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(12) United States Patent (10) Patent No.: US 6,226,758 B1 Gaalaas Et Al

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(12) United States Patent (10) Patent No.: US 6,226,758 B1 Gaalaas Et Al USOO6226758B1 (12) United States Patent (10) Patent No.: US 6,226,758 B1 Gaalaas et al. (45) Date of Patent: May 1, 2001 (54) SAMPLE RATE CONVERSION OF NON- 5,790,746 8/1998 Kashida et al. ...................... 386/116 AUDIO AES DATA CHANNELS 5,848,266 12/1998 Scheurich ............................. 713/503 (75) Inventors: Eric C Gaalaas; Lei Jin; John Paulos, * cited by examiner all of Austin, TX (US) Primary Examiner Dennis M. Butler (73) Assignee: Cirrus Logic, Inc., Austin, TX (US) (74) Attorney, Agent, or Firm-Steven Lin (57) ABSTRACT (*) Notice: Subject to any disclaimer, the term of this patent is extended or adjusted under 35 An Sample rate converter for non-audio AES data channels U.S.C. 154(b) by 0 days. is presented. Channel status (C) information is transferred in 192-bit blocks. Access to received C channel data blocks is (21) Appl. No.: 08/940,274 allowed, before the blocks are re-transmitted at the output Sample rate. This enables users to modify the data, allevi (22) Filed: Sep. 30, 1997 ating the effect of data loSS caused by different input and output Sample frequencies. For U channel Status (51) Int. Cl." ........................................................ G06F 1/04 information, U channel Status information is transferred as (52) U. S. Cl. .............................................................. 713/600 2x192 bit blocks like the channel status (C) scheme above, (58) Field of Search ..................................... 713/400,713/600 503, as individual Informationinf ti unitsits (IUs),(IU or as messages con sisting of 129 IUS. In the latter 2 schemes, the lengths of (56) References Cited output inter-IU filler Segments or output intemeSSage filler Segments are varied relative to the lengths of inputs inter-IU U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS filler Segments or input inter-IU message Segments respectively, to compensate for the difference between the 5,333,299 7/1994 Koval et al. ......................... 713/400 input Sample frequencv and the output Sample frequenc 5,400,328 * 3/1995 Burren et al. ..... ... 370/294 p ple Irequency p ple Irequency. 5,512,895 4/1996 Madden et al. ........................ 341/61. 5,598,352 1/1997 Rosenau et al. ..................... 395/806 29 Claims, 9 Drawing Sheets FROMAES3 S/PDIF REFERENCE DECODER SIGNAL COMPARATOR COUNTER TO AES3 S/PDIF ENCODER U.S. Patent May 1, 2001 Sheet 1 of 9 US 6,226,758 B1 109 AUDIO MIC 103 MEMORY 101 DIGITAL DIGITAL DRIVE AUDIO I/O SIGNAL MECHANISM CIRCUIT PROCESSOR(S UNIT 104 MICRO PROCESSOR AUDIOJACK FIG. 1 U.S. Patent May 1, 2001 Sheet 2 of 9 US 6,226,758 B1 (IN300+0/ CO }0070 U.S. Patent May 1, 2001 Sheet 3 of 9 US 6,226,758 B1 BIT 0 34 78 SUB-FRAME - 27 28 29 3031 PREAMBLE AUX DATA LSB AUDIO DATA MSB VALIDITY USER DATA CHANNEL STATUS DATA PARITY BIT FIG. 3A PREAMBLES -1N XCHANNELAY CHANNELBZCHANNELAY CHANNELBXCHANNELAY CHANNELEX, SUB-FRAME SUB-FRAME FRAME 191 FRAMEO FRAME 1 - START OF CHANNEL STATUS BLOCK FIG. 3B U.S. Patent May 1, 2001 Sheet 4 of 9 US 6,226,758 B1 BYTE/BIT 4/9 BLOCKBIT 2 3 4 5 | 6 || 7 | EMPHASs took FS USER BTMANAGEMENT REFERENCE RESERVED RESERVED ALPHANUMERIC CHANNEL ORIGINDATA 87 ALPHANUMERIC CHANNELDESINATION DATA 119 LOCAL SAMPLE ADDRESS CODE (32-BIT BINARY) 151 TIME OF DAYCODE (32-BITBINARY) 22- RESERVED RELIABILITYFLAGS 183 23- CYCLE REDUNDANCY CHECK CHARACTER 191 FIG. 4 U.S. Patent May 1, 2001 Sheet 5 of 9 US 6,226,758 B1 BYTEBIT BLOCKBIT | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 || 4 || 5 | 6 || 7 | PRO-0 AUDIO COPY | EMPHASIS MODE 7 CATEGORY CODE | 15 SOURCENUM CHANNEL NUM 23 FS CLOCKACC RESERVED 31 39 RESERVED He- 191 FIG. 5 U.S. Patent May 1, 2001 Sheet 6 of 9 US 6,226,758 B1 & CN SHIFT REG SHIFT|HJIW/100| REG U.S. Patent May 1, 2001 Sheet 7 of 9 US 6,226,758 B1 P O R S T U W W FIG. 7A INTERMESSAGE FILLER FILLER FILLERSEGMENT SEGMENT SEGMENT (IM) (IF) (IF) 600000000 IU Good IU 0000 IU FIG. 7B UBM RX TO RAM URAMCONT UBM RAM TO TX FIG. 8 U.S. Patent May 1, 2001 Sheet 8 of 9 US 6,226,758 B1 |06 He REG U.S. Patent May 1, 2001 Sheet 9 of 9 US 6,226,758 B1 INTERMESSAGE FILLER FILLER FILLER FILLERSEGMENT SEGMENT SEGMENT SEGMENT 60000000 IU Good IU Goodlu o o O 0000 IU FIG 10A INTERMESSAGE FILLER FILLER FILLER FILLERSEGMENT SEGMENT SEGMENT SEGMENT FIG 10B US 6,226,758 B1 1 2 SAMPLE RATE CONVERSION OF NON Asynchronous Sample rate conversion can convert AUDIO AES DATA CHANNELS between any two input and output Sample frequencies. In other words, for asynchronous Sample rate conversion, the BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION ratio of the input Sample frequency and the output Sample 1. Field of the Invention frequency may be irrational or the ratio of the input Sample frequency and the output Sample frequency may be rational The invention generally relates to digital signal process but the LCM frequency is too high for Synchronous Sample ing and more particularly to Sample rate conversion. rate conversion to be practical. In a typical Prior Art asyn 2. Description of the Related Art chronous Sample rate converter Such as that described in a AS computer Systems find increased applications in every publication titled “Theory and VLSI Architectures for ASyn day life, Sample rate conversion is becoming necessary in chronous Sample Rate Converters,” Robert Adams and Tom more situations. In general, a sample rate converter (SRC) Kwan, 94th Convention of the Audio Engineering Society, converts a digital Signal having a first Sample frequency to Berlin, Germany, 1993, an input digital Signal is first a Substantially Similar digital Signal having a Second Sample OverSampled/interpolated to a very high Sample frequency frequency. This allows two digital processing Systems oper 15 UF. Next, this high Sample frequency Signal UF is ating at two different Sample frequencies/rates to transfer filtered by a low-pass filter before being resampled at and process each other's signals. In the audio industry, another high frequency DF. The high frequency signal is applications of an SRC are numerous given that no Standard then downsampled by a factor of D to produce the output Sample rate has been adopted for all applications. For Signal. example, while a Sample rate of 48 kHz is generally used in For digital audio data transfer, Serial data Specifications compact disc (CD) recording, 44.1 kHz is used for CD AES3-1992 and IEC-60958 promulgated by the Audio Engi playback. Similarly, while digital audio tape (DAT) gener neering Society (AES) and the International Electrotechni ally has a Sample rate of 48 kHz, motion-picture-expert cal Commission (IEC), respectively, are the de facto digital group (MPEG) and Dolby AC-3 may have sample rates of audio interface Standards in the industry. 48 kHz, 44.1 kHz, 32 kHz, or half of any of these rates. Even 25 if two separate Systems have the same nominal Sampling Under the AES3-1992/IEC-60958 format, both audio data rate, they may not share the same master clock, in which and non-audio data (i.e., contained in the U and C channels) case Sample rate conversion is still required. are combined in the same data Stream. Currently, in the Prior Art there are commercially available transceiver circuits, There are three well-known methods of sample rate such as the TDA1315H from PhilipsTM Semiconductors of conversions: digital-analog-digital (DAD), Synchronous, the Netherlands, to perform transferS of Serial digital audio and asynchronous. The most direct method of Sample rate data that conform to the AES3-1992 and IEC-60958 speci conversion is DAD. Under the DAD method, a digital-to fications. Some of these transceiver circuits include a Sample analog (D/A) converter converts an input digital signal into rate converter to convert an AES3-1992/IEC-60958 digital an analog signal. The analog Signal, which consists of audio signal having a first Sample frequency to a Substan infinitely many repetitions of a frequency spectrum centered 35 on multiples of the Sampling frequency is then Sent to a tially similar digital Signal having a Second Sample fre lowpass filter to filter out the repetitions of the frequency quency. However, under the Prior Art, only the audio data Spectrum and leave only the baseband frequency Spectrum. portion of the AES3-1992/IEC-60958 data stream can be Sample rate converted. The U and C non-audio data are An analog-to-digital (A/D) converter is next used in resa generally lost when attempting Sample rate conversion on mpling the analog signal from the A/D converter at Sample 40 frequency F to convert the analog Signal back into a digital AES3-1992/IEC-60958 data streams. Signal. If F is greater than 2x(F/2), Shannon's Sampling Thus, a need exists for an apparatus, System, and method theorem is met and the original Signal can be reconstructed to effectively and efficiently perform Sample rate conversion completely from the Sampled signal D. of non-audio information contained in AES3-1992/IEC For the Synchronous Sample rate conversion method, as 45 60958 digital audio data streams. its name Suggests, the input and output Sample frequencies SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION originate from a master Source. In other words, the input Sample frequency is related to the output Sample frequency Accordingly, the present invention provides an apparatus, by a ratio of integers (e.g., 3:2). In Synchronous sample rate System, and method to perform Sample rate conversion of conversion, an input digital Signal, which has a Sample 50 non-audio information contained in AES3-1992/IEC-60958 frequency F is provided as input to an interpolator.
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