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A Atividade Musical Como Ponte Para O Contacto Com As Ciências Da Computação

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A Atividade Musical Como Ponte Para O Contacto Com As Ciências Da Computação MESTRADO MULTIMÉDIA - ESPECIALIZAÇÃO EM MÚSICA INTERATIVA E DESIGN DO SOM A ATIVIDADE MUSICAL COMO PONTE PARA O CONTACTO COM AS CIÊNCIAS DA COMPUTAÇÃO Pedro Pereira Sarmento M 2019 FACULDADES PARTICIPANTES: FACULDADE DE ENGENHARIA FACULDADE DE BELAS ARTES FACULDADE DE CIÊNCIAS FACULDADE DE ECONOMIA FACULDADE DE LETRAS A atividade musical como ponte para o contacto com as ciências da computação Pedro Pereira Sarmento Mestrado em Multimédia da Universidade do Porto Orientador: Rui Luís Nogueira Penha Coorientador: Jorge Manuel de Jesus Queijo Julho de 2019 © Pedro Sarmento, 2019 A atividade musical como ponte para o contacto com as ciências da computação Pedro Pereira Sarmento Mestrado em Multimédia da Universidade do Porto Aprovado em provas públicas pelo Júri: Presidente: Gilberto Bernardes de Almeida Vogal Externo: Paulo Maria Ferreira Rodrigues da Silva Orientador: Rui Luís Nogueira Penha Resumo Historicamente, são conhecidos vários pontos de ligação entre a música e conceitos das áreas de estudo científico. Este projeto visa explorar e compreender o potencial destas relações, apostando na atividade musical como uma ponte de contacto para tópicos das ciências da computação. Surgindo através de uma parceria com o Serviço Educativo da Orquestra de Jazz de Matosinhos, foram desenvolvidas e implementadas atividades sob a forma de workshops práticos, com participantes da Escola Secundária João Gonçalves Zarco, do concelho de Matosinhos, tendo como objetivo desenvolver abordagens às ciências da computação e à programção baseadas na prática musical. A metodologia utilizada foi direcionada por uma revisão de literatura inicial, seguida de uma implementação prática de sessões com os participantes, terminando em dois momentos de apresentação pública dos trabalhos desenvolvidos, sendo suportada por uma fase final de recolha de testemunhos e comentários por parte dos envolvidos. Face aos resultados obtidos, acredita-se que o enquadramento de conteúdos das ciências da computação num fim prático de composição e performance musical, potenciou a aquisição e consolidação de conhecimentos por parte dos envolvidos, bem como a criação de conteúdo musical relevante. Palavras-chave: Música, Ciências da Computação, Matemática, Programação, STEAM. Abstract Historically, several points of contact are known between music and concepts in the areas of scientific study. This project aims to explore and understand the potential of these relationships, focusing on musical activity as a bridge for topics related with computer science. Through a partnership with the Educational Service of the Orquestra de Jazz de Matosinhos, activities were developed and implemented in the form of practical workshops, with participants from Escola Secundária João Gonçalves Zarco, Matosinhos county, in order to develop computer science and programming approaches based on musical practice. The methodology used was guided by an initial literature review, followed by a practical implementation of sessions with the participants, ending in two moments of public presentation of the works developed, being supported by a final phase of gathering testimonies and comments by those involved. Considering the obtained results, it is believed that the application of computer science and programming topics within a practical context of musical composition and performance, increased the acquisition and consolidation of knowledge by those involved, as well as the creation of relevant musical content. Keywords: Music, Computer Science, Mathematics, Programming, STEAM. Agradecimentos No início estava relutante em redigir uma secção de agradecimentos. Averso. Os exemplares com que me confronto transmitem-me amíude uma imediata sensação de distância. Impessoais. Inócuos. A habitual construção de Nome, Justificação, Nome, Justificação, tem o condão de produzir em mim enfado, aborrecimento e, de certa forma, repulsa inconsciente, ativando um qualquer botão de altivismo, de conduta superior. Não é para mim. Algo como: à Raquel, por acreditar em mim, me guiar e estimular sempre, à Mãe e ao Pai, por me permitirem as extravagâncias e os detours, ao João, por me fazer olhar para cima mesmo sendo eu o mais velho, ao Ralo, por uma irmandade mais forte do que a do anel, aos MIDS, por me aceitarem e me fazerem sentir que pertenço, ao INEGI e as suas pessoas, por me terem mostrado o quanto a parte humana conta, ao Professor Rui Penha, por tudo, por toda esta aventura, e por ter sempre a gentileza de nos ensinar a aprender e a fazê-lo com gosto, à OJM e aos seus, pela oportunidade de participar em algo tão bom e importante, ao LEM, por serem todos especiais. Só após ter pressionado sarcasticamente as teclas que fazem estas palavras aparecer no meu ecrã, relendo-as em busca de incongruências e erros ortográficos, é que me apercebi do quão necessária, do quão indispensável é esta secção. Com esta leitura reflito e tomo consciência de que agradecer, ou reconhecer, é parte muito relevante do que nos faz humanos, do que nos faz pessoas, e do quão triste é aquele que não tem nada ou ninguém a quem agradecer. Não devemos nunca menosprezar este acto. Eu, certamente, não mais o farei. A todos, os meus mais sentidos agradecimentos. Pedro Pereira Sarmento Índice 1. Introdução ............................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Motivação .......................................................................................................................... 1 1.2 Problema(s), hipótese(s) e objetivos de investigação ........................................................ 3 1.3 Metodologia de investigação ............................................................................................. 3 1.4 Estrutura da dissertação ..................................................................................................... 4 2. Revisão bibliográfica .............................................................................................................. 5 2.1 Atividade musical e STEM ................................................................................................ 5 2.1.1 Resenha histórica ....................................................................................................... 5 2.1.2 Atividade musical e STEAM ..................................................................................... 7 2.2 Atividade musical e ciências da computação................................................................... 10 2.2.1 Resenha histórica ..................................................................................................... 10 2.2.2 Aplicações e ferramentas ......................................................................................... 10 2.2.3 Conceitos específicos .............................................................................................. 18 2.2.3.1 Pensamento computacional ................................................................................ 18 2.2.3.2 Recursividade ..................................................................................................... 19 2.2.3.3 Cadeias de Markov ............................................................................................. 20 3. Implementação ..................................................................................................................... 22 3.1 Contextualização .............................................................................................................. 22 3.2 Enquadramento ................................................................................................................ 23 3.3 Planificação geral de workshops e sessões ...................................................................... 24 3.4 Justificação de escolhas e decisões .................................................................................. 26 3.5 Atividades desenvolvidas ................................................................................................ 27 4. Resultados ............................................................................................................................. 42 4.1 Avaliação global .............................................................................................................. 42 4.2 Performance no seminário “A Educação na Era Digital” ................................................ 45 4.3 Performance na Grande Pesca Sonora ............................................................................. 46 5. Conclusão e trabalho futuro ................................................................................................ 48 5.1 Conclusão ........................................................................................................................ 48 5.2 Trabalho futuro ................................................................................................................ 49 6. Referências ............................................................................................................................ 52 7. Anexos ................................................................................................................................... 56 7.1 Entrevistas preliminares ................................................................................................... 56 7.1.1 Entrevista a Óscar Rodrigues ................................................................................... 56 7.1.2 Entrevista a José Alberto Gomes ............................................................................
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