Margaret Thomas Department of Slavic & Eastern Languages
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Modeling Language Variation and Universals: a Survey on Typological Linguistics for Natural Language Processing
Modeling Language Variation and Universals: A Survey on Typological Linguistics for Natural Language Processing Edoardo Ponti, Helen O ’Horan, Yevgeni Berzak, Ivan Vulic, Roi Reichart, Thierry Poibeau, Ekaterina Shutova, Anna Korhonen To cite this version: Edoardo Ponti, Helen O ’Horan, Yevgeni Berzak, Ivan Vulic, Roi Reichart, et al.. Modeling Language Variation and Universals: A Survey on Typological Linguistics for Natural Language Processing. 2018. hal-01856176 HAL Id: hal-01856176 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01856176 Preprint submitted on 9 Aug 2018 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Modeling Language Variation and Universals: A Survey on Typological Linguistics for Natural Language Processing Edoardo Maria Ponti∗ Helen O’Horan∗∗ LTL, University of Cambridge LTL, University of Cambridge Yevgeni Berzaky Ivan Vuli´cz Department of Brain and Cognitive LTL, University of Cambridge Sciences, MIT Roi Reichart§ Thierry Poibeau# Faculty of Industrial Engineering and LATTICE Lab, CNRS and ENS/PSL and Management, Technion - IIT Univ. Sorbonne nouvelle/USPC Ekaterina Shutova** Anna Korhonenyy ILLC, University of Amsterdam LTL, University of Cambridge Understanding cross-lingual variation is essential for the development of effective multilingual natural language processing (NLP) applications. -
Universals in Phonology This Article A
UC Berkeley Phonology Lab Annual Report (2007) (Commissioned for special issue of The Linguistic Review, 2008, Harry van der Hulst, ed.) Universals in Phonology ABSTRACT This article asks what is universal about phonological systems. Beginning with universals of segment inventories, a distinction is drawn between descriptive universals (where the effect of different theoretical frameworks is minimized) vs. analytic universals (which are specific-theory- dependent). Since there are few absolute universals such as “all languages have stops” and “all languages have at least two degrees of vowel height”, theory-driven or “architectural” universals concerning distinctive features and syllable structure are also considered. Although several near- universals are also mentioned, the existence of conflicting “universal tendencies” and contradictory resolutions naturally leads into questions concerning the status of markedness and synchronic explanation in phonology. While diachrony is best at accounting for typologically unusual and language-specific phonological properties, the absolute universals discussed in this study are clearly grounded in synchrony. 1. Introduction My colleague John Ohala likes to tell the following mythical story about a lecture that the legendary Roman Jakobson gives upon arrival at Harvard University some time in the 1940s. The topic is child language and phonological universals, a subject which Prof. Jakobson addresses in his Kindersprache, Aphasie und allgemeine Lautgesetze (1941). In his also legendary strong Russian accent, Jakobson makes the pronouncement, “In all languages, first utterance of child, [pa]!” 1 He goes on to explain that it is a matter of maximal opposition: “[p] is the consonant most consonant, and [a] is the vowel most vowel.” As the joke continues, a very concerned person in the audience raises his hand and is called on: “But, professor, my child’s first utterance was [tSik].” Prof. -
The Linguistic Review 2019; 36(1): 117–150
The Linguistic Review 2019; 36(1): 117–150 Sun-Ah Jun* and Xiannu Jiang Differences in prosodic phrasing in marking syntax vs. focus: Data from Yanbian Korean https://doi.org/10.1515/tlr-2018-2009 Abstract: In studying the effect of syntax and focus on prosodic phrasing, the main issue of investigation has been to explain and predict the location of a prosodic boundary, and not much attention has been given to the nature of prosodic phrasing. In this paper, we offer evidence from intonation patterns of utterances that prosodic phrasing can be formed differently phonologically and phonetically due to its function of marking syntactic structure vs. focus (promi- nence) in Yanbian Korean, a lexical pitch accent dialect of Korean spoken in the northeastern part of China, just above North Korea. We show that the location of a H tone in syntax-marking Accentual Phrase (AP) is determined by the type of syntactic head, noun or verb (a VP is marked by an AP-initial H while an NP is marked by an AP-final H), while prominence-marking accentual phrasing is cued by AP-initial H. The difference in prosodic phrasing due to its dual function in Yanbian Korean is compared with that of Seoul Korean, and a prediction is made on the possibility of finding such difference in other languages based on the prosodic typology proposed in (Jun, Sun-Ah. 2014b. Prosodic typology: by prominence type, word prosody, and macro-rhythm. In Sun-Ah Jun (ed.), Prosodic Typology II: The Phonology of Intonation and Phrasing. 520–539. Oxford: Oxford University Press). -
Georgetown University Round Table on Languages and Linguistics 1973
Georgetown University Round Table on Languages and Linguistics 1973 Language and International Studies Kurt R. Jankowsky Editor Georgetown University School of Languages and Linguistics Georgetown University Round Table on Languages and Linguistics 7 973 Language and International Studies Kurt R. Jankowsky Editor Georgetown University Press, Washington, D.C. 20007 Bibliographical Notice Since this series has been variously, and confusingly, cited as Georgetown University Monograph Series on Languages and Linguistics, Monograph Series on Languages and Linguistics, Reports of the Annual Round Table Meetings on Linguistics and Language Study, etc., beginning with the present volume the title of the series is being changed. The new title of the series includes the year of a Round Table and omits both the monograph number and the meeting number, thus: Georgetown University Round Table on Languages and Linguistics 1973, with the regular abbreviation GURT 1973. Full bibliographical references should show the form: Kiihlwein, W. 1973. Some social implications of language study. In: Georgetown University Round Table on Languages and Linguistics 1973. Edited by Kurt R. Jankowsky. Washington, D.C., Georgetown University Press. 19-24. Copyright © 1973 by Georgetown University Printed in the United States of America Library of Congress Catalog Card Number 58-31607 ISBN 0-87840-108-3 TO ROBERT LADO FOR HIS INSPIRING LEADERSHIP AS DEAN OF THE SCHOOL OF LANGUAGES AND LINGUISTICS 1960-1973 111 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The twenty papers presented in the sessions of the twenty-fourth annual Georgetown University Round Table, March 15-17, 1973, appear in this volume. Unfortunately Melvin F. Fox, of the Ford Foundation, and Wolfgang Kuhlwein, of the University of Trier, previously announced as panelists, were unable to be present, al- though Professor Kiihlwein's paper is included in the present volume. -
Lecture 11: Introduction to Pragmatics. Formal Semantics and Formal Pragmatics
Formal Semantics and Semantic Universals, Lecture 11 Barbara H. Partee, RGGU, April 28, 2011 Lecture 11: Introduction to Pragmatics. Formal Semantics and Formal Pragmatics. Possible Pragmatic Universals 0. Syntax, Semantics, Pragmatics. ....................................................................................................................................1 1. Grice’s Conversational Implicatures. ...........................................................................................................................2 1.1. Motivation. Questions about the meanings of logical words.................................................................................2 1.2. Truth-conditional content (semantics) vs. Conversational Implicatures (pragmatics)..........................................2 1.3. Conversational maxims. (“Gricean maxims”.)......................................................................................................3 1.4. Generating implicatures. General principles. Examples......................................................................................4 1.5. Are Gricean implicatures universal?......................................................................................................................5 2. How a better understanding of conversational implicatures helps semantics. .............................................................5 3. At the borderline of semantics and pragmatics: presuppositions. ................................................................................6 3.1 -
RUTH KRAMER Department of Linguistics Office
RUTH KRAMER Department of Linguistics Office: Poulton 247 Georgetown University [email protected] Washington, DC 20057 Phone: 202-687-5753 EMPLOYMENT 2009- Assistant Professor, Department of Linguistics, Georgetown University 2012- Associate Director for Afroasiatic Languages, The Afranaph Project (PI: Ken Safir), Rutgers University. 2011- Adjunct Researcher, Center for the Advanced Study of Language, University of Maryland, College Park. EDUCATION 2003-2009 University of California, Santa Cruz Ph.D. in Linguistics, 2009 Dissertation: Definite Markers, Phi Features and Agreement: A Morphosyntactic Investigation of the Amharic DP Committee: Sandra Chung, Jorge Hankamer (co-chairs), James McCloskey 2007 Summer Cooperative African Language Institute (University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign). Intensive course in Elementary Amharic. 1999-2003 Brown University, B.A. in Linguistics (Honors) and Egyptology Magna cum laude, Phi Beta Kappa Thesis: (Virtual) Relative Clauses in Middle Egyptian Advisors: Pauline Jacobson and Leo Depuydt PUBLICATIONS MONOGRAPH AND EDITED VOLUMES Zsiga, Elizabeth, One Boyer and Ruth Kramer, eds. In press. Languages in Africa: Multilingualism, Language Policy, and Education. Georgetown University Press. Kramer, Ruth. Under contract. The Morphosyntax of Gender: Evidence from Amharic. Oxford University Press. Kramer, Ruth, Elizabeth Zsiga and One Boyer, eds. Under contract. Selected Proceedings of the 44th Annual Conference of African Linguistics. Cascadilla Press. Page 1 of 8 RUTH KRAMER : C.V. REFEREED ARTICLES, BOOK CHAPTERS AND PROCEEDINGS PAPERS Kramer, Ruth. In press. The position of numerals in Middle Egyptian: Evidence from universals of word order. Lingua Aegyptia. Chacón, Dustin, Jen Johnson, Ruth Kramer, Chris LaTerza, Morgan Rood. To appear. New puzzles for shifting indexicals: an Amharic case study. In Selected Proceedings of the 44th Annual Conference on African Linguistics (ACAL 44), eds. -
The SPE-Heritage of Optimality Theory
The SPE-heritage of Optimality Theory HARRY VAN DER HÜLST AND NANCY A. RITTER Abstract In this article, we start out discussing the issue of how many phonological levels one might like to distinguish. In addition, we discuss how each level is charac- terized and how the mapping between levels is handled. Then, against the back- ground of a more general discussion of constraint-based approaches to phonol- ogy, we assess phonological Optimality Theory (OT), arguing that this theory is formulated within the conceptual framework of Standard Generative Phonology (SGP) and thus has not freed itself from its SPE-heritage. By implicitly adopting many aspects ofSPE (such as an intra-lavel input/output distinction and one holis- tic mechanism), OT compares unfavorably with other available constraint-based models in needing the notion of extrinsic ordering and failing to characterize the notion of what a possible language is. 1. Introduction The purpose of this article is to assess phonological Optimality Theory (OT) in the context of a broad discussion of both other constraint-based phonological theories as well as the preceding derivational theories that stem from the tradition of The Sound Pattern of English (SPE; Chomsky and Halle 1968). Our main conclusion will be that OT is closer in its basic design to SPE than to the other constraint-based models that are its contemporaries. In section 2 of this article, we first discuss different views of phonological lev- els of representation, converging on a view that acknowledges more than one level, while lacking the notion of an intra-level input/output distinction. -
Foreign Language, Area, and Other International Studies: a Bibliography of Research and Instructional Materials
DOCUMENT RESUME ED 358 725 FL 021 292 AUTHOR Marcos, Kathleen M., Ed. TITLE Foreign Language, Area, and Other International Studies: A Bibliography of Research and Instructional Materials. List No. 10. INSTITUTION Center for Applied Linguistics, Washington, D.C.; National Foreign Language Center, Washington, DC. SPONS AGENCY Department of Education, Washington, DC. PUB DATE Apr 93 NOTE 109p. PUB TYPE Reference Materials Bibliographies (131) EDRS PRICE MF01/PC05 Plus Postage. DESCRIPTORS Annotated Bibliographies; *Area Studies; Classroom Techniques; Curriculum Design; Educational Needs; Educational Research; Federal Aid; *Federal Programs; *Instructional Materials; *International Studies; Language Research; Language Tests; Material Development; Needs Assessment; *Second Language Instruction; Surveys; Testing IDENTIFIERS *Higher Education Act Title VI ABSTRACT This bibliography is part of a series summarizing the activities carried out under Title VI of the Higher Education Act of 1965. These research and development activities include: surveys of status, needs, and priorities; specialized research and studies; development of instructional and research materials; research in language teaching methods; development of proficiency tests; and curricula approaches to foreign languages, area studies, and other aspects of international education, particularly with regard to non-western parts of the world. The bibliography, which provides a record of funded research completed by December 1991, is divided into two sections: general reports (including studies and surveys, conferences, linguistic studies, research in language teaching methods, and testing) and specialized materials (commonly taught languages, less commonly taught languages, and foreign area studies). Entries provide basic bibliographic information and author or publisher address. Items are indexed by author, author's affiliation, languages, text material types, research topics, and geographic areas. -
Pauline Jacobson-Cv, 7/21
Pauline Jacobson CURRICULUM VITAE updated: July, 2021 Department of Cognitive. Linguistic, and Psychological Sciences Box 1821 Brown University, Providence, RI 02912 phone: (401)-863-3037; (401)-863-2727 fax: 401-863-2255 e-mail: [email protected] Primary Areas of Specialization: formal (compositional) semantics, syntactic theory, the interaction of syntax and semantics Secondary Areas: pragmatics; the interface of pragmatics and semantics; lexical semantics; language processing and linguistic theory Area of 'expertise' for the purposes of teaching (only!): Linguistic Relativity hypothesis Education A.B. (Anthropology), University of California at Berkeley, 1968. M.A. (Linguistics), University of California at Berkeley, 1972. Masters thesis: Crossover and Some Related Phenomena. Ph.D. (Linguistics), University of California at Berkeley, 1977. Dissertation: The Syntax of Crossing Coreference Sentences. Teaching and Research Positions Visiting teaching and research positions: Visiting Professor, Harvard, Semester I, 2004-5. Visiting Professor, UCLA, May, 2001. Visiting Professor, Institute for Maschinelle Sprachverarbeitung (Institute for Computational Linguistics), University of Stuttgart, Germany, May- June, 1998. Fellow, Institute for Advanced Study, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, August- December, 1997. Visiting Associate Professor, Ohio State University; January-June, 1990. Summer Institutes: (courses at Linguistic Society of America Institutes were by invitation of the host institution; courses at the European Summer School in Language, Logic and Information were by invitation of the organizing committee or refereed proposal submission; others by invitation of the organizing committee) Second Annual East Asian Summer School in Language, Logic, and Information, Southwest University, Chongqing, China, August, 2012. "The Syntax-Semantic Interface: Compositionality Issues". Pauline Jacobson - cv - 2021 2 European Summer School in Language, Logic, and Information, Copenhagen, August, 2010. -
Georgetown University Round Table on Languages and Linguistics
GEORGETOWN UNIVERSITY ROUND TABLE ON LANGUAGES AND LINGUISTICS Language Teaching, Testing, and Technology: Lessons from the Past with a View Toward the Future James E. Alatis, Editor GEORGETOWN UNIVERSITY ROUND TABLE ON LANGUAGES AND LINGUISTICS 1989 Language Teaching, Testing, and Technology: Lessons from the Past with a View Toward the Future James E. Alatis, Editor Georgetown University Press, Washington, D.C. Bibliographic notice Since this series has been variously and confusingly cited as: Georgetown University Monograph Series on Languages and Linguistics, Monograph Series on Languages and Linguistics, Reports of the Annual Round Table Meetings on Linguistics and Language Study, etc., beginning with the 1973 volume the title of the series was changed. The new title of the series includes the year of a Round Table and omits both the monograph number and the meeting number, thus: Georgetown University Round Table on Languages and Linguistics 1988, with the regular abbreviation GURT '89. Full bibliographic references should show the form: Lado, Robert. 1989. Acquisition vs. learning in reading pronunciation by adult EFL students. In: Georgetown University Round Table on Languages and Linguistics 1989. Washington, D.C.: Georgetown University Press. 000-000. Copyright ©1989 by Georgetown University Press All rights reserved Printed in the United States of America Library of Congress Catalog Number: 58-31607 ISBN 0-87840-124-5 ISSN 0196-7207 To WILGA M. RIVERS TEACHER, AUTHOR, SCHOLAR IN RECOGNITION OF HER SELFLESS DEDICATION TO THE TEACHING OF LANGUAGES Contents The Georgetown University Bicentennial and the fortieth Round Table on Languages and Linguistics James E. Alatis, Dean, Georgetown University School of Languages and Linguistics and Chair, Georgetown University Round Table on Languages and Linguistics 1989 Welcoming remarks 1 Charles A. -
Ellipsis: Licensing, Structure and Identity
The Linguistic Review 2016; 33(4): 445–452 Evelyn Gandón-Chapela* and Javier Pérez-Guerra Ellipsis: licensing, structure and identity DOI 10.1515/tlr-2016-0010 Abstract: Following an introduction to ellipsis and its consequences both for communication and for the theory of grammar, this paper addresses a number of issues which have been debated in the linguistic literature on ellipsis, namely structure, identity and licensing. This study brings to the readers’ attention the effects which such conditions have for the study of ellipsis in different lan- guages as well as their constraints within the generative framework. As case studies on the conditions and the characterisation of the linguistic strategy under scrutiny, this paper also summarises the main approaches to ellipsis in the studies embodied in this special issue. Keywords: ellipsis, antecedent, identity, licensing, mismatch 1 Introduction In a communication exchange speakers may omit information when the latter can be inferred from the linguistic or extralinguistic context. Therefore, addressees will need to decipher not only what has been said but also what has not in order to reach a full and correct interpretation. This syntactic strategy is known as ‘ellipsis’ in the linguistic literature and it refers to cases in which expected, that is, subcategorised (or syntactically relevant) syntactic elements, have been left unpronounced. Elliptical constructions thus illustrate a mismatch between meaning (the intended message) and sound (what is actually uttered). For example, in (1), although part of the sentence has undergone ellipsis, its meaning can still be understood and retrieved from the surrounding linguistic context: (1) Michael keeps on telling me I won’t pass the exam, but I believe I will pass the exam.1 1 Strikethrough words represent elided material in this paper, but they are not intended to represent a syntactic or semantic analysis of ellipsis. -
2020 Proceedings
请领导们放心 2020 Proceedings Flying in English -ketun L2 intonation mweo haesseyo HOUSELESSHOMELESS natural language acquisition Subtitles 24th Annual Graduate Student Conference Edited by Victoria Lee College of Languages, Denis Melik Tangiyev Linguistics & Literature Chau Truong 2020 Proceedings Selected papers from the 24th Annual Graduate Student Conference College of Languages, Linguistics & Literature Edited by Victoria Lee Denis Melik Tangiyev Chau Truong Published by 1859 East-West Road #106 Honolulu, HI 96822-2322 nflrc.hawaii.edu cbna 2021 College of Languages, Linguistics & Literature, University of Hawai‘i at Mānoa. Some rights reserved. This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons. org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/. Past proceedings in this series are archived in http://scholarspace.manoa.hawaii.edu/handle/10125/9195 The contents of this publication were developed in part under a grant from the U.S. Department of Education (CFDA 84.229, P229A180026). However, the contents do not necessarily represent the policy of the Department of Education, and one should not assume endorsement by the Federal Government. CONTENTS PREFACE ii PLENARY HIGHLIGHTS iii 2020 LLL EXCELLENCE IN RESEARCH AWARD PRESENTATIONS iv HOMELESS OR HOUSELESS: TERMINOLOGY CHANGES FOR HOME OWNER 2 AGENCY Jenniefer Corpuz, Department of English POSITING A HYBRID EXEMPLAR MODEL FOR L2 INTONATION 8 Bonnie J. Fox, Department of East Asian Languages