DOCSLIB.ORG

The Cultural Net: Early Modern Drama As a Paradigm

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Cultural Net: Early Modern Drama As a Paradigm Joachim Küpper The Cultural Net: Early Modern Drama as a Paradigm Joachim Küpper The Cultural Net: Early Modern Drama as a Paradigm This book is published in cooperation with the DramaNet project, funded by the European Research Council ISBN 978-3-11-053638-6 e-ISBN (PDF) 978-3-11-053663-8 e-ISBN (EPUB) 978-3-11-060173-2 This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 License. For details go to http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/. Library of Congress Control Number: 2018934498 Bibliographic information published by the Deutsche Nationalbibliothek The Deutsche Nationalbibliothek lists this publication in the Deutsche Nationalbibliografie; detailed bibliographic data are available on the Internet at http://dnb.dnb.de. © 2018 Joachim Küpper, published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston Cover illustration: photodeedooo/iStock/Thinkstock Typesetting: Meta Sytems Publishing & Printservices GmbH, Wustermark Printing and binding: CPI books GmbH, Leck ♾ Printed on acid-free paper Printed in Germany www.degruyter.com Acknowledgements This book could not have been written without the generous support of an Advanced Grant from the European Research Council in Brussels. Over a period of five years, the grant enables the project’s principal investigator to hire a team of junior researchers with whom he works on the topic for whose investi- gation the funding was granted. These younger scholars are obliged to inde- pendently publish the results of their investigation. The grant-holder is expect- ed to submit a publication that systematizes the findings of the entire team, including his own ideas concerning the research question which is at the cen- ter of the team’s scholarly work. The grants are meant to encourage “frontier research”—thus the term coined by the ERC—, in the sense of concepts that are novel and may or may not turn out to be convincing. I developed the basic theoretical approach here outlined, which consists in a network theory of cultural (specifically literary) production. The main area of exemplification for the theoretical assumptions, early modern European dra- ma, was chosen to accord with one of my primary fields of expertise. Over the years during which I was able to devote myself to this project—for which we created the name “DramaNet”—I profited enormously from working with the members of my team, who introduced me to ramifications of the questions per- taining to the field of exemplification previously unknown to me. The present book will refer to their publications wherever this is indicated according to stan- dards of scholarly ethics; in order to provide some orientation, I will briefly char- acterize the thematic and methodological frames of the various more specialized studies resulting from the research team’s endeavors in the last section of the chapter “Outline of the Argument”.—In addition, I drew much invaluable inspi- ration from the papers read at the five conferences we were able to organize; the proceedings of these conferences have been published or will be published in the near future. Whenever this or that idea of “mine” might have been inspired by one of these papers, I have made this explicit.—During the tenure of the project, I was invited by prestigious universities from all over the world to present my hypotheses and provisional results. I am grateful in particular for the intense discussions I had with friends and colleagues at Princeton University, the École des Hautes Études en Sciences Sociales, Paris, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Columbia University, the National Research University − HSE, Moscow, and, finally, UCLA. Samuel Walker took up the task of correcting my English, and de Gruyter Publishing was ready to print the manuscript. I should like to conclude this preface with an attempt at briefly contextual- izing my approach within a broader framework reaching beyond the limits of cultural studies in the strict sense. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110536638-202 vi Acknowledgements I need not give expression to the generally accepted view (which I share) that the concept of the nation-state—as it emerged embryonically after the Treaty of Westphalia (1648) and unfolded in the course of, and after, the Napo- leonic Wars—was the basis of certain major achievements, such as the equality of all citizens with respect to political and juridical rights. It would not have been possible for humankind to immediately “leap” from the level of absolutist monarchies to a global state, in which every member of the species would be guaranteed equal rights.1 This said, the modern national wars, starting with the Franco-Prussian war of 1870/1, and continued by the massacres of World War I and World War II, show that the concept of the nation-state is no longer viable in our times. Weapons technology has reached a level that will cause future wars in technologically advanced parts of the globe to result in collec- tive extermination. The United Nations, the European Union, and the Transat- lantic Alliance were answers to the questions put on the agenda by the two world wars of the twentieth century. In present-day Europe and beyond, indus- trial production, finance, and, in part, politics are no longer taking place with- in national circuits, but rather in decentralized network structures more or less analogous to those described in this book. Cultural consciousness seems to somewhat lag behind these “real-world” trends. My polemics against a concept of culture that originated in Romanticism are also meant as a contribution to a larger reconsideration of basic configurations which extends beyond the con- fines of literary and artistic production. Berlin, November 2016 Joachim Küpper 1 The economic problems and the refugee crisis the European Union is facing at this point in time (2016) demonstrate that egalitarian politics that go further, culminating in the idea of a welfare state, are bound to the separation of a more or less homogeneous community from the rest of the species. It is a prerequisite of the much-acclaimed virtue of solidarity that all members of the community in question share certain general attitudes of behavior, including work ethics. Contents Acknowledgements v 0. Outline of the Argument, Basic Hypotheses, and Remarks on Methodology 1 I. The Cultural Net 34 The Basic Metaphor 34 Nodes and Contact Zones 45 Processes and Rationales of Assembly 53 Formal Organization and Mediatedness 75 Temporal Incongruences 84 Accessibility 92 Borderlines 99 Transnational Cultural Agencies 115 Control and Demand 134 Basic Prerequisites 150 The Economy of Cultural Transfer 153 II. Mass Media, Early Modern 157 The Masses 157 Mediality 164 The “Orientation Toward The Message” 174 The Predilection for Tragedy 190 Devices of Enticement: Love, Horror, and Marvel 202 Mass Media, Early Modern and Present 209 III. Historical Issues, Theoretical Perspectives 212 Some Case Studies 212 “Rootedness”: Johann Gottfried Herder 232 “National Literatures”: Topoi and Languages 250 “National” Styles? “Hybridity”? “Third Spaces”? 274 IV. Concluding Remarks 292 Culture as Network: Subversive and Innovative Potentialities 292 Limits of the Basic Metaphor 303 References 313 0. Outline of the Argument, Basic Hypotheses, and Remarks on Methodology “Our philological home is the earth: it can no longer be the nation.” (Erich Auerbach, “Philology and Weltliteratur” [1952/1969]) 0.—This book has two main objectives, one theoretical, the other historical. In terms of theory, it tries to explore the metaphor of culture as originating from processes of transfer and extraction evolving within a virtual network. In this respect, it is inspired by technological developments that were and go on taking place in the period of its conception. But the theoretical concept here submitted is not systematically linked to such recent trends of technological evolution. This feature shall become evident in a second part which will investigate the productivity of this new approach to conceptualizing culture by targeting a specific field of cultural production from the pre-technological era: literary texts, specifically dramatic texts, mainly “Western”, from the early modern age. The choice of the period was, at least in part, driven by the intention to keep the present-day context of inspiration to which the general theoretical concept is linked strictly separate from the theoretical claims that may be de- rived from the investigation of a specific section of the literary field. By way of discussing a range of concrete examples of processes of cultural transfer and exchange, the second section of this book shall also help elucidate facets and implications of the theoretical approach presented in the first section that may otherwise remain all too abstract. In addition, this part on early modern drama as mass media has the ambition to provide a portrait of the literary text corpus in question that might yield new historical insights for scholars working in that specific field. It is thus intended to demonstrate that the new approach submit- ted here may be valid and valuable beyond the limits of theoretical speculation. In a third part, I will present succinct case studies which are apt to cast a light on specific problems of a network theory of cultural production and reception that require a more detailed reflection. As the claim linked to the theoretical approach suggested in this book is a more general one, there will be passages in which I shall deal with texts from other genres and periods (e.g. the nine- teenth-century realist novel) in order to further develop the implications of the main theoretical ideas.—In this last major section, I will also address at some length the approach to conceptualizing cultural production and reception which is opposite to mine, namely the assumption of the existence of “national https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110536638-001 2 Joachim Küpper literatures”, including the derivatives of this latter concept, up to postcolonial theory.—A brief concluding part will attempt to highlight some problems in- volved in my theorizing that might lead to further scholarly discussions.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Introduction: Conceptual Personae 1
    NOTES Introduction: Conceptual Personae 1. Duc De La Rochefoucauld, Moral Maxims and Reflections in Four Parts: Written in French by the Duke of Rochefoucault, Now Made in English (London: M. Gillyflower, 1694), no. CCCLXXX. 2. Odo Marquard, In Defense of the Accidental: Philosophical Studies, trans. Robert M. Wallace (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1991). 3. Dante Alighieri, Divine Comedy: Verse Translation and Commentary, Vol. 1: Inferno, ed. and trans. Mark Musa (Bloomington and Indianapolis: Indiana University Press, 1996), 7.84 [p. 65]. 4. Francesco Petrarch, “Preface: To the Noble and Distinguished Azzo Da Correggio,” Remedies for Fortune Fair and Foul: A Modern English Translation, vol. 1, ed. and trans. Conrad H. Rawski (Bloomington and Indianapolis: Indiana University Press, 1991), p. 1. An early fifteenth-century English translation of a small part of the work survives in Cambridge University Library MS Ii. VI.39; see F. N. M. Diekstra, ed., A Dialogue between Reason and Adversity: A Late Middle English Version of Petrarch’s De Remediis (Assen: Royal Vangorcum, 1968). 5. Giovanni Boccaccio, The Decameron, trans. G. H. McWilliam (London: Penguin, 1972), p. 127. 6. John Gower, Confessio Amantis, VI.1569–70, in The English Works of John Gower, 2 vols., ed. G. C. Macaulay, EETS e.s. 81–82 (London: Oxford University Press, 1900; reprinted 1979). 7. John Lydgate, Fall of Princes, ed. Henry Bergen, EETS e.s. 121–24 (London: Oxford University Press, 1924–27; reprinted 1967), 1.54; Thomas Malory, The Works of Sir Thomas Malory, vol. 3, ed. Eugene Vinaver, rev. P. J. C. Field (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1990), p.
    [Show full text]
  • Different Matrilineal Contributions to Genetic Structure of Ethnic Groups in the Silk Road Region in China
    Different Matrilineal Contributions to Genetic Structure of Ethnic Groups in the Silk Road Region in China Yong-Gang Yao,*1 Qing-Peng Kong,* à1 Cheng-Ye Wang,*à Chun-Ling Zhu,* and Ya-Ping Zhang* *Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Evolution, and Molecular Biology of Domestic Animals, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China; Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-resource, Yunnan University, Kunming, China; and àGraduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China Previous studies have shown that there were extensive genetic admixtures in the Silk Road region. In the present study, we analyzed 252 mtDNAs of five ethnic groups (Uygur, Uzbek, Kazak, Mongolian, and Hui) from Xinjiang Province, China (through which the Silk Road once ran) together with some reported data from the adjacent regions in Central Asia. In a simple way, we classified the mtDNAs into different haplogroups (monophyletic clades in the rooted mtDNA tree) according to the available phylogenetic information and compared their frequencies to show the differences among Downloaded from https://academic.oup.com/mbe/article/21/12/2265/1071048 by guest on 27 September 2021 the matrilineal genetic structures of these populations with different demographic histories. With the exception of eight unassigned M*, N*, and R* mtDNAs, all the mtDNA types identified here belonged to defined subhaplogroups of haplogroups M and N (including R) and consisted of subsets of both the eastern and western Eurasian pools, thus providing direct evidence supporting the suggestion that Central Asia is the location of genetic admixture of the East and the West.
    [Show full text]
  • Q35 Portada EN.Indd
    QUADERNS ISSN (electronic): 2014-2242 / www.cac.cat DEL CAC Hybridisation strategies in reality TV in mass television programmes MIQUEL GARCIA HORCAJO Head of the Televisió de Catalunya New Formats Department [email protected] Abstract Resum The reality of a multi-platform setting, the fragmentation of La realitat d’un context multiplataforma, la fragmentació de the TV on offer and the recession are forcing channels to com- l’oferta televisiva i la situació de crisi econòmica obliguen les pete with low-cost products and to surprise viewers with nov- cadenes a haver de competir amb productes de baix cost i a elties. Hybridisation is a basic premise for evolution and for sorprendre les persones espectadores amb novetats. La hibri- innovation, hence the proliferation in recent years of genres dació és una premissa bàsica per a l’evolució i per a la inno- that combine ingredients from a range of formats and prove- vació. D’aquí la proliferació, en els darrers anys, de gèneres nances. Such neologisms as infotainment, docutainment, que barregen ingredients de diversos formats i procedències. docufiction, docureality, mockumentary, etc. have entered TV Neologismes com ara infotainment, docutainment, docufiction, schedules, increasingly established in an entertainment role. docureality, mockumentary, etc., s’han incorporat de nou a les graelles de les televisions, cada cop més establertes en un rol Key words d’entreteniment. Television, genres, formats, hybridisation, multi-platform, multi-format, multi-genre, factual, docutainment, infotain- Paraules clau ment, docureality, docufiction, coaching, mockumentary Televisió, gèneres, formats, hibridació, multiplataforma, mul- tiformat, multigènere, factual, docutainment, infotainment, docureality, docufiction, coacking, mockumentary Factual, infotainment, docutainment, docureality..
    [Show full text]
  • The Historian-Filmmaker's Dilemma: Historical Documentaries in Sweden in the Era of Häger and Villius
    ACTA UNIVERSITATIS UPSALIENSIS Studia Historica Upsaliensia 210 Utgivna av Historiska institutionen vid Uppsala universitet genom Torkel Jansson, Jan Lindegren och Maria Ågren 1 2 David Ludvigsson The Historian-Filmmaker’s Dilemma Historical Documentaries in Sweden in the Era of Häger and Villius 3 Dissertation in History for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy presented at Uppsala University in 2003 ABSTRACT Ludvigsson, David, 2003: The Historian-Filmmaker’s Dilemma. Historical Documentaries in Sweden in the Era of Häger and Villius. Written in English. Acta Universitatis Upsalien- sis. Studia Historica Upsaliensia 210. (411 pages). Uppsala 2003. ISSN 0081-6531. ISBN 91-554-5782-7. This dissertation investigates how history is used in historical documentary films, and ar- gues that the maker of such films constantly negotiates between cognitive, moral, and aes- thetic demands. In support of this contention a number of historical documentaries by Swedish historian-filmmakers Olle Häger and Hans Villius are discussed. Other historical documentaries supply additional examples. The analyses take into account both the produc- tion process and the representations themselves. The history culture and the social field of history production together form the conceptual framework for the study, and one of the aims is to analyse the role of professional historians in public life. The analyses show that different considerations compete and work together in the case of all documentaries, and figure at all stages of pre-production, production, and post-produc- tion. But different considerations have particular inuence at different stages in the produc- tion process and thus they are more or less important depending on where in the process the producer puts his emphasis on them.
    [Show full text]
  • Helicobacter Pylori Isolated from Colombian Adult Patients and Associations with Gastric Diseases
    DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.22516/25007440.168 Original articles Genotyping of cagA and the intermediate region of vacA in strains of Helicobacter pylori isolated from Colombian adult patients and associations with gastric diseases M. Camila Melo-Narváez,1 Diana F. Rojas-Rengifo,1 Luisa F. Jiménez-Soto,2 María del Pilar Delgado,1 Belén Mendoza de Molano,3 José Fernando Vera-Chamorro,3 Carlos Jaramillo.1 1 Molecular Diagnosis and Bioinformatics Laboratory Abstract (LDMB - Laboratorio de Diagnóstico Molecular y Bioinformática) at University of the Andes in Bogotá, Objective: This study characterizes the diversity of cagA and vacA virulence genes in Colombian patients Colombia to determine possible associations between them and the severity of endoscopic findings. It considers all 2 Max von Pettenkoffer Institute for Hygiene and four genotypes reported for the vacA gene (s, m and i). Materials and methods: Helicobacter pylori was Clinical Microbiology of the Department of Bacteriology at LMU München. Munich, Germany. detected in biopsies of 62 patients through culturing and by molecular methods. Genotypes of cagA and vacA 3 Division of Gastroenterology and Digestive (m/i/s) were determined by PCR and sequencing. Results: One hundred twenty four strains from 62 patients Endoscopy at the Fundación de Santa Fe de Bogotá. were isolated. Of these, 48.5% (n = 48) were vacA s2/m2/i2 - cagA (-) which were mostly found in patients Bogotá, Colombia. with follicular gastritis; 32.3% (n = 32) were vacA s1/m1/i1-cagA (+) which were mostly found in patients with Corresponding author: María Camila Melo Narváez follicular gastritis, chronic gastritis and possible metaplasia.
    [Show full text]
  • Confronting Historical Stereotypes of African Americans on the Big Screen Melissa Ann Garrett Iowa State University
    Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Graduate Theses and Dissertations Dissertations 2017 Contemporary portrayals of blacks and mixed- blacks in lead roles: Confronting historical stereotypes of African Americans on the big screen Melissa Ann Garrett Iowa State University Follow this and additional works at: https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/etd Part of the African American Studies Commons, Film and Media Studies Commons, and the Journalism Studies Commons Recommended Citation Garrett, Melissa Ann, "Contemporary portrayals of blacks and mixed-blacks in lead roles: Confronting historical stereotypes of African Americans on the big screen" (2017). Graduate Theses and Dissertations. 15307. https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/etd/15307 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Dissertations at Iowa State University Digital Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Graduate Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Iowa State University Digital Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Contemporary portrayals of blacks and mixed-blacks in lead roles: Confronting historical stereotypes of African Americans on the big screen by Melissa Ann Garrett A thesis submitted to the graduate faculty in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE Major: Journalism and Mass Communication Program of Study Committee: Tracy Lucht, Major Professor Daniela Dimitrova Linda Shenk The student author and the program of study committee are solely responsible for the content of this thesis. The Graduate College will ensure this thesis is globally accessible and will not permit alterations after a degree is conferred. Iowa State University Ames, Iowa 2017 Copyright © Melissa Ann Garrett, 2017.
    [Show full text]
  • Supporting Evidence for the Long-Term Vision for Rural Areas
    EUROPEAN COMMISSION Brussels, 30.6.2021 SWD(2021) 166 final PART 2/3 COMMISSION STAFF WORKING DOCUMENT Accompanying the document Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament, the Council, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions A long-term Vision for the EU's Rural Areas - Towards stronger, connected, resilient and prosperous rural areas by 2040 {COM(2021) 345 final} - {SWD(2021) 167 final} EN EN 3.4. ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT This section describes the economic situation of rural regions, with a focus agriculture and tourism. - GDP per head in rural regions is lower than in urban regions but catching up GDP per head is generally lower in rural and intermediate regions than in urban regions. In the EU-27, average GDP per head in rural regions was 75% of the EU average, in intermediate regions it was 88% while in urban regions, it was 125%. The gap is particularly large in eastern and central European Member States, like Slovakia, Romania, Hungary or Bulgaria where some urban regions (notably the capital city regions) developed at an extremely fast pace of economic growth. Figure 1 GDP per head (PPS), 2018 (Index EU-27=100, by urban-rural regional typology) Source: Eurostat online data table (nama_10r_3gdp) and JRC ARDECO database. Note the high value for GDP per head in Irish urban regions is due in part to the move of intellectual property rights. Although significantly lower than the cities in terms of wealth, rural regions have been catching up in relative terms with the rest of the Union.
    [Show full text]
  • Verhaltensdesign – Technologische Und Ästhetische Programme Der 1960Er Und 1970Er Jahre 2018
    Repositorium für die Medienwissenschaft Jeannie Moser, Christina Vagt u.a. (Hg.) Verhaltensdesign – Technologische und ästhetische Programme der 1960er und 1970er Jahre 2018 https://doi.org/10.25969/mediarep/3671 Veröffentlichungsversion / published version Buch / book Empfohlene Zitierung / Suggested Citation: Moser, Jeannie; Vagt, Christina (Hg.): Verhaltensdesign – Technologische und ästhetische Programme der 1960er und 1970er Jahre. Bielefeld: transcript 2018 (Edition Kulturwissenschaft 167). DOI: https://doi.org/10.25969/mediarep/3671. Erstmalig hier erschienen / Initial publication here: https://doi.org/10.14361/9783839442067 Nutzungsbedingungen: Terms of use: Dieser Text wird unter einer Creative Commons - This document is made available under a creative commons - Namensnennung - Nicht kommerziell - Keine Bearbeitungen 4.0 Attribution - Non Commercial - No Derivatives 4.0 License. For Lizenz zur Verfügung gestellt. Nähere Auskünfte zu dieser Lizenz more information see: finden Sie hier: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0 Jeannie Moser, Christina Vagt (Hg.) Verhaltensdesign Edition Kulturwissenschaft | Band 167 Jeannie Moser, Christina Vagt (Hg.) Verhaltensdesign Technologische und ästhetische Programme der 1960er und 1970er Jahre Die Publikation wird ermöglicht durch den Exzellenzcluster Bild Wissen Gestaltung. Ein Interdisziplinäres Labor der Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin (Fördernr. EXC 1027/1) und die finanzielle Unterstützung durch die Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft im Rahmen der Exzellenzinitiative. This publication was made possible by the Image Knowledge Gestaltung. An Interdiscipli- nary Laboratory Cluster of Excellence at the Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin (sponsor number EXC 1027/1) with financial support from the German Research Foundation as a part of the Excellence Initiative. Diese Publikation ist aus der Tagung Verhaltensdesign. Bildungs-, Erziehungs- und Regie- rungsprogramme hervorgegangen, die im Dezember 2016 an der TU Berlin stattfand.
    [Show full text]
  • Gumbrecht PUBLICATIONS
    Publications HANS ULRICH GUMBRECHT Stanford University [December 2020]* 1. Books 1.1 Funktionswandel und Rezeption. Studien zur Hyperbolik in literarischen Texten des romanischen Mittelalters. München 1972. 1.2 Literaturkritik. BSV-Studienmaterial. München 1973. 1.3 Emile Zola im historischen Kontext. Für eine neue Lektüre des Rougon-Macquart- Zyklus. München 1978. 1.4 Funktionen parlamentarischer Rhetorik in der Französischen Revolution. Vorstudien zur Entwicklung einer historischen Textpragmatik. München 1978 [Portuguese translation under the title: As funçoes da retórica parlamentar na Revoluçao francesa. Belo Horizonte [Editora UFMG] 2003]. 1.5 Sozialgeschichte ästhetischer Erfahrung. Hagen [Fernuniversität] 1984. 1.6 Eine Geschichte der spanischen Literatur. Frankfurt 1990 [available as CD Rom at Directmedia [2004]]. 1.7 Making Sense in Life and Literature [English translation of publications [5.11], [5.22], [5.39], [5.43], [5.44], [5.45], [5.53], [5.69], [5.81], [5.84] and [5.88] by Glen Burns, and first publication of [5.112]]. Preface by Wlad Godzich. Minneapolis 1992. 1.8 In 1926. Living at the Edge of Time. Cambridge [Harvard University Press] 1997 [Portuguese translation under the title: Em 1926. Vivendo no Limite do Tempo. Rio de Janeiro [Editora Record] 1999 / German translation under the title: 1926. Ein Jahr am Rand der Zeit. Frankfurt [Suhrkamp Verlag] 2001; second edition / softcover, 2003 / Spanish translation under the title: 1926 – viviendo al borde del tiempo [Editorial Iberoamericana], Mexico City 2004 / Spanish partial translation at RBA Libros /Russian translation at NLO [Moscow] [2005] / Hungarian translation at Kijarat Kiado [Budapest] 2014]. 1.9 Modernizaçao dos Sentidos. Sao Paulo 1998 [Portuguese translation of publications [5.49], [5.67], [5.93], [5.97], [5.104], [5.105], [5.110], [5.117], [5.131], [5.137], [5.143], [5.147], [5.150]] [republication at UNESP Press].
    [Show full text]
  • How Bilbo Lost His Innocence: Media Audiences and the Evaluation of the Hobbit As a ‘Children’S Film’
    .F-E Volume 13, Issue 2 November 2016 How Bilbo lost his innocence: Media audiences and the evaluation of The Hobbit as a ‘Children’s Film’ Lars Schmeink, Institut für Kultur- und Medienmanagement Hamburg, Germany Abstract: The Hobbit (1937) by J. R. R. Tolkien is one of Britain’s, if not one of the world’s, most beloved children’s books. It thus stands to reason that the film adaptation by Peter Jackson (2012-2014) should be similarly beloved as children’s films. Yet indeed, the largest audience study to date, the World Hobbit Project, suggests otherwise. Of all the possible ‘types of film’ that audiences could choose from they were least comfortable with ‘Children’s Story’ and in their qualitative answers described the films as not ‘suitable’ for children. The essay analyzes the historical relation between the categories of ‘Children’s Story’ and the fantasy genre, by contrasting early reviews of the novel with audience reactions from the survey. At the core of the argument are audience expectations of what makes a story appropriate or intended for children and what the genre fantasy deals with. The analysis shows how these two expectations have diverged and now seem to be at odds with each other, clearly marking a shift in the meaning-making process surrounding the genre. Keywords: The Hobbit, Fantasy, Children, Audiences, Genre When the extended version of The Hobbit: The Battle of the Five Armies was released on DVD and Blu-ray in November 2015, it was not only remarkable for its length, extending the 144-min theatrical cut by an additional 20 minutes and thus boosting the runtime of all three parts of the film to 532 minutes.
    [Show full text]
  • Political Theology and Secularization Theory in Germany, 1918-1939: Emanuel Hirsch As a Phenomenon of His Time
    Harvard Divinity School Political Theology and Secularization Theory in Germany, 1918-1939: Emanuel Hirsch as a Phenomenon of His Time Author(s): John Stroup Source: The Harvard Theological Review, Vol. 80, No. 3 (Jul., 1987), pp. 321-368 Published by: Cambridge University Press on behalf of the Harvard Divinity School Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/1509576 . Accessed: 18/11/2013 17:40 Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at . http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp . JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected]. Cambridge University Press and Harvard Divinity School are collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to The Harvard Theological Review. http://www.jstor.org This content downloaded from 128.42.202.150 on Mon, 18 Nov 2013 17:40:09 PM All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions HTR80:3 (1987) 321 -68 POLITICAL THEOLOGY AND SECULARIZATION THEORY IN GERMANY, 1918-1939: EMANUEL HIRSCH AS A PHENOMENON OF HIS TIME * John Stroup Yale Divinity School According to Goethe, "writing history is a way of getting the past off your back." In the twentieth century, Protestant theology has a heavy burden on its back-the readiness of some of its most distinguished representatives to embrace totalitarian regimes, notably Adolf Hitler's "Third Reich." In this matter the historian's task is not to jettison but to ensure that the burden on Prot- estants is not too lightly cast aside-an easy temptation if we imagine that the theologians who turned to Hitler did so with the express desire of embracing a monster.
    [Show full text]
  • African American Studies (AFAM) 1 African American Studies (AFAM)
    African American Studies (AFAM) 1 African American Studies (AFAM) * AFAM 013b / ENGL 005b, Counterarchives: Black Historical Fictions Elleza Kelley While historical records have long been the source from which we draw our picture of the past, it is with literature and art that we attempt to speculatively work out that which falls between the cracks of conventional archival documentation, that which cannot be contained by historical record—emotion, gesture, the sensory, the sonic, the inner life, the aerlife, the neglected and erased. This course examines how contemporary black writers have imagined and attempted to represent black life from the late 17th to the early 20th centuries, asking what fiction can tell us about history. Reading these works as alternative archives, or “counterarchives,” which index the excess and fugitive material of black histories in the Americas, we probe the uses, limits, and revelations of historical fictions, from the experimental and realist novel, to works of poetry and drama. Drawing on the work of various interdisciplinary scholars, we use these historical fictions to explore and enter into urgent and ongoing conversations around black life & death, African-American history & memory, black aesthetics, and the problem of “The Archive.” Enrollment limited to first-year students. Preregistration required; see under First-Year Seminar Program. HU * AFAM 016b / AFST 015b / ENGL 015b, South African Writing aer Apartheid Stephanie Newell An introduction to creative writing published in South Africa from the end of Apartheid in 1994 to the present. Close readings of contemporary fiction with additional material drawn from popular culture, including films, magazines, and music. Enrollment limited to first-year students.
    [Show full text]