the Grand Caribbean Pleijel 2001), the family consists of 490 species, of region. which 75 belong to the subfamily Fabriciinae (13 The state of knowledge of the species of genera), and over 400 correspond to the sabellids occurring in the Grand Caribbean, how- Sabellinae (30 genera) (Fitzhugh and Rouse ever, is still very poor and doubtful due to several 1999). reasons: for many years, identifications of The Grand Caribbean region comprises the Caribbean material were made using literature and Gulf of Mexico, Caribbean Sea, Bermuda, and the taxonomic keys from other regions of the world. northern littoral of Brazil (Salazar-Vallejo 2000). In Moreover, the identification of species rested the entire area, a number of important studies on mainly on drawings (which were seldom original), the polychaetes have been carried out: (Schmarda without comparison to the type material. Also, 1861), (McIntosh 1885), (Ehlers 1887), (Treadwell inadequate preservation of the material may 1901 1917 1921 1924a b 1928 1936 1939), sometimes have led to misinterpretations of body (Augener 1906 1922 1927), (Monro 1928 1933a structures or proportions. Finally, many of the *To whom correspondence and reprint requests should be addressed. Tel: 52-983-8350440 ext. 4329. E-mail: [email protected] 24 Tovar-Hernández and Salazar-Vallejo -- Sabellids from the Grand Caribbean 25 original descriptions used to identify local fauna or more times longer than the distance between are incomplete and not illustrated. All of the above the breast and crest. Further, uncini were separat- reasons led to misidentifications and records of ed into 2 different types with respect to the relative species from localities far away from the Grand development of the breast; thus, breasts were con- Caribbean. sidered well developed if they had a rounded pro- Thus, the main objectives of this research jected lobe, or breasts were reduced, if this lobe were to determine the composition of species of was missing, having a sligthly rounded lobe in lat- sabellids occurring in the Grand Caribbean region, eral view. describe 4 new species, and provide an updated The checklist for the sabellids from the Grand checklist and taxonomic key for the species occur- Caribbean region is arranged in alphabetic order, ring in the area. including information as follows: author(s) and date of publication, type locality (TL), abbreviations of museums where the type material is deposited; MATERIALS AND METHODS other letters in parentheses are HT for holotype, PT for paratype, ST for syntype, LT for lectotype, Type and non-type materials were loaned NT for neotype, SST for schizosyntype, and in from the following institutions: BMNH, ECOSUR, some cases, remarks. In this contribution, the FSBC, LACM-AHF, UMML, USNM, and ZMA (see species of Branchiomma and fabriciin sabellids are explanation of acronyms below). Samples from only included in the checklist. The revisions of the different localities in the Mexican Caribbean were tropical American species of Branchiomma and the collected at different depths from the intertidal Grand Caribbean species of Chone are going to zone to 10 m, by skin or scuba diving. Poly- be published elsewhere (Tovar-Hernández and chaetes were obtanined from dead coral blocks, Knight-Jones, in press; Tovar-Hernández, in algae, sponges, sea grasses, or sediments. press). Fabriciin sabellids are documented in a Worms were placed in plastic bags, transferred to series of contributions by Fitzhugh (1983 1990 fresh water for up to 15 min in the shade, causing 1996). an osmotic shock which enhanced the relaxation of organisms and avoided contraction at fixation; Abbreviations samples were then fixed with a 10% formaline solution, washed in the lab with tap water for 24 h, The following abbreviations are used in the and transferred to 70% ethanol for long-term text or in the checklist: AMNH, American Museum preservation. of Natural History, New York, NY, USA; BMNH, Specimens were generally examined with the The Natural History Museum, London, UK; ECO- aid of a stereomicroscope; characteristics of the SUR, El Colegio de la Frontera Sur, Chetumal, chaetae, eyes, internal structure of the dorsal lips, Mexico; FSBC, Florida Marine Research Institute, and number of thoracic segments were observed St. Petersburg, FL, USA; LACM-AHF, Los Angeles using a compound microscope. Every specimen County Museum of Natural History, Allan Hancock was analyzed to obtain the following measure- Foundation, Los Angeles, CA, USA; MCZ, ments: width of the posterior thorax, body length Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard Univ., (from the peristomium to the pygidium), length of Cambridge, MA, USA; NHMW, Naturhistorisches the radiolar crown, and number of thoracic seg- Museum Wien, Wien, Austria; NMI, National ments. Drawings were made with a camera luci- Museum of Ireland, Dublin, Ireland; NMW, National da, while some illustrations of diagnostic structures Museum and Galleries of Wales, Wales, UK; were obtained using scanning electron microscopy UMML, Marine Invertebrates Museum, Rosenstiel (SEM). School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, Univ. In order to standardize the relative size of the of Miami, Miami, FL, USA; USNM, The Natural manubria and facilitate comparison between History Museum, Smithsonian Institution, species, the following clasification was used: a) Washington DC, USA; UZIU, Museum of manubria were considered short if they were short- Evolution, Zoology Section, Uppsala Univ., er than the distance between the breast and crest; Uppsala, Sweden; ZMA, Zoological Museum, Univ. b) medium, if they were as long as the distance of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; between the breast and crest; c) long, if they were ZMH, Zoologisches Institut und Museum, Univ. 1.5 times longer than the distance between the Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; and ZMUC, breast and crest; and d) extra long, if they were 2 Zoologisk Museum, Univ. København, Copen- 26 Zoological Studies 45(1): 24-66 (2006) hagen, Denmark. - Radioles without stylods .............................. Sabellastarte; Base of the crown involuted, forming spirals, thorax with 7 Key for sabellids from the Grand Caribbean or 8 chaetigers .............................................. S. magnifica 15. (14) Stylodes poorly developed (Fig. 18B); compound radiolar eyes present or absent ...... Pseudobranchiomma; 1. Breast of thoracic uncini narrow, poorly developed, giving Radioles with serrations, radiolar tips long, digitiform......... uncini an acicular appearance (Fig. 7L) .......................... 2 ........................................................................ P. emersoni - Breast of thoracic uncini well developed, giving uncini a Z- - Stylodes well developed; compound radiolar eyes pre- shaped or avicular appearance (Fig. 1M) ...................... 10 sent, set in pairs .......................................... Branchiomma 2. (1) Abdominal uncini with an elongate manubrium below 16. (11) Abdomen with paleate neurochaetae (Fig. 1N, O)...17 dentate region.................................................................. 3 - Abdomen without paleate neurochaetae ...................... 19 -
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